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DEC-12-SQ1A-D AIPOS Users Manual May71

1. NNN NNNNNNNNNA me AAASAAAAASAAA N u O O lt CL LLI y S DEC 12 SQ1A D AIPOS USER S MANUAL For additional copies order No DEC 12 SQ1lA D from Program Library Digital Equipment Corporation Maynard Mass 01754 Price 5 00 First Printing May 1971 Your attention is invited to the last two pages of this document The How to Obtain Software Information page tells you how to keep up to date with DEC s software The Reader s Comments page when filled in and mailed is beneficial to both you and DEC all comments received are acknowledged and are considered when documenting subsequent manuals Copyright 1971 by Digital Equipment Corporation The information in this manual is for information purposes and is subject to change without notice The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corpora tion Maynard Massachusetts DEC PDP FLIP CHIP FOCAL DIGITAL COMPUTER LAB OMNIBUS UNIBUS ii PREFACE The PDP 12 laboratory computer is prominent as a powerful assistant to scientific research Now as the PDP 12 LDP system a complete total ly integrated data acquisition and manipulation facility is available for both low and high speed laboratory instruments This manual de tails the operation of the software for the LDP system AIPOS Chapter l includes a full explanation of the operation of the scope assisted function loader Job Control including optimization of availa
2. A B amp C D E F G H I J K L 1 M 2 N 3 O 4 P 5 Q 6 R 7 S 8 T 9 U V W lt X Y gt Z SHIFT K SHIFT L LINE FEED SHIFT M RETURN ALTMODE gt RUBOUT SPACE CONTROL I TAB A 4 USING INIT The initialization program INIT creates LINCtapes and disks that can be used by the LDP system by placing the necessary index information and the AIPOS system Monitor and Job Control on the tape To prepare an LDP tape disk 1 Start the LDP system by the appropriate procedure in Appendix A When the initial Job Control display appears type INIT and press the return key The first display of the INIT program appears LDP UNIT TO INITIALIZE LT 7 LINCTAPE DK 3 DISK REPLY Type the mnemonic unit code for the device containing the volume to be initialized for the LDP system This volume must be a marked LINCtape or formatted disk Then press the return key RETURN may be pressed alone as the reply to this display to return to Job Control When an acceptable response is typed the next display appears ENTER UP TO TEN CHARACTERS FOR VOLUME IDENTIFICATION REPLY Up to ten printing DIAL characters may be typed in for volume identification purposes The information entered this time appears as the first entry in an index dis play DX It may be helpful to use the date created as the volume identifier After the volume ident
3. INTEGRATE 2 19 INTERP 3 6 Inverse subtraction Invert display 2 23 I O device specification 2 22 L 2 Job control 1 1 commands 1 3 messages 1 3 returning to 1 7 Knobs A D 2 7 moving cursors 2 moving display 2 6 5 LINE FEED 1 2 Loader program 1 1 Math commands 2 12 binary 2 21 unary 2 13 Messages 1 3 job control l 3 SYSTEM NO SYSTEM Mnemonic unit codes MOVE command 2 9 1 8 L 2 3 4 NORMALIZE command 2 19 Unary commands 2 13 Offset X axis OFFX command 2 22 Offset Y axis OFFY command 2 13 PLOT command 2 24 PRINT request 3 5 Program loader 1 1 CALIBRATE X AXIS 2 15 CALIBRATE Y AXIS 2 16 DIFFERENTIATE 2 20 INTEGRATE 2 19 NORMALIZE 2 19 OFFSET Y AXIS 2 13 SCALE 2 17 SMOOTH 2 21 STRIP BASELINE 2 17 STRIP PEAK 2 18 Unit RUBOUT 1 2 codes mnemonic 1 2 default 1 5 SCALE 2 17 VIEW 2 22 Sense switches 2 5 2 7 SMOOTH 2 21 STRIP BASELINE command 2 17 Work area 1 7 STRIP PEAK command 2 18 SUBTRACT command SUB 2 21 inverse subtraction 2 22 Switches sense 2 5 2 7 System functions l 1 SYSTEM NO SYSTEM message 1 8 TRANSFER command 3 4 assignment DORA 2 1 T 2 2 pr 2 2 l 2 2 HOW TO OBTAIN SOFTWARE INFORMATION Announcements for new and revised software as well as programming notes software problems and documentation corrections are published by Software Information Service in the following n
4. the smaller peaks may not be sufficiently resolved The NORMALIZE command performs two functions 1 Brings the entire file within scope limits 2 Enlarges the file so that user s specified maxi mum and minimum points are the scope Y axis limits This function requires that both cursors be as Signed to the spectrum NORMALIZE does not change the data in the working area Instead the necessary constants are stored with the data so that the file displayed after other commands includes the effect of the NORMALIZE command leaving the actual data unaltered To normalize the entire file to scope limits issue the command as NORM alpha where alpha is T or B for the file to be normalized The second function enlarges small peaks by normalizing them to the scope limits Position the cursors so that one defines the Y axis minima and the other the Y axis maxima and type the command as NORM alpha C The entire file is enlarged and Y values that are larger than 377 appear as points at the top of the scope and those smaller than 377 appear as points at the bottom 2 8 8 INTEGRATE An integration can be performed for a displayed spectrum that uses the algorithm 2 19 n A po alee a isg 2 AX where AX X a X The X values used are the calibrated values resulting from a preced ing CALX command if issued The first data value of the file is as signed a value of The command format is INT alpha C wher
5. B If the alpha parameter is omitted cursor is assigned to file T and cursor l to file B The command is then simply AS CU The initial DORA display places the two cursors in the default loca tion both on file T If this cursor assignment is satisfactory for the current set of data there is no need to issue an ASSIGN CURSORS command 2 5 2 FREE CURSORS A FREE CURSORS command can be issued to free fixed cursors at any time and is in the format FRCU numeric where numeric is or l If no numeric parameter is supplied both Cursors are freed When a subsequent ASSIGN CURSORS command is issued there is no change in the free state of a cursor Thus an ASSIGN CURSORS command in the form ASCU associates cursor with file T and cursor l with file B and leaves both cursors in the free state 2 5 3 FIX CURSORS After the cursors have been freed by a FREE CURSORS command they may be fixed by issuing a command FXCU numeric where numeric is or 1 If no numeric argument is typed both cursors are fixed Each cursor will be assigned to the point on the spectrum with the same X value as the cursor at the time the FIX CURSORS command is issued 2 6 FILE MANIPULATION COMMANDS DORA provides capabilities for moving displayed data files and for sav ing input files permitting file manipulation facilities without having to return to Job Control 2 6 1 MOVE After calling DORA from Job Control the first in
6. TRANS Change the data format of the file during a file transfer PRINT Print a data file and its header on the Teletype DISHDR Display the header information of a data file on the scope FIXHDR Create and store the primary header block INTERP Interpolate input file to a specified output file size CREATE Create data files on tape or disk Any of the seven file handling functions is requested by typing the code for that function and the files it is to use in the same manner as any other call to Job Control at any time when the system is under Job Control 3 2 DATA FORMATS Some of the file handling functions TRANS INTERP CREATE require specification of the file s data format There are four acceptable data formats single precision signed integers double precision signed integers double precision signed fractions floating point After requesting those functions a message is displayed to permit specification of the output file format Iho not use the Alias or Rename feature of the DISPLAY INDEX function to rename any of the file handling commands oe OUTPUT FORMAT L S P INT 2 D P INT 3 D P FRAC 4 FLT PT REPLY The format is specified by typing the appropriate number 1 4 and press ing RETURN A reply other than 1 to 4 causes the message to be redis played An input file that is not an AIPOS file also requires format specification For that purpose the above message is displayed wi
7. acceptable range is 999 999 lt K lt 999 999 Decimal points may be included providing accuracy of 1 in 10 The values may also be signed Thus acceptable constants include 3 14159 14 0067 3 045 96487 Note that exponential notation is illegal when specifying a constant For the commands requiring constants a line feed can be typed before the last value is supplied to abort the command and request another 2 8 1 OFFSET Y AXIS The range of a displayed spectrum along the Y axis is initially the raw data values but can be modified to produce a zero baseline to view the maxima of strong absorption peaks or to prepare the spectrum for a subsequent DORA command The amount of offset is specified by locating one cursor at the point on the spectrum to have a Y value of zero That value is subtracted from all the points in the data file The point where the cursor is located will have a Y axis value of zero in the file 2 13 The Y axis offset operation is specified as follows l Locate one cursor at the point on the curve to be the zero value The other cursor can not be associated with the file to be offset Use an ASSIGN CURSORS command if necessary 2 Issue the command in the form OFFY alpha where alpha is T or B whichever file is to be moved Press RETURN The calculation is performed and the result displayed on the scope All scope displays are relative to a pair of normalization constants Associated with eac
8. either displays an error message or attempts to make the file name acceptable All commands are interpreted sequentially and as much as is coherent to DORA will be executed 2 3 WORKING AREA ASSIGNMENT DORA is requested from Job Control by a function call in the general form dev DORA outdev outfile indev infile indev sinfile au i 2 g 1 1 2 1 where outfile is an output file and infile and infile are input files More than two input files can be specified in the function call but DORA accepts only the first two requested These files must be in floating point format if they are not they must be reformatted using the AIPOS TRANSFER function refer to section 3 4 2 After the input files are specified to Job Control DORA creates three working areas each of which initially contains a copy of one of the original files and which will during processing contain the current version of the data files These areas are referred to as working areas l and T Initially working areas 1 and T each contain a copy of infile and working area contains a copy of infile This initial allocation can be considered graphically infile infile input files WA a WAg working areas The constants and 1 are used in DORA commands to refer to the files in working areas and 1 Using the DORA commands files and 1 can be modified but the original data files are always left untouched Thus working areas and 1 are temporar
9. index shown Its messages are SPECIFIED FILE DOES NOT EXIST A nonexistent file was requested SORRY NEW NAME ALREADY EXISTS New name after R or A is already associated with a file INDEX IS FULL This alias request can not be filled because there is no more room in the index of this volume B 3 MONITOR Under certain conditions the Monitor may detect programming or unre coverable hardware errors In this event an error message is printed on the console Teletype am it halts near location 712 The LDP system should then be reloaded The errors are Message Meaning 22 Attempt to execute an unimplemented Monitor command May also be caused by jumping to page zero illegally 71 Too many interrupt pushes probably routine which called INTPSH did not call INTPOP 22 Too many interrupt pops opposite of l Message Meaning 23 Too many SETINTs Program is setting up too many interrupt handlers and not deleting unused ones 4 Invalid I O unit I O request for a nonexistent unit 5 I O request on a busy control block Program failed to wait for completion of the preceding operation 6 Unrecoverable disk error B 4 DORA DORA has its own set of error messages to indicate an illegal operation or request that can not be completed The message is printed on the Teletype as a question mark and a two digit number The meaning of each code follows If the display has been cleared to execute the com mand the display
10. is reactivated after the error message 1s printed Code Meaning 249 Undefined command illegal characters or command can not be performed on requested file 4l Improper syntax too many characters illegal file names or any syntax error in command 42 Illegal parameter string illegal characters string too long or too short or undefined file requested 43 Invalid command file requested is not currently visible on Scope 44 Cursor error cursors positioned improperly 45 OFFX error too few or too many points to move 46 FPP arithmetic error number out of acceptable range 47 Division by zero requested this is an illegal opera t on 48 Illegal value numeric input outside of acceptable range or CALY cursor error 49 Invalid files no input files requested or an input file is in an illegal format e g binary Returns to Job Control 258 Working area too small input file does not fit in asSigned working area Returns to Job Control 251 INVR error an operation between cursors can not be performed on an inverted file 52 Vertical OFFX error OFFX is not needed because cur sors are positioned on identical file points B 3 B 5 FILE HANDLING FUNCTIONS The following error messages can be printed during a file handling op eration Code Meaning 61 Illegal device 62 Insufficient output area 64 Illegal load file 65 Not an LDP data file B 6 BUIID INIT To resume operation a
11. is still available LEN on the volume for additional files The WORK AREA entry is not displayed if either the volume or its index is full The first user file is entry number 3 the volume identification the Monitor and Job Control are entries 1 and 2 respectively The first six entries in the index are displayed as a frame when the index iS initially called A different set of six index entries can be displayed the index can be printed a file can be deleted or re titled or an alias can be assigned by typing the appropriate key as indicated in the following table Key Function F Move display forward 1 frame B Move display backward 1 frame line feed Move display forward 1 line alt mode Move display backward 1 line L Locate display for a file P Print the index on the Teletype D Delete a file R Rename a file remove old name A Create an alias for a file return Return to Job Control If F is typed the next six entries in the index are displayed or the last six entries if there are not six more conversely if B is typed the previous six entries are displayed F or B can be typed as many times as necessary to examine any section of the index When P is typed the index currently displayed and header information for the volume are printed on the Teletype In addition the message SYSTEM or NO SYSTEM is printed after the index information so that the user will know if this is a system volume A specific file en
12. on the scope OUTPUT SIZE REPLY Type the decimal number of points desired and press RETURN Thus the sequence of responses LT INTERP LT3 RNA LT1 RNA 4 229 interpolates file RNA on LINCtape unit 1 to a file of 28 floating point format points on LINCtape unit 3 called RNA 3 4 7 CREATE A data file can be built by typing in the values on the Teletype in the order desired and pressing RETURN after each Only the output file and device need to be specified in the CREATE call to Job Control To create a file on LINCtape unit 3 and call it PYRINE the call for a LINCtape system is LT CREATE LT3 PYRINE Scientific exponential or decimal notation may be used for entering the values Exponential numbers are specified as aEtb where a is a six digit decimal number and b is a three digit decimal number in the range to 599 Both formats can include a decimal point and can be signed Up to six digits of accuracy can be obtained Examples of acceptable values are 19 TE 198 5875 18 1E 1 105875E 2 1dE l 1 QE 1 185875E 4 If an unacceptable value is entered a question mark and carriage return line feed are echoed on the Teletype and the incorrect value is ignored When all values have been entered type CTRL S to store the data in the specified file and return to Job Control CHAPTER 4 FOCAL 12 4 1 USING FOCAL 12 The AIPOS system allows its users to acquire reformat transfer mani pulate and display
13. order along the X axis can be assigned to a spectrum at a time by setting the cursor to the proper location Only one cursor can be associated with the spectrum for this calibration an ASSIGN CURSORS command may therefore be necessary The assigned values are stored with the data file so that future X axis operations such as baseline stripping utilize the new parameters for the display but the actual data values are unaltered This calibra tion facility is particularly useful for spectra with wide areas that are not of interest To calibrate the X axis l Call the routine by typing the command CALX alpha where alpha is T for the top curve or B for the bottom curve Press the RETURN key 2 After the message K is printed on the Teleype rotate the cursor assigned to the curve via its A D knob to locate the cursor at the desired point on the curve The other cursor can not be associated with the spectrum being modified When the cursor is correctly located type the value to be assigned to the X axis at that point followed by a carriage return 3 The same message K is printed again so that a second value may be assigned to the spectrum Remember that the Xraxis values must be specified in increasing order along the X axis but any value K can be assigned to any lo cation in the spectrum An error message and repeated request for the value of K will be printed if an attempt is made to assign a value in X axis coordina
14. the function call Thus legal calls include dev function outdev outfile sindev infile dev function outdev outfile dev function indev infile dev function When an input specification is omitted in a function call the follow ing message is displayed after the file format message INPUT ENTER DEV STARTING BLOCK POINTS AS Pxxxxxx OR BLOCKS AS Bxxx RETURN Note When input definition is required during a MOVE command the message is as follows INPUT ENTER DEV STARTING BLOCK BLOCKS RETURN REPLY Three parameters must be specified First a mnemonic unit code is typed followed by a colon to locate the file The starting block num ber octal is entered next and followed by a comma Legal block num bers are to 1577 for LINCtape and to 6257 for disk The file length is specified as number of points or number of blocks To indicate the number of points type P followed by a decimal number in the range 1 to 999 999 To indicate the number of blocks type pt followed by the octal number of blocks in the range 1 to 16 for tape and 1 to 626 for disk If the output file name was omitted the display is OUTPUT ENTER DEV STARTING BLOCK RETURN REPLY Respond to this display with the same parameter restrictions as the INPUT display There is no need to enter the number of blocks or number of points Both replies are terminated by pressing the return key An illegal response causes the message
15. the initially displayed files IFl IF input files working areas top scope bottom 2 4 1 Data Display when a new data file first appears on the display its largest point is displayed at the top of the scope and the smallest at the bottom 510 points are displayed along the X axis for floating point files if a file has less than 510 points enough of the file is redisplayed so that there are 510 points visible on the X axis The X range of the data is determined by a moving window so that the whole file can be scanned and any contiguous section of data can be displayed at a time by locating the window over that section The files may be displayed on a split scope with file T in the top half and file B in the bottom half or on a full scope with both files occu pying the full length of the scope Ihe scope values are single precision counterparts of the raw data and should be interpreted as relative values Thus a point in the middle of the scope can represent a value of 5 x 106 The scope is considered to have limits of 377 2 4 2 Moving the Displays Both the top and the bottom files can be moved horizontally at any time and the top file can be moved vertically but horizontal motion cannot be concurrent Thus the scope can be used to compare a modified spec trum with the original data or to compare an unknown spectrum with an identified curve The console Sense Switches are used to define the location and
16. way up the Y scale and is as signed a value of sixty then a point that is half way up the Y scale 50 automatically receives a value of 120 as determined by Yb 60 55 where percentage values are used for the half and quarter way points To calibrate the Y axis proceed as follows l Type CALY alpha where alpha is T or B 2 After the message K is printed use the A D knob as sociated with the cursor to locate it at the desired point on the spectrum The cursor can not be located at the bottommost 377 Y location when typing posi tive K values The other cursor can not be associ ated with this curve Then type in the relative value K in the equation above from 1 to 100 to be associated with this point When the command is executed the only visible change in the display is the cursor readout for the Y value 2 8 4 SCALE If the entire Y range of a set of data is too large or too small for a useful scope display each Y value in the file can be multiplied by a constant K to bring the data into a suitable range using the SCALE command The constant is specified in the same manner as the constant for the calibrate commands after issuing the command as SCA alpha where alpha is T or B for the top or bottom spectrum the message K is printed Type the scale factor and press RETURN The scaled spec trum is displayed in its portion of the scope and the file is altered in its working area The other spectrum is u
17. Area GLOSSARY A user specified six digit number which can include a decimal point A bright dot displayed on the scope that is moved via A D knobs and used to mark a parti cular location on a spectrum The device accessed by Job Control when a de vice specification is omitted in a function call A hardware storage unit LINCtape or RK8 disk drive An RK8 or tape drive set to a particular unit number A volume of data is mounted on the nit A named set of data stored on LINCtape or disk which can be displayed and modified A loading command issued to Job Control to call the desired program initialize the chosen in put files and create output files from the specified device The part of AIPOS that calls system functions and data files and creates storage files from a function call Used as the system loader A LINCtape drive set to a particular unit num ber A volume of data is mounted on the unit An alphanumeric abbreviation used to specify a device and unit number to Job Control The main controller for AIPOS Contains all I O and interrupt facilities decodes user in put and coordinates all AIPOS activities A data file is displayed by showing sections of the spectrum continuously across the scope Thus the portion displayed at any moment is that part of the file where the moving window is currently located Programs such as DORA TRANSFER and CREATE All of the stored data index and files ona ta
18. OL OR DIAL DISPLAY ORIENTED RESEARCH ANALYSIS DORA S CAPABILITIES COMMAND FORMAT WORKING AREA ASSIGNMENT USE OF THE DISPLAY SCOPE Data Display Moving the Displays Use of Cursors CURSOR COMMANDS ASSIGN CURSORS FREE CURSORS FIX CURSORS FILE MANIPULATION COMMANDS MOVE SAVE TYPES OF MATH COMMANDS UNARY COMMANDS OFFSET Y AXIS CALIBRATE X AXIS CALIBRATE Y AXIS SCALE STRIP BASELINE STRIP PEAK NORMALIZE INTEGRATE DIFFERENTIATE Page ix 22E 2 12 2 13 2 13 2 15 2 16 2 17 2 17 2 18 2 19 2 19 2 20 CONTENTS Page 2582 10 SMOOTH 2 21 2 9 BINARY COMMANDS 2 21 29 4 ADD 2 21 2 9 2 SUBTRACT 2 21 229 3 INVERSE SUBTRACTION 2 22 2 9 4 OFFSET X AXIS 2 22 2 10 DISPLAY COMMANDS 2 22 2 10 1 VIEW 2 22 210 2 INVERT DISPLAY 2 23 210 3 PLOT 2 24 CHAPTER 3 FILE HANDLING FUNCTIONS 3 1 3 1 FILE MANIPULATIONS 3 1 3 2 DATA FORMATS 3 1 3 3 FUNCTION CALL FORMAT 3 2 3 4 THE FUNCTIONS 3 4 3 4 1 MOVE 3 4 3 4 2 TRANSFER 3 4 3 4 3 PRINT 3 5 3 4 4 DISPLAY HEADER 3 5 3 4 5 FIX HEADER 3 6 3 4 6 INTERPOLATE 3 6 3 4 7 CREATE 3 7 CHAPTER 4 FOCAL 12 4 1 4 1 USING FOCAL 12 4 1 LOADING FOCAL 12 4 1 4 3 FOCAL 12 vs FOCAL 12 4 1 APPENDIX A SUMMARIES A 1 A l STARTING PROCEDURES A 1 A 1l 1 LINCtape A L Ave Disk AsL A 2 DORA COMMANDS A 2 A 3 LEGAL CHARACTERS A 3 A 4 USING INIT A 4 Vi APPENDIX B Dyl B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 APPENDIX C CONTENTS ERROR MESSAGES JOB CONTROL DISPLAY INDEX MONITOR DORA FILE HANDLING FUNC
19. REATE etc Tf L D A or Ris typed the following message appears on the scope above the index display ENTRY OR FILE NAME REPLY Type either the number or the name and extension of the entry to be manipulated as it appears in the display and press RETURN If this in dex operation is not to be performed press RETURN alone to redisplay the initial index display If L and a file name are entered the in dex displayed will include that file If D and a file designation are typed the deletion is performed immediately and the initial index dis play reappears If A or Ris typed and the file designation is valid a new message appears above the index display NEW FILE NAME REPLY Type the alias or the new name to be assigned to the file followed by a carriage return When the operation is completed the initial dis play with the modifications appears A carriage return is used to exit from the DISPLAY INDEX function and return to the initial display of Job Control incorporating all the changes requested on the volume If CTRL C is typed to return to Job Control during an index sequence none of the index changes entered since requesting DISPLAY INDEX from Job Control are recorded in the volume s index CHAPTER 2 DISPLAY ORIENTED RESEARCH ANALYSIS 2 1 DORA S CAPABILITIES After acquiring data from appropriately interfaced instrumentation the data files can be displayed and interpreted by requesting the AIPOS fun
20. S com mand can be issued to line up any two points on each spectra so that the spectra have common X axis values The cursors are used one on each spectrum to determine the corresponding points When the com mand is executed the file with more points to the left of the cursor location has sufficient points deleted from its start so that the two X axis values coincide To offset the X axis locate the cursors at the X locations that are to correspond with each other one on each curve and type the command OFFX Note that the resultant file must be at least one block long or the files can not be offset 2 10 DISPLAY COMMANDS In addition to the math routines DORA implements several commands to maximize scope interaction which can be issued to invert the spectrum remove a spectrum from the scope or generate a hard copy on an inter faced X Y plotter These commands are called in the standard DORA format 2 10 1 VIEW At any time while using DORA a single file can be viewed on the scope If only one file is currently displayed the VIEW command re enables the inactive display The format of the VIEW command is VIEW alpha where alpha is T or B for the file to be displayed Only one alpha value can be specified If no parameters are entered after VIEW then any file not currently displayed because of a previous VIEW command is redisplayed 2 10 2 INVERT DISPLAY A spectrum displayed on the scope can be inverted peaks to d
21. TIONS BUILD INIT EXAMPLES OF DISPLAY FRAMES vii B 1 B 1 B 2 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 4 INTRODUCTION AIPOS is the comprehensive operating system used on the PDP 12 40 and larger systems for real time data acquisition and manipulation in the laboratory It provides a convenient structure and common data base for a wide variety of functions while retaining a simplicity and ease of use which makes it the perfect solution to the problem of effective usage of the computer in the laboratory The Job Control Language processor referred to as JCL provides a powerful link between the user and the various functions of the systen Aided by the highly interactive display the user is guided through the specification of function requests including input and output files and function qualification parameters His function request is analyzed as he types it thus reducing his waiting time and permit ting the dynamic detection and correction of errors AIPOS offers a complete set of data acquisition data manipulation and file handling functions In addition its modularity and flexi bility allow AIPOS to be extended to reflect the state of the art in laboratory data acquisition as well as the needs of highly specialized users ix CHAPTER 1 USING THE LDP SYSTEM l l SYSTEM FUNCTIONS The many capabilities of AIPOS are grouped in units referred to as sys tem functions The eight system functions which provide all data mani pula
22. UTAMS 3 4 the OUTPUT FORMAT display appears In this case the file will be on the same device in two different formats or the same format if it is chosen TRANS must be used when an LDP file is to be created from a non LDP data file 3 4 3 PRINT A data file and its header if present can be printed on the Teletype by a PRINT request to Job Control The data in the primary header block is printed in the following format NAME n HEADER BLOCKS n DATA BLOCKS DESCRIPTION OF FORMAT n POINTS THE MAXIMUM VALUE IS aEbtb THE MINIMUM VALUE IS aEtb The contents of the file is printed as follows POINT VALUE 2 aE b n aE tb For the values in both the header and data blocks a is six digits and b is 3 digits CTRL C may be typed at any time to abort the printing Only the input file need be specified in the call to Job Control For example to print the file C6HCL5 located on disk unit 2 the correct call is DK PRINT DK2 C6HCL5 for a disk system 3 4 4 DISPLAY HEADER The information in the primary header block is displayed on the scope in the same format as in the PRINT command The call to Job Control requires specification of the input file only so that the call DK DISHDR DK2 C6HCLS5 will display the header block of the file C6HCL5 on disk unit 2 Type CTRL C to return to Job Control 3 4 5 FIX HEADER The primary header block can be created and stored for an LDP data file that is already prese
23. ation is omitted before a file or function name in a function call command to Job Control the device last accessed by AIPOS when interpreting the command is the default unit The device that is currently the default unit is displayed in all the relevant Job Control messages so the user always knows what device will be as sumed The unit from which the AIPOS Monitor is loaded is initially designated as the default unit Thus for a non disk configuration the initial default unit is LT for a system loaded from disk the default unit is DK When another unit is specified it becomes the default unit for when a unit is not specified for a subsequent file Thus if at any time in the command a device is specified that device becomes the default unit until another device is requested For ex ample in the function call DK DORA FERRIC DK1 FE26A ETCL1 ETCL2 ETCL12 the function DORA and the output file FERRIC will be on disk unit the other output file and all the input files will be on disk unit 1 For output files the default unit designation is more complex because no more than one output file can exist on any device Thus when speci fying output files without requesting a particular unit the default device is incremented after each file is accepted Even if no output files are requested some APOS programs require a minimum number of output working areas so the system will automatically assign the ap propriate number of output
24. ative message appears on the scope LTeletype is the registered trademark of Teletype Corporation LZ 1 5 CALLING A SYSTEM FUNCTION A command is entered by the following procedure Note that at least two mass storage devices must be on line for a DORA function call to be accepted Ls 1 Job Control always starts by displaying the follow ing initial message on the scope ENTER FUNCTION DEV FUNCTION DEFAULT DEV LT THEN SPACE TO SPECIFY OUTPUT OR TO SPECIFY INPUT Type the mnemonic unit code refer to section 1 4 containing the desired system function Terminate the three letter code with a colon For example LT indicates that LINCtape unit is to be used If the default device refer to section 1 6 is the unit from which the function is to be loaded then it need not be specified in the function call Next type the name of the function desired followed by the terminator space or the terminator equal sign if no output files are to be specified For example LT DORA calls DORA from LINCtape unit After a terminator is typed Job Control checks the commands as entered so far for errors If any are found an error message indicating the problem is displayed Use the RUBOUT key to delete the errone ous characters and type the correct command All the Job Control error messages are listed in Appen dix B l If a space is typed as the terminator and no errors are found a new message is di
25. ble mass storage devices All of the mathematical and display manipulation facilities for data files are described with examples of each command in Chapter 2 for the Display Oriented Research Analysis DORA program Because of their similarity of operation all the file handling functions are discussed in Chapter 3 Examples are included in all sections of the manual The Appendices provide quick reference for loading procedures and command and error message summaries for all AIPOS users A sequence of photographic examples of scope display can be found in Appendix C For the experienced programmer who wishes to cus tomize the LDP system a series of internal descriptions are available DEC 12 URLA D through DEC 12 UR5A D Consult the glossary in the back of this manual for definitions of new terms Additional information on the PDP 12 computer its operation and pro gramming terminology and techniques can be found in the PDP 12 System Reference Manual DEC 12 SRZA D and the LAP6 DIAL Programmer s Refer ence Manual DEC 12 SE2D D iii INTRODUCTION CHAPTER CHAPTER l l 1 142 1 3 1 4 Ls 1 6 1 7 2 1 Paid 2 3 2 4 2 4 1 2 4 2 2 4 3 2 5 29 1 2 5 2 2 2 6 2 6 1 2 0662 2 7 2 8 2 8 1 2 8 2 2 8 3 2 8 4 2 8 5 2 8 6 28 7 2 8 8 2 8 9 CONTENTS USING THE LDP SYSTEM SYSTEM FUNCTIONS HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS JOB CONTROL MNEMONIC UNIT CODES CALLING A SYSTEM FUNCTION DEFAULT UNITS RETURNING TO JOB CONTR
26. command is MOVE 1 0 where i is the input file and is any one of the set 9 1 T B X Y and o is the output file and is any one of the set 9 1 T B Up to three pairs can be supplied at a time and the moves will be executed sequen tially When the output files are specified the previous contents of the files are replaced By using care in the parameter sequence of the command however any file of interest can be maintained Consider the following examples MOVE X T B File X the original data for the first input file to Job Control is to be moved to working area T and displayed on the top of the scope and file located in working area is to be displayed in the bottom of the scope MOVE T 1 B This command will reverse the original DORA scope assignments File will be displayed in the top of the scope and will be placed in working area T file 1 will be displayed in the bottom of the scope The copy of file that was placed in working area T initially is replaced during this MOVE command MOVE T Y T 1 B A command like this one will save the file displayed in the top of the scope by moving file T to working area bring in a copy of the second input file and place it in working area T File Y will be displayed in the top of the scope and file 1 the contents of working area 1 in the bottom of the scope This is illustrated in the following chart a ge 2 6 2 SAVE Any of the data files in DORA s workin
27. ction DORA Mathematical operations are executed immediately by DORA and the resultant spectrum displayed on the scope see Appendix C DORA consists of a large group of math commands that include in part capabilities to integrate or differentiate a file calibrate the axes straighten a sloping baseline subtract one file from another invert the display and many more There are two main classes of DORA s com mands math and display Both classes implement two cursors to define regions on the waveforms and a group of Sense Switch and A D knob op tions to move the displayed files on the scope 2 2 COMMAND FORMAT DORA s math and display functions are requested by commands typed by the user on the Teletype The general format for these commands is a 3 or 4 character command designation a semicolon and a file defini tion All commands are terminated by pressing the RETURN key RUBOUT may be used before terminating the command to delete incorrect charac ters The exact syntax for each is included in the command discussion in this chapter and in the summary in Appendix A Note however that DORA commands which are in a format acceptable to Job Control but il legal to DORA e g unnecessary parameters are accepted and ignored by DORA and no error message is issued It is also possible for com mands that are accepted by DORA not to be accepted by Job Control For example illegal Job Control characters are not checked by DORA Job Control
28. data files However most users require that more specific tasks be performed on their data For this reason the AIPOS system contains a version of FOCAL 12 called FOCAL 12 in AIPOS that is capable of manipulating AIPOS files 4 2 LOADING FOCAL 12 To use FOCAL 12 issue the following command to Job Control DEV LOAD DEV FOCAL 12 When FOCAL 12 has been successfully loaded it will respond with At this time the user may enter any of the FOCAL 12 commands as de scribed in the PDP 12 manual FOCAL 12 DEC 12 AJAA D 4 3 FOCAL 12 vs FOCAL 12 FOCAL 12 differs from DIAL FOCAL 12 in the following ways All file names specified in LM LO LL and LS commands must be in the AIPOS file name format i e six characters followed by a character extension ALIASed AIPOS files must not be replaced via LM or L S commands An LDP RETURN abbreviation L R allows the user to close all files and return to the AIPOS Job Control All AIPOS files contain a primary header block and a data area If a user creates a data file using FOCAL 12 and wishes to manipulate it using DORA or any other AIPOS function he must first create the primary header block This may be accomplished with the FIXHDR command refer to section 3 4 5 APPENDIX A SUMMARIES A l STARTING PROCEDURES A 1 1 LINCtape To A l 2 start AIPOS from LINCtape Press the STOP console switch Set the scope channel indicator to 1 amp 2 Mount the LDP system tape contai
29. direc tion of the motion of the spectra as follows Sense Switch Value Effect Pi Full scope 1 Split scope 1 Fine horizontal motion 1 Coarse horizontal motion 2 Set horizontal motion for file T l Set horizontal motion for file B 3 1 Inhibit vertical motion L Enable vertical motion for file T The speed at which a data file moves horizontally across the scope the moving window is controlled by A D knob The Sense Switches must be set properly for knob to move the desired file Turning the knob clockwise increases the rate of motion in the forward direction turning it counterclockwise increases the rate in the reverse direc tion By centering knob horizontal movement of the display is halted Knob 4 controls vertical motion of file T like a fine tuner The file will move only as long as the knob is rotated and then the display freezes Knob 4 can then be rotated again to move the file another small increment When Sense Switch 1 is set to for fine horizontal control knob also becomes a fine tuner Thus if two spectra are to be lined up the recommended procedure is to set Sense Switches 1 1 and 2 the file to be moved Then rotate knob until the desired segments are almost superimposed Use knob 4 if necessary Set Sense Switch 1 P and rotate knob to match the spectra As file T is being moved in any direction by a combination of Sense Switches and A D knobs it will wrap around along either or bot
30. e they can only ride along the data curve so that only the A D knobs control ling horizontal motion are operable DORA includes commands to change 2 6 the cursors assignment Refer to section 2 5 1 The following is a graphic summary of the functions of the A D knobs and the Sense Switches SENSE SWITCHES FINE HORIZ FULL HORIZ FILE INHIBIT CONTROL T VERT SPLIT COARSE HORIZ ENABLE SCOPE HORIZ FILE VERT B FILE T CONTROL MUST BE SET BEFORE USING A D KNOBS AND 4 A D KNOBS CH NN 2 5 CURSOR COMMANDS Cursors are either fixed or free A fixed cursor rides along the displayed spectrum such that only horizontal motion is permitted A free cursor can move anywhere within its assigned section top or bot tom of the scope enabling horizontal and vertical motion Using the cursor commands the cursors can be assigned to different spectra freed or fixed so that they are properly positioned for a subsequent math command 2 5 1 ASSIGN CURSORS Many of DORA s math commands require one or two cursors to indicate user chosen data points in the spectrum Using the ASSIGN CURSORS con mand the two available cursors may be assigned to the same spectrum or to different spectra on the display The command format is ASCU alpha where alpha is T or B To assign both cursors to the file displayed in the top the command is ASCU T To assign both the cursors to the bottom file the command is ASCU
31. e alpha is T or B and C is optional If the entire spectrum is to be integrated the argument C is omitted from the command If only a portion of the curve is to be integrated locate the cursors at the initial and final points to be calculated and then issue the INT com mand with the argument C after alpha The integrated data replaces the old data in the working area For best results with the INT command it may be helpful before issu ing the command to l use the OFFY function to set the baseline to 2 use the CALX function to assign the proper X range 2 8 9 DIFFERENTIATE The derivative of a whole or part of a spectrum is calculated by the Five point differentiation algorithm where the first two and last two points in the file can not be differentiated ne a Yn 4 n for Y AR Kara eee for X some data value some calibrated point count Multi depth derivatives can be determined The derivative curve is displayed immediately after it is calculated The command format is DIFF alpha C where alpha is Tor B and C is included only if the part of the spec trum between cursors is to be differentiated If only part of the curve is to be differentiated locate the cursors so they mark off that portion of the spectrum before issuing the command If the whole spec trum is to be differentiated cursor location does not matter 2 8 10 SMOOTH Noise can be smoothed from an entire spectrum or from the portion that lies bet
32. e is generally no need to specify output files during a DORA function call to Job Control Output devices need only be speci fied when a particular device e g a second disk is to contain the working areas and would not be called by the usual default device se quence 2 7 TYPES OF MATH COMMANDS DORA has two classes of mathematical routines l Unary only one file is manipulated the resultant file replaces the displayed file on the scope and in the working area 2 Binary both displayed files T and B are manipu lated the resultant file always replaces file T on the scope and in working area T 2 12 While most math commands are being executed the scope is blank and is replaced with the resultant data display when the result has been cal culated 2 8 UNARY COMMANDS The unary commands always require the file specification T or B thus their command format is command alpha where command is the 3 or 4 character abbreviation for the operation and alpha is T or B A cursor parameter is also used with some com mands All commands are terminated by a carriage return Any unary operation performed on file T changes that data in working area T any unary operation on file B changes that data in working area or 1 whichever file is displayed in the bottom of the scope The data in the file is changed as specified for each command Some of the unary commands require specification of a value for a constant K The
33. e names are sufficient No more than one output file can be requested for each on line device The extension code with a binary file BIN has special meaning and can only be used for load files After the last sequence has been entered type as the termina tor an equal sign to specify input a semicolon to specify parameters or a carriage return to terminate the function call After each comma and after the equal sign or semi colon Job Control checks for errors as in step 3 If the RUBOUT key is used to erase the entire output file sequence up through the space terminating the function specification then the initial message is redisplayed and the function call may be reentered as in step 1 When the output sequence has been ac cepted another message is displayed ENTER INPUT DEV FILNAM EXT DEFAULT DEV LT4 BEGINS PARAMETER INPUT OR RETURN BEGINS EXECUTION LT DORA DK1 OUTF1 LT4 OUTF2 Specify the input files and devices in the same man ner as the output files refer to step 5 The ex ample can be expanded to LT DORA DKL OUTF1 LT4 OUTF2 DKl INF1 LT1 INF2 LT3 INF3 For an input file to be valid it must be included in the volume s index Volume refers to the data on a LINCtape or disk Note that a maximum of 8 files input and output including automatically allocated working areas can be spec fied in a single function call After all files have been entered the func tion call can be terminated by ty
34. es 7 Press the FILL switch then press the FILL STEP switch 8 Set the Right Switches to 5 2l The switches are set as follows refer to step 6 ttt ttt ttt tty Right Switches 9 Press the FILL STEP I O PRESET and START 29 switches in that order If AIPOS was successfully loaded it Signals that it is ready for a Function call command by displaying the first Job Control message on the scope A command to Job Control can now be issued If the AIPOS tape or disk on unit does not contain the AIPOS Monitor and Job Control NO is displayed on the scope Mount the correct tape or disk and start again A 2 DORA COMMANDS Cursors ASCU alpha Assign cursors FRCU numeric Free cursors FXCU numeric Fix cursors File MOVE 1 0 Move SAVE name p Save LSE Math Unary OFFY alpha Offset Y axis CALX alpha Calibrate X axis CALY alpha Calibrate Y axis SCA alpha Scale BLS alpha C Strip baseline PKS alpha Strip peak NORM alpha C Normalize INT alpha C Integrate DIFF alpha C Differentiate SMO alpha C Smooth Binary ADD Add SUB Subtract ISB Inverse subtract OFFX Offset X axis Display VIEW alpha View INVR alpha alpha Invert display PLOT alpha Plot up to six alphas alpha T or B numeric or 1 i one of 1 T B X Y o one of 1 T B name filename paired with a parameter P p one of 19 Ly T B l optional parameter C means use cursor A 3 LEGAL CHARACTERS
35. evice For I O opti mization it is recommended that LINCtape users default to one output device and specify another to Job Control Systems with a disk need only default to the disk for output device specification 2 4 USE OF THE DISPLAY SCOPE The display scope is considered as having two parts referred to as top and bottom each of which displays a data file that is contained in the working area The top of the scope AlWAYS contains the file in working area T initially the bottom contains the file in working area By using the MOVE command refer to section 2 6 1 the bottom of the scope can display the contents of working area or l For ease of reference the file displayed in the top of the scope the con tents of working area T is called file T and the one displayed in the bottom is referred to as file B The user always knows which working area or l is currently being displayed in the bottom of the scope because the appropriate number is displayed in the lower right hand corner of the screen Almost all of the DORA commands use the abbreviations T and B to refer to scope positions the commands also generate changes in the appropri ate working area When necessary an operation on file T changes the contents of working area T and an operation on file B changes the con tents of working area or 1 whichever file is currently displayed in the bottom of the scope The diagram in section 2 3 can be expanded to include
36. ewsletters Digital Software News for the PDP 8 amp PDP I2 Digital Software News for the PDP II Digital Software News for the PDP 9 15 Family These newsletters contain information applicable to software available from Digital s Program Library Articles in Digital Software News update the cumulative Software Performance Summary which is contained in each basic kit of system software for new computers To assure that the monthly Digital Software News is sent to the appropriate software contact at your installation please check with the Software Specialist or Sales Engineer at your nearest Digital office Questions or problems concerning Digital s Software should be reported to the Software Specialist In cases where no Software Specialist is available please send a Software Performance Report form with details of the problem to Software Information Service Digital Equipment Corporation 46 Main Street Bldg 3 5 Maynard Massachusetts 01754 These forms which are provided in the software kit should be fully filled out and accompanied by teletype output as well as listings or tapes of the user program to facilitate a complete investigation An answer will be sent to the individual and appropriate topics of general interest will be printed in the newsletter Orders for new and revised software and manuals additional Software Per formance Report forms and software price lists should be directed to the nearest Digital Field office or rep
37. f interest For example some photos do not include cursor readouts 3 Initial DORA Display This photo is of a typical initial DORA display of two input files in split scope This photo is of the same spectra displayed full screen e 2 The following photos illustrate DORA operations on one spectrum 4 Initial Display The input file 5 Differentiation and Normalization The derivative curve after normalization to the max min of the entire spectrum for the file displayed in example 4 6 Integration The integral of the file and the original spectrum are displayed to gether in full scope 7 Peak Strip The third peak displayed in the original file example 4 has been removed via the PKS command 8 Initial Display Notice that this data requires smoothing and scaling in order to de fine the peaks on the display 9 Scaled Curve The file in example 8 was scaled via the SCA command to generate this display 10 Smoothed Data The same file after smoothing ll Free Cursors Both cursors were freed by a FRCU command with no argument to generate this display 12 Adding Files before after The file on the bottom has been added to the file on the top Constant Cursor Default unit Device Disk unit File Function call Job Control LINCtape unit Mnemonic code Monitor Moving window System functions Volume Working
38. fter any of the following error messages press RETURN BINARY IS TOO BIG FOR THIS VOLUME INVALID FILENAME INVALID UNIT NO SUCH BINARY NOT A DIAL UNIT ERROR BINARY LOADS OVER MONITOR NOT AN LDP SYSTEM VOLUME APPENDIX C Examples of Display Frames The following pages include photographic examples of some of the dis play oriented AIPOS programs with explanations of the highlights of each photo These examples maybe useful as supplementary descriptions of Job Control and DORA l Job Control Initial Display ENTER FUNCTION DEU FUNCTION DEFAULT DEV DK THEN SPACE TO SPECIFY OUTPUT OR TO SPECIFY INPUT When the AIPOS system is loaded initially and after CTRL C or a DX com mand the above message 1s displayed Any command to Job Control can be entered at this time 2 Job Control Final Display ENTER PARAMETER STRING ENDING WITH RETURN DKO DORA LT2 BENZEN METHAC LT1 GC1 LT2 602 EXPER THENTAL RUN 128 For a command that includes a parameter string the format of the dis play before terminating the statement is as above This example requests DORA which is on disk unit to use the input files GCl which is on tape unit 1 and GC2 which is on tape unit 2 and to create the output files BENZEN and METHAC on tape unit 2 A comment on the sequence EXPERIMENTAL RUN 128 is also included in the command All of the following photos have been cropped to illustrate only the areas o
39. g areas files 1 T and B can be saved on LINCtape or disk for permanent storage and subsequent retrieval The SAVE command associates a name with the file and stores the file on the mass storage device where its working area is currently located noting its location by a message on the Teletype The working area units are those specified as output units to Job Control for the DORA function call or the default devices if none were specified to Job Control When the SAVE command is completed it causes a return to Job Control To save a DORA file issue a command in the format SAVE name name name P Pa P where name is the alphanumeric name in the format required by Job Control to be assigned to the file and Py is the parameter indicating the file to be saved in the set 1 T or B For every name a param eter must be specified From one to three names and parameter pairs can be included in a SAVE command No two files can be saved on the Same device with the same name If the file parameters are omitted the sequence g 1 T is assumed Thus SAVE Fl F2 F3 is equivalent to SAVE F1 F2 F3 1 T After the SAVE command is accepted a message indicating the location unit of the files is printed on the Teletype in the format B l unit T unit For example after the command SAVE SAMP1 SAMP2 1 T a possible printout is B 1 DK1 T LT2 The SAVE command is used to save files on LINCtape or disk for this reason ther
40. h axes Thus the first and last points in the file appear to be contiguous and Y values that are moved past the upper limit of the axis appear at the bottom of the file s display File B can also wrap around the X axis 2 5 Horizontal motion of the file can produce a display as charted above where point a is the last point in the file and b is the first point Vertical motion of file T can produce this display with vertical wrap around as the spectrum moves up or down the scope 2 4 3 Use of Cursors DORA implements two cursors on the scope referred to as cursor and cursor l which appear as intensified dots and are used to mark off areas on the spectrum Initially both cursors are associated with file T The X and Y coordinates of the current location on the waveform of cur sor on the scope are displayed in the upper left corner of the scope and those of cursor l are displayed in the lower left corner These coordinates are relative scope values and are not the actual data values All values are signed six digit numbers and include calibrated values A D knobs are used to move the cursors as follows Motion Horizontal Vertical Cursor 1 Rotating knob 1 or 2 clockwise moves the appropriate cursor to the right counterclockwise moves it to the left Similarly for knobs 5 and 6 clockwise rotation moves the cursor upward and counterclockwise moves it downward These cursors are said to be fixed initially i
41. h display is a pair of MAX MIN values either preset default case or obtained from the normalization routine NORM This pair of MAX MIN values is used to calculate the normalization constants Thus if a data file is changed and not NORMalized it will then be displayed using the last calculated normalization constants This factor should be remembered particularly when using the OFFY command Consider a file whose MAX data value is 1 25 and whose MIN data value is 25 14 25 SCOPE BEFORE OFFY AFTER OFFY FIGURE 1 If the cursor is positioned at pt a and an OFFY command is issued the new file will have a MAX data value of 1 25 5 75 and a MIN data value of 25 5 25 However because the data has not been normal ized yet the normalization constants have not changed and the display will be as shown in figure 1 If this data is now NORMalized it will be displayed as in figure 2 SCOPE FIGURE 2 NOTE A pair of coordinate axes have been included with these figures to give perspective to the data The horizontal axis indicates the point number of the file the vertical axis designates the corre sponding file data values These values are not necessarily the same as observed in the scope cur sor read out 2 8 2 CALIBRATE X AXIS An X axis value can be assigned to any data point in a displayed spec trum thereby permitting user specification of the X axis coordinates From two to four values in increasing
42. he scope is again cleared Turn off the plotter then type a key When the display reappears another DORA operation can be requested To generate line plots l Request all math and display operations so that the file on the screen is exactly the plot desired 2 Up to six plots can be requested for either displayed file or any combination of them The plots will be drawn in the order in which they are specified in the command The format is PLOT alpha alpha alpha alpha alpha alpha where any one alpha is T or B Specify the PLOT com mand with 1 to 6 alpha parameters and press RETURN If no parameters are specified file T then file B are plotted 3 When the screen becomes blank turn the plotter on then type a key on the Teletype 4 During plotting a moving dot traces across the scope Turn the plotter off then type a key on the Teletype The display will reappear 5 If more than one file is being plotted an addition al Teletype key must be typed between the plots i e a total of 2 keys one to terminate the current plot and one to initiate the next plot CHAPTER 3 FILE HANDLING FUNCTIONS 3 1 FILE MANIPULATIONS AIPOS includes extensive file handling facilities that are implemented using a one word code in the function call to Job Control as follows Code Operation MOVE Move data files specified either by AIPOS file name or by starting block and number of blocks or points between tape and disk
43. ifier is entered and accepted the next display is HOW MANY INDEX BLOCKS SHOULD BE ALLOCATED 1 TO 18 OCTAL DEFAULT IS 4 REPLY The number of index blocks to be allocated to this volume is specified now This value should be large enough to accommodate all future files because addi tional index blocks can only be allotted by reinitial izing the volume thereby losing all files currently on the volume Use the following parameters as a guide in determining the number of blocks to allocate 321g index entries index block lst index block requires 3 entries for system use Each file alias and deletion requires an index entry It is suggested that a tape have at least four index blocks and a disk have ten blocks Type the number of blocks to be used for the index and press the RETURN key If it is a LINCtape that is being initialized the next display is HOW MANY BLOCKS ARE MARKED ON THIS TAPE 18088 TO 16 OCTAL DEFAULT IS 16 REPLY If the tape was marked via MARK12 for 19 blocks type 1 if it was marked for 16 blocks type 1698 Then press the return key If the volume being initialized is an RK8 disk a length of 6260 blocks is assumed The next display is WHERE ARE THE SYSTEM BINARIES LT 7 LDP TAPE DK 3 LDP DISK DIAL DIAL MS FILES NO OMIT SYSTEM REPLY If a system from another LDP volume is to be copied onto this volume type the mnemonic unit designation for the device conta
44. ining that volume If carriage return alone is typed the system will be copied from the current system residence device If a new system is to be created from DIAL MS binary files type DIAL which will cause the following display to appear ENTER NAME COMMA AND DIAL UNIT OF LDP MONITOR BINARY REPLY Type the DIAL name and unit of the device where the LDP Monitor resides For the Monitor on LINCtape DEC 12 SQAA UO the DIAL name is M 1 for version 1 The unit number is as in DIAL MS 8 7 for tape and 18 15 28 25 3 35 and 49 45 for RK8 disk If no system is desired on the volume being initialized e g it is to be used for data only type NO All replies are followed by RETURN 10 After the Monitor is copied from the specified unit onto this volume the following display appears ENTER NAME COMMA AND DIAL UNIT OF LDP JOB CONTROL BINARY REPLY Type the DIAL name and unit number of the device where Job Control resides For the Job Control binary on LINCtape DEC 12 SQAA UO the DIAL name is JOBCTL After it is copied the message in step 3 reappears Another volume may then be initialized or Job Control can be reentered Note that it 1S very poor practice to initialize the system unit because the system may be copied to different tape blocks than it had before initialization A 6 APPENDIX B ERROR MESSAGES All the AIPOS programs alert the user to unacceptable command input by an error message These me
45. ips and vice versa and its complement displayed Math commands can then be performed on the inverted file One or two spectra can be polarized on the inverted file One or two spectra can be polarized by a state ment in the form INVR alpha where alpha is T or B To invert both displayed files the command is INVR T B An INVERT command issued without any parameters returns all displayed files to their original state peaks or dips If both parameters are the same e g INVR T T no effective operation is performed The INVR command leaves the baseline invariant for both full and split scope i e points that are displayed at the bottom or middle of the scope are never inverted BEFORF INVR EEE AFTER INVR NOT INVERTED Users who would like a real INVR can always scale by 1 with the reali zation that the original data was modified 2 23 Note that if the scope is inverted prior to a MOVE command it remains inverted after the command In general the INVR command is invariant with the MOVE command 2 10 3 PLOT The PLOT command can be used to print up to six line plots of any dis played spectrum on an interfaced X Y plotter permitting multiple plots of a file When a PLOT command is issued the scope is cleared At this time turn the plotter to start plotting is then initialized by typing any key on the Teletype not including CTRL C or RUBOUT and a moving dot traces across the scope When the plot is completed t
46. ning the Monitor and Job Control on tape unit If required mount another LDP system tape or disk on a unit 1 7 or 1 3 Set the tape units to REMOTE and WRITE ENABLE Turn the disk on if it is being used Clear all the console switches A switch is cleared when the front part of the rocker is raised Set the Left Switches to 7 by pushing down the front part of the switches indicated by and the back part of the switches indicated by t in the fol lowing diagram Att 44h ttt ttt Left Switches Press the I O PRESET switch Press the DO switch Press the START 2 switch Disk start AIPOS from RK8 for RK12 disk Press the STOP console switch Set the scope chan nel indicator to 1 amp 2 Mount the LDP system disk containing the Monitor and Job Control in disk unit If required mount ano ther LDP system tape or disk on a tape unit 1 7 or a disk unit 1 3 Set the disk START switch If the SAFE light does not go out in a few seconds the disk must be re mounted Return to step 2 4 When the drive light goes on clear all the con sole switches A switch is cleared when the front part of the rocker is raised 5 Set the mode switch to 8 mode 6 Set the Left Switches to 9929 and the Right Switches to 6733 by pushing down the front part of the switches indicated by and the back part of the switches indi cated by in the following diagram ttt ttt ttt ttt Yt 444 tur 444 Left Switches Right Switch
47. nmodified 2 8 5 STRIP BASELINE A sloping baseline can be subtracted from any section of a data set by placing the two scope cursors so they define the slope of the base line to be stripped The line that is subtracted is the straight line between the cursors The value subtracted from any Y value is the AY between the cursor line and a baseline created through the lower cursor Note that the cursors may or may not be fixed to the curve only the slope of the line between them is important A baseline can not be 2 17 added the STRIP BASELINE command only subtracts values from the curve starting from the smaller Y value Remember that any previous changes to the data by other DORA routines are considered in this cal culation The procedure for subtracting a baseline is as follows l The cursors must be properly positioned before the command is issued If a baseline is to be stripped from all the data points set the two cursors so they demark a line with the desired slope If a baseline is to be stripped from only a portion of the data points locate the two cursors so that in addition to creating a line with the desired slope one is on or above the first point in the baseline to be altered and the other is similarly located for the last point 2 Call the routine by typing BLS alpha C where alpha is T or B and C is optional if the baseline indicated by the two cursors is to be sub tracted only from those points bet
48. nt on the volume The first block of the file must be a free block Only the data file requires specification as the input file in the call to Job Control dev FIXHDR indev infile The data format message is then displayed for the input file When that has been specified the total number of header blocks and data points 1S requested by the display ENTER NUMBER OF HEADER BLOCKS NUMBER OF DATA POINTS REPLY Type the total number of header blocks in the range 1 7 that the data file contains followed by a comma Then type the total number of data points in the file and press RETURN Note that FIX HEADER computes only the primary header block Secondary header blocks if present are the user s responsibility 3 4 6 INTERPOLATE An output file can be created that is an interpolated subset or super set of an input file INTERPOLATE can provide increased file resolu tion with no loss of accuracy by requesting a larger number of points in the output file In addition two spectra of the same compound that contain a different number of points can be compared by expanding or decreasing the number of points in one file The call to Job Control is in the standard format dev INTERP outdev outfile indev infile 3 6 The data format message is displayed next so that the output file can be in a different format than the input file The number of points in the output file is requested after the call to Job Control by the message
49. ob Control or DISPLAY INDEX is active CTRL D can be typed to exit from the AIPOS and load DIAL mst the general purpose PDP 12 op erating system If the system device is LINCtape DIAL MS will be loaded from tape unit if the system device is disk it is loaded from disk Be sure DIAL MS is on the appropriate unit if it is not AIPOS is restarted 1 8 DISPLAY INDEX In addition to the function calls there is an auxiliary call DISPLAY INDEX that can be issued to Job Control The file index of any mass storage device can be displayed by typing a command to Job Control in the format dev DX where dev is LINCtape LT to LT7 or disk DK to DK3 The file in dex contains information on the entire volume of data on the device as well as on each file Information displayed for the volume is its name the starting block of the file area and the length of the vol ume number of blocks in the volume Information displayed for an entry in the index is entry number octal position in the volume file name and extension starting block and length of the file An index header for the values is displayed as ENTRY STRT LEN where STRT is the starting block and LEN is the length of the file in blocks In general the last file in the index is always WORK AREA 1 AP6 DIAL MS is referred to as DIAL MS in this manual Refer to the LAP6 DIAL Programmer s Reference Manual for information on the systen and indicates how much space
50. pe or disk A volume of data can be mounted on any tape or disk unit Space allocated on a volume for function out put A D knobs ADD command 2 21 Alias feature 1 9 ASSIGN CURSORS command 2 3 ood 2 8 1 2 Back slash Binary commands 2 21 ADD 2 21 ISB inverse subtraction 2 22 OFFX offset X axis 2 22 SUBtract 2 21 Calibrate X axis CALX 2 15 Calibrate Y axis CALY 2 16 Codes mnemonic unit 1 2 Commands cursor 2 9 DX 1 7 entering job control 1 3 file manipulation 2 9 math 2 12 MOVE 2 3 2 9 SAVE 2 11 CREATE call 3 7 CTRL C 1 7 1 10 CTRL D l 7 Cursors 2 6 commands 2 8 ASSIGN 2 8 FIX 2 9 FREE 2 9 Data display DORA 2 7 Data formats 3 1 Default units 1 5 DIAL returning to 1 7 Differentiate 2 20 Display commands 2 22 INVERT DISPLAY 2 23 PLOT 2 24 VIEW 2 22 Display header DISHDR 3 5 Display index 1 7 CTRL C 1 10 Keys 1 8 Display scope 2 3 DORA capabilities 2 1 command format 2 1 data display 2 4 moving the displays 2 5 working area assignment 2 1 INDEX File B 2 3 File manipulation commands CREATE 3 7 DISHDR FIXHDR INTERP MOVE PRINT SAVE TRANS File T 2 3 FIX CURSORS FIXDR 3 6 FOCAL 12 loading 4 1 using 4 1 versus FOCAL 12 Format data Seg function call FREE CURSORS 2 9 Function call format OV OY U1 ja pm ae 2 9 3 4 2 1 m HD U 3 3 2 9 4 1 3 2 3 2 Hardware requirements 1 1
51. ping a carriage re turn the command is then executed If it is invalid the message in step 1 is redisplayed Alternatively a semicolon can be typed indicating that a para meter string will follow As before if RUBOUT was used to delete characters through a previous termina tor equal sign or space the previous display ap pears until another terminator is typed 8 If a semicolon is typed the following message is displayed ENTER PARAMETER STRING ENDING WITR RETURN 9 Some of the AIPOS functions may require a parameter string at the end of the function call The format of this string is described in the appropriate chap ter of this manual In general up to 32 characters are allowed the legal characters are listed in Ap pendix A 3 Terminate the parameter string by press ing RETURN the function call is then executed The following examples of complete system function calls illustrate some of the features of Job Control DK2 MIDAS LT3 DATA1 ASC DK1 DATA2 LT1 SOURCE The program MIDAS is to be called from disk unit 2 and will be used with the output files DATAl ASC located on LINCtape unit 3 and DATA2 located on disk unit 1 and the input file SOURCE located on LINCtape unit 1 LT TRANS DK1 PHENYL DK APHENYL Call the TRANSFER function from LINCtape unit and use it to transfer the input file APHENYL from disk unit to disk unit 1 where it will be filed as PHENYL 1 6 DEFAULT UNITS If a device specific
52. processing is complete for a system function Job Control displays a series of messages to assist command input The general format of a function call command is function output files input files As the user types in each part of the function call on the Teletype it is displayed on the scope Subsequent parts of the call are displayed on the same line Each part of the call is interpreted by Job Control as it is typed by the user If an error exists in the part just entered an error message is displayed The correct sequence may then be typed for the part in error without having to retype the whole command The RUBOUT key can be used at any time to erase the last character typed A backslash is echoed on the Teletype The RUBOUT key can be used repeatedly to delete one additional character to the left each time it is pressed The LINE FEED key can also be pressed to erase the entire command entered so far and to start a new function call 12 MNEMONIC UNIT CODES To specify an I O device on a system function call to Job Control the appropriate mnemonic code and the unit number if needed must be used The codes are Mnemonic Device LT 7 LINCtape units 9 7 DK 3 RK8 or RK12 disk units 3 TTY Console Teletype DSP Display scope output device only Note that these codes are always followed by a colon in a system func tion call refer to section 1 5 If a nonexistent or off line device is requested an indic
53. put file is assigned as file T and the second as file B and the working areas and scope are filled accordingly At any time these file assignments can be altered by a MOVE command in order to compare modified data with the original file use a different sequence of commands on the original data file or display another file There are six data sets that can be accessed by a MOVE command file T currently displayed in top of scope and located in working area T file B currently displayed in bottom of scope and lo cated in working area or 1 file file in working area file 1 file in working area 1 file X original data of the input file requested first to Job Control file Y original data of the input file requested second to Job Control The current content of file B is indicated by the number or 1 dis played in the lower right corner of the scope This number is the in put file that is currently file B and is consistent with any previous MOVE commands The first input file specified to Job Control can be referred to by the designation X in the MOVE command and the second input file by the let ter Y The constants X and Y refer to the original input files and can not be modified by any DORA command the designations are used only by the MOVE command to relocate the files If a second input file was not specified in the DORA function call to Job Control Y is an illegal parameter The format of the MOVE
54. resentative U S A customers may order directly from the Program Library in Maynard When ordering include the code number and a brief description of the software requested Digital Equipment Computer Users Society DECUS maintains a user library and publishes a catalog of programs as well as the DECUSCOPE magazine for its members and non members who request it For further information please write to DECUS Digital Equipment Corporation 146 Main Street Bldg 3 5 Maynard Massachusetts 01754 AIPOS User s Manual DEC 12 SOlA D READER S COMMENTS Digital Equipment Corporation maintains a continuous effort to improve the quality and usefulness of its publications To do this effectively we need user feedback your critical evaluation of this manual Please comment on this manual s completeness accuracy organization usability and read ability Did you find errors in this manual If so specify by page How can this manual be improved Other comments Please state your position Date Name Organization Street Department City State Zip or Country l mn Fold Here gt Szene ee FIRST CLASS PERMIT NO 33 MAYNARD MASS BUSINESS REPLY MAIL NO POSTAGE STAMP NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THF UNITED STATES Postage will be paid by dfiJgli t al Digital Equipment Corporation Software Information Services 146 Main Street Bldg 3 5 Maynard Massachusetts 01754
55. splayed ENTER OUTPUT DEV FILENAM EXT DEFAULT DEV LTQ WHEN ALL OUTPUT HAS BEEN SPECIFIED TYPE TO SPECIFY INPUT LT DORA Job Control is started after loading AIPOS typing a CTRL C complet ing a DX command or a function job To type CTRL C hold down the CTRL key and type the letter C The character C will be printed on the Teletype The current default unit is displayed after the equal sign Any time a terminator is typed the unit may change LT is used only as an example here 3 This is the start of the function call typed by the user The command shown here is only an example je The output devices and file codes are entered now for all output files that will be created by the requested function The sequence DEV FILENAM EXT can be repeated up to eight times once for each output file to be created by separating each se quence with a comma Type the mnemonic unit code DEV a colon and the file name to be associated with this file The file name is 1 to 6 characters long the first character of the file name must be alphabetic and the file name must not already exist on the volume An extension code of 1 to 3 alpha numeric characters may be added optionally after the file name and is always preceded by a period In the example some output files can be created LT DORA DK1L OUTF1 LT4 OUTF2 If the default de vice is the correct output device the device and colon need not be specified the fil
56. ssages are listed here by system program B 1 JOB CONTROL As a command is entered to Job Control it is checked for errors after every delimiter If an error is found a message is displayed on the scope indicating the type of error Generally the errors require specification of a different name to eliminate duplication or of another device to provide sufficient room For this purpose RUBOUT can be used to remove the faulty characters in the command and the correct characters can then be typed in Line feed can be typed to delete the entire line All the messages are listed below REQUESTED FILE DOES NOT EXIST INVALID CHARACTER OR IMPROPER SYNTAX PLEASE CORRECT NOT AN LDP VOLUME OUTPUT FILE ALREADY EXISTS INSUFFICIENT SPACE TO CREATE FILE INDEX IS FULL ONLY ONE OUTPUT FILE ALLOWED ON ANY DEVICE NO MORE FILES ALLOWED TOO MANY CHARACTERS IN PARAMETER STRING UNABLE TO SAVE name name IS INVALID OR DUPLICATE FILE NAME SAVE AS REPLY Job Control also has a pause message which appears if a nonexistent or off line device is requested WAITING FOR device PLEASE READY IT OR TYPE CONTROL C TO RESTART The next error message indicates insufficient room on the requested or default device for the file A new volume is required with enough free space UNABLE TO ALLOCATE WORKING AREAS CONTROL C TO RESTART B 2 DISPLAY INDEX After a DX error message is displayed press RETURN to redisplay the last
57. tes lower than or the same as the preceding coordinate 4 At least two values must be assigned for K The message K is printed a maximum of four times if less than four values are desired type a carriage return after the next K message and the calibration will be performed if four values are desired the calibration will be per formed after the fourth value is specified After a CALX operation increments along the X axis are not necessarily equal 2 8 3 CALIBRATE Y AXIS The Y axis of a spectrum displayed as peaks may be calibrated for values in the range 1 lt K lt 1 effectively making the Y axis a percentage scale over a user determined range For a spectrum displayed as dips values in the range 1 lt K lt 1l can be used By permitting negative values for inverted files the Y minimum is always more negative than the maximum Only one point in the data set requires specification the rest of the Y values in the file are adjusted relative to the indicated value The data in the file is not altered by a Y axis calibration Only the value of K is retained so the display is accurate The new value associated with any point can be determined using the proportion Ya where Yp is the new value of some displayed point D K is the value from 1 to 100 or 100 to 1 assigned to the cursor at the original scope ordinate value Yaj and Y is the scope ordinate value of the point D 2 16 Thus if a point is one quarter of the
58. th the header INPUT FORMAT and is answered in the same manner as the out put format messages It is possible to change the format of a file by using the TRANS func tion It should be noted however that each format has its own charac teristics therefore numbers which may be represented in one format may be nonexistent in another For example the floating point number 3 5 is a 3 in double precision integer format In general any file may be converted to floating point format without losing any precision When changing the format of a file values in the input file that are out of the range of the output file are set to the closest limit of the format of the output file The format ranges used 2948 Single precision integers 2047 999999 Double precision fractions 999999 838861 x ig Double precision integers 838861 x 197 3 3 FUNCTION CALL FORMAT Each of the six file handling functions is called through Job Control by a statement in the form dev function outdev outfile indev infile The normal sequence of Job Control messages are displayed and answered as described in section 1 5 Default devices are determined in the same manner as explained in section 1 5 All of the file handling func tions return to Job Control after completing the requested operation It is possible to specify an input and or output file by starting block and number of blocks or points rather than by file name by simply not including the name in
59. tion and interpretation facilities are described in this manual Briefly they are 1 DORA Display Oriented Research Analysis display and math routines for viewing and manipulating ac quired data 2 File handling functions seven functions for mani pulating stored data files Three other system functions are described in other manuals Briefly they are l MIDAS Multiple Instrument Data Acquisition System data acquisition of several instruments simultaneously 2 MASH Mass Spectrometer Data Handler acquisition interpretation and filing for low resolution mass specs 3 RE GC Research Gas Chromatography data acquisition and filing for up to eight GC s simultaneously and an off line reporting program 1 2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS The minimum hardware required for AIPOS is PDP 12 40 AIP 12 Analytical Instrument Processor Supported options include RK8 disk cartridge systems 1 3 JOB CONTROL The AIPOS functions are called by issuing a function call command to ssentially a program loader Job Control verifies the Job Control can be run on a Bun hardware configuration activates the requested function and initializes the specified input and output files A system function can only be requested via Job Control Job Control is on the air after AIPOS is loaded initially refer to Appendix A after a CTRL C is typed refer to section 1 7 after a DX command refer to section 1 8 and after
60. to be redisplayed Ihe B is not required during a MOVE command 3 3 For example to specify an input file that starts at block 29 on LINC tape unit 4 and is 47 blocks long a correct reply to the input file message is LT4 2 B47 If this same file contains 390 points a correct reply is LT4 29 P3 20 Note that input data files requested in this manner are treated as if no header block were present Similarly output files are created with out a header block 3 4 THE FUNCTIONS 3 4 1 MOVE The MOVE command is used to copy files onto another tape or disk or to duplicate the file on the same device To move the file LEUCO from disk unit 2 to tape unit 2 and assign it the name ALEUCO the call to Job Control assuming LT is the system device is LT MOVE LT2 ALEUCO DK2 LEUCO This command can also be used to copy an entire volume of data by re questing only the function from Job Control and then replying to the input and output file displays For example to copy the tape on unit 4 to unit 6 the call to Job Control and the file specifications are LT MOVE LT4 8 16 8 LT6 Note that no data format changes are possible during a MOVE command 3 4 2 TRANSFER In addition to moving a file between I O devices the TRANSFER command changes the format of the data The OUTPUT FORMAT message is displayed so that the format can be specified Thus after a call to Job Control such as DK1 TRANS LT1 BUTAMD LT1 B
61. try included in the index can be displayed by typing the letter L and the name of the desired file A file may be deleted permanently from the volume by requesting the D option To facilitate filing operations for special purposes such as replacing a standard waveform the index options Rename and Alias are provided 1 8 When it is desired to have a new output file with the same name as an existing file on the same unit without deleting the old file the name of the old file can be expanded to include an extension such as BAK for backup by using the Rename option The new file can then be created on the same volume and checked out before deleting it in the backup version If the new file is found to be incorrect it can then be deleted and another attempt made at creating it or the backup ver sion can be renamed with the correct name and used as it was initially The Alias feature is most commonly used for a binary program that can perform many functions For example the seven file handling functions described in Chapter 3 use the same basic program internally the specific function to be performed is determined by the function name typed in by the user in the command to Job Control This procedure re lieves the user from having to issue another command to specify the exact function desired after having called the general program Thus using the Alias feature one file handling program is called by any one of six names TRANS C
62. ween the cursors then the argument C is required in the command If that baseline is to be subtracted from all the data points the argument C is omitted 2 8 6 STRIP PEAK A peak or any section of a spectrum can be stripped from the data and replaced by a linear data set using the PEAK STRIP command The cur sors are located on the curve to indicate the region to be replaced and may include any displayed region of the spectrum The peaks are stripped between the cursors from the lower X value to the higher X value An unlimited number of peaks can be removed each will result in the Straight line formed between the cursors replacing the data Because both cursors must be on the same curve before issuing the command an ASSIGN CURSORS statement may be necessary If a CALX operation has al ready been performed on that part of the data to be peak stripped then two connecting lines with different slopes may replace the peak The procedure to strip out a section of data is l Locate the cursors on the curve so they mark the beginning and end of the data to be replaced by a straight line with the slope indicated by the cursors 2 Type the command as PKS alpha where alpha is T or B for the curve to be peak stripped 2 8 7 NORMALIZE When DORA displays a set of data after some mathematical operations the points that are larger than the scope limits of 377 appear at the top of the scope with no definition of the large peaks Also
63. ween the two cursors by a least 7 point squares curve fit routine At least seven data points must be included between the cur sors The algorithm used is t BR Y i Ci N thy 3 tC YiratY a tC Yi41tYi 1 tC CY where Y point to be smoothed Y s smoothed point The format of the SMOOTH command is SMO alpha C where alpha is T or B and C is included only if the portion between cursors is to be smoothed Locate the cursors so they denote the por tion of the waveform to be smoothed before issuing the SMOOTH command 2 9 BINARY COMMANDS The binary commands use both files T and B and place the resultant data in file T The length of the resultant file is always equal to the length of the shorter input file Because no parameters are needed each of the four binary commands is issued simply by typing the ap propriate code followed by a carriage return Each of the binary com mands is described below 2 9 1 ADD File B is added to file T and the sum file displayed in the top of the scope as file T by the command ADD 2 9 2 SUBTRACT File B is subtracted from file T and the difference is placed in file T by using the command SUB 2 21 2 9 3 INVERSE SUBTRACTION The SUBTRACT operation can be reversed via the ISB command file T is subtracted from file B and the difference is placed in file T by the inverse subtraction routine 2 9 4 OFFSET X AXIS When two spectra are displayed at the same time an OFFSET X AXI
64. working areas When no output device is specified the default load unit will contain the first output area and the next sequential LINCtape will contain the second etc For all hardware configurations only LINCtapes are checked for room for a second working area no check is made for disks A Job Control as sembly parameter must be changed for multiple disks The order in which devices are checked is shown graphically The flow can be entered at any device but note that unless a disk is explicitly requested it is not accessed ORDER OF CHECKING SET Poe pene DK ALTP LT1 LT7 gt J after LT7 LT is checked next For example consider a single disk 2 LINCtape unit configuration where the LDP system device is the disk and the command request DORA NA1 NA2 NA3 NA4 The function DORA will be retrieved from DK The first output file NAL will be created on the disk also The second output file NA2 will be placed on the first tape unit That tape unit will also be the device checked for the two input files NA3 and NA4 1 7 RETURNING TO JOB CONTROL OR DIAL Any function in AIPOS can be interrupted at any time by typing CTRL C which causes a return to the initial display of Job Control The pres ent operation is stopped immediately and another can be specified via Job Control Note however that all data in the presently opened output files is lost when CTRL C is typed When J
65. y storage areas for the perma nent files The devices that contain the working areas are derived from the output files specification to Job Control If two output files and hence two devices are specified those devices will hold DORA s working areas If no output file is specified the device that will contain the working area is as defined for default devices section 1 6 For system optimization two output files should be specified particularly for disk configurations that are started from LINCtape so that Job Control is cognizant of all available devices Devices that are not defined in the DORA call to Job Control or do not have a sufficiently large working area are not used by DORA Working area allocation requires that sufficient space is available on the speci fied or default devices If a disk is available DORA tries to put both working areas there rather than one on disk and one on LINCtape for I O optimization For example the call LT DORA DK OF1 LT1 O0F2 DKG IF1 IF2 creates working areas if there is enough space on DK as DK DK DK WA WA WAg If there is not sufficient room the next working area allocation tried I Hj is IFl IF2 DKA WA 2 It is always true that an output device with a working area that is larger than three times the size of the biggest input file plus thirty blocks is big enough to contain all of DORA s working areas DORA requires at least one working area i e output d

DEC-12-SQ1A-D AIPOS Users Manual May71

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