Chapter 7: Museum Collection Storage
Contents
1. sssssssssssssssseeeeee eene 7 10 How do assess the collection sssssssssss n nnn nn nnn nnne nns 7 10 How do assess physical security needs sssssssssssss n nnn nennen 7 10 How do assess fire protection needs sssssssssssssssssssssseeeneeeeeneneeeennn nennen nnne nnns 7 11 How do assess environmental monitoring and control needs sssssssssssssee 7 11 How do assess museum storage equipment needs ssssssssssse nnns 7 13 How do assess object storage techniques and methods ccccccccccccccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeess 7 14 Where do include technical supporting information and drawings such as floor plans in the storage planning document sssssssssssssssssseeseeeeeene eene nnne nennen nne 7 14 Assessing the Current Collection Storage Facility or Space sssssssss 7 14 How do assess the existing storage facility or space sssssssm 7 14 How do represent and record information about the storage space and structure 7 15 Planning a New or Upgraded Storage Space sssssss s 7 16 How do determine the storage equipment needed ceeecceeeeecececcceeeeeeeeeeeeencaeeeeeeeeeeeesctaaeeeeees 7 16 How do determine how much space is needed to store my collection sssss 7 16 What proc2. individuals working with or viewing the items the facility collections and items from a negative force These are just a few of the possible techniques and procedures that you may be asked to follow with items subject to NAGPRA This list is not all inclusive or universal as one tribe s methods may not be appropriate for another Consult with the lineal descendants or culturally affiliated organization with standing for guidance Be sure to document all new or revised procedures and guidelines for handling storage and use of collections subject to NAGPRA following the consultation process This may include notations additions or revisions to catalog records catalog or accession folders planning documents access procedures and other standard operating procedures or other relevant park documents 5 Whom should I contact for Contact your regional NAGPRA liaison regional SO curator regional assistance ethnographer or local tribal members for assistance Before you begin the consultation process determine the proper protocol and be sure to follow it whenever you contact tribal authorities council members elders and traditional religious leaders Your regional NAGPRA liaison regional SO curator regional ethnographer or local tribal members can assist you with issues of protocol Consult with the lineal descendant tribe or culturally affiliated organization with standing concerning proper handling and storage
3. A value analysis includes an informational phase a creativity phase an evaluation phase a development phase and a recommendation phase The informational phase includes a full examination of the collection storage function You will need to fully understand and state the needs of the collection storage function The standards and requirements for collection storage should guide the informational phase The creativity phase presents alternatives for achieving the collection storage requirements There are several alternatives that you will need to consider e Modify or retrofit the existing storage space This alternative may include upgrading the space with new environmental fire protection and security systems installing insulation and a vapor barrier or rearranging the storage equipment Use floorplans and other drawings to represent changes to the space NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 Also document previous records of any changes Describe how existing conditions can be corrected to conform to NPS requirements See Prototype Artifact Storage Structure Instructional Package a NPS technical publication available from the Midwest Support Office This publication guides a park in developing or upgrading storage space in an existing historic structure The same instructions and information also apply in a non historic structure Retrofitting may also involve the use of an insul
4. Sullivan Brigid Protecting Museum Collections in Storage Local History Notebook 6 no 2 May June 1990 Columbus Ohio The Ohio Historical Society Storage Mounts for Feathered Headdresses and Soft Sided Hats and Caps Conserve O Gram 5 2 Washington D C National Park Service 1993 Vogt O Connor Diane Caring for Blueprints and Cyanotypes Conserve O Gram 19 9 Washington D C National Park Service 1995 Housing Archival Paper Based Materials Conserve O Gram 19 16 Washington D C National Park Service 1996 How to Care for Bound Archival Materials Conserve O Gram 19 18 Washington D C National Park Service 1996 Storing Archival Paper Based Materials Conserve O Gram 19 15 Washington D C National Park Service 1996 NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 7 27 K List of Figures Figure 7 1 Figure 7 2a Figure 7 2b Figure 7 3 Figure 7 4 Figure 7 5 Figure 7 6 Figure 7 7 Figure 7 8 Figure 7 9 Figure 7 10 Figure 7 11 7 28 Levels of Containment in a Collection Storage System essere 7 29 Example Assessmerit Worksheet 5 0 ties A RA RL I RA RA Ad 7 29 Assessment Codes for Collection Storage Techniques esee 7 30 General Floor Plan of Proposed Museum Collection and Library Center at Grand Canyon National Park saves teer ete eere eo eel 7 32 Floor Plan of Proposed Museum Collection Space at Grand Canyon Nati
5. programming and funding curatorial projects e Maintain and store only museum collections that are identified in the park s approved Scope of Collection Statement NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 G Housing Museum Objects 1 Why is it important to use specialized museum storage equipment 2 What types of equipment does the NPS use for storing museum collections NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 e Maintain museum collections for easy access by users As a rule the park can make better use of the collection if it is readily accessible on site e Store archival and manuscript collections in boxes on shelves or in folders in map cases for oversize items Don t store archive collections in file cabinets or fireproof cabinets Museum storage equipment offers front line protection for museum objects Specialized museum equipment provides physical containment and isolation from many of the factors that negatively affect object condition Museum cabinets have synthetic gaskets that create an interior microenvironment that buffers temperature and relative humidity fluctuations prevents insect and vermin infestations and prevents damage caused by light dust and pollution Shelving units provide physical protection for objects too large awkward or heavy to fit within museum cabinets Specially designed racks accommodate and provide physical protection for hard to store objects Special building systems are available f
6. Refer to the bibliography at the end of this chapter and the Conserve O Gram series for additional information and specific guidance for planning collection storage spaces Separate curatorial office work and research spaces from the space housing your museum collection to minimize environmental impacts on the objects and security risks Refrain from combining storage space with other functions for the following reasons Collection security generally decreases theft mishandling and vandalism increase with storage room visitation and use e People working in the storage area increase the number of air exchanges the area must undergo Air exchanges cause temperature and relative humidity levels to fluctuate resulting in the possible deterioration of objects e Work areas require lighting levels that may cause damage to unprotected light sensitive objects e Movement of people into and within the area tracks in soil and disperses dust into the air which in turn is deposited on surfaces of equipment and objects e The chance of pest infestation increases Store flammable liquids and materials curatorial supplies audiovisual equipment and other interpretive materials outside the museum storage space These actions will reduce the risk of fire and lessen clutter within the storage space Locate research space convenient to but not within the collection storage space Research is one of the fundamental uses of a museum collectio
7. This will limit the need for access by non curatorial staff and minimize security concerns Store only collections in the space Local and national building codes usually rate collection storage space as storage occupancy Locate work office research and supply storage areas close to but not within the storage space Insulate the space so it will maintain a stable environment that protects the objects from adverse temperature and relative humidity conditions and damage from biological infestations Insulate walls to a minimum R 19 rating usually a 6 thickness of spun glass bat insulation and the ceiling to a minimum R 30 rating usually a 9 thickness of spunglass bat insulation Install a vapor barrier in walls ceilings and floors Require woodframe walls to be a minimum of 6 thick constructed with 6 metal or wood studs This thickness of wood frame wall construction provides structural strength and is capable of accommodating the required insulation Use metal hollow core or wooden solid core doors equipped with mortise or key in knob and deadbolt locks for all entrances into the storage space Door hinges should be on the interior side of the door If exterior hinges are used spot weld hinge pins to prevent easy removal NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 6 What design loads should my storage space or facility have NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 e Install rigid foam insulation and a vapor barrier in con
8. User Manual for guidance on establishing a housekeeping plan e Prohibit smoking eating and drinking in the storage space e Implement and follow an IPM program e Routinely dust and vacuum the storage area including cabinets and shelving Vacuum using a High Efficiency Particulate Air HEPA vacuum and dry mop floors to reduce levels of dust and soil NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 FT 2 7 8 Planning Collection Storage Space How should I plan my museum storage space What is a Collection Storage Plan CSP Planning for museum storage is essential to ensure maximum preservation and optimum access to the collection Planning a collection storage space will help ensure that the necessary requirements are met The process of collection storage planning may focus on e the development of a new facility e the rehabilitation or upgrading of an existing space or facility e a specific aspect of museum storage such as determining equipment and space requirements for a collection determining a special layout of equipment or outlining specific techniques for housing museum objects on shelves or in cabinets In the National Park Service the product of collection storage planning may be a Collection Storage Plan CSP or a chapter or section on museum collection storage in a Collection Management Plan CMP a Collection Condition Survey CCS or an archival assessment Regardless of the product some or all of t
9. Collection Preservation and Protection Program MCPP e park or center base funding e park cooperating association donation account e special funding initiatives that may be announced 7 9 2 How do assess physical 7 10 Assessing Collection Storage Needs How do assess the collection security needs To obtain storage planning project funding you must identify the need for a collection storage planning document e in the NPS Checklist for Preservation and Protection of Museum Collections using the Automated Checklist Program in ANCS Identifying the need in the Checklist links the project to the NPS Strategic Plan Goal Ia6 and the Government Performance and Results Act e asa project statement in the Resource Management Plan RMP e as a project statement in the Performance Management Information System PMIS To assess the collection e Examine the entire collection with emphasis on objects designated for storage Also consider all objects that may eventually be placed in the storage space e Note the types of objects the quantities of each object type the relative sizes and required volumes for storage For example consider a hammer and a wagon Both are historical objects and are made of more than one material however each object has different storage requirements and containment needs e Note object types by discipline and material makeup Note the types of objects that are extremely sensi
10. guidelines appropriate storage materials and other procedures related to collections subject to NAGPRA at your park 7 24 NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 Many tribal governments have cultural resource management specialists NAGPRA coordinators museum staff or archeologists who can help you Contact your regional NAGPRA liaison regional SO curator regional ethnographer or the appropriate tribal headquarters for contact information When you ask for help or guidance during the consultation process members of the culturally affiliated organization may not provide it willingly because the discussion of such topics may be offensive or uncomfortable for them Even within one tribe there may be different views on procedures Be aware that this might happen and always show proper respect for these views J Bibliography Albright Gary Storage Enclosures for Photographic Prints and Negatives Conserve O Gram 14 2 Washington D C National Park Service 1993 Bellman Deborah Ring Supports for Pottery and Round Based Objects Conserve O Gram 4 12 Washington D C National Park Service 1998 Chapman Jennifer Storing and Handling Plaster Objects Conserve O Gram 8 2 Washington D C National Park Service 1997 Clark Thurid Storage Supports for Basket Collections Conserve O Gram 5 1 Washington D C National Park Service 1993 Cumberland Donald R Museum Collection Storage in a Historic
11. manual Determine maintenance history of equipment If applicable determine if portable dehumidifiers humidifiers or air purifiers have had an impact on controlling conditions Examine the data on visible and UV light levels in the storage space Check fluorescent lighting to ensure that light filters are installed Use an ultraviolet radiation monitor to take readings to ensure that filters are blocking ultraviolet light If there are windows in the space note if the staff recorded light levels for both winter and summer months blinds curtains or light filters have been installed NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 5 How do l assess museum storage equipment needs NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 e Note levels of dust and possible sources of dust Note the types of dust covers used to protect objects stored on open shelving for example plastic muslin e If available obtain measurements for sulfur dioxide hydrogen sulfide and oxides of nitrogen from the Environmental Protection Agency or a local agency Attempt to identify industry in the area that could produce pollutants that affect the collection If appropriate examine data available on pollutant readings from a number of years Note any trends and describe the existing and potential threats to the collections e Note any current evidence and history of biological infestation Determine if the park has an Integrated Pest Management program in operati
12. provide scholars with access to the collections The centers that specialize in archeological collections include the Southeast Archeological Center in Tallahassee Florida the Midwest Archeological Center in Lincoln Nebraska and the Western Archeological and Conservation Center in Tucson Arizona Other repositories accommodate all types of collections It may be necessary for you to store your collection off site in a NPS regional repository when your park lacks acceptable space to house objects safely qualified curatorial staff to provide day to day care for the collection 7 17 5 What occurs in the evaluation development and recommendation phases of a value analysis 6 What other storage factors should consider 7 18 The National Capital Region and the Alaska Region operate repositories that provide space for the storage of museum collections from parks within the region e Store the collections at a university college museum or other non NPS institution The regional SO curator can assist in making arrangements with non NPS repositories for the storage and curation of collections Institutions that house park museum collections must meet NPS standards and requirements for museum object preservation and protection NPS collections should be clearly identified and kept as separate as possible from the institution s collection e Consolidate storage with another park You may find it necessary or adv
13. should consult their regional SO curator and the Museum Management Program for assistance in gathering material for appendices Examine the existing structure s and space s within each structure that are used for museum collection storage to identify how well they meet the storage standards e Note the structure s construction and fabric wood masonry two story one story e Record the overall dimensions of the space and the ceiling height and type for example 8 dropped ceiling e Note the number and size of access doors measure all doors that objects will pass through e Determine with the assistance of an architect or engineer if the structure has the strength to safely withstand the loads associated with the collections to be stored This is especially important for second floors in a structure Note Ceramics metals paper glass and wood objects in great volumes are very heavy NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 2 How do represent and record information about the storage space and structure NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 Note any characteristics of the structure that would hinder the movement of objects or equipment Stairs impede the movement of objects especially large and heavy ones Such access routes also increase the risk of accidental breakage Note sizes and directional orientation of windows and types of glazing glass Plexiglas acrylic Lexan polycarbonate Note any electri
14. Building Using a Prefabricated Structure Preservation Tech Notes 1 Washington D C National Park Service 1985 Collection Storage Making a Case for Microenvironments CRM Supplement 1 no 4 Washington D C National Park Service 1992 Museum Storage Cabinets Conserve O Gram 4 1 Washington D C National Park Service 1993 Dust Covers for Open Steel Shelving Conserve O Gram 4 2 Washington D C National Park Service 1993 _ Installing the Retrofit Gasket Kit Conserve O Gram 4 3 Washington D C National Park Service 1993 Museum Collection Storage Space Is an Insulated Modular Structure Right For Your Collection Conserve O Gram 4 7 Washington D C National Park Service 1994 Selecting Environmental Control Systems for Insulated Modular Structures Conserve O Gram 4 8 Washington D C National Park Service 1994 Determining Museum Equipment Storage Needs Conserve O Gram 4 10 Washington D C National Park Service 1993 Determining Museum Storage Space Needs Conserve O Gram 4 11 Washington D C National Park Service 1997 NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 7 25 Planning A Research Space Conserve O Gram 4 14 Washington D C National Park Service 1998 Executive Order 11988 Floodplain Management May 24 1977 44 CFR 60 3 Fisher Abby Sue and Quinn Evans Architects Prototype Artifact Storage Structure Instructional Package NPS Tech
15. Chapter 7 Museum Collection Storage Page MAI m E 7 1 What is museum collection storage sssssssssssssssseeeeeeeeeenneeeenn nennen nennen nnns nnne 7 1 How does collection storage fit into my park s preventive conservation program 7 1 What is a collection storage system sssssssssssssssssseeeeeeeeennneee nennen nnne senes nnns 7 1 Standards and Requirements for Collection Storage sssseseee 7 2 What are the museum collection storage standards and requirements suussssss 7 2 Where do start in establishing my collection storage needs essessessessssseeeees 7 3 What are the collection storage facility and space requirements ssessssse 7 3 How do ensure that have adequate space to store the collection sssesssssss 7 3 What general building features contribute to storing the collection useeeeeesesssssssss 7 3 What design loads should my storage space or facility have see eeeeeeeeee cece eeeeeetteeeeeeeeeeteeeaaaes 7 5 Where do find additional information on storage space requirements sseeesssss 7 6 Why should my collection storage space be used exclusively for storing collections 7 6 Where should locate the research space sssssssssssssssssssseeeeee
16. al Park Scale 14 1 0 Floor plan shows existing museum equipment and oversized objects 7 34 NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 Figure 7 6 Cavity Storage Use cavity storage techniques to house small objects in a standard museum cabinet drawer Figure 7 7 Textile Storage Wardrobe museum cabinet storage assemblies for rolled textile objects NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 7 35 7 36 Figure 7 8 Large Objects Housed on Steel Shelving Note that the metal surfaces are lined with polyethylene foam Both plastic and muslin dust covers can be used to protect objects from dust Figure 7 9 Map Cabinet A five drawer map cabinet with a map enclosed in an acid free document folder NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 Figure 7 10 Racks for Large Objects Slotted angle iron can be used to construct racks for furniture and other large objects This versatile material also can be used to fabricate custom designed storage equipment such as the rolling unit for the hallstand shown in this figure Figure 7 11 Painting Storage Painting and framed objects rack constructed of slotted angle iron and 2 mesh welded wire fencing 7 37
17. antageous to arrange to store your collection with a park that has available space and staff to care for it e Make no changes to the existing storage space You should list the reasons why your current storage area meets requirements or list possible consequences to the collection if your storage area does not meet storage requirements In the evaluation phase you assess alternatives for meeting the storage requirements Consider all alternative locations for museum collections storage Visit and examine each possible location and record pertinent data Indicate the potential of each alternative space to satisfy the collection storage requirements You may use the evaluation process used by the NPS called Choosing by Advantages at this phase Incorporate start up and life cycle costs It is important to document the alternatives you evaluate In the development phase you reevaluate the best alternatives In the recommendation phase you select the best alternative Consider the following when planning collection storage e Phase the project to allow improvements to occur as funding becomes available For example rehabilitate the space one year install environmental control equipment and security and fire protection systems in the second year purchase replacement and new equipment in the third year e Prepare appropriate programming documents Refer to Chapters 1 and 12 of this handbook for guidance on NPS planning documents for
18. ated modular structure see description in the NPS Tools of the Trade and in Section G 2 Locate other storage spaces in the park This alternative involves looking at and evaluating other spaces in the building or other buildings in the park Provide a description of the actions needed to adapt space s to conform to NPS storage requirements You may use an insulated modular structure to adapt an alternate location into acceptable space In each instance gather and record the pertinent information you need to assess the appropriateness of the space Use floorplans and other drawings to detail use of the space Refer to Section E 2 for information to be recorded on the floorplan Develop new space either in a dedicated facility or combined with other park functions such as a visitor center or research center Use floorplans and other drawings to detail use of the space Refer to Section E 2 for information to put on the floorplan Investigate off site storage in new or leased space Use floorplans and other drawings to detail use of the space Refer to Section E 2 for information to put on the floorplan Store the collections in a NPS center or regional repository You may house collections in off site storage centers or repositories Several NPS centers specialize in storing collections from archeological projects These centers provide space and manage materials loaned from parks The centers also conduct archeological research and
19. cabinets or on shelving are unstable and are in danger of damage by sliding or rolling Pad cavity pack or cushion objects with appropriate tissue or foam N Objects are stacked and or overcrowded Rearrange or move objects to allow adequate separation O Weight of objects exceeds 50 pound drawer limitation Remove objects as needed P Objects stored in inappropriate cabinet or rack Place objects in appropriate cabinet rack or shelving unit as indicated Figure 7 2b Assessment Codes for Collection Storage Techniques 7 30 NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 Object Specific Q Documents or books are loose and unprotected Place documents in archival folders or envelopes and then in document boxes Place books in rare book boxes see COG 19 2 Place document or rare book boxes in cabinet or on shelving R Photo positives and negatives are loose and unprotected Place photos in appropriate archival photo enclosures and in photo enclosure boxes Boxes can be placed in cabinets or on shelving See COG 4 9 and Tools of the Trade for appropriate usage of enclosures S Maps and oversized prints are stored loose and unprotected Place objects in appropriately sized archival map folders blueprints and cyanotypes go only in unbuffered folders and store flat in appropriate cabinet See COG 19 9 T Framed artwork is stored horizontally or stacked leaning against each other Place artwork on a rack that will separate pieces and store them ve
20. cal service and plumbing fixtures and determine if existing electric service has capacity for add on functions such as air conditioners humidifiers dehumidifiers or additional lighting Note wall coverings dry wall plaster brick paneling Some wall coverings and construction are more fire resistant and secure than others Note type and location of light fixtures incandescent fluorescent combination Prepare a floorplan that indicates the following information dimensions and arrangement of storage areas including structural features that may restrict arrangements of equipment and must be worked around structural posts beams conduit drains location of doors stairs and windows location of electrical service conduit outlets switches fixtures and panel boxes and plumbing pipes valves and drains dimensions and existing location of museum specimen cabinets and shelving including aisle widths location of fire detectors suppression system detectors and sprinkler heads and fire extinguishers stand pipes and any other fire protection equipment location of environmental monitoring and control equipment Security systems and devices are generally not indicated on the floor plan because dissemination of the plan could jeopardize security Refer to Figures 7 3 7 4 and 7 5 for sample floor plans TAS F Planning a New or 4 7 16 Upgraded Storage Space How do I determine the storage equipment
21. crete floors on grade Make sure the level of the top of the concrete slab is at least 6 above the grade level of the soil e Seal concrete floors with a vapor proof epoxy or urethane paint or cover with dust impervious commercial composition quarry or ceramic tiles Use dust impervious commercial composition quarry or ceramic tiles as a floor finish over plywood sub floor sheathing Make sure all electrical systems and equipment are UL listed and installed in full compliance with local and national electrical codes You will need outlets to power supplemental environmental conditioning equipment to allow for any task lighting and to allow for use of vacuum cleaners e Make sure the space is free of ambient light sources that can damage objects Use non quartz halogen incandescent or UV filtered fluorescent lighting and do not exceed 200 lux or 20 footcandles Turn lights off when the storage space is unoccupied e Paint walls and ceiling with paint containing titanium dioxide pigment Paint with titanium dioxide will absorb ultraviolet radiation emitted by ambient or artificial lighting Your storage facility or space should be designed or modified to meet the following requirements and recommendations e Use space capable of sustaining a live floor load of 150 pounds per square foot Floors constructed to a lesser load capacity may be considered if you install spot load supports usually post supports from below and arrange equipm
22. e eliminates biological infestations by insect and rodent pests Refer to Chapters 4 and 5 for guidance on monitoring and controlling the collection storage environment and on establishing an Integrated Pest Management IPM Program to monitor pest activity 14 What are museum storage The use of specialized storage equipment and containers will help you equipment and container preserve and effectively manage your museum collection The use of requirements proper storage cabinets shelves racks and containers will make it easier to use the space and access the collection Storage equipment will prevent damage from agents of deterioration Appropriate storage containers buffer the objects from their immediate environment by being chemically stable and neutral and by providing physical protection NPS Tools of the Trade provides a list of materials and equipment suitable for managing museum collections It also provides a vendor address list Refer to Section G and the bibliography of this chapter for specifics on collection storage equipment and containers 15 Does housekeeping have a Yes Because museum objects are stored in a separate dedicated space and role in collection storage not always on view to staff there is always the possibility of neglect Good housekeeping in storage spaces is essential to a park s preventive conservation program You should e Establish and follow a museum housekeeping plan Refer to Chapter 13 and the ANCS
23. e intact gaskets to provide good sealing action have smooth operating doors and have working keyed or combination lock mechanisms Early museum specimen cabinets used polyurethane foam gaskets that deteriorate over time or felt gaskets that may contain toxic insecticides You should replace these gaskets See COG 4 3 Installing the Retrofit Gasket Kit Keep loads in museum cabinet drawers below 50 pounds Don t stack museum cabinets more than two high Raise museum cabinets and shelving units off the floor at least four inches preferably six inches Raising cabinets off the floor reduces the chances of damage to objects in case of flooding It also facilitates the cleaning of floors and inspection for pests Use closed cell polyethylene foam in museum cabinet drawers and on shelving to cushion objects Prevent museum objects from sliding or shifting when drawers are opened by stabilizing objects in specimen trays by padding with foam or by cavity packing Refer to the NPS Tools of the Trade for sources of foam and museum specimen trays Assign and affix a unique number to all shelving units individual shelves cabinets and individual cabinet drawers This will help you locate museum objects NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 H Using Containers and Supports 1 Why is it important to use storage containers and supports 2 What kinds of containers and supports should I use for storing museum collections NPS Mus
24. eeeee nnne nnns 7 6 Where should locate work and office spaces ssssssssssssssssssseeeeeeeenneeenn nennen 7 6 How do establish proper physical security for the collection storage space 7 6 How important is fire protection in the storage space sssssssssen 7 6 What should the collection storage environment be ssssssssssseeeenennns 7 7 What are museum storage equipment and container requirements eeeeeeesesssssssss 7 7 Does housekeeping have a role in collection storage sssssssssss nnmnnn 7 7 Planning Collection Storage Space ssssssssssssseseeeeeeeee nennen nnn nnns 7 8 How should plan my museum storage space ssssssssssssseeeeenee nennen nennen 7 8 What is a Collection Storage Plan CSP ceeccceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeeseeeaaeeeeeeeseeeeaaaes 7 8 What does the collection storage chapter or section of a CMP CCS or archival assessment contain ussessssssssssssssssseseeennnn nennen n nnn nnne nn nnns nnns nsns sns nsns 7 9 Who can write a collection storage planning document sssssssseeeennnns 7 9 How much does a storage planning document cost ssssssssssse nnns 7 9 Where do get funding to do a collection storage planning document ssssssssss 7 9 Assessing Collection Storage Needs
25. ent to take advantage of existing structural supports usually equipment arranged around the perimeter of a room close to load bearing walls Consult a structural engineer to determine the suitability of a floor and the placement of supports and equipment A live floor load of 200 250 pounds per square foot is recommended if you use a moveable aisle compactor storage system Consult a structural engineer to determine the required load rating for a floor supporting collections of exceptional weight e Design and construct roofs of storage spaces or facilities to accommodate the snow load of the area Design or retrofit structures in areas of seismic activity to minimize earthquake damage e Consider reinforced concrete or masonry construction with a wind load rating of 110 miles per hour or higher for new construction of stand alone storage facilities in areas susceptible to severe wind conditions Fasten roofs to the wall and or foundation structural components so the roof can withstand hurricane force winds 7 5 7 10 11 12 7 6 Where do find additional information on storage space requirements Why should my collection storage space be used exclusively for storing collections Where should I locate the research space Where should locate work and office spaces How do I establish proper physical security for the collection storage space How important is fire protection in the storage space
26. es should be constructed to meet the following requirements 73 TA Make sure the storage space is not located on a 100 year floodplain This is in accordance with Executive Order 11988 Floodplain Management May 24 1977 42 USC 4321 and Natural Resources Management Guideline NPS 77 Use space that is constructed of fire resistant or fireproof materials Wood framed walls and ceilings should be constructed with gypsum wallboard to achieve a minimum one hour fire rating some codes may require a two hour fire rating Use space with as few windows and doors as practical to enhance security and environmental control but not so few as to be in violation of health safety and fire codes See National Fire Protection Association NFPA 101 Life Safety Codes 1997 Edition and OSHA Standard 1910 36 General Requirements Means of Egress Use space with as few exterior walls as practical This will minimize the chance of condensation on walls and windows during seasonal and diurnal temperature changes enhance security and increase energy efficiency Make sure the space is free of water and sewer pipes and valves that can burst or leak and cause damage Note Water lines associated with fire suppression systems are allowed Spaces equipped with fire sprinkler systems should have adequate floor drain s with backflow check valve s Make sure space is free of electric junction boxes gas and electric meters and gas lines
27. ess do use to evaluate potential storage locations eeseesesssssssssssss 7 16 What storage space alternatives should be examined ssss 7 16 What occurs in the evaluation development and recommendation phases of a value analysis 7 18 What other storage factors should consider cccceeeeeeeeeceneeeeeeeeeeeeecaaeeeeeeeeeeteetaaeeeeeeeetneed 7 18 Housing Museum Objects ssssssssssssssssseeeeeeeeeee nnne nnn nnn nnnnnnner nsns nn nnns 7 19 Why is it important to use specialized museum storage equipment sssseeees 7 19 What types of equipment does the NPS use for storing museum collections 7 19 What are some general considerations when using museum equipment sssssusss 7 20 Using Containers and Supports sssssssssssssssssseseneeee enne nnns nnn nennen nnns 7 21 Why is it important to use storage containers and supports sssssssses 7 21 What kinds of containers and supports should use for storing museum collections 7 21 Where do find information on techniques for storing different types of museum objects 7 22 Storage of Museum Collections Subject to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 NAGPRA sssssssssssssssssseeeee nnn 7 22 WhatiSI NAGPRA 5 ssec EHE et eite e
28. etter and legal size manuscript folders and map folders for oversize items See MH I Appendix J and Tools of the Trade Photo Enclosures Photo enclosures of acid free unbuffered paper are used to house photographic prints and negatives Various sizes and varieties including sleeve type sealed on three sides and folding type 4 fold are available See MH I Appendix R and Tools of the Trade Bags Polyethylene interlocking zipper seal bags can be used to house archeological materials and other small artifacts for storage in archival boxes and cabinets for cold storage of some photographic materials and as protection from pests Avoid the use of bags developed for food storage and home use because of printing inks and dyes Bags for the storage of museum objects are available through Tools of the Trade See MH 1 Appendix I and Tools of the Trade 7 21 3 Where do I find information on techniques for storing different types of museum objects l Storage of Museum Collections Subject to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 NAGPRA 1 7 22 What is NAGPRA Liners To protect objects from coming into contact with metal drawers or shelves a 4 thick polyethylene foam such as Volara or Plastazote may be used asaliner This foam is inert closed cell and resistant to moisture See Tools of the Trade Cavity Packing Polyethylene foams can also be used to cavity pack certa
29. eum Handbook Part I 2001 Museum storage containers and supports provide a buffer between the object and its immediate environment Archival quality containers and supports not only increase the level of preservation but also can help organize the collection Boxes Archival boxes come in a variety of types shapes and sizes Most are made of acid free buffered board Inert corrugated polypropylene or polyethylene boxes are often used to store archeological materials The corrugated plastic boxes are stronger and give additional protection from water damage Archival boxes can be used to store records artifacts rare books documents prints photographs and textiles See Museum Handbook Part I MH I Appendices J K and R and Tools of the Trade Specimen Trays Specimen trays are made of buffered acid free board They can be used to hold artifacts and natural history specimens in museum cabinets and for layered storage in archival boxes A variety of sizes are available Alkaline buffered paper can damage pigments and proteins in bird and mammal specimens Use unbuffered acid free materials or line buffered trays with polyethylene sheeting to block the direct migration of alkalis See MH I Appendix T and Tools of the Trade Folders Archival folders are composed of acid free buffered cardstock material and are used to house and protect historic documents Folders come in many types including file folders both l
30. filiated The law requires federal agencies and museums that receive federal funds to conduct inventories and summaries of such items in their collections e repatriate return items identified pursuant to NAGPRA to the appropriate lineal descendants culturally affiliated Indian tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations if requested NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 2 What types of items subject to NAGPRA are found in NPS museum collections 3 Are there any special storage requirements for items subject to NAGPRA 4 How should I store collections subject to NAGPRA NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 Items repatriated pursuant to NAGPRA must be deaccessioned in accordance with Museum Handbook Part II MH II Chapter 6 Section N Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act For additional information concerning NAGPRA see MH I Appendix A MH II Chapter 6 Section N and Cultural Resource Management Guideline Appendix R Your park s museum collection may contain items subject to NAGPRA such as human remains pottery beads prayer bundles clothing weapons pipes or other funerary sacred and cultural objects that are determined to belong to one or more lineal descendants Indian tribes Native Alaskan villages or corporations or Native Hawaiian organizations The culturally affiliated organization or lineal descendant with standing may request the repatriation of these items The individual t
31. gers Conserve O Gram 4 5 Washington D C National Park Service 1994 Montgomery Allan L Modifying Museum Storage Cabinets Conserve O Gram 4 13 Washington D C National Park Service 1998 National Fire Protection Association NFPA 101 Life Safety Code 1997 Edition Quincy Mass NFPA 1997 NFPA 909 Standard for the Protection of Cultural Resources including Museums Libraries Places of Worship and Historic Properties 1997 ed Quincy Mass NFPA 1997 National Park Service Director s Order 58 Structural Fire Management Washington D C National Park Service 2001 Floodplain Management and Wetland Protection Guidelines Washington D C National Park Service 1997 Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA Standard 1910 36 General Requirements Means of Egress Washington DC OSHA n d Ritzenthaler Mary Lynn Archival Fundamental Series Preserving Archives and Manuscripts Chicago Society of American Archivists 1993 7 26 NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 Rose Carolyn L and Amparo R de Torres eds Storage of Natural History Collections Ideas and Practical Solutions Washington D C Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections 1992 Rose Carolyn L Catharine A Hawks and Hugh M Genoways eds Storage of Natural History Collections A Preventive Conservation Approach Washington D C Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections 1995
32. he elements of a CSP described below are incorporated into the planning process A Collection Storage Plan CSP is an official stand alone document developed to help a park or center improve the storage conditions for a museum collection It may be prepared to solve specific storage problems guide renovation of an existing space into collection storage or guide the design of a new facility A CSP must include the following core elements e adetermination of the size of storage space needed e a determination and listing of specialized storage equipment needed e a floor plan illustrating a recommended layout of equipment e an assessment of object storage techniques and methods and recommendations for improvement e a solution for park specified or urgent storage problems A CSP may also include the following e an assessment of the nature of the collection e an assessment of the existing collection storage facility and or space s NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 3 What does the collection storage chapter or section of a CMP CCS or archival assessment contain 4 Who can write a collection storage planning document 5 How much does a storage planning document cost 6 Where do I get funding to do a collection storage planning document NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 e an assessment of the existing storage conditions in comparison with NPS standards and requirements for storage e identification and discuss
33. he housekeeping program for the space vacuum cleaner mops buckets brooms dust mops 7 13 6 7 E 7 14 How do I assess object storage techniques and methods Where do include technical supporting information and drawings such as floor plans in the storage planning document Assessing the Current Collection Storage Facility or Space How do I assess the existing storage facility or space Use the following guidance for assessing object storage techniques and methods e Note the condition and appropriateness of equipment used e Note how types of objects are organized in cabinets racks and shelves Indicate if objects are crowded or stacked e Note how individual objects are contained Indicate whether containers are appropriate and provide adequate physical protection A Are objects stable and set securely in their containers Are objects adequately cushioned to prevent them from moving or sliding when being accessed e Make recommendations for improving storage techniques You may wish to use the assessment worksheet and observation recommendation codes in Figure 7 2 to simplify the assessment process Refer to Figure 7 2a for a sample worksheet Refer to Figure 7 2b for assessment codes Use appendices or attachments for technical information such as product source information environmental monitoring data illustrations for constructing specialized equipment and floor plans Preparers
34. ic UM 7 22 What types of items subject to NAGPRA are found in NPS museum collections 7 23 Are there any special storage requirements for items subject to NAGPRA uueusss 7 23 How should store collections subject to NAGPRA sssssssssssseeeeeeeeeenee nennen 7 23 Whom should contact for assistance sessssssssssssssssssesseee e e e 7 24 Bibliography nete Hee Lote a bote e Lote tel el hel el tel uta 7 25 Listot Figures o oon t eee ete eee el Do el bel eel el bel dl erit 7 28 CHAPTER 7 MUSEUM COLLECTION STORAGE A Overview 1 What is museum collection storage 2 How does collection storage fit into my park s preventive conservation program 3 What is a collection storage system NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 Museum collection storage is both a space and a process e tis space that you dedicate to storing museum objects natural history specimens and archival items It is space that is either designed or upgraded for the maximum protection and optimum use of the collection e tis the process of properly containing and caring for the museum collection while it is in the collection storage space Each decision you make about storage should consider how changes would improve the protection and preservation of the museum collection Good collection storage is a major component of a preventive conservation program to preserve your
35. in objects Cavity packing creates secure compartments for objects Spaces the size and shapes of the objects are cut from the foam to restrict movement and give support and easy access See MH I Appendix I and NPS Tools of the Trade Cradle Mounts Polyethylene foams are also used to create cradle mounts These mounts are used to support structurally weak objects in order to alleviate stress on the weakest points The foam is cut to the shape of the object and gives it a secure base to rest on See MH I Appendices I and P The appendices in this handbook and the Conserve O Gram series address the curatorial care of different types of objects specimens and archival collections The appendices provide guidance on techniques for housing museum objects in storage The selected bibliography included in each appendix provides additional references for the care and storage of each type of material Tools of the Trade and the appendices list the recommended materials to use Figures 7 6 7 11 illustrate some of the equipment and techniques for storing museum objects The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990 25 USC Chapter 32 addresses the rights of lineal descendants culturally affiliated Indian tribes including Native Alaskan villages or corporations or Native Hawaiian organizations to certain Native American human remains funerary objects sacred objects and objects of cultural patrimony with which they are af
36. including office space and research and work areas Museum collections require suitable and sufficient space The space you select for museum storage must be adequate to accommodate the particular characteristics and quantity of objects specimens and archival items you have in your collection and provide adequate space to accommodate reasonable growth of the collection Organize the space to allow for the efficient use of curatorial equipment and techniques and to provide for effective access and optimum preservation of the museum collection House objects in appropriate containers and package objects with appropriate materials NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 2 Where do start in establishing my collection storage needs 3 What are the collection storage facility and space requirements 4 How do ensure that have adequate space to store the collection 5 What general building features contribute to storing the collection NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 Complete the NPS Checklist for Preservation and Protection of Museum Collections See Appendix F NPS Museum Collections Management Checklists This checklist helps you evaluate your collection storage needs in the following areas e facility and space requirements e protection requirements physical security and fire protection e environmental requirements e museum equipment and container requirements e housekeeping requirements You complete the checkl
37. ion of storage space alternatives The specific nature of the collection and the availability of funding and staffing are factors to consider when selecting alternative storage options The storage chapter or section of a CMP CCS or archival assessment contains some or all of the elements of a CSP However it is incorporated into the larger report instead of being a stand alone document For objectivity and diversity of views NPS curatorial staff from outside the park usually prepare a collection storage planning document You can also procure the services of a museum professional or architectural engineering firm with expertise in collection storage planning Contact the regional or support office SO curator for guidance on writing a storage planning document The Museum Management Program can provide examples of a CSP Producing a basic CSP incorporating the core elements requires funds for e approximately 2 4 weeks of the preparer s time e travel and expenses for a 1 2 week site visit e printing and duplicating the document To produce a CSP with more than the core elements will require additional time and increased costs Consult the Cost Estimates Figure in Appendix F NPS Museum Collections Checklists for a current estimated cost to produce a CSP or storage planning document Possible funding sources to produce collection storage planning documents include e Cultural Resources Preservation Program CRPP e Museum
38. ist using the Automated Checklist Program found in the Utilities Module of ANCS See Appendix G in the ANCS User Manual for more information Facility and space requirements deal with space adequacy construction features and design loads for collection storage Make sure the collection has suitable and sufficient space for proper storage Suitable space is planned space that has been evaluated for its adequacy for storing museum objects Outbuildings closets and unimproved basements and attics are not suitable space These inadequate spaces rarely contribute to the preservation and effective use of a collection The following guidance elaborates or expands on the standards in Appendix F The storage space must be large enough to accommodate the existing collection as well as the projected growth of the collection over the next 10 years Your space should e allow use of proper storage equipment and techniques e incorporate aisles at least 48 wide between rows of equipment this width allows safe handling and movement of drawers cabinet doors and larger objects Make sure the space allows movement of personnel equipment and objects in and out without hindrances such as inadequately sized doors narrow winding or steep stairs or passageways with low ceilings Carefully plan and organize your storage space to make the collection easy to access for study exhibition or accountability Collection storage facilities and spac
39. lan of Proposed Museum Collection and Library Center at Grand Canyon National Park Drawn with AutoCAD Computer Assisted Design Program NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 7 32 OSYM NOISIAIG S39IAH3S WIHOLVYND Q g L d31V9S 886L HOuVIN QNVTH3SINPCIO d A8 NMVHG NOILOAS 39VHOLIS NOILO3TIOO TIVL3Gd MYVd IWNOILVN NOANVO QNVHO ADVYOLS NOILOATIOO xovu SOVHOLS LHW IN H 96 X Q 8v X M 96 MOVH 3TONV GSLLO1S 1 SZZY X SLES LANIGVO dYN 13NigvO ALMA VS9 f S431 440 VI 3DI1va3n2 S3231440 ANVNSTI 1HOI3H H31NnOO 13NIBVO ADOTONOLNA JAIMAN 13NIBVO A90 OWOLNS H HOIH OML LHDISH HSLNNOD L3NI8VO ADOTOWOLNA 9 HOIH OML LHOI3H H31NDOO LANIGVO INDIHVEH3H H ve X ve LINN ONIAT3HS 1331 3 9 X ve LINN ONIAT3HS 1331 A LANISVO WNASNW a3goudavM 9 LANISVO WNASNW adiMaanoa 8 HSIH OML L3NI8VO WNASNW QHVONVIS V V3evosDA VIS van V3elV HAV 3S 38 3D JUDE yy AAVAET SOVAOLS TS TESTS TEE STO TIePT Te EISE oly Te NDIIIL23311D3 Figure 7 4 Floor Plan of Proposed Museum Collection Space at Grand Canyon National Park Drawn with AutoCAD Computer Assisted Design Program 7 33 NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 A Standard NPS Herbarium Cabinet H84 W27 D19v2 B Standard NPS Museum Specimen Cabinet Stacked H74 W29 D3214 C Tub CS l Skis a
40. le to house the collections as well as the cost both in funds and staff time available The levels of containment in a collection storage system are illustrated in Figure 7 1 Each level adds additional protection to your collection by shielding it from the agents of deterioration Museum collections require special storage conditions Standards and requirements for managing museum property are based on Departmental and NPS policy and professional museum practices The Interior Departmental Manual Part 411 Policies and Standards for Managing Museum Collections Chapter 3 provides departmental standards for museum property storage The NPS Management Policies p 5 13 states The National Park Service will employ the most effective concepts techniques and equipment to protect cultural resources against theft fire vandalism environmental impacts and other threats without compromising their integrity or unduly limiting their appreciation by the public The NPS Checklist for Preservation and Protection of Museum Collections provides general standards for collection preservation and protection See Appendix F NPS Museum Collections Management Checklists NPS collection storage standards can be summarized as follows Safe and secure storage of museum collections requires dedicated space You must use museum storage areas only for museum collections To the extent possible separate museum storage from all other uses
41. ls of the existing space e Note the type of existing environmental monitoring equipment hygrothermograph hygrometer 7 11 7 12 Check to ensure that environmental monitoring equipment is properly calibrated and maintained Examine the data recorded on temperature and relative humidity within the storage space In particular note the following information annual maximum and minimum temperature readings and relative humidity levels monthly maximum and minimum temperature readings and relative humidity levels maximum diurnal 24 hour fluctuation for temperature and relative humidity on a monthly and an annual basis Answer the following questions Dothe records indicate the maintenance of a proper environment Do building features such as the climate control system heating ventilating air conditioning HV AC or superior insulation and vapor barrier contribute to maintaining the environment Dothe records indicate diurnal changes if HVAC equipment is turned off after working hours Note the type of HVAC air handling system in use oil fired furnace heat pump central air Note whether the system is dedicated to controlling the environment within the storage space or the entire structure In particular note the following information location of the thermostat location of air supply and return registers how the air is filtered Obtain manufacturer s equipment operating
42. museum collection A well planned and organized storage space reduces the risk to the object Deterioration damage or loss will be minimized if you have e proper storage techniques e good handling practices see Chapter 6 e effective security and fire protection see Chapter 9 e appropriate environmental conditions see Chapter 4 e a pest free environment see Chapter 5 A well planned and organized storage space also ensures that the objects are accessible When you place an object on exhibit you usually compromise the conditions that are best for preservation However collection storage is a different matter You can achieve ideal preservation conditions for objects that you keep in storage Preserving museum objects in storage involves evaluating the total museum storage system housing the collection A collection storage system is the protective envelope surrounding the collection It includes three levels of containment e the facility or space e the equipment e the containers 7 1 72 Standards and Requirements for Collection Storage What are the museum collection storage standards and requirements Although museum collection storage varies from park to park the factors that need to be considered to properly house a collection remain the same Evaluate each level of the system and adapt it to meet your park s specific collection preservation and protection needs Be practical and evaluate the space availab
43. n and the space for the research function has specific requirements Refer to the Museum Handbook Part III MH III Appendix D Guidance on Planning for a Research Space for information on planning your research space Like research space work and curatorial office areas should be convenient to but not included in the storage space for the reasons stated in number 8 above Your collection must have appropriate security You will need to conduct an assessment of the security risks to the stored collection Refer to Chapter 9 of this handbook for details on conducting a risk assessment and for specific security guidance Collection storage houses the majority of the museum collection and that space must be assured the safeguard of early fire detection and suppression and prior planning to guarantee the safety of the collection and the personnel who use and care for it Refer to Chapter 9 of this handbook for information on conducting a fire risk assessment and for specific fire protection guidance NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 13 What should the collection Your storage space should maintain an environment conducive to museum storage environment be object preservation A proper collection storage environment is one that e controls the range of temperature and relative humidity e reduces the fluctuations of temperature and relative humidity e prevents damage resulting from air pollutants e prevents damage resulting from light
44. nd D Ski Poles C Sears Humidifier Stored on H28 W272 D1912 NS Top D 5 Drawer Filing Cabinet H58 W15 D26 E 5 Drawer Legal Insulated Filing Cabinet H5434 W21 2 D3112 F Unicor Steel Shelving Unit with Locking Double Doors and Moveable Shelves H6212 W35 D3112 G Flat File 3 5 Drawer Sections with Top and Base Stacked H51 Stacked W54 D42 H Unicor Steel Shelving Unit with No Doors and Moveable Shelves H62V W352 D3112 Hygrothermograph J Plant Presses K Oversized Objects on Floor and Against Wall N Canoe Paddles Stored on Top Shovel on Top mn Cr Ha Box of REESE Geological Canoe 9 Model RE Specimens n Note Subscript numbers e g ri refer to numbers assigned to storage units mn o BTR ELSE tt TE ETE TTT LTTE FEET AP EEC EEL EEE Concrete Block Exterior Wall es 110 Volt Electrical Outlet L Interior Drywall m Fire Extinguisher on Studs ABC 8 Light Switch COLLECTION STORAGE Existing Storage Room Floor Plan Showing Museum Equipment and Oversized Objects Drawn by Anthony M Knapp Scale V4 1 0 Prepared by Curatorial Services Division WASO Voyageurs National Park Date March 1987 Figure 7 5 Floor Plan of Museum Collection Storage Room at Voyageurs Nation
45. needed How do I determine how much space is needed to store my collection What process do use to evaluate potential storage locations What storage space alternatives should be examined Use the information you gathered in your assessment of storage needs Section D and your assessment of the current storage space Section E to plan your new or improved storage space Only after you determine how much equipment you need and the space you need to house that equipment can you adequately assess storage locations and spaces Refer to COG 4 10 Determining Museum Storage Equipment Needs for guidance on determining equipment needs Refer to COG 4 11 Determining Collection Storage Space Requirements to determine your space requirements You will need to conduct a value analysis of the collection storage function if you find that your current storage space is too small to house the collection or if for other reasons the current space is unsuitable See Value Engineering Guideline NPS 90 for information on conducting a value analysis In simplest terms a value analysis is the process of defining the problem exploring solutions to the problem and deciding on the best solution Policy requires that you complete a formal value analysis for renovations or new facilities costing over 500 000 You may also do an informal value analysis for small to medium sized collection storage spaces costing less than 500 000
46. nical Publication National Park Service and Quinn Evans Architects 1996 Guynes David and Kim Robinson Creating A Microenvironment for Oversized Museum Objects Conserve O Gram 4 4 Washington D C National Park Service 1993 Hall Kathy Storage Concerns for Geological Specimens Conserve O Gram 11 2 Washington D C National Park Service 1998 Hilberry John D and Susan Kalb Weinberg Museum Collection Storage Museum News May 1995 7 21 June 1995 5 23 and July 1995 49 60 Washington D C American Association of Museums Johnson E Verner and Joanne C Horgan Museum Collections Storage Paris France United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO 1979 Johnson E Verner and Joanne C Horgan Planning and Design of Museum Collection Storage Facilities Boston E Verner Johnson and Associates Inc 1990 Knapp Anthony M Storage Techniques for Canoe Paddles and Long Handled Tools Conserve O Gram 4 6 Washington D C National Park Service 1994 Knapp Anthony M and Pam West Storage Screens for Paintings Conserve O Gram 12 1 Washington D C National Park Service 1993 Kilby Virginia Buffered and Unbuffered Storage Materials Conserve O Gram 4 9 Washington D C National Park Service 1994 Lewis Ralph H Manual for Museums Washington D C National Park Service 1976 Merritt Jane Storage Techniques for Hanging Garments Padded Han
47. note any areas in the storage space where security is compromised For example is there easy access from an adjoining space such as through a dropped ceiling e Note if a visitor researcher log is used and maintained Use the following guidance in assessing the fire protection system e Conduct a fire protection risk assessment as described in Chapter 9 e Note any extant fire protection system Include type of system wet pipe sprinkler water mist Halon ionization smoke heat activated serving the space e Determine how the detection alarm is monitored the responsible party for responding to an alarm and the response time e Check to ensure that the park s Structural Fire Plan is current and consistent with Director s Order 58 Structural Fire Guidelines The plan should clearly identify the pre suppression actions for the responding authorities for example how to enter the storage space or the priority list for evacuating objects e Identify the number types and locations of hand held fire extinguishers Check extinguisher inspection tags and labels to be sure extinguishers are maintained e Identify the closest water supply available to suppress a fire In order to assess the collection storage environmental needs e Become familiar with the information on environmental monitoring and control found in Chapter 4 e Note the readings at the time of the site visit for temperature relative humidity and light leve
48. ollection storage facility that is economical to construct efficient to operate and effective in creating appropriate environmental conditions The building system is made of superinsulated foam core metal sheathed panels It should be used only inside a host structure Refer to NPS Preservation Tech Note Museum Collection Storage in an Historic Building Using a Prefabricated Structure CRM Supplement Collection Storage Making a Case for 7 19 Microenvironments COG 4 7 Museum Collection Storage Space Is an Insulated Modular Structure Right for your Collection and COG 4 8 Selecting Environmental Control Systems for Insulated Modular Structures listed in the bibliography of this chapter These publications provide discussions and give guidance in using this special building system for museum storage The NPS Tools of the Trade provides information on sources for this building system 3 What are some general Consider the following when using museum storage equipment considerations when using museum equipment 7 20 In planning for cabinets and shelving examine all objects in the collection To the extent possible organize objects by material type and size rather than by provenience or accession catalog information Ideally do not install cabinets and shelving units against exterior walls This arrangement may lead to condensation inside the cabinets Ensure that museum cabinets are free of rust hav
49. on Note data that staff has recorded on types of pests in the traps Use the following guidance in assessing the storage equipment e List the types of existing storage equipment museum storage and specimen cabinets map cabinets file cabinets shelving painting racks specialty racks high density storage systems See NPS Tools of the Trade for equipment types and descriptions e Note the manufacturer and model number of each type of equipment If the equipment is non standard note its size width depth and height e Note the condition of the equipment operation of locks condition of gaskets evidence of rust dents holes scratches e List any equipment you will need to replace e Note if additional museum equipment is needed Are there museum objects that need to be contained e Determine if you will need specialized equipment or adaptations to equipment to house specific types of objects or make more effective use of the space For example additional space might be provided by installing a high density storage system or by installing racks to make optimum use of vertical storage space or to store objects on a wall e Determine if a rearrangement of the equipment could better use the existing space e Note the types and numbers of equipment used to monitor temperature and relative humidity and types of portable equipment used to achieve required environmental levels e Note the type of equipment that is used in t
50. onal Park 7 33 Floor plan of Museum Collection Storage Room at Voyageurs National Park Scale 4 1 0 7 34 Cavity Storage oci etd edic entere e orn r elena te beoe erede rat 7 35 Textile Storage 0 eG EDI UI eU be due SEE tp E RM eR tr eet e 7 35 Large Objects Housed on Steel Shelving eeeeseesseeeseeeeeeeee nennen nennen nene 7 36 Map Cabinet x og hich nd RE RDU E E E OR diee atest 7 36 Racks tor Larse ODJects io ee e ge eget e cbe ettet bee ere ERR esto 7 37 Painting Storages eto e A A eS ate 7 37 NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 Level I Facility structure e spaces within the structure e systems or infrastructure mechanical electrical utility Level II Museum Equipment Furniture e cabinets e shelving e specialized furniture and racks Level III Containers folders sleeves envelopes specimen trays boxes mounts supports Figure 7 1 Levels of Containment in a Collection Storage System FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UPGRADING STORAGE TECHNIQUES FOR EXISTING STORAGE UNITS Storage Unit Type Drawer Shelf Corrections Cabinet Standard Cabinet Cabinet 2 Standard Cabinet Cabinet 3 Standard Cabinet Figure 7 2a Example Assessment Worksheet NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 7 29 Assessment Code Cabinet Shelving Unit Specific indicate cabinet or shelving type A Gasket is damaged wrong type or ineffecti
51. or creating quality space inside other structures Cabinetry The NPS uses three primary types of cabinets to form a basic modular system that facilitates efficient organization and access to the objects Refer to COG 4 4 Modular Concept of Museum Specimen Storage Cabinets These three cabinets are the standard museum cabinet the doublewide museum cabinet and the wardrobe cabinet In addition there are entomology and herbarium cabinets map cabinets large flat storage cabinets and utility cabinets Refer to the NPS Tools of the Trade for descriptions and sources of available museum cabinetry Shelving Several types of shelving are available Refer to the NPS Tools of the Trade for descriptions uses and sources of available museum shelving Steel shelving units pallet racks and slotted angle racks are frequently used Steel shelving is recommended for boxed archival and manuscript collections Pallet racks and slotted angle racks are particularly useful for storing furnishings and other larger heavier items Slotted angle racks are constructed using lengths of metal angle that can be custom cut You can configure and construct a slotted angle rack for objects with specific support or space requirements You can use metal panels or plywood coated with a water based two component epoxy or water based aliphatic urethane paint for shelf decking Prefabricated Modular Structures A prefabricated building system can be used to create a c
52. ribe or organization requesting repatriation may be unable to take immediate possession of the materials or they might prefer that certain items continue to be housed at your park Under these circumstances the individual tribe or organization with standing may want to be involved in determining how the items are preserved and stored at your park Park management and staff will need to consult with parties with standing Confer with your park and regional NAGPRA coordinator once such a request is made You should treat collections subject to NAGPRA with great sensitivity because of their cultural significance sacred importance and the fact that many of these materials were collected without the consent of descendants tribal leaders elders or traditional religious leaders Because of their special status you may need to separate collections subject to NAGPRA from other museum collections Consult with the lineal descendants culturally affiliated Indian tribes Native Alaskan villages or corporations or Native Hawaiian organizations concerning access storage and use Accommodate the affiliated organizations or descendants requirements where possible and institute any needed revisions to your park s Museum Collection Access Procedures planning documents and standard operating procedures Protect collections subject to NAGPRA from fire theft pests and environmental and other threats as you would any other museum object Ho
53. rtically See COG 12 1 Use dust covers U Unframed artwork and large documents are stored loose and unprotected Interleave items with archival bond paper and place in print boxes Boxes can be stored either in cabinets or on shelving V Artwork framed with acidic matboard Consult with conservator regarding rematting with archival matboard W Organic and inorganic materials are stored in close proximity Separate dissimilar materials e g metals from proteinaceous organics such as leather fur silk and store materials with similar requirements together ideally in cabinets devoted to each material type X Objects stored in containers or labeled with tags made of acidic materials Replace acidic containers or tags with ones made of archival materials Y Objects have active deterioration mold or physical damage Conservation survey should be requested Z Evidence of pest infestation observed Integrated Pest Management program needs to be implemented or improved XX Other as indicated Proper Storage Figure 7 2b Assessment Codes for Collection Storage Techniques continued NPS Museum Handbook Part I 2001 731 a rg t OF 0 02 i S 0 1334 S33144D WI sns snos 84391440 Aayar 900 ONIGVO1 0333403 3OvaDlS LIVDES3AIS Sani d E Wrsolvaensa SS j v3dav H28V3S 3el AADA AMNVSSITT SAOVLS 3AIHOUV ASIVSIET I V JISDEIOUAN I1VvDH33AIS 39v301s NDILJ3TIU2 Figure 7 3 General Floor P
54. tive to the influences of temperature and relative humidity light and air pollution e Identify the types and approximate quantities of objects that the park plans to acquire in the future Study the park s approved Scope of Collection Statement for this information In addition consider the return of outgoing loans and temporary transfers and future archeological and natural science research projects that may increase the size of the collection Use the following guidance in assessing the physical security needs e Conduct a physical security risk assessment as described in Chapter 9 e Note any extant intrusion alarm system type location of sensors nature of monitoring who responds and response time serving the space NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 3 How do assess fire protection needs 4 How do assess environmental monitoring and control needs NPS Museum Handbook Part I 1999 e Note the construction and locking mechanisms of doorframes and doors metal solid core wooden wooden hollow core dead bolt locks e Note how windows are secured latches plywood covered bars e Identify the park staff who have keys to storage areas and park staff who require access but are not issued keys Note whether staff members from other divisions need to enter or pass through the area to access major junction boxes or cleaning supplies e Note any other functions that occur in the storage space e If applicable
55. ve Install retrofit gasket kit See COG 4 3 B Cabinet has nolock Install sash lock or other locking device C Cabinet or unit is damaged Repair or replace as required D Cabinet or unit is dusty or dirty Vacuum or wipe interior and exterior of cabinet or unit E Cabinet or unit paint surface is chipped scratched or rusty Repaint with water based urethane or epoxy paint F Cabinet is directly on floor or shelving unit bottom shelf is not adequately raised off the floor Raise cabinets on platforms appliance rollers or caster bases so that they are 2 6 off the floor Adjust shelving unit bottom shelf to be at least six inches off the floor G Wooden rack or shelving unit components are unsealed Seal with water based urethane or epoxy paint H Drawer slipping through glides Install water based urethane or epoxy painted metal shims on vertical surfaces of drawer glides to center drawers I Shelving unit in earthquake zone lacks shelf retainers Install shelf retainers to prevent objects from shaking off shelves J Objects in open or on shelving units are coated with dust Install dust covers See COG 4 2 Drawer Shelf Specific K Objects are loose and unprotected in drawers or on shelves Place objects in specimen trays and or cavity pack L Objects too large for specimen trays rest directly on drawers or shelves Place polyethylene foam pads under objects to form an inert cushioned surface on which the objects can rest M Objects in
56. wever you may need to use additional and or alternative handling and storage methods and materials to show sensitivity and proper respect for these items in accordance with the affiliated individual s or group s request Consult with the lineal descendants or culturally affiliated organization with standing Ascertain their preferences related to proper handling and storage techniques and materials and defer to their wishes where possible You may be asked to use some of the following storage methods procedures and materials when caring for culturally affiliated items 7 23 e Store human remains aligned in a particular direction such as the cranium toward the east e Construct special storage containers possibly using wood plant or animal products native to the tribe s homeland e Ensure that only organic materials touch the items Possible methods to avoid direct contact with archival foams include covering the foam s surface with archival tissue paper or unbleached muslin wrapping the item in archival tissue paper or unbleached muslin e Store newly collected natural plant materials such as bundles of tobacco with the items You can construct special outer enclosures or boxes to house these materials separately from other collections and to protect against pest infestations e Allow tribal members access to storage areas for relevant religious or ceremonial purposes This may include actions to protect
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