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1. Folder FCO Atom Model Set Connection Reference 9 3 8 GME Metakinds in the Project Objects in projects have metakinds according to the paradigm and they can play only the roles and can take part in the relationships that come from the appropriate metakind For example if an object is a model i e it is a BON Model whose meta is MON Model the user may obtain the children contained by the object The children are BON FCO objects The specific model kind i e MON Mode 1 objects tells the user what the children s kinds can be i e Compound model may contain Primitive or Compound models among others If somebody is familiar with GME all the well known GME concepts are familiar except of a new one called ReferencePortContainer with ReferencePort and ConnectionEnd 94 GME Manual and User Guide Figure 42 BON classes with their specific relationships Reference o 1 ReferencePortContainer Connection Taterence portcontamer a a 0 referredBy T 7 connection 2 ends 1 referred 0 7 ConnectionEnd FCO a ReferencePort a Teo Tetons chja a 7 parent Model Folder Set a 6 a 7 7 parentMade
2. H i 1 0 H 1 i ConnectionEnd 4 SetMembership n Containment a 84 GME Manual and User Guide Connection is more complicated than Reference or a Set The meaning of the classes is described well with a bidirectional connection in whose case a connection has two specifications regarding the two directions how two containment usually fcos with their all containments can be connected In the metamodeling environment only binary connections can be created with src and dst ConnectionRole Except of Connection and Containment all classes are blue colored because COM objects cannot be assigned to the instances unambiguously 9 2 4 Specific GME Concepts Via MON all information related with aspects can be obtained ModelInAspect association describes which Model in which Aspect can be opened in the model editor ContainmentPart which corresponds to IMgaMet apart COM interface tells the user which containment roles are visible in the particular aspect Figure 37 Relationships of Attributes Aspects RegistryNodes and Constraints ModelinAspect 1 Kea Model o i i i z t ot ContainmentPart a Object M Containment i Constraint MetaObject a AttributeAggregation Attribute ate Registry
3. connection An association between a src dst The connection class represents pair or an n ary connection in the the src dst pair s as an general sense that is attributed by MGA connection note the a connection class connection is an FCO Containment FolderContainment An association with diamond The folder contains 0 n of the between a folder and a folder associated folder as a legal sub folder Containment An association with diamond The model contains the between a model and an FCO Jassociated FCO which plays a specified role SetMembership An association with diamond The set may contain the between a set and an FCO associated FCO HasAspect An association between a The model contains the model and an aspect specified aspect Cardinality none An integer attribute for each end This end of the association has the of the association cardinality specified unspecified cardinality is assumed to be 1 Various aspect A class The class denotes an MGA aspect 72 GME Manual and User Guide Various folder A class The class denotes an MGA folder none The model represents a Project An MGA Project Inheritance none UML Inheritance The class inherits from a superclass An attribute of the destination is the rolename to be used for the child class Groups of parts Connector Atom referen
4. bool GetInConnectedObjects const CString amp name CBuilderObjectList amp list bool GetInConnectedObjects const char name CBuilderObjectList amp list bool GetOutConnectedObjects const CString amp name BuilderObjectList amp list 77 GME Manual and User Guide bool GetOutConnectedObjects const char name CBuilderObjectList amp list bool GetDirectInConnections CString amp name CBuilderObjectList amp list bool GetDirectInConnections char name CBuilderObjectList amp list bool GetDirectOutConnections CString amp name CBuilderObjectList amp list bool GetDirectOutConnections char name CBuilderObjectList amp list virtual void TraverseChildren void pointer 0 T The CBuilderModel class is the most important class in the component interface simply because models are the central objects in the GME They contain other objects connections sets they have aspects etc The Get Children function returns a list of all children i e all objects the model contains models atoms sets references and connections The GetModels method returns the list of contained models If a role name is supplied then only the specified part list is returned The GetAtoms GetAtomReferences and GetModelReferences GetSets functions work the same way except that a part name must be supplied to them The Get Connections method return the list of the kind of connections that was requested These are the connection
5. e RegistryNode corresponds to the IMgaMet aRegNode COM interface which is simply a name value pair with the extension that the nodes are organized into a tree called Registry AMetaObject 83 GME Manual and User Guide always has this Registry even it is absolutely empty For the sake of clarity the MetaObject s registry returns a dummy Regist ryNode object from which all root nodes may be accessed e Constraint is associated with class Ob ject Object corresponds to metakind i e Folder FCO and descendants of FCO This class is introduced only by MON it does not have the appropriate COM interface The unmentioned classes will be discussed in the following subsections 9 2 3 Meta Kinds in MON In this subsection the meta kinds and their specific relationships are discussed These meta kinds are the following Folder and FCO which is the base of Atom Model Connection Set and Reference In the context of UML these meta kinds are stereotypes denoting what kind of relationships they can take part in These are shown in the next figure without the meta kind Atom because this concept means a simple undividable entity class in UML which does not have any special and additional properties that FCO has Folder is similar to package or namespace but comparing with the package concept in UML in the same paradigm more than one Folder may exist they can contain different kinds Because of this fact each folder can hav
6. transformHDC lt WindowResized nFlags deltax deltay lt WindowResizingFinished nFlags left top lt CursorRestored 7 2 1 IMgaElementDecoratorEvents Functions HRESULT Refresh in refresh_mode_enum refreshMode This function signals to GME that a UI refresh is needed The decorator can specify to GME what kind of refresh is wanted s RM _NOREFRESH No refresh e RM_REDRAW_SELF A graphical UI redraw Kal s RM_REGENERATE_SI decorators F complete refresh of the owner model s view including regeneration of the e RM_REGENERATE_PARENT_ALSO complete refresh of the owner model s parent model s view if it is open including regeneration of the decorators e RM_REGENERATE_ALL VIEWS regeneration of all open views HRESULT OperationCanceled The decorator signals GME that an initiated operation was canceled because of some reason The reason can be anything but it emerged on the decorator s side and a cancel decision was made The operation was started by the decorator also in the past HRESULT CursorChanged in LONG newCursorID The decorator signals GME that the cursor is changed The newCursorID parameter indicates the new form of the cursor HRESULT CursorRestored The decorator signals GME that the previously changed cursor is restored to its original state HRESULT LabelEditingStarted in
7. 2 4 ocl Boolean The type oc Boolean represents the logical type of OCL 135 GME Manual and User Guide 2 4 1 Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as bool Its supertype is ocl Any 2 4 2 Operators operator booll ocl Boolean bool2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if bool equals to boo12 operator lt gt booll ocl Boolean bool2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if boo11 does not equal to boo12 operator and booll ocl Boolean enum2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean operator amp amp booll ocl Boolean bool2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if boo11 and bool12 are true Returns undefined if booll or bool2 are undefined Operator amp amp is a short circuit operator If bool1 is false or undefined bool2 will not be evaluated operator or booll ocl Boolean enum2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean operator booll ocl Boolean bool2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns t rue if bool orbool2 are true Returns undefinedif booll and bool2 are undefined Operator isa short circuit operator If bool1 is true bool 2 will not be evaluated operator implies booll ocl Boolean enum2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean operator gt booll ocl Boolean bool2 ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if bool1 is false or if both operands are true Returns undefined if bool1 or bool2 are und
8. Like other items recorded in the Windows registry paradigms can be registered either in the current user s own registry HKEY_CURRENT_USER Software GME Paradigms or in the common system registry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Software GME Paradigms Ifa paradigm is registered in both registries the per user registry takes precedence When changing the registration of paradigms it can be specified where the changes are to be recorded Non administrator users on Windows systems generally do not have write access to the system registry so they can only change the per user registration Paradigms are listed by their name status connection string and current version ID The name is what primarily identifies the paradigm The status is u user or s system depending where the paradigm is registered The connection string specifies the database access information or the file name in case of binary files Version ID is the ID of the current generation of the paradigm The registry access mode is selectable in the lower right corner of the dialog box 24 GME Manual and User Guide Pressing the Add from file button displays a file dialog where the user can select compiled binary files mta or XML documents It is possible to store paradigm information in MS Repository as well The Add from DB button is used to specify paradigms stored in a database like MS Access If the new paradigm specified was not yet registere
9. MainParameter 9 3 6 4 Multiple Inheritance It is acommon for the implementor to want to use multiple inheritance in the context of BON extensions A typical case is demonstrated in the next figure Figure 39 Multiple inheritance with BON extensions ProcessingUnit BON FCOImpl lt lt FCO gt gt Compound lt lt Model gt gt CompoundImp Inheritance in Inheritance in the Inheritance in the The GME paradigm implementation layer wrapper layer 92 GME Manual and User Guide At first the user wants to implement a BON extension which corresponds to a ProcessingUnit concept The metakind of ProcessingUnit is FCO therefore the class in the implementation layer must be abstract and cannot be instantiated Compound derives from ProcessingUnit in the particular domain so the implementation class extends ProcessingUnitImp1 Because the metakind of Compound is Model it has to derive from BON ModelImp1 also The rules that the user must comply with are the following e Abstract BON extensions If a user wants to implement the common behaviour of classes in a base class but she does not want to or she cannot assign any kind containment to the extension to create the appropriate wrapper class she must use the DECLARE_ABSTRACT_BONEXTENSION and IMPLEMENT_ABSTRACT_BONEXTENSION macros e Public inheritance Only public inheritance may be used e Metakind compliance In a BON inheritance chain the use
10. Menu items Name position Object is a port Contained in FieldAttr A text field that lists the items in an EnumAttr There are two modes for this text field which can also be called a text box because it has the ability for multiple lines In basic mode the field items are separated by carriage returns in the order in which they should be listed in the menu In this case the text used as the menu will be the same as value of the menu In the expanded mode it is possible to list the definite values to be used for the menu elements This is done by separating the displayed value from the actual value with a comma Example Figure 33 Sample enumerated attribute specification NamePosition Attributes Preferences Properties Prompt Name position DefaultMenultem South Menu items North 0 Northeast 1 East 2 Southeast 3 South 4 Southwest 5 West 6 Northwest 7 Note that the displayed and actual value need not be of the same basic type character integer float etc because it will all be converted to text Contained in EnumAttr Enumeration that lists the nine places that the name of an FCO can be displayed Default value South Contained in Atom Set Reference Model Boolean checkbox that determines whether or not the FCO will be viewable as a port within the model Default value Unchecked Contained in Containment The Constraint has many at
11. DECLARE_CUSTOMMODEL CCompoundBuilder CBuilderModel public void Scan CString foldName r endif whole file The component cpp file is shown below include stdafx h include Component h void CComponent InvokeEx CBuilder amp builder CBuilderObject focus CBuilderObjectList amp selected long param const CBuilderFolderList folds builder GetFolders POSITION foldPos folds gt GetHeadPosition while foldPos CBuilderFolder fold folds gt GetNext foldPos const CBuilderModelList roots fold gt GetRootModels POSITION rootPos roots gt GetHeadPosition while rootPos CBuilderModel root roots gt GetNext rootPos if root gt IsKindOf RUNTIME_CLASS CCompoundBuilder BUILDER_CAST CCompoundBuilder root gt Scan fold gt GetName IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMMODEL CCompoundBuilder CBuilderModel Compound void CCompoundBuilder Scan CString foldName AfxMessageBox GetName model found in foldName folder const CBuilderModelList models GetModels CompoundParts POSITION pos models gt GetHeadPosition while pos BUILDER_CAST CCompoundBuilder models gt GetNext pos gt Scan foldName 9 2 Meta Object Network 9 2 1 What is MON Using the previous version of BON the users experienced that lots of implementation issues could be solved more simply if they had a simple and well defined interfac
12. GME Manual and User Guide http www isis vanderbilt edu Copyright 2000 2015 Vanderbilt University E JOLE All rights reserved Abstract Generic Modeling Environment15 Copyright 2000 2015 Vanderbilt University This program is protected by U S and Intemational copyright laws as described in the About Box The Generic Modeling Environment Table of Contents FE IMGROGUCH OM ssena a n a co eadens tana tioca meravocewetahonestocie ty ratasees E O E Ea 4 2 Modeling Concepts Overview cesses se ss eser es erer es esr a eonen ong e arne iere RR RRR e 5 2 1 Model Integrated Program Synthesis sss ee ee ee eee 5 2 2 The MultiGraph Architecture 2 0 0 0 cece 2 04222 T ea EE ai TRET E 5 3 The Generic Modeling Environment sese ee ee ee ee ee K KeK 7 3 1 GME Main Editing Window sse xe eee ee 7 32 GME CONE pts tas ages dete cciidscuresssttenuensquestoncivacunsanneeseeendensised sueaionedeawendendteveoontonsereess 8 C Usin GME ssori enis oo oot aE OE eat cc awe sdededea waa ARE EEE cea gunedce epics avetoveldebt de amanebes 15 AD GME Interfaces 2 asc cnenseessaeese gennedantgteveacgsnnansnd ai e a E R Ep bets 15 4 2 The Part BrOWS6 s i lt lt i dscseavvisssaaedeccstexchabinadincostadgestsbdedessttan catstavicvestieviens edersbtae as 15 4 3 The Attribute Browser cccceceseceecseceecneceececeeeeceeeeeceeeeceeeeeeeseeeeseeeeseneeeeenee 15 4 4 The Model Browser lt s 47saan zgana da dTa aaah Zd ive ietin A ATOR 4 RA
13. e aconnection in the host project which is connected to a referenceport that references a library model s port references to library models with ports have references to the ports known as referenceports e library derived subtypes in the host project When a library is refreshed the binary representation is loaded from the library s mga file and the border crossing relationships are redirected from the old library to the new one Note that because libraries are read only there are no relationships pointing from the library to the host project This redirection process takes place in the following order e base derived relationships are loosened to enable easier update later step 0 e references to old library elements are redirected to the corresponding new library element step 1 connections involving referenceports are reconnected to the corresponding new library referenceport step 2 42 GME Manual and User Guide e model subtypes are synchronized step 3 for example the basetype in the library might have been enriched to contain new elements which need to be propagated down into the subtypes in the host project step 3 e special model children connections are synchronized step 4 e strict base derived relationships are restored step 5 After every relationship is restored the old library is unloaded from the host project Log messages provide feedback in case of a failure Since libraries are read onl
14. public kind and role getters std set lt Processing gt getParts 7 end namespace Processing with Model stereotype has no ancestors in the metamodel so it derives from the BON ModelImpl class Compound derives from Processing so this will be reflected in the generated skeleton Container kinds like Models Sets and Folders will have specialized get methods returning the contained roles in case of models and kinds in case of sets folders The Compoundclass get Parts method returns a set of Processing instances so users don t have to deal with the conversion from BON Model to SF_BON Processing type The method name is based on the role name Parts see containment relation between Compound and Processing The Processing class has three get methods which are related two get methods get Input Signals getOutputSignals which return the contained objects having InputSignals and Output Signals role and an aggregated get method get s which returns all objects derived from the Signal base The suffix s comes from the role name specified in the SF metamodel for the containment between Processingand Signal If this rolename had been empty then the get Signal name would have been used Sometimes name conflicts happen because of these naming conventions therefore the following distinction is made by the BonExtender the aggregated get methods may get an int dummy parameter If the Signal atom had b
15. CString partName CBuilderConnection CreateNewConnection CString connName CBuilderObject src CBuilderObject dst virtual void TraverseModels void pointer 0 virtual void TraverseChildren void pointer 0 T The CBuilderAtom class does not provide any new public methods class CBuilderAtom public CBuilderObject public T The CBuilderAtomReference class provides the Get Referred function that returns the atom or atom reference referred to by the given reference class CBuilderAtomReference public CBuilderObject 78 GME Manual and User Guide const CBuilderObject GetReferred const T Even though the GME deals with ports of models since models cannot be connected directly these are the objects that can be the component interface avoids using ports for the sake simplicity However model references mandate the introduction of a new kind of object model reference ports A model reference contains a list of port objects The Get Owner method of the CBuilderReferencePort class return the model reference containing the given port The Get Atom method returns the atom that corresponds to the port of the model that the model reference port represents class CBuilderReferencePort public CBuilderObject public const CBuilderModelReference GetOwner const const CBuilderAtom GetAtom const T The CBuilderModelReference class provides the Get Refered function that returns the mod
16. For the sake of simplicity it assumes that there is no folder hierarchy in the given project The component cpp file is shown below include stdafx h include Component h void CComponent InvokeEx CBuilder amp builder CBuilderObject focus CBuilderObjectList amp selected long param const CBuilderFolderList folds builder GetFolders POSITION fPos folds gt GetHeadPosition 79 GME Manual and User Guide while fPos CBuilderFolder fold folds gt GetNext fPos const CBuilderModelList roots fold gt GetRootModels POSITION rootPos roots gt GetHeadPosition while rootPos ScanModels roots gt GetNext rootPos fold gt GetName void CComponent ScanModels CBuilderModel model CString fName AfxMessageBox model gt GetName model found in the fName folder const CBuilderModelList models model gt GetModels POSITION pos models gt GetHeadPosition while pos ScanModels models gt GetNext pos fName 9 1 5 Extending the Component Interface The previous example used the built in classes only The component writer can extend the component interface by her own classes In order for the interface to be able to create the builder object network instantiating the new added classes before the user defined interpretation actually begins a pair of macros must be used The derived class declaration must use one of the DECLARE m
17. In this implementation it is not supported yet Compound types are so far limited to Collection ocl Collection Set ocl Set Bag ocl Bag Sequence ocl Sequence 123 GME Manual and User Guide lt compoundType gt lt expression gt lt expression gt e g Sequence 0 1 2 23 true 1 4 5 Let expression A Let expression performs variable declaration and initialization This expression has two parts The first part declares and initializes the variable the second part declares where this variable is accessible Let expression s return type is the same type as the second expression Variables in OCL can be used to make the constraint more readable or to improve the performance of constraint evaluation If we want to use a result of an expression more than once it is better to compute the result only once and store it in a variable Let expression may have a type declaration as well let lt variableName gt lt declarationType gt lt expression gt in lt expression gt e g in GME let dogs persons connectedFCOs src Partners in see 1 4 6 If Then Else Expression This expression is the well known if feature of languages with a limitation that it always has an else branch Otherwise if the condition is not satisfied the result would be unknown The If expression consists of three expressions s The co
18. Integer represents the mathematical concept of integer 2 6 1 Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as int or long Its supertype is ocl Real 2 6 2 Operators operator intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Boolean Returns true if int 1 is equal to int2 operator lt gt intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Boolean Returns true if int 1 is not equal to int 2 operator lt intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Boolean Returns true if int 1 is less than int2 operator lt intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Boolean Returns true if int1 is less than or equal to int 2 operator gt intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Boolean Returns true if int 1 is greater than int2 operator gt intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Boolean Returns true if int 1 is greater than or equal to int2 operator int ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns an integer which is the opposite of int or 0 if int is 0 operator intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns an integer which is the addition of int 1 and int2 operator intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns an integer which is the subtraction of int 1 and int2 operator intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns an integer which is the multiplication of int 1 and int2 ope
19. LONG left in LONG top in LONG right bottom 52 GME Manual and User Guide The decorator tells GME that a label editing operation is started The coordinates specify the operation s the label area HRESULT LabelEditingFinished in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom The decorator tells GME that a label editing operation is finished The coordinates specify the operation s the label area This should be the last message because this will issue the transaction commit command The LabelChanged message must precede it HRESULT LabelChanged in BSTR newLabel The decorator tells GME that the new value of the label is finalized and the transaction can be opened The newLabel is passed to GME but the decorator is responsible for issuing the actual label change command because it can be very different changing a preference or an attribute The decorator must call LabelChanged function before modifying the mga object The decorator also must call the LabelEditingFinished function after that in order to have the transaction committed by GME HRESULT LabelMovingStarted in LONG nFlags in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom The decorator tells GME that a label moving operation is started The coordinates specify the operation s the label area Note that currently none of the GME s bundled decorators default box decorator UML decorator meta decorator use thi
20. The IMgaElementDecoratorEvents interface 2 0 0 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeereeeereeeereeener 51 7 3 Visual Studio 2008 Decorator Wizard sese eee 55 7 4 Using the Decorator sample skeleton codes sss ee eee 56 7 3 Using the DeGorator Lab library T 56 7 6 Assigning decorators to Objects ee vesae cr eose aiee Senee ieS NR AS VSE V y yE 58 8 Metamodeling Environment N 9 eee eee a E cece cece a een NTE E NR dR dN RTE 59 8 1 Step by step guide to basic metamodeling sss eee ee eee 59 8 2 Composing Metamodels etorre imne cece R Za teen ceca cece cena 92 HEART 9 T RNET Hs 63 8 3 Generating the Target Modeling Paradigm sss sees eee 65 8 4 Attribute Gude a isa ete cote Sah a E EAE aad ie nae ei eae See aS 65 8 5 Metamodeling Semantics srei otee eaa tes E enthes Mahe AE 71 9 High Level Component Interface aage e seepi osei e a eir e EE N EEr EE EES 74 9 1 Builder Object Network version 1 0 sse 74 9 2 Meta Object Netw otk vi cesse n bess iae leek a Hue ach as ee vada ee ee ea 82 9 3 Builder Object Network version 2 0 20 0 0 cece eec ence eeceeeeeeeca teen seca eeaa ecu eeueenneennees 86 9 4 How to create a new component project eee ee ee 99 9 5 Extending the Component Interface using the BON Extender interpreter eee ee ee eee eee 99 10 Constraint Mana gers esas seat vee tehiec ketenes ead aie veda pak as ge a eed apa Uae ebb dy a ee 103 10 1 Features of the new Constraint Manager see ee eee eee eee 103 10 2 Using C
21. Therefore only these slight modifications must be made manually 10 2 Using Constraints in GME 10 2 1 As an expert metamodeler knows in the paradigms there are rules that cannot be expressed only with class diagrams These constraints used to be written in informal language i e annotations and the modeler interpreted it freely even she might have misunderstood the semantics and or the syntax In GME we support a constraint language which is compliant with OCL 1 4 Because of this more sophisticated rules can be written and built into the paradigms Constraints defined by the Paradigm Constraints can be associated only to kinds In order to do this we have to switch to the Constraints aspect in the Metamodeling Environment of GME and we may drag amp drop a new Constraint to the Model Editor 109 GME Manual and User Guide Constraints can be connected to any kind in the paradigm In this case the context of the constraint will be the appropriate kind otherwise i e the constraint is stand alone its context will be the singleton instance of me Root Folder Constraints can be connected to more than one kind if it expresses common rules for them If a constraint is associated with a base kind then all descendants will have that constraint as well After defining the context the user has to Name the constraint The names must be unique within kinds Thus a kind cannot have constraints inherited from the base
22. These are the following FCORegistryNode FCOExRegistryNode ConnectionRegistryNode and ModelRegistryNode Except for FCOExRegistryNode which can be obtained from fcos which are not connections the use of the others is obvious An example Get the color of the portnames of the port COLORREF crPort BON ModelRegistryNode model gt getRegistry gt getPortNameColor 98 GME Manual and User Guide Obtaining the position of an FCO in the Aspect Aspect BON Point pt BON FCOExRegistryNode fco gt getRegistry gt getLocation Aspect 9 4 How to create a new component project The first time you wish to create a component project you must run C Program Files GME SDK BON Wizard setup90 js This registers the GME project types in Visual Studio To create a BON project open Visual Studio Go to File New Project Under Visual C select GME then the type of component you wish to create Give the project a name then hit OK Hit Next gt Under Paradigms enter the name of the metamodel Hit Finish The resulting configuration is a ready to compile Visual Studio workspace Component dsw BonComponent dsw or BON2Component dsw If the BON is selected simple Component cpp and Component h files are generated in case of BON2 these files are BON2Component h and BON2Component cpp The user is expected to implement the component by modifying these two files and adding other files if n
23. constraints called MCL are retained in this implementation with some improvements The reason for this decision was that the semantic checking of OCL expressions always requires a well formed and valid paradigm naturally during the time of meta modeling the paradigm is neither well formed nor valid During meta modeling the task of gathering all the information that the checking would require either writing a new component that always serves the valid and well formed part of the paradigm or integrating the Expression Checker and Meta Interpreter In the latter case only syntax checking would be performed at meta modeling time and the semantic checking only could be done after the interpretation In case a solution exists all features except for some e g gme Object name gme Object isNull willbe obsolete as well because this sort of information will be obtained by accessing kinds and meta kinds as predefined types of the new version of OCL implementation or else the features will be mapped to standard OCL features e g gme FCO connectedFCOs to association ends Another important issue is that these features are not secure however their implementation and signature are improved and modified For example connectedFCOs of gme FCO expected two arguments in the former version of the GME constraint language the name of the role and the name of the connection The result can be an empty ocl Set even if the specific
24. ocl String string2 ocl String ocl String Returns a st ring that is the concatenation of stringl and string2 operator lt stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl Boolean Returns true if string1 is ahead of st ring2 in lexicographical ordering operator lt stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl Boolean Returns true if st ring is ahead of or equal to st ring2 in lexicographical ordering operator gt stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl Boolean Returns true if st ring2 is ahead of st ring in lexicographical ordering operator gt stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl Boolean Returns true if st ring2 is ahead of or equal to st ring1 in lexicographical ordering 2 2 0 Attributes ocl String size ocl Integer Returns the length of the string 2 2 4 Methods oclerStrcingsiconcat string ccli lt String ocle lt String 134 GME Manual and User Guide Returns a st ring which is the concatenation of this and st ring This is the same as the operator ocl String toUpper ocl String Returns a st ring containing only uppercase characters ocl String toLower ocl String Returns a st ring containing only lowercase characters ocl String substring start ocl Integer length ocl Integer ocl String Returns the sub string of this beginning at start and having a specified Length If length is not s
25. operator reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Real Returns a real which is the subtraction of reall and real2 operator reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Real Returns a real which is the multiplication of reall and real2 operator reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Real Returns reali divided by real 2 2 5 3 Functions abs real ocl Real ocl Real Return the absolute value of real floor real ocl Real ocl Integer Returns the largest integer which is less than or equal to real round real ocl Real ocl Integer Returns the closest integer to real If there are two of them then it returns the largest one max reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Real Returns the maximum of reall and real2 min reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Real Returns the minimum of reall and real2 2 5 4 Methods ocl Real abs ocl Real Returns the absolute value of this ocl Real floor ocl Integer Returns the largest integer which is less than or equal to this 137 GME Manual and User Guide ocl Real round ocl Integer Returns the closest integer to this If there are two of them then it returns the largest one ocli Real A H real oclstReal J oclssReal Returns the maximum of this and real ocl Real min real ocl Real ocl Real Returns the minimum of this and real 2 6 ocl Integer The type ocl
26. A Name Text Annotation Annotation0 The PreProcessing model connects t Name Annotation0 Annotation This diagram contains the definition o c essing model connects to the P Inheritable Color ee Pacl acun O Gradient Fill Cast shadow Round rect Font Visibility Aspect Z DEFAULT Z SignalFlowAspect y 318 ParameterAspect Default Pos Cancel On the left side of the dialog in the figure above all the annotations in the active model are available On the right hand side panel you can customize the selected commentary The Name Text Color Background 23 GME Manual and User Guide and Font settings are self explanatory The Visibility sub panel enables you to fine tune the position and visibility in an aspect based manner All the aspects of the active model and a special DEFAULT aspect are listed on the left side The checkboxes represent the visibility information in the proper aspect if an annotation is visible in the DEFAULT aspect it is visible in all the others so in this case the other checkboxes are irrelevant In the X and Y input boxes you can specify the position of your annotation in a specific aspect or the default position You can also clear and set to default the position with setting the Default Pos check box 4 6 3 Implementation issues Annotations are stored in the registry of the model All t
27. FCO Atom Model Set Connection Reference Author Information A text field translated into a comment within the paradigm output file Contained in Paradigm Cardinality Text field that gives the cardinality rules of containment for an aggregation Default value 0 Contained in Containment FolderContainment Color String value that gives the default color value of the connection specified in hex ex OxFFOO00 Default value 0x000000 black Contained in Connection 66 GME Manual and User Guide Composition role Constraint Equation Context Data type Decorator Default True Default parameters Default menu item Description Displayed name Field default General preferences Text field that gives the rolename that the FCO will have within the Model Contained in Containment Multiline text field that gives the equation for the constraint Contained in Constraint Text field that specifies the context of a Constraint Function Contained in ConstraintF unc Enumeration that gives the default data type of a FieldAttr The possible values are String Integer and Double Default value String Contained in FieldAttr Test field that specifies the decorator component to be used to display the given object in the target environment Example MGA Decorator MetaDecorator Contained in Model Atom Reference Set A boolean checkbox that describe
28. GME Manual and User Guide 2 Resolve the prompt for connection type as Containment 8 1 2 4 2 How to specify the FCO to which a Reference refers 1 Connect the Reference to the FCO 2 If the FCO is of type Model an additional prompt is displayed exactly the same as when giving ownership to the Model as in the previous step This time choose the Refer type of connection If the FCO is not of type Model then no additional input is necessary 3 When specifying the roles to which a Reference may refer that is if the referred FCO may play more than one kind of role in a particular Model the current solution is that it may refer to all roles of that particular kind However in the future this list may be modified during paradigm construction through the help of an add on 8 1 3 Connection Connection In order for a Connection to be legal within a Model it must be contained through aggregation in that Model The Connection is another highly configurable concept The attributes of a Connection include Name Position 1 destination label 2 destination label 1 source label 2 source label Color Line type Line end and Line Start Figure 30 Example of a Connection Atom2 lt lt Atom gt gt Connection lt lt Connection gt gt _____________ Pa 0 7 dst Atom lt lt Atom gt gt 8 1 3 1 How to specify a connection between two Atoms In additi
29. GME doesn t use it HRESULT WindowResizing in LONG nFlags in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom The decorator tells GME that the window size is changed and we are still in the window resizing operation The coordinates specify the actual location of the window HRESULT WindowResizingFinished in LONG nFlags in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom The decorator tells GME that a window resizing operation is finished The coordinates specify the actual location of the window This should be the last message because this will issue the transaction commit command The WindowResized message must precede it HRESULT WindowResized in LONG nFlags in LONG x in LONG y The decorator tells GME that the new location of the window is finalized and the transaction can be opened The x and y parameters are the delta values compared to the previous location of the window The decorator must call WindowResized function before modifying the mga object The decorator also must call the WindowResizingFinished function after that in order to have the transaction committed by GME 7 3 Visual Studio 2008 Decorator Wizard The first time you wish to create a decorator project you must run C Program Files GME SDK DecoratorWizard setup90 js This registers the decorator project type in Visual Studio To create a Decorator project open Visual Studio 2008 Go to File New Project Under Vis
30. How to specify containment for a Folder Folder containment applies to Folders and Models that may be contained in a Folder In the figure below the UML diagram outlines the containment scheme of a paradigm for a sports season To specify containment for a Folder follow these steps 1 Create the Folder and item it contains through insertion or dragging from the parts menu 2 Connect the item to the Folder Now the Folder contains the item Figure 28 Example of a Folder containment Baseball Basketball a lt lt Folder gt gt lt lt Folder gt gt ia Game AllStarGame Postseason lt lt Model gt gt lt lt Folder gt gt lt lt Folder gt gt 59 GME Manual and User Guide 8 1 2 2 FCO This is a class that is mandatorily abstract The purpose of this class is to enable objects that are inherently different Atom Reference Set etc to be able to inherit from a common base class To avoid confusion with the generalization of modeling concepts Model Atom Set Connection Reference called collectively an FCO and this kind of object in the metamodeling environment which is called an FCO the metamodeling concept that would actually be dragged into a Paradigm model will be shown in regular font while the generalization of types will be in italics as FCO An FCO has the Is Abstract and General Preferenc
31. Preferences Properties Parameter list kind string Definition if kind size lt 5 then kind else if kind substring Kind size 5 1 Proxy then kind substring 0 Kind size 5 else kind endif endif Context gme Project Return type string 10 2 3 Syntax and semantic errors User defined constraints and constraint definitions may have syntax and semantic errors Misspelled keywords unclosed brackets missing or superfluous elements in OCL expression lead to syntax errors Semantic errors can be invalid or non existent feature calls variable redefinitions wrong or invalid parameter list or non conformant types and so on These errors are displayed immediately after the user modifies and leaves one field of the Constraint or Definition If it is fully defined the Syntax and Semantic Error Dialog is shown Because one constraint can be connected to more than one kind the dialog enumerates all constraint and kind pairs In the list violations can be sorted by Constraint s type context or name Selecting an association the text of the Constraint is shown on the left of the dialog with all primary errors i e errors that do not come from other Choosing an error the line is selected in the expression window where the error is detected If a constraint is parsed successfully then a semantic check is performed That is the reason why syntax errors are displayed first yellow icons If t
32. Search In Name v And Name F v Model v Atom v Case Sensitive Entire Scope Role Name Oo Role Name K M Reference V Set Match Whole Word Only Current and its Child Kind Name v Kind Name v S x laas Search within results Search Attribute Priority gt 100 v Oza Attribute v Gna 55 Search Results Previous Searches Object Path Type Value Name S Attribute Priority gt 100 a DBSetup4 sf demo System DBSetup4 MODEL ttribute T est Attr k amp P 1 00 DBSetup5 st demo System DBSetup5 MODEL ttribute Test Attr k DBSetup1 sf demo System DBSetup1 MODEL DBSetup3 sf demo System DBSetup3 MODEL Attribute EnvResetCN GUISetup1 st demo System GUISetup1 MODEL ka Pars aT SS l DBSetup2 sf demo System DBSetup2 MODEL n E EEA Splitter sf demo System TwoChannels Splitter MODEL lt ames YR Hows Y Tinde 9 Console Search Search Criteria The search in GME has two search criteria Each search criteria takes Name Role Name Kind Name and Attribute Each of these inputs is treated as a regular expression An object must match all of the inputs to be considered a match For example if you specify both Name and Role Name in first search criteria then both of them must match for a given object to be included in the search result The purpose of each input is as follows Name used to specify the name of the object The Search checks for any names that match the pattern specified by this fiel
33. The Constraint Manager recognizes that the types are defined there using short names so it will prefix them automatically 45 GME Manual and User Guide 7 Decorators GME v1 2 and later implements object drawing in a separate pluggable COM module making domain specific visual representation a reality Replacing the default implementation basically consists of two steps First we have to create a COM based component which implements the IMgaElementDecorator COM interface Second we have to assign this decorator to the classes in our metamodel or for the objects in our model s if we want to override the default decorator specified in the metamodel Decorators for GME v7 6 29 and before used the IMgaDecorator COM interface for implementation and used the plain Windows GDI graphical subsystem to draw the graphics Newer GME versions use IMgaElementDecorator interface and GDI Gdiplus for drawing the objects New GME versions still support old decorators but mixing the old GDI and the new GDI technology can confuse the system resulting in graphical errors so it is highly advisable to update old decorators to the new scheme Also it is advisable to use Release version decorators with Release version GME and Debug version decorators with Debug version GME GME instantiates a separate decorator for each object in each aspect so we have to keep our decorator code as compact as possible Decorator components always have to
34. With these options the performance may be improved 10 2 5 2 Evaluation Tracking If this option is off constraints evaluation is not debugged and only the context and the result false or undefined are shown in the Constraint Violations dialog This option may be turned on if the user would like to test the paradigm i e constraints 10 2 5 3 Termination of evaluation With these options the user can manage when the evaluation process must terminate If the there were a lot of constraints and the model was too large the Check All command would take too much time In this case the user can shorten the evaluation to concentrate on the first violations 10 2 5 4 Depth of on demand evaluation If the user wants to evaluate all constraints on the currently selected model she may choose which constraints have to be checked The default is that the constraints of the model and its immediate children are executed 10 2 6 Run time exceptions and constraint violations If constraints are evaluated they can result in true false or undefined depending on whether the constraint is satisfied or not or during the execution some exceptions were thrown 114 GME Manual and User Guide In the two latter cases a Violation Dialog pops up displaying the violations and or exceptions The dialog has two views in the compact view only one violation is shown in contrast to the detailed view in which all violations are enumerated at
35. and Child requires that some model or folder be selected in the GME Browser This option will search 35 GME Manual and User Guide 4 12 4 4 12 5 4 12 6 4 12 7 the model hierarchy starting from the selected elements That means only its child elements and their descendants will be searched The scope of the search can also be limited to the current search results In this case only the elements in the current search results are searched This can be useful when you want to filter out some of the results from current search result This option is enabled by checking the Search within results option Object Types GME has different object types The types of object to be searched can be designated in Search For options group You can restrict your search to a Model Atom Set Reference Connection or a combination of them Also included is a special type of search for NULL references or references to a particular object When you check the Special checkbox other checkboxes in the group will be disabled When you hit search it will start looking for NULL references in the given scope satisfying the given criteria Clicking on the object in the result list will set it as the new object whose references are to be searched for After you click an object in the results and do Special Search the particular object s references will be looked for Case Sensitivity and Whole Word Matching Search can be made case sensitive by check
36. are dimmed or grayed out Parts may belong to a single set to more than one set or to no set at all 12 GME Manual and User Guide To add or remove parts from sets the set must first be activated by placing the graphical editor into Set Mode This is done by clicking the Set Mode button see left on the edit mode bar Next a set is activated by right clicking the mouse on it Once the set has been activated parts even connections may be added and or removed using the left mouse button To return to the Edit Mode click the Normal Mode button on the edit mode bar The following examples of using sets e State dependent configuration of processing blocks in a signal processing paradigm e State dependent process configuration in a chemical engineering paradigm e State dependent failure propagation graphs in a fault modeling paradigm 3 2 8 Aspects As mentioned earlier we use hierarchy to show or hide design detail within our models However large models and or complex modeling paradigms can lead to situations where even within a given level of design hierarchy there may be too many parts displayed at once To alleviate this problem models can be partitioned into aspects An aspect is defined by the kinds of parts that are visible in that aspect Note that aspects are related to groups of parts The existence or visibility of a part within a particular aspect is determined by the modeling paradigm A given par
37. as iterl age because iterl is defined latter than self i e the examination started with iterl owner is resolved as if it had been written iterl owner where iterl is an implicit declarator created by the iterator context Person inv age lt 4 implies dogs gt forAll if gender male then age lt 1 else age lt 0 5 endif Assuming that Box is defined by the paradigm Box has a containment with roles container and elements Box has a query method called includes with one argument with type Box The example does not make sense it demonstrates the resolution only First elements is resolved as self elements because there is only one implicit variable called self Iterator called collect creates a new variable We refers to that as iterl These variables are not accessible in the expression directly Second elements is resolved as iterl elements because iterl1 precedes self during the resolution and it is a Box Type of boxes will be ocl Bag ocl Set Box In the third line boxes and self are not subject of resolution because they are known variables Iterator called forAll creates a new implicit variable We refers to that as iterl Former iterl exists in the context of collect only First includes resolved as
38. as lt met hod gt 3 If the object comes from an implicit variable s If exactly one feature is found the resolution is stopped e If more features are found then the resolution is stopped and an exception is thrown because there are more features which can be accessed in the same way e Resolution ends and an exception is thrown because lt met hod gt cannot be resolved 4 If the object comes from an expression i e member selection operator is used s If exactly one feature is found the resolution is stopped e Ifa method and an iterator are found in this case the object is compound because only compound objects can have iterators then the resolution is stopped If the member selection operator is then the method is resolved otherwise the iterator is resolved 5 Resolution ends and an exception is thrown because lt met hod gt cannot be resolved 1 6 3 132 GME Manual and User Guide 2 Predefined OCL Types For the time being oc1 Any is considered to be a type and further meta types are not defined In the next version these meta types will be accessible as well as meta kind information The types enumerated below are accessible in all OCL expressions 2 1 oel Any The type ocl Any is the supertype of all types used in OCL expressions Features associated with ocl Any can be used for all types This type has only one instance which is undefined 2 1 1 Aliases Supertypes This t
39. associated with the fco If role is specified then it returns only those which have the same role in the link If kind is specified the kind of connections must be kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Connection then an exception is thrown and unde fined is returned gme FCO connectedAs role ocl String kind ocl String ocl Set gme FCO D gme FCO reverseConnectedFCOs role ocl String kind ocl String ocl Set gme FCO D gme FCO reverseConnectedFCOs role ocl String kind ocl Type ocl Set gme FCO gme FCO reverseConnectedFCOs kind ocl Type ocl Set gme FCO gme FCO bagReverseConnectedFCOs role ocl String kind ocl Type ocl Bag gme FCO gme FCO bagReverseConnectedFCOs kind ocl Type ocl Bag gme FCO Returns a set or a bag which contains all fcos that are associated with this fco If role is specified then only the links in which the fco takes part as role are regarded If kind is specified the kind of connections must be kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Connection then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme FCO attachingConnPoints role ocl String kind ocl String ocl Set gme ConnectionPoint D gme FCO attachingConnPoints role ocl String kind ocl Type ocl Set gme ConnectionPoint gme FCO attachingConnPoi
40. auto routing so everything should work exactly the same way as with the older GME versions You can exclude certain connections from the auto routing with the use of the Attribute Browser or the context menu In this case a registry value is added to the connection entity node and the auto routing logic no longer will take care of the connection If somebody turns off the default auto routing policy and the model doesn t contain specific policies for connections all of the routes will be fully customizable Turning off the autorouting settings on GME s global level or model level indicate an automatic conversion routine which takes the auto routed points and loads these calculated points as custom points into connection s customization data As a result after the conversion you won t just have a simple line which connects the start point and the end point but the customization operation can be started from a state where a similar topology to the autorouted scheme is present 4 9 1 2 Switching routing policy on per connection basis The user can exclude certain connections from the auto routing by setting the Is auto routed property in the Attribute Browser s Preferences page to false In this case the auto routing logic no longer will take care of the connection it won t see this connection at all Similarly if the value t rue is set the particular connection will join the auto routing scheme again Switching back and forth between the se
41. const const CString amp GetKindName const const CString amp GetPartName const const CBuilderModel GetParent const CBuilderFolder GetFolder const bool GetLocation CString amp aspectName CRect amp loc bool SetLocation CString aspectName CPoint loc void DisplayError CString amp msg const void DisplayError char msg const void DisplayWarning CString amp msg const void DisplayWarning char msg const bool GetAttribute CString amp name CString amp val const bool GetAttribute char name CString amp val const bool GetAttribute CString amp name int amp val const bool GetAttribute char name int amp val const bool GetAttribute CString amp name bool amp val const Gc G E bool GetAttribute char name bool amp val const bool SetAttribute CString amp name CString amp val bool SetAttribute CString amp name int val bool SetAttribute CString amp name bool val void GetStrAttributeNames CStringList amp list const void GetIntAttributeNames CStringList amp list const void GetBoolAttributeNames CStringList amp list const void GetReferencedBy CBuilderObjectList amp list const const CBuilderConnectionList GetInConnections CString amp name const const CBuilderConnectionList GetInConnections char name const const CBuilderConnectionList GetOutConnections CString name const const CBuilderConnectionList GetOutConnections char name const
42. define another paradigm that is why we can call these sub metamodels which define sub paradigms With certain restrictions e g no equivalence operator is used to unite two elements from two sub metamodels it can be said that any model valid in one of the sub paradigms is a valid model in the composite paradigm as well This means that it is possible to import a sub paradigm model in xme format into an opened composite paradigm model Furthermore a model in the composite paradigm is able to host sub paradigm models as libraries by performing an on the fly conversion of the sub paradigm model to the composite paradigm while attaching as a library Components e g interpreters written for a sub paradigm can also be reused for the composite paradigm provided the user registers the component for the composite paradigm as well a comma delimited list of paradigm names must be provided in the Component Config h file define PARADIGMS definition Metamodel composition is a nice feature if we obey certain restrictions One of them is the aforementioned restriction on equivalence operators The second one is that we can t have conflicting names in the sub languages because of the unique name requirement of the composite metamodel To allow composition in such cases namespaces were introduced in the MetaGME environment namely the Metalnterpreter 43 GME Manual and User Guide is capable of sorting elements into namespaces based on which
43. deleted in subtypes or instances e Parts can be added in subtypes only e Part changes in a type model propagate down the type inheritance hierarchy unconditionally e Aggregation and type inheritance introduce dependency chains between models e Attribute and preference changes set membership modification and reference redirection propagate down the dependency chain If a particular setting has been overridden in a certain model in the dependency chain that breaks the chain for that setting Changes up in the chain do not propagate to the given model or below s The rules for reference redirection are as follows A null reference in a type can be redirected in any way that the paradigm allows down the dependency chain A reference to a type in a type model can only be redirected to subtypes or instances of the referred to type or any instances of any its subtypes A reference to an instance model in a type model cannot be redirected at all down the hierarchy Obviously a reference in an archetype can be redirected in any way the paradigm allows e To avoid multiple dependency chains between any two objects in version 1 1 or older only root type models could be explicitly derived or instantiated This restriction has been relaxed Now if none of a type model s descendants and ascendants are derived or instantiated then the model can be derived or instantiated This means for example that a model that has nor subtypes or instances itself ca
44. does not have any parameters the Definition s Stereotype can be set to attribute For the time being the Context is an attribute rather than an association so it must be supplied explicitly The intention is that the user will be able to write more generic Constraint Definitions supplying a GME meta kind as the Context of the Definition With this solution the difficulties caused by the inheritance information loss is easily solved because the constraint writer can use the commonalities of different kinds without casting objects type explicitly to the appropriate kinds It is good practice to specify the context as a meta kind or gme Project if a Constraint Definition must or can be associated with more than one kind The context of the Definition can be accessed as self If the Context is gme Project then self and project point to the same object i e singleton project object Constraint Definitions can be called from other Definitions or Constraints even being recursive Figure 47 deRef constraint definition in the paradigm MetaGME deRef debet E Attributes Preferences Properties Definition if self ocllsKindOf gme Reference then self oclasTypef gme Reference J refersT of else self endif Context gme FCO Return type gme FCO 111 GME Manual and User Guide Figure 48 cropProxy constraint definition in the paradigm MetaGME cropProxy cropProxy Attributes
45. equivalence of the two aspects can be expressed Note that having two aspects with the same name without explicitly expressing the equivalence of them will result in two different aspect in the target modeling paradigm The name of the final aspect is determined by the following rules If an equivalence is expressed between a proxy and a UML class the name of the class is used If one of them is abstract and the other is not the name of the non abstract class or proxy is used If both aspects are proxies or classes then the name of the SameAspect operator is used Currently the order of aspects in the target paradigm is determined by the relative vertical position of the aspect set icons in the metamodels 8 2 1 5 Folder equivalence The equivalence of folders can be expressed using the SameFolder operator 8 3 Generating the Target Modeling Paradigm Once the Paradigm Model is complete then comes time to interpret the Model Interpretation can be initiated from any model After extensive consistency checking the interpreter displays a dialog box where aspect mapping information can be specified 8 3 1 Aspect Mapping The dialog box contains as many tabs as there are distinct aspects in the target environment Under each tab a listbox displays all possible model role combinations in the first column The second column presents the available aspects for the given model and model reference i e in the specified role in a combo b
46. global auto routing policy can be turned on off for more information please check out the section on AutoRouting You can also set if the AutoRouter should avoid labels with the connection lines or not the default setting is off The connection horizontal vertical snap treshold angle comes to play when you edit fully customizable connections In that case this angle is used to determine if snapping should be applied or not You should give the angle in degrees and not in radian Holding down the control key supresses the snap algorithm For further details please check the secion on AutoRouting In the Miscellaneous group the edge and the font smoothing mode can be controlled distinctively besides many other things Figure 9 GME properties edge and font smoothing options GMiproperties User Icon Path Add System Icon Path PARADIGMDIR icons PROJECTDIR icons l Multiline Attributes Enable External Text Editor utosave Enable Autosave Save every project director Autorouter Connections keep clear of labels V Use auto routing by default Conn customize horz vert edge snap treshold angle deg 4 000000 Scripting Current script engine XML VBScript VBScript Encode Python AXS cript 2 JScript JScript Encode PerlScript SignedJavaScript IE U B Misc Default zoom value 100 Undo queue size 10 Double attribute format 120 E V Na
47. if we have a Compound model in our paradigm we can create a builder class for it the following way Component h class CCompoundBuilder public CBuilderModel DECLARE_CUSTOMMODEL CCompoundBuilder CBuilderModel1 public virtual void Initialize virtual CCompoundBuilder more declarations 80 GME Manual and User Guide Component cpp MPLEMENT_CUSTOMMODEL CCompoundBuilder CBuilderModel Compound void CCompoundBuilder Initialize code that otherwise would go into a constructor CBuilderModel Initialize CCompoundBuilder CCompoundBuilder the destructor more code The macros create a constructor and a Create function in order for a factory object to be able to create instances of the given class Do not define your own constructors use the Initialize function instead You have to call the base class implementation These macros call the standard MFC DECLARE_DYNCREATE and IMPLEMENT DYNCREATEmacros If you want to define abstract base classes that are not associated with any of your models use the appropriate macro pair from the list below Note that the lt NAMES gt argument is missing because there is no need for it DECLARE_CUSTOMMODELBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt DECLARE_CUSTOMMODELREFBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt DECLARE_CUSTOMATOMBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt DECLARE_CUSTOMATOMREFBAS
48. is not fully implemented because so far it has not been a requirement for GME and UDM context lt contextName gt lt typeName gt lt featureName gt 120 GME Manual and User Guide lt paramName gt lt paramType gt lt paramName gt lt paramType gt lt typeName gt post lt constraintName gt lt expression gt e g context Person GetSalary month int real post ValidSalary context p Person CheckIn post 1 3 4 Attribute Definition This feature of OCL is included here because constraint types must be dealt with in a uniform way However an Attribute Definition is not really a constraint It can be considered an extension of a type in the aspect of constraints An attribute definition is an attribute of a type that can be accessed only in OCL constraints It has the same properties as a well known attribute It always has a name and the returned type The name must not conflict with other attributes definitions attributes of the type or roles and names of types which can be accessed through navigation context lt typeName gt lt attributeName gt lt typeName gt defattribute lt expression gt e g context Person friendNames Set defattribute 1 4 Common OCL Expressions These expressions are common to every OCL of every meta paradigm A
49. kind and associated directly with the same name Note It is not required that the name include the text constraint or any form of it If the constraint is violated then the content of the Description will be shown thus this field must be very descriptive so that the user can fix the problem The expression i e the equation of the constraint will be evaluated on all objects of a kind and it must return true of false in case of an exception it returns undefined The context can be accessed through the self variable As we mentioned earlier the GME project itself is also available as project After the properties of the constraint are filled in the user may enable the event based evaluation If it is required she may set the constraint to critical setting Priority value to 1 In this case the constraint will be evaluated when an appropriate event is sent and the modeler can only abort the last operation if the constraint is not satisfied Figure 46 Constraint associated to the Compound kind in the SF paradigm MetaGME SF File Edit View Tools Window Help Me a a HHT NO ak hh SX Me L SF SF x v Object Inspector E T Name SF ParadigmSheet Aspect Constraints w l Base N A Zoom 100 v AtLeastOnePart Attributes Preferences Properties Folder Processing ParameterConn Description Compounds must have parts A lt lt Folder gt gt lt lt Model gt gt lt lt Connecti
50. object does not have any connection or any role specified in the arguments These kinds of methods should be mapped to secure feature calls 1 6 association ends The modifications of these methods are as follows e The features are reorganized and are associated with specific and most appropriate meta kinds For example method refersTo can be called on objects whose meta kind is gme Reference This was required because MCL is not a typed language in contrast to OCL e Wherever a method expected the name of a kind as an argument typed as ocl String the feature now expects the kind typed as ocl Type i e identifier according to the new signature With this slight modification mis spelled names can be filtered immediately after writing the expression and the expression is more readable On the other hand features can be overloaded as ambiguity is avoided For example gne Model parts role ocl String vs gme Model parts kind ocl Type e If a method expects the name of a kind the kind of the kind i e the meta kind is specified too The implementation of the method checks whether the name is the name of a kind defined in the paradigm and whether the kind conforms to the expected meta kind If these conditions are not satisfied the proper exception is thrown and undefined is returned e The implementation of all features before performing checks whether the object is nu11 Ifitis null exception is thrown and un
51. ocl Any ocl Integer Returns the number of times that any occurs in the collection ocl Collection includesAll collection ocl Collection ocl Boolean Returns t rue if the collection contains all elements of collection ocl Collection excludesAll collection ocl Collection ocl Boolean Returns t rue if the collection does not contain any elements of collection ocl Collection sum lt innerType gt This method is not implemented yet It returns the sum of all elements of the collection Operator must be defined between each element ocl Collection asSet ocl Set Returns a set which contains the same elements as the collection without multiplicity If the collection is an instance of ocl Set then the method returns the set itself without creating a new set ocl Collection asSequence ocl Sequence Returns a sequence which contains the same elements as the collection The order of the elements in the returned sequence is indefinite If the collection is an instance of ocl Sequence then the method returns the sequence itself without creating a new sequence 140 GME Manual and User Guide ocl Collection asBag ocl Bag Returns a bag which contains the same elements as the collection If the collection is an instance of ocl Bag then the method returns the bag itself without creating a new bag 2 8 4 lterators ocl Collection exists boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl
52. of GME that is determined later during the model interpretation process e It supports various techniques for building large scale complex models The techniques include hierarchy multiple aspects sets references and explicit constraints These concepts are discussed later e It contains one or more integrated model interpreters that perform translation and analysis of models currently under development In this document we describe the commonalities of GME that are present in all manifestations of the system Hence we deal with general questions and not domain specific modeling issues The following sections describe some general modeling concepts and the various functions of the GME GME Manual and User Guide 2 Modeling Concepts Overview 2 1 Model Integrated Program Synthesis One approach to MIC is model integrated program synthesis MIPS A MIPS environment operates according to a domain specific set of requirements that describe how any system in the domain can be modeled These modeling requirements specify the types of entities and relationships that can be modeled how to model them entity and or relationship attributes the number and types of aspects necessary to logically and efficiently partition the design space how semantic information is to be represented in and later extracted from the models analysis requirements and in the case of executable models run time requirements In MIPS formalized mode
53. part of the metamodel they reside in objects defined in a library will be defined in the library namespace if specified and objects defined in the host metamodel will be assigned the main namespace if specified More specifically the namespace definitions are assigned to rootfolders since libraries appear in a project as an element of type rootfolder Every element contained by that rootfolder is defined in that namespace The namespace assignment can be done through the NamespaceConfig interpreter which writes the specified values in the rootfolder s registry If an empty string is specified then no namespace is assigned to elements otherwise a name of the namespace kindname form will be assigned In case of nested libraries namespace modification is not possible such values will be shown grayed out by the NamespaceConfig interpreter After setting the needed namespaces the user might invoke the metainterpreter to create a composed paradigm which will have no conflicting names During modeling in this composed paradigm the kindnames of the objects will contain the namespace information as a prefix of the real kind name so that objects in the PartBrowser will be displayed with their fully qualified name Regarding the features which we mentioned in case of composed metamodels there are some workarounds as follows 6 2 1 Importing a sub paradigm model into a composed paradigm model In case the sub metamodel is metainterpre
54. project is included as a library in another project 3 9 4 Methods gme project alliInstancesOf kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Object Returns a set which contains all objects in the project whose kind is kind If kind is not defined in the paradigm an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme project rootFolder gme RootFolder Returns the root folder of the project 3 10 gme RootFolder This kind is predefined in GME and has exactly one instance in all projects It is introduced because at meta modeling time this folder has to be referred to somehow It does not have special features regarding its meta kind gme Folder 152 GME Manual and User Guide 3 10 1 Aliases Supertypes Meta Type This kind can be accessed as RootFolder Its super type is ocl Any Its meta kind is gme Folder 3 11 gme ConnectionPoint 3 11 1 3 11 2 3 11 3 3 11 4 This kind corresponds to association end in GME Using this kind is not recommended because it serves meta kind information and is not defined well in standard OCL This kind will be likely eliminated and replaced by a standard type AssociationEnd in the new implementation of OCL Aliases Supertypes This kind can be accessed as ConnPoint or ConnectionPoint Its super type is ocl Any Operators operator cpl gme ConnectionPoint cp2 gme ConnectionPoint ocl Boolean operator lt gt cpl gme Connect
55. recursive containment bc box Returns in Box If elements was missing that association end would not be accessible from BoxContainment 128 GME Manual and User Guide bc elements Returns in Box If container was missing that association end would not be accessible from BoxContainment be container Assuming that p is a Person d is a Dog hd is a HasDog If Person Dog HasDog had further association which has owner or dogs roles then these roles could not be used because of ambiguity If these classes have further association between them then the name of the appropriate classes cannot be used as role If role exists then the role has to be used to navigate otherwise the name of class has to be used Returns in ocl Set Dog p dogs p dog Returns in Person d owner d person Returns in ocl Set HasDog p hasDog Returns in HasDog d hasDog Returns in Dog hd dogs hd dog Returns in Person hd owner hd person 1 5 6 1 5 7 1 5 8 1 6 Resolution Rules 1 6 1 Implicit Variables In standard OCL implicit variables are introduced These variables are similar to this in C or Java thus they can be omitted to prevent writing long expressions The variable of the context in many cases se 1 f is always implicit Other implicit variables are created by iterators which do not have any declarat
56. state true The reason for giving the option of scope is to be able to include attributes with the same names in different FCO s and have those attributes be different In this case it is necessary to include local scoping i e remove the global scope or the paradigm file will be ambiguous Default value Checked Contained in EnumAttr BooleanAttr FieldAttr Text field that gives the name of a file to be displayed as the icon for this object Contained in Atom Set Reference Model Boolean checkbox that determines whether or not this object can belong in the root folder Note that if an object cannot belong to the root folder then it must belong to a Folder or Model somewhere in its containment hierarchy that can belong to the root folder Default value Checked Contained in Folder Model Atom Set Reference Enumeration of the possible end types of a line Possible types are Butt no special end Arrow and Diamond Default value Butt Contained in Connection Enumeration of the possible start types of a line Possible types are Butt no special end Arrow and Diamond Default value Butt Contained in Connection Enumeration of the possible types of a line Possible types are Solid and Dash Default value Solid Contained in Connection Integer field that gives the number of lines to display for this FieldAttr Default value 1 68 GME Manual and User Guide
57. tab the letter S denotes a subtype while a letter T can be found in front of instances The Meta tab shows the modeling language at a glance it displays the legally available array of Folders and objects that can be added at any level within the aggregate hierarchy For example at the Root Folder level we can add Folder folders Within these folders we can add models Primitive and Compound From these models more parts can be added 4 4 1 Model Browser navigation Arrow keys can navigate the selection in vertical directions The Backspace key moves the selection to the parent object The Delete key allow for deletion of the current selection Object name editing is achieved through delayed clicking on an object s name Multiple selection is achieved through Shift or Control clicks Incremental searching is offered for all three tabs through the text entry field immediately below the Aggregate Inheritance and Meta tab selections The search is limited to the currently expanded section of the tree to avoid time consuming search in a potentially large database If a global search is desired pressing the Asterisk key when the root folder is selected fully expands the tree and the search becomes project wide Most hidden functionality offered within the GME Browser is available through contextual menus and drag and drop operations Currently contextual menus are only offered for selections found within the Aggregate tab
58. the implementation object and store it outside of wrappers it is not recommended because they have to be sure somehow the pointer is valid and not disposed already With the wrappers validity of a BON object can be determined by operator bool and operator BON Project project Let s assume the project is valid BON Folder root project gt getRootFolder Get the root folder if root AfxMessageBox RootFolder always exists BON Folder parent root gt getParentFolder Get the parent of the root which is NULL if parent AfxMessageBox RootFolder never has parent The user can check the equality of two BON objects with the operator and operator It must be emphasized that this equality means that the two COM objects are equal not necessarily the wrappers It is not necessary to obtain the implementation pointers to check whether two objects are equal or not The operator lt makes it possible for the objects to be included into any kind of STL container including sets and maps These operators can be used for all BON objects e g BON Project is comparable with BON ReferencePort The last important feature of wrappers is the casting mechanism This is implemented via the copy constructors and assignment operators If the cast succeeds then the pointer held by the appropriate wrapper will be valid otherwise it will be null To understand this let s see the followin
59. the left of the dialog The user may switch between the views with the Expand Collapse button Both of the views have the close buttons at the bottom left corner of the dialog e Close button is used to close the dialog simply If the violation dialog appeared because of an event this button means that the user approves the violating modifications at that time e Abort is enabled only if at least one event based and critical Priority 1 constraint is not satisfied In these cases Close button is disabled to force the user so that she aborts the modification Note If the paradigm is in the testing phase it is recommended that none of the constraints are critical in order to examine constraints simply 10 2 6 1 Compact view In the compact view the most important properties are shown of the current violation These are the following e Full name The concatenation of the context name with namespace and the constraint name e Description Description of the violation i e the meaning of the constraint e Variables Variables that are defined in the constraint it always contains the self and the project variables If there are more violations at the same time then the user can iterate over those violations using the Previous and Next buttons 10 2 6 2 Detailed View In addition to that compact view the detailed one displays all the information can be gathered during the evaluation Here we can see all violations at t
60. this file to analyze the crash so it can significantly improve the quality of the program The crash dump contains call stack CPU register dump and other crash related information Please click the checkbox below if you are willing to generate the crash dump You can find the crashdump file in the S OSDir e Dacuments and Settings UserName Application Data GME Folder on Windows XP or OSDir Yo Users oUserName AppData Roaming GME folder on Windows Vista or Windows 7 You can send the recent crash dumps to the Following e mail address gme supp isis vanderbilt edu If your security policy allows sending such information to the developers please select Yes to generate the crashdump then send it to gme supp isis vanderbilt edu as a file attachment If you have any trouble handling crashdumps you can also send e mail to the gme users mailing list and the developers will help you There are two types of Emergency save dialogs Figure 20 Emergency save dialog when a single user project is open Your current work has been saved to MGA C GME_stuff tutorials compaanynetworks emergency1 mga The original project file has not been modified We apologize for the inconvenience A Your current work can be found in the local checkout directory Note that if there isn t any open project at the time of the crash then no additional dialog is displayed after the crashdump dialog 4 11 Help System GME provides context s
61. to left and amp amp Left to right xor Left to right or Left to right implies gt Right to left In this implementation we allow short circuit logical operators amp amp gt They can be useful when the user wants to alter the process of the evaluation lt expression gt lt binaryOperator gt lt expression gt lt unaryOperator gt lt expression gt e g This forms a string not person isRetired 1 5 2 Functions Although OCL is based on the object oriented concept functions can be defined to make OCL more convenient There are two examples for this e We write max a b insteadofa max b Of course both forms of these calls are available e In extensions of OCL it is good practice to somehow separate the extending features from the standard ones This issue can be solved very well with functions though it is not necessary Functions may have arguments which are evaluated before calling the function Arguments may be optional as in many programming languages Optional arguments can be followed only by other optional arguments Arguments omitted in a call are considered to be undefined There are some predefined functions in OCL in particularly for ocl Real and ocl Integer lt functionName gt lt expression gt lt expression gt e g floor 3 14 1 5 3 Attributes The simplest features of a type are attributes Attributes are
62. type conforms to its supertypes direct or indirect supertypes e A type conforms to its meta type e A type conforms to supermeta types of its meta type Compound meta type related additional rules applies to Collection Set Bag and Sequence e A compound type conforms to another compound type if its contained type conforms to another s contained type Record meta type related additional rules applies to Tuple e A tuple conforms to another tuple if its contained member types conforms to another s contained member types and these members names are the same Paradigm types related additional rules e A type defined in a meta model paradigm conforms to another type from which it is derived This rule is applicable if and only if inheritance is defined for these types These rules are extended because the next version of OCL will introduce the feature to access meta kind information 1 2 Context of a Constraint As we mentioned earlier an OCL constraint is always written in the context of a specific type In this implementation the type can be only a type defined in the paradigm The context is always accessible anywhere in a constraint as a special variable called self This is also a reserved keyword of OCL A constraint can be evaluated to objects which are instances of the type of the context If a constraint evaluates to false the object violates the constraint If a constraint evaluates to undefined then one
63. 0 4 parent older 0 7 Tmemberot 0 members 0 children 0 children FCO FCO Object z z 6 9 3 9 ConnectionEnds and ReferencePorts Let s clarify with the previous and the next figure what ReferencePort means Note During the explanation we assume that there is only one Aspect in the paradigm in order not to deal with relationships between objects ports and aspects 9 3 9 1 ReferencePort and Its Container If a reference referred to a model then this reference was called BuilderModelReference in the previous version of BON Model references might contain reference ports The port i e the FCO and the reference port were different objects In BON2 these concepts are retained but they are clarified BuilderModelReference of BON is called ReferencePortContainer in BON2 GME allows that a reference may refer to models and other objects which are not models It is obvious a reference may contain reference ports if and only if it refers to a model If the user changes the referred object from a model to an atom then the reference cannot contain reference ports Because of these facts ReferencePortContainer is an interface in contrast with BuilderModelReference object of BON which is implemented by the reference when it refers to a model That means references can contain reference ports indirectly through the ReferencePortContainer interface which always has to be ob
64. 11 Registry Attributes and Object Preferences The registry of a BON2 object is implemented similarly to the registry of MON The root Regist CY Node can be accessed with the getRegistry of BON Object The root registry node is defined in order to separate the interfaces the real and existing root nodes are children of the dummy root node When using the registry it is important to know that caching registry nodes is not recommended s Ifthe user uses at least one registry node even the dummy root she holds a reference to the appropriate object implicitly Before the object could be disposed all nodes must be released This is true for BON Attribute also s Ifthe component not only reads the project but may modifies the registry of an object or if the component is an add on reacting to events then when modifying or erasing at least one registry node all registry nodes of the object will be invalid and the user has to obtain them again As we know objects in the project has predefined properties defined by GME Mainly these properties are related to visualization and implemented in the registry of the object The appropriate access including the type integer string long etc and the registry path of these values varies Using them manually via the generic registry interface is very error prone and difficult to memorize This is the reason why special root registry nodes are introduced that extend the RegistryNode interface
65. 113 GME Manual and User Guide Figure 50 Settings of the constraint evaluation Constraint Browser Constraints Kinds and Types Settings Shott circuit evaluation V Enable short circuit logical operators Operators amp amp Il gt can change the evaluation Z Enable short circuit predefined iterators lterators terminates immediately after result is available Evaluation tracking v Enable tracking i e debuging of evaluation Reporting exceptions false values returned by features Termination of evaluation Evaluation ends after the first violation Evaluation ends after the first violated priority level Evaluation ends after 2 violations Evaluation ends after all constraints evaluated Depth of on demand evaluation Model is in focus Evaluate only constraints of the Model Evaluate the constraints of the Model s children also Evaluate the constraints of the Model s not immediate children as well 10 2 5 1 Short circuit evaluation As OCL is a predicate and query language during the execution of the constraints nothing is altered in the underlying model In some cases for example the model is quite huge and the evaluation would be time consuming logical operators and iterators may be switched to short circuit mode if the result is already available and the further operation will not modify the model these features can return earlier
66. Atom then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned 3 3 gme FCO The meta kind gme FCO represents a first class object gme FCO can be contained by a gme Model or a gme Folder be associated to any gme FCO inherit properties by either standard or interface 147 GME Manual and User Guide or implementation inheritance only in time of meta modeling have attributes be contained by a gme Set and last but not least be referred by a gme Reference 3 3 1 Aliases Super Meta Type This meta kind can also be accessed as FCO Its super meta kind is gme Object 3 3 2 Attributes gme FCO roleName ocl String Returns the name of the role of the fco which is contained by a model 3 3 3 Methods gme FCO roleName ocl String D This method has the same functionality as gme FCO roleName gme FCO connected role ocl String kind ocl String ocl Set gme FCO D gme FCO connectedFCOs role ocl String kind ocl String ocl Set gme FCO D gme FCO connectedFCOs role ocl String kind ocl Type ocl Set gme FCO gme FCO connectedFCOs kind ocl Type ocl Set gme FCO gme FCO bagConnectedFCOs role ocl String kind ocl Type ocl Bag gme FCO gme FCO bagConnectedFCOs kind ocl Type ocl Bag gme FCO Returns a set ora bag which contains all fcos that are
67. BON classes take care not introduce reference cycles as the memory can never be reclaimed unless the references are manually set to nu11 This is typically done during finalization 9 3 4 Extending Interpreters The lifecycle of GME components is the same After they are initialized they start to run do their tasks and terminate disposing of the acquired resources During the initialization all additional resources of the component of the user must be obtained and created This can be done completed the initialize method of BON Component class When this code part runs the singleton project for the IMgaProject and the whole meta object network are already created During the finalization all resources must be released The process of disposal consists of the destruction of all BON and MON objects releasing all references to BON objects and releasing any additional resources database connections etc This can in the finalize operation of BON Component The steps of finalization are the following these are done automatically e Call finalize of BON Component e Iterate over the set of the existing BON objects and call their finalize 88 GME Manual and User Guide s The reference counting mechanism takes care of the BON objects disposal and everything is destructed Where the component core implementation must be included is different in case of add ons and interpreters The interpreters ent
68. Boolean Returns true if boolExpr evaluates to true for at least one element of the collection Returns undefined if bool Expr evaluates to undefined for all elements of the collection If the collection is empty it returns false ocl Collection forAll boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if boolExpr evaluates to true for all element of the collection Returns undefined if boolExpr evaluates to undefined for at least one element of the collection If the collection is empty it returns t rue ocl Collection isUnique anyExpr ocl Any ocl Boolean Returns t rue if anyExpr evaluates to a different value for each element of the collection ocl Collection any boolExpr ocl Boolean lt innerType gt Returns any element of the collection for which bool Expr evaluates to t rue If there is more than one element than one in the collection for which the condition is fulfilled then one of them will be returned If there are no elements then undefined is returned ocl Collection one boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns t rue if the collection contains exactly one element for which boo1Expr evaluates to true ocl Collection sortedBy anyExpr ocl Any ocl Sequence This iterator is not implemented yet OCL 1 4 specification has mistyped information about this iterator It returns a sequence which contains all elements of the collection where the order of the elements i
69. ConnectionPoint D gme Reference usedByConnPoints kind ocl Type ocl Set gme ConnectionPoint Returns a set of connection points association ends of the reference in which the reference participates With kind we can filter those points which are only parts of connections having the same kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Reference then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned 150 GME Manual and User Guide gme Reference refersTo gme FCO Returns the fco to which the reference refers The return object can be nu11 if the reference points to null 3 6 gme Set The meta kind gme Set corresponds to a set which can contains fcos 3 6 1 Aliases Super Meta Type This meta kind can also be accessed as Set Its super meta kind is gme FCO 3 6 2 Methods gme Connection members ocl Set gme FCO Returns a set of fcos that are contained by the set of GME 3 7 gme Atom The meta kind gme Atom is the meta kind of those objects which are not abstract and have no more features than gme FCO 3 7 1 Aliases Super Meta Type This meta kind can also be accessed as Atom Its super meta kind is gme FCO 3 8 dme Model The meta kind me Model is the abstraction of containers which can contain fcos 3 8 1 Aliases Super Meta Type This meta kind can also be accessed as Model Its super meta kind is gme FCO 3 8 2 Meth
70. Contextual information is primarily used for easily inserting new objects based on the current selection or for capturing the contents of current selections for Edit functions Copy Paste Delete etc Figure 7 Model Browser context menus GME Browser tal Aggregate Inheritance Meta 7 SFDemol a 7 3 BasicTypes Z Generator Properties s W Su lt 3 Folder barons S P System Preferences S P PostPt Registry E e e vataat L Insert Model E InputSignals OutputParameters OutputSignals Parameters Copy Closure Copy Smart Paste Special U a Delete Constraints U Interpret Access U Multi User Help Tree Browser Options Based on the Aggregate tab selection shown above five different kinds of atoms are available for insertion Models can also be inserted but within this Model we have specified that the paradigm not allow any References or Sets Note that connections cannot be added using the Browser Similarly several Edit options are available in the form of Undo Redo Copy Paste etc Sorting options allow for the all of the objects and their children to be sorted by a specific style The Tree Browser Options 17 GME Manual and User Guide menu item displays a dialog used for specifying the types of objects to be displayed in the Aggregate tab For example the user can choose not to view connections in the browser To preserve the state of the aggregate tree eg expanded objects in
71. E lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt DECLARE_CUSTOMCONNECTIONBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt DECLARE_CUSTOMSETBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMMODELBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMMODELREFBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMATOMBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMATOMREF BASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMCONNECTIONBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMSETBASE lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt For casting use the BUILDER_CAST CLASS PTR macro for casting a builder class pointer to its derived custom builder object pointer 9 1 6 Example Let s assume that our modeling paradigm has a model kind called Compound Let s write a component that implements an algorithm similar to the previous example In this case we ll scan only the Compound models Again the folder hierarchy is not considered Here is the Component h file ifndef GME_INTERPRETER_H define GME_INTERPRETER_H include Builder h define NEW_BON_INVOKE define DEPRECATED_BON_INVOKE_IMPLEMENTED class CComponent public CComponent focusfolder NULL CBuilderFolder focusfolder CBuilderFolderList selectedfolders void InvokeEx CBuilder amp builder CBuilderObject focus 81 GME Manual and User Guide CBuilderObjectList amp selected long param class CCompoundBuilder public CBuilderModel
72. ECO aii aR O aE daO N HER Za R eR goa E d GN 147 SAMOME 2 CONNECTA iera has E E east eeed E aacerease nto teres 150 3 3 OMe tt RE Ferenc E ra ad TT Sie ee hs DDE aed as Tyee asad ecko eee eee 150 SO GMe 22 SSE vs hoGe kes a cheer sees ten dae ph ca N E E orate conaeo uh toa wecee eee een 151 SEZs GMS 2 AL OM eree T asa eck evens fab ud cate Deed RT Ree abies A 151 3 8 GMS L tha ARER sna dees E done custom hea tauctaemeoent haa tan cguote Geet tea Men 151 3 9 gesi PLO JECT TTT 152 S AOS GMS FROCEF CO PASE mberseni dada due hersvme cs dened deeds autos ne Seadoo ne a a E 152 SAL gmes s Connect TONP ONE eerie er eee eed E seer E dak ag eeee owe R eae 153 Glossary feet asada HV 99 a a a RNI saad eee Ze ANAR daU haan teu eR iOa yvon 154 GME Manual and User Guide 1 Introduction The Generic Modeling Environment GME is a Windows based domain specific model integrated program synthesis tool for creating and evolving domain specific multi aspect models of large scale engineering systems The GME is configurable which means it can be programmed to work with vastly different domains Another important feature is that GME paradigms are generated from formal modeling environment specifications The GME includes several other relevant features e Itis used primarily for model building The models take the form of graphical multi aspect attributed entity relationship diagrams The dynamic semantics of a model is not the concern
73. Environment The metamodeling environment has been extended with a new decorator component in version 1 2 or later It displays UML classes including their stereotypes and attributes Proxies also show this information It resizes UML classes accordingly GME has a OCL syntax checker add on for the metamodeling environment Every time a constraint expression attribute is changed this add on is activated Note that the target paradigm information is not available to this tool therefore it cannot check arguments and parameters such as kindname These can only be checked at constraint evaluation time in your target environment 8 1 Step by step guide to basic metamodeling The following sections describe the concepts that are used to model the output Paradigm 8 1 1 Paradigm The Paradigm is represented as the model that contains the UML class diagram The name of the Paradigm model is the name of the paradigm produced by the interpreter The attributes of the Paradigm are Author Information and Version Information 8 1 2 Folder A Folder is represented as a UML class of stereotype folder Folders may own other Folders FCOs and Constraints Once a Folder contains another container it by default contains all FCOs Folders and Constraints that are in that container Folders are visualized only in the model browser window of GME and therefore do not use aspects A Folder has the Displayed Name and In Root Folder attributes 8 1 2 1
74. Flags in LONG pointx in LONG pointy in HDC transformHDC This message works almost the same way as the previous mouse messages except one thing right mouse button click is the regular method to bring up context menus When WM_RBUTTONDOWN is received by GME it constructs a specific context menu If there are decorators below or near the cursor they get the opportunity to add some additional menu items into the menu If any of the decorators add menu items or 49 GME Manual and User Guide complete submenu to the supplied context menu handle GME creates a submenu titled Decorator Edit and puts the decorator s context menu as a submenu in that You should also treat MenuItemSelected function and call appropriate function on the IMgaCommonDecoratorEvents interface HRESULT OperationCanceled The decorator receives this message from GME if some operation which was initiated by the decorator through the IMgaCommonDecoratorEvents interface like label editing window resizing or any other operation was canceled because of some reason The decorator should free any resources associated with the initiated operation on the decorator s side HRESULT DragEnter out ULONG dropEffect in ULONGLONG pCOleDataObject in ULONG keyState in LONG pointx in LONG pointy in HDC transformHDC The decorator receives this if the system wants to determine whether a drop can be accepted and if so the effect of t
75. GME Manual and User Guide metamodel is constructed it is used to configure GME This approach allows the modeling environment itself to be evolved over time as domain modeling requirements change GME Manual and User Guide 3 The Generic Modeling Environment 3 1 GME Main Editing Window The figure below shows various features and components associated with the GME main editing window Figure 1 GME Main Editing Window SF SFDemo1 File Edit View Tools Window Help PA EEN WM 989 A94 EAE LLL Vys i BAA A Part Browser Y X System SFDemo1 Folder x ing Y GME Browser R SignalFlowAspect ParameterAspect T Name System Compound Aspect SignalFlowAspe Base N A S Zoom 100 Aggregate Inheritance Meta Processing 7 SFDemol G Folder lt System Primitive 7 Jin U C as Yat PostProcessing Fre AL 72 PreProcessing D Jaf Processing OutputSignal PreProcessing Processing PostProcessing yr A amp sGuas InputSignal Compound Object Inspector Processing a amp E x H x a Attributes Preferences Properties Panning Window af A The GME main editing window has the following components e Titlebar Indicates the currently loaded project e Menubar Commands for certain operations on the model e Toolbar Icon button shortcuts for several editing functions Placing the mouse cursor over a toolbar button briefly displays t
76. Guide GME calls this method when the selected state of the object is changed You might want to display slightly different appearance if it is selected or not Currently the default decorator uses this to allow some operations for example you can only start to resize a decorator when it is selected The decorator is the one who decides if a resize operation should be started so it is needed to know if the object is selected Note GME draws the selection trackers HRESULT MouseMoved in ULONG nFlags in LONG pointx in LONG pointy in HDC transformHDC GME forwards this message to the decorator when Window s WM_MOUSEMOVE is received more precisely MFC s OnMouseMove is received over the view window and the cursor is close to or above the particular decorator s area The decorator can decide if it wants to start some operation or change the cursor return S_DECORATOR_EVENT_HANDLED or do not do anything special return S_DECORATOR_EVENT_NOT_HANDLED nFlags Indicates whether various virtual keys are down This parameter can be any combination of the following values e MK CONTROL Set if the CTRL key is down s MK _LBUTTON Set if the left mouse button is down e MK_MBUTTON Set if the right mouse button is down e MK_RBUTTON Set if the SHIFT key is down pointx and pointy specifies the x and y coordinate of the cursor These coordinates are always relative to the up
77. If for some reason you want to edit sample codes directly there are still two types of sample projects provided inthe C Program Files GME SDK Decorator Examples directory The NewSample sample takes advantage of the class hierarchy and utilities provided by the new DecoratorLib library The source code is intended to be used with Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Because of the new DecoratorLib the sample can inherit resizability properties and in place label editing features from the infrastructure It also demonstrates context menu usage and drag drop handling In case of the NewSamp1e decorator you first have to adjust DecoratorLib vcproj project file path this is part of the solution in the Visual Studio Solution file Unfortunately in case of Solution sln files Visual Studio cannot resolve environment variables so GME_ ROOT cannot be used Your solution s relative path is probably different from the SDK sample so you have to tune it This is not a problem with the Wizard because it does this all automatically The PlainSample source code provides a really stripped down example implementation containing only the flat implementation of the interface and not leveraging the new DecoratorLib The example still demonstrates very simple drawing context menu extension and file drop handling This sample code intended to be used with Microsoft Visual Studio NET 2003 Modifying the DecoratorConfig h file would be your first step when using t
78. Manual and User Guide end of method 9 3 7 Essential Classes of BON2 As we noted discussing how to use MON classes there are a lot of similarities between BON2 and MON regarding the usage and the architecture This is because BON2 is based on MON Examining the figure about BON2 classes that have the appropriate COM interface we find that these classes are almost the same For all BON2 classes the user can find the proper operation with which she can obtain the meta information e g the operation BON FCOImp1 getFCOMeta returns MON FCO Figure 40 Relationship between the Project and BON Objects associations to MON classes Project o 4 Project FCO TmetaProject ast lt z ia 6 a z Containment a s Object o Object Attribute o o Attribute we ast G ast 6 z z z Looking at the next figure carefully there are only two exceptional classes which do not have the correspondent COM interface i e ConnectionEnd and ReferencePort The concept of the ReferencePort may look familiar to someone who used the previous version of BON but there are essential differences which will be discussed in the next subsection Figure 41 BON classes which have the corresponding COM interface Project Object ConnectionEnd Attribute E ReferencePort RegistryNode
79. N Set and BON Reference Of course a user extension can be extended also We will demonstrate the extension with a simple example Let us assume that there is a model whose name is Compound and the user wants to create a BON class which extends the model s functionality with an operation The operation returns a set containing Compound objects having at least two children 9 3 6 1 Creating the Implementation Class The creation of a BON extension must be done in the extension layer i e the implementation class must be derived In order to do this the following rules are important e Although the implementor extends the implementation class the user must always use the appropriate wrapper classes and not the implementations e If some initialization is required then the initialize method must be overridden e Incase of interpreters there is no point in caching the result of a generic call because only the lightweight wrappers are created e If BON objects are cached by the extension it counts as an additional reference The containers must be emptied and objects must be set to null in the overridden finalize method e Itis good practice to concatenate Impl string to the name of the implementation class The appropriate wrapper class uses the name without Impl Here is our Compound implementation class Compoundimpl public BON ModelImpl extending the implementation class public void initializ
80. N_INVOKE if defined in Component h indicates that the new BON is being used If it is not defined e g if the Component h from an old BON is being used the framework works in compatibility mode GI s DEPRECATED BON _INVOKE_IMPLEMENTED In most cases only the CComponent InvokeEx needs to be implemented by the component programmer and the ImgaComponent Invoke method of the original COM interface also results in a call to InvokeEx If however the user prefers to leave the existing Component Invoke method to be called in this case the define of this constant enables this mode InvokeEx must be implemented anyway as NEW_BON_INVOKE is still defined e IMPLEMENT_OLD_INTERFACE_ONLY this constant can be included in old Component h files only to fully disable support for the IMgaComponentEx COM interface GME invokes to the old interface if the InvokeEx is not supported Using this constant is generally not recommended If none of the above constants are defined the BON framework interface is compatible with the old Ccomponent classes Consequently older BON code Component h and Component cpp can replace the corresponding skeleton example files provided in the new BON When using such a component however a warning is message is displayed to remind users to upgrade the component code to one fully compliant with the new BON Although it is strongly r
81. Node e a 0 parent Figure 38 How the MetaProject relates to other classes Project a ii 0 0 7 0 7 0 7 MetaObject ModelinAspect AttributeAggregation FolderContainment z z z z Project TE o s os os ReferenceAssociation SetMembership ConnectionEnd a a a 85 GME Manual and User Guide In GME there are two kind of attributes local and global attributes Local attributes are defined directly in the context of an fco Global ones may be associated with more than one fco AttributeAggregation Constraint is contained by Object which corresponds to metakind and the last concept is the RegistryNode mentioned earlier That is shown in the last figure Project contains MetaObject and all associations which mean many many relationships between metaobjects 9 2 5 How to Use Mon We mentioned earlier BON2 is based on MON thus it is obvious there are a lot of similarities between the two object networks Because for an interpreter writer the architecture of BON2 is more important than MON we will mention the specific usage and differences during the discussion of BON2 9 3 Builder Object Network version 2 0 9 3 1 Architecture of BON2 For a user to use and extend BON2 appropriately she must understand the architecture and the essentia
82. OET_AI11 eTypet strEvents CString toString eType c_str r n AfxMessageBox strEvents This way of handling events is the most general It is likely the user may prefer the BON EventListener interface This interface has the eventPerformed operation which is empty by default The operation only has a BON Event argument containing the context object the event type and the event parameters if they exist The BON Event Listener interface must be implemented by a class and an instance of the class has to be passed to the BON project or to a BON object addEvent Listener operation An event listener may specify the type of the events it can react to It can be done with overriding the getAssignments operation of the listener it reacts to all events by default The order of event handling e EventListeners attached to the project are called if they active s EventListeners attached to the context object are called if they active 89 GME Manual and User Guide e objectEventPerformed of the BON Component is called 9 3 6 BON Extension Classes So that the user can write an interpreter which is simple enough to create and modify the BON2 provides an easy to use base The generic implementation i e BON FCO and BON FCOImp1 may be extended to accommodate a specific paradigm The extendable classes are BON FCO BON Atom BON Model BON Connection BO
83. R 24 RRR dR dA E 16 GME Manual and User Guide 4 5 The Model Eqitor raren sia cee yes ebony sanded E R anode sean aspiten gba eek dee EEANN be 18 4 6 ANNOTATIONS r E S39 bos Se nade ode nce RARA aR Oaa N 23 4 7 Managing Paradigms nerne sin ccaescreeetoanceendess seule eens steedyved feeds EE a R E E NEES 24 4 3 Editor Operatlons si cceicsdeevet Aaigecs 1 CATS e 217 TT A a decease Ras 25 4 9 AULOR GOULET PEAUIEES lt er ypes p on e Sea avloopweme seen wed dosh Sand ss op I ORE a 28 4 10 Emergency saves and GME CrashDumps sse ee ee ee ee e e ee e eee 32 AL Help System retera accuse etd ong evbader se yeed ade teedawnnywels cadewesaecsevts da fet EES 33 4 2 Searchin OD 6Cts ois A hcdacie tals A wed th See eee eee S 34 413 Scripting in GME espora RER phase gis A E ver ebs be eendges tee sves een EE a Eo 36 5 Pype Inheritance inoen ae Seated lh cck piss ae E a E aes AE ae a ve swaceh ENER Ub ae E SNNN 39 5 1 Attributes and Preferences scx shane Haa 779 a er ord SRV dacs a6 ve ened E EE RE dee steers 41 6 ST lT T T 42 6 1 Library Refresh per a yeas vets deaucs sv cedayoss sumecesotan ase np simace sy nedevey Suede E EE OE 42 6 2 Libraries and Metamodeling 0 0 0 0 eee cece ce ee cc E SER 243 TR CO Tied 43 TL DecoratorSs d ss aday seven castes dawn e Senda aN veda cba sen dneahs che dcaase sedan eunaed ace deh anon saved SE E 46 7 1 The IMgaElementDecorator interface eee ee 46 7 2
84. able Run Interpreter As mentioned earlier model interpreters are used in the GME to extract semantic information from the models This menu choice invokes the model interpreter registered with the paradigm using the currently selected model as an argument Depending on the specific paradigm and interpreter such an argument may or may not be necessary A submenu makes it possible to select an interpreter if there is more than one interpreter available Run Plug Ins Plug ins are paradigm independent interpreters This command makes it possible to run the desired one Constraints Check Invokes the Constraint Manager to check the constraints for the current model After a project has been loaded or created the following menu items are active Edit e Undo Redo The last ten operations can be undone and redone These operations are project based not model window based The Browser Editor and interpreters share the same undo redo queue e Clear Undo Queue Models that can be potentially involved in an undo redo operation are locked in the database in case of a database backend as opposed to the binary file format so that no other user can have write access to them This command empties the undo queue and clears the locks on object that are otherwise not open in the current GME instance s Find Find model elements This menu item is discussed in detail in Section 4 12 Searching Objects s Project Properties This comm
85. acros The implementation must include the appropriate IMPLEMENT macro There is a pair of macros for models atoms model and atom references connections and sets The following list describes their generic form DECLARE_CUSTOMMODEL lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt DECLARE_CUSTOMMODELREF lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt DECLARE_CUSTOMATOM lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt DECLARE_CUSTOMATOMREF lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt DECLARE_CUSTOMCONNECTION lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt DECLARE_CUSTOMSET lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMMODEL lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt lt NAMES gt IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMMODELREF lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt lt NAMES gt IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMATOM lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt lt NAMES gt IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMATOMREF lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt lt NAMES gt IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMCONNECTION lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt lt NAMES gt IMPLEMENT_CUSTOMSET lt CLASS gt lt BASE CLASS gt lt NAMES gt Here the lt CLASS gt is the name of the new class while the lt BASE_CLASS gt is the name of one of the appropriate built in class or a user derived class The user can create abstract base classes as discussed later The lt NAMES gt argument lists the names of the kinds of models the given class will be associated with It can be a single name or a comma separated list The whole names string must be encompassed by double quotes For example
86. alues are translated into object values e g numbers strings etc and assigned to the objects The modeling paradigm defines what attributes are present for what objects the ranges of the attribute values etc Interpreting these values is left to the model interpreters though the users may create constraints using OCL for the attributes to ensure that their values are valid Examples of attributes are as follows e Data type of parameters in a signal processing paradigm e Units for process parameters in a chemical engineering paradigm 13 GME Manual and User Guide 3 2 10 e Mean time between failure specifications for components in a fault modeling paradigm Figure 4 The attribute box associated with an atom called y Object Inspector x Attributes Preferences Properties Data Type inputT ype Max An object s attributes can be accessed by right clicking on the object and selecting Attributes from the menu causing the Attribute Browser to be activated Preferences Preferences are paradigm independent properties of objects The five different kinds of first class objects model atom reference connection set each have a different set of preferences The most important preference is the help URL Others include color text color line type etc Preferences are inherited from the paradigm definition through type inheritance unless this chain is explicitly broken by overriding an inherite
87. ames functions return the list of names of attributes the given object has This helps writing paradigm independent components plug ins The Get ReferencedBy function returns the list of references that refer to the given object renamed in v1 2 from GetReferences The GetInConnections GetOutConnection functions return the list of incoming outgoing connections from the given object The string argument specifies the name of the connection kind as specified by the modeling paradigm The GetInConnectedObjects GetOutConnectedObjects functions return a list of objects instead The GetDirectInConnections GetDirectOutConnections build a tree The root of the tree is the given object the edges of the tree are the given kind of connections The function returns the leaf nodes Basically these functions find paths to from the given object without the component writer having to write the traversal code The TraverseChildren virtual functions provide a ways to traverse the builder object network along the containment hierarchy The implementation provided does not do anything the component writer can override it to implement the necessary functionality As we ll see later the CBuilderModel class does override this function It enumerates all of its children and calls their Traverse method class CBuilderObject public CObject const CString amp GetName const bool SetName CString newname void GetNamePath CString amp namePath
88. and displays a dialog box that makes it possible to edit view the properties of the current project These properties include its name author creation and 21 GME Manual and User Guide View Window Help last modification date and time and notes The creation and modification time stamps are read only and are automatically set by GME Items available only when a model Editor window is open Show Parent Active when the current model is contained inside another model Selecting this option opens the parent model in a new editing window Show Basetype Active when the current model is a type model but not an archetype i e it is not a root node in the type inheritance hierarchy This command opens the base type model of the current model in an editing window Show Type Active when the current model is an instance model This command opens the type model of the current model in an editing window Copy Paste Delete Select All Standard Windows operations Paste Special A submenu makes it possible to paste the current clipboard data as a reference subtype or instance Paste Special only works if the data source is the current project and the current GME instance Delete Removes the selected model element s Cancel Used to cancel a pending connect disconnect operation Clear Console Empties the GME console Preferences Shows the preferences available for the current model see detailed discussion in a separate se
89. arameters provide two ways of traversing the builder object network The user can access the list of folders through the CBuilder instance Each folder provides a list of builder objects corresponding to the root models and subfolders Any builder can then be access through recursive traversal of the children of model builders The CBuilderModelList contains the builders corresponding to the models selected at the time interpretation was started If the component was started through the main window either through the toolbar or the File menu then the list contains one model builder the one corresponding to the active window If the interpretation was started through a context menu i e right click then the list contains items for all the selected objects in the given window If the interpretation was started through the context menu of the Model Browser then the list contains the builders for the selected models in the browser Using this list parameter of the Invoke function makes it possible to start the interpretation at models the user selects The long parameter is unused at this point In version 1 2 Invoke has been replaced by InvokeEx which clearly separates the focus object from the selected objects Depending on the invocation method both of these parameters may be empty To maintain compatibility with existing components the following preprocessor constants have been designated for inclusion in the Component h file e NEW_BO
90. articipate in i e the result is not always undefined e ocl Any isUndefined e operator ocl Any ocl Any e operator lt gt ocl Any ocl Any operator ocl Any ocl Any e operator ocl Any ocl Any e operator or ocl Boolean ocl Boolean e operator implies ocl Boolean ocl Boolean 1 4 3 Equality and Identity Two objects are identical if and only if they are stored in the same memory space Equality of two objects is defined by the objects types or meta types It is not absolutely necessary that two objects which are equal to each other are identical as well The oc1 Any meta type defines an operator with which the user can test whether objects identities are the same This operator is available for all types used in OCL expressions For objects with meta type oc Any practically only for undefined identity is the same as equality but for any other types we have to make a distinction In the OCL specification there is only one operator with which we can express an equality check There is no special one for identity check As we mentioned earlier technically the operator of ocl Any is for testing identity but in a simple way this operator can only be used for testing equality because all types override it with a special meaning of equality In some cases we have to test identity definitely but it is not simple in standard OCL W
91. ay be added or deleted only from their primary aspects but may be visible in many secondary aspects CBS Computer Based System Compound model A model that can contain other objects connection A line with a particular appearance and directionality joining two atomic parts or parts contained in models In the GME connections can have domain specific attributes accessed by right clicking anywhere on the connection CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture COTS Commercial off the shelf software DSME Domain Specific MIPS Environment Generic Modeling A configurable multi aspect graphical modeling environment used Environment in the MultiGraph Architecture GME See Generic Modeling Environment GOTS Government off the shelf software interpreters See Model interpreters Link See Link parts Link parts Atomic parts contained within a model that are visible and can participate in connections when the container model appears inside other models MCL MGA constraint language A subset of OCL with MGA specific additions Metamodel A model that contains the specifications of a domain specific MIPS metamodeling environment environment DSME Metamodels contain syntactic semantic and presentation specifications of the target DSME A domain specific MIPS environment DSME configured to allow the specification and synthesis of other DSMEs MGA See MultiGraph Architecture MGK MultiGraph Kernel Middleware designed to suppo
92. be followed only bt other optional arguments Arguments omitted in a call are considered to be undefined Methods are defined by the type or by the meta type Only those methods which do not alter the state of the object can be used in OCL It is also possible that a method is not defined by either type or meta type but by a constraint method definition If a method has only one argument and belongs to a compound object then it is possible that it will be ambiguous with a predefined iterator which does not have any declarators In this case the member selection operator will be used to call either the method or the iterator lt expression gt gt lt methodName gt lt expression gt lt expression gt e g object isUndefined 1 5 5 Associations Associations are usually defined by the types of a paradigm In OCL associations appear as association ends The result of navigation over an association depends on the multiplicity of another association end and on the ordered stereotype of the association If the multiplicity is 0 1 or 1 the result is one object Otherwise the result is an oc1 Sequence or an ocl Set depending on whether the association is ordered or not The user can navigate from an object to the other side of the association using the role of the association end If the role is missing then the name of the type at the association end starting with a lo
93. be in process servers Using DecoratorLib C GDI ATL and or MFC is the recommended way to develop decorators 7 1 The IMgaElementDecorator interface The following diagram shows the method invocation sequence on the IMgaElementDecorator interface Understanding the protocol between GME and the decorators is the key to developing decorators All the methods on the decorator interface are called by GME there is IMgaElementDecoratorEvents interface for well defined callback cases The direction column in the diagram shows the direction of the information flow GME always calls your methods in a read only MGA transaction You must not initiate new transactions in your decorator SaveState is the only exception to this rule This method is called in a read write transaction therefore this is the only place where you can store decorator specific information in the MGA project Table 2 Simplified lifecycle of a decorator object GME Dir Decorator gt decorator class constructor gt GetFeatures out features gt SetParam in name in value lt GetParam in name out value gt InitializeEx in mgaproject in mgametapart in mgafco in eventSink in parentWnd lt GetPreferredSize out sizex out sizey lt GetPorts out portFCOs gt SetLocation in sx in sy in ex in ey lt GetPortLocation in fco out sx out
94. cast operator It returns the same object with type i e it does not create a new object the result is identical to the object itself The object s type has to conform to the t ype or vice versa This method can be used to access overridden and overloaded features defined by ascendants of a type up cast or it can be used for the well known down cast 133 GME Manual and User Guide Note type can be a simple name but a compound name So far this method cannot be used to check type conformity ocl Set ocl Any as an argument is invalid only ocl Set is valid If the specified type is invalid or if there is no type having this name the method throws an exception and returns undefined ocl Any isUndefined ocl Boolean Returns true if the object is undefined This method can be used to test whether an object is undefined or not and to handle exceptions thrown by an OCL expression 2 2 ocl String The type oc String represents ASCII strings as specified in OCL 2 2 1 Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as st ring Its supertype is oc1 Any 2 2 2 Operators operator stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl Boolean Returns L rue if st ring is the same character sequence as st ring2 operator lt gt stringl ocl String string2 ocl String ocl Boolean Returns true if st ring is not the same character sequence as st ring2 operator stringl
95. ce port The part may play a role in a reference port connection FCO Model atom reference The part is a first class object connection set Referenceable Model atom reference The part may be referenced 73 GME Manual and User Guide 9 High Level Component Interface The process of accessing GME models and generating useful information e g configuration files for COTS software database schema input for a discrete event simulator or even source code is called model interpretation GME provides two interfaces to support model interpretation The first one is a COM interface that lets the user write these components in any language that supports COM e g C Visual Basic or Java The COM interface provides the means to access and modify the models their attributes and connectivity In short the user can do everything that can be done using the GUI of the GME There are two higher level C interfaces that take care of a lot of lower level issues and makes component writing much easier These high level C component interfaces are the focus of this chapter The first section discusses the first release of Builder Object Network the second elaborates the more sophisticated version of BON with the Meta Object Network Interpreters are typical but not the only components that can be created using this technology The other types are plug ins i e components that provide some useful additional functionality to ease
96. constraint can be considered as a post condition If the constraint has no events associated then the constraint is evaluated on demand only The events are the following e On close model The user closes the model Model e On create The user creates an object Object e On delete The user deletes an object Object 107 GME Manual and User Guide Priority evaluation order of constraints Depth extension of the invariant s context e On new child The user creates an object in a model or folder Model Folder On lost child The user removes an object in a model or folder Model Folder e On move The user moves an object Object e On derive The user creates a subtype or an instance of a type Model e On connect The user connects the fco to another FCO e On disconnect The user disconnects the fco to another FCO e On change registry The user modifies the object s registry Object Not implemented e On change attribute The user changes the value of an attribute of the fco FCO e On change property The user changes the value of a property of the object Object e On change association The user changes the association of the connection Connection s On refer The user refers to the fco with a reference FCO e On unrefer The user removes a reference that points to the fco FCO e On include in set The user includes the
97. ction below Annotations Shows the Annotations dialog Registry The registry is a property extension mechanism any object can contain an arbitrarily deep tree structure of simple key value pairs of data Selecting this menu item opens up a simple dialog box where the current object s registry can be edited Special care must be taken when editing the registry since it is being used by the GME GUI to store visualization information and domain specific interpreters may use it too Synch Aspects The layout of objects in an aspect is independent of other aspects However using this functionality the layout in one source aspect can be propagated to multiple destination aspects A dialog box enables the selection of the source and destination aspects The objects that participate in this operation can also be controlled here The default selection is all the visible objects in the source aspect if none of them were selected in the editing window otherwise only the selected ones Two check boxes control the order in which objects are moved This is important in case objects compete for the same real estate Priority can be given to the selected objects and within the selected objects the ones that are visible in the source aspect Reset Stick Settings Allows the toggling on and off of the Toolbar the Status Bar bottom of the main window the Browser window the Attribute Browser and the Part Browser window Cascade Tile Arrange Icons S
98. cument Type Definition DTD Models cannot be created and edited until a paradigm definition file or its compiled binary version with mta extension has been opened Once a project has been loaded the GME opens a Model Browser window The Model Browser is primarily used to organize the individual models that make up an overall project while the graphical editor is used for actually constructing the project s individual models Figure 5 Model Browser showing folders and models Aggregate Inheritance Meta Ms 27 SFDemol 5 Folder S a System lt Z PostProcessing Jat SubGeneratorl Yat SuperGen wen jw 12 lt Z PreProcessing E Out Z Processing f BranchO Yat Brancht 58 Freq In 75 Time The most important high level features of the Model Browser are accessible through the three tabs displayed at the top of the Model Browser These tabs deal with the Aggregate Inheritance and Meta hierarchies The Aggregate tab contains a tree based containment hierarchy of all folders models and parts from the highest level of the project the Root Folder The aggregate hierarchy is ignorant to aspects and is capable of displaying objects of any kind More information on the aggregate hierarchy will be provided shortly Figure 6 Model Browser with each tab selected Aggregate Inheritance Meta Aggregate Inheritance Meta Aggregate Inheritance Meta Ro
99. d Role Name used to specify the role name of the object The Search checks for any role names that match the pattern specified by this field Kind Name used to specify the kind name of the object The Search checks for any kind names that match the pattern specified by this field Attribute used to specify an attribute appearing in the object This field can take complicated logical expressions as input An attribute has a value associated with it You can search for attributes with a specific value or a value satisfying an expression Supported operators in attribute expression e Logical Operators amp AND OR e Comparison Operators gt lt gt lt Attribute expressions can be combined with logical expressions For example let s say you want to search a person object with age gt 18 and height less than 6 feet Then you can have an attribute expression like this age gt 18 amp height lt 6 This will find all 34 GME Manual and User Guide 4 12 2 4 12 3 objects which have attribute called age and height and then compare the values of those attributes In this case it checks if the age is greater than 18 and height is less than 6 Note gt lt gt and lt are not valid for string attribute types The two search criteria are combined with logical operators The operators are given below And Matching objects must satisfy both the search criteria Or Matching objects must satisfy at
100. d gme Folder folders ocl Set gme Folder Returns a set which contains all folders recursively contained by the folder gme Folder childFolders ocl Set gme Folder Returns a set which contains all folders contained by the folder gme Folder rootDescendants ocl Set gme FCO Returns a set which contains all fcos which are either root objects in the folder or in all folders that the folder contains recursively gme Folder rootChildren ocl Set gme FCO Returns a set which contains all fcos which are root objects of the folder gme Folder models kind ocl String ocl Set gme Model D gme Folder models kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Model Returns a set which contains all models contained by the folder or by any child folder or model that the folder contains recursively If kind is specified then the set returned will contain objects with kind kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Mode1 then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme Folder atoms kind ocl String ocl Set gme Atom D gme Folder atoms kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Atom Returns a set which contains all atoms contained by the folder or by any child folder or model that the folder contains recursively If kind is specified then the set returned will contain objects with kind kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme
101. d it will be added the list of paradigms If however the paradigm is an update to an existing paradigm it will replace the existing one but the old paradigm is also kept as a previous generation The only exception is when the paradigms are specified in their binary format i e not XML and the file or connection name of the new generation corresponds to that of the previous one This way existing models can still be opened with the legacy paradigms they were created with For new models however the current generation is used always Paradigms can be unregistered using the Remove button Note that the paradigm file is not deleted Different generations of an existing paradigm can be managed using the Purge Select button This brings up another dialog showing all the generations of the selected paradigm One option is to set the current generation the one used for creating new models The other option allows unregistering or also physically deleting one or several of the previous generations Whether the files are deleted is controlled by the checkbox in the lower right corner Important New paradigm versions are not always compatible with existing binary models If a model is reopened GME offers the option to upgrade it to the new paradigm If the upgrade fails XML export and re import is needed the previous generation of the paradigm is to be used for export XML is usually the more robust technique for model migration it only fails
102. d Ref3 p2_refl gt getChildPorts Get referred FCO i e p2_model P2 of Model of P2 of Refl p2_refl gt getFCO Get objects connected to P2 of Model directly or indirectly via reference ports It includes A Al A2 A3 and A4 p2_model gt getConnEnds W true Get objects connected to P2 of Model directly without reference ports It includes only A p2_model gt getConnEnds W false Get objects connected to P2 of Refl directly or indirectly via descendant reference ports It includes Al A2 A3 and A4 A is not included p2_refl gt getConnEnds Y W true Get objects connected to P2 of Refl directly without descendant reference ports It includes only Al p2_refl gt getConnEnds WY W false Gets objects connected to Pl of Ref3 or its referencers that have the role in the connection A3 A4 pl_ref3 gt GetConnEndsAs src Gets the objects connected to P1 of Ref3 that can be reached by outgoing meta_connection src role connections and have no such outgoing connections B3 A4 pl_ref3 gt getDirectConnEnds meta_connection src pl_ref3 has no outgoing dst connections so this returns pl_ref3 pl_ref3 gt getDirectConnEnds meta_connection dst sre It is good to know that the casting mechanism defined by the appropriate wrapper classes works transparently between BON ConnectionEnd BON FCO and its descenda
103. d model become library constraints The types of constraints are the following Figure 51 Icons for types of Constraints and Definitions Critical Constraint in the paradigm Non critical Constraint in the paradigm Critical Constraint in the model Non critical Constraint in the model Critical Constraint in a library Non critical Constraint in a library Attribute Definition in the paradigm Method Definition in the paradigm Constraint Browser By executing the Tools Display Constraints command the user can browse all constraints available in the model in the page Constraints of the Constraint Browser The page displays the state i e not available because of errors well formed and valid the type and the full name for each constraint Selecting the items in the list and clicking on the Check button make the user able to evaluate specific constraint on demand Double clicking on a constraint the user is able to look at its expression and its other attributes If the constraint is neither a paradigm constraint nor a library constraint its definition can be changed easily with the exception of the context and the name Figure 52 Constraints in the model Constraint Browser Constraints Kinds and Types Settings IG meta AND CheckConn Q meta NOT CheckConn SIG meta not checkattr He meta Circuit Constraint_to_XOR 116 GME Manual and User G
104. d model in one aspect at a time Figure 8 A typical model Editor window with an open context menu System SFDemo1 Folder x Ma T Name System Compound Aspect SignalFlowAspe Base N A Zoom 100 x Properties Tim j Preferences Out in Fre a Annotations Registry PreProcessing Processing PostPr insert New Model U Insert New Atom gt Insert Annotation Name Location Copy Copy Closure Copy Smart Paste Special U Delete Interpret Check Locate Help 18 GME Manual and User Guide A typical Editor window is shown above The status line near the top begins with an icon indicating whether the current model is a type T or instance I Next to it is a field indicating the model s name System in this case Next to the model s name is the kind field indicating the kind of model e g Connector Compound Network etc being edited Continuing to the right the Aspect field indicates that this model is being viewed in the SignalFlowAspect Remember a model s appearance included parts and connection types can change as different aspects are selected Finally the right side of the status line shows the base type of this model in case it is a model type if it is an archetype it does not have a base type so the field shows N A or the type model in case the current model is an instance 4 5 2 GME Menus On the GME Menubar the following commands are available File The File menu
105. d that edge information into the fully customizable path s data That work is done by a special algorithm it converts the route determined by the auto router logic into a series of fully customizable connection points This way you can start to customize an existing line and do not have to build up one from scratch This algorithm runs before you change the auto routing state of the GME application on a whole model or an individual connection Note that this algorithm needs to run the auto routing algorithm on the whole model to be able to obtain the needed information so it might make opening or refreshing of a model view slower For example if you modify the auto routing state of a sub model and you open that sub model in a view much later the conversion algorithm will run only at the time during the view opening procedure The start and the end points of the connections are special they are still determined by the auto routing logic This is partly because connection path ending in a port wouldn t be movable anyway because the location of the port cannot be changed inside the model box the port position is automatically computed and fixed 4 10 Emergency saves and GME CrashDumps GME is able to generate a CrashDump in the event of a GME crash A CrashDump file a Microsoft MiniDump crash report file with additional custom information stream contains a collection of information related to the particular crash With the help of this file deve
106. d value For more details see the chapter on type inheritance Preferences are accessible through the context menus and for the current model through the Edit menu Default preferences can be specified in the paradigm definition file XML User settings can be applied to either the current object or the kind of object globally in the project The checkbox in the preferences dialog box specifies this scope information If the for Kind checkbox is set the information is stored in the compiled binary paradigm definition file not in the XML document This means that a subsequent parsing of the XML file overwrites preference settings This limitation will be eliminated in a later release of GME Even when the global scope is selected this only applies to objects that themselves or any of their ancestors have not overridden the given preference 14 GME Manual and User Guide 4 Using GME 4 1 GME Interfaces The GME interacts with the user through two major interfaces s the Model Browser and e the Graphical Editor Models are stored in a model database and are organized into projects A project is a group of models created using a particular modeling paradigm Within a project the models are further organized into modeling folders Folders themselves and models in one folder can be organized hierarchically although standalone models can also be present The Model Browser is used to view or look at the entire project a
107. de GUI related operations i e Export XML MGA related model inquires or modifications operating on the currently opened model 36 GME Manual and User Guide Figure 24 Hello World in GME gme ConsoleMessage Hello World 1 6 Hello World 2 0me ConsoleMessa ef hiello World 1 S al Beside the features provided by the selected scripting language built in methods variables or packages three GME specific objects are available in the GME scripting environment gme project and it The first object gme represents the running GME application instance and implements the IGMEOLEApp interface as defined in the Gme id1 file This interface allows the user to access various user interface elements of the modeling environment i e panels like Act iveBrowser and ObjectBrowser or to execute project related commands like invoking an interpreter on the currently opened model if any hiding the ActiveBrowser window gme panels 0 Visible 0 check the constraints gme CheckAllConstraints invoking an interpreter gme RunComponent Mga Interpreter ComponentC The lifetime of the gme object is the same as that of the application The project variable is valid while a project is opened in the main application window This variable implements the IMgaP ro ject interface defined in Mga id1 For accessing the inner elements inside an MGA project transactions must be used gme OpenProject MGA
108. defined They were similar to Constraint Method Definitions with the limitation that they only could return ocl Boolean In this implementation the Constraint Function is updated to be compliant with the Constraint Definitions specified by OCL 2 0 The set of the attributes of the former Constraint Function is extended The attributes include the following e Stereotype Stereotype of the definition it can be either method or attribute e Return type The returned kind or meta kind of the definition e Context The context of the definition It can be either a kind or a meta kind e Parameter list The parameters of the method definition separated by a comma e Equation The expression of the definition The definition of Constraint Definitions requires that the context the return type and the expression must always be defined Due to this extension the Meta Interpreter of GME had to be slightly altered in order to better interpret the extended Constraint Functions Of course XML files exported before this modification and XMP files interpreted by the former Meta Interpreter can still be imported and used These Constraint Functions will be recognized as Method Definitions with the context of the singleton gme Project and with ocl Boolean as the return type Errors may occur however because these methods cannot be called in expressions as a function rather as a method of the predefined variable called project
109. defined by the type or by the meta type It is also possible that an attribute is not defined by either type or meta type but by a constraint attribute definition 126 GME Manual and User Guide Attributes are not typical of predefined types there is only one called size In OCL depending on the type of the elements a special feature can be applied to compound objects which looks like an attribute call This feature is a shortcut for the special usage of a predefined iterator collect It is introduced in OCL because of convenience We describe it with an example below These attributes exist if and only if the object contained by the compound object has them lt expression gt gt lt attributeName gt Assuming that there is a Set mySet which consists objects with type Person Person has an attribute called age The result is the same in both cases a Bag consisting integers age of persons mySet gt collect person Person person name mySet gt name In some circumstances attributes of the compound object and the contained object are ambiguous Then the decision is made i e which attribute is called depending on the member selection operator 1 5 4 Methods Methods are the most generic feature of a type A method may have arguments which are evaluated before calling the method on an object Arguments may be optional as in many programming languages Optional arguments can
110. defined is returned The benefits of these features are e The cautious modeler has free rein in writing expressions because the features are not fully checked e A constraint can already be attached to different kinds without dealing with difference and conformance because the features are defined by meta kinds We strongly recommend that the special feature gme FCO att ribute should not be used In MCL this method returns objects with different types depending on the type of the attribute This feature is also not very secure in the expression oclAsType it returns oc1 Any in this implementation It is better to somehow cast the kind itself and use the standard access of attributes defined by OCL 105 GME Manual and User Guide 10 1 2 3 Special Features of Predefined OCL Types In GME there are some special features with which predefined OCL types are extended but they are not part of OCL specification These are in order e ocl String intValue This feature exists because of backward compatibility thus it is deprecated Standard ocl String toInteger must be used instead e ocl String doubleValue This feature exists because of backward compatibility thus it is deprecated Standard ocl String toReal must be used instead e ocl String match ocl String This method is introduced so that regular expression can be used to test whether a string matches a specific format Th
111. dels If a compound model can contain other models we have a case of model hierarchy In the GME each part atom model reference or set is represented by an icon Parts have a simple paradigm defined icon If no icon is defined for a model it is shown using an automatically generated rectangular icon with a 3D border 3 2 3 Atoms Atoms or atomic parts are simple modeling objects that do not have internal structure i e they do not contain other objects although they can have attributes Atoms can be used to represent entities which are indivisible and exist in the context of their parent model Figure 2 A primitive model SubGeneratorC containing four atoms SF SFDemo1 DEK File Edit View Tools Window Help PA EET PAA ME MOARE E ERE 2 H SubGeneratorC SFDemo1 Folder System PostProcessing X T Name SubGeneratorC Primitive Aspect SignalFlowAspe xj Base N A Zoom 100 Channel Output Fequency x a A b 4 Ce lt sxx X 2 B Examples of atoms are as follows e An output data port on a dataflow block in a signal processing paradigm e A connection link on a processor model in a hardware description paradigm e A process variable in a process model in a chemical engineering paradigm 3 2 4 Model Hierarchy As mentioned above models can contain other models as parts models of the same or different kind as the parent model This is a case of model hierarc
112. described below Left clicking on any part toggles the visibility of the object For connections their source and destination objects are toggled The user may continue to select parts in this manner highlighting hiding more and more objects Right clicking on a part will toggle the visibility of the object and the objects at the ends of its connections Note that exactly those connections are highlighted at any one time that connect highlighted objects 4 8 1 7 Miscellaneous operations The following operations are only accessible from the toolbar s Toggle grid At zoom levels 100 or higher a grid can be displayed in the model editor window GME objects always snap to this fine grid whether they are visible or not to facilitate alignment of the objects e Refresh Clicking the paintbrush button forces GME to repaint all the windows 27 GME Manual and User Guide In the current model Edit window there is a selected list of objects highlighted by little frames Using the Arrow keys on the keyboard these objects can be moved by one grid cell in the selected direction provided that there are no collisions Note that GME does not allow overlapping objects Connections in GME are automatically routed The user only needs to specify the end points of a connection and an appropriate route will be automatically generated that will avoid all objects and try to provide a visually pleasing connection layout The built in context sen
113. digm Right clicking a part even connection brings up a context menu Choose Properties to edit view an object s properties Choose Attributes to edit its paradigm specific attribute values As mentioned earlier reference parts act as pointers to objects providing a reference to that part or model References are created by holding down Ctrl Shift while dropping parts into a new model from another model window or from the Browser When dragging a reference from the Part Browser it is not necessary to hold down any keys because the source already specifies that a reference is to be created In this case however a null reference is created since there is no target object specified similar to using the context menu to insert a reference References can be redirected i e the object they refer to can be changed Simply drop an object on top of an existing reference and if the object kind matches the reference is redirected Note that the type hierarchy places restrictions on this operation as well see later in the Type Inheritance chapter Subtypes and instances of models can be created by holding down Alt Shift and Alt keys respectively during the drop operation Type inheritance is described in a separate chapter Parts and models may be removed by left clicking to highlight them and either selecting Delete from the Edit menu or by pressing the Delete key Note that any connections attached to an object will also be deleted when t
114. dinates specify the operation s the label area Note that currently none of the GME s bundled decorators default box decorator UML decorator meta decorator use this feature nFlag came from a GME message see MouseLeftButtonDown above for example and can be forwarded back to GME for completeness but currently GME doesn t use it HRESULT LabelResizing in LONG nFlags in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom 53 GME Manual and User Guide The decorator tells GME that the label size is changed and we are still in the label resizing operation The coordinates specify the actual location of the label HRESULT LabelResizingFinished in LONG nFlags in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom The decorator tells GME that a label resizing operation is finished The coordinates specify the actual location of the label This should be the last message because this will issue the transaction commit command The Labe1Resized message must precede it HRESULT LabelResized in LONG nFlags in LONG x in LONG y The decorator tells GME that the new location of the label is finalized and the transaction can be opened The x and y parameters are the delta values compared to the previous location of the label The decorator must call LabelResized function before modifying the mga object The decorator also must call the LabelResizingFinished function after that in order to have the tra
115. ds ocl Set union set ocl Set ocl Set ocl Set union bag ocl Bag ocl Bag Returns the union of the set and set or bag ocl Set subtract collection ocl Collection ocl Set Returns a set which contains all elements that are contained in set but not in collection ocl Set intersection set ocl Set ocl Set ocl Set intersection bag ocl Bag ocl Set Returns the intersection of the set and set or bag ocl Set symmetricDifference set ocl Set ocl Set Returns a set which contains all elements that are contained by only the set or set ocl Set including any ocl Any ocl Set Returns a set containing any ocl Set excluding any ocl Any ocl Set Returns a set not containing any 2 10 ocl Bag 2 10 1 2 10 2 The type ocl Bag represents the mathematical concept of multi set set containing elements multiple times Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as bag Its supertype is oc Collection Operators operator bagl ocl Bag bag2 ocl Bag ocl Boolean Returns t rue if the size of bag1 and bag2 are the same and bag1 contains all elements of bag2 with the same counts and bag2 contains all elements of bag1 with the same counts operator lt gt bag ocl Bag collection ocl Collection ocl Boolean 142 GME Manual and User Guide 2 10 3 2 10 4 Returns true if the size of bagl and bag2 are no
116. e cache the proper child models std set lt BON Model gt temp getChildModels for std set lt BON Model gt iterator it temp begin it temp end itt if it gt getObjectMeta name it gt getChildFCOs size gt mySet insert it Compound amp amp 2 void finalize mySet clear important to avoid reference cycles std set lt BON Model gt getMyCompounds return mySet 90 GME Manual and User Guide private std set lt BON Model gt mySet end of class 9 3 6 2 Create the Wrapper Class After the implementation is ready the user has to generate an appropriate wrapper class to the implementation class and assign it to a specific kind defined by the paradigm These correspond to two macros DECLARE_BONEXTENSION and IMPLEMENT_BONEXTENSION DECLARE_BONEXTENSION macro creates the appropriate wrapper It must precede the macros defining the classes which derive from this class The parameters are the following e Base wrapper class This class has to be the wrapper class of the base class of the user defined implementation class In our case it is BON Model e Implementation class This is the user defined implementation class In our case itis CompoundI mpl e Wrapper class This is the class which has to be generated to the specified implementation class Thi
117. e Containment rolename defined by the paradigm e g CompoundPart e Kindname defined by the paradigm e g Compound e Metakindname defined by GME e g BON Model BON FCO 91 GME Manual and User Guide The rules are the following s If there is containment role assigned e Only one containment role create appropriate BON extension e More than one containment role throw an exception s If there is kind assigned e Only one kind create appropriate BON extension e More than one kind throw an exception s If there is metakind assigned e Only one metakind and it complies with the implementation create appropriate BON extension e Otherwise throw an exception e If there is no assignment e Create the appropriate generic BON implementation A more sophisticated example is the following The user creates an AtomEx BON extension with additional functionality extending the generic GME concept Atom After that she extends the AtomEx with Parameter and Parameter is extended with MainParameter which is assigned to a specific role DECLARE_BONEXTENSION BON Atom AtomExImp1 AtomEx DECLARE_BONEXTENSION AtomEx ParameterImpl Parameter DECLARE_BONEXTENSION Parameter MainParameterImpl MainParameter IMPLEMENT_BONEXTENSION AtomEx BON Atom IMPLEMENT_BONEXTENSION Parameter InputParameter OutputParameter Parameter IMPLEMENT_BONEXTENSION MainParameter
118. e PreferenceMap container to pass various settings of the decorators between the parts during the initialization phase After building up your decorator you probably want to customize it with extra functionality You should use the DecoratorUtils helper singleton class wherever it s possible to save system resources and you can implement certain tasks easier with it e You can more easily access preferences and attributes of the mga objects see getAtt ribute and getPreference functions e You can get cached pen brush and font objects to make the drawing operations resource aware see GetFont GetPen GetBrush functions e You can make text drawing and measurement and other graphical operations easier see MeasureText DrawString DrawRect DrawBox getGraphics getBitmap functions 7 6 Assigning decorators to objects You can assign decorators to objects in your meta model or even later in your model s In the MetaGME environment there is a Decorator attribute for each non connection FCO where you can specify a COM ProgID along with optional parameter value pairs for a class The format of this string is as follows ProgID paraml valuel param2 value2 e g MGA Decorator MetaDecorator showattributes false showabstract true In your models all the non connection FCOs have a preference setting called Decorator The format of this string is identical to the one in the meta model 58 GME Manual and User Guide 8 Metamodeling
119. e color of the checkboxes of the descendant objects will change using the advantage of type inheritance in the registry In order to facilitate the context definition the right and left buttons of the mouse can be used s Left button set the flag only for the specific node e Right button set the flag for the specific node and its appropriate subnode according to described relationships above 10 2 7 5 Constraints in a library Constraints residing in a library are the same as the constraints in a model but according to the library s definition the constraints are read only Note If a library i e the included model is changed it has to be included again into the model after deletion or refreshed After including the library the model has to be closed so that its new constraints will be available for evaluating A OCL and GME 118 GME Manual and User Guide 1 OCL Language In this section we discuss the standard OCL 1 4 structures and expression can be used in GME We summarize all issues which writing constraints in GME based on 1 1 Type Conformance OCL as specified is a typed language The types that can be used in OCL are organized in a type hierarchy This hierarchy as well as the type inheritance and special properties of meta types correspond to conformance rules describing if and how a type conforms to another These rules include the following Common rules e A type conforms to itself e A
120. e different semantics and they are considered as kinds and must have unique names with fcos In GME Model is the most important concept because it specifies with Containment the hierarchical structure of the objects in a GME project As it is shown in the figure Containment is a Model FCO pair with a unique name in the context of the Model In contrast to UML regarding the relationships instead of class GME deals with Containment which corresponds to the containment role and MgaMet aRole COM interface With this concept more sophisticated paradigms may be created without further constraints e g in a class only that student may take part in a golf club whose all grades are A Class Model Student FCO Excellent Containment GolfClub Set That is why Set and Reference are associated with Containment instead of FCO These associations similarly to FolderContainment are blue colored denoting that they are introduced only in MON Figure 36 MON classes with their specific relations Folder Model FolderContainment 0 7 L daima Containment 0 2 Object a Reference 4 o Containment a l a Connection ReferenceAssociation a T 0 ConnectionSpecification T 0 7 Set 19 o Containment ConnectionRole a a
121. e have to up cast the objects to access the functionality defined by oc1 Any This is why we introduced a simplification operator 122 GME Manual and User Guide operator and its negation operator always tests identity However operator and its negation operator lt gt always checks equality standard OCL The following are some examples which return t rue assuming that there is a variable var initialized with 5 let var 5 in var oclAsType ocl Any var oclAsType ocl Any 1 Standard way to test identity var oclAsType ocl Any var oclAsType ocl Any 2 Redundant complex but valid expression same as 1 var var 3 Same as 1 short and compact form of 1 not var var 4 Meaning of operator var 5 5 Because 5 is stored in different memory space as var s value var 5 6 Equality of integers not var lt gt 5 7 Non equality of integers 5 5 8 Two fives are in different memory spaces During the evaluation of an OCL expression none of the objects are altered after they receive a value i e they are initialized This is a consequence of query languages In OCL all features of types return a different object not identical even if it is possible for them to return the same object identical For example method ocl Set including receives an object adds it to the set and returns a set Th
122. e ignored but not deleted 4 9 2 Editing a Connection If you hover over a selected auto routed connection the cursor will turn to a vertical or horizontal arrow With a drag and drop operation you can adjust the vertical position of a horizontal edge or the horizontal position of a vertical edge If you hover over a joint of an auto routed connection you can initiate a customization operation where both edges which are adjacent to the particular point will be moved If a connection line is selected the edges that have customization information will appear with a dash dot dot pattern Figure 15 Customized edge with dash dot dot pattern ClassC A ClassD 30 GME Manual and User Guide In the context menu there s also the possibility to delete the customization for just a given edge or delete all customization of the connection for the actual aspect Also you can delete all customization data for all aspect for the particular connection using the proper context menu point Figure 16 Context menu with options to delete customization end I Properties Preferences Registry Source AutoRouting gt Destination AutoRouting gt Delete Help L Jump to Source Jump to Destination Convert auto routed path to custom path Delete this edge s customization Delete customizations for this connection 4 9 3 Fully customizable connection modifications The skew conn
123. e operation finished function and the transaction is committed during the final call LabelEditingFinished WindowResizeFinished The interface also contains other useful functions to indicate cursor change on the decorator side cancellation of an operation or needed UI refresh The following table illustrates a label editing process Table 3 Label editing process GME Dir Decorator gt MouseMoved nFlags pointx pointy transformHDC gt SetSelected VARIANT_TRUE lt CursorChanged LONG newCursorID gt MouseLeftButtonDown nFlags pointx pointy transformHDC lt LabelEditingStarted nFlags left top right bottom lt LabelChanged BSTR newLabel lt LabelEditingFinished nFlags left top right bottom lt CursorRestored 51 GME Manual and User Guide The following table illustrates a window resize process Table 4 Window resize process GME Dir Decorator gt MouseMoved nFlags pointx pointy transformHDC gt SetSelected VARIANT_TRUE lt CursorChanged LONG newCursorID gt MouseLeftButtonDown nFlags pointx pointy transformHDC lt WindowResizingStarted nFlags left top gt MouseMoved nFlags pointx pointy transformHDC lt WindowResizing nFlags left top right gt MouseLeftButtonUp nFlags pointx pointy
124. e selected or deselected at the user s choice Figure 45 Example metamodel for the BONExtender interpreter FCOBase lt lt FCO gt gt FCODerived1 FCODerived2 lt lt FCO gt gt lt lt FCO gt gt a AtomBase SetBase ModelBase lt lt Atom gt gt lt lt Set gt gt lt lt Model gt gt Atom1 Atom2 Set1 Model1 Model2 lt lt Model gt gt lt lt Model gt gt lt lt Atom gt gt lt lt Atom gt gt lt lt Set gt gt Model1A Model1B lt lt Model gt gt L lt lt Model gt gt 102 GME Manual and User Guide 10 Constraint Manager 10 1 Features of the new Constraint Manager 10 1 1 10 1 1 1 GME contains the improved constraint manager which is fully compliant with the standard OCL 1 4 specification Here we enumerate the features of the Constraint Manager without delving Standard OCL features The following features are new regarding the language MCL which was used earlier to write constraints in GME The language is a typed language Undefined is introduced as a value Variable declaration is supported Performance and readability can be taken into consideration All OCL operators are implemented Operators have the right precedence and associativity All features of predefin
125. e to be executed inside transactions That is why if no user transaction was active the method does the duplication or connecting task between BeginTransaction and CommitTransaction calls If the user initiates this command from a transaction it is detected and another transaction is not started and when the method exits the transaction remains open However to help users manage transactions and let them avoid tedious typing creating territories passing them to over to BeginTransaction etc simple parameterless BeginTransaction and CommitTransaction methods of the it object are provided Connect and Connect FCO methods are used to connect object in one model Two objects have to be specified by their name or the pointers and the connection role may be given optionally If an empty string is given as connection role then the object are connected if one possible connection role exists between the source and destination ConnectThruPort method is provided to establish connections between ports referenceports The connection role again can be left empty The source and destination are identified by specifying two roles for each The first one is the name of the container the second is the name of the port The container might be a model or a reference If one port is involved in the intended connection for example only at the source side the destination must be specified by leaving the second role parameter empty Using ShowFCO method the use
126. e to the metamodel of their domains The MON makes the paradigm available at the time of writing components All information covered by the metamodel are accessible from the aspect and valid connections between objects to constraints The benefits are obvious e MON is the key to write paradigm independent interpreters or plug ins to GME avoiding to get into the details of COM e For a user the definition of a GME metamodel sometimes could be very difficult to understand With MON GME developers and interpreter writers can examine the wellness of the paradigm easily and may get more familiar with rules how a GME paradigm is specified and interpreted 82 GME Manual and User Guide s It made possible to implement BON on the base of well specified interface BON2 is developed on the basis of MON and it depends tightly to the classes defined in MON as you can see in the latter subsections e References to a metaobject can be done with the metaobject itself eliminating the mistakes came from misspelled names for example Whenever GME or the users execute a component the paradigm is always accessible to the component via MON The meta object network is read only and can be altered indirectly with reinterpretation only or modifying manually the xmp file containing the interpreted metamodel The meta object network is created during the initialization time of the components and it is already readable when the user s initializati
127. e two sets are not identical but the object which is included in the new set is identical to the argument of the method because it was not altered We must note here that in all features depending on identity or equality check equality is always applied We will indicate explicitly if an identity check is used or if the identity of an object is not changed during the evaluation i e a new object is not created in memory 1 4 4 Literals For the time being two kinds of literals exist literals of data types predefined by OCL and literals of compound types Because basic primitive types are well known their literals are discussed through examples string r ns lt CRS lt LFS String literals 0 0 1 0 5 232 234 5232 Real literals reals are represented as 64bit long signed floating point numbers 0 ily 5 2131 Integer literals integers are represented as 64bit long signed integer numbers enabled disabled unknown Enumeration literals enumeration values begins with character true false Boolean literals Compound types literals are a bit more complex than primitive types literals The user has to write the name of the compound type followed by the list of expressions enclosed by braces the list can be empty Objects returned by the expressions will be the elements of the compound object In standard OCL range of object using operator can be specified
128. e user to automate some repetitive tasks The methods it provides require either object names or IMgaFCO pointers as incoming parameters the latter method names being suffixed with FCO The code sample below shows duplicating clone of objects clones object if any named InSignal renames the clone to ClonedInSignal and returns it 37 GME Manual and User Guide clonedInSignalPtr it Duplicate InSignal ClonedInSignal cloning clonedInSignal object 4 times with different names for i in range 5 it DuplicateFCO clonedInSignalPtr twiceClonedInSignal str i cloning twiceClonedInSignal2 object using the it Child method it DuplicateFCO it Child twiceClonedInSignal2 thriceClonedInSignal Some other MGA related operations the user may use are Create Refer Include Connect ConnectThruPort SetAttribute SubType Instantiate as well as their FCO suffixed counterparts The name based Duplicate method requires that InSignal must be present in the active model the pointer based DuplicateFCO method does not enforce this allowing the clonable object to be in a different model in the same project Exception to this rule is IncludeFCO requiring that the set object and its to be member must be in the same model All these operations i e Duplicate IncludeFCO Connect etc use methods defined in IMgaFCO or IMgaMode1 interfaces that requir
129. ecessary The other files in the workspace are normally not modified by the user and for this reason they are generated with a read only attribute After building the project the component d11 is registered and associated with the paradigms you specify When you edit a model using one of these paradigms and press the interpret button you launch this component if there are more than one components associated with the given paradigm a menu will pop up to choose from The d11 will be located and loaded at this time 9 5 Extending the Component Interface using the BON Extender interpreter After writing a few interpreters one realizes that the extension of the Component Interface as shown above is a repetitive and boring task The BON Extender interpreter is aimed to automate this process Based on a specific metamodel domain specific skeleton code is generated Thus when you write your interpreter in the specific paradigm you will have only to enrich the generated classes with the functionality you want The BON Extender interpreter creates specialized class definitions for all object kinds even for abstract ones These specialized classes will be instantiated when your interpreter executes The output consists of the skeleton class definitions and their implementation in two files The filenames are formed based on the paradigm name appended with the string BonExtension A skeleton visitor class and a log file is generated a
130. ecommended to update the component code i e converting CComponent Invoke to CComponent InvokeEx this warning can also be suppressed by disabling the new COM component interface through the inclusion of the define IMPLEMENT_OLD_INTERFACE_ONLY definition into the old Component h file Plug Ins are paradigm independent components The example Noname plug in displays a message The implementation is in the component cpp file shown below T9 GME Manual and User Guide include stdafx h include Component h void CComponent InvokeEx CBuilder amp builder CBuilderObject focus CBuilderObjectList amp selected long param AfxMessageBox Plug In Sample The component h and component cpp files are the ones that the component writer needs to expand to implement the desired functionality 9 1 3 Component Interface Figure 34 Class diagram of Builder Object Network CBuilderObject CBuilder CBuilderFolder CBuilderModel CBuilderAtom CBuilderModelReference CBuilderAtomReference CBuilderConnection CBuilderSet CBuilderReferencePort The simple class structure of the component interface is shown below Note that each class is a derivative of the standard MFC CObject class As noted before the single instance of the CBuilder class provides a top level entry point into the builder object
131. ection edges totally get out of control of the auto router algorithm The vertical and horizontal edges of the path are still taken into account during the auto routing algorithm so they won t collide with auto routed lines There s no box avoidance logic it is totally up to you how you want to route the connection line The only logic which still applies determines the start and the end point according to the box s router direction preferences 4 9 3 1 Editing fully customizable connections You can click on a point anywhere on an edge on a connection and with a drag and drop technique a new point can be added to the route Figure 17 Creating a skew connection ClassC ClassA ClassB K ClassD You can repeat this as many times as required and add other points Removing points can be done with context menu right clicking on the desired point or by simply moving the point in line with the adjacent points If you move the point in line with the adjacent points the point will be automatically removed from the route Besides automatic point deletion There s also a logic which does horizontal and vertical alignment of connection edge This means that if a newly added point creates a nearly vertical or nearly horizontal edge GME will automatically adjust those to be totally vertical horizontal The align algorithm can be disabled by holding down the Ctrl Control button during the
132. ects can be removed by simply left clicking on the connection itself or the source and or destination parts 4 8 1 4 Set Mode Set parts are added to a model just like any other part However their members can only be specified when the editor is in Set Mode Once the editor is in this mode right clicking a set will cause all parts even connections in the model that are not part of the given set to be grayed out Left clicking object toggles their membership in the set As they are added removed to the set they regain lose their color and appearance 4 8 1 5 Zoom Mode The Zoom Mode allows the user the view the models at different levels of magnification The supported range is between 10 and 300 Left clicking anywhere in a model window zooms in while right clicking zooms out The zoom level is window specific 4 8 1 6 Visualization Mode The Visualization Mode allows single objects and collections of objects neighborhoods of objects to be visually highlighted with respect to other modeling objects This is useful when examining and or discussing complex models To enter the Visualization Mode select the Visualization Mode button on the GME editing mode bar see picture above This will cause all visible parts and connections to become grayed out Next the user may click on objects using either the left or right mouse buttons to make them fully visible again Left and right clicking have different effects as
133. ed primitive types are implemented Types can be referred as ocl Type and not as ocl String Namespaces can be used Typecast is implemented All compound types of OCL are implemented Almost all predefined iterators exception is sortedBy as well as the generic iterate are supported Implicit variables are implemented More sophisticated features and expression resolution are supported Short circuit operators and iterators are supported Features defined by MCL are improved More security is provided but these calls remain insecure The meta kind features are linked to the appropriate meta kinds Predefined OCL types are extended with some useful features Standard access of attributes is supported New and Improved features in GME The following features are new considering the functionality of the former version of Constraint Manager All former features and functionality are still available although they are either deprecated or improved New kind gme Project is introduced New predefined variable called project is available in expressions The Constraint Function is made to be compliant with Constraint 103 GME Manual and User Guide 10 1 2 10 1 2 1 e Definitions defined by OCL 2 0 e More sophisticated error detection at syntax and semantic checking e More detailed report about constraint violations e User friendly dialogs reporting errors and violations e The state of the evaluation p
134. een non abstract and the rolename empty in the meta model the following get methods would have been generated class ProcessingImpl public Model tmp public std set lt InputSignals gt getInputSignals std set lt OutputSignals gt getOutputSignals std set lt Signals gt getSignals role getter std set lt Signals gt getSignals int dummy aggregated T Connections will have specialized source and destination get methods However when a connection can have a reference port as its end the return value will be simply BON Connect ionEnd In the case below no reference ports are involved so a specialized class like Signal will be returned by the get methods class DataflowConnImpl public ConnectionImpl public connectionEnd getters Signal getSrc Signal getDst BUP 100 GME Manual and User Guide add your own members here UP T Beside this the source and destination kinds will have two additional get methods one for inquiring the connection links starting or ending at that particular kind another for inquiring the kinds connected to the object through a particular connection class SignalImpl public AtomImpl public connection end getters std multiset lt Signal gt getDataflowConnSrcs std multiset lt Signal gt getDataflowConnDsts connection link getters std set lt DataflowConn gt getDataflowConnLinks std set lt DataflowConn gt getInData
135. efined Operator gt isa short circuit operator If bool is false or undefined bool2 will not be evaluated operator not bool ocl Boolean ocl Boolean Returns true if bool is false Returns undefined if bool is undefined 2 5 ocl Real The type ocl Real represents the mathematical concept of real 2 5 1 Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as real or double Its supertype is ocl Any 2 5 2 Operators operator reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Boolean Returns true if reall is equal to real2 operator lt gt reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Boolean Returns true if reall is not equal to real 2 operator lt reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Boolean Returns true if reall is less than real 2 136 GME Manual and User Guide operator lt reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Boolean Returns true if real 1 is less than or equal to real 2 operator gt reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Boolean Returns true if reall is greater than real2 operator gt reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Boolean Returns true if real1 is greater than or equal to real2 operator real ocl Real ocl Real Returns a real which is the opposite of real or 0 0 if real is 0 0 operator reall ocl Real real2 ocl Real ocl Real Returns a real which is the addition of reall and real2
136. el 62 GME Manual and User Guide 8 1 6 Attributes Attributes are represented by UML classes in the GME metamodeling environment There are three different kinds of Attributes Enumerated Field and Boolean Once any of these Attributes are created they are aggregated to FCO s in the Attributes Aspect The order of attributes an FCO will have is determined by the relative vertical location of the UML classes representing the attributes 8 1 7 Inheritance Inheritance is standard style for UML Any FCO may inherit from an FCO kind of class but an FCO may inherit only from other FCOs Kinds may inherit only from each other e g Model may not inherit from Atom When the class is declared as abstract then it is used during generation but no output FCO is generated No class of kind FCO is ever generated When multiple inheritance is encountered it will always be treated as if it were virtual inheritance For example the classic diamond hierarchy will result in only one grandparent class being created rather than duplicate classes for each parent 8 1 7 1 How to Specify Inheritance It is assumed that Child and Parent are of the same kind e g Atom Model FCO is used in this example for brevity but note that any FCO may participate in the Child role if the Parent is of kind FCO Else they must match 1 Connect the Parent FCO to the Inheritance Atom This creates a superclass 2 Connect the Inheritance atom to the C
137. el or model reference referred to by the given reference The GetRefereePorts return the list of CBuilderReferencePorts class CBuilderModelReference public CBuilderObject const CBuilderReferencePortList amp GetRefereePorts const const CBuilderObject GetReferred const T A CBuilderConnection instance describes a relation among three objects The owner is the model that contains the given connection i e the connection is visible in that model The source destination is always an atom or a reference port If it is an atom then it is either contained by the owner or it corresponds to a port of a model contained by the owner So in case of atoms either the source destination or its parent is a child of the owner In case of a reference port its owner must be a child of the owner of the connection class CBuilderConnection public CBuilderObject public CBuilderModel GetOwner const CBuilderObject GetSource const CBuilderObject GetDestination const T The CBuilderSet class member function provide straightforward access to the different components of sets class CBuilderSet public CBuilderObject public const CBuilderModel GetOwner const const CBuilderObjectList GetMembers const bool AddMember CBuilderObject part bool RemoveMember CBuilderObject part T 9 1 4 Example The following simple paradigm independent interpreter displays a message box for each model in the project
138. enerate a modeling environment for the target domain Once an initial modeling paradigm has been formulated an MGA expert constructs a metamodel The metamodel is a UML based formal description of the modeling environment s model construction semantics The metamodel defines what types of objects can be used during the modeling process how those objects will appear on screen what attributes will be associated with those objects and how relationships between those objects will be represented The metamodel also contains a description of any constraints that the modeling environment must enforce at model creation time These constraints are expressed using the standard predicate logic language Object Constraint Language OCL with some additional features and limitations according to metamodeling environment of GME Note that as mentioned earlier metamodels are merely models of modeling environments and as such can be built using the GME A special metamodeling paradigm has been developed that allows metamodels to be constructed using the GME Once a metamodel has been created it is used to automatically generate a domain specific GME The GME is then made available to one or more domain experts who use it to build domain specific models GME Manual and User Guide Typically the domain expert s initial modeling efforts will reveal flaws or inconsistencies in the modeling paradigm As the modeling paradigm is refined and improved the me
139. ensitive user defined help functionality This is facilitated by the Help URL preference of objects This preference is inherited from the paradigm definition and through the type inheritance hierarchy exactly like any other object preference For more information on this inheritance see the separate chapter on type inheritance When the user selects help on a context menu or the Help menu item for the current model also the F1 key GME looks up the most specific help URL available for the given object If no help URL is found the program defaults to the appropriate section of the User s Manual located on the ISIS web server 33 GME Manual and User Guide When the appropriate URL is located GME invokes the default web browser on the current machine and displays the contents of the URL If no network connection is available the help system will be unable to display the information unless the web server is running on the current machine or the URL refers to a local file 4 12 Searching Objects 4 12 1 Search in GME is implemented as a dockable window Now you can dock the search window wherever you like The Search window can be opened by executing the Edit Find command using the CTRL F shortcut or clicking the binocular icon in the toolbar The search window is tabbed along side console Figure 22 GME Search Window Search Criteria Search Criteria Search For Search Options
140. er the object has access to an association end whose role or type considered as role looks like lt attribute gt 3 If the object comes from an implicit variable e If exactly one feature is found resolution is stopped e If more features are found then resolution is stopped and an exception is thrown because there are more features which can be accessed in the same way e Resolution ends and an exception is thrown because lt at t ribute gt cannot be resolved 4 If the object comes from an expression i e member selection operator is used s If exactly one feature is found resolution is stopped e If two attributes are found i e an attribute of the compound object and an attribute of the contained objects then resolution is stopped If the member selection operator is then the compound object s attribute is resolved otherwise the other attribute is resolved e If an attribute and an association end are found in this case the object is not compound because it cannot have associations then resolution is stopped and an exception is thrown because of ambiguity e Resolution ends and an exception is thrown because lt at t ribute gt cannot be resolved Resolving an expression which looks like a method call 1 Check whether the object has a method which can be called as lt met hod gt 131 GME Manual and User Guide 2 If the object is compound check whether the object has an iterator which can be called
141. erator to be a method called oclAsType This method returns the same object but with the type it obtains as an argument To cast one object s type to another the former type has to conform to the new type up casting or the new type has to conform to the former type down casting When these types cannot conform it is a type conformance error and an exception is thrown and unde fined is returned 121 GME Manual and User Guide The explicit use of oc lAsType is not required because some expressions have it implicitly e g Let expressions and iterators 1 4 2 Undefined In OCL 1 4 undefined is a special object which cannot be written as literal in this implementation During evaluation undef ined can be returned if the result of a feature call is undefined or if an exception is thrown These two aspects of undefined must be distinguished in the new version i e undefined is the sole instance of ocl Object and a new type called ocl Error must be introduced in order to denote exceptions thrown during the evaluation In this implementation undefined is considered first and foremost as an error Thus if a feature has to be performed on or with an object that is undefined then the feature is skipped and undefined is returned for example the user cannot perform an attribute call on undefined or if a method gets undefined as argument then the method is not called There are only some features in which undefined can p
142. es indicating failure propagation in a fault modeling paradigm Connections can be seen between atomic parts and models as in the case of the Input Signal atomic part connecting to the ports labeled In on each of the Generator models shown earlier and between ports of models as in the case of the Out ports of each Generator model connecting to the In port of another Generator model Notice that in this paradigm connections are directional used to indicate information flow between the models 3 2 7 Sets Models containing objects and connections show a static system In some cases however it is necessary to have a model of a dynamic system that has an architecture that changes over time From the visual standpoint this means that depending on what state the system is in we should see different pictures These states are not predefined by the modeling paradigm in that case they would be aspects but rather by the modeler The different pictures should show the same model containing the same kinds of parts but some of the parts should be present while others should be missing in a certain states In other words the modeler should be able to construct sets and subsets of particular objects even connections In GME each set is represented by an icon user defined or default When a particular set is activated only the objects belonging to that set are visible all other parts in the model
143. es attributes All FCO s will also have these attributes 8 1 2 2 1 How to create an FCO An FCO like all FCO s is created by dragging in the atom corresponding to its stereotype or inserting the atom through the menu 8 1 2 2 2 How to specify an Attribute for an FCO 1 Create and configure the Attribute and the FCO 2 Connect the Attribute to the FCO Now the Attribute belongs to the FCO 8 1 2 3 Atom The Atom is the simplest kind of object in one sense because it cannot contain any other parts but it is complex to define because of the many different contributions it can make to a Model Reference etc An Atom has the Jcon Name Port Icon Name and Name Position attributes 8 1 2 3 1 How to set that an Atom is a Port 1 Configure the Atom to be a member of a Model 2 Click on the attributes of the Containment association between the Atom and the Model 3 Assert the Object Is A Port attribute 8 1 2 4 Reference To represent a Reference class two things must be specified the FCO to which this Reference refers and the Model to which the Reference belongs A Reference has the Icon Name and Name Position attributes Figure 29 Example of a Reference Model lt lt Model gt gt 0 5 Reference lt lt Reference gt gt os Atom lt lt Atom gt gt 8 1 2 4 1 How to specify containment of a Reference in a Model 1 Connect the Reference to the Model 60
144. esizability in place text editing vector shapes shape shadows and gradient fills e With the use of the DecoratorUtil it is part of the DecoratorLib it is easier to access preferences and attributes of the mga objects e DecoratorUtil also provides cached pen brush and font object to make the drawing operations resource aware e DecoratorUtil also make text drawing and measurement and other graphical operations easier Using the DecoratorLib library requires from you the following in you Visual Studio project e Visual Studio 2008 is the supported IDE e Add DecoratorLib vcproj project located in the SDK into your Solution and set it as a dependency prerequisite for your Decorator project e Also link gdiplus 1ib into your project It is recommended to use the Decorator Wizard to start the development If you start from scratch for some reason you can start your project based on the NewS ample sample decorator or one of the existing decorators which are part of the GME source code MgaDecorators UML decorator source can be found in the SDK also or Meta decorator The new class library hierarchy is based on the Part Interface C interface which is higher level and much nicer than the plain COM interface level There s a complete class hierarchy where the root class is the PartBase You can use CompositePart and other Parts as building blocks to relatively easily add rich functionality to your decorator Some typical building block
145. esolving a text which looks like an identifier 1 Check whether a type exists whose name is lt id gt If there is such a type resolution is stopped 2 Check whether there is a variable called lt id gt If there is such a variable resolution is stopped 130 GME Manual and User Guide 3 Check whether an implicit object implicit variable has features which can look like lt id gt e If an implicit object has exactly one feature then resolution is stopped e If the object has more features then resolution is stopped and an exception is thrown because of ambiguity caused by features with the same names 4 Resolution ends and an exception is thrown because lt id gt cannot be resolved Resolving a text which looks like a function 1 Check whether there is a function matching lt function gt If there is such a function resolution is stopped 2 Check whether an implicit object implicit variable has features which can look like lt function gt e If an implicit object has exactly one feature then resolution is stopped e If the object has more features then resolution is stopped and an exception is thrown because of ambiguity caused by features with the same signatures 3 Resolution ends and an exception is thrown because lt funct ion gt cannot be resolved 4 Resolving an expression which looks like an attribute call 1 Check whether the object has an attribute called lt att ribute gt 2 Check wheth
146. f sf sample mga terr project CreateTerritory None None None project BeginTransaction terr mf project RootFolder ChildObject MainFolder mf Name main_folder mf ChildFCO MainCompound Name main_compound project CommitTransaction gme CloseProject 1 In the code snipped above a sample SF model is opened the Folder named MainFolder and the Compound named MainCompound are renamed Operations accessing the objects inside a project are enclosed in a transaction In case the transaction commit fails Abort Transaction must be used Beware that during a user initiated transaction another transaction should not be started This means that during scripting if a transaction has begun user interface operations like selection of an object in the View or ActiveBrowser with the mouse pointer must be suspended by the user until the transaction is committed or aborted The it variable represents the currently active model window It is accessible only while a project is opened and at least one model window is opened Should the active model window be closed the variable will automatically refer to the newly selected active window if any The it object implements the IGMEOLEIt interface defined in Gme id1 The main benefit of using this object is the ease of use of MGA related operations on a higher level than that offered by the IMgaObject IMgaFCO and IMgaFolder interfaces see Mga id1 and it allows th
147. fco into a set FCO e On exclude from set The user excludes the fco from a set FCO The higher priority an invariant has the earlier it will be evaluated The highest priority 1 has special meaning When an object violates an invariant with priority 1 a critical violation occurs If a constraint was performed by an event the changes will be aborted This prevents a model instance of the paradigm form having an inconsistent state For lower priorities the user decides whether the modification may be committed or aborted The default value is 2 When a modification is made and it generates an event a constraint may be evaluated even if the constraint is not attached to the kind whose instance generated the event This condition depends on the value of the Depth attribute This attribute applies only to Models only e U the constraint will be evaluated if and only if the context s object receives events specified by the events attributes 108 GME Manual and User Guide 10 1 3 3 e 1 the constraint will be evaluated if the context s object and or its immediate children receive events specified by the events attributes This is the default value e any the constraint will be evaluated if the context s object and or any of its descendants receive events specified by the events attributes Constraint Definitions In the former version of the Constraint Manager only Constraint Functions could be
148. flowConnLinks std set lt DataflowConn gt getOutDataflowConnLinks BUP bool isMyParentPrimitive std string className return Signal EUP T Furthermore all FCOs which have attributes will have special get methods generated with corresponding return types to their specification in case of EnumAtt ribute an enumeration type definition will be generated based on the items declared in the Menu items field 9 5 2 Ordering The classes are generated into the header file based on the following principles groups are formed for classes which have a inheritance relationship among them The groups are ordered based on how many model kinds they contain in descending order Such a group is dumped in top down order based on inheritance The methods inside a class are categorized as attribute connection get methods and role get methods for models set member get methods for set The BUP and EUP standing for begin user part end user part comments are intended to provide a space where the user may add her own methods and members If the user decides to regenerate the skeleton i e the paradigm changes she won t have to insert once again her own method and member definitions into the skeleton class definitions The BON Extender interpreter will parse for these special comments inside class definitions and it will insert the user defined part into the new generated header file T
149. g example BON Model child Let s assume child is valid BON Object parent child gt getParent if parent AfxMessageBox This is always valid BON Model model object if model AfxMessageBox The parent is a model if BON Folder object AfxMessageBox The parent is a folder These facilities are implemented in the wrapper classes For details see the Appendix about BON invocations and classes 9 3 3 Objects Lifecycle in Components The user does not have to deal with the construction and destruction of BON objects However it is good to know how it is implemented and what the guidelines are A BON object is always created the first time the user obtains a reference to a COM entity In most cases an instance of a BON implementation class is assigned to the appropriate COM object and the BON object is cached More than one BON object may be assigned to the same COM object The wrappers have the responsibility to decide when a BON object must be erased from the cache 87 GME Manual and User Guide The time of disposal of objects depends on two essential factors e the component s type e the number of references to a BON implementation object Note The whole meta object network all MON objects is created when the component starts to run and it is destructed when the component accomplishes its task 9 3 3 1 Objects in Add ons and in Interpreters The time w
150. hat part or model is deleted Also remember that parts can only be deleted after all references to them have already been deleted 4 8 1 2 Add Connection Mode This mode allows connections to be made between modeling objects Connections may exist between two atomic parts between two model ports think of these as connection points on models or between an atomic part and a model port Remember however that connections are a paradigm specific notion and will only be allowed between objects specified by the paradigm definition file as being allowed to be connected together 26 GME Manual and User Guide Remember that connections are inherently directional in nature Connections are made by first placing the editor in the Add Connection Mode then left clicking the source object followed by left clicking on the destination object It is not necessary to go to this mode to create a connection Instead in Edit mode right clicking on the desired source of a new connection and selecting Connect in the context menu changes the cursor to the connect cursor A connection will be made to the object that is left clicked next Or by selecting the Connect command on the destination object as well Note that any other operation such as mode change window change new object creation cancels the instant connection operation 4 8 1 3 Remove Connection Mode By placing the graphical editor in the Remove Connection Mode connections between obj
151. he primary motivation behind composable metamodeling is to support the reuse of existing metamodels and eventually to create extensive metamodel libraries However this mandates that existing metamodels remain intact in the composition so that changes can propagate to the metamodels where they are used 63 GME Manual and User Guide The above requirement and limitations of UML made it necessary to develop three operators for use in combining metamodels together an equivalence operator an implementation inheritance operator and an interface inheritance operator 8 2 1 1 Equivalence operator The equivalence operator is used to represent the full union between two UML class objects The two classes cease to be two separate classes but form a single class instead Thus the union includes all attributes and associations including generalization specialization and containment of each individual class Equivalence can be thought of as defining the join points or composition points of two or more source metamodels 8 2 1 2 Implementation inheritance operator The semantics of UML specialization i e inheritance are straightforward specialized i e child classes contain all the attributes of the general parent class and can participate in any association the parent can participate in However during metamodel composition there are cases where finer grained control over the inheritance operation is necessary T
152. he dialog displays this information in a tree whose root nodes are the kinds Subnodes of the kinds are types subtypes and instances according to the type inheritance chain Each object and each kind have subnodes representing the constraints Note In the beginning the tree contains special icons instead of checkboxes These icons are for telling the user that there is no information gathered regarding the kinds Selecting them or clicking on the Load All button will cause the information to become available 117 GME Manual and User Guide Checkboxes may have different colors The meaning of the colors are the following e Grey the flag is disabled e Cyan the flag s value is inherited the value is implicit e Black the flag s value is set explicitly not inherited The checkboxes can enable or disable the constraints in different sort of ranges depending on what kind of nodes they are reside before e At kinds enable all constraints for all objects of the kind at the same time not stored e Attypes subtypes or instances enable all constraints for the specific object at the same time not stored e At constraint subnodes of kinds enable the specific constraint for all objects of the specific kind not stored e At constraint subnodes of objects enable the specific constraint for the specific object stored Note It is likely that the user changes a flag for an object e g for a type then th
153. he drop This message corresponds to the DragEnter message of the IDropTarget COM interface see MSDN Other functions of this native Windows interface is DragLeave DragOver and Drop these messages work with each other For a simple example you may take a look at the NewSample decorator code in the SDK Decorator Examples direcotry dropEffect On entry a pointer to the value of the pdwEffect parameter of the DoDragDrop function On return must contain one of the effect flags from the DROPEFFECT enumeration which indicates what the result of the drop operation would be pCOleDataOb ject Pointer to the COleDataObject data object This data object contains the data being transferred in the drag and drop operation If the drop occurs this data object will be incorporated into the target keyState The current state of the keyboard modifier keys on the keyboard Possible values can be a combination of any of the flags MK_CONTROL MK_SHIFT MK_ALT MK_BUTTON MK_LBUTTON MK_MBUTTON and MK_RBUTTON pointx and pointy specifies the x and y coordinate of the cursor These coordinates are always relative to the upper left corner of the model Because the model window can be magnified and it can be scrolled the cursor position to the model window HWND can be different If somebody wants to calculate the relative position to the upper left corner of the window the transformHDC HDC is supplied for that purpose Using this HDC the c
154. he left of the dialog The user can sort the content similarly to the Syntax and Semantic Errors displaying dialog The content of the whole dialog is changing according to the selected item in the list At the right we can track and follow the constraint evaluation on a particular object regarded as the context of the constraint For the time being in this window we can see only those feature calls that returned false or undefined In lots of cases this information is enough to eliminate the unwanted errors or to find out where the problem occurred Selecting one line in the track window the Expression window and the list showing the defined variables are updated according to the context of the track line Note At this time tracking of the execution of Constraint Definitions is not available 10 2 7 Constraints in the model 115 GME Manual and User Guide 10 2 7 1 10 2 7 2 Constraints types As GME had introduced the type inheritance concept it became essential that the user would be able to attach constraints to types and subtypes similarly to kinds In GME the set of the rules expressed by constraints defined in the paradigm may be extended by constraints defined by the modeler These constraints can be associated to types subtypes even instances in a specific way If the modeler set the aim to create a model which will be imported as a library into other models then the constraints defined in the importe
155. he name action of the button e Modebar Buttons for selecting and editing modes e Editing area The main model editing area containing the model editing windows e Partbrowser Shows the parts that can be inserted in the current aspect of the current model e Statusbar The line at the bottom which shows status and error messages current edit mode e g EDIT CONNECT etc zoom factor paradigm name e g SF and current time e Attribute Browser Shows the attributes and preferences of an object GME Manual and User Guide e Model Browser Shows either the aggregation hierarchy of the project the type inheritance hierarchy of a model or a quick overview of the current modeling paradigm These features will be described in detail in later sections 3 2 GME Concepts As mentioned above the GME is a generic programmable tool However all GME configurations are the same on a certain level simply because only the domain specific modeling concepts and model structures have changed Before describing GME operation we briefly describe the domain independent modeling concepts embodied in all GME instances 3 2 1 Defining the Modeling Paradigm To properly model any large complex engineering system a modeler must be able to describe a system s entities attributes and relationships in a clear concise manner The modeling environment must constrain the modeler to create syntactically and semantically correct models w
156. he registry keys and explanation of them can be found in the table below The visualization of annotations is handled by custom decorator COM objects Mga Decorator Annotator which use the very same infrastructure as other custom drawing objects Table 1 Registry Key Description annotations This is the root registry key for annotations annotations lt AnnotationName gt The value of this key is the text of the comment annotations lt AnnotationName gt color This key stores the text color of the comment as a 24 bit hexadecimal number annotations lt AnnotationName gt bgcolor This key stores the background color of the comment as a 24 bit hexadecimal number annotations lt AnnotationName gt font The encoded form of the specified font Win32 LOGFONT structure annotations lt AnnotationName gt aspects The key stores the default position of the annotation annotations lt AnnotationName gt aspects If this key is defined the annotation is visible in all aspects annotations lt AnnotationName gt aspects If defined the annotation is visible in the specific lt AspectName gt aspect If it contains a position code this will be the position of your comment in this aspect 4 7 Managing Paradigms The Register Paradigm item in the Tools menu displays a dialog box where the user can add or modify paradigms This dialog box is also displayed as the first step of the New Project command see below
157. he skeleton code The following modifications have to be made e Give anew value to TYPELIB_UUID a new ID can be generated by the guidgen tool found in Visual Studio e Give anew value to TYPELIB_NAME at least replace the string between the parenthesis e Give anew value to COCLASS_UUID a new ID can be generated by the guidgen tool found in Visual Studio e Give anew value to COCLASS_NAME at least replace the string between the parenthesis e Give anew value to COCLASS_PROGID at least replace the last tag of the string e Give anew value to DECORATOR_NAME e Set GME_INTERFACES_BASE to point to the interfaces directory of your GME source code or GME installation if you don t have source code You have to make these modifications only once When you are upgrading your decorator SDK create a backup of your DecoratorConfig h and restore it after the upgrade 7 5 Using the DecoratorLib library The new box decorator GME s default decorator annotator decorator meta decorator and UML decorator all use the DecoratorLib helper library The goals of this library are as follows 56 GME Manual and User Guide s It abstracts the COM interface and provides a higher level C interface e It makes COM object handling easier e It provides several building block classes called decorator parts e With the help of the decorator parts you can get many handy features for free r
158. hen objects are freed differs in the case of add ons and interpreters plug ins are regarded here as paradigm independent interpreters The difference is based on the typical process of the components As we mentioned above BON objects are created if and only if they are required to be constructed i e the first time COM objects are retrieved in contrast with the previous version of BON where the whole project was mirrored and all BON objects were created at the time of the component initialization When the user writes an interpreter it is likely that she would like to use an object more than once and she would like to eliminate the time consumed by repeated construction and destruction Thus in case of interpreters a BON object is cached remains in the memory until the component finishes running In short if an object is retrieved it will not be disposed even if there are no references to it Add ons associated with a project run and occupy memory the whole time until the project is closed If we followed the previous rule of managing objects the memory would grow while the add on runs Therefore in case of add ons a BON object is immediately destructed after the last direct or indirect reference is released 9 3 3 2 Aggregated Reference counting As we mentioned earlier wrapper classes are smart pointers they manage the references to an object and dispose a BON implementation instance if the last reference is released If you extend
159. here are no syntax errors then semantic errors are shown red icons 112 GME Manual and User Guide Figure 49 Semantic errors in a Constraint Definition called WrongConstraint WrongConstraint Constraint Syntax and Semantic Errors Errors description The following Constraints and ConstraintDefinitions have errors These Constraints and ConstraintD efinitions cannot be used and evaluated Type Context Name e FCO WrongConstraint Line Expression 1 context FCO iny WrongConstraint 2 3 let value self wrong_name in 4 self 5 string Code Ln W108 7 Fio W104 4 Message Attribute meta FCO wrong_name does not exist Association meta FCO wrong_name does not exist Operator operator L meta FCO ock Integer does not exist Close After interpreting a paradigm when a user tries to use the interpreted meta model create or open a model all constraints and definitions are examined If errors exist the appropriate constraints definitions will be disabled and cannot be used Constraints depending on a failed Definition are not available as well 10 2 4 Evaluating the constraints During modeling time the well formed and valid constraints are used to maintain the model s consistency Constraints can be evaluated in several ways These are the following 1 Event based constraints are evaluated if the appropriate event i e the event that triggers the constra
160. herefore we have introduced two types of inheritance operations between class objects implementation inheritance and interface inheritance In implementation inheritance the subclass inherits all of the base class attributes but only those containment associations where the base class functions as the container No other associations are inherited Implementation inheritance is represented graphically by a UML inheritance icon containing a solid black dot This can be seen in the left hand side diagram in the figure below where implementation inheritance is used to derive class X1 from class B1 In this case X1 the association allowing objects of type C1 to be contained in objects of type B1 In other words X1 type objects can contain C1 type objects Because B1 type objects can contain other B1 type objects X1 type objects can contain objects of type B1 but not of type X1 Note that D1 type objects can contain objects of type B1 but not objects of type X1 8 2 1 3 Interface inheritance operator The right side of the figure shows interface inheritance between B2 and X2 the unfilled circle inside the inheritance icon denotes interface inheritance Interface inheritance allows no attribute inheritance but does allow full association inheritance with one exception containment associations where the base class functions as the container are not inherited Therefore in this example X2 type objects can be contained in objects of type D2 a
161. hild FCO This creates the child class 8 1 8 Aspect This set defines the visualization that the Models in the destination paradigm will use Models may contain Aspects through the Has Aspect connection kind This is visualized using the traditional UML composition relation using a filled diamond FCOs that need to be shown in the an aspect must be made members of the given Aspect set GME supports aspect mapping providing precise control over what aspect of a model is shown in an aspect of the containing model This is advanced rarely used usually feature is typically applied in case a container and a contained models have disjoint aspect sets Specifying aspect mapping would be to cumbersome in a UML like graphical language The metamodeling interpreter allows specifying this information in a dialog box described in detail later 8 2 Composing Metamodels The composable metamodeling environment released with GME v1 1 supports metamodel composition First it supports multiple paradigm sheets Unlike most UML editors where boxes representing classes are tied together by name GME uses references They are called proxies Any UML class atom can have multiple proxies referring to it These references are visualized by a curved arrow inside the regular UML class icon The atom and all its proxies represent the same UML class 8 2 1 Operators In addition to improving the usability of the environment and the readability of the metamodels t
162. hile affording the modeler the flexibility and freedom to describe a system in sufficient detail to allow meaningful analysis of the models Issues such as what is to be modeled how the modeling is to be done and what types of analyses are to be performed on the constructed models must be formalized before any system is built Such design choices are represented by the modeling paradigm Therefore creating the modeling paradigm is the first and most important step in creating a DSME A modeling paradigm is defined by the kind of models that can be built using it how they are organized what information is stored in them etc When GME is tailored for a particular application domain the modeling paradigm is determined and the tool is configured accordingly Typically the end users do not change these paradigm definitions and they are fixed for a particular instance of GME of course they may change as the design environment evolves Examples of modeling paradigms are as follows e Paradigms for modeling signal flow graphs and hardware architecture for high performance signal processing domains e Paradigms for process models and equipment models used in chemical engineering domains e Paradigms for modeling the functionality and physical components of fault modeling domains e Paradigms that describe other paradigms These are referred to as meta paradigms and are used to create metamodels These metamodels are then used to automatically g
163. his header file contains two global BUP EUP pairs which are intended to give a place for the user s class definitions if any These global comments have to start on the first character of the line The BUP EUP comments inside a class are not limited such way These special comments are inserted only in the generated header file 9 5 3 Limited extension It can happen that the user doesn t intend to work with all classes generated for a paradigm i e the hardware definition part may be insignificant for implementer since her interpreter is concentrating on the dataflow part The Select classes to extend dialog that appears during generation is intended for such cases It lists all the classes which will be generated by default If an object kind is selected for extension then its ancestors are selected too and if it is deselected then its descendants are deselected too If you want to limit the set of generated classes then it is recommended to select no for each root object staying on top of the inheritance hierarchy in the domains you don t want to deal with There is another way of using this feature if you would like to extend the classes only to some extent not all classes down the inheritance hierarchy you may like to handle some derived classes together i e 101 GME Manual and User Guide you want to handle Input Signals and OutputSignals together as Signal In such cases you can select the base class Signa
164. hy The concept can be explained as follows models represent the world on different levels of abstraction A model that contains other models represents something on a higher level of abstraction since many details are not visible A model that does not contain other models represents something on a lower level of abstraction This hierarchical organization helps in managing complexity by allowing the modeler to present a larger part of the system albeit with less detail by using a higher level of abstraction At a lower level of abstraction more detail can be presented but less of the system can be viewed at one time Examples where hierarchy is useful are as follows e Hierarchical dataflow diagrams in a signal processing paradigm 10 GME Manual and User Guide e Process model hierarchy in a chemical engineering paradigm e Hierarchically organized networks of processors in a paradigm describing multiprocessors Figure 3 Compound model SuperGen containing several Generator models SF SFDemo1 File Edit View Tools Window Help Oa at ea ee ee Se IO A L SuperGen SFDemo1 Folder System PostProcessing X l T Name SuperGen T Compound Aspect SignalFlowAspe Base N A Zoom 100 n GeneratorA n GeneratorB In GeneratorC al a a wb 4 ZI lt 4 a a K x K K 3 2 5 References References are parts that are similar in concept to pointer
165. ial graphics for shapes like inheritance triangle same relationship diamond connection bullets constraint signs boxes Vectorial shapes and certain boxes can have shadows gradient fills rounded corners All of these properties can be defined in meta models and can be adjusted in the Attribute Browser e In place editing of labels and other text elements like UML class attributes or meta object attributes 41 GME Manual and User Guide 6 Libraries GME supports model libraries an important mechanism for reusing design artifacts Libraries are ordinary GME projects indeed every GME project including the ones that import libraries themselves can be imported in a project as a library The only prerequisite is that both the library and the target project are based on the same version of the same paradigm When a library is imported it is copied into the target project as a whole so that the root folder of the library becomes an ordinary non root folder in the target The copy is indicated with a special flag that dictates read only access to this part of the target project The primary way of using libraries is to create subtypes and instances from the library objects It is also possible to refer to library objects through references Apart from being read only objects imported through the library are equivalent to objects created from scratch Library objects can easily be recognized in the tree browser The librar
166. if the changes in the paradigm make the model invalid In such a situation the paradigm should be temporarily reverted to support the existing model edited to eliminate the inconsistencies and then reopened with the final version of the paradigm 4 7 1 New Project Selecting the New Project item in the File menu displays the dialog box described in the previous section All the features mentioned are available plus an additional button Create New which is used to proceed with the creation of a new project Once the desired paradigm is selected pressing the OK button displays another small dialog where the user can specify whether to store the new project in MS Repository or a binary file Pressing OK creates and opens a new blank project At this point the only object available in the project is the root folder shown in the Model Browser Using the context menu right clicking the Project Name the user can add folders and other objects as defined in the paradigm Double clicking a model opens it up in a new Editor window 4 8 Editor Operations Using the Editor window the user can edit the models graphically Menus and editing operations are context sensitive preventing illegal model construction operations Note however that even a syntactically correct model can be invalid semantically This section gives a brief overview of common editor operations such as changing editing modes creating and destroying models placing parts e
167. ilt into the previous one Correspondent files are MON h BONImp1l h Example BON FCOImpl Wrapper layer 2 layer The top most layer consists of the wrappers which handle the object references and provides a pointer like interface When a user uses BON2 she always has to deal with these classes Correspondent files are MON h BON h Example BON FCO wrapper class 9 3 2 Wrapper Classes The wrappers are created in order to make interpreter writing easier First of all wrappers should be considered as special pointers i e smart pointers which hold a pointer to a real object If all direct or indirect references to the real object are released the object is disposed of 86 GME Manual and User Guide automatically It is recommended to use this automatic mechanism instead of a manual garbage collection scheme BON wrapper classes use the operator gt to access functionality in contrast to MON wrappers which use the simple operator Here is an example BON FCO fco Here is an fco fco isPort This would result a compiler error because the wrapper does not have this operation fco gt isPort The operator gt dereferences a BON FCOImpl pointer MON FCO metafco fco gt getFCOMeta obtain the definition of the FCO std string strKindName metafco name get the name of the meta the kindname of the object Important Although advanced programmers may get the pointer of
168. inequality means that the objects IDs are different 3 1 3 Attributes gme Object name ocl String Returns the name of the object gme Object kindName ocl String Returns the name of the kind of the object gme Object metaKindName ocl String Returns the name of the meta kind of the object 3 1 4 Methods gme Object name ocl String D This method has the same functionality as the gme Object name attribute gme Object kindName ocl String D This method has the same functionality as the gme Object kindName attribute gme Object parent gme Object Returns the parent of the object The result can be an object whose dynamic meta kind is either gme Folder or gme Model Returns nu11 if the object is the root folder of the project gme Object isNull ocl Boolean 146 GME Manual and User Guide Returns t rue if the object is null In GME nu11 is differs from undefined gme Object isFCO ocl Boolean Returns true if the meta kind of the object is gme FCO or any descendant meta kinds gme Object isFolder ocl Boolean Returns true if the meta kind of the object is gme Folder 3 2 gme Folder The meta kind gme Folder represents a folder A folder may contain objects which have meta kind gme Object 3 2 1 Aliases Super Meta Kind This meta kind can also be accessed as Folder Its super meta kind is gme Object 3 2 2 Metho
169. ing operation The coordinates specify the actual location of the window HRESULT WindowMovingFinished in LONG nFlags in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom The decorator tells GME that a window moving operation is finished The coordinates specify the actual location of the window This should be the last message because this will issue the transaction commit command The WindowMoved message must precede it HRESULT WindowMoved in LONG nFlags in LONG x in LONG y The decorator tells GME that the new location of the window is finalized and the transaction can be opened The x and y parameters are the delta values compared to the previous location of the window The decorator must call WindowMoved function before modifying the mga object The decorator also must call the WindowMovingFinished function after that in order to have the transaction committed by GME 54 GME Manual and User Guide HRESULT WindowResizingStarted in LONG nFlags in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom The decorator tells GME that a window resizing operation is started The coordinates specify the operation s the window area Note that currently none of the GME s bundled decorators default box decorator UML decorator meta decorator use this feature nFlag came from a GME message see MouseLeftButtonDown above for example and can be forwarded back to GME for completeness but currently
170. ing Case Sensitive check box in Search Options If whole word matching is desired Match Whole Word Only can also be checked Search Results The search results will be displayed in the list box beneath the search criteria The result will show the object s name along with its type and path You can double click on a specific object to view it in the Model Editor Search History Whenever you search for something it s likely that you may need to search for the same thing again after some time Your searches are kept in the Previous Searches tree control You can double click the entry in the tree control to bring it back to the search criteria input boxes The search history will also be saved in the registry to preserve your searches across GME sessions Also the input combo box controls in the search criteria will contain the search history of that field 4 13 Scripting in GME In the bottom part of the console window the user can type in her instructions programs The user preferred scripting language can be set in the Tools Settings menu The default scripting engine is JScript however in this document Python script samples will be used Python AXScript 2 Figure 23 Script Engine selection Scripting Current script engine XML VBScript VBScript Encode JScript JScript Encode SignedJavaS cript SignedVBScript The scripting feature enables the user to automate several operations in the GME world These may inclu
171. int is performed on the objects These constraints may be evaluated even if they are not associated with the object which received the event see Depth attribute of Invariant 2 All existing constraints defined by either a library the model or the paradigm can be evaluated on demand executing the Tools Check Constraints Check All command 3 All constraints associated to the active and opened Model or associated to its immediate and indirect children can be evaluated on demand executing the Tools Check Constraints Check command Examining the children may be excluded at the Constraint Browser dialog s Settings page 4 A specific constraint can be evaluated for all objects to which it applies at the Constraint Browser dialog s Constraints page 5 For a specific object all constraints can be evaluated at the Constraint Browser dialog s Kinds and Types page or executing the Constraint Check command of the context menu of the Model Browser Note Before interpreting a model it is highly recommended that the user execute the Check All command because it is likely that the paradigm or a library contains pure on demand constraints which are evaluated only if the user would like to 10 2 5 Altering the evaluation process In GME the user may change some settings to alter the evaluation process This can be done by opening the Constraint Manager s main dialog Tools Display Constraints and by clicking on the Settings page
172. interpreters because they share a territory in contrast to the interpreters which own their territory exclusively Since the namespace an add on sets on the Territory might be overwritten by the second add on it is required to set the preferred namespace on every entry point into the add on library In case of interpreters it is generally enough to set the namespace at the InvokeEx s first line In case of add ons and decorators all exposed methods which can be called through the COM interface need to do this BON2 components based on BonExtender generated code require one additional modification because of the special IMPLEMENT_BONEXTENSION macros which contain global variable definitions holding kindname strings which can t be affected by the territory s actual namespace setting because their initialization is made when the d11 is loaded To find the kindnames these macros refer to in a composite paradigm environment developers must define NAMESPACE_PREF in the ComponentConfig h file to the string that will be used to prefix the kind name strings used in the IMPLEMENT_BONEXTENSION macros 6 2 3 Defining constraints in a composed metamodel If namespaces are defined for the library and the host project then the constraints in the host project need to be written in fully qualified form However the constraints defined in libraries may remain untouched use terms of the sub paradigm
173. ionPoint cp2 gme ConnectionPoint ocl Boolean The first operator returns true if cp1 and cp2 have the same role are attached to the same fco and are connection points of the same connection If at least one of these conditions is not satisfied it returns false The second operator returns t rue if at least one of these conditions is not satisfied Attributes gme ConnectionPoint cpRoleName ocl String Returns the role of the connection point Methods gme ConnectionPoint cpRoleName ocl String D This method has the same functionality as the gme ConnectionPoint cpRoleName attribute gme ConnectionPoint target gme FCO Returns the fco to which this connection point is attached gme ConnectionPoint owner gme Connection Returns the connection that has this connection point gme ConnectionPoint peer gme ConnectionPoint If the connection point is owned by a binary connection then it returns the other connection point of the connection otherwise it throws an exception and returns undefined gme ConnectionPoint usedReferences ocl Sequence gme FCO Returns a sequence which contains all references used by the connection point The first reference is farthest from the target of the connection point 153 GME Manual and User Guide Glossary Glossary of Terms aspects The parts contained within a GME model are partitioned into viewable groups called aspects Parts m
174. is context sensitive with choices depending on whether or not a paradigm definition file and or project has been loaded and whether there is at least one Model Editor window open If no Model Editor window is open the following items show New Project Creates a new empty project and allows registering a new modeling paradigm discussed in detail later Open Project Opens an existing project from either a database or a binary file with the mga extension discussed in detail later Close Project Saves and closes the currently open project if any Save Project Saves the current project to disk Save Project As Saves the current project with a new name Abort Project Aborts all the changes made since last save and closes project Export XML GME uses XML with a specific DTD as a export import file format This command saves the current project in XML format Import XML Loads a previously exported XML project file Note that the file must conform to the DTD specifications in the mga dtd file If no paradigm is loaded GME tries to locate and load the corresponding paradigm definitions Update through XML Allows updating the current model in case of a paradigm change If the user has a project open in one GME while she modifies the metamodels in another GME and regenerates the paradigm this command allows updating the models by automatically exporting to XML and importing from it Note that any changes that invalidate the existi
175. is feature can be used well for example to test whether the value of a string attribute has a special format or not e ocl Collection theOnly This method exists because of backward compatibility but it is not deprecated It returns the sole element of a compound object If the collection either contains more than one element or is empty undefined is returned 10 1 2 4 Multiplicity In the interpreted meta model the multiplicity of containments membership of sets and association ends is omitted and lost The cardinality is forced by constraints generated by the Meta Interpreter The consequence is that all features that have multiplicity i e the features mentioned above return ocl Set In GME there is a method ocl Collection theOnly with which this problem can be solved 10 1 2 5 Enable Disable Constraints This is a special feature of GME with which the user may disable constraints defined in the paradigm This disabling has a limitation constraints which have priority one and are defined in the meta model or included libraries cannot be disabled The user interface allows the user to change this flag by kind type and subtype as well as by instances This flag can be set for objects directly or implicitly i e the value of the flag is inherited taking advantage of type inheritance 10 1 2 6 Constraints at Modeling Time and In Libraries In GME a special inheritance called type inheritance is introduced at
176. itance By using a pair of supplied macros the user can have the component interface instantiate these paradigm specific classes instead of the built in ones The builder object network will have the functionality provided by the general purpose interface extended by the functionality the component writer needs 9 1 2 Component Interface Entry Point The Builder h file in component source package defines the high level C component interface The entry point of the component is defined in the Component h in the appropriate subdirectory of the components directory Here is the file at the start of the component writing process ifndef GME_INTERPRETER_H define GME_INTERPRETER_H include Builder h define NEW_BON_INVOKE define DEPRECATED_BON_INVOKE_IMPLEMENTED class CComponent public 74 GME Manual and User Guide CComponent focusfolder NULL CBuilderFolder focusfolder CBuilderFolderList selectedfolders void InvokeEx CBuilder amp builder CBuilderObject focus CBuilderObjectList amp selected long param void Invoke CBuilder amp builder CBuilderObjectList amp selected long param T endif whole file Before GME version 1 2 this used to be simpler but not as powerful The Invoke function of the CComponent class used to be the entry point of the component When the user initiates interpretation first the builder object network is created then the above function is called The first two p
177. iterl includes ocl Any because type of iterl is ocl Set Box and ocl Set has a method called includes Iterator called exists creates a new implicit variable We refers to that as iterl Former iterl exists in the context of forAll only one is resolved as iterl one ocl Boolean because type of iterii is ocl Set Box and ocl Set has an iterator called U n one one creates a new implicit variable We The resolved iterator called refers to that as iter2 Second includes resolved as iter2 includes Box because iter2 precedes iterl and the type of iter2 is Box size is resolved as iterl size because the type of iter2 Box does not have any feature called size but iterl context Box inv let boxes self elements gt collect iterl elements in boxes gt forAll not includes self and boxes gt exists one includes self or size 0 1 6 2 Expression Resolution In an OCL expression it is likely that a text can be resolved differently depending on the context e g declared implicit variables defined types existing features of types etc The rules of the resolution are described below These differ for different sort of texts and expressions In the description we assume that the paradigm is well formed and valid R
178. l and deselect the derived classes Input Signal OutputSignal When your interpreter executes a base class instance will be generated for each derived object in the model This has consequences for the generated get methods of containers models sets folders if a container is extended Processing and some of its contained objects are not Input Signal then the specific getter get Input Signals which is intended to give back a set of the specific kinds contained will return with these objects cast to the nearest extended ancestor Signals There is a similar mechanism for connections too class ProcessingImpl public BON ModelImpl public std set lt Signal gt getInputSignals T Since FCO as a stereotype objects are extended too and may not be instantiated at modeling time no abstract FCO object is visible some limitations exist which are enforced by the dialog If an object which inherits directly from an FCO is deselected then not only the objects below it but the whole inheritance tree is deselected If an FCO object is selected then not only its ancestors but all of its FCO descendants and their immediate non fco children are selected too In other words the extension selection deselection is limited to non fco sections of the inheritance trees If the user would like to extend some of the classes from the hierarchy below then ModelBase AtomBase and SetBase classes are definitely needed Their descendants may b
179. l but not viewable in any Aspect regardless of the properties of the FCO This is useful if you want to store attributes outside the user s knowledge Default value Checked Contained in EnumAttr BooleanAttr FieldAttr 8 5 Metamodeling Semantics The following table displays the representation of the concepts of GME and how they translate semantically into core MGA concepts 71 GME Manual and User Guide Table 5 First Class Objects FCOs model A class The class is an MGA model atom A class The class is an MGA atom connection A class The class is an MGA connection must be used as an Association Class reference A class The class is an MGA reference set A class The class is an MGA set FCO A class abstract only The class is a base type of another FCO Associations Containment An association with diamond The model contains the between a model and an FCO specified FCO as a part AssociationClass An association between a The connection contains all of connection class and anj the roles that the Association Association Connector models Connection has the connection join ReferTo A directed association between The instances of the reference a reference and a model atom or reference class will refer to the instances of the model reference class atom or Association Classes
180. l concepts implemented by default in the object network When somebody would like to write an interpreter she wants to do it as fast as it is possible she does not want to deal with typical programming issues i e object disposal complexity of COM etc and she would like to face only the domain specific task If an interpreter writer follows the rules discussed in these subsections and she is familiar with GME she has to know almost nothing about C and COM to achieve the goal simply and very fast BON2 defines three layers four layers based on each other e COM layer 0 layer This is the programmable interface of GME the lowest layer which should be absolutely hidden from the user because of its complexity and in the case of interpreters the superfluous knowledge of how to use COM properly Correspondent files are meta idl mga idl Example IMgaFCO COM interface e Implementation layer 1 a layer This layer is the core of BON2 in which all easy to use calls using MON are translated into COM operations This is the place where BON objects are cached and where the basics of BON2 extensions are implemented Correspondent files are MONImpl h BONImpl h Example BON FCOImpl implementation class Interface layer 1 b layer This consists of the classes and operations which are exported to the user i e they have public visibility These are discussed in the Appendix concerning MON and BON Currently this layer is bu
181. least one of the search criteria Xor Matching objects must satisfy exactly one of the search criteria Regular Expressions The Name Role Kind and Attribute fields can be specified using the regular expressions This section documents the valid input kinds that the Search tool shall accept Note Regular expressions are case sensitive Note Check the Match Whole Word Only if you don t want a Regular Expression based search for the first four fields Syntax of the expressions 66 99 66 99 e Any permutation of characters numbers amp symbols such as that are used are ee Roa R N I N TPs Ra Ep is valid A few special symbols e The regular expression should be well formed i e all the opening brackets should have corresponding closing brackets e Writing GME will mean all the string containing the letters GME will be returned e Writing GME will return all strings containing GM GME GMEE GMEEE and so on e Writing GME is the same as GME except it doesn t match GM e Writing GME is the same as GME Note For more information on regular expressions see http www regular expressions info http www regular expressions info Search Scope Search can have one of two scopes indicated by Search In Option Entire Scope is the default selection which means all the model hierarchy is searched starting from the root folder Selection of Current
182. lopers have information to analyze the crash and discover the bug more easily The file has a dmp extension and named after the precise date and time GMT of the crash event and the process Id and thread Id of GME This should result in a unique name of the form GME_CrashDump yyyy mm dd_ hh mm ss _pid_tid dmp for example GME_CrashDump 2009 10 01_ 16 09 56 _3180_4828 dmp 32 GME Manual and User Guide In case of a crash event GME first presents a dialog about the crashdump After that another dialog is presented about the project emergency save Because parts of memory can contain classified information there s a choice to not generate the CrashDump This security reason is the only one why we don t automatically save a report and collect them on a central server at ISIS If the report is generated it will reside on the user s machine and it s up to the user to send it to the developers It can be found OSDir Documents and Settings UserName Application Data GME folder on Windows XP or OSDir Users UserName A ppData Roaming GME folder on Windows Vista or Windows 7 Please open the folder and attach the file to the e mail to the mentioned e mail address see next paragraph or the crashdump dialog Figure 19 Crashdump dialog GME encountered an error Do you want to generate a crash dump file GME is able to generate a crash dump Microsoft MiniDump report file about this particular crash issue Developers can use
183. ls capture various aspects of a domain specific system s desired structure and behavior Model interpreters are used to perform the computational transformations necessary to synthesize executable code for use in the system s execution environment often in conjunction with code libraries and some form of middleware e g CORBA the MultiGraph kernel POSIX or to supply input data streams for use by various GOTS COTS or custom software packages e g spreadsheets simulation engines When changes in the overall system require new application programs the models are updated to reflect these changes the interpretation process is repeated and the applications and data streams are automatically regenerated from the models Once a modeling paradigm has been established the MIPS environment itself can be built A MIPS environment consists of three main components 1 a domain aware model builder used to create and modify models of domain specific systems 2 the models themselves and 3 one or more model interpreters used to extract and translate semantic knowledge from the models 2 2 The MultiGraph Architecture The MultiGraph Architecture MGA is a toolset for creating MIPS environments As mentioned earlier MIPS environments provide a means for evolving domain specific applications through the modification of models and re synthesis of applications We now discuss the creation of a MIPS environment 2 2 1 The Modeling Paradigm The
184. lso in the same directory which has the name of the paradigm appended by the Visitor and BonExt log strings respectively We will discuss in detail the content of the class extensions header file 9 5 1 Naming convention used Plain names are used for FCOs and Folders Attributes These names are usually valid identifiers for C compilers However in the case of EnumAttributes the enumerated items will be encapsulated by a C enumeration type These fields may be defined without many restrictions during meta modeling so a name validation takes place converting non alphanumeric characters to underscores If the enumeration value starts with a digit a leading underscore will be inserted In order to avoid name conflicts e g in case default name is used a Connection kind may be named Connection the specialized classes will be part of a namespace generated based on the validated paradigm name 99 GME Manual and User Guide Below are some examples generated based on the SF paradigm Processing and Compound are model kinds in this paradigm namespace SF_BON DECLARE_ABSTRACT_BONEXTENSION Model ProcessingImpl Processing DECLARE_BONEXTENSION Processing CompoundImpl Compound class ProcessingImpl public Model tmp public std set lt InputSignals gt getInputSignals std set lt OutputSignals gt getOutputSignals std set lt Signals gt gets 7 class CompoundImpl public ProcessingImpl
185. mmediately More precisely changes to toggle buttons combo boxes i e menus and color pickers are immediate Changes to single line edit boxes are updated when either Enter is hit on the keyboard or the edit box loses the input focus i e you click outside the box The only difference for multiline edit boxes is that they use the Enter key for new line insertion so hitting it does not update the value The object selection for the attribute browser works as follows The context menu access to Attributes Preferences and the Model Browser works Furthermore simply selecting an object or inserting dropping or pasting it selects that object for the Attribute browser If more then one object is selected in the Model Browser or in the Model Editor the attribute browser will allow only the common attributes of these objects At the top of the dialog there are three tabs one for the attributes one for the preferences and another for the properties Note that the Attribute Browser window just like the Model Browser window is dockable it can float as an independent window or it can be docked to any side of the GME Main window 15 GME Manual and User Guide 4 4 The Model Browser As mentioned earlier the GME is a configurable graphical editing environment It is configured to work within a particular modeling paradigm via a paradigm definition file Paradigm definition files are XML files that use a particular GME specific Do
186. modeling time To learn about more this feature see chapter Type Inheritance This solution raises a question about how to specify constraints whose context is a type a subtype or a sole instance The answer is the user defined constraint which does not differ from the constraint defined at meta modeling time meta defined constraint except that the user defined constraints are stored in the registry of the model rather than in the paradigm Although the context of user defined constraints can only be a kind with constraint disabling this context can be tightened into specific types or even instances As an expert GME user knows libraries can be defined and attached to a designated folder i e to the RootFolder A library will be a read only part of the model therefore all user defined constraints are fixed and cannot be changed This allows the user to create libraries that force additional well formedness or validity as well 106 GME Manual and User Guide 10 1 3 10 1 3 1 10 1 3 2 Types and Constraints Expressions In GME all types of available constraints equation of a constraint or a constraint definition contain another predefined variable called project in addition to self Through project the user can obtain all instances of a kind and attach constraint definitions to them The instances should be associated with the paradigm itself rather than with the particular kind of the paradigm Type Resoluti
187. n to the Connection Then the value of that Attribute will be displayed in the first position at the end of the source of the connection Contained in Connection 2nd source label String value that gives the name of the Attribute class to be displayed there The Attribute should also belong through aggregation to the Connection Then the value of that Attribute will be displayed in the second position at the end of the source of the connection Contained in Connection Ist destination label String value that gives the name of the Attribute class to be displayed there The Attribute should also belong through aggregation to the Connection Then the value of that Attribute will be displayed in the first position at the end of the destination of the connection Contained in Connection 2st destination label String value that gives the name of the Attribute class to be displayed there The Attribute should also belong through aggregation to the Connection Then the value of that Attribute will be displayed in the second position at the end of the destination of the connection Contained in Connection Abstract Boolean checkbox that determines whether or not the FCO in question will actually be generated in the output paradigm If the checkbox is checked then no object will be created but all properties of the FCO will be passed down to its inherited children if any Default value Unchecked Contained in
188. n Cool Car to V6 in Car Both of these are instances but there is a dependency between the two objects If we modify V6 in Car V6 in Cool Car should also be modified automatically for the same reason if we don t modify Cool Car it should always look like Car itself The same logic applies if we create an instance of Cool Car My Car above It introduces a dependency among others between V6 in My Car and V6 in Cool Car As the figure shows this forms a dependency chain from V6 in My Car through V6 in Cool car and V6 in Car all the way to the Engine type model What happens if we modify V6 in Cool Car by changing an attribute Should an attribute change in V6 in Car propagate down to V6 in Cool Car and below No that attribute has been overridden and the 39 GME Manual and User Guide dependency chain broken with respect to that attribute However if the same attribute is changed in V6 in Cool Car that should propagate down to V6 in My Car unless it has already been overridden there The same logic applies to preferences The figure below shows the same set of models but only from the pure type inheritance perspective Figure 26 Type Inheritance Hierarchy A l E I I I IL IST I V6 V6 V6 V6 Cool Car A Car IT iI ABS My Car SubTypeOf Pa N InstanceOf IST I ABSX ABSi I ABSXj Let s summarize the rules of type inheritance in GME e Parts cannot be
189. n contain a model type AND its instances This relaxed restriction still does not introduce multiple dependency chains 40 GME Manual and User Guide 5 1 Attributes and Preferences The Attributes and the Preferences tabs each show the items either in gray color or in black color Items with gray color have the default or inherited value which means that the value is not given explicitly for this object If the user assigns a new value to an attribute or preference the item will be show in black color An item can be reset to the inherited value by pressing Ctrl D while the item is active 5 1 1 References and Sets As mentioned before references can be redirected with some restrictions and set membership can be changed in subtypes and instances The propagation of settings along the dependency chain is true here too Changing the settings breaks the dependency chain for the given object However the setting can be easily reset by selecting the Reset item in the appropriate context menu 5 1 2 Decorator Enhancements The default decorator is able to display more information about objects regarding the type inheritance The user may turn off or on these information in meta modeling time or modeling time too e On models T S or I is displayed according to the object type information e For instances below the name of the object the name of the type or subtype is shown with small font e The new decorators use vector
190. nDecoratorEvents eventSink in ULONGLONG parentWnd This is your constructor like function Read all the relevant data from the project and cache them for later use it is a better approach than querying the MGA project in your drawing method all the time GME will instantiate a new decorator if its MGA object changes The decorator can signal certain operations to GME with the eventSink interface For example decorator should notify GME that a title editing operation is started and also when the operation is finished parentWnd can be used when the decorator wants to create some dialog window In that case the parent window of the created dialog should be this parent window Currently this is used when creating the in place title editing window If we would use just the desktop window as a parent the application would flicker during the creation and destruction of the dialog You can use the DecoratorUtils helper facility during the initialization of the decorator and also at later time The facility provides easier access to preference and attribute values of an object Besides that it contains font pen brush and bitmap caches There s a Pre ferenceMap class used during initialization to pass various settings preference and attribute values easily among the Decorator Part objects of the Decorator Part hierarchy 47 GME Manual and User Guide HRESULT GetPreferredSize out long sizex out long sizey Your decorator can gi
191. nd B2 but no objects can be contained in X2 type objects not even other X2 type objects The union of implementation inheritance and interface inheritance is the normal UML inheritance It should also be noted that these operators could have been implemented using UML stereotypes However interface and implementation inheritance are semantically much closer to regular inheritance than to associations Therefore the use of association with stereotypes would be misleading Figure 32 Implementation and interface inheritance operators B1 L C1 B2 o C2 lt lt Model gt gt 9 7 lt lt Model gt gt lt lt Model gt gt 0 lt lt Model gt gt 0 7 0 T X2 D2 x1 D1 lt lt Model gt gt lt lt Model gt gt lt lt Model gt gt LA lt lt Model gt gt 64 GME Manual and User Guide 8 2 1 4 Aspect equivalence Since classes representing Aspects show up only in the Visualization aspect another operator is used to express the equivalence of aspects called the SameAspect operator While aspects can have proxies as well they are not sets any more they are references Hence they cannot be used to add additional objects to the aspect In this case a new aspect needs to be created New members can be added to it since it is a set Using the SameAspect operator and typically a proxy of another aspect the
192. nd two children i e two immediate reference ports This relationship might be important for the component implementor if she wants to handle the connections between objects in an advanced way 9 3 9 3 ConnectionEnd and Connection Connections in BON2 are implemented in a different way compared to the previous implementation In both ends of a connection only Connect ionEnds can exist A Connect ionEndcan be an object itself to be more precise an fco or a reference port ReferencePort derives from ConnectionEnd because this concept is not placeable into the set of metakinds and it has a different meaning Let s see the following examples considering the previous figure to understand the described issues the model called Model in the figure BON Model model P2 of Model we omit the acquiring operations BON Atom p2_model Refl refers to Model BON Reference refl model gt getReferredBy PortContainer of the model reference BON ReferencePortContainer rpc_refl refl gt getRefPortContainer Find the ReferencePort referring to P2 BON ReferencePort p2_refl rpc_refl gt getReferencePort p2_model Parent of this ReferencePort is null p2_refl gt getParentPort 96 GME Manual and User Guide 9 3 10 Descendants of P2 of Refl containing P2 of Ref2 Ref3 and Ref4 p2_refl gt getDescendantPorts Children of P2 of Refl containing P2 of Ref2 an
193. ndition which has to return oc Boolean or any of its descendants if they exist e Two expressions with the same return type i e then and else branches If the condition evaluates to t rue then only the first expression will be evaluated otherwise only the second will be evaluated if lt condition gt then lt expression gt else lt expression gt endif e g if mySet gt isEmpty then 0 else mySet gt size endif 1 4 7 lterators Although terator is a special feature defined by ocl Compound meta type it is discussed in this subsection because oc 1 Compound is defined by OCL and not by meta paradigms and because there is a special generic iterator called iterate Only ocl Collection and its descendant types have this feature An iterator can be considered to be a cycle which iterates over the elements of a compound object while it evaluates the expression obtained as an argument for each element and returns a value accumulated during the iteration Iterators may have e A typed expression which will be evaluated for each element mandatory e A return type which is the type of the accumulated object mandatory It is not necessary for this type is to match the type of the argument 124 GME Manual and User Guide e Declarators which are variables that refer to the current element of the iteration process optional e A declaration type which is simply an implicit type ca
194. network It provides access to the model folders and supplies the name of the current project The public interface of the CBuilder class is shown below class CBuilder public CObject public CBuilderFolder GetRootFolder const const CBuilderFolderList GetFolders const CBuilderFolder GetFolder CString amp name const CString GetProjectName const T The CBuilderFolder class provides access to the root models of the given folder It can also be used to create new root models class CBuilderFolder public CObject public const CString amp GetName const const CBuilderModelList GetRootModels const const CBuilderFolderList GetSubFolders const CBuilderModel GetRootModel CString amp name const CBuilderModel CreateNewModel CString kindName T The CBuilderObject is the base class for several other classes It provides a set of common functionality for models atoms references sets and connections Some of the functions need some explanation 76 GME Manual and User Guide The GetAttribute functions return true when their successfully retrieved the value of attribute whose name was supplied in the name argument If the type of the val argument does not match the attribute or the wrong name was provided the function return false For field and page attributes the type matches that of specified in the meta for menus it is a CString and for toggle switches it is a bool The Get xxxAttributeN
195. ng models for example deleting a model kind that has instances in the project will cause this operation to fail However adding new kinds of objects attributes etc or deleting unused concepts will work Exit Closes GME If a Model Editor window is open the following options are available Close Model Closes the current Model Editor window Print Allows the user to print the contents of the currently active Model Editor window It scales the contents to fit on one page Print Setup Standard Windows functionality 19 GME Manual and User Guide Tools e Print to Metafile The Tools menu is also context sensitive If no project is open the following items are available e Register Paradigms Registers a new modeling paradigm discussed in detail later s Options Sets GME specific parameters Currently the only supported options are to set the path where the icon files are located on the current machine and whether GME should remember the state of the docking windows For the paths the user can type in a semicolon separated list of directories the order is significant from left to right or use the add button in the dialog box to add directories one by one utilizing a standard Windows File Dialog box Icon directories can be set for system wide use or for the current user only GME searches first in the user directories followed by the system directories AutoRouter related features are configurable here also The
196. nsaction committed by GME HRESULT GeneralOperationStarted in ULONGLONG operationData The decorator tells GME that some editing operation is started GME will open a transaction as a result of this message If the decorator handles some user defined data to the GME in the parameter it will get it back later when the GeneralOperationFinished is called Decorator can give a pointer to a memory object or just NULL as a data HRESULT GeneralOperationFinished out ULONGLONG operationData The decorator tells GME that the previously started operation is finished GME will commit the opened transaction as a result of this message If the decorator wants to cancel the operation it can call the OperationCanceled function HRESULT WindowMovingStarted in LONG nFlags in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom The decorator tells GME that a window moving operation is started The coordinates specify the operation s the window area Note that currently none of the GME s bundled decorators default box decorator UML decorator meta decorator use this feature nFlag came from a GME message see MouseLeftButtonDown above for example and can be forwarded back to GME for completeness but currently GME doesn t use it HRESULT WindowMoving in LONG nFlags in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom The decorator tells GME that the window position is changed and we are still in the window mov
197. nts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme ConnectionPoint 148 GME Manual and User Guide Returns a set which contains all connection points association ends of the fco If role is specified then the role of the connection point has to match role If kind is specified the kind of connections must be kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Connection then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme FCO attachingConnections role ocl String kind ocl String ocl Set gme Connection D gme FCO attachingConnections role ocl String kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Connection gme FCO attachingConnections kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Connection Returns a set which contains all connections instances of association class that is a link of the fco If role is specified then the role of the connection point in the side of the fco has to match role If kind is specified the kind of the regarded connections must be kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Connection then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme FCO isConnectedTo fco gme FCO role ocl String kind ocl String ocl Boolean D gme FCO isConnectedTo fco gme FCO role ocl String kind ocl Type ocl Boolean gme FCO isConnectedTo fco gme FCO kind ocl Type ocl Boolean Returns t rue if fco i
198. nts and BON ReferencePort also For example to decide whether a connection end is a reference port we can do this in two ways if BON ReferencePort connectionend do something T if connectionend gt isReferencePort do something Type Inheritance in BON2 Type inheritance is special feature introduced in GME This issue is implemented by interface called BON TypeInhObject BON Type and BON Instance These are interfaces and an FCO always implements one of BON Type or BON Instance In order to obtain the type inheritance interface the user has to use the get TypeInhObject of BON FCO After a simple cast the user may obtain the type of the instance or the subtypes of the type After obtaining the type inheritance interfaces the user implicitly holds a reference to the fco itself 97 GME Manual and User Guide Figure 44 Relationships of Attributes Type Inheritance Objects and Registry Nodes Object FCO a a object Teo 1 root 1 1 typeinhObject RegistryNode TypelnhObject a ayo 1 T nard FCORegistryNode Type a Instance baseType ype instances i 0 subtypes ConnectionRegistryNode FCOExRegistryNode FCO 0 7 attributes Attribute ModelRegistryNode a 9 3
199. ods gme Model atomParts role ocl String ocl Set gme Atom gme Model modelParts role ocl String ocl Set gme Model gme Model connectionParts role ocl String ocl Set gme Connection gme Model referenceParts role ocl String ocl Set gme Reference gme Model setParts role ocl String ocl Set gme Set gme Model parts role ocl String ocl Set gme FCO gme Model atomParts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Atom gme Model modelParts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Model gme Model connectionParts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Connection gme Model referenceParts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Reference gme Model setParts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Set gme Model parts kind ocl Type ocl Set gme FCO These methods return a set which contains the immediate children of the model For these methods we can specify a role name which is the containment role of the object as it is contained by the model This role may differ from the role that the user defined in the meta model This is the case 151 GME Manual and User Guide if the role is defined as an abstract kind in the meta model Because the inheritance information is lost the interpreter has to create distinguishable roles for the objects by concatenating the kind and the role If the kind of kind i e the meta kind does no
200. of the sequence If the sequence is empty an exception is thrown and undefined is returned ocl Sequence at pos ocl Integer lt innerType gt Returns the element at the position pos of the sequence If pos is less than 0 or if it is greater than or equal to the size of the sequence an exception is thrown and the result is undefined ocl Sequence insertAt pos ocl Integer any ocl Any ocl Sequence Returns the sequence which contains any at position pos If pos is less than 0 or if it is greater than or equal to the size of the sequence an exception is thrown and the result is undefined ocl Sequence indexOf any ocl Any ocl Integer Returns the first position of the sequence where any is found If there is no element which equals to any then return 1 ocl Sequence subSequence lower ocl Integer upper ocl Integer ocl Sequence Returns the sub sequence of the sequence starting at position lower up to position upper if upper is specified otherwise up to the end of the sequence The first position is 0 Returns undefined and an exception is thrown if lower is less than 0 lower greater than upper or if lower or upper are equal to or greater than the size of the sequence ocl Sequence including any ocl Any ocl Sequence Returns a sequence containing any the position of insertion is indefinite ocl Sequence excluding any ocl Any ocl Sequence Returns a sequence
201. ols Options menu Autorouter group s first checkbox see Figure 12 GME AutoRouting default Just as other settings in this dialog this setting is stored in the Windows registry and it is valid for the current installation of GME and the current user If the model is transferred to another machine the same settings should be applied to the other GME 28 GME Manual and User Guide Figure 12 GME AutoRouting default SINE papas tes User Icon Path System Icon Path PARADIGMDIR Sicons PROJECTDIR icons Multiline Attributes Enable Extemal Text Editor utosave Enable Autosave Save every ry Autorouter Connections keep clear of labels v Use auto routing by default Conn customize horz vert edge snap treshold angle deg 4 000000 Scripting Current script engine XML VBScript VBScript Encode Python AXScript 2 JScript JScript Encode PerlScript SignedJavaS cript B U CE Misc Default zoom value 100 gi Undo queue size Double attribute format 12g E X Navigation History Open model in multiple views Enable Event Logging Mouse Over Object Notify Console Timestamping Edge Smooth mode H igh Quality Mode H Font Smooth mode Anti Alias By default the auto routing is turned off and the model and connection entities don t contain any directive about
202. on In GME namespaces are used to refer to kinds meta kinds predefined OCL types and predefined GME kinds unambiguously If the user does not use namespace than the type resolution is well defined The order of resolution s Look for a kind defined in the paradigm e Look for a meta kind defined by MetaGME e Look for a predefined OCL type Note For example be careful when using ocl Set without namespace because it is first resolved in a meta kind gme Set The following is a list of pre existing namespaces e Predefined OCL types are in the ocl namespace e Predefined meta kinds of GME are in the gme namespace e Kinds defined in the paradigm can be referred to unambiguously using the namespace meta Invariants In GME only invariant constraints can be written although a GME constraint has further properties with which the invariant closes to post condition constraints In standard OCL an invariant constraint is defined if both the type of the context and the equation of the constraint are specified However a constraint is defined completely if the user names the invariants and sets the additional properties values Event special interpretation of A constraint by default can be evaluated on demand If the user messages of OCL 2 0 associates events for a constraint it will be evaluated as well when the context s object receives such kind of events With these properties if at least one is set an invariant
203. on code runs Note The time of the creation of the specific MON may be a couple of seconds depending of the complexity of the paradigm 9 2 2 Basic MON Classes The next figure shows clearly the inheritance chain between the core classes of MON Figure 35 MON classes which have corresponding COM interfaces Project MetaObject RegistryNode Constraint Attribute Aspect Object Containment ContainmentPart Folder FCO I Model Atom Set Connection Reference MetaObject is the base class for all classes whose instances have unique identifier MetaReferenceID This MON class corresponds to the IMgaMetaBase COM interface which has common meta properties identifier mentioned above name string identifier displayed name Among the basic classes there are only three which do not have ancestors e Project corresponds to the IMgaMetaProject which is the root of the object network Because it contains directly or indirectly all metaobjects i e all MON classes have the method project to access the project Project offers methods with which the user can obtain all instances of a specific metakind or a meta relation and he can find the MetaObject correspondent to a MetaReferenceID to the name of a metakind or to name of an Aspect
204. on gt gt Primitive Compound lt lt Model gt gt lt lt Model gt gt Equation self parts gt size gt 0 Firing enum ParameterBase Script field AtLeastOnePart lt lt Atom gt gt Priority field DataType enum Size field S H DataflowConn una lt lt Connection gt gt lt lt Atom gt gt InputParam Param OutputParam lt lt Atom gt gt lt lt Atom gt gt lt lt Atom gt gt Global bool InitValue field InputSignal OutputSignal lt lt Atom gt gt lt lt Atom gt gt a s b vi a lt a 8 L x E x 40 10 2 2 Constraint Definitions Functions In GME the former Constraint Function is improved to comply with Constraint Definitions introduced by OCL 2 0 110 GME Manual and User Guide The two attributes of a Constraint Function called Parameter list and Definition are retained and have the same syntax and functionality The expression of the Definition can already return any type not only oc1 Boolean but it must be the same or a descendant of the type specified in the Return type attribute This attribute can hold only simple and not compound types For example ocl Set gme FCO cannot be written only ocl Set is valid In order to facilitate the call of a Definition which
205. on to Atoms a Reference to an Atom may also be used as an endpoint of the Connection Note that Connection is also usable as an endpoint but there is currently no visualization for this concept 1 Drag in a Connector Atom the name of the Connector was deleted in the example figure 2 Connect the source Atom to the Connector 3 Connect the Connector to the destination Atom 4 Connect the Connector to the Connection Resolve the Connection type to AssociationClass The rolenames of the connections src and dst denote which of the Atoms may participate as the source or destination of the connection There may be only one source and one destination connection to the Connector Atom Inheritance is a useful method to increase the number of sources and destinations since all child classes will also be sources and destinations Currently all possible FCO source destination combinations will be used in the production of the metamodel However in future revisions of the metamodeling environment the list of allowable 61 GME Manual and User Guide connections may be modified at model building time to eliminate certain possibilities from ever occurring 8 1 4 Set The Set is a more general case of the Reference Sets have the Jcon name and Name Position attributes The members of the Set are owned by the Set through the SetMembership connection kind when connecting the Reference to the Set the u
206. onstraints in GME seep reene eee ceee cece cee E cece cena een E N EE E RN 109 ASOGCL and GME 35 035 2oceh dos ass dence dios Somnde fo Saateobwsuness dy nedaushh E da Suess peewee st oh wedtees E ea Senaes 118 TS OCE Lan guage sc sessed tid eae ete Sivas ede deans AEE es ues nah ch va dshasa eal ede osha aes 119 1 1 Type Conlormance o e i acs ont been sews ce agebasengs eed otnasbanwengweasanaeosieenteetaedageees 119 1 2 Context of a Constraint osen ketal ed AS tv eed 119 1 3 Types of Constraints Expressions see eee 120 1 4 Common OCL Expressions rrise Rd 2 Oad eR R Gh as deed eae eos 121 1 5 Type Related Expressions sssrinds aeee ra E dean EEE SEER a STES 125 T6 Resolution Rules in ado ienen tod a E EE E E E RA EAO 129 2 Predefined OCL Types on ea n E a e a E E ET E AS NERS 133 QO CD LT 133 ST SEEING naaa a a TT 134 23 Cek Enumeration saae aT A E E alee seed eee 135 24 OCU BOOLEAN A EE E TE E EEE A Ea 135 QO OCLs REAL aa a e E a a a EE eee Lg ees 136 POOGEN TNES GSE grinen TTT 138 ZTC EYDES eniin nN AERE NE KEEN T EE EE AENA RUE AE ASE 139 28r e R E TH 139 ZO OST 3S SSE isd eases ov ess dee deveia devs eeeeueeate dak eas ea E 141 GME Manual and User Guide DAOMOEE SY ET Ke dacesvand deer EE E E E AE E E AE E EE 142 R eetis segase e e E E E a E E S NA TET EE i 143 3 GME Kinds and Meta Ki ds yasina ndn E E AE ee AE a Eea 146 SM T eT A A NEE E E E E N E TEA 146 SD omes e RH 147 3 3 GMs S
207. oordinates can be transformed If there are more decorators below or close to the cursor GME forwards the message until the event is not handled by one of them If none of the decorators treat the message then GME s event handler code will take effect HRESULT DragOver out ULONG dropEffect in ULONGLONG pCOleDataObject in ULONG keyState in LONG pointx in LONG pointy in HDC transformHDC GME sends calls that function on the decorator in order to be able to provide target feedback to the user and communicates the drop s effect to the DoDragDrop function so it can communicate the effect of the drop back to the source For the explanation of the parameters see DragEnter function HRESULT Drop in ULONGLONG pCOleDataObject in ULONG dropEffect in LONG pointx in LONG pointy in HDC transformHDC GME sends calls that function to instruct the decorator to incorporates the source data into the target place remove the target feedback and release the data object 50 GME Manual and User Guide For the explanation of the parameters see DragEnter function HRESULT DropFile in ULONGLONG hDropInfo in LONG pointx in LONG pointy in HDC transformHDC DropFileisacompletely different way to handle possible drop operations than the previously seen three IDropTarget like methods While the previous three method usually used during drag drop operations initiated inside the GME environment DropF ile onl
208. or more exceptions were thrown while the constraint was evaluating A constraint can be named In some circumstances this is a requirement rather than an option in order to make a distinction between constraints of a type The constraint s defined name will be the concatenation of the type of the context and the name of the constraint 119 GME Manual and User Guide In this implementation each constraint expression has to have context declaration The context declaration differs from constraint type to constraint type 1 3 Types of Constraints Expressions 1 3 1 Invariants A constraint can be an Invariant An invariant must be true for all instances of the type of the context at any time In the case of invariants the special variable self can be renamed in this case self is not accessible context lt contextName gt lt typeName gt inv lt constraintName gt lt expression gt e g context Person inv DontHaveDogs n context p Person inv 1 3 2 Pre conditions A constraint can be a Pre condition A pre condition can be associated with any behavioral feature In order to define the context of the constraint the user has to specify the name the parameters and the returned type of the feature In a pre condition the parameters of the feature can be accessed as variables Although the original OCL does not allow the renaming of self in pre conditions this implementa
209. ors Because of this property of the language the resolution of features i e expressions gets more complicated In an expression all available implicit variables are marked and stored in a sequence If an expression has to be regarded as a feature of a type i e attribute association end method iterator then all implicit variables are examined to determine which variable the feature belongs to This examination starts at the end of the sequence and goes to the beginning i e the variable declared last is examined first If a feature is resolved even if it is ambiguous then resolution is stopped Assuming that Person and Dog are defined by the paradigm They have an association called HasDog with roles owner and dogs Both classes have an attribute called age Person has an attribute called gender 129 GME Manual and User Guide First age is resolved as self age because there is only one implicit variable called self dogs is resolved as self dogs because there is only one implicit variable called self Iterator called forAll creates a new implicit variable We refers to that as iterl These variables are not accessible in the expression directly gender is resolved self gender because iterl which is a Dog does not have any feature called gender Second and third age is resolved
210. otFolder v GeneratorBase v sg v 5 27 RootFolder lt E GeneratoBase SFDemol a lt Compound Compound s Wf SubGenBase lt q BasicTypes 79 CompoundParts Compound S Z GeneratorBase SS DFC DatatlowConn s 2 SubGenBase E et InputParameters InputParam Gy Folder InputSignals InputSignal lt System Z OutputParameters OutputParam lt PostProcessing OutputSignals OutputSignal lt SubGeneratorl lt Z Parameters Param 9 E Channel DataType E Fequency Global 727 Output Size Sh Size Value lt SuperGen SS PC ParameterConn lt Generators 79 PrimitiveParts Primitive Z In Folder Folder E Out S Primitive Primitive lt Z GeneratorB amp Firing W In S InputParameters InputParam 72 Out S InputSignals InputSignal 2 Generator v The Inheritance tab is used explicitly for visualizing the type inheritance hierarchy described in detail later It is entirely driven by the current model selection within the aggregate tree For example the current 16 GME Manual and User Guide selection in the aggregate tree in the figure above is a model GeneratorBase It has one subtype called SubGenBase and two instances bearing the name GeneratorA and GeneratorB This type instance relationship is shown in the Inheritance tab We also have an instance model of the SubGenBase subtype called SubGenBase In the Aggregate
211. ox The default selection is the aspect with the same name as the container models aspect For all other FCOs atoms sets connections this files shows N A The third column is used to specify whether the given the aspect is primary or not for the given FCO i e in the specified role In a primary aspect the given FCO can be added or deleted In a secondary aspect it only shows up but cannot be added or deleted Note that all the information provided by the user through this dialog box is persistent It is stored in the metamodel in the registry of the corresponding objects A subsequent invocation of the interpreter will show the dialog box with the information specified by the user the previous time 8 4 Attribute Guide Each attribute of any given FCO in the Metamodeling environment has a specific meaning for the output paradigm This section describes each attribute and lists the FCO s in which the attribute resides Attributes are listed by the text prompted on the screen for their entry The section also gives what special instructions if any are necessary for filling out the attribute 65 GME Manual and User Guide For fields if the default value of the field is then no default value is specified in the description All other attributes list the default value Ist source label String value that gives the name of the Attribute class to be displayed there The Attribute should also belong through aggregatio
212. pecified the substring continues to the end of this If length is zero or negative an empty string is returned The first position is 0 The result is undefined and an exception is thrown if lower is less than 0 ob le sstring erin J ft oclerstring Returns a st ring that neither starts nor ends with white space characters At Ar t and characters u0000 to u0020 are considered to be white space ocl String toReal ocl Real Converts this to ocl Real If the conversion cannot be performed then an exception is thrown and the method returns undefined The method cannot convert strings representing real numbers but an exponent ocl String toInteger ocl Integer Converts this to ocl Integer If the conversion cannot be performed then an exception is thrown and the method returns undefined The method cannot convert strings representing integer numbers but an exponent 2 3 ocl Enumeration The type ocl Enumeration represents types with a discrete and finite value domain 2 3 1 Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as enum Its supertype is ocl Any 2 3 2 Operators operator enuml ocl Enumeration enum2 ocl Enumeration ocl Boolean Returns true if enum is the same value as enum2 operator lt gt enuml ocl Enumeration enum2 ocl Enumeration ocl Boolean Returns t rue if enum is not the same value as enum2
213. per left corner of the model Because the model window can be magnified and it can be scrolled the cursor position to the model window HWND can be different If somebody wants to calculate the relative position to the upper left corner of the window the t ransformHDC HDC is supplied for that purpose Using this HDC the coordinates can be transformed If there are more decorators below or close to the cursor GME forwards the message until the event is not handled by one of them If none of the decorators treat the message then GME s event handler code will take effect HRESULT MouseLeftButtonDown in ULONG nFlags in LONG pointx in LONG pointy in HDC transformHDC GME forwards this message to the decorator when Window s WM_LBUTTONDOWN is over the view window and the cursor is close to or above the particular decorator s area The decorator can decide if it wants to start some operation or change the cursor return S_DECORATOR_EVENT_HANDLED or not do anything special return S_DECORATOR_EVENT_NOT_HANDLED For the explanation of parameters and return values see the MouseMoved interface function s explanation The same things apply for the following interface functions MouseLeftButtonup MouseLeftButtonDoubleClick MouseRightButtonup MouseRightButtonDoubleClick MouseMiddleButtonDown MouseMiddleButtonUp MouseMiddleButtonDoubleClick HRESULT MouseRightButtonDown in ULONGLONG hCtxMenu in ULONG n
214. pment models in a process model in a chemical engineering paradigm e References to nodes of a multiprocessor network in a paradigm describing hardware software allocation assignments As mentioned above the icon used to represent the reference part is user defined Model or model reference references that do not have their own icon defined have an appearance similar to the referred to model but without 3D borders 11 GME Manual and User Guide 3 2 6 Connections and links Merely having parts in a model is not sufficient for creating meaningful models there are relationships among those parts that need to be expressed The GME uses many different methods for expressing these relationships the simplest one being the connection A connection is a line that connects two parts of a model Connections have at least two attributes appearance to aid the modeler in making distinctions between different types of connections and directionality as distinguished by the presence or absence of an arrow head at the destination end of the line Additional connection attributes can be defined in the metamodel depending on the requirements of the particular modeling paradigm The actual semantics of a connection is determined by the modeling paradigm When the connection is being drawn the GME checks whether the connection is legal or not All legal connections are defined in the metamodel Two checks are made to determine the legalit
215. point addition drag and drop process Also you can run this alignment algorithm along the whole connection using the Try to apply horizontal vertical snap along the whole connection context menu item You can tune the most important parameter of the logic the snap treshold angle int the Tools Options dialog You should give the angle in degrees and not in radian See the previous screenshot of the dialog in this section 31 GME Manual and User Guide Figure 18 Connection customization horizontal vertical edge snap threshold value settings GME properties User Icon Path System Icon Path PARADIGMDIR icons PROJECTDIR icons Multiline Attributes Enable External Text Editor utosave Enable Autosave Save every seconds Autorouter Connections keep clear of labels v Use auto routing by default Scripting Current script engine XML VBScript VBScript Encode Python AXScript 2 JScript JScript Encode PerlScript SignedJavaS cript Tl US oe Misc Default zoom value 100 S Undo queue size 10 Double attribute format 120 E Navigation History Open model in multiple views Enable Event Logging Mouse Over Object Notify Console Timestamping Edge Smooth mode High Quality Mode Font Smooth mode Anti Alias Cancel GME tries to obtain the data of an auto routed connection path and fee
216. process begins by formulating the domain s modeling paradigm The modeling paradigm contains all the syntactic semantic and presentation information regarding the domain which concepts will be used to construct models what relationships may exist among those concepts how the concepts may be organized and viewed by the modeler and rules governing the construction of models The modeling paradigm defines the family of models that can be created using the resultant MIPS environment Both domain and MGA experts participate in the task of formulating the modeling paradigm Experience has shown that the modeling paradigm changes rapidly during early stages of development becoming stable only after a significant amount of testing and use A contributing factor to this phenomenon is the fact that domain experts are often unable to initially specify exactly how the modeling environment should behave Of course as the system matures the modeling paradigm becomes stable However because the system itself must evolve the modeling paradigm must change to reflect this evolution Changes to the paradigm result in new modeling environments and new modeling environments require new or migrated models 2 2 2 Metamodels and Modeling Environment Synthesis Metamodels are models of a particular modeling environment Metamodels contain descriptions of the entities attributes and relationships that are available in the target modeling environment Once a
217. r can jump to another model making that the new active model using a path syntax similar to that used on Unix slashes as delimiters to step one model up in the hierarchy The path used must identify uniquely an fco otherwise the command will not succeed The Prev and Next methods can be used to cycle through the already opened models PresAspect and NextAspect cycle through the aspects of the current model Now console has the ability to load HTML content into the console window if a htm html extension file is selected with the Load Script dialog This action won t affect the recent script list because the HTM content is not a script 38 GME Manual and User Guide 5 Type Inheritance The type inheritance concepts in GME closely resemble those of object oriented programming languages The only significant difference is that in GME model types are similar in appearance to model instances they too are graphical have attributes and contain parts By default a model created from scratch is a type A subtype of a model type can be created by dragging the type and dropping it while pressing the Alt Shift key combination An instance is created in similar manner but only the Alt key needs to be used A subtype or an instance of a model type depends on the type There is one significant rule that is different for subtypes and instances New parts are allowed in a subtype but not in an instance Otherwise parts can be
218. r cannot mix the metakinds except of FCO e g all descendants of a BON extension having Atom metakind will have Atom metakind e Virtual inheritances In the case of diamond inheritance virtual inheritance must be used see how ProcessingUnitImp1 extends BON FCOImp1 In case of wrapper classes all inheritances are virtual e Multiple inheritance In these cases DECLARE_BONEXTENSION2 or DECLARE_BONEXTENSION3 can be used The example code Realization of the implementation classes class ProcessingUnitImpl virtual public BON FCOImp1l Note BON FCOImpl is an abstract class by default void doSomething T f class Compoundimpl public BON ModelImpl public ProcessingUnitImpl Declare BON extensions DECLARE_ABSTRACT_BONEXTENSION BON FCO ProcessingUnitImpl ProcessingUnit DECLARE_BONEXTENSION2 BON Model ProcessingUnit CompoundImpl Compound Implement BON wrappers assignment if it is required IMPLEMENT_ABSTRACT_BONEXTENSION ProcessingUnit IMPLEMENT_BONEXTENSION Compound Compound Using the extensions void print const BON FCO amp fco if BON Model fco AfxMessageBox It is a model ProcessingUnit unit fco if unity unit gt doSomething if Compound unit AfxMessageBox It is a Compound else AfxMessageBox It is another descendant of ProcessingUnit 93 GME
219. rator div intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer 138 GME Manual and User Guide Returns the number of times that int 2 fits completely within int1 operator mod intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the modulo of int 1 and int2 2 6 3 Functions abs int ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the absolute value of int max intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the maximum of int 1 and int2 min intl ocl Integer int2 ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the minimum of int1 and int2 2 6 4 Methods ocl Integer abs ocl Integer Returns the absolute value of this ocl Integer max int ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the maximum of this and int ocl Integer min int ocl Integer ocl Integer Returns the minimum of this and int 2 7 ocl Type The type ocl Type represents the types and the meta types used in an OCL expression For the time being this type does not have features e g enumerating the attribute of the type but this type will be the foundation of obtaining meta kind information in OCL At the moment it is used only to refer to types and meta types with strings 2 7 1 Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as Type Its supertype is ocl Any 2 7 2 Operators operator typel ocl Type type2 ocl Type ocl Boolean Returns true if typel is equal to t
220. red in OCL expressions because these types will not appear in the interpreted meta e Inheritance information cannot be acquired between two kinds defined by the paradigm because this knowledge is lost during the interpretation e Although standard OCL says that meta kind information cannot be obtained in expressions referring to meta kinds is allowed For the time being this is the only way to get some common information about kinds e If a constraint is associated with a kind then the kind and all of its descendants will get a constraint object which is the same as the defined one but is a distinct entity This problem grows in size along with the sizes of the XMP and XML files s If the modeler would like to write a Constraint Definition and attach it to the kind then the definition will be associated only with that kind and not with its descendants This is because there is no such a mechanism mentioned in the previous point Therefore if the modeler wants to have a definition attached to more than one kind she must define a meta kind as the context of the definition Though the propagating mechanism can be implemented the usage of Constraint Definitions would be clumsy the user always would have to cast because of the lost inheritance information 104 GME Manual and User Guide 10 1 2 2 Retained Meta Kind Features For the time being all features particularly methods that are defined by the former language of GME
221. renamed set membership can be changed and references can be redirected in both subtypes and instances Parts cannot be deleted and connections cannot be modified in either subtypes or instances Any modification of parts in a type propagates down the inheritance hierarchy For example if a part is deleted in a type the same part will be automatically deleted in all of its instances and subtypes and instances of subtypes all the way down the inheritance hierarchy Types can contain other types as well as instances as parts The mixture of aggregation and type inheritance introduces another kind of relationship between objects This is best illustrated through an example In the figure below there are two root type models the Engine and the Car The car contains an instance of an engine V6 and an ABS type model V6 is an instance of the Engine this relationship is indicated by the dash line Aggregation is depicted by solid lines Figure 25 Model Dependency Chains T Engine T IST I Car Cool Car My Car aa T ABSXj Type SubType Instance Composition Dependency Hya ir iI v6 ABSi When we create a subtype of the Car Cool Car above we indirectly create another instance of the Engine V6 and a subtype of the ABS type This is the expected behavior as a subtype without any modification should look exactly like its base type Notice the arrow that points from V6 i
222. rocess is visible however it cannot be interrupted yet e The Constraint Browser displays all constraints even if a constraint has errors e The model is maintained in a clean state deleted user constraints and enabling information are always eliminated e The interface of constraint enabling functionality fits the concept of kinds types subtypes and instances i e type inheritance Limitations and Special Issues Due to some special properties of the GME Meta Modeling environment certain extensions and limitations exist These are discussed below Inheritance at Meta Modeling Time GME specifies three kinds of inheritance standard implementation and interface inheritance But none of these are part of GME Meta i e meta information generated by Meta Interpreter Inheritance is defined only to help the meta modeler and to facilitate her work Consequently inheritances only act as operators at meta modeling time This situation requires us to ease some strict rules of standard OCL These rules include the following e Some well defined abstractions which were made by the modeler disappear because all information is lost For example if in future the standard OCL rules about accessing an association end are allowed then it is likely that many association ends cannot be used due to ambiguity e For a kind which is defined in the paradigm if either its kind is gme FCO or its Is Abstract flag is set then it cannot be refer
223. rt real time MultiGraph execution environments MIC Model Integrated Computing 154 GME Manual and User Guide MIPS modeling paradigm Model interpreters Model translators MultiGraph Architecture OCL paradigm POSIX Primitive model Reference parts References Model Integrated Program Synthesis The syntactic semantic and presentation information necessary to create models of systems within a particular domain High level code associated with a given modeling paradigm used to translate information found in the graphical models into forms executable code data streams etc useful in the domain being modeled See Model interpreters A toolset for creating domain specific modeling environments Object Constraint Language a companion language to UML See modeling paradigm Portable Operating System Interface An IEEE standard designed to facilitate application portability A model that cannot contain other models Objects that refer to i e point to other objects atomic parts or models See Reference parts 155
224. ry point is the invokeEx of BON Component and this is the main part Here is a descriptive example void Component invokeEx Project amp project FCO amp currentFCO const std set lt FCO gt amp setSelectedFCOs long lParam AfxMessageBox Project CString project gt getName c_str if Model currentFCO AfxMessageBox The context of the component must be a model return CString strObjects Selected objects are r n for std set lt FCO gt iterator it setSelectedFCOs begin it setSelectedFCOs end itt strObjects CString it gt getName c_str r n AfxMessageBox strObjects end of invokeEx 9 3 5 Add ons and Events The entry point of an add on means the reaction to the specific event of a specific object and it can be accomplished in different ways The user may handle and react to all events in objectEventPerformed of BON Component Here is an example void Component objectEventPerformed Object amp object unsigned long event VARIANT v v in this version of BON2 is unused in the future it will contain appropriate event parameter s AfxMessageBox The context CString object gt getName c_str At the same time more than one event may be performed CString strEvents Events r n for MON ObjectEventType eType MON OET_ObjectCreated eType MON
225. s e TypeableBitmapPart a building block which can display bitmaps It can also display type subtype and reference tiny marker icons to clearly indicate these circumstances visually 5 e TypeableLabelPart Besides displaying the label of an object and allowing in place editing of the text it is able to display type information about the object e ObjectAndTextPart CompositePart is a general way to put any kind of parts together but usually a decorator consists of some graphics bitmap vectorial and a label Ob jectAndTextPart makes this dual configuration easier to implement VectorPart The vector part uses its own scheme to describe vectorial graphics but there are several ready to use vectorial shapes like TriangleVectorPart EllipseVectorPart or DiamondVectorPart The main task is to decide which decorator parts represent the functionality needed by the decorator and instantiate them at the proper time In the NewSample example this place is the SampleCompositePart InitializeEx function where currently we add a vector part and a label part to the encapsulating composite part The UML and the Meta decorator source contains a switch here the branching decision is made according to the name of the meta object For example in case of constraint meta elements the needed constraint vectorial parts are used as the graphical part of the decorator 57 GME Manual and User Guide You can use th
226. s determined by the value returned by anyExpr for the element 2 9 oc1 Set The type oc1 Set represents the mathematical concept of set 2 9 1 Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as Set Its supertype is ocl Collection 2 9 2 Operators operator setl ocl Set set2 ocl Set ocl Boolean Returns t rue if the size of set 1 and set2 are the same and set 1 contains all elements of set 2 and set2 contains all elements of set1 operator lt gt setl ocl Set set2 ocl Set ocl Boolean Returns t rue if the size of set 1 and set 2 are not the same or set 1 contains at least one element that set2 does not or set 1 contains at least one element that set 2 does not operator setl ocl Set set2 ocl Set ocl Set 141 GME Manual and User Guide operator set ocl Set bag ocl Bag ocl Bag Returns the union of set 1 and set 2 or set and bag operator set ocl Set collection ocl Collection ocl Set Returns a set which contains all elements that are contained in set but not in collection operator setl ocl Set set2 ocl Set ocl Set operator set ocl Set bag ocl Bag ocl Set Returns the intersection of set 1 and set 2 or set and bag operator setl ocl Set set2 ocl Set ocl Set Returns a set which contains all elements that are contained by only set 1 or set 2 2 9 3 Metho
227. s will be the user defined wrapper class In our case it is Compound DECLARE_BONEXTENSION BON Model CompoundImpl Compound The IMPLEMENT_BONEXTENSION macro inserted into a cpp file is for assigning the BON extension to a kind or a containment defined by the paradigm or to a meta kind defined by GME The implementor may specify more than one kind or even assign a concept to a kind and a containment at the same time The parameters are the following e Wrapper class The name of the BON extension which must be assigned In our case it is Compound e Assignment string This is a string literal containing a space separated list of kind names containment rolenames or meta kind names In our case it is simply Compound IMPLEMENT_BONEXTENSION Compound Compound After this step the BON extension to the Compound concept defined by the paradigm is ready to use everywhere Note It is not required that the name of the wrapper class is the same as the kindname It is only good practice 9 3 6 3 Assigning BON Extensions AS we mentioned above not only kinds can be specified for a BON extension but containment roles even metakinds as well It is possible that for one COM object more than one BON extension could be created In order to avoid collisions and resolve them if we can there is a precedence defined among the names In the following enumeration the first is the highest precedence
228. s OCL is a query language it is true for all expressions that objects states i e values of their member variables and not modified It is always true that all expressions must return a value i e an object OCL is case sensitive 1 4 1 Type casting As OCL is a typed language it is not allowed to simply call features of an object A type of the object and of course the meta type defines the kinds of expressions in which the object can participate In most cases the type of the object in a specific expression is enough to write the expression without type casting but there are some circumstances in which it is necessary An object always has dynamic and static type in an expression The static type is known at the time of writing the expression The dynamic type is determined at run time while the constraint is evaluating There are two known situations in which type casting is required e The static type of the object differs from the well known i e dynamic type of the object To write certain expressions the type must be downcast This is the case when an expression returns an object but its static type is the supertype of the object s dynamic type e The type of the objects overloads or overrides a feature of a supertype in a certain way e g by inheritance To access the super type s functionality the type of the object must be up cast Type casting is defined by the meta type ocl Any It declares the type cast op
229. s connected to the fco If role is specified then the role of fco has to match role If kind is specified the kind of regarded connections must be kind If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Connection then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme FCO subTypes ocl Set gme FCO Returns a set which contains all fcos that are subtypes of the fco Returns an empty set if the fco is not a type gme FCO instances ocl Set gme FCO Returns a set which contains all fcos that are instances of this fco as a type Returns an empty set if the fco is an instance gme FCO type gme FCO Returns the t ype of this fco gme FCO baseType gme FCO Returns the base type of this fco gme FCO isType ocl Boolean Returns t rue if the fco is a type gme FCO isInstance ocl Boolean Returns t rue if the fco is not a type in which case it would be an instance gme FCO folder gme Folder Returns the closest folder which contains this fco recursively over models gme FCO referencedBy kind ocl String ocl Set gme Reference D 149 GME Manual and User Guide gme FCO referencedBy kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Reference Returns a set of references which refer to this fco If kind is specified then only those references whose kind is kind will be returned If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Reference
230. s feature nFlag came from a GME message see MouseLeftButtonDown above for example and can be forwarded back to GME for completeness but currently GME doesn t use it HRESULT LabelMoving in LONG nFlags in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom The decorator tells GME that the label position is changed and we are still in the label moving operation The coordinates specify the actual location of the label HRESULT LabelMovingFinished in LONG nFlags in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom The decorator tells GME that a label moving operation is finished The coordinates specify the actual location of the label This should be the last message because this will issue the transaction commit command The Labe1Moved message must precede it HRESULT LabelMoved in LONG nFlags in LONG x in LONG y The decorator tells GME that the new location of the label is finalized and the transaction can be opened The x and y parameters are the delta values compared to the previous location of the label The decorator must call LabelMoved function before modifying the mga object The decorator also must call the LabelMovingFinished function after that in order to have the transaction committed by GME HRESULT LabelResizingStarted in LONG nFlags in LONG left in LONG top in LONG right in LONG bottom The decorator tells GME that a label resizing operation is started The coor
231. s found in various programming languages When complex models are created containing many different kinds of atomic and hierarchical parts it is sometimes necessary for one model to directly access parts contained in another For example in one dataflow diagram a variable may be defined and in another diagram of the system one may want to use that variable In dataflow diagrams this is possible only by connecting that variable via a dataflow arc going up in the hierarchy until a level is reached from where one can descend and reach the other diagram a rather cumbersome process GME offers a better solution reference parts Reference parts are objects that refer to i e point to other modeling objects Thus a reference part can point to a model an atomic part of a model a model embedded in another model or even another reference part or a set A reference part can be created only after the referenced part has been created and the referenced part cannot be removed until all references to it have been removed However it is possible to create null references i e references that do not refer to any objects One can think of these as placeholders for future use Whether a particular reference can be established i e created or not depends on the particular modeling paradigm being used Examples of references are as follows e References to variables in remote dataflow diagrams in a signal processing paradigm e References to equi
232. s that are visible inside the given model The GetAspectNames function return the list of names of aspects the current model has This helps in writing paradigm independent components Children can be created with the appropriate creation functions Similarly connections can be constructed by specifying their kind and the source and destination objects Please see the description of the CBuilderConnection class for a detailed description of connections The TraverseModel1s function is similar to the TraverseChildren but it only traverses models class CBuilderModel public CBuilderObject public const CBuilderObjectList GetChildren const const CBuilderModelList GetModels const const CBuilderModelList GetModels CString partName const const CBuilderAtomList GetAtoms CString partName const const CBuilderModelReferenceList GetModelReferences CString refPartName const const CBuilderAtomReferenceList GetAtomReferences CString refPartName const const CBuilderConnectionList GetConnections CString name const const CBuilderSetList GetSets CString name const void GetAspectNames CStringList amp list CBuilderModel CreateNewModel CString partName CBuilderAtom CreateNewAtom CString partName CBuilderModelReference CreateNewModelReference CString refPartName CBuilderObject refTo CBuilderAtomReference CreateNewAtomReference CString refPartName CBuilderObject refTo CBuilderSet CreateNewSet
233. s the default value of a BooleanAttr Default value Unchecked Contained in BooleanAttr Text field that gives the default parameters of the constraint Contained in Constraint Text field that gives the displayed name of the menu item in the Menu items attribute to be used as the default value of the menu Contained in EnumAttr Text field that is displayed when the constraint is violated Contained in Constraint String value that gives the displayed name of a Folder or Aspect This will be the value that is shown in the model browser or aspect tab respectively A blank value will result in the displayed name being equal to the name of the class Contained in Folder Aspect Text field that gives the default value of the FieldAttr Contained in FieldAttr Text field multiple lines that allows a user to enter data to be transferred directly into the XML file This is a highly specific text 67 GME Manual and User Guide Global scope Icon In root folder Line end Line start Line type Number of lines area and is normally not used The occasions for using this area is to configure portions of the paradigm that the Metamodeling environment has not yet been developed to configure Contained in FCO Atom Model Set Connection Reference A boolean checkbox that refers to the definition scope of the attribute In most cases it is sufficient to leave this attribute in its default
234. ser will be prompted to choose between the SetMembership and ReferTo connection kinds Some underlying assumptions exist here such as all members of the Set must be members of the Model to which this set belongs Figure 31 Example of a Set Model LB Atom lt lt Model gt gt lt lt Atom gt gt 0 7 Reference lt lt Reference gt gt os 4 0 5 Set Model lt lt Set gt gt lt lt Model gt gt 8 1 4 1 How to specify what FCO s a Set Owns Connect the FCO to the Set Atom In the event of an ambiguity resolve it with the SetMembership connection type Make sure to aggregate the Set to the Model in which it will reside 8 1 5 Model The Model may contain through the Containment connection type any other FCO and it associates a role name to each FCO it contains The Model has the Name Position and In Root Folder attributes 8 1 5 1 How to contain a Model Model 1 in a Model Model 0 N Connect Model 1 to Model 0 Note It is possible to have a Model contain itself the previous case where Model 1 Model 0 8 1 5 2 How to contain an Atom in a Model In the event that an FCO is used as a superclass for the Model then FCO may replace Model in the following sequence Atom may be replaced by Set Reference or Connection 1 Create and configure the Atom and the Model 2 Connect the Atom to the Mod
235. sitive help functionality is described in the next section 4 9 AutoRouter Features The AutoRouter determines a connection s position between model elements However sometimes the user wishes to specify the position Connection line customization features fulfill two fundamental needs e The auto routed connection lines can be customized line segments edges can be dragged within the possible limits At the same time the logic of the system is still preserved e The whole auto routing logic can be turned off for connections individually or completely for a model on global level or FCO model level You are allowed to freely edit the whole connection The techniques can be also mixed so some of the connection lines can be maintained by the auto router logic system while the others can be completely free from it 4 9 1 Autorouting policy The user can specify if certain connections should be routed automatically or manually on three possible levels this is also the order of priority e For connections individually e At the parent model level e GME s global options 4 9 1 1 GME s default routing policy If a connection doesn t have a setting on the connection or parent level GME s default routing policy determines how the connection should be treated With model level and global settings it possible to fully customize every connection in a model fulfilling the second need You can turn off the default auto routing in the To
236. st optional These are true only for predefined iterators discussed in a later section U lt expression gt gt lt iteratorName gt lt declarationType gt lt expression gt f lt declarator gt lt declarator gt n e g let mySet Set 1 2 3 10 in mySet gt forAll eleml elem2 int eleml lt gt elem2 mySet gt one size 2 Here we discuss only the generic iterator of OCL called iterate Iterate always has a variable that is regarded as the accumulator of the iteration The iterator s return type is the type of the accumulator The accumulator is always initialized The expression has to include the accumulator variable so that the iteration will be meaningful but it is not required Iterate may have exactly one declarator Iterate is the foundation of all predefined iterator lt expression gt gt iterate lt declarator gt lt declarationType gt lt accumulator gt lt accumulatorType gt lt expression gt lt expression gt U e g let mySet Set 1 2 3 10 in Expressing the functionality of exists predefined iterator mySet gt exists i i size 2 mySet gt iterate i accu false accu or i size 2 Expressing the functionality of isUnique predefined iterator mySet g
237. sy out ex out ey lt GetLabelLocation out sx out sy out ex out ey 46 GME Manual and User Guide GME Dir Decorator lt GetLocation out sx out sy out ex out ey gt SetActive in isActive gt DrawEx in hDC in gdip gt SaveState gt Destroy 7 1 1 IMgaElementDecorator Functions HRESULT GetFeatures out feature_code features This method tells GME which features the decorator supports Available feature codes are can be combined using the bitwise OR operator e F_RESITZABLE decorator supports resizable objects F_MOUSEVENTS decorator handles mouse events e F_HASLABEL decorator draws labels for objects outside of the object e F_HASSTATE decorator wants to save information in the MGA project e F_HASPORTS decorator supports ports in objects e F_ANIMATION decorator expects periodic calls of its draw method HRESULT SetParam in BSTR name in VARIANT value If there are some parameters specified for this decorator in the meta model GME will call this method for each parameter value pair HRESULT GetParam in BSTR name out VARIANT value The decorator needs to be able to give back all the parameter value pairs it got with the Set Param method HRESULT InitializeEx in IMgaProject project in IMgaMetaPart meta in IMgaFCO obj in IMgaCommo
238. t isUnique i i mySet gt forAll il i2 il i2 implies il lt gt i2 mySet gt iterate il accul true accul and mySet gt iterate i2 accu2 true accu2 and il i2 implies il lt gt i2 1 5 Type Related Expressions 1 5 1 Operators In OCL there are a bunch of operators defined by predefined types In both OCL 1 4 and OCL 2 0 logical operators are not defined completely as the specification does not define precedence between these operators This small lack would make writing OCL expressions more difficult because the user would have to use parenthesis even if it was not necessary In this implementation we define the precedence and the associative rules of operators as they are defined in well known programming languages Operators can be overloaded and defined for types of paradigms as well This extension is adopted from the C language The overridden operators can be accessed by applying the oclAsType method of ocl Any Exceptions to this rule are the primary operators first row of the table below The precedence from the highest to lowest and associativity are shown in the following table 125 GME Manual and User Guide Table A 1 Operators Associativity pre gt Left to right sign Right to left div mod Left to right h Left to right lt lt gt gt lt gt Left to right not Right
239. t a glance All models and folders can be shown and folders models and any kind of parts can be added moved and deleted using the Model Browser controls This is described in more detail below 4 2 The Part Browser The Part Browser window shows the parts that can be inserted into the current model in the current aspect It shows all parts except for connections At the bottom of the Part Browser tabs show the available aspects of the current model Clicking on a tab will change the aspect of the current model to the selected one It also attempts to change the aspect of all the open models If a particular model does not have the given aspect its current aspect remains active The Part Browser can be used to drag a single object at a time and drop it either in any editor window or in the Model Browser If a reference is dragged a null reference is created because the target object is unspecified Remember that references null references included can be redirected at any time by dropping a new target on top of them see more detailed discussion where the drag and drop operations are described Note that the Part Browser window just like the Model Browser window is dockable it can float as an independent window or it can be docked to any side of the GME Main window 4 3 The Attribute Browser Attributes and Preferences are available in a modeless dialog box called the Attribute Browser There is no OK button changes are updated i
240. t correspond to the method name then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme Model models kind ocl String ocl Set gme Model D gme Model models kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Model gme Model atoms kind ocl String ocl Set gme Atom D gme Model atoms kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Atom These methods have the same functionality as the parts methods have except these methods return the set of contained objects which are contained recursively by the model its immediate children and its descendants models children The returned set will contain objects that have the appropriate meta kind 3 9 gme Project This kind is predefined in GME and has exactly one instance in all models It is introduced to facilitate writing constraint definitions whose context cannot be any of the kinds defined in the paradigm 3 9 1 Aliases Supertypes This kind can be accessed as Project Its supertype is ocl Any 3 9 2 Operators operator projectl gme Project project2 gme Project ocl Boolean operator lt gt projectl gme Project project2 gme Project ocl Boolean These operators are defined because of consistency But since there is only one instance of gme Project in all projects these features are useless 3 9 3 Attributes gme project name Returns the name of the project This attribute can be used to check whether the
241. t expression gt lt expression gt wow S lt roleName gt Here are some examples to facilitate the understanding of navigation over associations Figure A 1 Example for associations elements owner dogs 0 9 0 1 0 7 BoxContainment L 0 1 l i container HasDog Regarding these parts of a paradigm the following OCL expression can be written Box Person Dog Assuming that b is a Box bc is a BoxContainment If Box had further association which has elements or container roles then these roles could not be used because of ambiguity Cannot be used in any cases because of recursive containment b box Returns in ocl Set Box If elements was missing that association end would not be accessible from Box b elements Returns in Box If container was missing that association end would not be accessible from Box b container Cannot be used in any cases because of recursive containment b boxContainment Returns in ocl Set BoxContainment If container was missing that association class would not be accessible from Box as container b boxContainment container Returns in BoxContainment If elements was missing that association class would not be accessible from Box as element b boxContainment elements Cannot be used in any cases because of
242. t may also be visible in more than one aspect For every kind of part there are two kinds of aspects primary and secondary Parts can only be added or deleted from the model from within its primary aspect Secondary aspects merely inherit parts from the primary aspects Of course different interconnection rules may apply to parts in different aspects When a model is viewed it is always viewed from one particular aspect at a time Since some parts may be visible in more than one aspect while others may visible only in a single aspect models may have a completely different appearance when viewed from different aspects after all that s why aspects exist The following are examples of aspects e Signal Flow and States aspects for a signal processing paradigm e Process Flow Sheet and Process Finite State Machine aspects for a chemical engineering paradigm e Component Assignment and Failure Propagation aspects of a fault modeling paradigm 3 2 9 Attributes Models atoms references sets and connections can all have attributes An attribute is a property of an object that is best expressed textually Note that we use the word text for anything that is shown as text including numbers and a choice from a finite set of symbolic or numeric constants Typically objects have multiple attributes which can be set using non graphical means such as entry fields menus buttons etc The attribute v
243. t the same or bagl does not contain all elements of bag2 with the same counts or bag2 does not contain all elements of bag1 with the same counts operator bag ocl Bag set ocl Set ocl Set operator bagl ocl Bag bag2 ocl Bag ocl Bag Returns the union of bag and set or bag1 and bag2 operator bag ocl Bag set ocl Set t ocl Set operator bagi ocl Bag bag2 ocl Bag ocl Bag Returns the intersection of bag and set or bag1 and bag2 Methods ocl Bag union set ocl Set ocl Bag ocl Bag union bag ocl Bag ocl Bag Returns the union of the bag and set or bag ocl Bag intersection set ocl Set ocl Set ocl Bag intersection bag ocl Bag ocl Bag Returns the intersection of the bag and set or bag ocl Bag including any ocl Any ocl Bag Returns a bag containing any ocl Bag excluding any ocl Any ocl Bag Returns a bag not containing elements which equal to any lterators ocl Bag select boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Bag Returns a bag containing all elements of the bag for which boolExpr evaluated to true ocl Bag reject boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Bag Returns a bag containing all elements of the bag for which boolExpr evaluated to false ocl Bag collect anyExpr ocl Any ocl Bag Returns a bag containing values which are returned by anyExpr applied to each element of
244. tained from the reference before use and which is not recommended to cache by the component implementor Consequently only ReferencePortContainer contains reference ports BON ReferencePort is retained in BON2 but its primary ancestor is not the same as the ancestor of BON FCO The explanation is that primarily FCO is a metakind and reference port is another concept defined because of connections 95 GME Manual and User Guide 9 3 9 2 Relationship Between ReferencePorts In the next figure we find a model called Model and four references called Ref1 Ref2 Ref3 and Ref4 referring directly or indirectly to the model Model contains two atoms called P1 and P2 which are ports Figure 43 Relationships of Model references and Reference ports Ref4 gt Ref3 Relationship between References and the Model Relationship between Reference ports and the FCO Relationship between References ports Because the references refer to a model they implements the ReferencePortContainer interface and they contain reference ports with the same names P1 and P2 Reference ports refer to the port contained by the model blue lines in the figure We say that the reference ports are the descendants of the port Ref2 refers to Model via Ref1 P2 of Ref 1 is the parent of P2 of Ref 2 The parent of P2 of Ref 1 is null because Ref1 refers to Model directly P2 of Ref1 has three descendant reference ports a
245. tamodel is updated to reflect these refinements and new GMEs are generated Once the modeling paradigm is stable i e the MGA and domain experts are satisfied that the GME allows consistent valid models to be built the task of interpreter writing begins Interpreters are model translators designed to work with all models created using the domain specific GME for which they were designed The translated models are used as sources to analysis programs or are used by an execution environment Once the interpreters are created environment users can create domain models and perform analysis on those models Note however that model creation usually begins much sooner Modelers typically begin creating models as soon as the initial GME is delivered As their understanding of the modeling environment and their own systems grows the models naturally become more complete and complex We now discuss the modeling components in greater detail 3 2 2 Models By model we mean an abstract object that represents something in the world What a model represents depends on what domain we are working in For instance e a Dataflow Block is the model for an operator in the signal processing domain e a Process model represents a functionality in a plant in the chemical engineering domain e a Network model represents a hardware interconnection scheme in the multiprocessor architecture domain A model is in computational terms an object that can be manip
246. tandard Windows window management functions e Contents Accesses the ISIS web server and shows the contents page of this document 22 GME Manual and User Guide s Help Shows context sensitive user defined help if available or defaults to the appropriate page of this document See details in a subsequent section s About Standard Windows functionality 4 6 Annotations GME provides annotations for attaching notes to your models These multi line textual annotations are paradigm independent and available in all of your models Annotations are not aligned to the model grid as opposed to real modeling entities and they can overlap each other but they are always lower in the Z order than normal objects Like every model contained artifact the visibility and position of annotations are aspect dependent 4 6 1 Creating Annotations You can create a new annotation in an opened model from the context menu Insert Annotation if you right click on an empty area in the model GME generates a name for your annotation and normally there is no need to modify this It also opens the Annotations dialog where you can customize the text and appearance of your comment 4 6 2 Editing Annotations There are several methods for editing your annotations You can open the Annotations dialog from the main menu bar Edit Annotations or from the context menu Annotations Figure 10 Annotation editor Name System Kind Compound Role N
247. tc 4 8 1 Editing Modes The graphical editor has six editing modes Normal Add Connection Delete Connection Set Mode Zoom Mode and Visualization The Editing Modebar located by default just to the left of the main editing window is used to change between these modes 25 GME Manual and User Guide Figure 11 GME Editing Mode Bar BAG 2 gt The figure above indicates the buttons used to select different editing modes The Editing Modebar is a dockable Windows menu button bar It can be dragged to different positions in the editor floated on top of the editing window or docked to the side of the editor 4 8 1 1 Normal Mode Normal mode is used to add delete move copy parts within editing windows Models from the Model Browser and parts from the Part Browser may be copied by left click dragging the objects into the Editor window Standard Windows keyboard shortcuts Ctrl C to Copy Ctrl V to Paste may also be used A copy operation the default when dragging from the Part Browser is indicated by the small symbol attached to the mouse cursor during the left click drag operation Parts and models may be moved and or copied between models too Here the normal left click dragging operation causes a move operation instead of a copy To copy parts and models between or within models hold down the Ctrl key before dropping New parts and models are given a default name defined in the modeling para
248. ted on its own with an assigned namespace i e the same namespace is set as in the case when is used as a library then every model built with this paradigm is trivially importable attachable to a composed paradigm model In case the sub metamodel is either not assigned a namespace or used with a different namespace kindname matching requires some user interaction the MgaResolver component pops up a dialog where the user can specify how kindnames need to be altered to be valid element names in the target composed paradigm Users can select from name truncation prefixing or migrating The prefixing option will prefix every kindname parsed during the import process with the specific string thus it is suitable for doing a simple transformation such as every element without a namespace will be regarded as being in a certain namespace MyMode1 element transformed to MyNS MyModel The truncation option does the opposite this being suitable for importing composed paradigm models into sub paradigm models if the model contains only sub paradigm elements Finally the migration option allows any element from one namespace to be regarded as being in another namespace every element prefixed with found in MyNS namespace will be prefixed with migrated into YourNS namespace 6 2 2 Re using a component in a composed paradigm An existing component interpreter add on can be re used in a composed paradigm if slight modifica
249. the Windows registry the checkbox in bottom of the options dialog must be set Interpreting Constraint Checking and context sensitive Help are also available Drag and drop is implemented in the standard Windows manner Multiple selection items may serve as the source for drag and drop Modifiers are important to note for these operations e No modifier Move operation s Ctrl Copy signified by plus icon over mouse cursor s Ctrl Shift Create reference signified by link icon over mouse cursor e Alt Create Instance signified by link icon over mouse cursor s Alt Shift Create Sub Type signified by link icon over mouse cursor If a drop operation fails then a dialog will indicate so Drop operations can occur within the Browser itself allowing this to be an effective means to restructuring a hierarchy Drop operations can only be performed onto a Model or a Folder 4 4 2 Model Browser and Interoperation Double clicking on any model in the tree or pressing the Space or Enter key when a model is selected will open that model for editing in the graphical model editor Double clicking an atom reference or set will open up the parent model select the given object and scroll the model so that the object becomes visible 4 5 The Model Editor 4 5 1 The Editing Window When a model is selected for editing an Editor window opens up to allow editing of that model The Editor window shows the contents of the selecte
250. the bag 2 11 ocl Sequence 2 11 1 2 11 2 The type ocl Sequence represents the mathematical concept of sequence Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as Sequence Its supertype is ocl Collection Operators operator sequencel ocl Sequence sequence2 ocl Sequence ocl Boolean Returns true if the size of sequencel and sequence2 are the same and if at each position the elements are equals to each other 143 GME Manual and User Guide 2 11 3 operator lt gt sequencel ocl Sequence sequence2 ocl Sequence ocl Boolean Returns t rue if size of sequencel and sequence2 are not the same or if at least one position exists in which elements are not equal operator sequencel ocl Sequence sequence2 ocl Sequence ocl Sequence Returns the concatenation of sequencel and sequence2 Methods ocl Sequence union sequence ocl Sequence ocl Sequence Returns the concatenation of the sequence and sequence ocl Sequence append any ocl Any ocl Sequence Returns the sequence whose last element is any ocl Sequence prepend any ocl Any ocl Sequence Returns the sequence whose first element is any ocl Sequence first lt innerType gt Returns the first element of the sequence If the sequence is empty an exception is thrown and undefined is returned ocl Sequence last lt innerType gt Returns the last element
251. then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned gme FCO memberOfSets kind ocl String ocl Set gme Set D gme FCO memberOfSets kind ocl Type ocl Set gme Set Returns a set of sets of GME that contains this fco If kind is specified then only those sets of GME whose kind is kind will be returned If the kind of kind i e the meta kind is not gme Set then an exception is thrown and undefined is returned 3 4 gme Connection The meta kind gme Connection corresponds to the well known UML meta type called Association Class 3 4 1 Aliases Super Meta Type This meta kind can also be accessed as Connect ion Its super meta kind is gme FCO 3 4 2 Methods gme Connection connectionPoints role ocl String ocl Set gme ConnectionPoint gme Connection connectionPoint role ocl String gme ConnectionPoint The first call returns a set of connection points association ends of the connection If role is specified then the role of the points has to match role The second call ease the access only one connection point 3 5 gme Reference The meta kind gme Reference is a special meta kind of GME It can be considered to be a pointer to an fco 3 5 1 Aliases Super Meta Type This meta kind can also be accessed as Reference Its super meta kind is gme FCO 3 5 2 Methods gme Reference usedByConnPoints kind ocl String ocl Set gme
252. tion is made to the code which will not affect the component s behavior A component might set the namespace it is interested in i e the default namespace with a IMgaTerritory SetNamespace method call Raw COM component authors are probably familiar with IMgaTerritories and their relationship with Transactions and interpreters BON2 component users need not deal with Territories and Transactions as it is enough to call the BON ProjectImpl setNmspc method By setting the default namespace as mentioned above a component can access kind names in their shorter form without the namespace prefix in case an element is from the default namespace For elements in other namespaces than the default one the kindname still will be a fully qualified one with the namespace as a prefix Thus if an interpreter asks for all children with MyModel kind short form it will get back only those MyMode1 elements which are have lt lt defaultNamespace gt gt MyMode1 kind and will not be confused with elements of lt lt anotherNamespace gt gt MyMode1 kind If a default namespace 44 GME Manual and User Guide is set and a lt lt defaultNamespace gt gt MyModel element is queried for its kind it will return MyModel1 only if lt lt anotherNamespace gt gt MyMode1 object is queried for its kind it will return lt lt anotherNamespace gt gt MyModel Add ons and decorators require more care than
253. tion does allow it The names of the parameters must be unique and cannot be either self or the name of the context For the time being this constraint type is not fully implemented because so far it has not been a requirement for GME and UDM context lt contextName gt lt typeName gt lt featureName gt lt paramName gt lt paramType gt lt paramName gt lt paramType gt lt typeName gt pre lt constraintName gt lt expression gt e g context Person GetSalary month int real pre ValidMonth se context p Person CheckOut pre 1 3 3 Post conditions A constraint can be a Post condition A post condition can be associated with any behavioral feature In order to define the context of the constraint the user has to specify the name the parameters and the returned type of the feature In a post condition the parameters of the feature can be accessed as variables and the returned value can be accessed via a special variable called result Although the original OCL does not allow the renaming of self in preconditions this implementation does allow it The names of the parameters must be unique and cannot be either self result or the name of the context The special postfix operator pre may only be used in a post condition This feature is not implemented yet For the time being this constraint type
254. traint Function returns Contained in ConstraintFunc 70 GME Manual and User Guide Rolename Stereotype Type displayed Typeinfo displayed Version information Viewable Text field that gives the rolename that the FCO will have in the Connection There are two different possible default values src and dst depending upon whether the connection was made from the Connector to the FCO or the FCO to the Connector Default value src or dst Contained in SourceToConnector ConnectorToSource Enumeration field that specifies how a Constraint Function can be called e attribute s method Default value method Contained in ConstraintFunc A boolean checkbox that decides whether the name of Type or Subtype of an Instance has to be displayed or not Default value Unchecked Contained in FCO Atom Model Set A boolean checkbox that decides whether T S or T letter is displayed according to that the concrete model is Type Subtype or Instance A model does not have any sign if it is not in type inheritance Default value Checked Contained in Model A text field translated into a comment within the paradigm output file The user is responsible for updating this field Contained in Paradigm A boolean checkbox that decides whether or not to display the attribute in the paradigm If the state is unchecked then the attribute will be defined in the metamode
255. tributes which are similar except for the type of event to which they refer They are all boolean checkboxes that give the constraint manager the authority to check this constraint when certain events occur e g Model creation deletion connecting two 69 GME Manual and User Guide objects For more information on the semantics of these events please refer to Section 10 Constraint Manager e On close model e On new child e On delete e On disconnect e On connect e On derive e On change property e On change assoc e On exclude from set e On include in set e On move e On create e On change attribute e On lost child e On refer e On unrefer Default value Unchecked Contained in Constraint Port icon Text field that gives the name of a file to be displayed as the port icon for this object If no entry is made for this field but the object is a port then the normal icon will be scaled to port size Contained in Atom Set Reference Model Priority 1 High Enumeration of the possible levels of priority of this constraint For more information on constraint priority refer to Section 10 Constraint Manager Contained in Constraint Prompt A text field translated into the prompt of an attribute It is in exact WYSIWYG format i e no or is appended to the end Contained in EnumAttr BooleanAttr FieldAttr Return type Text field that specifies the type a Cons
256. ttings will preserve the customization data for both types of routings Hitting Ctrl D clears the preferences settings 29 GME Manual and User Guide Figure 13 Connection AutoRouting settings Attributes Preferences Properties EB Connection Preferences E s auto routed If the user turns off the default auto routing policy and the model doesn t contain specific policies for connections all of the routes will be fully customizable If there isn t any stored customization data the previously mentioned conversion routine will store the auto routed path points as the manual connection path points 4 9 1 3 Switching routing policy on per model basis On the model s Preferences page in Attribute Browser you can find a setting similar to individual connections but it is under the Auto Router Preferences group in that case Figure 14 Model AutoRouting settings Attributes Preferences Properties A E Auto Router Preferences B auto routed te 2 E Miscellaneous Preferences al This is the highest precedence level preference so it overrides the per model basis settings and the global GME settings 4 9 1 4 Auto routed connection The customization information which specifies or modifies a certain topology remains valid until the number of edges that make up the connection line changes or if a box collision situation emerges as a result of the customization In these cases the customization data will b
257. ual C select GME then the Decorator template Give the project a name then hit OK The wizard generates UUIDs CLSIDs GUIDs automatically and does every required modification to the skeleton code Figure 27 Starting the Decorator Wizard New Project el Project types Templates MET Framework 3 5 aaa gt Visual C Visual Studio installed templates ATL CLR YF GME BON 2 Component General PaE BON Component Pae Raw Component MFC P LDM Interpreter Smart Device Test My Templates Win32 GME qisearch Online Templates Wix Other Languages Other Project Types Test Projects l Decorator Wizard Name Decorator Location C temp Plugin probe Browse Solution Create new Solution Create directory for solution 55 GME Manual and User Guide The resulting configuration is a ready to compile Visual Studio 2008 Solution leveraging capabilites of the new DecoratorLib library and shows the same demo features as the NewSample sample decorator code The user is expected to implement the component by modifying appropriate files of the skeleton code For further details see the section on DecoratorLib and decorator example codes After building the project the decorator d11 is registered 7 4 Using the Decorator sample skeleton codes The recommended method for decorator development is the Decorator Wizard see previous section
258. uide 10 2 7 3 Add and Remove constraints With the Add and the Remove buttons the user may add and remove constraints from the model In the model constraints cannot be either added or removed from the libraries and the paradigm Constraint Definitions can be created only in the paradigm Modeler constraints can be specified similarly to a paradigm s constraints The context can be only kinds rather than types subtypes or instances The set of the objects can be restricted with the constraint enabling mechanism 10 2 7 4 Enable and disable constraints Figure 53 Enable constraints restrict the context of constraints Constraint Browser i Constraints Kinds and Types Settings _ RootFolder OR Circuit He meta Circuit Constraint_to_XOR lt DUM newcircuit OQ meta Circuit Constraint_to_XOR DH or DG meta circuit Constraint_to_XOR Cancel Cx Apply For each object and constraint pair the user may set a special enable flag If the constraint is disabled for an object then the constraint will be evaluated on the object only if the user checks it explicitly Nevertheless there are some exceptions when the enable flag cannot be changed e Critical constraints defined in the paradigm or in a library are always enabled e Flags cannot be changed for the objects residing in a library The user can change these flags in the Kinds and Types page of the Constraint Browser dialog T
259. ulated It has state identity and behavior The purpose of the GME is to create and manipulate these models Other components of the MGA deal with interpreting these models and using them in various contexts e g analysis software synthesis etc Some modeling paradigms have several kinds of models For instance e in a signal processing paradigm there can be Primitive Blocks for simple operators and Compound Blocks which may contain both primitive blocks and other compound blocks for compound operators e ina multiprocessor architecture modeling paradigm there can be models for computational Nodes and models for Networks formed from those nodes A model typically has parts other objects contained within the model Parts come in these varieties e atoms or atomic parts s other models e references which can be thought of as pointers to other objects e sets which can contain other parts and e connections If a model contains parts we say that the model is the parent of its parts Parts can have various attributes A special attribute associated with atomic parts allows them to be designated as link parts Link parts act as connection points between models usually used to indicate some form of association relationship or dataflow between two or more models Models containing other models as parts are called compound GME Manual and User Guide models Models that cannot contain other models are called primitive mo
260. ur label This can reside outside of the object GME will call Set Location before this method HRESULT GetLocation out long sx out long sy out long ex out long ey Return the coordinates you got in Set Location HRESULT SetActive in VARIANT_BOOL isActive GME calls this method with VARIANT_FALSE if your object must be shown in gray color Eg GME was switched into set mode By default the decorator should paint its object with the active color HRESULT DrawEx in HDC hdc in ULONGLONG gdip You should draw the graphical representation of the decorator using the supplied Gdiplus Graphics object You have all the required information when this method is called Because a Windows Gdiplus Graphics is supplied the decorator has to be an in process server HDC is provided only for backward compatibility it is highly recommended to use the Gdiplus Graphics interface DecoratorUtils facility makes drawing of bitmaps shapes and text very easy HRESULT SaveState Because this is the only method your decorator is in read write transaction mode it has to backup all the permanent data here HRESULT Destroy A destructor like function Releasing all your COM pointers only if it is needed so if the pointer is not an intelligent auto pointer like CComPt r lt Ixyz gt and allocated resources is a good practice here HRESULT SetSelected in VARIANT_BOOL isSelected 48 GME Manual and User
261. ve GME a hint about the size of the object to be drawn You can compute this information based on the inner structure of the object or based on a bitmap size or even you can read these values from the registry of the object However GME may not take this information into account when it calls your Set Location method All the size and location parameters are in logical units Note that GME really tries to preserve the size what you specified but because of grid snapping logics and other reasons the final size of the decorator can differ with couple of pixels HRESULT GetPorts out retval IMgaFCOs portFCOs If your decorator supports ports it should give back a collection of MGA objects that are drawn as ports inside the decorator GME uses this method along with successive calls on Get PortLocation to figure out where can it find port objects HRESULT SetLocation in long sx in long sy in long ex in long ey You have to draw your object exactly to this position in this size There is no exemption to this GME always calls this method before DrawEx HRESULT GetPortLocation in IMgaFCO fco out long sx out long sy out long tex our long ey See description of Get Ports Position coordinates are relative to the parent object HRESULT GetLabelLocation out long sx out long sy out long ex out long ey If you support label drawing you have to specify the location of the textbox of yo
262. vigation History o Open model in multiple views Enable Event Logging Mouse Over Object Notify Console Timestamping Edge Smooth mode High Quality Mode Font Smooth mode Anti Alias 20 GME Manual and User Guide If you find that your monitor displays the lines in a blurry manner edge font smoothing or also called anti aliasing can be the source of the problem besides the monitor s settings If you turn off the anti aliasing completely you will have a more crisp outline of curves and fonts but it can be also not nice to the human eyes With these setting the choice is upon you Multi User Active Users Multi User Subversion After a project has been loaded or created the following menu items are active Constraints Check All Invokes the Constraint Manager to check all constraints for the entire project Constraints Display Constraints All the constraints defined in the meta model are displayed These constraints can be disabled globally or on object basis in this dialog Options of constraints evaluation are also available Register Components Registers an interpreter DLL with the current paradigm A dialog box appears that makes it possible to register as many interpreters as the user wishes Multi User Refresh SourceControl Status Multi User Show Owner Once a Model Editor window is open the following additional items become avail
263. wercase character is used as role 127 GME Manual and User Guide In standard OCL if a navigation using role is ambiguous then the association end can be accessed by the name of the type at the association end If the names of the types are ambiguous as well then this navigation is not available From an association end the association class es can be accessed using the name of the association class starting with a lowercase character If the association is recursive then the role of the starting point i e association end has to follow the name of the association class in brackets If the roles are ambiguous then the association class is not accessible To navigate from the association class to association end the role of the association end has to be used If it is ambiguous then the name of the type at the association end must be used The ambiguity rules are the same as before Navigating from the association class always results in one object a consequence of the definition of the association class Composition is considered to be a special association but there is no difference in OCL In extensions of OCL it is likely that features defined by meta types are mapped to special associations with special roles The ambiguity rules can be eased by extensions of OCL but it may lead to errors in those implementations because they follow the strict rules of OCL wow lt roleName gt lt typeName gt l
264. which does not contain any objects which are equal to any 144 GME Manual and User Guide 2 11 4 Iterators ocl Sequence select boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Sequence Returns a sequence containing all elements for which boolExpr evaluated to true ocl Sequence reject boolExpr ocl Boolean ocl Sequence Returns a sequence containing all elements for which boolExpr evaluated to false ocl Sequence collect anyExpr ocl Any ocl Sequence Returns a sequence containing elements which are returned by anyExpr applied to each element of the sequence 145 GME Manual and User Guide 3 GME Kinds and Meta Kinds This section discusses the meta kinds and predefined kinds of GME and all features are described in detail Features which are already deprecated are marked with D All features throw an exception if the object is null 3 1 gme Object The meta kind ocl Object is the super meta kind of all meta kinds of GME It can be contained by folders 3 1 1 Aliases Super Meta Kind This meta kind can also be accessed as Object 3 1 2 Operators operator objectl gme Object object gme Object ocl Boolean Returns true if object is the same as object 2 This equality means that the objects IDs are the same operator lt gt objectl gme Object object gme Object ocl Boolean Returns true if object 1 is not the same as ob ject 2 This
265. working in GME These components are very similar to interpreters though they are paradigm independent For example a plug in can be developed to search or locate objects based on some user defined criteria like the value of an attribute The third types of these components are add ons i e components that can react to GME events sent by the COM Mga Layer These components are very useful to make GME a run time executional environment or to write more sophisticated paradigm dependent or independent extensions 9 1 Builder Object Network version 1 0 9 1 1 What Does the BON Do The component interface is implemented on the top of the COM interface When the user initiates model interpretation the component interface creates the so called Builder Object Network BON The builder object network mirrors the structure of the models each model atom reference connection etc has a corresponding builder object This way the interface shields the user from the lower level details of the COM interface and provides support for easy traversal of the models along either the containment hierarchy the connections or the references The builder classes provide general purpose functionality The builder objects are instances of these predefined paradigm independent classes For simple paradigm specific or any kind of paradigm independent components they are all the user needs For more complicated components the builder classes can be extended with inher
266. y no nested library can be refreshed in a host project In such a case the user needs to go down to the very bottom of the cascading libraries i e open them in GMB and refresh them in their containing project then do an upward step by step refresh Note The refresh feature creates a new version of the library regardless of whether or not the library was altered Note It is recommended to carefully check the models after a refresh operation especially if non trivial changes were applied to the library 6 1 1 Data file compatibility issues The downside of modifying the internal representation of elements assigning unique ids is that backward compatibility was broken in case of XML files A model created with a new version of GME and exported as a xme file will not be read by older GME releases The forward compatibility in case of xme files is trivial unique ids are assigned on the fly when importing files created with old versions of GME Binary forward compatibility mga files is also made possible with an on the fly assignment of unique ids upon the OpenProject operation 6 2 Libraries and Metamodeling Metamodels can be composed easily using the library feature If a metamodeler attaches a library to a host metamodel then the metainterpreter will create a composite paradigm which corresponds to the union of the two metamodels The host metamodel without the library might define a paradigm and the library itself might
267. y capable of dealing with file drop operations hDropInfo Handle to a native Win32 internal drop structure Use the DragQueryFile Win32 API function to query and treat this handle For a simple example you may take a look at the NewSample decorator code in the SDK Decorator Examples directory For the explanation of the coordinate and coordinate transformation parameters see DragEnter function 7 2 The IMgaElementDecoratorEvents interface On the IMgaElementDecorator interface GME can communicate towards the decorators Since the new decorators supposed to be able to initiate label editing resize and other operations an interface is needed through which the decorator can communicate back to GME This is the IMgaElementDecoratorEvents interface One of the main reasons for that is because of a thing mentioned earlier GME always calls IMgaElementDecorator methods in a read only MGA transaction Because GME refreshes the view after every operation a decorator cannot open a transaction because the refresh includes the destruction of the decorator itself and a creation of a new decorator For that reason GME should open and commit the transaction associated to the needed operation somehow This is done with the help of IMgaElementDecoratorEvents interface Usually events which signal some kind of operation start can open a transaction on the GME s side Often for performance reasons the transaction is only opened in th
268. y of a connection First a check is made to determine if the two types of objects are allowed to be connected together Second the direction of the connection needs to be checked To make connections the modeler must place the GME in the Add Connections mode This is done by clicking on the Connections mode button see figure to left on the Modebar A connection always connects two parts If the part is an icon that represents a model it may have some connection points or links Logically a link is a port through which the model is connected to another part within the parent model Links on a model icon represent specific parts contained in the model that are involved in a connection In these cases when the connection is established care should be taken to build the connection with the right link The link shows up on the icon of the model part as a miniature icon with a label When the connection is built the system uses these miniature icons as sensitive pads where connections may start or end Moving the mouse cursor over one of the pads shows the complete name of the link part Furthermore not only atoms but models sets and references except for connections can act as a ports Some examples of connections and links are as follows e Connections between dataflow blocks in a signal processing paradigm e Connections between processes on a process flow sheet of a chemical engineering paradigm e Connections between failure mod
269. y root is indicated with a special icon and if the browser displays access icons all library objects are marked to indicate read only access To import a library in a project use the Attach library command of the Model Browser context menu It is possible to attach libraries to folders only The folder that receives the library must be a legal container in the root folder according to the paradigm Since many paradigms do not allow the root folder to be instantiated at other points in the model tree the root folder of any project is exempt from this rule i e it is possible to attach a library to the root folder even if the paradigm does not allow that If the original library project changes it is not automatically reflected in the projects that import it It is possible however to refresh the imported library images through the Refresh library function in the browser context menu It is possible to specify an alternate name for the library in case it has been moved for example 6 1 Library Refresh To support a successful refresh a GME model has GUIDs unique ids that are assigned to each FCO and Folder This enables the correct and unambiguous restoration of relationships upon a Refresh Library operation Generally speaking a refresh operation consists of restoring every relation which crosses the host project library border These relationships are as follows e areference in the host project pointing to a library element
270. ype can also be accessed as Any 2 1 2 Operators operator anyl ocl Any any2 ocl Any ocl Boolean operator anyl ocl Any any2 ocl Any ocl Boolean Returns true if any1 is the same as any2 This equality means identity any1 or any2 may be undefined If only one of them is undefined then the result is false if both of them are undefined the result is true operator anyl ocl Any any2 ocl Any ocl Boolean operator lt gt anyl ocl Any any2 ocl Any ocl Boolean Returns true if any1 is not the same as any2 This equality means identity any1 or any2 may be undefined If only one of them is undefined then the result is true if both of them are undefined the result is false 2 1 3 Methods ocl Any oclIsTypeOf type ocl Type ocl Boolean Returns t rue if any is an instance of type type can be a simple name but not a compound name So far this method cannot be used to check type conformity ocl Set ocl Any as argument is invalid only ocl Set is valid If the specified type is invalid or if there is no type having this name the method throws an exception and returns undefined ocl Any oclIsKindOf type ocl Type ocl Boolean Returns t rue if any is an instance of type or if any descendants of type For further information see ocl Any oclisTypeOf ocl Any oclAsType type ocl Type This is actually a static type
271. ype2 operator lt gt typel ocl Type type2 ocl Type ocl Boolean Returns true if type1 is not equal to type2 2 8 ocl Collection The type ocl Collection represents the supertype of ocl Set ocl Sequence and ocl Bag 139 GME Manual and User Guide 2 8 1 Aliases Supertypes This type can be accessed as Collection Its supertype is ocl Any 2 8 2 Attributes ocl Collection size ocl Integer Returns the number of elements in the collection 2 8 3 Methods There are methods which depend on the equality In these methods equality is used rather than identity Some methods return different types depending on the context For example if the user includes a real in a collection containing integers then the method returns a collection of reals because the common ascendant type of ocl Real and ocl Integer is ocl Real This effect comes from OCL 1 4 inconsistency In OCL 2 0 this aspect of collections is better defined ocl Collection isEmpty ocl Boolean Returns t rue if the collection does not contain any elements ocl Collection notEmpty ocl Boolean Returns t rue if the collection contains at least one element ocl Collection includes any ocl Any ocl Boolean Returns t rue if the collection contains any ocl Collection excludes any ocl Any ocl Boolean Returns t rue if the collection does not contain any ocl Collection count any

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