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2. 86 GL OSSANPY REE EEE ES 87 Versions used in this manual Detector Firmware 3 10 DCAPP 2 77 Updater 5 2 1 Diagnostics 3 0 C SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 Suu 3sAS un diq ul SI pe T PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION An electrical current applied to a well coated buried metal pipeline will decrease gradually with increasing distance from the current injection point as the current escapes to earth through the coating If the coating has a uniform thickness and separates the pipeline from the surrounding soil at all points the strength of the signal current on the pipeline will decline logarithmically and the rate of decline will be dependant primarily on the electrical resistivity of the wrap or coating in use and the area of coating in contact with the soil per unit length of pipe i e for a given coating the decline is proportional to the circumference of the pipe Note because of the relative magnitude of the resistances involved local changes in soil resistance can usually be ignored If there is a low resistance electrical path from the pipeline direct to the soil at any point there will be a substantial local increase in the rate of loss of signal current Such a low resistance path could arise from incorrectly applied coating mechanical damage to the coating before during or after installation decay of the coating due to soil conditions disbonding of
3. 0 20 40 60 80 100 A Distance m 0 20 40 60 80 100 Distance m Hy el Hy lt gt sl Current Position Comments r Wr Le 1 7 i A 6 1 8 1 1 1 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 A VVest East 0 20 40 60 80 100 Distance m Zoom Hvit Show plots in Close Interval WARNING may be misleading Auto Analyse gt Hy s Graphs Depth or Cover Data Data of selected point Attenuation or Conductance Comments added by user for Current selected point GPS Fig 11 1 DCAPP GE Start up screen SCAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 63 Suu 3sAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe Belovv is a close up of the toolbar buttons and their functions Download from C Scan Show Pipeline Details Open Existing File US Show Conductance Graph Save File mb Show Attenuation Graph Print Export Data and Graphs 7 410 ad 74 Tools Menu Survey Navigation Bar Fig 11 2 DCAPP toolbar 11 1 Additional windows 11 1 1 Pipeline layout This shows the pipeline layout scaled to a straight pipe with all the survey points marked on the line You can click on individual survey points and the data for that point will be displayed in the Point data window on the START UP screen Similarly when a survey point is selected you can add information about it in the Comments window The active point is highli
4. C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 62 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T 11 DCAPP Data Capture Archiving and Plotter Program DCAPP is Dynalog s propriety software for downloading data from C SCAN Once data has been downloaded it can be investigate errors amended and data printed or exported DCAPP GE is a nevv program that incorporates all the features of DCAPP for Excel and DCAPP 2010 plus the additional features Graphic display of Conductance uS Ability to disable points Ability to re sequence data points by GPS data Ability to interpolate GPS data Ability to split and reverse survey data Ability to filter data Auto Analyse function Printing and display of visual feature symbol Easy addition of comments for each point Pan and Zoom of all graphs Ability to re format existing DCAPP files to nevv format To install DCAPP 2010 insert the Applications CD provided The CD should autorun and the option to install DCAPP GE should be selected If autorun fails to active simply locate CD Start exe on the CD and double click on it Select INSTALL DCAPP GE and follow the install instructions After installation DCAPP GE will appear on the Programs list under Dynalog Click on DCAPP GE to start The START UP screen is show below 7 DCAPP GE V2 77 m 24 SARA mif A pay Depth Attenuation Point data 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 Et
5. u 7 1 2 Detector UNI EEE MN EN RE 8 2 UNPACKING AND ACTIVATING THE C SCAN 2010 SURVEY SYSTEHM 9 2 1 GLT og Le EEE PRE 9 2 2 Charging the Signal Generator 9 2 3 Signal Generator External Power 11 2 4 Charging the Detector Unit 11 3 OVER A 15 3 1 Signal Generator Keypad WE 15 3 2 Signal Generator Display 15 3 3 Signal Generator Side Panel 16 3 4 Detector Unit Front E nnmnnn 16 3 5 Detector Unit DIS uuu n uu NT aa 17 551 EDLE MUS 18 3 5 2 LCD Backlight ne eee eee 18 3 6 Nee Un Keypa WE 18 4 SIGNAL GENERATOR FIELD OPERATIONS 19 4 1 Operating Environment s 19 4 2 SUVy InOTmaliotit EE 19 4 3 Connectofi to P DEL N LL 19 4 3 1 Location of Injection Point 19 4 3 2 Check EPeline
6. 5 Seconds 5 Seconds To OFF To OFF GJAN20D SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 25 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe 4 10 Key sequence for MANUAL operation MANUAL Operation 5 Seconds l Fr C SCAN GENERATOR C SCAN GENERATOR AUTO Pipeline Ov CHECKING OK 99 85 V3 33 Operation AUTO for 600mA or for MANUAL Hold AUTO Ti A for 1000mA HOLD MANUAL use Keys gt AUTO to enter Y A to change MANUAL set Set to 600mA ab AUTO to SET MANUAL use Keys V A to change Set to 601mA TH AUTO to SET Press and release A increases current by 1mA va Symbol shows increment by 10 MANUAL use Keys V A to change Set to 610mA 4 TH AUTO to SET Press and HOLD A increases current by 10mA steps rn nnn 27 A symbol shows x increment by 50 Continue to HOLD A increases current by 50mA steps after next 50mA boundary MANUAL use Keys V A to change A Set to 750mA A Hi AUTO to SET Similarly use Y To decrease current 100 08 40 MANUAL 937 5Hz 408mA gt gt 750mA li Continue as AUTO Operation GJAN20D SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 26 SW3JS G ASAINS un diq ul ss pe 5 DETECTOR UNIT Principal Display Screens 5 1 Start up Screen VVhen the Detector Unit is turned on it vvill complete a Az series of self checks and then the START UP screen q 1206 2812 will be displayed as shown in
7. EE 2000 JER For Model 201 R SYSTEM MANUAL Dynalog Electronics Limited Bristol England www dynalog co uk Dynalog Softvvare Please read Licence Agreement overleaf before installing Contents of Applications CD The programs listed belovv are available on the Applications CD provided vvith your C SCAN Survey System To install any of the applications or print a copy of this manual place the CD in your drive and the installer should autorun index html in your default web browser If Autorun fails to start open the CD content from My Computer and double click index html Each program can be installed from the suite menu DCAPP GE This is the software needed to download data from a C SCAN 2010 Folders created on root drive DCAPP2010 DCAPP2010 archive IDCAPP2010larchiveloriginal C SCAN Manual Electronic copy of the manual in Adobe PDF format You must have Adobe Acrobat installed to view the manual C SCAN Updater This program updates the C SCAN firmware in the Detector head unit If you are sent an upgrade file this is the program to use to update your Detector Should you be sent an update all instructions for use will be included with the upgrade C SCAN Diagnostics This program will communicate with the C SCAN Detector to provide status information on various sub systems to assist in problem diagnosis Adobe and Acrobat are copyright Adobe Corporation Windows and Excel are copyr
8. un did ul ss pe i 9 2 Example 2 This survey shows 5 points over B 180m 600ft A problem vvas shovvn Ke to exist here as a high attenuation g between survey points 2 gt 3 S S 8 240 As in Example 1 a subsequent Close Interval survey was carried out The results of this showed defects at 9m 30 intervals This spacing lined up EE with the joint wrappings The pipeline was excavated at these points and the defective joints re Attenuation mbm u NOTE CIPS survey did not find these stance defects due to masking effects of the CP Images from DCAPP and printed to PDF c xcan Close Interval Plot Example p Defects line up With joints i 30 feet length C SCAN201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe 10 DEMO MODE Contained within the C SCAN 2010 Detector is a pre loaded set of survey data This data is supplied to enable the user to practice the technique of surveying vvithout the need to connect to a pipeline The four surveys included are tabled belovv so that any self training can be verified against the correct data To enable these surveys the Detector will need to be put into DEMO mode To do this select MENU follovved by SETUP then DEMO as described under the MENU screen in section 5 4 Once Demo mode has been initia
9. 19 4 3 3 Signal Interference s sss8ssssssssssssss s sss ssns insinil 20 4 4 Connection Methods I 20 2 4 5 Setting the Signal Current 22 4 6 Pipeline Voltage message 23 w 4 7 Automatic level adjustm nti 23 as 4 8 Apparent Problems with Current 24 1 4 9 Key Sequence for AUTO Operation 25 2 4 10 Key sequence for MANUAL operation 26 5 DETECTOR UNIT PRINCIPAL DISPLAY SCREEN S 27 5 1 SANN SEN 27 5 2 Pipeline Specification Screen 27 lt 5 3 Search COD p a R i 28 5 4 Vile Use i u l cy si x re 29 2 5 5 UV cec n 30 3 SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 6 DETECTOR UNIT FIELD OPERA TIONS 31 6 1 Operating EN NNN 3 6 2 SUE Pinter 31 021 SINE N Ge 31 6 2 2 Survey Procedure Overview 32 6 3 SOLU VOY PINON E 32 0001 FOR
10. Fig 2 1 Battery Compartment If not already installed unpack the six 6 NiMH batteries and put them to one side Remove the two battery covers using the battery removal tool Ensure that the main power switch in this compartment is OFF Insert the batteries NEGATIVE ve end first three to each battery compartment as shown in Fig 2 2 below and re fit the battery covers Use the battery removal tool to fit the covers but do not over tighten or cross thread the covers Switch the Main Power Isolator to ON C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 11 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul SI pe T Fig 2 2 Inserting Batteries The LCD will now display either the clock and date setting panels if these have not been factory set Figs 2 3a amp 2 3b below or the Start up screen To set the time and date use the amp P arrows to select the hh mm ss or dd mm yyyy and the A Y arrows to increase or decrease the selection Once complete the Detector will perform some checks and the START UP screen will be displayed The Detector can now be charged 15 28 H7 11 2082 Fig 2 3a Time Display screen Fig 2 3b Date Display screen if the display does not activate turn the Main Svvitch to OFF again ensure the battery caps are fitted properly and wait for 5 seconds then switch it back to ON If the display then activates proceed vvith charging f the display fails to activate the batteries are exhausted se
11. O ii 57 8 10 Effects of Return Current 57 8 11 Orientation of Detector to Pipe Axis 58 9 FEST 59 9 1 ummi r aa is ri 59 9 2 EMNER a bn 60 T DEMO MODE 61 Ti UP a lu la un 63 11 1 Additional windows 64 VA Pipeline EA e Tt EE 64 TENNE 64 11 1 3 ieine a 66 11 2 How to download from C SCAN 67 11 3 Saving Printing amp Exporting 68 11 3 1 Saving I U 68 4432 TT EE 68 2 110 FG 68 11 4 Advanced Euncttons nnan nrannnnaens 69 w 11 4 1 TURN 69 as 1 52 GPS Functions uu en one nee eee eee eee 70 1 11 4 3 Auto Analyse EE 71 2 14 4 4 Data Manipulation 71 11 4 5 Show Close Interval Plots u Q 71 11 5 Clearing the Detector Memory 72 lt VP 72 2 12 1 GPS Setup 47 12 2 External GPS Configurat
12. 17 Specification Detector Unit specifications Weight 7 5 kgs 16lbs Size 18 x 47 x 120cm 7 x 18 x 47 One piece Polyethylene PE moulding Sealing Protection Class IP65 total immersion for 500mm Maximum detection depth 9 metres 30 feet in good conditions Accuracy 2 5 to 3 metres 10 feet 5 0 to 9 metres 30 feet Features Internal Trimble 12 channel GPS system Accuracy 2m 6 5 ft 500 point survey memory with over 100 separate surveys stored Rechargeable batteries NiMH with 3 hour fast charger charger input 100 240vAC 50 60Hz Survey time on full charge 13 hours continuous 4 5 days Operating temperature range 20 to 40 C 4 to 104 F Note battery capacity reduces at low temperatures Connectors 1x USB Computer Interface 1x multi pole Charger External Power General Membrane key pad Graphic Backlit LCD display 160x160 Multiple survey memory Built in intelligent charger Protective Neoprene boot Carrying strap Soft Carry Case GJAN20D SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 83 Suu 3sAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe Signal Generator specifications 9 5 kgs 21165 Size 27 x 25 x 18cm 11 x 10 x 7 Construction Ultra High Impact Structural Copolymer Mil Spec case vvith a lid MIL C41504 Sealing Protection Class Protection Class battery 1 x 12v 17Ahr sealed Lu 5 55 charger input 100 240vAC 50 60Hz External power 11 to 18v DC Maximum outpu
13. 20 DISCONNECT TR station from Ground Bed and Pipeline Fig 4 1 Disconnecting ground bed Although it is likely to be the best connection it is incorrect to assume that the TR station has a perfect connection to the pipeline as the cables connection the TR station to both the pipeline and ground bed may themselves be suffering corrosion or vvear that is masked by high CP currents voltages The impedance indication given by the Signal Generator see 3 2 may help to provide information about this but if in doubt alvvays perform resistance impedance checks independently If a TR station has been selected as the signal injection point the ground bed lead rectifier positive lead and the lead connecting the rectifier to pipeline under survey rectifier negative must be disconnected from the rectifier terminals This completely isolates the pipeline under survey not only from the CP system but also other pipelines that may be protected by the same rectifier from a common buss The Signal Generator Ground connection can now be safely connected to the rectifier s ground bed and the Signal Generator Pipe connection can be attached to the pipeline under survey lead Connecting the Signal Generator in this way not only provides the best connection to the pipeline but it vvill also provide significant information as to the electrical integrity loop impedance of the rectifier s ground bed and pipe connections If a CP test post or
14. Dynalog s Updater software can be used to update the firmware within the Detector or confirm if the latest version is being used To begin install the Updater program from the Applications CD supplied with the C SCAN system Once installed connect the Detector to the computer and then run the Updater program If the Detector is connected first then the COM port will be detected when Updater is started The user interface is shovvn belovv D C SCAN 2010 UPDATER Metric or mperial V3 2 1 Start here Switch on C SCAN 2010 and attach serial lead to PC COMM p5703 2001 24 8 C app 93 2018 Version 1 12 lt lt Follow Instructions Press Menu v Press Prog Check for Web Upgrade ecurity code before roceeding ALL data Hill e lost Your Security code is 12345678 Updgrading from Time Date Press Tick gt x Updgrading to Click CONTINUE when complete gt gt Continue Abort Select COM port for Serial Communications cod gt Setto COM1 Fig 14 1 Updater program Firstiy it is important to ensure that Firmware within Updater is up to date Simply click CHECK FOR WEB UPGRADE and Updater will check online for the latest updates Ifa newer version is available it will be automatically downloaded C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 76 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe To update the Detector select the appropriate COM port see Appendix 1 and turn on the Detector
15. Lower Antennae Version Battery sense upper LOW Upper Antennae Version Battery sense lower OK Temperature sense upper BAD Temperature sense lower OK Stored checksum upper BAD Stored checksum lower BAD Prior survey checks GPS not used GPS ant ok AXM power sense upper BAD AXM power sense lower OK GPS communications checking GPS antennae checking GPS Type checking Lower Antennae frequency ended Upper Antennae frequency 0 Checking GPS Lower Antennae values Upper Antennae values 0 Fig 15 4 Failures identified If any failures are detected a diagnostics report Diag2 LS is produced along with the option to send the a report to Dynalog for further analysis To do this Diagnostics report to Dynalog if you wish click YES Yes No Fig 15 5 Diagnostics report A print screen will appear to allow you to print the S send neper E test report Alternatively you can locate the test You may Ce report and FAX to 444117 9576246 or you report on you computer and email this to Dynalog may use your emailer to send to tech dynalog co uk Please specify your unit serial number b tech dynalog co uk 2 79677 report is located in VVin XP C Program Files Dynalog Diagnostics txt Win 7 Fig 15 6 Print report e C Program Files x86 Dynalog Diagnostics txt C SAN20D SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 78 Suu s S un did ul
16. Pipeline Diameter Generator setting m C Tonal Tar 6 0 mm er 85 Pipeline Wall i Ground conditions Weather Q P 7 PE 4 Sleeve 1 3 mm er 26 Pipeline Product 5 direction ipeline Produc urey direction EHH Pipeline Coating Unknown Surveyors Thieknessimmi 4 0 Pipeline Age GPS resequenced unu SC ohm cm Soil Resistivit Original file name C 5CAN Demo test 10 06 2013 5 Set Custom Fig 11 5 Survey details Suu 3sSAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 66 11 2 How to download from C SCAN To download data from the C SCAN Detector to DCAPP firstly connect the Detector to your computer using a USB cable or serial cable then open DCAPP DCAPP will check for active COM ports on your computer with COM1 serial port being the default If using a USB interface to download data either directly or though a serial to USB converter then you will need to change the active COM port To do this click on the Tools menu 74 to open the follovving vvindovv NOTE For ease of graphical representation Conductance is easier to read than Resistance Areas of bad coating approach zero C Resistance kohm sqm resistance and are therefore masked by any section that has high resistance The opposite is true for Conductance Conductance dml C Resistance kohm m COM port Create MAP overview Finished Fig 11 6 Tools menu Using the drop down menu
17. US L P 50 7 5 FSR 50 7 6 Minimum Distance Between Survey Points 51 Reading cud daaa aba 51 7 8 Close nterval Surveys rxrnnnrnnnunnnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnunnnue 51 7 9 Repeat UTVEVs eee 51 110 WONG Ferm Progra uu uu aaa aa a aaa 52 7 11 High Soil Resistivities er 52 7 12 Changes in Soil Resistivity 53 C SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 Suu 3sAS un diq ul SI pe T 7 13 New Pipelines U 53 8 INTERFERENCE AND FIELD DISTORTION 54 8 1 TDEC SCAN SI0NAl iL l ll iE ENEE 54 8 2 Ground Lead Interferences 54 8 3 Other Signals Carried by the Pipeline 54 6 4 Buried Metal Structures 54 8 5 GIO S Ei Su u y ii 55 8 6 Insulating Joints Flanges 55 8 7 1 IN AU ee CS HAY or 57 8 8 Pipeline 57 8 9 QI a aa a
18. 2 Ground Lead Interference When the signal is injected onto the pipeline the Ground Lead coming from the Signal Generator will emit a signal similar to that of the pipeline at the signal injection point and the signal will divide where it enters the pipeline with roughly half of the signal going in each direction There will therefore be considerable mutual interference of radiating fields around the signal input point In order to minimise the length of pipe over which this interference is likely to prevent useful readings being taken it is essential that the cables are laid out perpendicular at 90 to the pipeline axis and the ground point is as far away as possible In normal circumstances a length of pipe 5 15 metres depending on depth of pipeline either side of the signal injection point cannot be surveyed and must be covered in the next leg when the Signal Generator has been moved to its next location 8 3 Other Signals Carried by the Pipeline The instrument is not affected by any residual ripple in the rectified current used in standard cathodic protection systems provided it is within certain limits see 4 6 on page 23 The C SCAN signal will be significantly distorted if a Pearson type survey is carried out on any section of the same pipeline at the same time as a C SCAN survey Some forms of military signals using povverful transmitters vvhich are located near to a pipeline can result in the pipeline act
19. 5 mo FT TT TT TT TET I TT s l l TETT Coal Tar Bitumen Coating 10 lt 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 6 7 8 9 1011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Diameter inches Fig 1 Maximum attenuations with soil resistivities It is possible to reach or even exceed these maximum attenuation levels if the pipeline being surveyed is in contact with a foreign object which itself is shorted to ground as this can provide a lower resistance path than the surrounding soil 7 3 Conductance Within C SCAN and DCAPP figures are given for conductance as well as attenuation Conductance measures the coating s ability to conduct an electric current For a coating where its insulation property is paramount this value is zero for a perfect unattainable coating and infinite for bare pipe The unit for conductance is Siemens S and it is the reciprocal of resistance The definition used in surveys has been defined by NACE in TM0102 2002 page 6 and is defined for pipeline coatings of various qualities as follows Less than 100 uS m Excellent coating 100uS to 500 uS m Good to fair coating 500uS to 2000 uS m Fair to bad coating Above 2000 uS m Bad to no coating The unit uS m is one millionth micro of a Siemen per square metre It should be noted that the NACE values are calculated from a DC perspective and scaled for a soil resistivity Of 1 000
20. 8 1 Closer nspection There are occasions vvhen a survey is proceeding and every point surveyed is producing excellent results i e attenuations less than 1 mB m But then a section is encountered that has a high attenuation say 10 mB m If the gap between each point has been 100m then we do not know where in the last 100m the anomaly lies so we need to use the halving technique and go back to a point half way This is demonstrated on the diagram below Fig 6 15 where the attenuation between points 402 amp 403 is 10mB m so a sample is taken at the mid point between these two point 404 The sample taken at this point will reveal in which half the anomaly lies i e between points 02 04 or between points 03 gt 04 As the attenuation reading between points 403 and 204 is back to a normal level 0 73mB m when compared to rest of the pipeline we know that the anomaly must lie between points 402 and 04 0 4mb m 0 5mb m 10mb m 400 01 02 03 100m 100m 100m 0 73mb m 04 m m 03 50m Fig 6 15 Halving Technique This technique of halving can be repeated again and again until the section with the anomaly is identified or it is shown that a length of the pipeline has generally poor coating However it must be remembered that when a survey point is taken closer to the Generator than the previous point a change of survey direction has taken place and a negative ve distance will need to be entered into the Detec
21. Q cm The conductance as defined gives a value per square metre such that a pipeline of 10m length and 1m diameter will have the same area as a pipeline of 33m length and 30cm diameter Therefore to calculate the conductance the diameter must be knovvn f the diameter is unknown the conductance will not be indicated however pipeline diameter can be entered in DCAPP post survey to calculate conductance if these details vvere not know when the survey was carried out C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 48 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul SI pe T As C SCAN uses an AC detection method the conductance per square metre is dependent on an additional factor of coating type The Detector uses an average value to give a general indication of conductance and also assumes 1 000 Q cm soil If a more definitive value is required the coating type and soil resistivity can be entered into DCAPP If coating resistance is needed then the following values can be used Translating into ohms m Greater than 10 000 O m Excellent coating 10 000 to 2 000 O m Good to fair coating 2 000 to 500 O m Fair to bad coating Belovv 500 O m Bad to no coating C SCAN can display either conductance or resistance NOTE It is advisable to use conductance rather than resistance when displaying the data graphically This is because any section of excellent coating vvill have a very high resistance meaning areas of poor coating vvill have a lovv re
22. and will not allow the operator to use the GPS position when entering the distance hovvever it vvill be recorded The operator must then enter the distance manually or go back to the SEARCH screen and wait for GPS acquisition Loss of GPS acquisition is usually caused by the GPS antenna being temporarily obscured either by buildings or being inside a vehicle Ensure that the top of the Detector has a clear view of the sky so that it can see the satellites to receive the GPS signal When a survey is conducted in the open where the operator vvalks between survey points it vvould make sense not to turn off the Detector hovvever this reduces battery life A povver saving mode has been introduced that enables the GPS unit to remain on vvhilst all other devices are switched off To enter this mode press the ON Off key 4 with GPS still on A message will be shown enabling the unit to be switched to Povver Save mode with the GPS left running in the background This occurs only if the GPS is on prior to svvitching off the Detector A 30 second countdovvn will be shown during which the display will be active and any key press will re start the Detector After 30 seconds the screen will shut down but the GPS will continue running this is indicated by the flashing red LED After a total of 10 minutes 600 seconds the Detector vvill shut dovvn completely SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 73 GPS
23. are completed satisfactorily the Operator can set the signal current The flovv diagrams in sections 4 9 and 4 10 belovv outlines this process The signal current is set using the AUTO MANUAL or RECALL keys AUTO Pressing the AUTO key automatically sets the current to 600 mA If the resistance of the ground pipe circuit is such that 600mA cannot be attained then the Signal Generator will automatically set the current as close to 600mA as possible If the signal is satisfactory the survey can start MANUAL To manually set a current hold the AUTO key to enter MANUAL mode and choose the current using the A Y keys When the chosen current is displayed press the AUTO key agaln to set the generator to this current RECALL Pressing the RECALL key will set the generator to the value that has been previously stored swia shs ASAINS un diq ul ss pe C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 22 4 6 Pipeline Voltage message The Signal Generator will check the existing AC voltage on the Pipeline Voltage pipeline the AC component of the pipe to soil potential when too high it is first switched on and again when a current has been selected f this is too high greater than 10v peak voltage then a vvarning vvill be shovvn A If this warning is given T IS ESSENTIAL that the following procedure is carried out to avoid damage to the generator Disconnect CP AUTO to restart e Disconnect all CP stations and cross bonds
24. be used Connect the Signal Generator Pipe connector to one side of the lJ and Ground connection to the other it doesn t matter which You can now complete two surveys starting at the IJ one in each direction going away from the lJ When using a metal structure as an earth connection point care must be taken during lighting electrical storms Any lighting strike receive by the metal structure will be passed to the Signal Generator which could result in damage being caused The surveyor must be aware that although the potential for a lighting strike could be some distance away the type of metal structure being used could carry this high voltage signal for many kilometres for example a long metallic fence C SANZOD SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 80 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe 16 3 Re call Calibration Settings The calibration data for the antenna is checked during the start up sequence if an error is found then the calibration details will be automatically restored from fixed memory If an update to the Detector has been completed then similarly the calibration details are checked and restored automatically Manual checking can be done by the user at any time by the follovving procedure 1 Press MENU 01 06 2912 2 Press SETUP Zb STE al 51 E C SCAN 418 Location GER GPS OFF SETUP BROWSE 3 Press CALIB 4 Press FACTOR HARNING To TI recall factory settings press Factory Once the calibr
25. be used to produce a text report based on any Physical and Conditional results of a survey vvhich fall outside of any set limits For example you can use the Auto Analyse function to process the data and indicate which survey points are under or over a certain depth of cover quickly highlighting areas of the pipeline that are too close to the surface When you have defined the Physical and Conditional limits click EXECUTE to produce the report which will be displayed in the window and automatically saved to the same destination as the original survey The path and filename of the report is displayed on the AUTO ANALYSE screen D Auto ESTEE This allows auto analysing of the survey data for either Depth Cover Attenuation Conductance or Resistance A test report file iz produced with positional data for each section that iz outside the set limte Physical Condition Under or Over AH ti Above enuation Dr Conductance Above 2000 Run filter at 150 f Cover Depth 1 5 0568 Grid C UTM clear report Execute OSGB easting northing e Longtitude Latitude CAPathland Filename of saved report bt IC Pathiand Filename of saved report ti Fig 11 13 Auto analyse screen 11 4 4 Data Manipulation When viewing a graph in the Start up screen select a single point with left mouse button then right click the point to open up the follovving options Suppress Point Suppresses a survey polnt the same vv
26. between two points The table below shows the error for two readings taken 50m either side of a bend when comparing the direct line that would be calculated by GPS versus the actual pipeline distance The increase in error can be seen with the increase in angle as demonstrated below Pipeline Distance Direct distance 33 Pipeline Distance 107 Fig 6 13 GPS distance 6 7 Chainage Chainage is the term given to incremental distance from the survey Start Point i e the distance betvveen a survey point and the Start Point of the survey rather than the previous point As an example a survey has 4 polnts taken 100m apart VVhile the distance entered relates to the previous survey point the chainage relates to the Start Point of the survey U0U0U0 07 This can make it easier to reference if CP points have distance values already assigned to them To use chainage rather than distance use the chainage key as shown below C SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 40 swia shs ASAINS un diq ul ss pe Screen 1 Distance Screen 2 Chainage B BB mnR 156 9mA Enter distance Enter chainage GPS 265m GPS 265m Select Distance button to enter distance screen screen 1 opposite Select Chainage button to enter chainage screen screen 2 opposite Fig 6 14 Entering Chainage NOTE We may freely switch between CHAINAGE and DISTANCE When a distance is entered the
27. chainage is automatically stored it is displayed on the attenuation display The CHAINAGE START POINT is used to start a new survey in the same way as a normal START POINT except this Start Point does not have to be zero As an example consider a survey of four points The first point is at CP marker 10 which has a distance marker of 3 678m 3 678km and the last point is at CP marker 11 which has a distance marker of 3 978m 3 978km The two intermediate points are 100m apart 00 110 13678 3678 1 100 9778 CH LL 100 13878 3978 gt 193978 Point 400 is entered as a chainage start point with a value of 3676m Points 401 and 02 are entered as distance from previous point as 100m Point 03 is entered as chainage 3978m C SCAN vvill calculate the Chainage of the tvvo intermediate points even though they vvere entered as Distances NOTE The maximum number that can be entered for chainage is 9 999m C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 41 SuH 3SAS un diq ul SI pe T 6 68 Fault Location There are two stages to fault location firstly a closer inspection is required to locate the areas of high attenuation and reduce these to smaller sections of pipeline This is needed to confirm if high attenuation readings are due to either a single anomaly or an area of general degradation in the coating If a single fault is suspected a Close Interval Current Only survey can be used to locate the anomaly 6
28. distance NOTE The box key is used to change direction POSITIVE ve distances are away from the Signal Generator while NEGATIVE ve distances are towards the Signal Generator Surveys should always be conducted away from the Generator 4 3 1 vvith negative distances being used during the halving technique as described in section 6 8 Data point numbers 001 etc are incremented sequentially until memory is cleared Press the STORE 13 key now C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 37 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul SI pe T This final screen provides a summary of the information al 1 25m before the data is permanently stored in memory a H D n 156 9mA As with the Start Point the Depth Cover and Distance Chainage information is shown but as the HAAA gt HAA1 1AAMm Detector now has distance information from the ol 1 AA m previous survey point values of Conductance and 195152 S 13k ami Resistance can now be displayed as in Fig 6 11 In this example the following are shown e Conductance 195uS m2 micro siemens per m Resistance 5 13k0 m2 kilohms m These figures relate to the coating condition allowing for pipeline diameter and wall thickness Fig 6 11 Summary screen Finally the START text denoting a Start Point has been replaced with the attenuation ll z figure for that section of pipeline in this instance 2 21 mB m millibels per metre The attenuation value in
29. figure 5 1 right 25 5 Ul 51x E The information displayed here is i S see sl perature L Wi L H e e Battery Antenna Status ON F Off Last Survey Location z ki 18 GPS Status default is OFF Location GER e Function Keys GPS OFF Search Key C Pipeline Specification Menu Menu Key Fig 5 1 the Start up screen FEL GPS ON OFF Note The pipe symbol FT will only display if no pipeline details have been entered Calculated conductance resistance and cover data cannot be displayed unless the pipeline diameter and wall thickness are entered Pressing the Search Key to enter the search screen will automatically turn on the GPS to ensure that GPS data is recorded during surveying Pressing the GPS ON OFF key will manually activate the GPS system and after a few seconds the screen will change to GPS ON to indicate that GPS is now searching 5 2 Pipeline Specification Screen In order for C SCAN to calculate the conductance resistance and depth of cover the pipeline diameter needs to be entered This can be done from the START UP screen or during a survey From the START UP screen press the PIPE symbol if the symbol is not displayed then details have been previously entered during a survey The PIPELINE SPECIFICATION screen is now displayed see figure 5 2 Using the keys OD UP or OD DOWN scroll the list until the appropriate OD outside diameter is selected Similarly
30. into a standard computer via the USB connector or RS232 serial interface and the survey data can be downloaded and or printed out in full using Dynalog s DCAPP software The Detector Unit is powered by either NiMH rechargeable batteries which will normally provide enough power to run the instrument continuously for over 4 hours or by Alkaline C cells which will provide approximately 12 hours of continuous use There is in addition a built in lifhium power source to maintain the data stored in the memory when the batteries have been exhausted This has an estimated life of ten years The surveyor must remember that the C SCAN System is not immune to electromagnetic interference but it incorporates a number of features which are designed to keep such interference to an absolute minimum Briefly these features include the generation of a pure sine wave so that no complex harmonics are produced the use of a carefully selected frequency with virtually no harmonics in common with other frequencies in general use the narrovv bandvvidth of the filters in the Detector Unit and the collection of 300 signal samples over a period of approximately 6 seconds to eliminate transient interference The instrument can usually be used in the presence of mains AC and is not affected by any residual ripple in operating DC rectified Cathodic Protection systems 2 Unpacking and Activating the C Scan 2010 Survey System 2 1 Unpacking For shipping safe
31. is quite stable when measured at such a short distance but then a sudden drop is seen before the current levels out again The anomaly area is in the centre of the slope and it could consist of a single fault a small group of faults or some other contact with the pipeline such as a cross bond etc This type of profile can also be produced by foreign contact with the pipeline taps branches or T s etc as discussed in section 8 It is often quite normal to see a small rise in current at the base of the slope See section 8 10 It is possible to have several drops in current with the current levelling out in betvveen signifying several isolated faults vvithin one area This can be seen in the Examples in section 9 A current profile as shovvn here does not have the same defined defect area as that shown above In this instance it is most likely that the entire area is suffering from general degradation of the coating NOTE During close interval surveying the attenuation values and GPS positions are not displayed in C SCAN but vvill be displayed in DCAPP C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 46 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T 7 SURVEY PLANNING AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 7 1 Distance Betvveen Survey Points When carrying out a survey the distance between survey points is one of the decisions that the Surveyor will have to make The optimum distance between readings will depend on two main factors
32. mB m is the absolute rate of loss of signal current from the pipeline over any given section in this example section 4000 4001 t is independent of the value of the initial signal set on the Signal Generator and of the ground conditions t is solely determined by the average condition of the coating between the two locations and by the area of pipeline coating in contact vvith the ground per metre of pipeline the pipeline diameter For a pipeline of a given diameter the attenuation value is an absolute indicator of dielectric performance of the coating the lower the figure the better If comparing tvvo pipelines of different diameters but vvith identical coating dielectric performance the attenuation values vvill be proportional to the diameter For more information about attenuation values see section 7 2 Press the v key novv to store the data and continue 6 4 7 Graphs If any survey data is stored in the Detector s memory the Operator has the option to vievv this data in m graphical form to aid in identifying any anomalies in H 04m 156 the coating without having to download the data or _ leave the field These graphs can be accessed at e HHEH HBHi I6 m any time via the BROWSE screen but the operator is 7 16 m given the option to vievv them after each survey point 1352 s lek ne stored V Fa 1 The graphs avallable are lu CUMULATIVE ATTENUATION w shovvs the mb m attenuation and d
33. position of the C Scan Detector number of satellites shovvn In the example above Fig 12 1 displays the GPS position Pressing GPS SAT changes to GPS status which in Fig 12 2 is GPS GOOD SAT 46 The GPS SAT key now changes to GPS POS GPS Position allovving you to svvitch betvveen the number of satellites in view and the Latitude amp Longitude position of the Detector SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 72 The GPS status indicator will show the following messages GPS ACQUIRING System is searching for GPS satellites This message will be displayed until 3 satellites are acquired as a minimum of 3 are require for positional data GPS GOOD 3 or more satellites have been acquired to give positional data GPS BAD The current position is incorrect or satellites have not been acquired or have lost acquisition GPS OLD The data is more than 10 seconds out of date As GPS data is normally updated every 1 second this could mean that acquisition is about to be lost GPX The Detector is taking its GPS co ordinates from an external GPS system attached through the USB in serial protocol or multi pole connector ANT FAIL There has been an antenna failure or the antenna is not connected If a survey point is stored with a BAD or OLD GPS position the position displayed is likely to be that of the previous point This vvould create a distance of zero C SCAN recognises this
34. the DC voltage is greater than 10v DO NOT CONNECT SIGNAL GENERATOR The source of either foreign signal must be found and isolated before a survey can be started Failure to check the above could result in permanent damage to the Signal Generator 4 3 3 Signal Interference Other points to consider when selecting the signal iniection point is the availability of a good ground or earth connection and the fact that a section of line 10 15 metres either side of the Injection Point cannot be surveyed because of mutual interference between the fields radiating from the Pipe lead connecting the Signal Generator to the pipeline Thus if it is intended to survey a road crossing or river etc it is better not to use a signal Injection Point that is positioned at or close to the crossing to be checked t must also be noted that when connecting to a pipeline via a remote connection such as a CP test post TR station etc the mutual interference experienced from the injected signal could be greater than 10 15 metres The link between the CP test post TR station and pipeline under survey may not be as direct as possible and may even cross the pipeline before it is bonded to the pipeline In this instance the surveyor may experience initial rising current readings due to the anti phase signal on the bonding cable When current readings stop rising the interference has subsided 4 4 Connection Methods Methods of connecting to the pipeline can d
35. the TABLE VIEW of the data only e Print Graphs This will print the Graphs of the data only Fit graphs on one sheet e Print Data and Graphs Prints both Table View and Graphs Print Data The printed data will be sent to the default printer Print Graphs NOTE When printing a survey only the active survey will be SE printed e g if the downloaded data contains four surveys Print Status 400 03 and survey 02 is being viewed then only the data and or graphs for survey 02 will be printed not the entire data set Esport Data Fig 11 8 Print menu 11 3 3 Exporting Survey data from DCAPP can be exported as CSV Comma Separated Values or TXT Text data to be imported into other software programs such as Excel or similar To export data follow the printing method described above but instead select the option EXPORT DATA and the EXPORT FORMAT screen will be displayed Export CSV Select Fields To Export Iw Feature Export TT h Location Number he Chainage i Depth centre m Depth cover m wd Current m Reference Location V SE to jw Attenuationfmb m W Conductancelus sgm Resistancelahm sarl A Time he Date W Longitude Latitude UTM h Comment Fig 11 9 Export data window Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe C IAN 2010 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 68 Simply select the fields that you wish to export then click on either EXPORT CSV or EXPORT TXT and the data
36. the pipeline The unit is millibels per metre even when using imperial measurements Typical attenuation values for vvell protected lines of various sizes are 6 Pipeline Less than 0 4mB m to 1mB m to Above 12 Pipeline Less than 0 5mB m to 1 5mB m to Above 24 Pipeline Less than 0 6mB m to 1 8mB m to Above 36 Pipeline Less than 0 7mB m to 2 0mB m to Above 0 4mB m 1mB m 5mB m 5mB m 0 5mB m 1 5mB m 6mB m 6mB m 0 6mB m 1 8mB m 8 0mB m 8 0mB m 0 7mB m 2 0mB m 9 5mB m 9 5mB m Excellent coating Good to fair coating Fair to bad coating Bad to no coating Excellent coating Good to fair coating Fair to bad coating Bad to no coating Excellent coating Good to fair coating Fair to bad coating Bad to no coating Excellent coating Good to fair coating Fair to bad coating Bad to no coating Figures based on Coal Tar Bitumen coating Coating type can be chosen in DCAPP There is a maximum attenuation that can be observed and this occurs vvhen all coating has been lost bare pipe In this situation the maximum attenuation is limited by soil resistivity The graph belovv shovvs these limits C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 47 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T Soil Restivity 1 000 Q cm 10 000 Q cm 7777 20 000 Q cm E100 1 1 4 14 L l l o O 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 1 de t ti r L d 90 Limiting attenuation Bare pipe No coating
37. will be exported You will be prompted to enter a file name before the data is saved with the file extension of either CSV or TXT automatically added 11 4 Advanced Functions 11 4 1 Tools Menu Opening the TOOLS MENU 74 will allow you access to the following options Change DCAPP from displaying Conductance in uS m uS to 2 o han estas Areas bad coating appoach seo Resistance kohm sqm resistance and are therefore masked by any section that has high Resista n ce n KO m resistance The opposite is true for Conductance Conductance u5 m C Resistance kohm m Display Conductance or Resistance as above but per m rather than per COM pot vl Create MAP overview sqm S Fig 11 10 Tools menu Change COM port settings for downloading data When you select the MAP function 4 from the Start up screen toolbar DCAPP will display the current survey data on any installed mapping software that uses KML files such as Google Earth The mapping software must be installed and KML file extensions must be associated with it The survey must also contain GPS data If you wish to include other surveys that have been previously downloaded and saved then CREATE MAP OVERVIEW can be used to add these surveys to view When you select CREATE MAP OVERVIEW a new screen will open asking you to select which surveys to add Select the survey from the file list and click either ADD or REMOVE This can be repe
38. 11 Orientation of Detector to Pipe Axis The C SCAN Detector uses the vector sum of the outputs from the antenna coils so that variations in the horizontal angle betvveen the axis of the instrument and that of the pipeline are compensated for although it is good practice alvvays to approach the pipeline from the same side and approximately at right angles to its axis Although the main source of potential operator error is eliminated there is still the necessity to ensure that the axis of the Detector antenna is perpendicular to the pipeline in the vertical plane This is not a problem in normal conditions vvhere the pipeline is effectively horizontal and the instrument vertical But where a pipeline has been installed on a steep slope and is parallel to the ground surface it is important that the Detector is held vvith its axis perpendicular to the ground i e not vertical If the Detector is used vertically in such a situation the effective length of the antenna is reduced by the Cosine of the angle leading to errors in the derived information C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 58 5 un diq ul SI pe T 9 EXAMPLES 9 1 Example 1 Table View Surv h 6 int 2 7 i Note When converting units from feet to metres or from metres to feet u e y S OWS S u rve y D O l n S Enable all Hide r nu Filter Convert to feet Attenuation Conductance and Resistance will always be in metres or Filt
39. 14 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T 3 OVERVIEW This section gives an overview of the Signal Generator and Detector Unit looking at the keypad interfaces displays and icons and connections for each part of the C SCAN 2010 system 3 1 Signal Generator Keypad ON OFF Pressing and holding this key switches the generator ON or OFF A quick press vvhilst active vvill disconnect the output AUTO Sets the output to 600mA or maximum attainable current up to 600mA Pressing and holding key enters MANUAL mode where the current can be manually set to a chosen output using Y amp buttons STORE Stores the present valued to memory RECALL Recalls previously stored value V Decreases current in A Increase current MANUAL mode in MANUAL mode 3 2 Signal Generator Display The Signal Generator has a backlit display providing the surveyor with the current status of the Signal Generator while carrying out a survey The details of the main screen are listed below Battery Capacity 2 Estimated survey time remaining 5 for set current 99 06 49 125 3 Internal temperature 4 Battery state indicator X shown GENERATOR OUTPUT if external power used 5 Power taken by the Generator SET to 600mA 6 Peak output voltage 13 1 6w 1 0 Tv 1 OC 7 Loop Resistance between Signal Generator Earth and Pipeline This includes the contact resistance of the earthing sys
40. 9 m Current close interval m 4 5 6 GPS plot Attenuation by chainage or shovv the plan of the m Vi pipeline WW B e Full compatibility with DCAPP for Excel included in C SCAN 2000 e Software upgradeable via PC C SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 16 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe VVhere possible all displays are language independent vvith graphic icons representing features or functions Depth to Centre eb Depth to top cover Current Attenuation kl Chainage m z Distance 1 4 Symbols relating to landscape features such trees vvalis abu E I fences roads rivers pylons etc y oh I Symbols are available with the iL indicator on the left or right side Symbol for GPS m 3 5 Detector Unit Display Belovv is an example of the C SCAN 2010 SEARCH screen shovving the component parts of the graphical display during search mode At this initial search stage depth current and distances are approximate Pipeline Diameter Approx Depth to centre or cover Approx Distance to Pipeline Overhead Locator Bars Pipeline Position indicator Approx Current al el Dip 163mA GPS coordinates 44H23 534 er BE IME TE 51 2 1798 Signal strength indicator C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 17 SuH 3SAS un diq ul SI pe T 3 5 1 LCD Contrast The LCD display on th
41. As shown on the Updater program select MENU gt SETUP gt PROG on the Detector Once selected using the v the user will be prompted for a security code This is the code that is shown on the Updater screen shown above as 12345678 and is simply used to ensure that an update is intended Once entered press CONTINUE on Updater and the data vvill be uploaded to the Detector Once complete the Detector vvill re boot and during this time is it important that you do not turn off the Detector as this could result in corrupted data vvhich vvill require a factory reset by Dynalog Therefore it is recommended to ensure that the Detector s batteries are charged before upgrading NOTE Updating can delete some or all of the surveys saved to the Detector s internal memory Alvvays dovvnload any data before upgrading 15 DIAGNOSTICS If it is suspected that there is a fault with the Detector the Diagnostics program can be used to interrogate and confirm the correct functioning of the various sub systems within the Detector If an error is found a report is produced which can be sent to Dynalog for assessment and further advice The Diagnostics program can be installed from the Applications CD supplied with the C SCAN system located under OTHER FILES PROGRAMS Once installed connect the Detector to the computer and then start the Diagnostics Program Ensure that the Detector is connected to the computer before running Diagnostics so that the correct
42. COM port is made available see Appendix 1 Once the correct COM port has been established turn on the Detector and wait for it to complete its checks and reach the START screen Do not press any keys on the Detector Now press CONTINUE on the Diagnostics Program Prior survey checks GPS use checking GPS Antennae checking COM3 ES Check which COM port is used Usually serial ports are COM1 and any installed USB to serial ports are last in the list i Start Firmware Version Lower Antennae Version Upper Antennae Version Connect C SCAN to PC comi serial port Switch on C SCAN Click continue when ready gt gt gt Continue Exit Lower Antennae values checking Upper Antennae values checking Lower Antennae frequency checking Upper Antennae frequency checking Fig 15 1 Diagnostics program The program will now 0 CSCAN Diagnostics 20 1 I _ COMS w Check which COM port is used Usually serial ports are COM1 and any CO m m u n cate with th e C installed USB to serial ports are last in the list SCAN and check various vat er Checking ommunications upper checking va ues v1 4 Lower Antennae Version Battery sense upper checking V1 4 Upper Antennae Version Battery sense lower checking Temperature sense upper checking Temperature sense lower checking Stored checksum upper OSCE Stored checksum lower ene ea AXM power sense lower chec
43. NN 32 6 3 2 33 6 3 3 Common Fault Areas u 33 6 3 4 Reference Readings re 33 6 4 Survey sib 33 6 4 1 Signal Injection u 33 6042 LOCALS PIBEL TE 33 6 4 3 Locate e UN ee 34 6 4 4 Record Sample 34 6 4 5 Subsequent Samples 36 640 Enteng DISTANCE eege 37 TEE 38 0 10 COW SINNA 39 649 Move GenerTetoF uuu lil eee 39 6 5 Survey Numbering amp Memory Storage 39 6 6 Notes on Entering Distances 40 6 7 Chaa JE nn s 40 6 8 UI Ae E 42 6 8 1 Closer Inspection 42 0 02 Close interval Mod a 43 7 SURVEY PLANNING AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 47 7 1 Distance Between Survey Points 47 7 2 Attenuation SU a ananas ula m abad 47 7 3 Cond a S Don ib 48 7 4 E rn s s
44. NS un diq ul SI pe T The charging cycle is in four stages Stage 1 charges to 8096 Stage 2 charges to 9996 Stage 3 charges to 10096 and balances the battery and Stage 4 is the float charge which can remain active indefinitely CHARGING 04 22 Remaining 9 05 Capac ty 1 Stage 1 CHARGING lt 01 52 Remaining 85 0 Capacity TH Stage 2 Checking in 59s 107 2 Capacity Hi Stage 3 CHARGED Remove Charger Float active Stage 1 This stage can last up to 6 hours if the battery is very low This message shows estimated time to charge is 4 hours 22 minutes battery capacity is 9 0 Stage 2 If the battery is well used or old this stage may last the longest Stage 3 Stage 3 is for top off or charge balance A timer will disconnect the charge such that after 2 minutes the battery is checked for its ability to hold a charge f this passes then stage 4 will be active Should the battery not hold a charge then a warning will be given Stage 4 Charging is now complete and the charger can be removed Float charge is novv active vvhich vvill continued to trickle charge the battery if the charger is left attached The charge can be terminated at any time by removing the charger Pressing the OFF key will prompt you to remove the charger A full charge should last for tvvo to three days of normal survey vvork depending on level of signal current The battery should not be allovved to d
45. START UP screen or after a reading has been taken Fig 5 5 Position of the Detector relative to the pipeline C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 28 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T NOTE The circle equals to a 2 metre radius f the pipeline is greater than 2 metres avvay then the line vvill stay at the periphery of the circle The number above the circle indicates the horizontal distance in metres 1 2m in this example If the pipeline is out of range no figure will be displayed t is not possible to give accurate figures when the Detector is not directly over the pipeline so all numbers shown are approximate indicated by the symbol GPS The GPS status indication vvill shovv either ACQUIRING GPS data is blank waiting for signal from satellites BAD no satellites in vievv GOOD satellites in view and acquired GPX external GPS being used ANT FAIL GPS antenna failure NOTE More information about the GPS system can be found in section 12 below 5 4 Menu Screen Menu Pressing the MENU button from the START UP screen accesses the Detector s MENU screen From here the following options are available Option Description Section Clear Clear the survey data from 11 5 C SCAN s memory e Exit screen e nfo Info about C SCAN such as serial number location etc eCharge Enter Charge mode 2 4 Brovvse Brovvse the data stored in C 6 4 7 Fig 5 6 Menu screen SCAN e Setup Ent
46. Setup The GPS setup screen can be accessed by selecting the MENU button follovved by SETUP Novv choose GPS SETUP Fig 12 3 Menu screen The GPS setup screen offers the follovving options GPX ON Configure the Detector to receive GPS signals from a compatible external GPS source GPS SET Reset the GPS system REGION Only use when instructed by Dynalog Update Loc If the Detector senses it is outside of its region then you can use the UPDATE LOC function to update your current location see Geo fencing below Fig 12 4 GPS Setup screen 12 1 External GPS Configuration When using an external GPS system plugged into either the USB or multi pole plug it must comply with the following requirements Serial protocol NMEA data stream 9600 baud no parity 8 bit 1 stop no handshaking PS stream must include GGA or GLL and RMC or ZDA If no external signal is received within 5 minutes the system will default to internal GPS 12 2 GPS Reset If the GPS system requires re setting at any time this can be done by selecting GPS SET from the above menu vvhich vvill automatically detect and re configure the GPS system There are two types of GPS systems which are fitted to C SCAN Type 3 GPS Instantly configured ready for use Type 2 GPS Once re set will configure next time GPS button is pressed on the start screen 12 3 Geo fencing C SCAN utilises geo fencing technology within the Detector Whilst n
47. ake alternative connection on the correct side the ground often there is an of the IJ or use lJ to increase survey distance insulating joint underground see 8 6 16 2 2 Establishing a good earth Similarly a low resistance connection is required when establishing a good earth whether connecting to a physical part of the pipeline or using the Earth Spikes provided Use all three Earth Spikes at 90 to the pipeline positioned as far away as possible Drive Earth Spikes deep into the ground Ensure the spikes are not moved from side to side both during and after installation so that ground contact is maintained along the length of the spike If the ground is dry remove the Earth Spikes and fill the holes with water before replacing them Ensure ground contact along the length of the spike Brush away an area of topsoil and lay the Earth Spikes horizontally before replacing the topsoil u As above but with soil wetted with water As for above but with a layer of tin foil cooking foil underneath the spikes 16 2 3 Use alternative earth connection 1 Fences with metal posts can be used as an earth connection It must be remembered however that where a fence crosses the pipeline readings cannot be taken in this area 2 Use the ground bed of a TR Transistor Rectifier station Make sure the TR station has been turned off and disconnected to avoid damage to the Signal Generator 3 Isolation Joints lJ can
48. ally such that the Signal Generator is unable to maintain the correct current it vvill set the output to alternate betvveen zero and the maximum attainable up to the set value every 6 seconds The surveyor the Detector operator will notice the display on the Detector shovving an alternating increasing and decreasing signal indicating that the current is no longer stable and the Signal Generator and connections need to be checked This usually occurs if the Earth Spike contact dries out making a higher resistance circuit for which the Signal Generator is unable to compensate C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 23 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T 4 6 Apparent Problems with Current Value The maximum signal current achievable will be defined by the resistances in the Signal Generator pipeline circuit The circuit resistances consist of the following components 1 Pipe to soil resistance 30 usually small because of the large area in contact 2 Signal Generator to pipe connection OQ should be zero for good connection 3 Signal Generator to earth connection dependent on earthing system used see section 4 4 If the user is unable to apply any current at all i e no output from the Signal Generator or the message Output disconnected high resistance displayed it can often be caused by a high value for item 3 above but this must not be assumed and all components of the circuit need to be che
49. and the survey continues this is shown on the following screen after several readings have been taken c iwaw Garasi p 1 2m g 5137nA Fig 6 22 Storing Close Interval survey C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 The UP and DOWN keys allow you to zoom in on the graph Press X to ignore the sample and retake the reading or press v to accept the reading After several readings the current profile shovvn by the graph identifies where the current on the pipeline starts to drop before levelling out again This drop in current is centred on a single anomaly in the coating The survey may continue for as far as necessary The graph will auto scale to fit the points When enough points have been taken and you wish to finish the Close nterval survey press STOP The following screen vvill be shovvn Press the store key 3 1 to finish the Close Interval survey and save the data Pressing X will not delete any data but will cancel the data saving and allow you to continue vvith the close interval survey After pressing the store key the screen will revert to the search screen 45 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe VVhen conducting a Close nterval survey to locate a specific anomaly one of tvvo results will normally be seen These are Fig 6 23 Analysing Survey Fig 6 24 Area of degradation As in the above example this graph shovvs a single anomaly The current on the pipeline
50. at the Program is error free or will meet functions required by the Purchaser It shall be the responsibility of the Purchaser to satisfy itself that the Program meets the Purchaser s requirements The Program is supplied on an as is basis and save as expressly provided in these conditions all warranties of any nature and whether express or implied are excluded 7 LIABILITY 7 1 DYNALOG warrants that any physical media on which the Program is stored are free from material defect and through normal use will remain so for a period of 90 days after purchase This warranty excludes defects arising out of accident neglect misuse failure of electric power or causes other than ordinary use In the event of any breach of this warranty or statutory warranty or conditions incapable of exclusion by these conditions the responsibilities of DYNALOG shall be limited to replacing the enclosed Program or to returning the price paid as DYNALOG may in its absolute discretion determine In the event of a refund Purchaser s right to use the Program shall automatically expire 7 2 The aggregate liability of DYNALOG in respect of any loss or damage suffered by the Purchaser and arising out of or in connection with this Agreement whether in contract tort including negligence or for breach of statutory duty or in any other way shall not exceed the price paid for the Program 7 3 DYNALOG shall not be liable in contract tort including negligence or for breach o
51. ated with many surveys Once ready press CREATE MAP OVERVIEW and the surveys will be shown on your mapping software In Google Earth each survey will appear in the Places menu MAP overview of Surveys c v 2010 T J original Surveys Overview kml Create Map Overview ADD REMOVE Files to process Fig 11 11 Create map overvievv vvindovv C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 69 Suu 3sAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe 11 4 2 GPS Functions DCAPP has the ability to fix surveys with missing or incorrect GPS data or adjust surveys based on the GPS data that vvas recorded To correct any GPS data click on CHECK GPS from the START UP screen to access the following window cancel Fig 11 12 GPS correction screen Re sequence Points from GPS e Force Chainage to GPS e nterpolate Extrapolate GPS Generate Missing GPS only Re Generate GPS from Suppressed Points ONLY Generate ALL Points from Chainage Resequence points from GPS If any data has been sequenced incorrectly i e distance from last point has been incorrectly entered for any point then sorting by GPS will put all points in their correct order jw Interpolate Extrapolate GPS e Generate missing GPS only Re Generate GPS from suppressed points ONLY Generate ALL points from chainage When saving points during a survey
52. ation data has been recalled the Detector will return to the CALIB screen in 3 above Simply press the button to back out of the MENU pages SuH 3SAS un diq ul ss pe C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 81 16 4 Display Messages Belovv is a list of display messages that may be encountered SOUEISISSE Bo jeu G 3251002 a ewwo JO 4015 Jeune SI 9JNSUJ a ENUBUI 9 JOINAGWOD 1insuo2 xipu ddv 996 a JUSJJNO 19S SNOIASJd o SUINJSJ u u sdolp 9JnjeJadue umop sinus EONEWOINE a s onp 1 S0UEISISSJ USYM SUI SMNS Bueuo s jqe o eabewep YyOOUD 4 2 40184 U C S poof lnsU4 SUOI OSUUOD e YOOUD s UO YIJMS 5 JOYEIQUBH UOREOO0 pue ease o UIN OY opd 1OO PEUS Ul 15 pue JO D9 9q HO YMS Bo eu G 1951002 a Aowa 129 9 pue ddyOq Buisn Joar peojumoq p jqeu 1 W JS S SdH U UA WNS Y sonsoubelig aen SdH 00q HY P RS AUI o uue1Boid sonsoubelg aen Sad 1009 94 doe day AJS JO M H p onnsqoun YUM 10 2 Q 2E d 126 02 sonsoubelp sr soejdey Leaders in Pipeline Survey Systems e ep pa d
53. ay as vvith Table view Correct GPS at Point Erroneous GPS data can be corrected Survey Change Split Survey This splits a single survey into two separate surveys such as when a surveyor accidentally surveys across a generator injection point Splitting a survey will keep the original survey and add the two split surveys to the end of the data set as new surveys Reverse Whole If a survey is taken in the wrong direction i e towards a Survey Signal Generator injection point then the whole survey can be reversed Copy to Clipboard Each graph can be copied to the clipboard for pasting into other programs 11 4 5 Show Close Interval Plots In normal circumstances the Attenuation and GPS plots in DCAPP are disabled when viewing Close Interval surveys as they can be misleading Attenuation and GPS readings taken at close intervals can display erroneous data but if you wish to view this data then select OShow plots in Close nterval C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 71 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe 11 5 Clearing the Detector Memory VVhen all data from the Detector has been dovvnloaded it is advisable to clear the memory From the Detector s MENU screen select CLEAR and press v to confirm 12 GPS GPS is an abbreviation for Global Positioning System vvhich consists of 24 satellites in low earth orbit The GPS receiver in C SCAN receives data from a number of these maximum 12 depending on which satellit
54. below graphically show this phenomenon x Attenuation is very high Current drops to zero At lJ 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Fig 8 1 Current and Attenuation plots at approach to IJ There are several methods of not only overcoming this but using the IJ as an advantage to surveying and these are detailed below C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 55 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T There are 4 recognised methods to survey near to or across an nsulation Joint Link Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 Use a link to bridge the lJ Both sections of the pipeline either side of the joint can be surveyed as if the joint were not there Use the IJ as the injection point This has the additional benefit that the entire signal will be sent in one direction along the pipeline Use the IJ to separate between the injection and earth points there s no need for a separate earth connection In this instance two separate surveys can be carried out One in either direction Use the Earth Spikes for the ground connection In this instance only run the earth cable parallel to the pipeline 56 6 7 Sacrificial Anodes These are generally used instead of an applied CP current as a means of protecting the pipeline They will show up as faults on a C SCAN survey and should be disconnected if possible because they will severely redu
55. calibration of the product C SCAN SURVEY MANUAL PREFACE This manual explains the operation of the C SCAN System for surveying the condition of the wrap or coating on buried metal pipelines and locating faults in the wrap t is intended for the use of surveyors with some experience of the survey and maintenance Of pipelines While the C SCAN equipment is reasonably robust and vveatherproof it contains delicate electronic components and should be handled with appropriate care and it should be transported in its specially designed soft cases or otherwise protected from major shocks The C SCAN Detector Unit can also be damaged by exposure to some forms of radiation and to static electricity Maintenance of this equipment should only be carried out by qualified personnel The material contained in this Manual is copyrighted by Dynalog Electronics Ltd and is not to be photocopied duplicated or reproduced in any form without the express written consent of Dynalog Electronics Ltd Publication in this manual of information on the design and operation of the C SCAN System does not confer any rights to use this information other than for the purpose of operating C SCAN equipment supplied by Dynalog Electronics Ltd Dynalog reserves the right to make improvements in its products without incurring any obligation to incorporate such improvements into products already sold Specifications instructions and other information contained in this Manua
56. ce the available current and thus shorten the length of pipeline that can be surveyed from one Signal Generator location 8 8 Pipeline Bends and Tees Bends of radius less than approximately 10 metres and T or Y junctions in pipelines will often result in local distortion of the radiated field because of mutual interference betvveen the signals from adiacent sections Although discrete coating faults can usually be located in these areas with a short Close nterval survey readings taken close to bends and Tees should not be used to compute attenuation levels over long sections of pipeline t must be remembered that bends can be vertical as well as horizontal especially near river and road crossings Reference points should where possible be at least five metres from a bend or junction If attenuation readings are made across a junction a fault will be indicated because the injected signal will split and part of the signal will travel along the other leg of the pipeline A good plan of the pipeline will help to identify these anomalies before they are encountered during a survey 6 9 Sleeves VVhen pipelines are sleeved under a roadvvay the pipeline is encased in a section of metal pipe of larger diameter which provides protection from mechanical damage However it is still possible to detect wrap faults on the enclosed pipeline provided that a There is no electrical connection between the pipe and the sle
57. cked including any cables being used Earth spike resistance Vs Current mA 10000 T S 1000 lt 2 100 ec o 2 10 1 i 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Current mA The graph above shows the earth contact resistance required for a given current to be achieved C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 24 swia shs ASAINS un diq ul SI pe T 4 9 Key Sequence for AUTO Operation AUTO Operation 5 Seconds C SCAN GENERATOR C SCAN GENERATOR Pipeline Ov CHECKING OK 99 85 v3 33 AUTO for 600mA or for MANUAL Hold AUTO Ti A for 1000mA 100 16 40 1005 08 40 AUTO 937 5Hz AUTO 937 5Hz AUTO 937 5Hz TARGET 600mA 150mA gt gt 600mA 408mA gt gt 600mA Ti Checking Tli 99 0 06 12 027 OUTPUT LOCKED SET to 600mA Ti15v 10 7v 100 OUTPUT IS LOCKED To UNLOCK A SET to 600mA 715w 10 7v 100 99 7 06 49 i25 GENERATOR OUTPUT SET to 600mA Til6w 10 7v 100 Survey may start 1 Minute If no key press 5 Seconds within10 Seconds To MANUAL Operation From MANUAL Operation OUTPUT UNLOCKED start NEW Survey if Output CHANGE Ti15v 10 7v 100 Output OFF AUTO A Restart SET to OmA Tli15w 10 7v 100 Switching off ISOLATE Battery When STORING for Long periods
58. d the usable time to the capacity of the external battery The external povver can be connected to the Signal Generator at any time even during a survey The Signal Generator vvill recognise the presence of the external povver and automatically svvitch to that povver source f the external povver source fails then the Signal Generator will automatically switch back to internal batteries until either the internal batteries are exhausted or the external povver source is replaced During external power use the Signal Generator will not display the battery and time indication instead EXTERNAL ON vvill be shovvn Note The external battery must be charged separately 2 4 Charging the Detector Unit There are two controls for the power supply to the Detector 1 The Main Power isolator switch located in the battery compartment and normally left ON 2 Por normal operational use the Detector is switched ON and OFF by pressing the button marked I O on the Detector display panel control keypad The Detector is powered by NiMH Nickel Metal Hydride C cells 4500mAh The battery compartment is pictured belovv Detector can be povvered either by re chargeable NiMH batteries OR by alkaline batteries A Only the NiMH batteries can be charged using the following procedure Using the charger C Cells with alkaline batteries installed in 4 5Ah NiMH the Detector will result in damage to the unit Main Power Isolator ON OFF
59. d unless the survey is carried out during the wet season when the soil resistivity drops significantly This is demonstrated on the following graph Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 52 10 various ground resitivities Attenuation Vs Conductance Attenuation mB m Conductance uS sqm 10k ohm cm LOOK ohm cm 1M ohm cm 10M ohm cm Fig 7 4 Attenuation v Conductance for various ground resistivities By studying the graph it can be seen that when soil resistivities are above 100k ohm cm the change in attenuation between fair and bad 500uS m and 2000uS m is very small There is very little change in attenuation on the 1M Q cm amp 10M Q cm lines between the two conductance values For further information about earthing grounding see section 16 2 below 7 12 Changes in Soil Resistivity Resistivity changes during the course of a survey should not materially affect the results as the current stabilising circuitry in the Signal Generator will ensure that the applied signal current remains constant despite such changes until deliberately altered by the Surveyor Seasonal changes in soil resistivity from a wet spring to a hot dry summer will affect the results but experience to date suggests that changes in attenuation arising from this cause are unlikely to exceed 5 This variation can be allowed for and is unlikely to affect the validity of the r
60. depth of pipe strength of signal the presence of large faults field distortion due to other pipes or buried structures close by etc n tests using a signal level between 90 and 140 mA and with minimum local distortion at depths down to 3 metres the depth reading was within 2 65 of the time and within 5 100 of the time At depths between 3 metres and 5 metres readings were within 2 20 of the time within 5 50 of the time and within 10 100 of the time 7 6 Close nterval Surveys To locate specific faults the suspect section should be narrowed down to 20 50 metres This will either be done by using the halving technique or by taking attenuation readings at closer intervals in areas commonly associated with faults see 6 3 3 The Operator should then take readings of current only at intervals of 3 5 metres over the suspect section using the Close Interval Mode described in section 6 8 2 These readings will be stored in a special format The faults will be located where there is a steep fall in current level and the precise position will usually be close to the mid point on the steepest slope If readings are taken at intervals smaller than 3 5 metres the signal errors will produce a saw tooth plot which could make it more difficult to identify the anomaly site For more information on how to complete a close interval survey refer to section 6 8 2 7 9 Repeat Surveys Much of the benefit of the signal attenuation survey s
61. e C SCAN Detector uses a temperature sensor to track the contrast with ambient temperature In normal use this will only need to be adjusted to suit personal preference but in cases of extreme temperature the contrast on the display may require adjustment If the temperature is hot then the display will begin to darken and the contrast will need to be manually reduced Likewise if the temperature is very cold the screen will lighten and the contrast will need to be increased Simply select the CONTRAST button CY and either decrease or increase the contrast using the lt and gt buttons To confirm your selection press v If the contrast is manually changed during extreme temperatures the display may become unreadable when the Detector is returned to normal temperatures making it difficult to see the contrast controls on screen In this instance ensure that the Detector is OFF by switching the main power isolator OFF After waiting for a few moments turn the switch ON to activate the Detector the GPS LED will illuminate briefly during start up Wait for a few moments to allow the Detector to complete its checks and then press the CONTRAST C key twice This will reset the contrast to factory default 3 5 2 LCD Backlight The C SCAN Detector is fitted with a LCD backlight to assist during low light conditions The backlight is ON by default and as it uses very little power it can generally be left in this state To toggle the backlight bet
62. e Recovery charging procedure belovv NOTE Up to this point no buttons have been pushed on the Detector display panel The only switch that has been activated is the Main Power Isolator in the battery compartment Suu s S un did ul ss pe i SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 12 e Standard charging procedure Locate the battery charger port on the right hand side of the Detector and unscrevv the port cover VVith the Detector in the OFF state attach the battery charger and connect the charger power cord to a mains outlet socket voltage selection is automatic Make sure the mains outlet is live Switch on the Detector either by the main power isolator or the I O key if isolator is already on The charge cycle will automatically commence and the display will show the charge screen and countdown timer Fig 2 4c below or If the Detector is already ON then the charge cycle can be initiated manually by selecting MENU from the START UP screen and selecting CHARGE as shown in figures 2 4a amp 2 4b below 31 7027288 CLEAR 24 090 dt 93 Time until charged ah C 3CAN 3 59 51 2 1 Version 1 16 GPS OFF ES Fig 2 4a Start up screen Fig 2 4b Menu screen Fig 2 4c charge screen When charging the Detector will display a timer screen that counts backwards the time displayed being the maximum time allowed to charge the batteries If the batteries are charged b
63. e a survey takes place it is recommended that as much detail as possible about the pipeline is gathered first Information such as river or road crossings bends T sections etc will prove invaluable to the surveyor when in the field See section 6 3 planning a Survey 4 3 Connection to Pipeline Before connecting to the pipeline three important considerations have to be taken into account 1 The location of a suitable injection point 2 The potential for damaging AC currents and DC voltages existing on the line and 3 The initial signal interference incurred when connecting to a pipeline These are discussed in more detail below 4 3 1 Location of Injection Point To begin a survey the Signal Generator must first be connected to the pipeline being surveyed the Signal Injection Point Selecting a good injection point is a key part of the surveying process When selecting the injection point it should be remembered that in most cases the applied signal will travel in both directions from the Injection Point and that the Detector can operate moving tovvards the niection Point Signal Generator as vvell as away from it Surveying away from the Injection Point will see decreasing current values and hence positive attenuation values while surveying towards the Injection Point will see increasing current values and therefore negative attenuation values t is alvvays recommended to survey away from the Injection Point so as to obtain pos
64. e can be affected by local soil resistivity in particular whether the pipeline is above or belovv the local vvater table and by the build up of corrosion deposits at a fault over time t is also possible that an apparently small fault at the surface of the wrap is related to a large area of hidden wrap disbondment and therefore produces a large local attenuation t is probable that for any given pipeline the correlation betvveen fault size and local attenuation will be closer but confirmation of this requires more data collected over an extended period C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 50 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T 7 6 Minimum Distance Betvveen Survey Points Unless a pipeline is in extremely poor condition it is not generally advisable to take attenuation measurements at less than 15 metre intervals because the possible signal errors are of a similar size to the signal loss on a vvell protected pipeline over such a short distance The attenuation readings obtained vvould thus be virtually meaningless This does not apply when the Surveyor is using the halving technique to narrow down the section in which an anomaly lies as here large local differences in attenuation are being sought which will be greater than ambient signal loss on a well protected pipeline 7 7 Reading Accuracy The accuracy of the readings obtained is generally in the range 2 but this can be affected by a number of factors
65. e detail in section 6 8 Fault Location After the halving method has been used to isolate the short Close Interval Survey Section 30 45m typical of pipeline in which the anomaly exists the CLOSE INTERVAL mode in C SCAN can be used to identify the anomaly location and extent for later action as necessary C SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 31 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe 6 2 2 Survey Procedure Overview To carry out the above surveys the follovving procedure is follovved These procedures are explained in more detail in the appropriate chapter listed Survey Planning It is always advisable to gather as much information as 6 3 possible about the pipeline being surveyed before a survey starts Signal Injection Connect the Signal Generator to the pipeline being 4 3 surveyed using the methods described in this manual Ensure that the signal cannot escape to or enter from another pipeline Locate Pipeline Use the SEARCH screen to locate the position of the 6 4 2 pipeline Locate Overhead Use the OVERHEAD bars to accurately locate the 6 4 3 position above the pipeline Record Sample Take a reading from the OVERHEAD position and store 6 4 4 the reading in the Detector s memory Repeat until lovv Continue taking readings at appropriate intervals until 6 4 8 signal the signal on the pipeline becomes too low Move Generator To continue surveying the pipeline the Signal 6 4 9 Generator will ne
66. e entire top plate heatsink avvay from the casing in an upvvard left motion be careful not to damage any cables during this process Once the top plate is avvay from the casing the cable assembly can be removed through the access panel on the underside by pressing the locking tab on the connector The top plate can be then removed completely and stored safely 8 x side bolts Using the strap fitted lift the battery to an upright position so that it is possible to access the terminals Remove the terminal bolts and extract the battery completely Only replace the battery vvith a genuine Yuasa battery of the same type and specification Any other battery fitted vvill invalidate any vvarranty that may be in place Re fitting is a reversal of removal C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 85 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T Appendix 1 COM ports in VVindovvs The COM port is a label used to identify where a peripheral has been attached to a computer Serial cables 9 way D shaped connectors are set to COM1 by default so ifa serial cable is used to connect the C SCAN to a computer then this defaults to COM1 Ifa USB cable is used then a higher COM number is assigned automatically VVithin Dynalog s software only active COM poris will be displayed so if the C SCAN is the only USB device connected to the computer then only one COM port in addition to COM1 will be shown and this can be selected in any of the requi
67. e previous survey so that no gaps appear in the data Remember that the first 10 15m from the injection point cannot be surveyed 2 When the Generator is moved or the output current changed a new survey must be started 6 5 Survey Numbering amp Memory Storage The first survey stored into an empty Detector memory will be allocated the ident S 00 and each new survey will be automatically incremented by 1 Similarly starting with survey point 00 each survey point stored is incremented by 1 For example S 00 00 05 The total number of points or surveys that C SCAN can hold in its memory is 500 points spread over 100 surveys whichever number is reached first so although it is unlikely that a surveyor will run out of memory it is advisable to download the data and clear the memory after each survey or survey series Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe i C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 6 6 Notes on Entering Distances The distance that is entered is crucial to calculating the correct attenuation hence it is very important that this value is correct Remember that the distance entered relates to pipeline distance not the direct distance betvveen tvvo points If two successive points are taken around a bend in a pipeline and GPS is being used it is important to enter the pipeline distance and NOT use the GPS distance as this vvill cause an error GPS will only calculate the straight line distance
68. ector Unit The Detector Unit is housed in a vveatherproof plastic case The front tube contains the antenna system and the keyboard and LCD display are mounted on the top of the tube vvith the main computer and GPS system The base compartment contains the communications and charger computer the batteries and connectors gt Display and Keypad Carrying Handle Battery Compartment J USB PC Connection Battery Charger port Fig 1 2 Detector Unit The antenna consists of a number of large diameter air cored coils In operation the computer calculates the vector sum of the field strengths measured by the coils over the length of the instrument The Detector display as shown on page 17 indicates to the operator the location of the pipeline and its approximate distance away guiding the operator towards the pipeline VVhen the field measured by the vertical axis coil falls below a threshold value the instrument display changes the pipeline position indicator shows the pipeline in the centre of the display and the overhead location bars begin to close When these bars are as close together as possible the Detector is positioned in the vertical centreline of the pipeline When the Detector is stationary in this overhead position a sample of 300 readings of the field strength values can be taken over a period of approximately six seconds The computer will then calculate the depth of the pipeline from the base of t
69. ed the Detector Unit enters SEARCH mode The SEARCH mmg 1 2m HAAR screen allows the Surveyor to locate the pipeline so that 45 ay n readings can be taken The main components of the 1 219m SEARCH Screen can be seen in more detail in section 3 5 above By studying that section and comparing to the example in Fig 5 4 right the following can be observed Pipeline Location The central circle is indicating that t 1 zib n the location of the pipeline is behind and to the right of GPS GOOD SATH 6 the Detector Unit and the Surveyor the Detector and BE TE IIe Surveyor always being in the centre of the circle and TRE the pipeline indicated by the straight line crossing the circle Fig 5 5 below compares the SEARCH screen to the actual positions of the Detector and Pipeline As the Surveyor rotates right to face the pipeline the screen will show the pipeline move until it is in front of the Surveyor Distance to Pipeline In this example the distance to the overhead position of the pipeline is approximately 1 2m as shown at the top of the screen Depth of Pipeline The SEARCH screen indicates the depth to the centre of the pipeline Sf is 1 3m To change this to depth of cover press the key adjacent to the cover symbol z bottom LH corner box If the pipeline diameter has not been entered then this symbol will not be shovvn and only the depth to centre can be displayed Pipeline diameter can be entered from the
70. ed to be moved and a new survey started The new injection point should allow for an overlap with the previous survey to ensure that no part of the pipeline is left un surveyed Download Data Once the area to be surveyed has been completed the 11 2 data can be downloaded to computer using Dynalog s DCAPP software Analyse amp Report Once downloaded the data can be analysed using 11 4 3 DCAPP and either printer or exported for use in other programs or documents reports Clear C SCAN Once the data has been successfully downloaded the 11 5 detector memory can be cleared before the next survey 6 3 Survey Planning No two pipelines will produce identical survey results because of variations in size coating age soil conditions etc but Dynalog has built up field experience over an extended series of trials which can provide initial guidance on survey planning and interpretation of the results obtained As the Surveyor acquires his own field experience particularly with repeat surveys on the same pipelines he will refine and add to these techniques and develop additional skills in interpretation 6 3 1 Preparation Before starting any survey it is advisable to assemble as much information as possible about the pipeline This should include a large scale map 1 5000 or better showing the location of the pipeline and any other pipelines in the area the approximate positions of all branches valves CP Test Posts anodes sleeves and a
71. efore that time has expired charging will be terminated and the unit will revert to trickle charge and the display will switch off automatically If it is necessary to terminate the charging cycle before the batteries are fully charged the charging cycle may be ended by pressing the X key The display will shut off and the unit vvill enter trickle charge e Recovery charging procedure If the NiMH batteries are completely exhausted flat the Detector display will either not activate after the I O button on the display panel is pressed or display a BATTERY LOW warning ensure batteries are installed and main power isolator battery switch is ON In this instance it maybe necessary to attempt to recover the batteries by the following method Make sure the main power isolator in the battery compartment is ON position Connect the charger power cord to the mains supply outlet socket Make sure the socket is live Leave the charger attached for 30 minutes The charger will now attempt to recover the batteries but the screen will not display When the batteries have been charged sufficiently the unit will automatically turn on and continue the charge cycle as described in the standard charging procedure If the unit fails to switch on disconnect the charger switch off at main power isolator for 5 seconds then on again The Detector should start and display the START UP screen The standard charging procedure above can the
72. egative Attenuation functions is used DCAPP analyses the data in reverse form and will assume that the Start Point is always correct which may not be the case Selecting Remove From Start will analyse any negative attenuations at the start of a survey after the initial calculations have been completed 11 1 3 Pipeline Details The PIPELINE DETAILS D form allows the user to enter useful information about the pipeline and the survey conditions This can be used as a reference when looking back over previous surveys or can be used to note the conditions prior to a repeat survey being carried out To change any details simply select the appropriate box and enter the new information When changing Pipeline Diameter or Wall Thickness the units used must be entered or you will be prompted for them e g A 16 inch pipeline should be entered as 10 or 406mm If a diameter or wall thickness is changed DCAPP will ask if this change should be applied to ALL surveys Selecting YES will change all surveys in the downloaded file selecting NO will change only the current survey Note The Original File Name field is not user definable see How to download in section 11 2 for more details i Survey details SURVEY REFERENCE NUMBER Hide Coating and Soil f Unknown Pipeline Reference Generator connection point PE Tape 1 3mm er 27 C PE Tape 2 30mm e 30 Pipeline Section t th point ipeline Section enerator earth poin FBE kne
73. emory As before an H 1 3Bm overview of the data is given at the top of the screen _ _ but this time with the addition of the following oe 8 69m 163 7 Distance from previous location point l HDD Dn As this is the first point 000 000m is shovvn Chainage Om 5400 Survey Number To store this data press the v key and C SCAN will store the data and return to the START UP screen To revert to the previous screen press the X key Fig 6 8 Start Point screen Press the v key novv to store this Start Point The first survey polnt has novv been completed 6 4 5 Subsequent Samples Novv that a Start Point has been recorded subsequent samples can be taken to assess the condition of the coating between these sections The Detector should now be moved an appropriate distance ready for the next sample The distance moved can depend on many factors such as e The type of survey Baseline surveys will have more regular survey points closer together Repeat surveys may vary their survey points depending on the coating area being surveyed e Attention to specific sections of pipeline Road or river crossings or areas of high consequence such as built up areas may vvarrant closer inspection e Access to the pipeline Survey points will often be dictated by the topography of the area and will vary if the ideal position is in the middle of a river or road etc e Quality of coating The fur
74. entation in part or in whole is granted by DYNALOG Should additional copies of the documentation be required for whatever reason application must be made in writing to DYNALOG which will be considered in its discretion 5 BREACH If the Purchaser acts in breach of any of these terms and conditions it shall indemnify DYNALOG against all loss suffered including loss of profits and the licence granted hereunder shall be deemed to be terminated forthwith DYNALOG may also terminate the licence hereby granted without notice if the Purchaser declares itself bankrupt or in the case of a business customer only if it shall cease to carry on its business or shall have a liquidator receiver or administrative receiver appointed to it or over any part of its undertaking or assets or shall pass a resolution for its winding up otherwise than for the purpose of a bona fide scheme of solvent amalgamation or reconstruction where the resulting entity shall assume all of the liabilities of it or a court of competent jurisdiction shall make an order or shall enter into any voluntary arrangement with its creditors or shall be unable to pay its debts as they fall due On termination the Purchaser shall cease using the Program and deliver up to DYNALOG all infringing and lawful copies of the Program within seven days of termination of the licence hereby granted 6 EXCLUSIONS Neither DYNALOG nor any person authorised by it gives warranties or makes representations th
75. er nterval 25m square metres This is to maintain world wide compatibility Only Depth Cover Chainage and Distance will be converted ta ke n ove r 1 1 5 1 1 m Click on Depth column header to get Cover mi y HO D 22 00 06 44N29 485 012w03 050 22 00 16 44N23 467 012W03 150 22 00 26 44N23 44 012w03 300 22 00 36 44N23 43 O12W03 384 22 00 48 44N23 424 012w03 539 22 01 19 es 1151 0 es 44N23 424 012 03 700 22 01 35 D add These two anomaly areas p gt al apr Fel sn sl a were identified by the high Attenuation attenuations seen between Point data survey points 1 gt 2 and Survey 000 4 15 Location 6 Position 1151m PS used yes Depth 1 041615m Current 52 746361m Attenuation 6 to 5 over 213m 24mb m Conductance 6 to 5 over 213m 20 76u5 sqm East West 1126 85 North South 202 49 Symbol No symbol Comments 29 06 2006 Raw data Sas C SCAN Close Interval survey was then carried out from just before survey point lt Point data 1 The resulting current only A survey identified the defect A located in mid point of the steep drop in current Images taken from DCAPP Comments Current 80 120 Distance m Pan lt gt 29 06 2006 Raw data Display all maps on load Auto Analyse C SAN20D SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 59 Stuu s S
76. er C SCAN SETUP 5 4 screen e 0 Q S o 2 Li o lt 0 lt o gala 3 o C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 29 Setup Pressing SETUP opens the SETUP screen allowing the following options to be set or updated Option Description Section e Prog Update the Firmware inside 14 the C SCAN eDemo Turn On Off Demo mode 10 ex Exit screen GPS Re configure GPS system 12 Setup Tum on External GPS capability Update Location e Date Change the date stored in 2 4 C SCAN e Time Change the time stored in 2 4 C SCAN Calib Recall the factory 16 3 calibration details VVipe all data and return C SCAN to factory default 5 5 Survey Screens Fig 5 7 Setup screen The SURVEY screens seen during the process of carrying out a survey are described in section 6 DETECTOR UNIT Field Operations GJAN20D SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 SW3JS G un diq ul ss pe 30 6 DETECTOR UNIT Field Operations 6 1 Operating Environment The Detector is housed in a strong vveather proof case but is still a precision measuring instrument and should be treated as such t is vveatherproof to IP65 with total immersion up to a maximum of 500mm and is resistant to oils and alkalines 6 2 Survey Principles The various types of survey and the general procedure for completing a survey are outlined belovv These concentrate on coating evaluation surveys and vvill
77. ersion 6 03 54 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe 6 5 Cross Bonds Pipelines which run near to each other are frequently bonded to reduce the possibility of corrosion being induced on one of them by a high CP potential on the other These bonds can usually be disconnected at CP test posts t is usually advisable to disconnect all cross bonds for at least the next five to ten kilometres when carrying out a survey If this cannot be done the bonds will show up as faults and some of the signal will be transferred to the other line where it may be picked up during the survey t is usually possible to distinguish the survey pipeline from the one carrying a signal returned via a cross bond by the considerable difference in signal strength 8 6 Insulating Joints Flanges Where pipelines enter hazardous areas or at the interface between a section protected by sacrificial anodes and a section protected by an applied CP potential e g at the shore line it is sometimes the practice to insert an insulating joint flange which electrically isolates one section of pipeline from the other If the C SCAN operator is surveying the CP protected section and approaches such a flange the signal level will drop rapidly and there may be a very high apparent attenuation and depth over the last few hundred metres before the flange as the entire signal must leave the pipeline before the Insulating Joint The attenuation and current plots
78. es are in view When first turned on the GPS unit attempts to acquire the satellites that are in vievv Acquisition times can be as quick as 2 30 seconds but can be significantly longer If the Detector has been moved a large distance or it is the first time the Detector has been used acquisition time is likely to be longer Although not essential downloading the GPS Almanac will assist in faster acquisition times in the future The Almanac will automatically download but needs around 15 minutes of continuous GPS data To do this leave the detector in search mode vvith the GPS svvitched ON for at least 15 minutes The minimum number of satellites needed to calculate a position is 3 The more satellites that are acquired the more accurate the displayed position will be The SEARCH screen will display the co ordinates of the last good signal so if signal is lost for any reason the position displayed could be incorrect To confirm if the co ordinates displayed are current simply press the GPS SAT key vvhich vvill display the status of the GPS signal and the number of satellites acquired gar 5 5m HABB g r 8 HABB SH SH 48 1 219m 1 219m SH dn 7163mA SH dn 1 1H28 4262 00 2423 4546 GPS GOOD SAT I6 BP leg BE TF 1512 2334 och Close GRS och Close GRS b ce hee SRF b Ag Fig 12 1 Latitude Longitude Fig 12 2 GPS signal GOOD with
79. esults For regular check surveys it is suggested that any given pipeline is always surveyed at the same time of year to minimise possible interpretation errors from this source If preferred the resistivity of the soil can be measured with the appropriate equipment and the reading can be entered into DCAPP when the data is downloaded 7 13 New Pipelines It is strongly urged that new pipelines should be checked section by section after laying but before backfill is complete This will enable the surveyor to locate many of the wrap faults and damage caused during installation so that repairs can be effected with minimum disturbance and delay Current values and attenuation rate but not accurate depth readings can be obtained from the side of the trench by tilting the Detector so that the antenna tube points at the pipeline and the OVERHEAD signal is obtained on the display GJAN20D SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 53 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe 8 INTERFERENCE AND FIELD DISTORTION 8 1 The C SCAN Signal The C SCAN System operates with a clean sine wave signal of 937 5Hz The band width of the filters on the Detector is less than 20Hz The frequency used and the small band width have been selected to minimise interference from commonly occurring frequencies while maximising the distance that the signal can travel and still provide useful data 5 10 kilometres on a reasonably well protected pipeline 8
80. eve b The sleeve itself has some form of coating inside and out c The annular space between the pipe and the sleeve is filled with some reasonably conductive medium e g moist grout d There is a potential electrical path between the filler and the surrounding soil Useful results may be obtained in the absence of some of these conditions but they should not be relied upon Reference readings should not be taken over sleeved sections of pipeline 8 10 Effects of Return Current When part of the applied signal current escapes through a wrap fault into the soil it will travel in the general direction of the Signal Generator earth point After a short distance the return current will become dispersed and virtually undetectable but close to the fault this current may produce a field which will interfere with the field radiating from the pipeline This may produce a dip in the apparent pipeline current plotted during a close interval locating survey i e after the sharp fall in signal current indicating the presence of an anomaly or fault the current may return part way to its original level when the effects of the return current are no longer present This effect is particularly marked when operating close to the earth point when the fault is large and when the pipe itself is large and with cover of less than 1x the diameter C SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 57 Suu 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe 8
81. f pipeline is particularly high serious anomalies or a large number of small anomalies in the protective coating are indicated Intermediate readings of attenuation levels can be taken to identify the worst sections and the precise location of these anomalies generally to an accuracy of 1 2 metres can be determined by recording and plotting the actual current levels at close intervals 3 5 metres over the suspect section and noting those places where the rate of current decline Is steepest The most serious anomalies can then be excavated and repaired C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T 1 OUTLINE OF THE C SCAN SYSTEM The main elements of the C SCAN Pipeline Coating Evaluation System are the Signal Generator and the Detector Unit The Signal Generator is connected to the pipeline and to an appropriate ground point and generates a constant AC signal which passes along the pipeline this in turn produces an electromagnetic field which radiates from the pipeline The Detector Unit measures the strength of this electromagnetic field radiating from the pipeline and uses it to determine the location and depth of the pipe along vvith the residual current remaining on the pipeline at the observation point This data is stored in the memory of the Detector Unit s computer and is used to compute and store attenuation rates between any two given observation points The complete record of the sur
82. f statutory duty or in any other way for 7 3 1 any economic losses including without limitation loss of revenues profits contracts business or anticipated savings or 7 3 2 any loss of goodwill or reputation or 7 3 3 any special or indirect or consequential losses in any case whether or not such losses were advised to DYNALOG or its dealer suffered or incurred by the Purchaser arising out of or in connection with the use by the Purchaser of the Program or any other matter under this Agreement 8 MISCELLANEOUS 8 1 The Purchaser confirms that in agreeing to enter into this Agreement it has not relied on any representation save insofar as the same has expressly in this Agreement been made a representation and agrees that it shall have no remedy in respect of any misrepresentation which has not become a term of this Agreement save that the agreement of the Purchaser contained in this clause shall not apply in respect of any fraudulent or negligent misrepresentation whether or not such has become a term of this Agreement 8 2 This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of England and Wales The Purchaser hereby irrevocably submits to the non exclusive jurisdiction of the English courts in respect of any dispute or matter arising out of or in connection with this Agreement 8 3 The Purchaser agrees to supply vehicle statistics excluding vehicle and personal specific data via electronic transfer on subsequent
83. ghted in red Fig 11 3 Pipeline layout 11 1 2 Table View The TABLE VIEW E shows the tabular data for a particular survey If you wish to ignore a particular survey point s then these points can be disabled suppressed by clearing the tick box DCAPP will re calculate and the graphs will be re drawn ignoring the disabled suppressed point s Alternatively if there is a large amount of survey data the FILTER function can be used to filter the data at predefined intervals e g 25m No data is lost when survey points are disabled and they can be re enabled at anytime Su 3sAS un did ul ss pe i C SCAN200 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 64 ip Table View Filter Parameters x HASAR jw Use interval filter Filter Negative Attenuations use disabled points 2 Il Filter nterval 25 oe U MALA na er Filter Negative Attenuations don t use disabled points Filter Filter Negative Attenuations remove from start Convert to feet Pipeline Details Surveying TOWARDS generator invert attenuation Note When converting units from feet to metres or from metres to feet Attenuation Conductance and Resistance will always be in metres or square metres This is to maintain world wide compatibility Only Depth Cover Chainage and Distance will be converted Click on Location column header to sort by location number Click on Chainage column header to sort by chainage Used Locati
84. he Detector to the centre line of the pipeline and the strength of the residual signal current on the pipe The DEPTH and CURRENT values in metres and mA are shown on the LCD Using the keyboard and following the prompts appearing on the display the operator can store the displayed data which is automatically given a reference number and request the computer to calculate the logarithmic attenuation of the signal from any previous location stored in its memory This information is displayed on the LCD and is also stored The total number of points or surveys that Detector can hold in its memory is 500 points spread over 100 surveys whichever number is reached first so although it is unlikely that a surveyor will run out of memory it is advisable to download the data and clear the memory after each survey or survey series Each survey data point contains the location GJAN20D SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe reference number GPS location depth of pipeline strength of signal current distance from a previous location reference and logarithmic attenuation of the signal in millibels per metre mB m between the two points At the beginning of each survey the computer vvill also note automatically the time and date using the internal clock and this information will also appear on the subsequent download printout At the end of a survey or whenever required the Detector Unit may be plugged
85. iffer slightly but all require the same basic principle a good low resistance connection to the pipeline and a good low resistance earth to complete the electrical circuit Many surveys are compromised before they even start by a poor connection to a rusty valve Once the signal iniection point has been chosen the Signal Generator should be placed close to it and connected to it using one of the Earth Pipe leads plugged into the Pipe socket The other Earth Pipe lead should be plugged into the Ground socket and connected to a suitable earth Arguabiy the best connection point to use is the TR station used for Cathodic Protection as this has a direct connection to the pipeline and its ovvn ground bed for a good earth connection If the TR station is to be used as a connection then it must be switched off de energised and the positive and negative leads disconnected from their relevant busses The Signal Generator can then be connected to these positive and negative leads Failure to shut dovvn or disconnect the TR station before connecting the Signal Generator may permanently damage the Signal Generator If connecting using CP test posts it is still imperative to disconnect active TR stations vvithin 1000m vvhile carrying out a survey In all situations the tests detailed in section 4 3 2 should alvvays be carried out before connecting the Signal Generator Suu 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03
86. ight Microsoft Corporation Google Earth is copyright Google Inc DYNALOG LICENCE AGREEMENT IMPORTANT These products are supplied to you on the terms and conditions of the licence agreement indicated below If you proceed to install these products you will be deemed to have accepted of these terms and conditions f such terms and conditions are not accepted by you do not install the product The programs in the provided Suite are subject to this licence agreement namely DCAPP GE DCAPP 2010 DCAPP for Excel C SCAN Upgrader C SCAN Diagnostics and C SCAN Manuals n this licence DYNALOG means DYNALOG ELECTRONICS Ltd and The Program means the program or programs and online documentation that are about to be installed The Purchaser does not hereby acquire any rights of ovvnership in the Program The Product means the device or devices that the program is designed to connect to 1 COPYRIGHT The copyright and all other intellectual property rights in the Program shall be and remain vested in DYNALOG DYNALOG grants to the Purchaser of this package a non exclusive right to use the Program in accordance with these terms and conditions Such Licence may be transferred only in accordance with Clause 3 below Any other use or dealing not expressly authorised by these terms and conditions is strictly prohibited 2 USE The Program may only be used on a single machine or terminal at any one time but may be copied in support of that u
87. ignal Press the CALCULATION key when its symbol appears C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 34 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T il Calculate After a small delay indicated by the hour glass symbol the screen will display the calculated results see Fig 6 6 right The Depth of Cover 22 Depth to Centre 22 and Current remaining on the pipeline are shovvn Statistical analysis shovvs the error function for depth and current shown as 0 00 in this example To return to the SEARCH screen simply select the C SEARCH key 163 vun 7 H mA NOTE If no pipeline diameter wall thickness has been entered then the Depth of Cover cannot be Etat displayed and will be shown instead This C Stats data can be entered when storing the data in Fig 6 6 the Calculate screen ili below Three newly available keys are now displayed STATS this gives the statistical breakdown of the samples taken STORE 3 this stores the data and continues to the next screen RE CALCULATE 444 this retakes the sample and re calculates the data To store the sampled data into C SCAN s memory press the STORE 3 i key now ili Store Data The STORE DATA screen gives the Surveyor an overview of the sampled data depths amp current and gives the opportunity to enter or change the follovving H 69m al 1 Ain PIPELINE SPECIFICATION 4 If the diameter 162 m i and wa
88. ing as an antenna and re radiating a signal vvhich may overlap with the C SCAN signal If the existence of such interference is suspected the operator should turn off the Signal Generator and check vvhether a signal can still be detected on the pipeline If the external signal appears to be constant the true C SCAN signal vvill be arrived at by subtracting the value of the external signal Overhead power lines of normal height will not normally affect the readings The instrument may pick up transient signals vvithin its frequency range vvhich arise in a random fashion from e g telephone lines laid close to the pipeline but these vvill usually be eliminated by the signal averaging system 6 4 Buried Metal Structures Buried metal structures which are relatively large e g other pipelines and pass close to or lie in the same trench as the pipeline under survey can sometimes pick up the applied signal and re radiate it This can occur through inductance or through signal current escaping from a fault in the wrap on one pipeline and transferring to the other This is particularly likely to occur if the Signal Generator Earth Spike has been placed close to say an unwrapped iron water pipe which also crosses the pipe being surveyed at some point The operator will usually recognise the anomalous readings produced in this situation and must repeat the survey with the Signal Generator at a different location C SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL V
89. ing criteria 1 VVrap Coating condition 2 Amount of signal applied For a pipeline with poor coating the attenuations will be high and therefore the range will be limited as more of the signal is leaked from the pipeline through poor coating If a low signal is applied the range is also reduced t must be noted that a doubling of the injection current will not result in twice the distance achieved The following graph shows the relationship between the maximum range versus attenuation for a given injection current The graph assumes that the Signal Generator current is split into two at the injection point i e half the signal goes in one direction and half in the other as is normally the case f a survey starts at an insulating joint flange then the current is doubled as all the signal heads in the same direction See section 8 6 for more information Range Vs attenuation 100000 10000 l 1000 distance m 10 x x PER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Attenuation mb m p i im i ip apr XX XX 1000mA 600mA 150mA Fig 7 3 Range v Attenuation 7 5 Fault Size There is no general linear relationship betvveen local attenuation figures and size of fault anomaly Thes
90. ion 74 2 17 PSR 74 3 SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 121 C eo oni a l 74 13 BATTERY INFORMAT ON 75 VL Banery kil ban 75 13 2 Battery Tue Te de 76 13 3 Power MOS 76 14 UPDPDATING a a R R YR aaa KE usss 76 10 DIAGNOSTIES en TT 10 FAG NOTES uu iu na 79 16 1 TR Stations The need to disconnect 79 16 2 Generator Connection Problems 79 16 2 1 Connecting to the Pipeline 80 16 2 2 Establishing a good earth 80 16 2 3 Use alternative earth connectiohn 80 16 3 Re call Calibration Settings 81 16 4 Display Messages yaa aaa aa lada 82 17 SPECIFICATION REZA UU U U U Q uu u 83 19 MAINTENANCE Ge 85 APPENDIX 1 COM PORTS IN WINDOWS
91. ion immediately before and after the repair work d Where any excavations building work pipe laying road works etc are to take place near the pipeline arrange for a check survey of the relevant section before and after the work to establish the responsibility for any resultant damage e Repeat a periodically say every 1 2 years if possible taking readings at exactly the same places each time to facilitate comparisons and the identification of rates of pipeline deterioration f Correlate data on local mB m losses or percentage current loss with actual fault sizes for different coatings sizes of pipe and soil conditions and correlate CP current drain with local attenuation rates to improve the predictive value of the data collected 7 11 High Soil Resistivities If the earth resistance is extremely high it may not be possible to obtain a useful signal current even with all the available Earth Spikes in use This may occur in extremely dry terrain desert or semi desert or where there is only a thin covering of soil over rock with a high electrical resistance e g granite In this situation it may be necessary to prepare a special ground bed to minimise the resistance This can be done by laying a Spike on a sheet of aluminium foil which is placed in a trench covered with water and buried In extremely high resistivity soils the resistivity is of the order of the pipeline coating In this case only serve faults can be foun
92. ischarge completely and if possible the generator should be put on charge at the end of each day s survey This vvill extend the life of the battery When storing for long periods in excess of 1 month isolate the battery using the isolator svvitch Check and charge the battery every 6 months NOTE The batteries are shipped in a lovv state of charge and it may take many hours of continuous charging to reach a fully charged state The unit should be left on charge until it turns itself off There are tvvo battery chargers supplied vvith the equlpment They are identical and can be used interchangeably to charge either the Signal Generator or the Detector Unit The Signal Generator is povvered by a completely sealed lead acid battery This battery is permanently installed and may be replaced only by a trained technician IMPORTANT Interrupting the initial charging cycle may seriously affect the ability of the batteries ever to reach full capacity When shipping by air the battery must be isolated SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 10 2 3 Signal Generator External Povver If the internal battery of the Signal Generator is too lovv to complete or carry out a survey and there is no time to charge the Signal Generator an external 12 18 volt battery car battery etc can be connected using the cable supplied 9 vvay socket terminated vvith red and black crocodile clips This vvill exten
93. istance between the current survey point and all previous survey points of the current survey This is not available during BROWSE mode Fig 6 12 Graphs screen GPS POSITION PLOT Hse this shows a plan view of the pipeline to scale ATTENUATION PLOT Hii a bar graph of the attenuations recorded during this survey CURRENT PLOT Gs shows the absolute current over the surveyed sections DEPTH PLOT be shows the depth to the centre line 571 of the pipeline or depth of cover 221 C SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 38 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe Within each graph the following options are available 41 Move to previous survey point Zk Move to next survey point To return to the START UP screen press the SEARCH icon 3 The Detector is now ready to move to the next survey position and repeat the above process 6 4 6 Lov Signal The above process of taking and recording samples can be repeated until the signal from the Signal Generator is too weak to pick up This is indicated on the search screen section 5 3 by the LOW indicator flashing between L u 4 and LOWE When this occurs the Signal Generator needs to be moved to continue the survey 6 4 9 Move Generator To continue a survey the Signal Generator can be moved and connected to the pipeline as before When moving the Signal Generator two important points should be remembered 1 Ensure there is some overlap with th
94. itive attenuation values and never to survey across the Injection Point Although these mistakes can be amended in DCAPP after downloading the survey it is good practice to get into the habit Of proper survey techniques from the start Once the survey direction and area to be surveyed have been established a suitable injection point will need to be found such as a Cathodic Protection CP Test Post Transformer Rectifler TR Station valve or similar 4 3 2 Check Pipeline Before connecting the Signal Generator to the pipeline it is very important to confirm if any AC currents or DC voltages exist on the pipeline being surveyed Although the Signal Generator contains protection circuitry this should only be relied upon as a last resort and all surveys should begin vvith the follovving procedure e Disconnect all CP stations and cross bonds to other pipelines within 1000m e Connect the Pipe and Ground leads to the pipeline and suitable earth but do not connect to the Signal Generator yet Using a multi meter set to AC current connect betvveen the Pipe and Ground leads f the meter indicates a value above 100mA RMS then there is a foreign AC signal on the line DO NOT CONNECT SIGNAL GENERATOR C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 19 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul SI pe T e Set the multi meter to DC volts and re connect between the Pipe and Ground leads as before and again before they are connected to the Signal Generator f
95. king 2077 AXM power sense upper checkin GPS ant ok S Lower Antennae values Upper Antennae values Lower Antennae frequency started Upper Antennae frequency 0 Checking versions Fig 15 2 Diagnostics check SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 77 SuH 3SAS un diq ul ss pe If all checks are successful ID C SCAN Diagnostics V2 0 then Idle Checks done is displayed and the prog ram I ura upper K ca n n OVV e ith e r b e cl OS ed O r Lower Antennae Version 2557577 th e te st ca n b e re sta rted by Upper Antennae Version Ge FR Ges 5 Es S e e Cti n g R E D O Temperature sense upper K B Temperature sense lower OK View Log Exit Stored checksum upper OK Stored checksum lower K Prior survey checks GPS not used GPS ant ok AXM power sense upper OK AM power sense lower OK GPS Communications OK GPS antennae OK GPS Type NMEA Lower Antennae frequency ended Upper Antennae frequency Lower Antennae values 0 Upper Antennae values 0 Idle checks done Fig 15 3 Checks complete If any checks fail then they D C SCAN Diagnostics V20 z ml x are highlighted in red as COM9 D Check which COM port is used Usually serial ports are COM1 and any installed USB to serial ports are last in the list S h OVV n O p p OS ite Firmware Version Checking Communications upper FAIL Communications lower OK
96. l are subject to change without notice Before any setup vvork or survey vvork is undertaken these instructions must be read and fully understood by the operators who will carry out the survey work using this equipment United Kingdom Health amp Safety at Work Act 1974 Section 6 a of this Act requires manufacturers to advise their customers on the safety and handling precautions to be observed when installing operating maintaining and servicing their products The user s attention is therefore drawn to the following 1 The appropriate sections of this manual must be read carefully before using the equipment 2 Operation and maintenance must only be carried out by suitably trained personnel 3 Normal safety precautions must be taken and appropriate procedures observed to avoid accidents Refer to the equipment suppliers name and address below for any technical advice or product information Any comments queries or suggestions concerning this manual should be sent to Dynalog Electronics Limited PO Box 1073 Bristol BS15 0DW United Kingdom enquiry dynalog co uk web www dynalog co uk Issue 6 03 1510 E amp OE For firmware versions 3 10 or higher C SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 Suu 3sAS un diq ul ss pe i 1 OUTLINE OF THE C SCAN SYSTEM 7 1 1 Signal Generator
97. ll thickness of the pipeline were not set uu before the survey vvas started then this pipe start Point symbol will flash and the Surveyor is given a second opportunity to enter the data If the details were previously entered then no symbol will appear as in this example VISIBLE FEATURE lt This enables a graphic icon representing a landscape feature to be noted and tagged to the data These can aid future Fig 6 Store Data screen location or to act as a reference when studying the data after the survey For a full list of the icons see page 17 above from the previous survey point It can be useful when entering distances referenced from a pipeline distance marker which aids in cross referencing later See section 6 7 As this is the first point of the survey there is no other point of reference with which to calculate attenuation conductance and resistance so this point is designated the START POINT All new surveys begin with a Start Point NOTE Pressing the X key returns to the SEARCH screen and no data is stored NOTE For this example only relative distances are used i e the distance from the previous survey point Chainage is covered in Section 6 7 later in this manual Press the STORE key now C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 35 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T iv Start Point Screen The START PO NT screen in Fig 6 8 is the final screen before data is stored in m
98. many of the elements of the SEARCH screen that are already familiar As with the SEARCH screen the Pipeline Position Indicator is shown as a circle and line but this time it is located in the top right of the screen vvith the approximate distance shovvn above The tvvo Overhead Location Bars are also shovvn as before along vvith the Depth and Current The difference in the CLOSE INTERVAL screen is the graph displays the calculated current in real time for each point As the Detector reads the current a dot is displayed on the graph representing the current on the pipeline Check the unit is overhead by using the circle and overhead bars as before Fig 6 20 Close Interval screen GJAN20D SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 44 SWBJS G ASAINS un diq ul ss pe When a reading is ready to be taken the calculate key is used as normal The Detector vvill take a range of samples as before but instead of changing to the STORE screen the graph changes to a vertical bar shovving the maximum minimum and average current readings taken for this point This can be seen in Fig 6 21 below where several samples have already been taken Move along the pipeline to the next interval point in this case 5m and use the Pipeline Position circle and Overhead bars at the top of the screen to ensure you are correctly located over the pipeline When you are ready to take the next reading press the calculate key as before
99. means the data from a single survey can be analysed for both depth of cover and attenuation Use nterval Filter Select to apply the Filter nterval distance chosen above Filter Negative Attenuations Negative attenuations can appear during a survey for a number of reasons starting too close to the Signal Generator currents from a similar source entering the pipeline or simply an erroneous survey point DCAPP allows the user to manually disable these points or use the Filter Function to automatically suppress these negative values When the Filter Negative Attenuations 5 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 65 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe function is used DCAPP analyses the data in reverse form from last polnt to first point suppressing points that cause negative attenuations These points can be re enabled at anytime The following options are available when using this function Use disabled points Ifthe user has manually disabled suppressed any points in a survey these points will still be used in any calculations as if they had not been disabled Don t use disabled points Ifthe user has manually disabled suppressed any points in a survey these points will not be used in any calculations e g if the user knows that point is erroneous Remove from start Negative attenuations are often seen at the start of surveys caused by surveying too close to the Signal Generator When the Filter N
100. n 1 he logarithmic loss of current along a length of pipeline in mB m Coating Conductance The ability of a pipeline coating to conduct an electrical current Measured in uS m Coating Resistance The ability of a pipeline coating to resist an electrical current Measured in O m Chainage Distance reference from a survey Start Point as opposed to the preceding data point Close nterval Survey Current only survey conducted at pre determined distance intervals to pin point a coating anomaly vvith greater accuracy CP Test Post Test post with an electrical connection to the pipeline used to measure Cathodic Protection voltages Data Point A reading taken vvith the Detector produces a single data point DCAPP Data Capture Archiving and Plotter Program Dynalog s proprietary software for downloading data from a C SCAN Detector Dielectric performance 1 he ability of the coating to act as an electrical insulator Farth Extension Lead Used to extend the distance betvveen the Signal Generator and the Earth Spikes Fault Defect Damage to the coating of a pipeline resulting in an electrical path Firmware Core programme running inside the Detector Ground Lead Used to connect the Signal Generator to the Earth Spikes GPS Distance The distance between two points in straight line This can differ to the actual distance when measuring the route of the pipeline Halving The techni
101. n be followed NOTE Attaching charger without batteries will start the detector in charge mode Since there are no batteries they will not be charged System will switch off in 4 hours or can be aborted by pressing the X key If this has been done disconnect the charger and ensure the switch is set to OFF before inserting rechargeable NiMH batteries SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 13 The Detector dravvs a small amount of current from the batteries when it is switched off at the Control Display Panel I O switch but with the main power isolator switch left ON If left for a long period in this state the charge in the batteries will eventually be reduced to zero If the unit is to be inactive for a period of time switch the main power isolator to OFF If the unit is to be stored for longer periods of time 3 months or shipped without its shipping crate the batteries must be removed Leaving alkaline batteries in a stored Detector even vvith the main povver isolator Off may result in battery corruption and leakage causing internal damage to the Detector NOTE Survey data storage is NOT affected by the removal of the batteries A WARNING e NEVER USE THE CHARGER WHEN ALKALINE BATTERIES ARE INSTALLED IN THE DETECTOR e NEVER use carbonizinc or lithium based batteries AT ANY TIME e NEVER use or charge a mix of different types of batteries C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03
102. n survey readings Realistically the maximum survey time is 50 hours on one charge more if using Alkaline batteries for non GPS surveys and 30 hours for GPS survey At a maximum of 6 hours per day survey this will give 8 days and 5 days respectively NOTE VVhen replacing batteries either alkaline or re chargeable be sure to purchase good quality batteries as this vvill have an effect on the operating time Cheap poor quality batteries especially re chargeable types will not deliver the same power C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 75 SuH 3SAS un diq ul ss pe 13 2 Battery ndicator The battery capacity is shown on the START UP screen as a percentage du 61 Battery capacity can range from 0 to 11096 At lovv battery levels the battery indicator will start to flash to warn the user If the batteries are too low to turn on the antennae at start up the user is given a vvarning to charge them 13 3 Power Modes To conserve povver the Detector svvitches the antennae off and on depending on the circumstances If the Detector is left showing the START UP screen then the antennae vvill shut dovvn after 3 minutes After 5 minutes the entire system vvill enter standby mode even if GPS is running Leaving the Detector in Search mode or any Menu screen will prevent the auto shutdovvn The antennae status is shown on the START UP screen for reference ag Antennae OFF Antennae ON 14 UPDATING
103. need to be adapted for unique surveys such as depth of cover surveys although the principles remain the same 6 2 1 Survey Type When using C SCAN to survey a pipeline for the first time Dynalog recommends the follovving as a survey method Baseline Survey The first survey carried out needs to bulld a baseline data profile Initial Survey of the pipeline n this instance it is recommended to take survey readings approximately every 100m to bulld a complete picture of the pipeline in both current attenuation and depth profiles Any areas vvhich produce high attenuation values can be analysed and repaired where necessary Attenuation values are discussed in section 7 2 Periodic Survey For subsequent surveys readings can be taken at much larger Subsequent Surveys intervals as C SCAN s ability to produce absolute results means that these readings can be directly compared to the baseline survey or any previous C SCAN survey data This means that subsequent surveys can be carried out quickly to confirm that little or no change in attenuation levels has occurred and only areas that shovv a marked increase in attenuation readings need further investigation Closer Inspection For areas that require closer inspection the halving method can be used to isolate the small section of pipeline that is producing high attenuation readings or to confirm if a larger area has general coating degradation This principle is explained in mor
104. ng a distance GPS manually the distance as calculated by GPS can automatically be used by pressing this button The calculated GPS distance is alvvays shovvn for information 100m in Fig 6 9 See section 6 6 for more info on GPS distance L Create a new Start Point if a new survey has begun or the Generator output has changed H If the surveyor has surveyed back towards the Generator then a negative distance must be entered using this button This maybe used when a section of pipeline is being halved to Fig 6 9 Enter Distance screen isolate any anomalies Until a distance has been entered into the Detector the STORE button will not be visible Once a distance is entered or the GPS distance selected the store button 3 appears and the data can be stored As the distance is entered it will appear at the bottom of the screen in this example the distance from the start point 000 to the next point 001 is entered as 100m m Therefore 000 001 becomes 000 001 100 B 64m 21 1 25 see Fig 6 10 156 9mA If the distance entered is incorrect the delete key Enter distance can be used to delete each character GPS 186m As discussed in section 4 3 1 and above surveys should always be conducted away from the Injection Point However if the Surveyor surveys towards the Generator during the halving technique the key must be used to indicate this l l l Fig 6 10 Entered
105. nuon SMOPUIM Ul JOSJJOOU p inBiJuooS JOU SMOPUIM oo s SIIOS 815 yy 401 Jood o np uBiu oo souepeduwu 2007 paejos Asayyeg UM o BUI l pis no USYE uBiu oo Ano ooul peBueyo Ajjenuew JO pabeuwep u q sey uonpuuolul UONEJqIE IIn SI JOUWSUW 41010919 UMOP W JS S Sd9 x 5 jou euusjue Sq MOJ YS JO MBIA JOU S OD SdH s MOUS OSIE JIAA Bess uu ley EUUSJUE Buipuods i zou BUUSJUV p d p 10 MOJ sneo ddVOd ddVOd 0102190 J0 09 90q J0 09 0q J0 09 0q J0 09 0q J0 09 0q ddVOd Ul ped ddVOqd ul Hod WOO ON UMOp OOD 00 ywo o Buluo1AAS HX UOIJO uuoo yo y oSueg sis UD JO u do UO U9JIAS se jd HO SI 1O1510SI s ep x A uO uBiu oo aJnJeJadwe p nb 9IA1 S 184 UOHEIQIIED IIn 2101S Buoj oo 104 Buuinboe Sq dnues uo MOT Bess IlN SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 C IAN 201 82
106. ny other relevant information The Surveyor should also review the available data on the pipeline s history date of installation nature of wrap or coating all recent survey reports including Pearson surveys and CIPS potential surveys and when and where the line has been excavated and the coating repaired over the last five years or so together with reports on defects found when excavating GJAN20D SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 32 Suu 3sSAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe 6 3 2 Planning In planning a survey particularly on a pipeline that has not been C SCAN surveyed before it is helpful to reference survey point locations and signal iniection locations that can be marked on the map Signal iniection requires conductive electrical access to the pipeline and must therefore be at CP Test Posts TR Stations or possibly block valves insulation joints etc When selecting these it should be remembered that the area in the immediate vicinity of the signal input cannot be surveyed approx 10 15 metres thus if a particular road or stream crossing is likely to be the site of faults this requires that the Signal Generator is NOT positioned at the CP Post alongside the road stream but at the next one The surveyor should include some degree of overlap in the lengths of pipeline that are surveyed from each Signal Generator position to ensure that the dead spots are adequately covered A DO NOT survey across the generator as the resul
107. on Depthm Cure mA Ditence m Chanagem Aten m m Conductance uS m GPS used Lattude Longitude Tine eas 1123 16340 stant Pont 100 10 05 7013 444235340 O12W02 8500 50 1 26 157 67 280 0 280 0 44N29 4850 203 0500 15 0 51 hse 88 66 136 0 416 0 44N29 4672 012 03 1500 15 0 52 1 24 86 06 205 0 621 0 44N23 4339 012 03 3000 15 1 153 1 05 85 57 112 0 733 0 44N23 4301 012 03 3640 15 1 54 1 24 55 91 205 0 938 0 44N23 4241 124 03 5330 15 1 55 1 12 52 75 213 0 1151 0 44N23 4241 012403 7000 15 1 Fig 11 4 Table vievv Summary of options in Table Vievv Hide Hide Table Vievv Enable All Re enable all suppressed points Convert to Feet Convertto decimal feet or feet and inches Pipeline Details Opens the Survey Details box Surveying TOWARDS f a survey has been taken towards the Generator the Generator entire survey can be reversed to display a decreasing current positive attenuations Filter Parameters Filter Once the filter parameters listed below have been chosen select to apply the filter Filter Interval If there is a large amount of data this can be filtered at a predetermined interval e g 25m Adjust the slide to increase or decrease the filter distance This can be useful if data points were taken at narrow intervals for depth of cover surveys but such close intervals are not good for attenuation surveys By filtering the data at greater intervals
108. ormal operation is unaffected users operating outside the boundaries of their encoded region will be given a time limit vvarning via the STARTUP screen n normal operation the STARTUP screen will indicate the encoded region but when surveying outside of this region the time limit warning will indicate the number of days remaining after which time the Detector will not be able to carry out any further surveys until it is returned to its original territory Normal operation vvill resume upon the next survey or by use of the UPDATE LOC function This information can be confirmed via the INFO screen accessed from the MENU button C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 74 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe 13 BATTERY INFORMATION 13 1 Battery Life The power consumption of the C SCAN 2010 varies depending on use This can be split into a number of categories as shown below along with the associated power consumption Switching the main isolator switch to OFF will disconnect the batteries t is recommended that the main switch be set to OFF during storage or shipping Supplied Nickel Metal Hydride NiMH rechargeable batteries fully charged 4500 mAh Survey GPS 550mA Survey no GPS 450mA Standby 100mA Alkaline type batteries Survey GPS 550mA Survey no GPS 450mA Standby 100mA These times are continuous In a real survey the times will not be continuous as the Detector will be switched off and on betwee
109. ownload Options C SCAN 2000 Sends the data as a basic text format for serial printers No graph or GPS info is transmitted Print cnvrt Sends the data as above but line by line in a slower format for printers computers that cannot respond quickly C SCAN 2010 Sends full survey information to DCAPP GE Always use this option C SOAN201D SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 67 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul ss pe Note Ensure that any regional settings on the download computer uses either a full stop or comma as a decimal separator Any other character will report no data for more information on vvhich COM ports are active on your computer see Appendix 1 11 3 Saving Printing amp Exporting 11 3 1 Saving Once your data has been downloaded to DCAPP you can Save Print or Export your data as required To save your data simply click the SAVE FILE icon 4 if the Survey Details are blank a warning will be displayed If you wish to enter any survey details click NO to cancel and enter the details before saving othervvise click YES to continue saving Choose the destination to save your data and click OK NOTE VVhen saving data DCAPP vvill save the entire data set containing all the surveys downloaded not just the survey being viewed 11 3 2 Printing To Print the data in DCAPP simply click on the PRINT icon S this brings up the Print window with the following options e Print Data This will print
110. que used to take readings half way between the previous two readings thus isolating each half of the section to aid in finding anomalies Hazardous Area An area that requires intrinsically safe devices Injection Point The location of the connecting point between the Signal Generator and the pipeline under survey The location may be know precisely e g when connecting using a valve insulating joint or not precisely e g when connecting via a CP test post whose own connecting point is not known exactly Insulating Joint Flange Electrically isolating connector between two pipeline sections Loop Impedance The accumulative impedance of the Signal generator to pipeline circuit which consist of the Signal Generator to pipeline pipeline to ground ground to earthing system and earthing system back to Signal Generator Pipe Lead Used to connect the Signal Generator to the Injection Point Pipeline Position Indicator Circular graphic displayed on the Detector showing the direction of the pipeline in order to guide the user Soil Resistivity The AC resistance component of the soil in contact with the pipeline Measured in Q cm Start Point The ident give to signify the beginning of a new survey Survey A series of stored data points TR Station Transformer Rectifier station producing a negative cathodic voltage IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 87 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe
111. r as possible A sample can novv be taken yur 4 06 8 ropp g z 4 D Dn inn yar B B Hane 4210 SHI 4210 48 1 219n z1 3m 164 z1 3m 164 7m gz163n8 et et GPS 0 SAT 4 GPS 0 SHTE 4 GPS POOP 3 1 SATH 4 bF KIERCH bF IE SIG 1764 EF ME SIE 2354 es ee FP Fig 6 1 Fig 6 2 Fig 6 3 Locating the overhead position Overhead bars closing Overhead bars meeting 6 4 4 Record Sample i Take Reading Once the Detector has secured an overhead two newly available function keys are displayed the CALCULATION and CLOSE keys CALCULATION The CALCULATION key takes a large sample of readings and ee converts these readings into accurate data During this sampling it is important that the Detector is held stationary and perpendicular to the pipeline Any movement will upset the readings resulting in data errors CLOSE The CLOSE key is for CLOSE INTERVAL CURRENT SURVEY CLOSE mode This is discussed in section 6 8 2 Keep the instrument still and press the CALCULATION key now and the Detector screen will temporarily change while the samples are being taken Once the required number of samples has been gathered the CALCULATE screen will be displayed x A Hait GE Fig 6 4 Fig 6 5 Preparing to take samples Taking samples NOTE If the Detector is in DEMO mode the display will loop through the process of searching for the pipeline and obtaining an overhead s
112. rder in which they were taken Finally the low attenuation of points 03 04 can be seen If we re sequence the graph by Chainage I then the attenuations are now calculated in distance order The attenuations for points 200 201 01 02 remain unchanged but now the attenuation for points 02 04 8 04 03 can be seen as in Fig 6 17 The Graphs can be switched between order and Chainage lI by selecting the appropriate key 10 mbem 19 256 1 FOZ FROOS lun FUGA Ab S Fig 6 16 Fig 6 17 Attenuations by order Attenuations by distance Using the lt and 2 arrow keys you can choose a section of the survey and the details for section will be displayed above the graph If the graph is being viewed in time mode as the points were gathered Fig 6 16 then the points will increment in order If you switch to Chainage mode Fig 6 17 then the using the lt and 2 arrows will increment in distance order So in the example above vve can svvitch to chainage mode and scroll through the points and see the attenuation between 402 and 04 is 19 25 mB m 6 8 2 Close nterval Mode Once a Closer nspection has been carried out on a section of pipeline vvith higher than average readings a Close nterval Current Only survey can be used to pin point an anomaly with greater accuracy to within 1m or better depending on conditions The method of conducting a Close nterval survey is similar to normal C SCAN surveying b
113. red programs DCAPP Updater Diagnostics etc If as well as C SCAN several devices are connected to a computer then a list of active COM ports will be available and it can be difficult to know which to select While in some instances it may be appropriate to try each one in turn information about each peripheral can be obtained from Device Manager in Windows This can be located in Start gt Control Panel gt System gt Device Manager gt Ports COM amp LPT Here each active COM port is shovvn vvith information about the device s Device Manager File Action View Help il ml El H 58 8 44 Antec 184 Computer c Disk drives Display adapters t DVD CD ROM drives z Human Interface Devices IDE ATA ATAPI controllers Keyboards D Mice and other pointing devices amp Monitors amp Network adapters a F Ports COM amp LPT 19 Communications Port COM1 YET Printer Port LPT1 Do Processors Sound video and game controllers 184 System devices Universal Serial Bus controllers Fig 18 1 COM amp LPT Ports in Device Manager For further information on COM ports refer to your computer user s manual GJAN20D SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 86 SW3JS G un diq ul ss pe Glossary Anomaly An area or section of pipeline that looses current resulting in high attenuation values Until excavated and proved as a fault these areas are defined as anomalies Attenuatio
114. saving data points in order to carry out a survey 6 4 1 Signal Injection Before a survey can begin the pipeline under inspection needs to be connected to the Signal Generator and the signal iniected Typical injection methods are given in section 4 3 with more advanced techniques discussed in section 6 6 6 4 2 Locate Pipeline If surveying from the Signal Generator it must be remembered that the first survey point reading cannot be taken within 10 15 metres of the signal Injection Point due to ground interference effects discussed in section 4 3 3 Using the SEARCH screen as discussed in section 5 3 the surveyor should locate the pipeline under inspection and move the Detector closer until the straight line crosses the centre of the circle and the distance to the pipeline is zero it is often easiest to approach the pipeline at right angles Although the Detector is novv over the pipeline the surveyor needs to ensure he is overhead before taking any samples Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 33 6 4 3 Locate Overhead In order to take a reading the Detector needs to be directly over the pipeline overhead Having located the pipeline as above the surveyor vvill novv move the Detector carefully until the two black overhead bars at the top of the SEARCH screen begin to close as shovvn belovv The precise overhead position is achieved vvhen they are as close togethe
115. se Any such copying is subject to there being no modification of the Program and in particular to all the copyright notices being preserved in the copy Save for copying as aforesaid any other operations including subdivision modification decompiling reverse engineering or translation from machine readable form are expressly prohibited Only a single copy of the Program is licensed for use at any one time Where the Purchaser wishes to use multiple copies of the Program on different machines or terminals application should be made in writing to DYNALOG which will be considered in its discretion Where multiple copies of the Program are provided this is for convenience of use only it does not imply multiple licences 3 TRANSFER The Program may be transferred to a third party provided the original and all copies are transferred or otherwise destroyed and provided further these terms and conditions are produced to that third party and prior to the transfer that party agrees and undertakes to observe and continue to observe the same Without such transfer and undertaking any application of the Program or copies thereof by any other person will not be authorised by DYNALOG and will be in breach of DYNALOG s copyright and other proprietary rights 4 DOCUMENTATION The copyright and all other intellectual property rights in the documentation accompanying the Program shall be and remain vested in DYNALOG However no right to reproduce that docum
116. select the appropriate COM port from the list and click finish On the main DCAPP screen select the DOWNLOAD button 85 and DCAPP will wait for the data to be sent from the C SCAN Turn on the Detector and click the DOWNLOAD button on the keypad 41 you vvill be presented vvith a request to choose compatibility and the three options shown below Select the option C SCAN 2010 and the data will start to transmit During transmission the data vvill briefly appear in the dovvnload data vvindovv shovvn belovv Once completed this vvindovv vvill automatically close and the DCAPP start up screen will be shown this time containing the downloaded survey data When data is downloaded from DCAPP a backup of the data is automatically saved to the computer so the user can manipulate the data safe in the knovvledge that a backup of the original file has been made This file is referenced in the Original File Name field of the Survey Details form Fig 11 5 The Detector can now be unplugged without the need for it to be ejected Until the Detector memory is cleared the data can be repeatedly downloaded If the memory is not cleared then old survey data will continue to be downloaded with any new surveys added D Download data Status Ok Connect 5 2010 to PC COME Switch on 5 and resz this ke i Choose ompatibility Connect C SCAN and send data Paints R for Download Fig 11 7 Download data window D
117. sistance and these data polnts vvill be very close to the horizontal axis vvhich vvill be difficult to read As conductance is the reciprocal of resistance the opposite becomes true areas of good coating will be displayed close to the horizontal axis leaving the poor coating areas exposed for better identification The relationship betvveen attenuation and conductance is complex and the formulae are derived from extended simulations manufacturer s coating data and pipeline steel characteristics This relationship is shovvn in the graph belovv for soil resistivities of 1 000 10 000 and 20 000 Q cm Soil Restivity 1 000 Q cm 10 000 Q cm 20 000 Q cm 11 5 11 0 10 5 10 0 m 9 5 9 0 8 5 8 0 7 0 6 5 6 0 5 5 5 0 4 5 i 3 5 I IT 3 0 2 5 2 0 1 5 1 0 0 5 0 0 L Coal Tar 1 itumen Coating 2 Attenuation mb m 6 7 8 9 10111213 14 15 16 17 18 192021 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 4041 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Diameter inches Fig 7 2 Attenuation Conductance for various soil resistivities SuH 3SAS un diq ul ss pe G SCAN201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 49 7 4 Signal Range VVhen connected to a pipeline the range of the signal applied by the Signal Generator is dependant on the follovv
118. ss pe i 16 FAQ NOTES 16 1 TR Stations The need to disconnect Do 1 have to disconnect the TR station There are several ansvvers to this question a If you want to connect the generator across the TR station i e use the TR station to apply the signal to the pipeline then YES you MUST disconnect the TR station Failure to do so can cause significant damage to the Generator b If you wish to apply the signal to the pipeline using a CP test post then no you may not have to but it is wise not to connect the generator within 500 1000m of a TR station If you use a CP test post to apply the signal to the pipeline and do not disconnect the TR station then as you survey tovvards the TR station the signal on the pipeline may die avvay to zero the current from the generator is being lost through the TR station to the ground bed If this happens you have several choices 1 Survey up to the TR station then move the generator to the other side of the TR station and connect to another CP test post and survey back to the TR station in the other direction as shown below In this instance it will not be possible to overlap surveys as the entire signal vvill leave the pipeline at the TR station Survey 1 Survey 2 11 Turn off the TR station but do not disconnect it Depending on the type of TR station the signal from the generator may pass by without being lost to the ground bed allowing you to survey across the TR sta
119. t 1500mA 1 5A RMS AC coupled at 937 5Hz Survey time on internal batteries 8 hrs at 600mA on external power Indefinite depending on capacity of power source Operating temperature range 20 to 40 C 4 to 104 F NOTE battery capacity reduces at lovv temperatures Connectors 2 x shrouded 4mm output sockets 1 x multi pole charger and external povver socket 1 x USB Interface socket General Membrane key pad Graphic Backlit LCD display Battery Isolator Switch Automatic power monitor and control Automatic clip detection Circuit Impedance Indication Storage and recall of power settings Built in intelligent charger Constant Current Output Soft Carry Case C SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 84 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe 18 Maintenance General Care VVhilst the C SCAN system has been designed for daily use it must be remembered that it is a precision instrument and should be treated with a degree of care When not in use the Detector and Signal Generator should be stored in their soft cases and particular care should be taken in the field vvith regard to the damage that can be caused by vehicles when equipment is placed on the ground Battery Care Both the Detector and Signal Generator are fitted with rechargeable batteries These should not be allowed to run completely flat as this can shorten the life of the battery When storing either the Detector or Signal Generator for long periods
120. ted the START UP screen will display Demo no GPS and the GPS function will be disabled When the SEARCH function is enabled instead of searching for a real pipeline the Detector will default to the demo data below The Pipeline Position Indicator circle will simulate the presence of a pipeline the Surveyor should take a reading as normal To further simulate the process a mathematical calculation of the data is completed meaning that the data produced will vary slightly from that shown below This is to simulate taking a real reading at different stages of the process If a reading isn t taken in time the demo program will loop through the process of locating the pipeline and will continue to repeat the search until the Calculation button is selected To ensure that no actual surveys are affected the demo function is cancelled if the Detector is put into standby or powered off at the battery isolator switch Although it must be remembered that all data saved whilst in demo mode will be saved to the Detector s memory so as to replicate faithfully the process of carrying out a proper survey Each survey has different characteristics Surveys 1 to 3 include GPS co ordinates Survey 4 does not have GPS co ordinates and requires manual entry Surveys with GPS data can still have their distances entered manually either by distance or chainage and It is recommended to practice all these methods NOTE e As vvith an act
121. tem o Earth Spike ground bed etc usually the main contributor C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 15 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul SI pe T 3 3 Signal Generator Side Panel Connection to PIPELINE Non Hazardous areas only Isolator Switch 29 ES Connection to suitable EARTH BATTERY isolator switch Diagryostic Port Isolate for storage or transit xt Power 11 18v CHARGER or AUXILIARY povver connector USB Diagnostic Update port 3 4 Detector Unit Front Panel The C SCAN 2010 is the next generation design in the 2000 series Pipeline Survey System The system increases the speed and accuracy and includes more statistical features for noise reduction including e Buil in Global Positioning System GPS unit for precision position indication e Attenuations can be calculated using GPS position information e Full graphic interface allows the displaying of data without the use of a laptop or PC The onboard search facility displays Pipeline position GPS coordinates Depth Cover indicator Pipeline diameter Survey and location number Facility for recording pipeline diameter and wall thickness Display of approximate coating conductance in uS m 8 Display of approximate coating resistance in Q m 9 Symbol inclusion for landscape features 10 Graphs include TTT Ro 200 e Olilii Increment Depth Cover or to centre line e EA 8
122. the batteries should be isolated using the physical isolator switch on both systems For prolonged periods of storage the batteries should given a charge every 6 months When replacing either the rechargeable or alkaline batteries only good quality batteries should be used Cheap batteries have inferior performance and are prone to leakage which could damage the C SCAN system Routine Checks The C SCAN system requires little to no routine maintenance A general visual inspection of the system should be carried out routinely to inspect for any physical damage which could indicate damage within the system that cannot be seen Periodically check the fittings and bolts to ensure they have not worked loose which could lead to water ingress Signal Generator Battery Replacement As every battery has a life expectancy it is likely that at some point the Signal Generator battery will require replacement Although Dynalog would recommend returning the Signal Generator for battery replacement it has been designed so that users with the competency to carry out this task can do so with ease NOTE User replacement of battery while system is under warranty will invalidate any warranty To gain access to the internal battery ensure the isolator switch is in the OFF position then remove the 8 bolts on the sides of the Signal Generator Do not remove any of the bolts on the top of the Signal Generator Once the bolts have been removed carefully lift th
123. the coating from the pipeline provided that ground water has penetrated into the gap to provide an electrical path to earth or a leak in the pipeline itself causing the coating to fail at the leak point Because the resistance of such a path is likely to be several orders of magnitude less than the resistance of the undamaged coating the resultant loss of current even from a single small fault of a few square millimetres can usually be detected by a significant increase in the apparent rate of current decline over quite a long length of pipeline In practice the existence of one or two small faults on a section of pipeline several hundred metres in length can usually be tolerated because the Cathodic Protection System can be expected to prevent serious corrosion developing quickly In this case it may not be necessary to locate the specific faults immediately but the rate of logarithmic decline of current between two specific points can be logged for future reference so that any deterioration of the condition of the pipeline can be monitored Note the logarithmic rate of decline of the current attenuation measured in millibels per metre is effectively independent of the applied current and is only marginally affected by seasonal changes in soil resistivity so that it is virtually an absolute indication of the average condition of the coating between two given points at the date of the survey If the attenuation level over a given section o
124. the distance can be entered manually or GPS data can be used to calculate the distance Even if the distance is entered manually the GPS location is saved if available If any manually entered point is subsequently found to be erroneous then it can be corrected using the GPS data When re sequencing points from the GPS data you can force the chainage of a survey to take its distances based on the GPS separation rather than manually entered distances GPS points can be added where no data exists If a gap in the GPS data exists GPS was off view of satellites obstructed then DCAPP can interpolate the data and add missing GPS points GPS data will be re calculated but only for points that have been suppressed in the Table view see 8 2 2 above l e If GPS data exists but seems incorrect the data can be re calculated by suppressing the point or points in the table and using this function All other points will remain unchanged Using this function will assume that the start point GPS data is correct and then calculate GPS points based on the chainage distances manually entered by the user during the survey NOTE GPS always assumes the distance between two points is based on a straight line which may not always be the case See Notes on Entering Distances section 6 6 C SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 70 swia shs un diq ul ss pe 11 4 3 Auto Analyse The AUTO ANALYSE function in DCAPP can
125. the general quality of the line and the minimum size of anomaly that is likely to require accurate location for excavation investigation and repair On a pipeline that has not been surveyed with a C SCAN system before it is important that the distance between readings is short so that all anomalies can be captured this is where the baseline survey is recommended But for future surveys the distance betvveen readings will be decided in part by the results of the baseline survey If the results show an excellent coating with consistently low attenuation figures then future surveys can be carried out with a greater spacing between points If the results show a coating in poor condition with high attenuations then it may be decided to either repair the damaged coating or continue to survey but instead concentrate on single point faults where attenuations are significantly higher that the baseline reading Hovvever it must be remembered that vvhile a single small fault may raise the attenuation levels by a noticeable amount when readings are taken at the baseline 100m intervals this same fault may not raise attenuation levels enough to be noticed when readings are taken at greater intervals e g 1000m So the distance betvveen survey points may need to be adiusted depending on the level of detail that is required 7 2 Attenuation Values Attenuation figures measure the logarithmic rate of decline of the applied current per metre length of
126. ther apart the samples are taken the less impact a single anomaly will have on the overall attenuation So survey points taken 1500m apart will require a large single anomaly or area of general degradation before the Surveyor sees a significant rise in overall attenuation e Any previous survey data All results from C SCAN are absolute so can be compared to previous surveys but if a C SCAN survey has been carried out before then taking repeat samples at the same points means that data can be directly compared to previous samples with ease Once a distance has been decided upon the Detector should be moved to the new survey point and the same process of finding the pipeline and obtaining an overhead should be followed steps 6 4 2 6 4 3 As before once an overhead is obtained then a reading should be taken 6 4 4 i amp ii This time instead of being a Start Point a distance will be entered C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 36 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T 6 4 6 Entering Distance Once a sample has been taken the Surveyor will store this data and will need to tell the system the distance betvveen this and the previous survey polnt or Start Point VVhen you reach the STORE DATA screen in 6 4 4 iii it will differ slightly from when a Start Point vvas belng entered Comparing the screen of Fig 6 9 to that of Fig 6 7 above several nevv keys are novv avallable Use Instead of measuring and enteri
127. tion as if it were not there 1 the TR station is turned off but the signal is still lost through it then you will have to use either the method as stated in i or the TR station will have to be disconnected 16 2 Generator Connection Problems Connecting the Signal Generator and injecting a good signal consists of two parts 1 connecting to the Pipeline and 2 connecting to a suitable earth Each of these is as important as each other as the level of the iniected signal vvill depend on the loop impedance Each part is discussed separately below C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 79 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul ss pe 16 2 1 Connecting to the Pipeline VVhen making a connection to the pipeline it is important to establish a lovv resistance connection and to ensure that the connection point is electrically connected to the pipeline Many common mistakes are easily rectified Connection to rusted Use a file or sand paper abrasive to prepare a component clean area for a good electrical connection Connection to isolated part e g Try alternative connection Isolated valve isolated valve wheel test post not connected to pipeline being surveyed Damaged Generator Cables Connect the Ground and Pipe cables together to short circuit the Generator Select AUTO and the current should reach 600mA with a low circuit impedance unless cables are faulty Connecting to a pipeline above M
128. to other pipelines within 1000m if not already done e As detailed in 4 3 2 use a multi meter set to AC current and connect between the Pipe and Ground leads disconnect from Signal Generator first If value is above 100mA RMS then there is a foreign AC signal on the line DO NOT CONNECT SIGNAL GENERATOR e Use a multi meter set to DC volts and connect between the Pipe and Ground leads disconnect from generator first If the DC voltage is greater than 10v DO NOT CONNECT SIGNAL GENERATOR HFe check Signal Generator go through switch on procedure again To proceed with the connection press AUTO t is the responsibility of the surveyor to check the pipe to soil voltage AC and DC and current AC before proceeding 4 7 Automatic level adjustment To carry out a Current Attenuation Survey it is essential to ensure a constant current signal is applied to the pipeline Once the signal current of the Signal Generator has been set the Automatic Level Adiustment vvill become active after 1 minute This mode is indicated by the message OUTPUT LOCKED appearing on the display see flow chart in 4 9 belovv Once the signal current has been set it will remain constant until the battery is exhausted Any changes in operating conditions during the survey e g changes in resistance at the Earth Spike due to rain or capillary action will be automatically compensated for by the Signal Generator If conditions change dramatic
129. tor The Detector will only know that point 04 lies between point 02 amp 03 if a negative distance is entered otherwise point 04 will continue on from point 03 Remember that going towards the generator is a negative distance Generator GPS has no concept of direction When asked to enter the distance press If GPS is being used a minus ve must still be used when surveying towards the USE GPS then use the button to change between ve and ve values NOTE If chainage is being used just enter the chainage distance there is no need for a sign Chainage inherently works out the position correctly We have now identified that the coating defect lies between points 02 04 but from the information above we do not know the attenuation value between these points To see this we need to look at the graphs in more detail in particular the attenuation graph As described in section 6 4 7 Graphs the operator is given the option after each survey point to vievv the graphs or they can be vievved at any time for all surveys from the BROVVSE screen Via either method choose the attenuation graph C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 42 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T The graph in Fig 6 16 shovvs attenuation values as the points vvere gathered i e sequenced in time ua The two low reading of points 400 401 amp 01 02 are followed by the 10mB m reading between points 402 403 as these were the o
130. ts obtained will be meaninqless 6 3 3 Common Fault Areas The most common sites for wrap and coating defects are where the pipeline runs underneath roadways and rivers or streams where the pipe trench has been cut through rock rather than soft sub soil and where other excavations for civil engineering work or laying additional pipelines have taken place close to the line of the pipe after it was installed Other areas to be checked include block valves joints between sections installed by different teams at different times steep slopes and areas where the pipeline changes direction with a relatively small radius bend It is suggested that in these areas the survey points should be relatively close together 6 3 4 Reference Readings It may be desirable to compare absolute readings from one survey to the next a reference reading f reference readings are considered necessary then these should be taken at locations which must be identifiable and permanent so that readings can be exactly repeated at a later date to check for changes in coating dielectric performance This means that they should generally be at road crossings or field boundaries which can be identified on a map and on the ground The sites for reference readings will frequently be dictated by the topography 6 4 Survey Procedure This section expands on the Survey Procedure Overview listed in 6 2 2 and guides the surveyor through the process of locating sampling and
131. ty the Detector and Signal Generator are shipped vvith their battery isolation svvitches in the OFF position For future shipping and long storage periods ensure that the batteries are isolated Unpack the entire system from the soft cases and make sure all the items are present in accordance vvith the packing list NOTES A copy of the packing list can be found in the pocket of the Detector soft case Report any obvious damage or any missing items immediately Do NOT try to activate damaged equipment If everything appears to be present and undamaged proceed to 2 2 below to charge the Signal Generator and Detector Unit ready for use 2 2 Charging the Signal Generator The generator has a built in re chargeable lead acid battery having a nominal capacity of 17 ampere hours Charging is initiated by attaching the charger povver unit to the Charge socket on the side of the Signal Generator and plugging the charger unit into the mains povver Selection of mains voltage 110 240V 50 60Hz is automatic When powered the charger unit will show a green light This light is only a power indicator light and does not show charge status The Signal Generator will automatically switch on and enter the charge cycle Note that the battery isolator must be ON not isolated if the isolator switch is in the OFF position a warning will be shown on the screen and the back light will flash C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 SuH 3SAS ASAI
132. ual survey the survey data points will increment with each point saved to memory To separate each individual survey remember to include start points e The figures provided in the tables below are the ideal result To simulate a real survey all data is calculated in the same vvay as it vvould be during an actual survey so the results achieved will vary slightly depending on when the sample was taken i e how overhead the Detector is when a sample is taken e f no pipeline diameter is entered depth of cover and conductance will be blank but attenuation will still be given Remember that the pipeline characteristics diameter wall thickness coating type etc can be added in DCAPP after the survey has been downloaded C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 61 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul SI pe T Survey 1 S 00 ros 1634 44N29 534 012W02 850 SC 44N29 485 012VV03 050 88 52 44N29 467 012VV03 150 1806 5264 1 11 44N29 424 012w03700 213 1151 025 Survey 2 S 01 Point 415 5 91 44N29 534 012W02 850 0 0 21 44 60 44N29 485 012W03 050 09 77 44N29 467 012VV03 150 57 2 10 44 44N29 440 012W03 300 44N29 430 012W03 384 44N29 424 012VV03 539 Survey 3 S402 Point Survey 4 S403 Point Choose 7 420 1380 120 0 T 21 1360 1300 Choose 1 22 1300 1350 1 23 1200 130 80 Choe
133. using the WALL UP or WALL DOWN keys select the wall thickness required When your selection is complete press v to confirm Pressing X will exit without saving Fig 5 2 the Pipeline Specification Confirmation screen C SAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 27 swia shs ASAINS un diq ul ss pe A final confirmation screen vvill confirm your selection Fig 5 3 If correct select the v key again to continue If further editing of the specification is required press R the X key to return to the PIPELINE SPECIFICATION acil a eae screen Notes Wall thickness may not be known in which JP case select the option Calculation of conductance will then change slightly as an average will be taken The resulting error will DD 121 920 not be significant wall 12 70 LI Eri Once the data has been dovvnloaded to DCAPP any size of Pipeline and Wall Thickness can be entered so if the Pipeline Diameter or Wall Thickness required is not listed choose the closest size and enter the correct data in DCAPP Once the pipeline specification has been entered and accepted the system returns to the START UP Screen As pipeline specification details have been entered the SEARCH symbol C will be flashing indicating that the instrument is ready to start a survey To start a survey select SEARCH Fig 5 3 Pipeline Specification Confirmation screen 5 3 Search Screen When the SEARCH symbol is select
134. ut with a few difference Firstly in Close Interval mode the distance between survey points is chosen first and is alvvays the same spacing Secondiy Close nterval surveying only calculates the current on the pipeline and does not calculate the attenuation Normal attenuation readings have no meaning when the distance interval is less than lt 15m This is because small distances create large attenuations on small current changes this effectively makes the attenuation values difficult to interpret The Close nterval mode uses current only to map a section of pipeline C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 43 SW3JS G un diq ul SI pe T To start a close interval survey enter the search screen and locate the pipeline as normal but rather than press the calculate key press the key marked close instead This vvill reveal the follovving screen The Surveyor is then asked to choose the interval at which the Close nterval readings will be taken t is very important that the readings are taken at the correct distance chosen othervvise errors vvill occur In this example an interval of 5m between each reading is chosen To confirm the selection press v or press to choose a different interval Fig 6 19 Spacing Selection Once a selection has been made the Close nterval survey can begin and the CLOSE INTERVAL screen is shovvn Fig 6 20 The CLOSE NTERVAL screen contains
135. valve is being used the Signal Generator Ground lead should be clipped to one end of the Earth Extension Lead and this in turn should be taken to a suitable grounding point as far away as possible from the pipeline and at right angles to it One or more of the Spikes should be driven into the ground at this earth point and the Earth Extension Lead should be attached to them using the Earth Spike Jump cables provided as necessary Fig 4 2 Connection at CP test post C SCAN201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 21 Suu s S un did ul si pe Fig 4 3 Fixing earth spikes perpendicular to pipeline Use of existing ground points other than TR CP ground beds such as water pipes lamp posts steel fences pylons etc may be necessary in some situations but must be chosen with care If such structures are used as ground points it is essential to ensure that they do not approach or cross over the pipeline being surveyed at any point VVhen using a pylon or similar as an earth it must be noted that any system to ground failure of the mains electric being carried could damage the Signal Generator Similarly the likelihood of any metal structure being struck by lighting has to be assessed 4 5 Setting the Signal Current Only when Pipe and Earth connections have safely been made should the Signal Generator should be svvitched ON The Signal Generator vvill carry out its ovvn internal checks VVhen these checks
136. vey with time date amp GPS positioning may be downloaded and printed out at the end of the survey to provide a permanent record 1 1 Signal Generator The C SCAN Signal Generator is a self contained unit producing a computer controlled AC signal current vvith a frequency of 937 5 Hz PIPE connector connects Automatic generator to pressure relief pipeline valve GROUND connector connects generator to suitable earth Auxiliary Power socket for charger or external 12 volt supply Battery ISOLATOR switch used when storing or in transit Fig 1 1 Signal Generator The output from the Signal Generator is a sine wave signal at a frequency of 937 5Hz with a nominal maximum voltage of 60V p p 18V RMS The maximum current obtainable is 1 5A 1500mA The RMS value of the current being produced is displayed on the LCD on the control panel expressed in mA The actual level of current produced is set by the Surveyor using the instrument s controls Once set this current level will be maintained at a constant level despite any transient changes in soil resistivity until the batteries are exhausted n tests the unit when fully charged has maintained a constant output of 600mA for up to 8 hours continuous operation when using the internal batteries Use of an external 12 18 volt supply can extend this time indefinitely C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 SuH 3SAS ASAINS un diq ul SI pe T 1 2 Det
137. ween ON and OFF simply select the BACKLIGHT button im 3 6 Detector Unit Keypad The Detector Unit keypad is used to navigate through the various different screens used during a survey or to study the saved data The main function keys are described belovv C 3CANn 2010 Download key ON OFF key 18 29 40 1 82 2002 Demonstration OM HIR Uerziun 1 16 GPS Indicator 14 Function keys SuH 3SAS un diq ul ss pe Backlight key NO key x Help key YES key v Back key Enter key Dynalog Electronics Ltd UK C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 LO 4 SIGNAL GENERATOR FIELD OPERATIONS 4 1 Operating Environments The Signal Generator is housed in a strong vveatherproof high impact structural copolymer case but it is not designed for total immersion and is not certified for use in hazardous areas The Signal Generator will operate between 20 C and 50 C The efficiency of the battery hovvever is reduced under extremes of temperature f internal temperatures reach 75 C the Signal Generator will automatically shut down and display a warning message that it is in cooling mode Once temperatures have dropped the output will automatically restart at the previous current setting Note As the lid must be open during use it is advisable to shade the Signal Generator from direct strong sunlight as this may cause overheating 4 2 Survey Information Befor
138. ystem arises from the speed and low comparative cost with which a general survey can be carried out These benefits become more marked in repeat surveys of lines that have already had a C SCAN survey Repeat surveys of selected sections can be carried out at more frequent intervals using the downloaded data or print out to identify those sections where deterioration is most serious or is advancing most rapidly so that they can be dealt with in good time The download or print out itself provides a record of a survey having taken place at a particular date in a form increasingly being demanded by the regulatory authorities C IAN 201 SYSTEM MANUAL Version 6 03 51 Suu 3sSAS un diq ul SI pe T 7 10 Long Term Program A long term survey programme and good record keeping is essential if the full benefit is to be obtained from this equipment After the baseline survey has been completed the following approach is suggested a Carry out a general survey of whole pipeline at intervals of several hundred metres shorter on high risk sections Specific fault anomaly location only on sections with very high attenuation b Study the results of a above and draw up a programme of specific fault anomaly location for the highest risk sections say 10 30 of the whole line taking account of the extent to which the CP System can cope with minor faults c When a programme of fault location has been drawn up survey the relevant sect

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