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UC-7420/7410 User`s Manual

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1. eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee nennen nnne nnn 4 1 Telnet EVP secet em ee p qe e OE Rte Re edere Meee ale 4 2 DNS alli ed 4 2 Web Service Apache sis 1 1 ge tt 4 3 Saving a Web Page to the CF Card siinsesse cara yere OHE OTER OR at 4 5 IPTABLES uir eee cirea m aote ere Cut a REO Aides deo A ed 4 6 XEM 4 10 NAT Example 5 8 niue ie di ea 4 10 Enabling NAT at Bootup sse enne ennemi 4 11 Dial up Service PPP Uere ep Pm hU Cu EDU 4 11 O ERU EORR GY ee ante ab ene esa ies Se ate 4 15 NFS Network File System esses ener enne en nnne enr nns 4 18 Setting up UC 7420 7410 as an NES Server sese 4 18 Setting up UC 7420 7410 as an NFS Client esee 4 19 NY Feni EE A RUN RE rU ERE UE RO ER T O 4 19 SNMP een RU ERR ie 4 20 Open VPN etos PO eta e med OE e d erdt dips 4 21 Programmers GUIG6 a as 5 1 Flash Memory Map 4 ie e et td Nerei paene 5 2 Linux Tool Chain Introduction eese eren enne enne entren nr ene tnnt 5 2 Debus sins with GDB rure o llo ita 5 3 D vi e APL 3 edid ode ailedeecdetaed A 5 4 RTC Real Time Clock ui oet ree ete e eg 5 4 BUZO es 5 4 WDT Watch Dog Timed coi certet en etre ete eb o E ren ainia 5 5 VAR Torito sab 5 9 E D E 5 10 KeyP d secs irae EEE E aa Nn aie RR 5 10 Appendix A System Commands ceeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee eenn nennen nnn ereenn A 1 busybo
2. UC 7420 7410 has eight RS 232 422 485 serial ports dual 10 100 Mbps Ethernet ports a PCMCIA interface for wireless LAN communication and CompactFlash and USB port for mass storage flash disk expansion UC 7420 7410 uses an Intel XScale IXP 422 266 Mhz RISC CPU Unlike the X86 CPU which uses a CISC design the IXP 422 s RISC design architecture and modern semiconductor technology provide UC 7420 7410 with a powerful computing engine and communication functions but without generating a lot of heat The built in 32 MB NOR Flash ROM and 128 MB SDRAM give you enough memory to put your application software directly on UC 7420 7410 And since the dual LAN ports are built right into the IXP 422 CPU UC 7420 7410 makes an ideal communication platform for Network Security applications If your application requires placing UC 7420 7410 in a location that is not located near an Ethernet LAN connection you can use UC 7420 7410 s PCMCIA port to attach a wireless LAN card The pre installed Linux operating system provides an open software operating system for your software program development Software written for desktop PCs can be easily ported to the UC 7420 7410 platform with a GNU cross compiler without needing to modify the source code All of the necessary device drivers such as a PCMCIA Wireless LAN module and Keypad LCM and Buzzer control are also included with UC 7420 7410 The Operating System device drivers and the software you develop for yo
3. root Moxa hwclock w root Moxa date hwclock mau mas CY Dese CHO es 2004 Thu Dec 9 10 59 12 2004 0 844076 seconds rootfMoxa NOTE Before using the NTP client utility check your IP and DNS settings to make sure that an Internet connection is available Refer to Chapter 2 for instructions on how to configure the Ethernet interface and see Chapter 4 for DNS setting information Updating the Time Automatically In this subsection we show how to use a shell script to update the time automatically Example shell script to update the system time periodically bin sh ntpdate time nist gov You can use the time server s ip address or domain name directly If you use domain name you must enable the domain client on the system by updating etc resolv conf file hwclock systohc Sleep 100 Updates every 100 seconds The min time is 100 seconds Change 100 to a larger number to update RTC less often Save the shell script using any file name E g fixtime How to run the shell script automatically when the kernel boots up Copy the example shell script fixtime to directory etc init d and then use chmod 755 fixtime to change the shell script mode Next use vi editor to edit the file etc inittab Add the following line to the bottom of the file ntp 2345 respawn etc init d fixtime Use the command sinit q to re init the kernel 3 11 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux
4. File System JFFS2 NFS Ext2 Ext3 VFAT FAT OS shell command bash Busybox Linux normal command utility collection Utilities tinylogin login and user manager utility telnet telnet client program ftp FTP client program smtpclient email utility scp Secure file transfer Client Program Daemons pppd dial in out over serial port daemon snmpd snmpd agent daemon telnetd telnet server daemon inetd TCP server manager program ftpd ftp server daemon apache web server daemon sshd secure shell server nfs user server network file system server openvpn virtual private network openssl open SSL Linux Tool Chain Gcc V3 3 2 C C PC Cross Compiler GDB V5 3 Source Level Debug Server Glibc V2 2 5 POSIX standard C library Windows Tool Chain Gcc V3 3 2 C C PC Cross Compiler GDB V5 3 Source Level Debug Server Glibc V2 2 5 POSIX standard C library Insight V60 1 Windows environment source level debug utility Device Drivers PCMCIA amp Card Bus Wireless LAN Card Bus CF Mass storage CompactFlash USB Flash Disk UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction Software Version Comparison Table The following table is presented to give you a better understanding of the software capabilities of the firmware version you are using Note that some versions including versions that just involved bug fixes may not be included in this table Contact Moxa directly for detailed version information and visit Mox
5. Here we describe the second type of tunnel To begin with check to make sure that the system has a virtual device dev net tun If not issue the following command mknod dev net tun c 10 200 An Ethernet bridge is used to connect different Ethernet networks together The Ethernets are bundled into one bigger logical Ethernet Each Ethernet corresponds to one physical interface or port that is connected to the bridge On each OpenVPN machine you should generate a working directory such as etc openvpn where script files and key files reside Once established all operations will be performed in that directory Setup 1 Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on Different Subnets 1 Setup four machines as shown in the following diagram local net eth1 192 168 2 173 eth0 192 168 2 171 eth0 192 168 8 173 Internet ixp0 192 168 8 174 eth0 192 168 4 172 S ixp1 192 168 4 174 local net Host A B represents one of the machines that belongs to OpenVPN A B The two remote subnets are configured for a different range of IP addresses When this setup is moved to a public network the external interfaces of the OpenVPN machines should be configured for static IPs or connect to another device such as a firewall or DSL box first 4 21 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication 2 Generate a preset shared key by typing the command openvpn genkey secret secrouter key Copy the file t
6. NTPClient Updating the Time Automatically U Cron daemon to Execute Scheduled Commands U Connecting Peripherals gt USB Mass Storage gt CF Mass Storage Ooo UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux System Version Information NOTE To determine the hardware capability of your UC 7420 7410 and what kind of software functions are supported check the version numbers of your UC 7420 7410 s hardware kernel and user file system Contact Moxa to determine the hardware version You will need the Production S N Serial number which is located on UC 7420 7410 s bottom label To check the kernel version type kversion To check the user file system version type fsversion 192 T1683 127 PHTTY root Moxa kversion LAS root Moxa fsversion R S root Moxa The kernel version and user file system version numbers are the same for the factory default configuration and if you download the latest firmware version from Moxa s website and then upgrade UC 7420 7410 s hardware the two version numbers will be the same However to help users define the user file system the kernel and user file system are separate and hence could have different version numbers For this reason we provide two utilities called kversion and fsversion that allow you to check the version numbers of the kernel and file system respectively System Image Backup Upgrading the Firmware A ATTENTION UC 7
7. mount dev cdrom mnt cdrom rpm ivh mnt cdrom mxscaleb 3 3 2 6 i386 rpm The Tool Chain will be installed automatically on your Linux PC within a few minutes Before compiling the program be sure to set the following path first since the ToolChain files including the compiler link library and include files are located in this directory PATH usr local mxscaleb bin PATH Setting the path allows you to run the compiler from any directory Refer to Appendix B for an introduction to the Windows Tool Chain In this chapter we use the Linux tool chain to illustrate the cross compiling process Checking the Flash Memory Space If the flash memory is full you will not be able to save data to the Flash ROM Use the following command to calculate the amount of Available flash memory df h 2 13 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started NOTE 1 Terminal Emulator COM1 115200 None 8 1 T100 E Bl xl Profile Edit PortManager Window Help e RIRI slale sia None 8 1 V T100 Tes done rootfiMoxa etc init df df h or Filesystem Size Used Available Uses Mounted on RTS dev mtdblock3 26 0M 9 0HM 17 0M 35 u 26 0M 9 0M 17 0M 35 2 0M 40 0k 1 8M 2 var 62 1M 0 62 1M 0 dev shm root Moxa fetc init d State OPEN 8m mm cT om EITE If there isn t enough Available space for your application you will need to delete some existing files To do this connect your PC to th
8. 0 0 129 67 1 165 0 0 0 0 UG 0 0 6298 pppO If your output looks similar but doesn t have the destination 0 0 0 0 line which refers to the default route used for connections you may have run pppd without the defaultroute option At this point you can try using Telnet ftp or finger bearing in mind that you ll have to use numeric IP addresses unless you ve set up etc resolv conf correctly Setting up a Machine for Incoming PPP Connections This first example applies to using a modem and requiring authorization with a username and password pppd dev ttyMO 115200 crtscts modem 192 168 16 1 192 168 16 2 login auth You should also add the following line to the file etc ppp pap secrets wor The first star lets everyone login The second star lets every host connect The pair of double quotation marks is to use the file etc passwd to check the password The last star is to let any IP connect The following example does not check the username and password pPPd dev ttyMO 115200 crtscts modem 192 168 16 1 192 168 16 2 4 14 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication PPPoE How to use PPPoE on UC 7408 1 Update two files usr sbin pppd and usr lib pppd 2 4 1 pppoe so on the target UC 7408 for version V1 5 or earlier versions Copy the files from the web or CD ROM and directly update it by the copy command or FTP Connect UC 7408 s LAN port to an ADSL modem with a cross over cable H
9. 1 11 Connecting to a Serial Device n e ne E rennen ener 1 11 Connecting to the Console Port seen enne 1 11 PCMCIA ende eie mu RAE ARAN Bata ie ts 1 11 CompactFlash dite O 1 12 Software Introduce 1 12 Software Architecture eiue he auta ogni eyes tans 1 12 Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 eese 1 13 Software Package A O Ee re ot ER era E 1 14 Software Version Comparison Table essere 1 15 Getting Started inco ere pia mE uu 2 1 Powering On UC 7420 7410 ipee Rt EE ERR ERR 2 2 Connecting UC 7420 7410 to a PC eee 2 2 Serial Console cio nr oerte atur anaes aes 2 2 Telnet Console ivan e RAO eie a dere Gt t es t ede 2 3 SSH Console nee d tree P p EP ree eet 2 4 Configuring the Ethernet Interface sese esse eee eee eee 2 5 Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console eese 2 5 Modifying Network Settings over the Network sse 2 7 Configuring the WLAN via the PCMCIA Interface seen 2 7 IBEES802 T1b ii a 2 7 IBEES802 T18 piston at pa ORE E i E PRIORE aii 2 9 Test Program Developing Hello c eese nennen enne 2 13 Installing the Tool Chain Linux enne ener nnne 2 13 Checking the Flash Memory Space sess 2 13 Compiling Hello accua orion ele res 2 14 Uploading Hello to UC 7420 7410 and Running the Program
10. 174 up etc openvpn A tun sh bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 gw 5 d end Create a configuration file named B tun conf and an executable script file named B tun sh on OpenVPN B remote 192 168 8 173 dev tun secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 ifconfig 192 168 4 174 192 168 2 173 up etc openvpn B tun sh bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 gw 5 d end Note that the parameter ifconfig defines the first argument as the local internal interface and the second argument as the internal interface at the remote peer Note that 5 is the argument that the OpenVPN program passes to the script file Its value is the second argument of ifconfig in the configuration file 3 Check the routing table after you run the OpenVPN programs by typing the command route Destination Gateway Genmsk Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192 168 4 174 i 255 255 255 255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 192 168 4 0 192 168 4 174 255 255 255 0 UG 0 0 0 tun 192 168 2 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 ixpl 192 168 8 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 ixpO 4 27 Programme
11. 2 15 Developing Your First Application ss sss sss ssssss essere ereer enrere renne renen 2 15 Testing Environment 2 25 arn UHR E pes 2 15 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Compiling Ops Catia 2 16 Uploading tcps2 release and Running the Program eee 2 17 Testing Procedure Summary eese ener nre enne 2 19 Managing Embedded Linux eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenn nnne 3 1 System Version Information esee eren eene trennen nennen nein nre nne nene 3 2 System Image Backup hr eate e e te RR i tee te p iere R 3 2 Upgrading the Firtnware 45h me eie nda gd Aetas 3 2 Loading Factory D taults nio etre er tend 3 5 Backing Up the User File System sese 3 5 Deploying the User File System to Additional UC 7420 7410 Units 3 6 Enabling and Disabling Dacenmong sss sss sese eee seene 3 7 Setting the R n Levels nee Ehe Rp P RU p Re bees 3 9 Adjusting the System TIME nia erbe bp n Geek ats 3 10 Setting the Time Manually ressursen reta o E e n 3 10 NTP e beg nI UAR Reha Ugo AA IMS 3 11 Updating the Time Automatically sees sese 3 11 Cron daemon to Execute Scheduled Commands see 3 12 Connecting Peripherals 212 nent erm E pO n RERO RR AR eR 3 12 USB Mass Storage ace thee it a faa e e p d eR 3 12 CE Mass Storage eet teet er eer ette p Pete bert cad 3 13 Managing Communications
12. Cron daemon to Execute Scheduled Commands This function is only available for firmware version V1 5 and later versions Start Cron from the directory etc rc d rc local It will return immediately so you don t need to start it with amp to run the background The Cron daemon will search etc cron d crontab for crontab files which are named after accounts in etc passwd Cron wakes up every minute and checks each command to see if it should be run in the current minute When executing commands output is mailed to the owner of the crontab or to the user named in the MAILTO environment variable in the crontab if such a user exists Modify the file etc cron d crontab to set up your scheduled applications Crontab files have the following format mm h dom mon dow user command month hour date month week user command 0 59 0 23 1 31 1 12 0 6 0 is Sunday The following example demonstrates how to use Cron How to use cron to update the system time and RTC time every day at 8 00 STEP1 Write a shell script named fixtime sh and save it to home bin sh ntpdate time nist gov hwclock systohc exit 0 STEP2 Change mode of fixtime sh chmod 755 fixtime sh STEP3 Modify etc cron d crontab file to run fixtime sh at 8 00 every day Add the following line to the end of crontab 8 root home fixtime sh STEP4 Enable the cron daemon manually etc init d cron start STEPS Enable cro
13. D MQ AaA GO n O o Rh RTSThreshold Sets the RTS threshold Setting 1 to 2347 FragThreshold Sets the fragment threshold Setting 256 to 2346 2 12 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started Test Program Developing Hello c In this section we use the standard Hello programming example to illustrate how to develop a program for UC 7420 7410 In general program development involves the following seven steps Step 1 A Connect UC 7420 7410 to a Linux PC Step 2 Install Tool Chain GNU Cross Compiler amp glibc Step 3 Set the cross compiler and glibc environment variables Step 4 Code and compile the program Step 5 Download the program to UC 7420 7410 Via FTP or NFS Step 6 Debug the program If bugs are found return to Step 4 gt If no bugs are found continue with Step 7 Step 7 Back up the user directory distribute the program to additional UC 7420 7410 units if needed Cross Compiler Installing the Tool Chain Linux NOTE The PC must have the Linux Operating System pre installed before installing the UC 7420 7410 GNU Tool Chain Redhat 7 3 8 0 Fedora core and compatible versions are recommended The Tool Chain requires about 100 MB of hard disk space on your PC The UC 7420 7410 Tool Chain software is located on the UC 7420 7410 CD To install the Tool Chain insert the CD into your PC and then issue the following commands
14. address Steps 2 amp 3 mkdir p home nfs public mount t nfs NFS Server IP directory mount point Example mount t nfs 192 168 3 100 home public home nfs public smtpclient is a minimal SMTP client that takes an email message body and passes it on to an SMTP server It is suitable for applications that use email to send alert messages or important logs to a specific user 4 19 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication NOTE Click on the following link for more information about smtpclient http www engelschall com sw smtpclient To send an email message use the smtpclient utility which uses SMTP protocol Type smtpclient help to see the help message Example smtpclient s test f sender icompany com S IP address receiver icompany com lt mail body message s The mail subject f Sender s mail address S SMTP server IP address The last mail address receiver company com is the receiver s e mail address mail body message is the mail content The last line of the body of the message should contain ONLY the period character You will need to add your hostname to the file etc hosts SNMP UC 7420 7410 has built in SNMP V1 Simple Network Management Protocol agent software It supports RFC1317 RS 232 like group and RFC 1213 MIB II The following simple example allows you to use an SNMP browser on the host site to query the UC 7420 7410 which is the SNMP agent UC 742
15. and off when Ethernet packets 2 ETx are being transmitted or received 3 ERx The bottom left corner LED indicator maintains a 4 ESE 1 8 solid orange color when the cable is properly 5 um connected to a 10 Mbps Ethernet network The 6 ERx LED will flash on and off when Ethernet packets 7 are being transmitted or received 8 Connecting to a Serial Device Use properly wired serial cables to connect UC 7420 7410 to serial devices UC 7420 7410 s serial ports P1 to P8 use 8 pin RJ45 connectors The ports can be configured by software for RS 232 RS 422 or 2 wire RS 485 The precise pin assignments are shown in the following table Pin RS 232 RS 422 RS 485 ITITITIT 1 DSR m k 3 2 RTS TXD 3 GND GND GND 4 TXD TXD E 5 RXD RXD Data 6 DCD RXD Data 7 CTS EE S 8 DTR m E Connecting to the Console Port UC 7420 7410 s console port is an 8 pin RJ45 RS 232 port The port can be used to connect to the console utility from a remote console via a V90 or GPRS modem with PPP protocol The pin definition is the same as for the serial ports P1 to P8 For normal data acquisition applications you should connect to UC 7420 7410 s serial ports P1 to P8 via a V90 or GPRS modem If you would like to use the console port for normal data acquisition applications you can set the Console port to startup via PPP prot
16. directory This special Makefile uses the mxscale gcc compiler to compile the hello c source code for the Xscale environment If you type the make command from any other directory Linux will use the x86 compiler for example cc or gcc Refer to Chapter 5 to see a Make file example 2 14 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started Uploading Hello to UC 7420 7410 and Running the Program Use the following command to upload hello release to the UC 7420 7410 via FTP 1 From the PC type ftp 192 168 3 127 2 Use bin command to set the transfer mode to Binary mode and the put command to initiate the file transfer ftp gt bin ftp gt put hello release 3 From the UC 7420 7410 type chmod x hello release hello release The word Hello will be printed on the screen root Moxa hello release Hello Developing Your First Application We use the tcps2 example to illustrate how to build an application for UC 7420 7410 The procedure outlined in the following subsections will show you how to build a TCP Server program plus serial port communication that runs on the UC 7420 7410 Testing Environment The tcps2 example demonstrates a simple application program that delivers transparent bi directional data transmission between UC 7420 7410 s serial and Ethernet ports As illustrated in the following figure the purpose of this application is to transfer data between PC 1 and the UC 7420 7410 via an RS 232 c
17. factory default settings To reset an embedded linux system always use the software reboot command gt reboot to protect the integrity of data being transmitted or processed The Reset to default button is not designed to hard reboot UC 7420 7410 ATTENTION Reset to default preserves user s data The Reset to default button will NOT format the user directory and erase the user s data Pressing the Reset to default button will only load the configuration file All files in the etc directory will revert to their factory defaults but other User Data will still exist in the Flash ROM If you need to load the default System Image file refer to the System Image Backup section in Chapter 3 Reset to Default supported by hardware versions V1 2 and higher The Reset to default button is only supported after hardware version V1 2 You can identify the hardware version from UC 7420 7410 s bottom label You will need to contact Moxa to determine the version of your product s hardware When contacting our customer support team you will need to provide the product s Serial Number S N which can be found on UC 7420 7410 s bottom label Real Time Clock UC 7420 7410 s real time clock is powered by a lithium battery We strongly recommend that you do not replace the lithium battery without help from a qualified Moxa support engineer If you need to change the battery contact Moxa RMA service team WARNING There is a risk of explosion if
18. ixp0 j SNAT to source 192 168 3 127 or 6 iptables t nat A POSTROUTING o ixp0 j MASQUERADE Enabling NAT at Bootup In the most of real world situations you will want to use a simple shell script to enable NAT when UC 7420 7410 boots up The following script is an example bin bash If you put this shell script in the home nat sh Remember to chmod 744 home nat sh Edit the rc local file to make this shell startup automatically vi etc rc d rc local Add a line in the end of rc local home nat sh EXIF ixp0 This is an external interface for setting up a valid IP address EXNET 192 168 4 0 24 d This is an internal network address Step 1 Insert modules Here 2 dev null means the standard error messages will be dump to null device modprobe ip tables 2 dev null modprobe ip nat ftp 2 dev null modprobe ip nat irc 2 dev null modprobe ip conntrack 2 dev null modprobe ip conntrack ftp 2 dev null modprobe ip conntrack irc 2 dev null Step 2 Define variables enable routing and erase default rules PATH bin sbin usr bin usr sbin usr local bin usr local sbin export PATH echo 1 proc sys net ipv4 ip forward sbin iptables F sbin iptables X sbin iptables Z sbin iptables F t nat sbin iptables X t nat sbin iptables Z t nat sbin iptables P INPUT ACCEPT sbin iptables P OUTPUT ACCEPT sbin iptables P FORWARD ACCEPT sbin iptables t nat P PREROUT
19. keys 0 means no keys were pressed int ioctl fd IOCTL KEYPAD GET KEY int key Gets the value of the last key that was pressed This functions only reads one key value for each function call The value of the key value is returned in argument 3 5 10 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Programmer s Guide Special Note 1 UC 7420 7410 s kernel will store the pressed key history in a buffer The maximum buffer size is 31 keys If the buffer overflows the first key of the 31 that was pressed will be dropped without sounding the buzzer 2 Currently UC 7420 7410 does NOT support pressing more than 1 key at the same time Make File Example The following Makefile file example codes are copied from the Hello example on UC 7420 7410 s CD ROM CC usr local mxscaleb mxscaleb gcc CPP usr local mxscaleb mxscaleb gcc SOURCES hello c OBJS SOURCES c 0 all hello hello OBJS CC o LDFLAGS LIBS clean rm f OBJS hello core gdb A System Commands busybox V0 60 4 Linux normal command utility collection File manager Editor Network LOG UO CI QNUM OY ba o 2X Qu Ete cp Is In mount rm chmod chown chgrp sync mv pwd df mkdir rmdir vi cat zcat grep cut find more test sleep echo ping route netstat ifconfig tftp telnet ftp copy file list file make symbolic link file mount and check file system delete file change file
20. not a special baudrate e g 50 75 110 134 150 200 300 600 1200 1800 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 230400 460800 921600 the termios cflag will be set to the same flag 2 Ifyou use tty to get the serial information you will get speed equal to 0 UC 7420 7410 only supports text mode display with screen size of 16 cols by 8 rows The device node is dev 1cm See the examples given below We provide a private struct defined as follows typedef struct lcm_xy int x col value the arrange is 0 15 int y raw value the arrange is 0 7 lcm xy t Examples int ioctl fd IOCTL LCM GOTO XY lcm xy t pos Move the cursor position to x col y raw position The argument 3 is the new position value int ioctl fd IOCTL LCM CLS NULL Clears the LCM display int ioctl fd IOCTL LCM CLEAN LINE NULL To change one line to all spaces in the current row and move the cursor to the 0 column of this TOW int ioctl fd IOCTL LCM GET XY lcm xy t pos Get the current cursor position The value will be returned in argument 3 int ioctl fd IOCTL LCM BACK LIGH ON NULL Turns the LCM back light on int ioctl fd IOCTL LCM BACK LIGHT OFF NULL Turns the LCM back light off KeyPad The device node is dev keypad The key value is defined in moxadevice h int ioctl fd IOCTL KEYPAD HAS PRESS int flag Checks how many keys have been pressed Argument 3 returns the number of pressed
21. octet string View based Access Control Model for SNMP octet string The SNMP Management Architecture MIB octet string The MIB for Message Processing and Dispatching octet string The management information definitions for the SNMP User based Security Model timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 04th 4 timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 09th timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 09th timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 09th timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 09th timeticks O days 00h 00m 00s 19th timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 22th timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 22th timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 22th 23 system 9 1 3 7 24 system 9 1 3 8 25 system 9 1 3 9 26 system 9 1 4 1 27 system 9 1 4 2 28 system 9 1 4 3 29 system 9 1 4 4 30 system 9 1 4 5 31 system 9 1 4 6 32 system 9 1 4 7 33 system 9 1 4 8 34 system 9 1 4 9 LO O KO cO N N To MMO N 4 20 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication SNMP QUERY FINISHED NOTE Click on the following links for more information about MIB II and RS 232 like group http www faqs org rfes rfc1213 html http www fags org rfcs rfc1317 html gt UC 7420 7410 does NOT support SNMP trap The following tables list the variables supported by UC 7420 7410 Open VPN This function is only available for firmware version V1 5 and later versions OpenVPN provides two types of tunnels for users to implement VPNS Routed IP Tunnels and Bridged Ethernet Tunnels
22. request an IP address dynamically replace static with dhcp and then delete the address network netmask and broadcast lines Default Setting for LANI Dynamic Setting using DHCP iface ixpO inet static iface ixpO inet dhcp address 192 168 3 127 network 192 168 3 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 3 255 11 115200 N0ne 8 1 V T100 Profile Edit PortManager Window Help SI BIA alaale 2n E CO 1 V T100 Tes auto ixpO ixpl lo iface lo inet loopback iface ixp0 inet dhcp iface ixpl inet dhcp 3 After the boot settings of the LAN interface have been modified issue the following command to activate the LAN settings immediately etc init d networking restart 2 6 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started NOTE After changing the IP settings use the networking restart command to activate the new IP address However the LCM display will still show the old IP address To update the LCM display you will need to reboot the UC 7420 7410 Modifying Network Settings over the Network IP settings can be activated over the network but the new settings will not be saved to the flash ROM without modifying the file etc network interfaces For example type the command ifconfig ixp0 192 168 1 1 to change the IP address of LANI to 192 168 1 1 ga PComm Terminal Emulator COM1 115200 None 8 1 WT100 E Bl x Profile Edit PortManager Window Help 4 NRI SEI xn E COM1 115200 None 8 1
23. restart the Apache web server cd etc init d apache restart 4 5 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication Step4 Open your browser and connect to the UC 7420 7410 by typing the current LANI IP address in the browser s address box HTMLA Test Suite Mozilla Firefox File Edit View Go Bookmarks Tools Help 3 D E S O MRS 1683190 v Q amp El Getting Started E Latest Headlines HTML4 Test Suite Contents 1 HTML Test Suite Documentation Documentation for the HTML4 01 Test Suite 2 HTML Test Suite Assertions Assertions from the W3C HTML 4 01 Specification 3 HTML Test Suite Tests Tests created to test assertions from the W3C HTML 4 01 Specification Feedback regarding the HTML4 Test Suite should be sent to www html testsuite w3 org vec The HTML4 Test Suite is an effort of the World Wide Web Consortium based on a contribution Copyright Microsoft Corporation All Rights Reserved 2002 from Microsoft on behalf of Microsoft Corporation Openwave Systems Inc and America Online Inc W3C Copyright 2002 2003 W3C MIT ERCIM Keio All Rights Reserved W3C liability trademark document use and softvare licensing rules apply NOTE Visit the Apache website at http httpd apache org docs for more information about setting up an Apache server IPTABLES IPTABLES is an administrative tool for setting up maintaining and inspecting the Linux ke
24. root Moxa etc ps ef nel VmSize Stat Command root 1296 gatie root keventd root ksotftirgd_CPUOl root kswapd root bdflush root kupdated root mtdblockd TOOR khubd root Teresa eee T root pazo sa root ixp425 ixp0 root stdef root ixp425 ixpl root usr sbin inetd root usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody use SBI hEtod bin sbin portmap 104 root Use Soin coc Stata 108 root usr sbin snmpd s 1 dev null 110 root usr sbin snmptrapd s IS ao Sbin cardmgr IAS TOGE usr sbin rpc nfsd 145 root usr sbin rpc mountd 152 Toot usr sbin sshd 160 xot bin reportip 161 root bin massupfirm l62 root P sbin getty 115200 reysti 163g E OO sbin getty 115200 ttyS1 166 root bin massupfirm 167 root bin massupfirm O OOE usr sbin sshd IAL Oe bash 182 root ps ef root Moxa ect L L L S S S S S S S S S D S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S To run a private daemon you can edit the file rc local as follows cd etc rc d dvi rc local UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux root Moxa cd etc rc d root Moxa etc rce d vi rc local Next use the vi open your application program We use the example program tcps2 release and put it to run in the background bin sh Add you want to run daemon root tcps2 release amp
25. special baud rate the termios cflag will be B4000000 in which case the B4000000 define will be different If the baud rate you get from termios or from calling tcgetattr is B4000000 you must call ioctl with MOXA GET SPECIAL BAUD RATE to get the actual baud rate Example to set the baud rate include lt moxadevice h gt include lt termios h gt struct termiosterm int fd speed fd open dev ttyM0 O_RDWR tcgetattr fd amp term term c_cflag amp CBAUD CBAUDEX term c_cflag B4000000 tcsetattr fd TCSANOW amp term speed 500000 ioctl fd MOXA SET SPECIAL BAUD RATE amp speed Example to get the baud rate include lt moxadevice h gt include lt termios h gt struct termiosterm int fd speed fd open dev ttyM0 O_RDWR tcgetattr fd amp term if term c_cflag amp CBAUD CBAUDEX B4000000 follow the standard termios baud rate define else ioctl fd MOXA GET SPECIAL BAUD RATE amp speed 5 9 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Programmer s Guide Baud rate inaccuracy Divisor 921600 Target Baud Rate Only Integer part ENUM 8 921600 Targer Divisor Round up or down Inaccuracy Target Baud Rate 921600 Divisor ENUM 8 10096 E g To calculate 500000 bps Divisor 1 ENUM 7 Inaccuracy 1 7 The Inaccuracy should less than 2 for work reliably Special Note LCM 1 If the target baud rate is
26. 0 7410 will respond SNMP QUERY STARTED 1 sysDescr 0 octet string Linux Moxa 2 4 18 mvI30 ixdp425 1049 Tue Oct 26 09 34 15 CST 2004 armv5teb 2 sysObjectlD O object identifier enterprises 2021 250 10 3 sysUpTime 0 timeticks 0 days 00h 41m 54s 47th 251447 4 sysContact 0 octet string Root lt root localhost gt configure etc snmp snmp local conf 5 sysName 0 octet string Moxa 6 sysLocation 0 octet string Unknown configure etc snmp snmp local conf 7 system 8 0 timeticks 0 days 00h 00m 00s 22th 22 8 system 9 1 2 1 object identifier mib 2 31 9 system 9 1 2 2 object identifier internet 6 3 1 10 system 9 1 2 3 object identifier mib 2 49 11 system 9 1 2 4 object identifier ip 12 system 9 1 2 5 object identifier mib 2 50 13 system 9 1 2 6 object identifier internet 6 3 16 2 2 1 14 system 9 1 2 7 object identifier internet 6 3 10 3 1 1 15 system 9 1 2 8 object identifier internet 6 3 11 3 1 1 16 system 9 1 2 9 object identifier internet 6 3 15 2 1 1 17 system 9 1 3 1 octet string The MIB module to describe generic objects for network interface sub layers 18 system 9 1 3 2 octet string The MIB module for SNMPv2 entities 19 system 9 1 3 3 octet string The MIB module for managing TCP implementations 20 system 9 1 3 4 octet string The MIB module for managing IP and ICMP implementations 21 system 9 1 3 5 octet string The MIB module for managing UDP implementations 22 system 9 1 3 6
27. 0M 35 dev ram2 2 0M 42 0k ac A yene tmpfs 62 1M 0 62 1M 0 dev shm dev raml 29 0M 13 0k 27 5M 0 mnt ramdisk root8 Moxa mnt ramdiskf backupuf mnt ramdisk usrfs backup Sync the file system Now backup the user root file system Please wait Backup user root file system OK rootGMoxa mnt ramdiskf UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux Deploying the User File System to Additional UC 7420 7410 Units NOTE For some applications you may need to ghost one UC 7420 7410 user file system to other UC 7420 7410 units The specific commands used to carry out this procedure depend on whether the firmware version is earlier or later than version V1 5 Firmware versions earlier than V1 5 not including V1 5 Type the following commands to force the system to jump to the Mini File System mv etc inittab etc inittab bak reboot r now upramdisk Use ftp to download the backup file of the user file system from the PC to the mnt ramdisk directory Hb mnt ramdisk usrdisk reboot r now Firmware version V1 5 and later versions Back up the user file system to a PC refer to the previous subsection Backing Up the User File System for instructions and then type the following commands to copy the backup to additional UC 7420 7410 units upramdisk cd mnt ramdisk upfirm usrfs backup 192 1683 127 PUTTY root Moxa mnt ramdisk ls al wa e root 1024 Jun 15 02 47 drwzre xr Ils Yereyox
28. 0a 0b 0c 0d yin y adhoc n infrastructure UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started IEEE802 11g The following IEEE802 11g wireless modules are supported ASUS WL 107g CNET CWC 854 181D version Edmiax EW 7108PCg Amigo AWP 914W GigaByte GN WMKG Other brands that use the Ralink RT2500 series chip set To configure the WLAN for IEEE802 11g 1 2 Unplug the CardBus Wireless LAN card first Use the command vi etc networking interfaces to open the interfaces configuration file with vi editor and then edit the 802 11g network settings circled in red in the following figure ER PComm Terminal Emulator COM1 115200 N0ne 8 1 V T100 Profile Edit PortManager Window Help e BIA alale 22 EC OM1 115200 N0ne 8 1 V T100 fe f embedded ethernet LANL iface ixp0 inet static address 192 168 3 127 network 192 168 3 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 3 255 8 embedded ethernet LANZ iface ixpl inet static address 192 168 4 127 network 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 S02 11g Gigabyte Cardbus wireless card iface ethO inet static address 192 168 5 127 network 192 168 5 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 5 255 f An example ethernet card setup broadcast and gateway are optional E etc network interfaces line l of 162 0 State OPEN M e Got Break Signa 2 9 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started 3 Additional WLAN parameters
29. 1 02 03 04 05 06 iptables A INPUT i ixp0 p all m mac mac source 01 02 03 04 05 06 j DROP NOTE In Example 8 remember to issue the command modprobe ipt mac first to load module ipt mac NAT Network Address Translation protocol translates IP addresses used on one network different IP addresses used on another network One network is designated the inside network and the other is the outside network Typically UC 7420 7410 connects several devices on a network and maps local inside network addresses to one or more global outside IP addresses and un maps the global IP addresses on incoming packets back into local IP addresses NOTE Click on the following link for more information about iptables and NAT http www netfilter org documentation HOWTO NAT HOWTO html NAT Example The IP address of all packets leaving LANI are changed to 192 168 3 127 you will need to load the module ipt_ MASQUERADE IP Netmask 192 168 3 100 24 Gateway 192 168 3 127 PCI Linux or Windows LANI LANl ixp0 192 168 3 127 24 UC 7420 LAN2 ixpl 192 168 4 127 24 LAN2 PC2 Linux or Windows IP Netmask 192 168 4 100 24 Gateway 192 168 4 127 NAT Area Private IP 4 10 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication ehco 1 gt proc sys net ipv4 ip forward modprobe iptable nat modprobe ip conntract modprobe ipt_MASQUERADE oF WD KA iptables t nat A POSTROUTING o
30. 2 release root Moxa ls al drwxr xr x 2 root root 0 awen 12 Chapas KTR lo TOOT root 0 ars dl root root aer neuer 10 OS Jos li ona rwxr xr x l root root KS eia 12 OS root Moxa 2 17 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started 4 The program should start running in the background Use either the jobs or ps ef command to check if the tcps2 program is actually running in the background jobs use this command to check if the program is running root Moxa ls al Glee A OE root O aa dE gi OLNI nace E TOOT BO Oe 0 Jan 1 1970 K gt gt gt castelexs root ISIE uti 10 Mesillas GDS E ones cues 1 root root 4996 Jun 12 02 15 tcps2 release root Moxa chmod x tcps2 release root Moxa ls al WR A E KOOG 0 Jun drwxr xr x 15 root ROO 0 Jan rw Jb so e root 899 Jun bash history rwXxr x I TOOT root 4996 Jun root CMoxa nottemy etpSZ release amp jor 187 start root Moxa jobs el L Running tcps2 release root MO mensi NOTE Use the kill command for job number 1 to terminate this program Skill 1 ps ef use this command to check if the program is running 1 Running tcps2 release root Moxa ps ef PTO Uid VmSize Stat Command root 1296 S ima root keventd root ksoftirgqd_CPUO root kswapd root bdflush Kaele kupdated root mtdblockd root khubd root Ere eee meca root EMxp125 et root ixp425 1xp0 Te E E RIT root stdef POOE us
31. 34 dev ram2 2 0M 40 0k 1 8M 2 var tmpfs 62 1M 0 62 1M 0 dev shm dev raml 29 001 U3 0k 27 56 0 nnt rsamdisk root Moxa cd mnt ramdisk root Moxa mnt ramdisk The following instructions give the steps required to save the firmware file to UC 7420 7410 s RAM disk and then upgrade the firmware 1 Type the following commands to enable the RAM disk upramdisk cd mnt ramdisk 2 Type the following commands to use UC 7420 7410 s built in FTP client to transfer the firmware file uc7400 x x x frm from the PC to UC 7420 7410 mnt ramdisk gt ftp lt destination PC s IP gt Login Name xxxx Login Password xxxx ftp gt bin ftp get uc7400 x x x frm 5 dl adl root Moxa mnt ramdisk ftp 192 16 Connected to 192 0165 3 193 192 16 220 TYPSoft FTP Server 1 10 ready Name 192 168 3 193 ro0t root 331 Password required for root Password 230 User root logged in Remote system type is UNIX Using binary mode to transfer files ftp gt cd newsw 250 CWD command successful C ftproot newsw is current directory ftp bin 200 Type set to I mos due 200 Port command successful 150 Opening data connection for directory list drw rw rw EITS eee D Now 30 10 03 drw rw rw eT U Now 30 10 03 rw rWw rw mas Eo LSSI Mov 29 10322 we yA 20 1 5 15 Exit meo EED 8778996 Nov 29 10 24 el IS Bas BaS dl 1 1 JL EW AGG L UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux 226 Tran
32. 420 7410 s bios kernel mini file system and user file system are combined into one firmware file which can be downloaded from Moxa s website www moxa com The name of the file has the form uc7400 x x x frm with x x x indicating the firmware version To upgrade the firmware download the firmware file to a PC and then transfer the file to the UC 7420 7410 unit via a serial Console or Telnet Console connection Upgrading the firmware will erase all data on the Flash ROM If you are using the ramdisk to store code for your applications beware that updating the firmware will erase all of the data on the Flash ROM You should back up your application files and data before updating the firmware 3 2 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux Since different Flash disks have different sizes it s a good idea to check the size of your Flash disk before upgrading the firmware or before using the disk to store your application and data files Use the d h command to list the size of each memory block and how much free space is available in each block rooteMoxaicq dr h Filesystem Size Used Available Use Mounted on dev mtdblock3 26 0M 8 9M 7M 3429 dev mtdblock3 26 0M 8 9M 17 1M 34 dev ram2 2 0M 40 0k 1 8M 2 var tmpfs 62 1M 0 62 1M 0 dev shm root Moxa upramdisk root Moxa df h Filesystem Size Used Available Use Mounted on dev mtdblock3 26 0M 8 9M IT 1M 349 X dev mtdblock3 26 0M 8 9M 17 1M
33. COM1 115200 None 8 1 Y Tn Tm FootfiMoxa cd etc network roo StateOPEN M mm cm mm EITE 2 Type vi interfaces to edit the network configuration file with vi editor You can configure UC 7420 7410 s Ethernet ports for static or dynamic DHCP IP addresses Static IP addresses As shown below 4 network addresses need to be modified address network netmask and broadcast The default IP addresses are 192 168 3 127 for LANI and 192 168 4 127 for LAN2 with default netmask of 255 255 255 0 2 5 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started gaPComm Terminal Emulator COMI 115200 None 8 1 T100 Profile Edit PortManager Window Help e BIA alale ale E COM1 115200 None 8 1 T100 Tes s f See the interfaces 5 manpage for information on what options are org available ers SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSISSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSESESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSESSESSSES f We always want the loopback interface auto ixpO ixpl lo iface lo inet loopback iface ixp0 inet static address 192 168 3 127 network 192 168 3 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 3 255 address 192 168 4 127 network 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 broadcast 192 168 4 255 f n example ethernet card setup broadcast and gateway are optional s Insert StateOPEN mm m mm ERNEST Dynamic IP addresses By default UC 7420 7410 is configured for static IP addresses To configure one or both LAN ports to
34. During this time the kernel will start searching for system configuration parameters via rc or inittab Normally the kernel uses the User Root File System to boot up the system The Mini Root File System is protected and cannot be changed by the user providing a safe zone The kernel will only use the Mini Root File System when the User Root File System crashes For more information about the memory map and programming refer to Chapter 5 Programmer s Guide Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 The User Root File System in the flash memory is formatted with the Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 The formatting process places a compressed file system in the flash memory transparent to the user The Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 which was developed by Axis Communications in Sweden puts a file system directly on the flash instead of emulating a block device It is designed for use on flash ROM chips and recognizes the special write requirements of a flash ROM chip JFFS2 implements wear leveling to extend the life of the flash disk and stores the flash directory structure in the RAM A log structured file system is maintained at all times The system is always consistent even if it encounters crashes or improper power downs and does not require fsck file system check on boot up JFFS2 is the newest version of JFFS It provides improved wear leveling and garbage collection performance improved RAM footprint and respo
35. E vlan2 n etc wlancfg wlancfg DEFAULT are used for example E SSID_wlan0 linux wlan f This expects a file called etc wlan wlancfg linux wlan to be present f Use a SSID of to associate with any network in range ii Consult your network administrator for SSID required in your wireless network For example SSID waln0 any Enable wlan0zyll 4 Duplicate the configuration profile to a new profile cp etc wlan wlancfg DEFAULT etc wlan wlancfg any Copy configuration profile DEFAULT to new configuration profile any 5 Configure the WEP setting if WEP is required on your wireless network vi etc wlan wlancfg any ctllWEELD If ERIV keys just a convenience PRIV_GENERATCR sbin nwepgen Z nwepgen Neesus compatible PRIV RKEY128 false keylength to generate PRIV GENSIR dotllWEFDefaultKey2 EP Settings only matter if PrivacyInvcked is true lnxreq hostWEEEncrypt false true false Inxreg_hostWEPlecryept false ctllEPrivacyInvoked alse aGtllWEFDefaultReyID 0 dotllExcludeUnencrypted false true false true false 0111213 true false in AP this means WEF is required GENSTR is nct empty use ERIV_CENTSTR tc generate or set them explicitly Set genstr or keys not both otllWEFPDefaultKeyO0 format XX XX XX XX XX or faultKey1 t XXIXRINXNXINXINXINXXIXX XXIXX XXlXXIXX XX e g 01 20 03 40 08 ar t 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
36. ING ACCEPT sbin iptables t nat P POSTROUTING ACCEPT sbin iptables t nat P OUTPUT ACCEPT 4 Step 3 Enable IP masquerade Dial up Service PPP PPP Point to Point Protocol is used to run IP Internet Protocol and other network protocols over a serial link PPP can be used for direct serial connections using a null modem cable over a Telnet link and links established using a modem over a telephone line Modem PPP access is almost identical to connecting directly to a network through UC 7420 7410 s Ethernet port Since PPP is a peer to peer system UC 7420 7410 can also use PPP to link two networks or a local network to the Internet to create a Wide Area Network WAN 4 11 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication NOTE Click on the following links for more information about ppp http tldp org HOWTO PPP HOWTO index html http axion physics ubc ca ppp linux html The pppd daemon is used to connect to a PPP server from a Linux system For detailed information about pppd see the man page Example 1 Connecting to a PPP server over a simple dial up connection The following command is used to connect to a PPP server by modem Use this command for old ppp servers that prompt for a login name replace username with the correct name and password replace password with the correct password Note that debug and defaultroute 192 1 1 17 are optional pppd connect chat v ATDT5551212 CONNECT o
37. OFTWARE Apache 2 0 42 Unix t t t to tn tn tn tn Ui Pi bi p 3 9 n To open the default CGI test script report page type http 192 168 3 127 cgi bin test cgi in your browser s address box 2 Mozilla Firefox Fie Edit View Go Bookmarks Tools Help da gt g A C http 192 168 3 127 cgi binltest cgi v 9 IGL Getting Started EX Latest Headlines 1 0 test script report argc is 0 argv is Apache 2 0 42 Unix SERVER_PORT REQUEST_METHOD GET HTTP_ACCEPT text xml application xmi application xhtmlsxml text html q 0 9 text plain q 0 8 image png q 0 5 NFO L NSLATED IPT NAME cgi bin test cgi QUERY STRING REMOTE HOST REMOTE_ADDR REMOTE_USER NOTE The CGI function is enabled by default If you want to disable the function modify the file etc apache httpd conf When you develop your own CGI application make sure your CGI file is executable 192 168 3 127 PuTTY root Moxa usr www cgi b drwxr xr x root root 0 Aug 24 1999 root root 0 Nov 5 16 16 root root 268 Dec 19 2002 IWXYI XI X root root 757 Aug 24 1999 root Moxa usr www cgi bin 4 4 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication Saving a Web Page to the CF Card Since some applications will have web pages that take up a lot of memory space you will need to be able to run the homepage and other pages from the CF card In this section we use a simple example to illu
38. PI The user application must include lt moxadevic h gt and link moxalib a A makefile example is shown below all mxscaleb gcc o xxxx xxxx c lmoxalib int swtd open void Description Open the file handle to control the sWatchDog If you want to do something you must first to this And keep the file handle to do other Input None Output The return value is file handle If has some error it will return 0 value You can get error from errno int swtd enable int fd unsigned long time Description Enable application sWatchDog And you must do ack after this process Input int fd the file handle from the swtd open return value unsigned long time The time you wish to ack sWatchDog periodically You must ack the sWatchDog before timeout If you do not ack the system will be reboot automatically The minimal time is 50 msec the maximum time is 60 seconds The time unit is msec Output OK will be zero The other has some error to get the error code from errno 5 5 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Programmer s Guide int swtd disable int fd Description Disable the application to ack sWatchDog And the kernel will be auto ack it User does not to do it at periodic Input int fd the file handle from swtd_open return value Output OK will be zero The other has some error to get error code from errno int swtd get int fd int mode unsigned long time Description Get current setting v
39. T100 Tes root Moxa ifconfig ixp0 192 168 1 1 root Moxa State OPEN E mm cT me SEITE Configuring the WLAN via the PCMCIA Interface IEEE802 11b The following IEEE802 11b wireless modules are supported NDC NWH1010 Senao NL 2511CD PLUS F200 Senao NL 2511CD PLUS EXT2 MERCURY ETSI Senao NI3 2511CD PLUS3 DARK DKW11 330HP DARK XI 330H Planex PCI GW NS11H Corega CG WLPCCL 11 To configure the WLAN for IEEE802 1 1b 1 Unplug the PCMCIA Wireless LAN card first 2 Configure the Wireless LAN card s default IP setting profile Default IP address is 192 168 5 127 netmask 255 255 255 0 Edit network opts with the following command to edit Wireless LAN s default setting Avi etc pcmcia network opts UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started IPADDR 92 168 5 127 NETIMASE 255 255 255 0 arport apts wireless GATEWAY 10 0 1 1 etc pcmcia network apts etc pcmcia network apts line 1 of 48 25 Use LHCF vie sbin dhcpcd sbin dhclient cr sbin pump y n DHCE n If you need to explicitly specify a hostname for EHCE requests DHCP HCSTNAME address netmask network address broadcast adores wlan ng con Em 3 Configure the Wireless LAN card s default SSID setting profile Default SSID is any vi etc wlan wlan conf U U LLL SSID wlan any ENABLE wlan0 y SENABLE_vlani n SSID wlan2 bzNABL
40. TC time or set a new RTC time Use the following command to query the system time date Use the following command to query the RTC time hwclock Use the following command to set the system time date MMDDhhmmYYYY MM Month DD Date hhmm hour and minute YYYY Year Use the following command to set the RTC time hwclock w Write current system time to RTC The following figure illustrates how to update thesystem time and set the RTC time 192 168 3 127 PUTTY root Moxa date Wien uta 23 23930831 CST 000 root Moxa hwclock Inset Uta 25 25s S0335 2000 M SSE ES root Moxa date 120910002004 Thu Dec 9 10 00 00 CST 2004 root Moxa hwclock w root Moxa date hwclock Ia Dee E OSLO Csi 200 Thu Dec 9 10 01 08 2004 0 933547 seconds rootfMoxa 3 10 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux NTP Client UC 7420 7410 has a built in NTP Network Time Protocol client that is used to initialize a time request to a remote NTP server Use ntpdate this client utility to update the system time ntpdate time stdtime gov tw hwclock w Visit http www ntp org for more information about NTP and NTP server addresses 10 120 53 100 PuTTY root Moxa date hwclock Sew dein i WOSWWSSts CSE 201010 sat dan 1000037 2000205772941 seconds root Moxa ntpdate time stdtion gov tw 9 Dec 10 58 53 ntpdate 207 step time server 220 130 158 52 offset 155905087 9 84256 sec
41. Then you will find the enabled daemons after you reboot the system root Moxa ps ef uad VmSize Stat Command root 1296 eines root keventd root ksoftirqd_CPU0 root kswapd root bdflush root kupdated root mtdblocka root khubd root Baza ejeclimecisl POOG ixp425_csr root ixp425 ixp0 root ixp425 ixpl root stdef root usr sbin inetd root usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody use sic hEtpd nobody lusr sbim hEtod nobody Muse soi hEtod gusr sbim httod 7SDtn7port S root tcps2 release in d usr sbin snmpd s 1 dev null usr sbin snmptrapd s Sbin cardmgr usr sbin rpc nfsd usr sbin rpc mountd usr sbin sshd bin reportip bin massupfirm sbin getty 115200 ttyso sbin getty 115200 tevsi bin massupfirm bin massupfirm usr sbin sshd bash ps ef nobody Ta A root 105 Tum IOS rooe II root 140 root 144 root 146 root L553 Koog LEL roce ISA Koog LGS rooe 164 OE 166 root deS SITE 171 POOE I2 BOOL 174 root rootfMoxa L LH LH LD LG C1 LD c0 LD ca c0 c0 G L L hn HN Qd ua 00 C0 C0 c0 C0 C0 C0 C0 L D C0 Co Ca ca C0 L L un Yu UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux Setting the Run Level In this section we outline the steps you should take to set the Linux run level and execute requests Use the following command to enable or disable settings 192 168 3 127 PuTTY root Moxa ect rce d rc3 d ls S19nfs common S25nfs user server S99showreadyled S20s
42. UB or switch Login to the UC 7408 as the root user Edit the file etc ppp chap secrets and add the following usernameOhinet net password IP addsesses username hinet net password N chap secrets line 1 of 3 33 username hinet net is the username obtained from the ISP to log in to the ISP account password is the corresponding password for the account 4 15 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication 5 Edit the file etc ppp pap secrets and add the following usernameOhinet net password password if you don t use the login option of pppd The mgetty Debian package already provides this option make sure you don t change that INBOUND connections Every regular user can use PPP and has to use passwords from etc passwd T usernamebhinet net password UserIDs that cannot use PPP at all Check your etc passwd and add any H other accounts that should not be able to use pppd guest hostname x m master hostname ae root hostname support hostname stats hostname OUTBOUND connections Here you should add your userid password to connect to your providers via PAP The means that the password is to be used for ANY host you connect to Thus you do not have to worry about the foreign machine name Just replace password with your password pap secrets line 1 of 42 2 username hinet net is the username obtain
43. UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Sixth Edition September 2008 www moxa com product MOXA 2008 Moxa Inc All rights reserved Reproduction without permission is prohibited UC 7420 7410 User s Manual The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in accordance with the terms of that agreement Copyright Notice Copyright 2008 Moxa Inc All rights reserved Reproduction without permission is prohibited Trademarks MOXA is a registered trademark of Moxa Inc All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers Disclaimer Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Moxa Moxa provides this document as is without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied including but not limited to its particular purpose Moxa reserves the right to make improvements and or changes to this manual or to the products and or the programs described in this manual at any time Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable However Moxa assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors Changes are periodically made to the information herein to correct such errors and these changes are in
44. USB 1 1 Client x 1 bib RS 232 miniB Connector PCMCIA x 1 PPP Console CF V V sh m wh JJ UC 7410 7420 Top View LIC 7420 Universal Communicator Ready R m Graphics LCM ios 128 x 64 Dots Console 5 Buttons UC 7410 7420 Front View RJ45 RS 232 422 485 Connectors x 8 RS 232 422 485 Reset to P7 PB default UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction Dimensions zer e npe Ready O LAN1 E NU LAN2 o O Console E Lo E 2 5 6 8 S GD Gn ED E En PD PD E ES Er o ER PALA 7 FOROR OR A 5 o S L JA 197 mm 7 76 gt UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction Hardware Block Diagram The following block diagram shows the layout of UC 7420 s internal components the layout for UC 7410 is slightly different Ethernet USB PCI to cardbus controller H Bridge PCI Bus Moxa UART ASIC RS 232 422 485 LED Indicators UC 7420 7410 has 12 LED indicators on the top panel Refer to the following table for information about each LED LED Name Color _ Meaning Ready Green Power is ON and system is ready after booting up Yellow 10 Mbps Ethernet connection Don NE Green 100 Mbps Ethernet connection Yellow Console port is receiving RX data from the serial device Gree
45. VPN peers openvpn config A tap0 br conf amp openvpn config B tap0 br conf amp If you see the line Peer Connection Initiated with 192 168 8 173 5000 on each machine the connection between OpenVPN machines has been established successfully on UDP port 5000 6 Oneach OpenVPN machine check the routing table by typing the command route Destination Gateway Genmsk Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 192 168 4 0 d 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 brO 192 168 2 0 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 brO 192 168 8 0 N 255 255 255 0 U 0 0 0 ixpO Interface ixp1 is connected to the bridging interface br0 to which device tap0 also connects whereas the virtual device tun sits on top of tap0 This ensures that all traffic from internal networks connected to interface ixp1 that come to this bridge write to the TAP TUN device that the OpenVPN program monitors Once the OpenVPN program detects traffic on the virtual device it sends the traffic to its peer 7 To create an indirect connection to Host B from Host A you need to add the following routing item route add net 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev ethO To create an indirect connection to Host A from Host B you need to add the following routing item route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev eth0 Now ping Host B from Host A by typing ping 192 168 4 174 A successful ping indicates that you have created a VPN system that only allows authorized us
46. a s website to download the most up to date firmware version The firmware versions discussed here differ in the types and versions of BIOS Kernel Root File System Mini File System and User Directory that they bundle V1 1 V1 4 3 V1 5 Serial port 230 4 Kbps 230 4 Kbps a E Kbps vih HW WLAN 802 11b 802 11b 802 11b Prism2 0 2 5 Prism2 0 2 5 Prism2 0 2 5 802 11g Gigabyte USB Host N A N A Mass Storage PNP USB Client N A N A N A Reset to Factory Default button N A N A Yes with HW V1 5 Share Memory N A N A Yes Protocol stacks and utilities Arp utility N A Yes Yes iptable N A N A Yes Open VPN N A N A Yes WatchDog API N A N A Yes Crontable N A N A Yes upfirm N A N A Yes backupuf N A N A Yes backupfs bf Yes Yes N A minicom Yes Yes Replace by tip Directory Change var User Tile User File System Change to ramdisk System Apache root document usr html usr html lusr www 2 Getting Started In this chapter we explain how to connect UC 7420 7410 turn on the power and then get started using the programming and other functions The following topics are covered in this chapter Q Powering on UC 7420 7410 L Connecting UC 7420 7410 to a PC gt Serial Console Telnet Console gt SSH Console Q Configuring the Ethernet Interface gt Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console gt Modifying N
47. alues mode 1 for user application enable sWatchDog need to do ack 0 for user application disable sWatchdog does not need to do ack time The time period to ack sWatchDog Input int fd the file handle from swtd open return value int mode the function will be return the status enable or disable user application need to do ack unsigned long time the function will return the current time period Output OK will be zero The other has some error to get error code from errno int swtd ack int fd Description Acknowledge sWatchDog When the user application enable sWatchDog It need to call this function periodically with user predefined time in the application program Input int fd the file handle from swtd open return value Output OK will be zero The other has some error to get error code from errno 5 6 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Programmer s Guide 4 int swtd close int fd Description Close the file handle Input int fd the file handle from swtd open return value Output OK will be zero The other has some error to get error code from errno Special Note When you kill the application with 9 or kill without option or Ctrl c the kernel will change to auto ack the sWatchDog When your application enables the sWatchDog and does not ack your application may have a logical error or your application has made a core dump The kernel w
48. and in the case of UC 7420 7410 Xscale boards it is mxscaleb For example the native C compiler is gcc and the cross C compiler for Xscale in UC 7420 7410 is mxscaleb gcc The following cross compiler tools are provided ar Manage archives static libraries as Assembler C g C compiler cpp C preprocessor gcc C compiler gdb Debugger ld Linker nm Lists symbols from object files objcopy Copies and translates object files objdump Displays information about object files ranlib Generates indexes to archives static libraries readelf Displays information about ELF files size Lists object file section sizes strings Prints strings of printable characters from files usually object files strip Removes symbols and sections from object files usually debugging information Debugging with GDB First compile the program must with option ggdb Use the following steps 1 To debug a program called hello debug on the target use the command gdbserver 192 168 4 142 2000 hello debug This is where 2000 is the network port number on which the server waits for a connection from the client This can be any available port number on the target Following this are the name of the program to be debugged hello debug plus that program s arguments Output similar to the following will be sent to the console Process hello debug created pid 38 5 3 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Prog
49. are contained in the file RT2500S TA dat To open the file navigate to the RT2500STA folder and invoke vi or type the following command vi etc Wireless RT2500STA RT2500STA dat to edit the file with vi editor Setting options for the various parameters are listed below the figure E PComm Terminal Emulator COM1 115200 None 8 1 T100 Profile Edit Port Manager Window Help 4 BA c 2 ex slal x 28 E COM1 115 100 Te led Default or amp CountryRegion 0 ers huizeiessmoae o SSID any etuorkType Infra paPsk abcdefghijklmnopqr stuvuxyz TxHBurst 0 TurboRate 0 GProtection 0 ShortSlot 0 TxRate 0 RTSThreshold 2312 FragThreshold 2312 SMode CAM fetc Wireless RTZSOOSTA SRTZSOOSTA dat line 1 of 34 2 State OPEN EE S C7 Seo EEE CountryRegion Sets the channels for your particular country region Setting Explanation 0 use channels 1 to 11 1 use channels 1 to 11 2 use channels 1 to 13 3 use channels 10 11 4 use channels 10 to 13 5 use channel 14 6 use channels 1 to 14 7 use channels 3 to 9 WirelessMode Sets the wireless mode Setting Explanation 0 11b g mixed 1 11b only 2 11g only SSID Sets the softAP SSID Setting Any 32 byte string 2 10 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started NetworkType Sets the wireless operation mode Setting Explanation Infra Infrast
50. com Mount user file system iroot Moxa H You can proceed with the configuration of UC 7420 7410 s network settings when you reach the bash command shell Configuration instructions are given in the next section 2 3 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started ATTENTION Serial Console Reminder Remember to choose VT100 as the terminal type Use cable CBL RJ45F9 150 which comes with UC 7420 7410 to connect to the serial console port Telnet Reminder When connecting to UC 7420 7410 over a LAN you must configure your PC s Ethernet IP address to be on the same subnet as the UC 7420 7410 you wish to contact If you do not get connected on the first try re check the serial and IP settings and then unplug and re plug UC 7420 7410 s power cord SSH Console UC 7420 7410 supports an SSH Console to offer users with better security options Windows Users Click on the link http www chiark greenend org uk sgtatham putty download html to download PuTTY free software to set up an SSH console for UC 7420 7410 in a Windows environment The following figure shows a simple example of the configuration that is required DX Pal TY Configuration Session Basic options for your PuTTY session Logging Specify your connection by host name Terminal Host Name Port Keyboard 192 168 3 127 22 Bell Protocol Wind A sit C Raw Tenet Rlogn SSH Appearance Translation Load save or delete a stored s
51. corporated into new editions of the publication Technical Support Contact Information www moxa com support Moxa Americas Moxa China Shanghai office Toll free 1 888 669 2872 Toll free 800 820 5036 Tel 41 714 528 6777 Tel 86 21 5258 9955 Fax 1 714 528 6778 Fax 86 10 6872 3958 Moxa Europe Moxa Asia Pacific Tel 449 89 3 70 03 99 0 Tel 886 2 8919 1230 Fax 49 89 3 70 03 99 99 Fax 886 2 8919 1231 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Table of Contents AAA ambi tuna RO eiren CHO cunc Eaa saia Sra Ge ERNSTER 1 1 OVEIVIEW P A ii O o eii 1 2 Package Cliecklist eee bate b EH ERU acia 1 2 Product Features camente iia ir Ee e ei emen 1 3 Product Hardware Specifications sss sse eee eee eee 1 3 Hardware Introduction SR OE D AER eO RS 1 4 Appearance and Dimensions ss sese ee eee eee 1 4 Hardware Block Diagram sese neennrennrenne 1 6 LED Indicators o Sere RU ec HU AEE E eek 1 6 Reset type Buttons a eie eas t arie eae alte eee E PR x Pee s 1 7 Real Time Clock 3 epe EHE ERU ER E EROR Tent 1 7 Placement Options Ste REIR Sur pP Dee m PU E ee ibe 1 8 Wall or C bmet sti asie aeter Te Seta eo EC its 1 8 DIN Rail Mounting unto is io on ATA I eta 1 9 Hardware Connection Description sss esse sees eee eee 1 9 Witing Requirements ee b ee e HE E EE een 1 9 Connec ng the POwer 4 n up oca 1 10 Grounding UC 7420 7410 tia re te e tite ed 1 10 Connecting tothe Network 5 nnum ei RO ERR gh
52. dprobe to insert and enable the module Use the following command to load the modules iptable filter iptable mangle iptable nat modprobe iptable filter Use iptables iptables restore iptables save to maintain the database NOTE IPTABLES plays the role of packet filtering or NAT Take care when setting up the IPTABLES rules If the rules are not correct remote hosts that connect via a LAN or PPP may be denied access We recommend using the Serial Console to set up the IPTABLES Click on the following links for more information about iptables http www linuxguruz com iptables http www netfilter org documentation HOWTO packet filtering HOWTO html Since the IPTABLES command is very complex to illustrate the IPTABLES syntax we have divided our discussion of the various rules into three categories Observe and erase chain rules Define policy rules and Append or delete rules Observe and erase chain rules Usage iptables t tables L n t tables Table to manipulate default filter example nat or filter L chain List List all rules in selected chains If no chain is selected all chains are listed n Numeric output of addresses and ports iptables t tables FXZ F Flush the selected chain all the chains in the table if none is listed X Delete the specified user defined chain Z Set the packet and byte counters in all chains to zero 4 8 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing C
53. e IGNORE 0 Sep 29 2004 1 root root 12288 Jun 15 02 45 cues O O E root 27263140 Jun 15 02 48 root Moxa mnt ramdisk upfirm usrfs backup Upgrade firmware utility version 1 1 To check source firmware file context The source firmware file conext is OK This step will destroy all your firmware Do you want to continue it Y N Now upgrade the file user file systim Do you want to keep the network IP setting on etc network interfaces file Y N Backup the network setting Format MID device dev mtd3 Wait to write file Compleleted 100 Now update the configuration file Upgrade the firmware is OK Please press any key to reboot system The differences between updating the User File System for firmware versions before and after firmware V1 5 are 1 Before but not including V1 5 the user must jump to the Mini File System and use the b command 2 For V1 5 and later versions the user can use upfirm command 3 6 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux Enabling and Disabling Daemons The following daemons are enabled when UC 7420 7410 boots up for the first time snmpd SNMP Agent daemon E Telnet Server Client daemon aaas Internet Daemons n FTP Server Client daemon Secure Shell Server daemon VEe Apache WWW Server daemon Network File System Server daemon Type the command ps ef to list all processes currently running root Moxa cd etc
54. e UC 7420 7410 with the console cable and then use the console utility to delete the files from UC 7420 7410 s flash memory If the flash memory is full you will need to free up some memory space before saving files to the Flash ROM Compiling Hello c NOTE The UC 7420 7410 CD contains several example programs Here we use Hello c as an example to show you how to compile and run your applications Type the following commands from your PC to copy the files used for this example from the CD to your computer s hard drive cd tmp mkdir example cp r mnt cdrom example tmp example To compile the program go to the Hello subdirectory and issue the following commands cd example hello make You should receive the following response root localhost hello make usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb gcc o hello release hello c usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb strip s hello release usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb gcc ggdb o hello debug hello c root localhost hello _ Next execute the hello exe to generate hello release and hello debug which are described below hello release an IXP platform execution file created specifically to run on UC 7420 7410 hello debug an IXP platform GDB debug server execution file see Chapter 5 for details about the GDB debug tool Be sure to type the make command from within the tmp example hello directory since UC s tool chain puts a specially designed Makefile in that
55. e new configuration file Upgrade the firmware is OK Please press any key to reboot system 3 4 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux Loading Factory Defaults The easiest way to load factory defaults is to update the firmware follow the instructions in the previous section to upgrade the firmware Note that if your user file is not working properly the system will mount the Mini File System In this case you will need to load factory defaults to resume normal operation Backing Up the User File System 1 Create a backup file The specific commands used to back up the user file system depend on whether the firmware version is earlier or later than version V 1 5 Firmware versions earlier than V1 5 not including V1 5 upramdisk backupfs mnt ramdisk usrdisk Firmware version V1 5 and later versions First type the following command to enable the RAM disk upramdisk Next use the file system backup utility provided by Moxa backupuf mnt ramdisk usrfs backup Alternatively you may type the following command to back up the file system to the CF card backupuf mnt hda usrfs backup 2 Once the file system is backed up use FTP to transfer the file usrfs backup to your PC 192 168 3 127 PUTTY root Moxa upramdisk root Moxa cd mnt ramdisk root Moxa mnt ramdisk df h Filesystem Size Used Available Use Mounted on dev mtdblock3 26 0M 9 0M TOM SS T dev mtdblock3 26 0M 9 0M 17
56. e of them and you should recognize the first IP address as your own and the P t P address or point to point address the address of your server Here s what it looks like on one machine lo Link encap Local Loopback inet addr 127 0 0 1 Bcast 127 255 255 255 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU2000 Metric 1 RX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 ppp Link encap Point to Point Protocol inet addr 192 76 32 3 P GP 129 67 1 165 Mask 255 255 255 0 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 33 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 TX packets 42 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0 Now type ping z z z z 4 13 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication where z z z z is the address of your name server This should work Here s what the response could look like waddington p ping 129 67 1 165 PING 129 67 1 165 129 67 1 165 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp_seq 0 ttl 225 time 268 ms 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp_seq 1 ttl 225 time 247 ms 64 bytes from 129 67 1 165 icmp_seq 2 ttl 225 time 266 ms C 129 67 1 165 ping statistics 3 packets transmitted 3 packets received 0 packet loss round trip min avg max 247 260 268 ms waddington Try typing netstat nr This should show three routes something like this Kernel routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use iface 129 67 1 165 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 UH 0 0 6 pppO 127 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 lo 0 0
57. e signal is transmitted over a direct serial connection so you do not need to know either of UC 7420 7410 s two IP addresses in order to connect to the serial console utility Use the serial console port settings shown below Baud rate 115200 bps Parity None Data bits 8 Stop bits 1 Flow Control None Terminal VT100 Once the connection is established the following window will open EC OM1 115200 N0ne 8 1 V T100 oxa Embedded Linux Professional Edition DTR RTS oxa login root Password Lili 88 sgg sss SHS SEE LLL ggg SESE 8 sg ss 8 882 5 ss 8 88 EEEE E E4 LII Lr2j sgy ggg 8 8 sss sgg s 88 EEEE EEE ME EE EEES 888 LL sss 8 sss sgg FF Li ggg sss S888 sg 8 SESH s od LIII s 88 sss SS42295 HESS e sss ss gg ss 88 sss ses sg 8 e sgg 8 Li gg sgg LLE E F E E E E E Ea S SSSESS EEEE EEE ME EE EEE E E EE E TRR For further information check ttp wrw moxa comf ount user file system root Moxa l State OPEN me tm 7 eb Got Break Signa To log in type the Login name and password as requested The default values are both root Login root Password root 2 2 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started Telnet Console If you know at least one of the two IP addresses and netmasks then you can use Telnet to connect to UC 7420 7410 s console utility The default IP add
58. ed from the ISP to log in to the ISP account password is the corresponding password for the account 6 Editthe file etc ppp options and add the following line plugin pppoe terminated because it was idle Hholdoff lt n gt Wait for up n milliseconds after the connect script finishes for a valid PPP packet from the peer At the end of this time or when a valid PPP packet is received from the peer pppd will commence negotiation by sending its first LCP packet The default value is 1000 1 second This wait period only applies if the connect or pty option is used plugin pppoe so lt End of File gt options line 1 of 342 0 4 16 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication 10 11 Add one of two files etc ppp options ixp0 or etc ppp options ixp1 The choice depends on which LAN is connected to the ADSL modem If you use LANI to connect to the ADSL modem then add etc ppp options ixp0 If you use LAN2 to connect to the ADSL modem then add etc ppp options ixp1 The file context is shown below name username hinet net TS mru 1492 defaultroute noipdefault options ixp line 1 of 5 20 Type your username the one you set in the etc ppp pap secrets and etc ppp chap secrets files after the name option You may add other options as desired Set up DNS If you are using DNS servers supplied by your ISP edit the file etc resolv conf by adding the following line
59. een The testing environment is illustrated in the following figure However note that there are limitations to the example program tcps2 c PC 1 tcps2 c Serial Rx Buffer LAN Rx Buffer lt 2 19 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started NOTE The tcps2 c application is a simple example designed to give users a basic understanding of the concepts involved in combining Ethernet communication and serial port communication However the example program has some limitations that make it unsuitable for real life applications The serial port is in canonical mode and block mode making it impossible to send data from the Ethernet side to the serial side i e from PC 2 to PC 1 in the above example 2 The Ethernet side will not accept multiple connections 2 20 3 Managing Embedded Linux This chapter includes information about version control deployment updates and peripherals The information in this chapter will be particularly useful when you need to run the same application on several UC 7420 7410 units The following topics are covered in this chapter OU System Version Information U System Image Backup Upgrading the Firmware gt Loading Factory Defaults gt Backing Up the User File System gt Deploying the User File System to Additional UC 7420 7410 Units Enabling and Disabling Daemons Setting the Run Level Adjusting the System Time Setting the Time Manually
60. ers from one internal network to access users at the remote site For this system all data is transmitted by UDP packets on port 5000 between OpenVPN peers 8 To shut down OpenVPN programs type the command killall TERM openvpn 4 25 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication Setup 2 Ethernet Bridging for Private Networks on the Same Subnet 1 Setup four machines as shown in the following diagram local net eth1 192 168 2 173 eth0 192 168 2 171 eth0 192 168 8 173 Internet ixp0 192 168 8 174 eth0 192 168 2 172 ixp1 192 168 2 174 local net 2 The configuration procedure is almost the same as for the previous example The only difference is that you will need to comment out the parameter up in Jetc openvpn A tapO br conf and etc openvpn B tap0 br conf Setup 3 Routed IP 1 Setup four machines as shown in the following diagram local net eth1 192 168 2 173 eth0 192 168 2 171 E eth0 192 168 8 173 Internet ixp0 192 168 8 174 eth0 192 168 4 172 ixp1 192 168 4 174 local net 4 26 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication 2 Create a configuration file named A tun conf and an executable script file named A tun sh point to the peer remote 192 168 8 174 dev tun secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 ifconfig 192 168 2 173 192 168 4
61. es that this is a modem device pppd will hang up the phone before and after making the call defaultroute Once the PPP link is established make it the default route if you have a PPP link to the Internet this is probably what you want 192 1 1 17 This is a degenerate case of a general option of the form x x x x y y y y Here x x x x is the local IP address and y y y y is the IP address of the remote end of the PPP connection If this option is not specified or if just one side is specified then x x x x defaults to the IP address associated with the local machine s hostname located in etc hosts and y y y y is determined by the remote machine Example 2 Connecting to a PPP server over a hard wired link If a username and password are not required use the following command note that noipdefault is optional pppd connect chat v noipdefault dev ttyMO 19200 crtscts If a username and password is required use the following command note that noipdefault is optional and root is both the username and password pppd connect chat v user root password root noipdefault dev ttyMO 19200 crtscts How to check the connection Once you ve set up a PPP connection there are some steps you can take to test the connection First type sbin ifconfig The folder ifconfig may be located elsewhere depending on your distribution You should be able to see all the network interfaces that are UP pppO should be on
62. ession Selection Saved Sessions Colours UC 7420 Console Setting Connection Default Settings Load Venet UC 7420 Console Setting Rlogin T SSH Save Tunnels Delete Close window on exit C Always Never Only on clean exit Cancel 2 4 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started Linux Users From a Linux machine use the ssh command to access UC 7420 7410 s Console utility via SSH ssh 192 168 3 127 Select yes to complete the connection root8bee notebook root ssh 192 168 3 127 ioa TERE LS ES HEE ue STT E VIA NEET Ike SA eenn dey erue qe Joey EH SG LS oel RSE E ELE E prints e Sa 2 a ea Cola A EA a A a eE aelod Gio E Are you sure you want to continue connection yes no yes NOTE SSH provides better security compared to Telnet for accessing UC 7420 7410 s Console utility over the network Configuring the Ethernet Interface UC 7420 7410 s network settings can be modified with the serial Console or online over the network Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console In this section we use the serial console to modify UC 7420 7410 s network settings 1 Follow the instructions given in a previous section to access UC 7420 7410 s Console Utility via the serial Console port and then type fcd etc network to change directories omm Terminal Emulator COM1 115200 None 8 1 T100 SI x rofile Edit Port Manager Window Help SI BIR alale 5 28 3
63. etwork Connecting to a Serial Device Connecting to the Console Port PCMCIA and CompactFlash Wiring Requirements ATTENTION Safety First Be sure to disconnect the power cord before installing and or wiring your UC 7420 7410 Wiring Caution Calculate the maximum possible current in each power wire and common wire Observe all electrical codes dictating the maximum current allowable for each wire size If the current goes above the maximum ratings the wiring could overheat causing serious damage to your equipment Temperature Caution Be careful when handling UC 7420 7410 When plugged in UC 7420 7410 s internal components generate heat and consequently the outer casing may feel hot to the touch 1 9 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction You should also observe the following common wiring rules Use separate paths to route wiring for power and devices If power wiring and device wiring paths must cross make sure the wires are perpendicular at the intersection point NOTE Do not run signal or communication wiring and power wiring in the same wire conduit To avoid interference wires with different signal characteristics should be routed separately e You can use the type of signal transmitted through a wire to determine which wires should be kept separate The rule of thumb is that wiring that shares similar electrical characteristics can be bundled together e Keep input wiring and output wiring separa
64. etwork Settings over the Network D Configuring the WLAN via the PCMCIA Interface gt IEEE802 11b gt JEEE802 11g OU Test Program Developing Hello c gt Installing the Tool Chain Linux Checking the Flash Memory Space gt Compiling Hello c gt Uploading Hello to UC 7420 7410 and Running the Program Q Developing Your First Application gt Testing Environment gt Compiling tcps2 c gt Uploading tcps2 release and Running the Program Testing Procedure Summary UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started Powering on UC 7420 7410 Connect the SG wire to the Shielded Contact located in the upper left corner of the UC 7420 7410 and then power on UC 7420 7410 by connecting it to the power adaptor It takes about 30 to 60 seconds for the system to boot up Once the system is ready the Ready LED will light up and the Network address settings will appear on the LCM display NOTE After connecting UC 7420 7410 to the power supply it will take about 30 to 60 seconds for the operating system to boot up The green Ready LED will not turn on until the operating system is ready Connecting UC 7420 7410 to a PC There are two ways to connect UC 7420 7410 to a PC through the serial Console port or via Telnet over the network Serial Console The serial console port gives users a convenient way of connecting to UC 7420 7410 s console utility This method is particularly useful when using UC 7420 7410 for the first time Th
65. following commands mount dev cdrom mnt cdrom rpm ivh mnt cdrom mxscaleb 3 3 2 6 i386 rpm Wait for a few minutes while the Tool Chain is installed automatically on your Linux PC Once the host environment has been installed add the directory usr local mxscaleb bin to your path and the directory usr local mxscaleb man to your manual path You can do this temporarily for the current login session by issuing the following commands export PATH usr local mxscaleb bin PATH export MANPATH usr local mxscaleb man S PATH Alternatively you can add the same commands to SHOME bash profile to cause it to take effect for all login sessions initiated by this user 5 2 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Programmer s Guide Obtaining help Use the Linux man utility to obtain help on many of the utilities provided by the tool chain For example to get help on the armv5b linux gcc compiler issue the command man armv5b linux gcc Cross Compiling Applications and Libraries To compile a simple C application just use the cross compiler instead of the regular compiler mxscaleb gcc o example Wall g 02 example c mxscaleb strip s example mxscaleb gcc ggdb o example debug example c Tools Available in the Host Environment Most of the cross compiler tools are the same as their native compiler counterparts but with an additional prefix that specifies the target system In the case of x86 environments the prefix is i386 linux
66. ftpd 1 Disabling the Telnet ftp server Disable the daemon by typing in front of the first character of the row to comment out the line UC 7420 7410 supports DNS client but not DNS server To set up DNS client you need to edit three configuration files etc hosts etc resolv conf and etc nsswitch conf etc hosts This is the first file that the Linux system reads to resolve the host name and IP address etc resolv conf This is the most important file that you need to edit when using DNS for the other programs For example before you using ntpdate time nist goc to update the system time you will need to add the DNS server address to the file Ask your network administrator which DNS server address you should use The DNS server s IP address is specified with the nameserver command For example add the following line to etc resolv conf if the DNS server s IP address is 168 95 1 1 nameserver 168 95 1 1 10 120 53 100 Purry root Moxa etc cat resolv conf resolv conf This file is the resolver configuration file See resolver 5 nameserver 192 168 1 16 nameserver 168 95 1 1 nameserver 140 115 1 31 nameserver 140 115 236 10 root Moxa etc etc nsswitch conf This file defines the sequence to resolve the IP address by using etc hosts file or etc resolv conf 4 2 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication Web Service Apache The Apache web server s main configuratio
67. gability for connecting a CF mass storage device UC 7420 7410 has a built in auto mount utility that eases the mount procedure The CF mass storage device will be mounted automatically by the mount command to mnt hda UC 7420 7410 will be un mounted automatically by umount when you disconnect it 3 13 4 Managing Communications In this chapter we explain how to configure UC 7420 7410 s various communication functions The following topics are covered in this chapter a a a Ooo Ooo Telnet FTP DNS Web Service A pache Saving a Web Page to the CF Card IPTABLES NAT gt NAT Example gt Enabling NAT at Bootup Dial up Service PPP PPPoE NES Network File System gt Setting up UC 7420 7410 as an NFS Server gt Setting up UC 7420 7410 as an NFS Client Mail SNMP Open VPN UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication Telnet FTP DNS In addition to supporting Telnet client server and FTP client server the UC 7420 7410 system also supports SSH and sftp client server To enable or disable the Telnet ftp server you first need to edit the file etc inetd conf Enabling the Telnet ftp server The following example shows the default content of the file etc inetd conf The default is to enable the Telnet ftp server discard dgram udp wait root bin discard discard stream tcp nowait root bin discard telnet stream tcp nowait root bin telnetd ftp stream tcp nowait root bin
68. gin username word password dev ttyMO 115200 debug crtscts modem defaultroute If the PPP server does not prompt for the username and password the command should be entered as follows Replace username with the correct username and replace password with the correct password pppd connect chat v ATDT5551212 CONNECT user username password password dev ttyMO 115200 crtscts modem The pppd options are described below connect chat etc This option gives the command to contact the PPP server The chat program is used to dial a remote computer The entire command is enclosed in single quotes because pppd expects a one word argument for the connect option The options for chat are given below vV verbose mode log what we do to syslog Double quotes don t wait for a prompt but instead do note that you must include a space after the second quotation mark ATDT5551212 Dial the modem and then CONNECT Wait for an answer Send a return null text followed by the usual return ogin username word password Log in with username and password Refer to the chat man page chat 8 for more information about the chat utility dev Specify the callout serial port 115200 The baud rate debug Log status in syslog 4 12 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication crtscts Use hardware flow control between computer and modem at 115200 this is a must modem Indicat
69. hat is generated to the OpenVPN machine 3 Generate a script file named openvpn bridge on each OpenVPN machine This script reconfigures interface ixp1 as IP less creates logical bridge s and TAP interfaces loads modules enables IP forwarding etc bin sh iface ixpl 4 defines the internal interface maxtap expr 1 defines the number of tap devices I e of tunnels IPADDR NETMASK BROADCAST it is not a great idea but this system doesn t support 4 etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg ixpl ifcfg vpn while read f1 f2 3 f4 r3 do if f1 iface a 2 Siface a f3 inet a 4 static then i expr 0 while do if i gt 5 then break fi i expr i 1 read f1 f2 case fl in address IPADDR f2 P netmask NETMASK f2 ER broadcast BROADCAST f2 P esac done break fi done etc network interfaces get the ip address of the specified interface mname module up oIFS SIFS IFS FOUND no for LINE in lsmod do TOK echo LINE cut d f1 if TOK mname then FOUND yes break fi done 4 22 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication IFS SoIFS if FOUND no then modprobe mname fi start ifcfg_vpn if d dev net then mkdir dev net fi if r dev net tun then create a device file if there is none mknod dev net
70. he PC type ftp 192 168 3 127 2 Next use the bin command to set the transfer mode to Binary and the put command to initiate the file transfer ftp bin ftp put tcps2 release d root serverll 1st application 4 ftp 192 168 3 127 Comes io 192 168 3 127 220 Moxa FTP server Version wu 2 6 1 2 Mon Nov 24 12 17 04 CST 2003 ready 530 Please login with USER and PASS 530 Please login with USER and PASS KERBEROS V4 rejected as an authentication type Name 192 168 3 127 root root 331 Password required for root Password 230 User root logged in Remote svstem sype rS7UNTA Betfig binary mode to transfer files C ftp bin 200 Type set to I Cpu tcps2 release local tcps2 rel ase remoce copsz release 217 Entering Passive Mode 192 168 3 127 82 253 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for tcps2 release 226 Transfer complete 4996 bytes sent in 0 00013 seconds 3 9e 04 Kbytes s ma die 227 Entering Passive Mode 192 168 3 127 106 196 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for bin ls cese dL oo root 299 Jun I0 05 11 bash_history api Sg 1 root root 4996 Jun 12 02 15 tcps2 release 226 Transfer complete teo 3 From the UC 7420 7410 type chmod x tcps2 release tcps2 release amp root Moxa ls al loba passes OO E root 0 Jun 12 02 14 E z 15 roort root O wen il 1979 il root root 899 Jun 10 08 11 bash_history gt l TO root 4996 Jun 12 02 15 tcps2 release root Moxa chmod x tcps
71. he directory rc d rc2 d rc5 d Edit the NFS server configuration file etc exports to set up the remote host NTF client list and access rights for a specific directory The file formats are shown below vi etc exports File Format directory machinel optionll option12 machine2 option21 option22 directory The directory that will be shared with the NFS Client machinel and machine2 Client machines that will have access to the directory A machine can be listed by its DNS address or IP address e g machine company com or 192 168 0 8 optionxx The option list for a machine describes the kind of access the machine will have Important options are ro Read only This is the default rw Readable and Writeable no root squash If no root squash is selected then the root on the client machine will have the same level of access to files on the system as the root on the server This can have serious security implications although it may be necessary if you want to do administrative work on the client machine that involves the exported directories You should only specify this option when you have a good reason root squash Any file request made by the user root on the client machine is treated as if it is made by user nobody on the server Exactly which UID the request is mapped to depends on the UID of user nobody on the server not the client sync Sync data to memory and flash disk 4 18 UC 7420 7410 User s Man
72. ill not change to auto ack This can cause a serious problem causing your system to reboot again and again User application example Example 1 include lt stdio h gt include lt stdlib h gt include lt string h gt include lt moxadevice h gt int main int argc char argv int fd fd swtd_open if fd lt 0 printf Open sWatchDog device fail n exit 1 swtd_enable fd 5000 enable it and set it 5 seconds while 1 do user application want to do swtd_ack fd swtd_close fd exit 0 The makefile is shown below all mxscaleb gcc o xxxx xxxx c lmoxalib Example 2 include lt stdio h gt include lt stdlib h gt include lt signal h gt include lt string h gt 5 7 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Programmer s Guide include lt sys stat h gt tinclude lt sys ioctl h gt include lt sys select h gt include lt sys time h gt include lt moxadevice h gt static void mydelay unsigned long msec struct timevaltime time tv_sec msec 1000 time tv_usec msec 1000 1000 select 1 NULL NULL NULL amp time static int swtdfd static int stopflag 0 static void stop swatchdog stopflag 1 static void do_swatchdog void swtd_enable swtdfd 500 while stopflag 0 mydelay 250 swtd_ack swtdfd swtd_disable swtdfd int main int argc char argv pid t sonpid signal SIGUSR1 stop s
73. ls USB CompactFlash mass storage UART and Wireless LAN PCMCIA card are also included in the UC 7420 7410 Linux system AP User Application Daemon Apache Telnet FTPD SNMP API Application Interface POSIX Socket Secure Socket Protocol Stack TCP IP UDP CMP ARP HTTP SNMP SMTP File System Device Driver PCMCIA CF WLAN USB UART RTC LCM Keypad Microkernel Memory control Schedule Process Hardware RS 232 422 485 Ethernet PCMCIA CompactFlash USB UC 7420 7410 s Flash ROM is partitioned into Boot Loader Linux Kernel Mini Root File System and User Root File System partitions In order to prevent user applications from crashing the Root File System UC 7420 7410 uses a specially designed Mini File System with Protected Configuration for emergency use This Mini File System comes with serial and Ethernet communication capability for users to load the Factory Default Image file The Mini File System will only be activated if the boot loader fails to load the User Root File System 1 12 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction User AP User Directory Mini Root File System User Configuration Configuration E Linux Kernel amp Root Boot Loader HW To improve system reliability UC 7420 7410 has a built in mechanism that prevents the system from crashing The procedure is as follows When the Linux kernel boots up the kernel will mount the root file system and then enable services and daemons
74. ls to enable this script at boot time 4 ln s etc openvpn openvpn bridge etc rc d rc3 d S32vpn br for example 4 ln s etc openvpn openvpn bridge etc rc d rc6 d K32vpn br for example 4 Create a configuration file named A tap0 br conf and an executable script file named A tap0 br sh on OpenVPN A point to the peer remote 192 168 8 174 dev tap0 secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 up etc openvpn A tap0 br sh bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 4 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev br0 end Create a configuration file named B tap0 br conf and an executable script file named B tap0 br sh on OpenVPN B point to the peer remote 192 168 8 173 dev tap0 secret etc openvpn secrouter key cipher DES EDE3 CBC auth MD5 tun mtu 1500 tun mtu extra 64 ping 40 4 24 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication up etc openvpn B tap0 br sh Li bin sh value after net is the subnet behind the remote peer route add net 192 168 2 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 dev br0 d end Note Select cipher and authentication algorithms by specifying cipher and auth To see with algorithms are available type openvpn show ciphers openvpn show auths 5 Start both of Open
75. n Console port is transmitting TX data to the serial device P1 P2 P3 P4 Yellow Serial port is receiving RX data from the serial device PS P6 P7 P8 Green Serial port is transmitting TX data to the serial device Console 1 6 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction Reset type Buttons UC 7420 7410 has two reset type buttons The button labeled Reset has the same effect as unplugging the power and then plugging the power back in The button labeled Reset to default returns UC 7420 7410 to the factory default parameter configuration Reset Button Pressing the Reset button initiates a hardware reboot The button plays the same role as a desktop PC s reset button In normal use you should NOT use the Reset Button You should only use this function if the software is not working properly To reset an embedded linux system always use the software reboot command gt reboot to protect the integrity of data being transmitted or processed Reset to default Button Press the Reset to default button continuously for at least 5 seconds to load the factory default configuration After the factory default configuration has been loaded the system will reboot automatically The Ready LED will blink on and off for the first 5 seconds and then maintain a steady glow once the system has rebooted We recommend that you only use this function if the software is not working properly and you want to load
76. n file is etc apache httpd conf with the default homepage located at usr www html index html Save your own homepage to the following directory usr www html Save your CGI page to the following directory usr www cgi bin Before you modify the homepage use a browser such as Microsoft Internet Explore or Mozilla Firefox from your PC to test if the Apache Web Server is working Type the LANI IP address in the browser s address box to open the homepage E g if the default IP address is still active type http 192 168 3 127 in address box Test Page for the Apache Web Server on MontaYista Linux Mozilla Firefox File Edit View Go Bookmarks Tools Help mc amp A D n6831 y c GL Getting Started E Latest Headlines Test Page This page is used to test the proper operation of the Apache Web server after it has been installed If you can read this page it means that the Apache Web server installed at this site is working properly If you are the administrator of this website You may now add content to this directory and replace this page Note that until you do so people visiting your website will see this page and not your content If you are a member of the general public The fact that you are seeing this page indicates that the website you just visited is either experiencing problems or is undergoing routine maintenance If you would like to let the administrator of this website know that y
77. n when the system boots up Add the following line in the file etc init d rc local etc init d cron start Connecting Peripherals USB Mass Storage This function is only available for firmware version V1 5 and later versions The UC 7420 7410 supports PNP plug n play and hot pluggability for connecting USB mass storage devices UC 7420 7410 has a built in auto mount utility that eases the mount procedure The first connected USB mass storage device will be mounted automatically by mount to mnt sda and the second device will be mounted automatically to mnt sdb UC 7420 7410 will be un mounted automatically with umount when the device is disconnected 3 12 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux A ATTENTION Remember to type the sync command before you disconnect the USB mass storage device If you don t issue the command you may lose some data Remember to exit the mnt sda or mnt sdb directory when you disconnect the USB mass storage device If you stay in mnt sda or mnt sda the auto un mount process will fail If that happens type umount mnt sda to un mount the USB device manually UC 7420 7410 only supports certain types of flash disk USB Mass Storage device Some the USB flash disks and hard disks may not be compatible with UC 7420 7410 Check compatibility issues before you purchase a USB device to connect to UC 7420 7410 CF Mass Storage The UC 7420 7410 supports PNP and hot plug
78. nmpd S55ssh S24pcmcia S99rmnologin root8Moxa etc rc d rc3 df cd etc rc d init d Edit a shell script to execute root tcps2 release and save to tcps2 as an example ted etc rc d rc3 d 1n s etc rc d init d tcps2 S60tcps2 SxxRUNFILE stands for S start the run file while linux boots up xx a number between 00 99 The smaller number has a higher priority RUNFILE the file name 192 168 3 127 PuTTY root Moxa ect rc d rc3 d Is S19nfs common S25nfs user server S99showreadyled S20snmpd S55ssh S24pcmcia S99rmnologin root8Moxa ect rc d rc3 d4 ln s root tcps2 release S60tcps2 rootfMoxa ect rc d rc3 d ls S19nfs common S25nfs user server S99rmnologin S20snmpd S55ssh S99showreadyled S24pcmcia S50tops2 root8Moxa etc rc d rc3 dd KxxRUNFILE stands for K start the run file while linux shuts down or halts xx a number between 00 99 The smaller number has a higher priority RUNFILE is the file name For removing the daemon you can remove the run file from etc rc d rc3 d by using the following command drm f etc rc d rc3 d S60tcps2 3 9 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Embedded Linux Adjusting the System Time Setting the Time Manually UC 7420 7410 has two time settings One is the system time and the other is the RTC Real Time Clock time kept by the UC 7420 7410 hardware Use the date command to query the current system time or set a new system time Use hwclock to query the current R
79. nse to system memory pressure improved concurrency and support for suspending flash erases marking of bad sectors with continued use of the remaining good sectors which enhances the write life of the devices native data compression inside the file system design support for hard links The key features of JFFS2 are Targets the Flash ROM Directly Robustness Consistency across power failures No integrity scan fsck is required at boot time after normal or abnormal shutdown Explicit wear leveling Transparent compression UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction Although JFFS2 is a journaling file system this does not preclude the loss of data The file system will remain in a consistent state across power failures and will always be mountable However if the board is powered down during a write then the incomplete write will be rolled back on the next boot but writes that have already been completed will not be affected Additional information about JFFS2 is available at http sources redhat com jffs2 jffs2 pdf http developer axis com software jffs http www linux mtd infradead org Software Package Boot Loader Redboot V1 92 Kernel MontaVista embedded Linux 2 4 18 Protocol Stack ARP PPP CHAP PAP IPv4 ICMP TCP UDP DHCP FTP SNMP V1 V3 HTTP NTP NFS SMTP SSH 1 0 2 0 SSL Telnet PPPoE OpenVPN
80. ocess OUTPUT chain processes packets after the routing process It has three extensions TTL MARK TOS The following figure shows the IPTABLES hierarchy Incoming Packets Mangle Table PREROUTING Chain NAT Table PREROUTING Chain Other Host Packets Mangle Table FORWARD Chain Local Host Packets Mangle Table INPUT Chain Filter Table FORWARD Chain Filter Table INPUT Chain Local Process Mangle Table OUTPUT Chain Mangle Table POSTROUTING Chain NAT Table OUTPUT Chain Filter Table OUTPUT Chain NAT Table POSTROUTING Chain Outgoing Packets 4 7 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication UC 7420 7410 supports the following sub modules Be sure to use the module that matches your application ip conntrack ipt MARK ipt ah ipt state ip conntrack ftp ipt MASQUERADE ipt esp ipt tcpmss ipt conntrack irc ipt MIRROT ipt length ipt tos ip nat ftp ipt REDIRECT ipt limit ipt ttl ip nat irc ipt REJECT ipt mac ipt unclean ip nat snmp basic ipt TCPMSS ipt mark ip queue ipt TOS ipt multiport ipt LOG ipt ULOG ipt owner NOTE UC 7420 7410 does NOT support IPV6 and ipchains The basic syntax to enable and load an IPTABLES module is as follows 1smod modprobe ip_tables modprobe iptable filter Use lsmod to check if the ip tables module has already been loaded in the UC 7420 7410 Use mo
81. ocol For details refer to Dial up Service PPP section in Chapter 4 The PCMCIA slot supports the CardBus Card 32 Card standard and 16 bit PCMCIA 2 1 JEIDA 4 2 Card standard It supports 3 3V 5V and 12V at a working voltage of 120 mA Wireless LAN card expansion is optional The Wireless LAN card provided by Moxa lets you connect UC 7420 7410 to a Wireless LAN with both 802 1b and 802 11g interfaces supported If you need device drivers for other kinds of PCMCIA cards contact Moxa for information on how to initiate a cooperative development project UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction CompactFlash UC 7420 provides one CompactFlash slot that supports CompactFlash type I II card expansion Currently Moxa provides a CompactFlash disk for plug amp play mass storage expansion You may also use flash disks available from most computer supply outlets The CompactFlash will be mounted at mnt hda If you need device drivers for other kinds of mass storage cards contact Moxa for information on how to initiate a cooperative development project Software Introduction Software Architecture The Linux operating system that is pre installed in UC 7420 7410 follows the standard Linux architecture making it easy to port programs that follow the POSIX standard to UC 7420 7410 Porting is done with the GNU Tool Chain provided by Moxa In addition to the Standard POSIX API device drivers for the LCM buzzer and Keypad contro
82. of an interface via which a packet is going to be received 0 Name of an interface via which a packet is going to be sent p The protocol of the rule or of the packet to check S Source address network name host name network IP address or plain IP address sport Source port number d Destination address dport Destination port number j Jump target Specifies the target of the rules i e how to handle matched packets For example ACCEPT the packet DROP the packet or LOG the packet Examples Example 1 Accept all packets from lo interface iptables A INPUT i lo j ACCEPT 4 9 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication NAT Example 2 Accept TCP packets from 192 168 0 1 iptables A INPUT i ixp0 p tcp s 192 168 0 1 j ACCEPT Example 3 Accept TCP packets from Class C network 192 168 1 0 24 iptables A INPUT i ixp0 p tcp s 192 168 1 0 24 j ACCEPT Example 4 Drop TCP packets from 192 168 1 25 iptables A INPUT i ixp0 p tcp s 192 168 1 25 j DROP Example 5 Drop TCP packets addressed for port 21 iptables A INPUT i ixp0 p tcp dport 21 j DROP Example 6 Accept TCP packets from 192 168 0 24 to UC 7420 7410 s port 137 138 139 iptables A INPUT i ixp0 p tcp s 192 168 0 24 dport 137 139 j ACCEPT Example 7 Log TCP packets that visit UC 7420 7410 s port 25 iptables A INPUT i ixp0 p tcp dport 25 j LOG Example 8 Drop all packets from MAC address 0
83. ommunication Examples iptables L n In this example since we do not use the t parameter the system uses the default filter table Three chains are included INPUT OUTPUT and FORWARD INPUT chains are accepted automatically and all connections are accepted without being filtered iptables F iptables X iptables Z Define policy for chain rules Usage iptables t tables P INPUT OUTPUT FORWARD PREROUTING OUTPUT POSTROUTING ACCEPT DROP P Set the policy for the chain to the given target INPUT For packets coming into the UC 7420 7410 OUTPUT For locally generated packets FORWARD For packets routed out through the UC 7420 7410 PREROUTING To alter packets as soon as they come in POSTROUTING To alter packets as they are about to be sent out Examples iptables P INPUT DROP iptables P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables t nat P PREROUTING ACCEPT iptables t nat P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables t nat P POSTROUTING ACCEPT In this example the policy accepts outgoing packets and denies incoming packets Append or delete rules Usage iptables t table AI INPUT OUTPUT FORWARD io interface p tcp udp icmp all s IP network sport ports d IP network dport ports j ACCEPT DROP A Append one or more rules to the end of the selected chain I Insert one or more rules in the selected chain as the given rule number i Name
84. onnection At the remote site data can be transferred between UC 7420 7410 s Ethernet port and PC 2 over an Ethernet connection PC 1 PC2 tcps2 c Serial Rx Buffer LAN Rx Buffer gt 2 15 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started Compiling tcps2 c NOTE The source code for the tcps2 example is located on the CD ROM at CD ROM example TCPServer2 tcps2 c Use the following commands to copy the file to a specific directory on your PC We use the direrctory home uc7400 1st_application Note that you need to copy 3 files Makefile tcps2 c tepsp c from the CD ROM to the target directory mount t iso9660 dev cdrom mnt cdrom cp mnt cdrom example TCPServer2 tcps2 c home uc7400 1st application tcps2 c cp mnt cdrom example TCPServer2 tcpsp c home uc7400 1st application tcpsp c cp mnt cdrom example TCPServer2 Makefile c home uc7400 1st application Makefile c Type make to compile the example code You will get the following response indicating that the example program was compiled successfully root serverll home uc7400 1st application root serverll 1st application ft pwd home uc7400 1st application root serverll lst_application 11 oil 20 rw r r rook root 514 Now 27 11 52 Makefile enmen dL mo ode ADV iNew 27 ESA djs cte So iL oo mode odd Mow 27 JUL RBS ENE ce root serverll 1st_apprtedtion make usr local mxsecdleb bin mxscaleb gcc o tcps2 release eans2 c us
85. ou ve seen this page instead of the page you expected you should send them e mail In general mail sent to the name webmaster and directed to the website s domain should reach the appropriate person For example if you experienced problems while visiting www gnomovision com you should send e mail to webmaster gnomovision com The Apache document has been included with this distribution For documentation and information on MontaVista Linux please visit the Monta Vista Software Inc website You are free to use the image below on an Apache powered Web server Thanks for using Apache Xam Powered by 1 v Done To open the default CGI page type http 192 168 3 127 cgi bin printenv in your browser s address box 4 3 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication 5 Mozilla Firefox E File Edit View Go Bookmarks Tools Help GE G S C mp 1192 168 3 127gkbiniprintene v 6 IGL Getting Started EX Latest Headlines DOCU GATE HTTP_ACCEPT text xml appl HTTP A RSET ISO HITP A ENCOD HTTP ACCEPT LANGUA HTTP CONNEC HTTP HOST cation xml appl 59 1 utf 8 q gzip deflate en us en q 0 5 ON keep tml xml text html q 0 9 text plain q 0 8 image png q 0 5 AGENT ozilla 5 0 Windows U Windows NT 5 1 en US rv 1 7 5 Gecko 200 usr bin sbin usr sbin 2 address Apache 2 0 42 Server at localhost Port 80 lt address gt n VER S
86. owner amp group amp user change file owner change file group sync file system let system file buffer be saved to hardware move file display now file directly list now file system space make new directory delete directory text editor dump file context compress or expand files search string on file get string on file find file where are there dump file by one page test file exist or not sleep seconds echo string ping to test network routing table manager display network status set network ip address UC 7420 7410 User s Manual System Commands Process Other SOLA SI ON IA cbe iX E92 3 kill ps dmesg sty zcat mknod free date env clear reboot halt du gzip gunzip hostname Moxa special utilities QM ope E backupfs bf kversion cat etc version upramdisk downramdisk kill process display now running process dump kernel log message to set serial port dump gz file context make device node display system memory usage print or set the system date and time run a program in a modified environment clear the terminal screen reboot power off on the server halt the server estimate file space usage compress or expand files show system s host name backup file system user directory built the file system user directory show kernel version show user directory version mount ramdisk unmount ramdisk A 2
87. oxa file system only enables the network and CF It lets users recover the user file system when it fails 2 The user file system is a complete file system Users can create and delete directories and files including source code and executable files as needed 3 Users can create the user file system on the PC host or target platform and then copy it to the UC 7420 7410 Linux Tool Chain Introduction To ensure that an application will be able to run correctly when installed on UC 7420 7410 you must ensure that it is compiled and linked to the same libraries that will be present on the UC 7420 7410 This is particularly true when the RISC Xscale processor architecture of the UC 7420 7410 differs from the CISC x86 processor architecture of the host system but it is also true if the processor architecture is the same The host tool chain that comes with UC 7420 7410 contains a suite of cross compilers and other tools as well as the libraries and headers that are necessary to compile applications for UC 7420 7410 The host environment must be running Linux to install the UC 7420 7410 GNU Tool Chain We have confirmed that the following Linux distributions can be used to install the tool chain Redhat 7 3 8 0 9 0 Fefora core 1 amp 2 The Tool Chain will need about 100 MB of hard disk space on your PC The UC 7420 7410 Tool Chain is located on the UC 7420 7410 CD To install the Tool Chain insert the CD into your PC and then issue the
88. r loget mxscaleb bin mxscaleb strip s tcps2 release usctiocal mxscaleb bin mxscaleb gcc o tcpsp release tcpsp c v r local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb strip s tcpsp release usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb gcc ggdb o tcps2 debug tcps2 c usr local mxscaleb bin mxscaleb gcc ggdb o tcpsp debug tcpsp c You have new mail in var spool mail root root serverll 1 _application 11 total 92 SSeS root root 514 Nov 27 8 Makefile SEW Xie XK root root 25843 Nov 27 UE krek root root 4996 Now 27 Se Se root root 4554 Nov 27 2 Wee ae IWX Ms gt root root 26823 Nov 27 root root 5596 Now 27 rw r r wt root 6164 Now 27 8 iE D Sp root serverll 1st appr estionlf Two executable files tcps2 release and tcps2 debug are created tcps2 release an IXP platform execution file created specifically to run on UC 7420 7410 teps2 debug an IXP platform GDB debug server execution file see Chapter 5 for details about the GDB debug tool If you get an error message at this point it could be because you neglected to put tcps2 c and tcpsp c in the same directory The example Makefile we provide is set up to compile both tcps2 and tcpsp into the same project Makefile Alternatively you could modify the Makefile to suit your particular requirements 2 16 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started Uploading tcps2 release and Running the Program Use the following commands to use FTP to upload teps2 release to the UC 7420 7410 1 From t
89. r s This chapter includes important information for programmers This following functions are covered in this chapter Flash Memory Map Linux Tool Chain Introduction Debugging with GDB Device API RTC Real Time Clock Buzzer WDT Watch Dog Timer UART LCM KeyPad Make File Example DU DU U U U CU DU CU U U U UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Programmer s Guide Flash Memory Map NOTE Partition sizes are hard coded into the kernel binary To change the partition sizes you will need to rebuild the kernel The flash memory map is shown in the following table Address Size Contents 0x00000000 0x0005FFFF 384 KB Boot Loader Read ONLY 0x00060000 0x0015FFFF 1 MB Kernel object code Read ONLY 0x00160000 0x0055FFFF 4 MB Mini root file system EXT2 Read ONLY 0x00560000 0x01F5FFFF 26 MB User root file system JFFS2 Read Write 0x01F60000 0x01FBFFFF 384 KB Not used 0x01FC0000 0x01 FDFFFF 128 KB Boot Loader configuration Read ONLY 0x01FE0000 0x01 FFFFFF 128 KB Boot Loader directory Read ONLY Mount the user file system to mnt usrdisk with the root file system Check to see if the user file system was mounted correctly If user file system is okay the kernel will change the root file system to mnt usrdisk If the user file system is not okay the kernel will use the default Moxa file system To finish boot process run the init program 1 The default M
90. r sbin inetd root usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody usr sbin httpd nobody mear SU Se HRES eare nobody usr sbin httpd bin sbin portmap Oot usr sbin rpc statd Oot usr sbin snmpd s 1 dev null ET usr sbin snmptrapd s root sbin cardmgr root Men sis po esa root ust sblms rpcomounstu TOGE usr sbin sshd root bin reportip root sbin getty 115200 ttysO 1 2 3 4 5 6 d 8 0 2 4 6 8 6 2 3 il 3j 3 2 3 4 Z 5 54 64 65 66 Qu ucouuogcgcducddcduudcducdcdcduuuugdocdococcucdoucuuu 2 18 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started 158 root JE root T63 root JE ele sbin getty 115200 ttyS1 usr sbin sshd bash male 122 168 3110 root IDLE tcps2 release ps ef STO OE SS ale root Moxa PPNNO0P KM M 0 NS NOTE Use the kill 9 command for PID 187 to terminate this program kill 9 187 Testing Procedure Summary Compile teps2 c make Upload and run teps2 release in the background tcps2 release 8 Check that the process is running jobs or ps ef Use a serial cable to connect PC1 to UC 7420 7410 s serial port 1 Use an Ethernet cable to connect PC2 to UC 7420 7410 On PC 1 If running Windows use HyperTerminal 38400 n 8 1 to open COMn On PC2 Type telnet 192 168 3 127 4001 On PC1 Type some text on the keyboard and then press Enter A UA E Bo On PC2 The text you typed on PCI will appear on PC2 s scr
91. rammer s Guide 2 Use the following command on the host to change to the directory that contains hello debug cd my work directory myfilesystem testprograms 3 Enter the following command ddd debugger mxscaleb gdb hello debug amp 4 Enterthe following command at the GDB DDD command prompt Target remote 192 168 4 99 2000 The command produces another line of output on the target console similar to the following Remote debugging using 192 168 4 99 2000 192 168 4 99 is the machine s IP address and 2000 is the port number You can now begin debugging in the host environment using the interface provided by DDD 5 Seta breakpoint on main by double clicking or entering b main on the command line 6 Click the cont button Device API UC 7420 7410 supports control devices with the ioctl system API You will need to include moxadevice h and use the following ioctl function int ioctl int d int request Input int d open device node return file handle int request argument in or out Use the desktop Linux s man page for detailed documentation man ioctl RTC Real Time Clock Buzzer The device node is located at dev rtc UC 7420 7410 supports Linux standard simple RTC control You must include lt linux rtc h gt 1 Function RTC RD TIME int ioctl fd RTC RD TIME struct rtc time time Description read time information from RTC It will return the value on argument 3 2 Function RTC SET TIME in
92. ress and Netmask for each of the two ports are given below Default IP Address Netmask LANI 192 168 3 127 255 255 255 0 LAN2 192 168 4 127 255 255 255 0 Use a cross over Ethernet cable to connect directly from your PC to UC 7420 7410 You should first modify your PC s IP address and netmask so that your PC is on the same subnet as one of UC 7420 7410 s two LAN ports For example if you connect to LAN 1 you can set your PC s IP address to 192 168 3 126 and netmask to 255 255 255 0 If you connect to LAN 2 you can set your PC s IP address to 192 168 4 126 and netmask to 255 255 255 0 To connect to a hub or switch connected to your local LAN use a straight through Ethernet cable The default IP addresses and netmasks are shown above To login type the Login name and password as requested The default values are both root Login root Password root cx Telnet 192 168 10 96 Moxa Embedded Linux Professional Edition Linux armu5teb 2 4 18 mu138 ixdp425 Moxa login root Password HH HHHH HHH THEE HHH HH HHH HHHH HHH HHH HHHH HHHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH HHH TH HHH HHH HHHH HH it HHH HHHH HHHH HHH id Hit HHH HH HR HH HH HH HHH HH HHHH H HH HHH HH HR un HH HHHH HHH tt MEI Hit Hitt THHHHHHE tt HH HHH HHH HE Li Hu HRH HHR HHH HHH HR HHH HHH HHH Hu HH Hu HH HHH HH HH Hitt HH HH HH HHH Lr HHRHH HHRHH HHH 1HHHHHEHE HEHEHE HEHE EEE For further information check lhhttpz www moxa
93. rnel s IP packet filter rule tables Several different tables are defined with each table containing built in chains and user defined chains Each chain is a list of rules that apply to a certain type of packet Each rule specifies what to do with a matching packet A rule such as a jump to a user defined chain in the same table is called a target UC 7420 7410 supports 3 types of IPTABLES table Filter tables NAT tables and Mangle tables A Filter Table includes three chains INPUT chain OUTPUT chain FORWARD chain B NAT Table includes three chains PREROUTING chain transfers the destination IP address DNAT POSTROUTING chain works after the routing process and before the Ethernet device process to transfer the source IP address SNAT OUTPUT chain produces local packets sub tables Source NAT SNAT changes the first source packet IP address Destination NAT DNAT changes the first destination packet IP address 4 6 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication MASQUERADE a special form for SNAT If one host can connect to internet then other computers that connect to this host can connect to the Internet when it the computer does not have an actual IP address REDIRECT a special form of DNAT that re sends packets to a local host independent of the destination IP address C Mangle Table includes two chains PREROUTING chain pre processes packets before the routing pr
94. rts Eight RS 232 422 485 ports RS 232 signals TxD RxD DTR DSR RTS CTS DCD GND RS 422 signals TxD TxD RxD RxD GND 4 wire RS 485 signals TxD TxD RxD RxD GND 2 wire RS 485 signals Data Data GND Serial Protection 15 KV ESD for all signals Data bits 5 6 7 8 Stop bits 1 1 5 2 Parity None even odd space mark Flow Control RTS CTS XON XOFF Speed 50 bps to 921 6 Kbps 50 bps to 230 4 Kbps for Hardware version V1 0 Serial Console PPP RS 232 x 1 RJ45 USB 2 0 Host N A 2 USB 1 1 Client 1 1 PCMCIA N A PCMCIA type I II socket x 1 Compact Flash N A CompactFlash type I II socket x 1 Real Time Clock Yes LCM 128 x 64 dots Buzzer Yes LEDs Serial x 8 Console PPP x 1 PWR x 1 Ready x 1 LAN 10 100 x 2 Key Pad 5 buttons Power input 12 48 VDC Power Consumption 10W 12W Dimensions 197 x 125 x 44mm Gross Weight 875g UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction Operating temperature 10 to 60 C 14 to 140 F 5 to 95 RH Storage temperature 20 to 80 C 4 to 185 F 5 to 9596 RH Regulatory Approvals EMC FCC Class A CE Class A Safety UL CUL TUV Warranty 5 years Hardware Introduction Appearance and Dimensions Appearance UC 7410 7420 Rear View 12 48 VDC Power Input 10 100 Mbps Ethernet x 2 DC 12 48V PCMCIA LANT LAN2 Console ESE CLIL USB 2 0 Host x 2 A Type Connector
95. ructure mode uses access points to transmit data Adhoc Adhoc mode transmits data from host to host Channel Sets the channel Setting Explanation 0 auto lto 14 the channel you want to use AuthMode Sets the authentication mode Setting OPEN SHARED WPAPSK WPANONE EncrypType Sets encryption type Setting NONE WEP TKIP AES DefaultKeyID Sets default key ID Setting 1to4 Key1Str Key2Str Key3Str Key4Str Sets strings Keyl to Key4 Setting The keys can be input as 5 ascii characters 10 hex numbers 13 ascii characters or 26 hex numbers TxBurst WPA pre shared key Setting 8 to 64 ascii characters WpaPsk Enables or disables TxBurst Setting Explanation 0 disable 1 enable UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Getting Started TurboRate Enables or disables TurboRate Setting Explanation 0 disable 1 enable BGProtection Sets 11b 11g protection this function is for engineering testing only Setting Explanation 0 auto 1 always on 2 always off ShortSlot Enables or disables the short slot time Setting Explanation 0 disable 1 enable TxRate Sets the TxRate Setting Explanation Auto 1 Mbps 2 Mbps 5 5 Mbps 11 Mbps 6 Mbps 9 Mbps 12 Mbps 18 Mbps 24 Mbps 36 Mbps 48 Mbps 12 54 Mbps N o0 AI
96. s of code nameserver ip addr of first dns server nameserver ip addr of second dns server For example nameserver 168 95 1 1 nameserver 139 175 10 20 Use the following command to create a pppoe connection pppd ixp0 The ixpO is what is connected to the ADSL modem LAN port The example above uses LANI To use LANA type pppd ixp1 Type ifconfig ppp0 to check if the connection is OK or has failed If the connection is OK you will see information about the pppO setting for the IP address Use ping to test the IP If you want to disconnect it use the kill command to kill the pppd process 4 17 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication NFS Network File System NOTE The Network File System NFS is used to mount a disk partition on a remote machine as if it were on a local hard drive allowing fast seamless sharing of files across a network NFS allows users to develop applications for UC 7420 7410 without worrying about the amount of disk space that will be available UC 7420 7410 supports NFS protocol for both client and server Click on the following links for more information about NFS http www tldp org gHOWTO NFS HOWTO index html http nfs sourceforge net nfs howto client html http nfs sourceforge net nfs howto server html Setting up UC 7420 7410 as an NFS Server By default UC 7420 7410 enables the service etc init d nfs user server The service link file S25nfs user server is located in t
97. sfer complete ma ca WIC 77212200 1L 5 am local UC7420 1 5 frm remote UC7420 1 5 frm 200 Port command successful 150 Opening data connection for UC7420 1 5 frm 226 Transfer complete 13167772 bytes received in 2 17 secs ftp 3 Next use the up irm command to upgrade the kernel and root file system upfirm uc7400 x x x frm root Moxa mnt ramdisk upfirm UC7420 1 5 Upgrade firmware utility version 1 0 To check source firmware file context The source firmware file conext is OK This step will destroy all your firmware Do veu Want to continue re 2 YN CUM Now upgrade the file redboot Format MTD device dev mtd0 MTD device dev mtd0 erase 128 Kibyte 60000 100 complete Wait to write file Compleleted 100 Now upgrade the file kernel Format MTD device dev mtdl MTD device dev mtdl erase 128 Kibyte 100000 100 complete Wait to write file Compleleted 100 Now upgrade the file mini file system Format MTD device dev mtd2 MTD device dev mtd2 erase 128 Kiby 400000 100 complete Wait to write file Compleleted 100 Now upgrade the file user file system Format MTD device dev mtd3 MTD device dev mtd3 erase 128 Kibyte 1a00000 100 complete Wait to write file Compleleted 100 Now upgrade the file directory Format MTD device dev mtd6 MTD device dev mtd6 erase 128 Kibyte 20000 100 complete Wait to write file Compleleted 100 Now upgrade th
98. strate how to save web pages to the CF card and then configure the Apache web server to open the pages The files used in this example can be downloaded from Moxa s website Step 1 Prepare web page and put pages to CF card Click on the following link to download the web page test suite Uncompress the zip file to your desktop PC and then use FTP to transfer it to UC 7420 s mnt hda directory root Moxa mnt hda ls al drwxr xr x 4 root root 16384 Dec 11 1 8 drwXxr xr x E root 0 Sep 29 17 43 HNOS root root loe Mes alil asis 6 1 drwxr xr x 2 root root 4096 Dec 11 14 19 assertions dl ESOS oot root 36071 Dec 11 14 18 PIE EAS Oj root 3145 Dec 11 14 16 SEWAL si JL Se root 90 Dec 11 14 17 drwxr xr x 2 root root 24576 Dec 11 14 20 tests CEWCE X dL root roort DI I T T able ALS root Moxa mnt hda Step 2 Use the following commands to configure the Apache web server s DocumentRoot cd etc apache vi httpd conf DocumentRoot mnt hda Change the document root directory to your CF card ServerRoot etc apache PidFile var run httpd pid ScoreBoardFile var run httpd scoreboard Timeout 300 KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 100 KeepAliveTimeout 15 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 StartServers 5 MaxClients 150 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 Listen 80 User nobody Group nobody ServerAdmin root localhost ServerName localhost DocumentRoot mnt had Step 3 Use the following commands to
99. t ioctl fd RTC SET TIME struct rtc time time Description set RTC time Argument 3 will be passed to RTC The device node is located at dev console UC 7420 7410 supports Linux standard buzzer control with UC 7420 7410 s buzzer running at a fixed frequency of 100 Hz You must include sys kd h 1 Function KDMKTONE ioctl fd KDMKTONE unsigned int arg Description The buzzer s behavior is determined by the argument arg The high word part of arg gives the length of time the buzzer will sound and the low word part gives the frequency The buzzer s on off behavior is controlled by software If you call the ioctl function you MUST set the frequency at 100 Hz If you use a different frequency the system could crash 5 4 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Programmer s Guide WDT Watch Dog Timer This function is only available for firmware version V1 5 and later versions 1 Introduction The WDT works like a watch dog function You can enable it or disable it When the user enables WDT but the application does not acknowledge it the system will reboot You can set the ack time from a minimum of 50 msec to a maximum of 60 seconds How the WDT works The sWatchDog is enabled when the system boots up The kernel will auto ack it The user application can also enable ack When the user does not ack it will let the system reboot Kernel boot User application running and enable user ack The user A
100. te e Where necessary it is strongly advised that you label wiring to all devices in the system Connecting the Power Connect the 12 48 VDC power line with UC 7420 7410 s terminal block If the power is properly supplied the Ready LED will illuminate with a solid green color after 30 to 60 seconds have passed Grounding UC 7420 7410 Grounding and wire routing helps limit the effects of noise due to electromagnetic interference EMI Run the ground connection from the ground screw to the grounding surface prior to connecting devices ATTENTION This product is intended to be mounted to a well grounded mounting surface such as a metal panel SG The Shielded Ground sometimes called Protected Ground contact is CDS the left most contact of the 3 pin power terminal block connector when viewed from the angle shown here Connect the SG wire to an appropriate grounded metal surface DC 12 48V UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction Connecting to the Network Connect one end of the Ethernet cable to one of UC 7420 7410 s 10 100M Ethernet ports 8 pin RJ45 and the other end of the cable to the Ethernet network If the cable is properly connected UC 7420 7410 will indicate a valid connection to the Ethernet in the following ways 1 8 The bottom right corner LED indicator maintains a solid green color when the cable is properly Pin Signal connected to a 100 Mbps Ethernet network The 1 ETx LED will flash on
101. the battery is replaced by an incorrect type 1 7 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction Placement Options Wall or Cabinet The two metal brackets that come standard with UC 7420 7410 are used to attach UC 7420 7410 to a wall or the inside of a cabinet Use two screws per bracket first to attach the brackets to the bottom of the UC 7420 7410 Fig A Next use two screws per bracket to attach the UC 7420 7410 to a wall or cabinet Fig B UC7420 Universal Communicator Ready LANI Lanz Console Figure B UC 7420 7410 Universal Communicator Wall Mounting Brackets top view 1 8 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction DIN Rail Mounting The aluminum DIN Rail attachment plate is included in the package If you need to reattach the DIN Rail attachment plate to UC 7420 7410 make sure the stiff metal spring is situated towards the top as shown in the figures below 1 Insert the top of the DIN Rail into the 2 The DIN Rail attachment unit will snap slot just below the stiff metal spring into place as shown below metal spring L metal spring z T DIN Rail DIN Rail To remove UC 7420 7410 from the DIN Rail simply reverse Steps 1 and 2 above Hardware Connection Description This section describes how to connect UC 7420 7410 to serial devices for first time testing purposes We cover Wiring Requirements Connecting the Power Grounding UC 7420 7410 Connecting to the N
102. tun c 10 200 fi load modules tun and bridge mname tun module up mname bridge module up create an ethernet bridge to connect tap devices internal interface brctl addbr brO brctl addif br0 iface the bridge receives data from any port and forwards it to other ports i expr 0 while do generate a tap0 interface on tun openvpn mktun dev tap i connect tap device to the bridge brctl addif br0 tap i null ip address of tap device ifconfig tap i 0 0 0 0 promisc up i expr i 1 if i ge maxtap then break fi done null ip address of internal interface ifconfig iface 0 0 0 0 promisc up enable bridge ip ifconfig br0 IPADDR netmask NETMASK broadcast BROADCAST ipf proc sys net ipv4 ip forward 4 enable IP forwarding echo 1 ipf echo ip forwarding enabled to cat ipf stop echo shutdown openvpn bridge ifcfg vpn i expr 0 while do disconnect tap device from the bridge brctl delit br0 tap i 4 23 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Managing Communication openvpn rmtun dev tap i i expr i 1 if i ge maxtap then break fi done brctl delif br0 iface brctl delbr brO ifconfig br0 down ifconfig iface SIPADDR netmask NETMASK broadcast BROADCAST killall TERM openvpn case 1 in start start stop stop 7 restart stop start A echo Usage 0 start stop restart exit 1 esac exit 0 Create link symbo
103. ual Managing Communication NOTE async The async option instructs the server to lie to the client telling the client that all data has been written to the stable storage Example 1 tmp rw no root squash In this example UC 7420 7410 shares the tmp directory to everyone gives everyone both read and write authority The root user on the client machine will have the same level of access to files on the system as the root on the server Example 2 home public 192 168 0 0 24 rw ro In this example UC 7420 7410 shares the directory home public to a local network 192 168 0 0 24 with read and write authority NFS clients can just read home public they do not have write authority Example 3 home test 192 168 3 100 rw In this example UC 7420 7410 shares the directory home test to an NFS Client 192 168 3 100 with both read and write authority After editing the NFS Server configuration file remember to use the following command to restart and activate the NFS server etc init d nfs user server restart Setting up UC 7420 7410 as an NFS Client Mail The following procedure is used to mount a remote NFS Server 1 Scan the NFS Server s shared directory 2 Establish a mount point on the NFS Client site 3 Mount the remote directory to a local directory Step 1 showmount e HOST showmount Show the mount information for an NFS Server e Show the NFS Server s export list HOST IP address or DNS
104. ur own application can all be stored in UC 7420 7410 s Flash memory Package Checklist UC 7410 LX RISC based Universal Communicator with 8 Serial Ports Dual Ethernet Linux OS UC 7420 LX RISC based Universal Communicator with 8 Serial Ports Dual Ethernet PCMCIA Compact Flash USB Linux OS UC 7420 7410 is shipped with the following items UC 7410 or UC 7420 Wall Mounting Kit DIN Rail Mounting Kit UC 7420 7410 Quick Installation Guide UC 7420 7410 Documentation amp Software CD Cross over Ethernet cable CBL RJ45M9 150 150 cm 8 pin RJ45 to Male DB9 serial port cable CBL RJ45F9 150 150 cm 8 pin RJ45 to Female DB9 console port cable Power Adaptor Product Warranty Booklet NOTE Notify your sales representative if any of the above items is missing or damaged 1 2 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction Product Features Intel XScale IXP 422 266 MHz Processor On board 128 MB RAM 32 MB Flash ROM Eight RS 232 422 485 serial ports Dual 10 100 Mbps Ethernet PCMCIA CompactFlash expansion UC 7420 only USB Host for mass storage device UC 7420 only LCM display and Keypad for HMI Linux ready communication platform DIN Rail or wall mounting installation Robust fanless design Product Hardware Specifications UC 7410 LX UC7420 LX CPU Intel Xscale IXP 422 266 MHz RAM 128 MB Flash 32 MB LAN Auto sensing 10 100 Mbps x 2 LAN Protection Built in 1 5 KV magnetic isolation Serial Po
105. watchdog swtdfd swtd open if swtdfd lt 0 printf Open sWatchDog device fail n exit 1 if sonpid fork 0 do swatchdog do user application main function end user application kill sonpid SIGUSR1 swtd close swtdfd exit 1 The makefile is shown below all mxscaleb gcc o xxxx xxxx c lmoxalib 5 8 UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Programmer s Guide UART The normal tty device node is located at dev ttyMO ttyM7 and the modem tty device node is located at dev cum0 cum7 UC 7420 7410 supports Linux standard termios control The Moxa UART Device API allows you to configure ttyMO to ttyM7 as RS 232 RS 422 4 wire RS 485 or 2 wire RS 485 UC 7420 7410 supports RS 232 RS 422 2 wire RS 485 and 4 wire RS485 You must include lt moxadevice h gt define RS232 MODE 0 define RS485 2WIRE MODE 1 define RS422 MODE 2 define RS485 AWIRE MODE 3 1 Function MOXA SET OP MODE int ioctl fd MOXA SET OP MODE amp mode Description Set the interface mode Argument 3 mode will pass to the UART device driver and change it 2 Function MOXA GET OP MODE int ioctl fd MOXA GET OP MODE amp mode Description Get the interface mode Argument 3 mode will return the interface mode There are two Moxa private ioctl commands for setting up special baud rates Function MOX A SET SPECIAL BAUD RATE Function MOX A GET SPECIAL BAUD RATE If you use this ioctl to set a
106. x V0 60 4 Linux normal command utility collection eee A 1 File Mi easet e ree e eie eremi ules o ris re dede et A 1 Edita aer A 1 NetWOEk 5s eei ee tet ntt er critt A 1 Pro id A 2 Qu A 2 1 Introduction Welcome to Moxa UC 7420 7410 RISC based Communication Platforms Available features include eight RS 232 422 485 serial ports dual 10 100 Mbps Ethernet ports a PCMCIA interface for wireless LAN communication and CompactFlash and USB ports for mass storage disk expansion making UC 7420 7410 ideal for your embedded applications The following topics are covered in this chapter D Overview gt Package Checklist gt Product Features gt Product Hardware Specifications OU Hardware Introduction Appearance and Dimensions Hardware Block Diagram LED Indicators Reset type Buttons Real Time Clock Q Placement Options gt Wall or Cabinet gt DIN Rail Mounting Q Hardware Connection Description Wiring Requirements V Y Y Y Y Connecting the Power Grounding UC 7420 7410 Connecting to the Network Connecting to a Serial Device Connecting to the Console Port PCMCIA CompactFlash OU Software Introduction Software Architecture gt Journaling Flash File System JFFS2 gt Software Package gt Y Y Y Y NY N NN Y Software Version Comparison Table UC 7420 7410 User s Manual Introduction Overview UC 7420 7410 RISC based Communication Platforms are ideal for embedded applications

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