NI PXI-562x User Manual
Contents
1. Clean the product with a soft nonmetallic brush Make sure that the product is completely dry and free from contaminants before returning it to service You must insulate signal connections for the maximum voltage for which the product is rated Do not exceed the maximum ratings for the product Remove power from signal lines before connecting them to or disconnecting them from the product 1 4 ni com Chapter 1 Taking Measurements with the NI PXI 562x Operate this product only at or below the installation category stated in the NI PXI 5620 Specifications and the NI PXI 5620 Specifications documents The following is a description of installation categories e Installation Category I is for measurements performed on circuits not directly connected to MAINS This category is a signal level such as voltages on a printed wire board PWB on the secondary of an isolation transformer Examples of Installation Category I are measurements on circuits not derived from MAINS and specially protected internal MAINS derived circuits e Installation Category II is for measurements performed on circuits directly connected to the low voltage installation This category refers to local level distribution such as that provided by a standard wall outlet Examples of Installation Category II are measurements on household appliances portable tools and similar equipment e Installation Category III is for measurements performed in the build2. byte eight related bits of data an eight bit binary number Also used to denote the amount of memory required to store one byte of data the group of conductors that interconnect individual circuitry in a computer Typically a bus is the expansion vehicle to which I O or other devices are connected An example of the PC bus is the PCI bus Celsius complementary metal oxide semiconductor a process used in making chips G 2 National Instruments Corporation CMRR coupling D data path logic dB dBm DC DDC dead time default setting differential input digital downconverter dither DMA double insulated National Instruments Corporation G 3 Glossary common mode rejection ratio a measure of an instrument s ability to reject interference from a common mode signal usually expressed in decibels dB the manner in which a signal is connected from one location to another a signal router decibel the unit for expressing a logarithmic measure of the ratio of two signal levels dB 20log10 V1 V2 for signals in volts decibels with reference to 1 mW the standard unit of power level used in RF and microwave work Using this standard 0 dBm equals 1 mW 10 dBm equals 10 mW and so on In a 50 Q system 0 dBm equals 0 224 Vms direct current See digital downconverter a period of time in which no activity can occur a default parameter value recorded in the driver In many cases the
3. timing diagram figure 2 7 National Instruments customer education A 1 professional services A 1 system integration services A 1 technical support A 1 worldwide offices A 1 NI PXI 562x digitizer See also hardware overview acquiring data programmatically 1 3 block diagram 2 5 front panel figure 2 2 installing software and hardware 1 1 safety information 1 4 NI SCOPE driver 1 1 NI PXI 562x User Manual l 2 0 online technical support A 1 P phase detector 2 5 phase locked loop PLL 2 5 phone technical support A 1 professional services A 1 programmatically acquiring data 1 3 programming examples A 1 PXI devices multiple synchronizing 2 8 PXI installation 1 1 R REF CLK IN connector 2 2 2 8 related documentation x S safety information 1 4 signal conditioning coupling 2 3 dither 2 3 gain 2 3 input impedance 2 3 signal path from NI PXI 562x to host computer 2 1 SMA connectors 2 2 2 8 software drivers A 1 software installation 1 1 specifications See related documentation storing data in memory 2 4 support technical A 1 synchronizing multiple PXI devices 2 8 system integration services A 1 System Reference Clock PXI 2 8 ni com T technical support A 1 telephone technical support A 1 TIO timing engine 2 6 training customer A 1 trigger and clock routing area 2 6 triggering digital trigger sources figure 2 7 overview 2 7 troubleshooting resour
4. You can retrieve the decimated data as in phase and quadrature or as phase and magnitude A discriminator allows you to take the derivative of the phase to demodulate an FM signal By mixing filtering and decimating the sampled data the DDC allows you to zoom in on a band of frequencies much narrower than the Nyquist band of the ADC The lower sample rate means that signals of longer duration can be stored in the same amount of memory For spectral analysis you can use a smaller faster FFT to look at only the band passed through the DDC Refer to the NI SCOPE VI Reference Help for specific DDC attributes you can use to program your NI 562x For more information on using the onboard DDC with LabVIEW refer to the online help included with NI SCOPE and the Spectral Measurements Toolset software Storing Data in Memory NI PXI 562x User Manual Samples are acquired into onboard memory on the NI 562x before being transferred to the host computer The minimum size for a buffer is approximately 256 samples although you can specify smaller buffers in software When specifying a smaller buffer size the minimum number of points are still acquired into onboard memory but only the specified number of points are retrieved into the host computer memory During the acquisition samples are stored in a circular buffer that is continually rewritten until a trigger is received After the trigger is received the NI 562x continues to acquire posttrigg
5. default input of a control is a certain value often 0 that means use the current default setting an analog input consisting of two terminals both of which are isolated from computer ground whose difference is measured a DSP that selects only a narrow portion of the frequency spectrum thereby eliminating unwanted data before it is transferred into memory random noise added to a signal before it is digitized to minimize distortion created by differential nonlinearity direct memory access a method by which data is transferred to from computer memory from to a device or memory on the bus while the processor does something else DMA is the fastest method of transferring data to from computer memory a device that contains the necessary insulating structures to provide electric shock protection without the requirement of a safety ground connection NI PXI 562x User Manual Glossary drivers DSP E EEPROM F FFT filtering gain H hardware harmonics Hz T O impedance in inductance NI PXI 562x User Manual software that controls a specific hardware instrument digital signal processor electrically erasable programmable read only memory ROM that can be erased with an electrical signal and reprogrammed fast Fourier transform a type of signal conditioning that allows you to remove unwanted signals or frequency components from the signal you are trying to measure the factor by which a signa
6. of temperature Also called thermoelectric potentials See thermal EMFs timing input output the engine used for timing and control the rate measured in bytes s at which data is moved from source to destination after software initialization and set up operations the maximum rate at which the hardware can operate any event that causes or starts some form of data capture transistor transistor logic a digital circuit composed of bipolar transistors wired in a certain manner volts volts alternating current volts direct current G 8 National Instruments Corporation V error vertical sensitivity VI Vv rms W waveform shape working voltage Glossary voltage error the smallest voltage change a device can detect virtual instrument 1 a combination of hardware and or software elements typically used with a PC that has the functionality of a classic stand alone instrument 2 a LabVIEW software module VI which consists of a front panel user interface and a block diagram program volts root mean square value the shape the magnitude of a signal creates over time the highest voltage that should be applied to a product in normal use normally well under the breakdown voltage for safety margin National Instruments Corporation G 9 NI PXI 562x User Manual Index A acquiring data multi record acquisitions 2 6 programmatically 1 3 ADC 2 3 basic signal flow figure 2 1 block di
7. on the programming language G and used commonly for test and measurement purposes least significant bit meters 1 Mega the standard metric prefix for 1 million or 10 when used with units of measure such as volts and hertz 2 mega the prefix for 1 048 576 or 220 when used with B to quantify data or computer memory megabytes of memory MXI Interface to Everything a custom ASIC designed by NI that implements the PCI bus interface The MITE supports bus mastering for high speed data transfers over the PCI bus multiple distinct chunks or records of data NI PXI 562x User Manual Glossary noise 0 Ohm s Law onboard memory overcurrent overrange PCI peak value PFI PLL PXI NI PXI 562x User Manual an undesirable electrical signal noise comes from external sources such as the AC power line motors generators transformers fluorescent lights soldering irons CRT displays computers electrical storms welders radio transmitters and internal sources such as semiconductors resistors and capacitors Noise corrupts signals you are trying to send or receive R V I the relationship of voltage to current in a resistance the device memory Onboard memory is distinct from computer memory amperages above the maximum power level specified for a device a segment of the input range of an instrument outside of the normal measuring range Measurements can still be made usually with a degradation
8. the NI PXI 5620 Refer to the NI PXI 5620 Specifications and the NI PXI 5621 Specifications documents for NI PXI 562x performance specifications This chapter provides information on installing connecting signals to and acquiring data from the NI 562x modules The NI 562x family of high speed digitizers has the following features e lt A 14 bit 64 MS s analog to digital converter ADC e 32 or 64 MB deep onboard sample memory Installing the Software and Hardware Perform the following steps to set up your digitizer 1 Ifyou are using an application development environment ADE or third party tool install it now if you have not already done so The supported ADEs include LabVIEW LabWindows CVI and other C or C environments i Note You must install all of the included software before installing your hardware 2 Install NI SCOPE The included NI SCOPE CD contains the software you need to configure test and program operation of the NI 562x National Instruments Corporation 1 1 NI PXI 562x User Manual Chapter 1 Taking Measurements with the NI PXI 562x a Insert your NI SCOPE CD into your CD drive If installation does not start automatically navigate to your CD drive and click setup exe b To install both the instrument driver and ADE examples select the Programmatic and Interactive Support option when prompted 3 Install the Spectral Measurements Toolset SMT CD if included The SMT provides frequency do
9. 562x User Manual Chapter 2 Hardware Overview Synchronizing Multiple PX Devices The NI 562x uses a PLL to synchronize the 64 MHz sample clock to a 10 MHz reference clock You can either supply the reference clock through the SMA connector REF CLK IN on the front panel or use the system reference clock on the PXI backplane The PXI bus and the NI 562x have the following timing and triggering features that you can use for synchronizing multiple digitizers e System Reference Clock A 10 MHz clock on the PXI backplane with 100 ppm accuracy It is independently distributed to each PXI peripheral slot through equal length traces with a skew of less than 1 ns between slots Multiple devices can use this common timebase for synchronization which allows each NI 562x to phase lock to the system reference clock e SMA connector REF CLK IN A 10 MHz reference input that you can use to connect an external frequency source for synchronization NI PXI 562x User Manual 2 8 ni com Technical Support and Professional Services Visit the following sections of the National Instruments Web site at ni com for technical support and professional services e Support Online technical support resources include the following Self Help Resources For immediate answers and solutions visit our extensive library of technical support resources available in English Japanese and Spanish at ni com support These resources are available
10. Computer Based Instruments NI PXI 562x User Manual High Speed Frequency Domain Digitizer Wy NATIONAL July 2002 Edition p INSTRUMENTS Part Number 322949C 01 Worldwide Technical Support and Product Information ni com National Instruments Corporate Headquarters 11500 North Mopac Expressway Austin Texas 78759 3504 USA Tel 512 683 0100 Worldwide Offices Australia 03 9879 5166 Austria 0662 45 79 90 0 Belgium 02 757 00 20 Brazil 011 3262 3599 Canada Calgary 403 274 9391 Canada Montreal 514 288 5722 Canada Ottawa 613 233 5949 Canada Qu bec 514 694 8521 Canada Toronto 905 785 0085 China 86 21 6555 7838 Czech Republic 02 2423 5774 Denmark 45 76 26 00 Finland 09 725 725 11 France 01 48 14 24 24 Germany 089 741 31 30 Greece 01 42 96 427 Hong Kong 2645 3186 India 91 80 4190000 Israel 03 6393737 Italy 02 413091 Japan 03 5472 2970 Korea 02 3451 3400 Malaysia 603 9596711 Mexico 001 800 010 0793 Netherlands 0348 433466 New Zealand 09 914 0488 Norway 32 27 73 00 Poland 22 3390 150 Portugal 210 311 210 Russia 095 238 7139 Singapore 65 6 226 5886 Slovenia 3 425 4200 South Africa 11 805 8197 Spain 91 640 0085 Sweden 08 587 895 00 Switzerland 056 200 51 51 Taiwan 02 2528 7227 United Kingdom 01635 523545 For further support information see the Technical Support and Professional Services appendix To comment on the documentation send email to techpubs ni com 2001 2002 National Instruments Corpora
11. ED BY ADVERSE FACTORS INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO FLUCTUATIONS IN ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY COMPUTER HARDWARE MALFUNCTIONS COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE FITNESS FITNESS OF COMPILERS AND DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE USED TO DEVELOP AN APPLICATION INSTALLATION ERRORS SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE COMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS MALFUNCTIONS OR FAILURES OF ELECTRONIC MONITORING OR CONTROL DEVICES TRANSIENT FAILURES OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS HARDWARE AND OR SOFTWARE UNANTICIPATED USES OR MISUSES OR ERRORS ON THE PART OF THE USER OR APPLICATIONS DESIGNER ADVERSE FACTORS SUCH AS THESE ARE HEREAFTER COLLECTIVELY TERMED SYSTEM FAILURES ANY APPLICATION WHERE A SYSTEM FAILURE WOULD CREATE A RISK OF HARM TO PROPERTY OR PERSONS INCLUDING THE RISK OF BODILY INJURY AND DEATH SHOULD NOT BE RELIANT SOLELY UPON ONE FORM OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DUE TO THE RISK OF SYSTEM FAILURE TO AVOID DAMAGE INJURY OR DEATH THE USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER MUST TAKE REASONABLY PRUDENT STEPS TO PROTECT AGAINST SYSTEM FAILURES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO BACK UP OR SHUT DOWN MECHANISMS BECAUSE EACH END USER SYSTEM IS CUSTOMIZED AND DIFFERS FROM NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS TESTING PLATFORMS AND BECAUSE A USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER MAY USE NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER PRODUCTS IN A MANNER NOT EVALUATED OR CONTEMPLATED BY NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS THE USER OR APPLICATION DESIGNER IS ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE FOR VERIFYING AND VALIDATING THE SUITABILITY OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PROD
12. UCTS WHENEVER NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS ARE INCORPORATED IN A SYSTEM OR APPLICATION INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE APPROPRIATE DESIGN PROCESS AND SAFETY LEVEL OF SUCH SYSTEM OR APPLICATION Compliance FCC Canada Radio Frequency Interference Compliance Determining FCC Class The Federal Communications Commission FCC has rules to protect wireless communications from interference The FCC places digital electronics into two classes These classes are known as Class A for use in industrial commercial locations only or Class B for use in residential or commercial locations Depending on where it is operated this product could be subject to restrictions in the FCC rules In Canada the Department of Communications DOC of Industry Canada regulates wireless interference in much the same way Digital electronics emit weak signals during normal operation that can affect radio television or other wireless products By examining the product you purchased you can determine the FCC Class and therefore which of the two FCC DOC Warnings apply in the following sections Some products may not be labeled at all for FCC if so the reader should then assume these are Class A devices FCC Class A products only display a simple warning statement of one paragraph in length regarding interference and undesired operation Most of our products are FCC Class A The FCC rules have restrictions regarding the locations where FCC Class A products
13. agram for NI PXI 562x digitizer 2 5 C calibration 2 7 conditioning signals AC coupling 2 3 dither 2 3 gain 2 3 input impedance 2 3 connecting signals 2 2 contacting National Instruments A 1 conventions used in the manual ix coupling 2 3 customer education A 1 professional services A 1 technical support A 1 D data acquisition multi record acquisitions 1 3 2 6 programmatically 1 3 data storing in memory 2 4 DDC digital downconverter incorporating 2 4 overview 2 4 National Instruments Corporation dead time in multiple record acquisitions 2 6 diagnostic resources A 1 digital downconverter See DDC digital downconverter digitizing the signal ADC 2 3 dither 2 3 documentation conventions used in manual ix online library A 1 related documentation x drivers instrument A 1 software A 1 E example code A 1 F frequently asked questions A 1 front panel figure 2 2 G gain 2 3 H hardware installation 1 1 hardware overview basic signal flow figure 2 1 block diagram 2 5 calibration 2 7 conditioning signals coupling 2 3 dither 2 3 NI PXI 562x User Manual Index gain 2 3 input impedence 2 3 help professional services A 1 technical support A 1 incorporating DDC 2 4 input impedence 2 3 installing software and hardware 1 1 instrument drivers A 1 K KnowledgeBase A 1 MITE interface 2 6 multiple record acquisitions overview 2 6
14. and Professional Services Glossary Index National Instruments Corporation vij NI PXI 562x User Manual About This Manual Conventions lt gt bold italic monospace The NI PXI 562x is a single channel high speed digitizer module whose dynamic range and resolution are optimized for frequency domain analysis applications in research product design and validation and manufacturing test This manual provides information on installing connecting signals to and acquiring data from the NI PXI 562x This manual also provides an overview of the features functionality and use of the NI PXI 562x high speed digitizer module The following conventions are used in this manual Angle brackets that contain numbers separated by an ellipsis represent a range of values associated with a bit or signal name for example DBIO lt 3 0 gt The symbol leads you through nested menu items and dialog box options to a final action The sequence File Page Setup Options directs you to pull down the File menu select the Page Setup item and select Options from the last dialog box This icon denotes a note which alerts you to important information This icon denotes a caution which advises you of precautions to take to avoid injury data loss or a system crash Bold text denotes items that you must select or click in the software such as menu items and dialog box options Bold text also denotes parameter names Italic t
15. can be operated FCC Class B products display either a FCC ID code starting with the letters EXN Trade Name Model Number or the FCC Class B compliance mark that appears as shown here on the right FE Tested to Comply with FCC Standards Consult the FCC Web site at http www fcc gov for more information FCC DOC Warnings This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in strict accordance with the instructions in this manual and the CE Mark Declaration of Conformity may cause interference to radio and television reception Classification requirements are the same for the Federal Communications Commission FCC and the Canadian Department of Communications DOC Changes or modifications not expressly approved by National Instruments could void the user s authority to operate the equipment under the FCC Rules Class A Federal Communications Commission This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause ha
16. ces A 1 National Instruments Corporation Index V voltage controlled crystal oscillator VCXO 2 6 W Web professional services A 1 technical support A 1 worldwide technical support A 1 NI PXI 562x User Manual
17. dow You have successfully installed and configured the necessary software and hardware to use your NI 562x Acquiring Data Programmatically You can acquire data programmatically either by writing an application for your NI 562x or by using one of the examples that ships with NI SCOPE For time domain examples go to the following default locations LabVIEW examples are located in the Functions palette at Instrument I O Instrument Drivers NI SCOPE IF Digitizers Examples for C and Visual Basic programmers using Windows Me 98 95 are located in vxipnp win95 niScope Examples Examples for C programmers using Windows 2000 NT are located at vxipnp winnt niScope Examples c Examples for Visual Basic programmers using Windows 2000 NT are located at vxipnp winnt niScope Examples VisualBasic LabWindows CVI examples are located at cvi NI SCOPE Support samples niScope cvi ay Note If you installed the examples in a different location your file paths differ from the default locations above National Instruments Corporation 1 3 NI PXI 562x User Manual Chapter 1 Taking Measurements with the NI PXI 562x For more detailed VI and function help refer to the NJ SCOPE VI Reference Help and the NI SCOPE Function Reference Help located at Start Programs National Instruments NI SCOPE Safety Information NI PXI 562x User Manual The following section contains important safety information that you must follow when insta
18. e dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Canadian Department of Communications This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Regulations Cet appareil num rique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du R glement sur le mat riel brouilleur du Canada Compliance to EU Directives Readers in the European Union EU must refer to the Manufacturer s Declaration of Conformity DoC for information pertaining to the CE Mark compliance scheme The Manufacturer includes a DoC for most every hardware product except for those bought for OEMs if also available from an original manufacturer that also markets in the EU or where compliance is not required as for electrically benign apparatus or cables To obtain the DoC for this product click Declaration of Conformity at ni com hardref nsf This Web site lists the DoCs by product family Select the appropriate product family followed by your product and a link to the DoC appears in Adobe Acrobat format Click the Acrobat icon to download or read the DoC Certain exemptions may apply in the USA see FCC Rules 15 103 Exempted devices and 15 105 c Also available in sections of CFR 47 The CE Mark Declaration of Conformity will contain important supplementary information and instructions for the user or installer Contents About This Manual COMVEMELONS seniai eNA REE EE REE EELEE ad EE TR ix Related Documen
19. er samples if you have specified a posttrigger sample count The acquired samples are placed into onboard memory The number of posttrigger or pretrigger samples is limited only by the amount of onboard memory 2 4 ni com Chapter 2 Hardware Overview Block Diagram The block diagram below illustrates the operation of the NI 562x An explanation of some of these features follows Digital Downconverter Analog Input INPUT O Filter ADC Data Path Onboard MITE Logic Memory PXI Interface A l y l l l Phase Voltage TIO l l PLEI POEN l Timing and Control l l l l 10 MHz Reference Input i XxX U REF CLK IN O i CLK 10 Trigger and Oa p gt Clock Routing EXT TRIG External Trigger PXI Trigger PFI Figure 2 3 NI 562x Block Diagram The digital downconverter is a digital signal processor DSP that allows you to digitally zoom in on data which reduces the amount of data transferred into memory and speeds up the rate of data transfer The digital downconverter performs frequency translation filtering and decimation after signals go through the ADC Refer to the Incorporating the DDC section for more information The PLL uses a phase detector to synchronize the acquisition clock to either a 10 MHz reference clock supplied through REF CLK IN or to the CLK 10 signal from the PXI backplane You can also leave the acquisition cl
20. eration or maintenance instructions owner s modification of the product owner s abuse misuse or negligent acts and power failure or surges fire flood accident actions of third parties or other events outside reasonable control Copyright Under the copyright laws this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording storing in an information retrieval system or translating in whole or in part without the prior written consent of National Instruments Corporation Trademarks CVI LabVIEW MITE MXI National Instruments NI and ni com are trademarks of National Instruments Corporation Product and company names mentioned herein are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies Patents For patents covering National Instruments products refer to the appropriate location Help Patents in your software the patents txt file on your CD or ni com patents WARNING REGARDING USE OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS 1 NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED WITH COMPONENTS AND TESTING FOR A LEVEL OF RELIABILITY SUITABLE FOR USE IN OR IN CONNECTION WITH SURGICAL IMPLANTS OR AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN ANY LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS WHOSE FAILURE TO PERFORM CAN REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO CAUSE SIGNIFICANT INJURY TO A HUMAN 2 IN ANY APPLICATION INCLUDING THE ABOVE RELIABILITY OF OPERATION OF THE SOFTWARE PRODUCTS CAN BE IMPAIR
21. ext denotes variables emphasis a cross reference or an introduction to a key concept This font also denotes text that is a placeholder for a word or value that you must supply Text in this font denotes text or characters that you should enter from the keyboard sections of code programming examples and syntax examples This font is also used for the proper names of disk drives paths directories programs subprograms subroutines device names functions operations variables filenames and extensions and code excerpts National Instruments Corporation ix NI PXI 562x User Manual About This Manual Related Documentation The following documents contain information that you might find helpful as you read this manual e NI PXI 5620 Specifications e NI PXI 5621 Specifications e NI SCOPE User Manual e Spectral Measurements Toolset User Guide NI PXI 562x User Manual X ni com Taking Measurements with the NI PXI 562x The NI PXI 5620 is a 64 Ms s 14 bit frequency domain digitizer module optimized for the best possible noise and distortion performance ina 5 25 MHz passband It has a 3 dB front end bandwidth from 10 kHz to 36 MHz and is always AC coupled meaning it does not admit DC components of a signal The NI PXI 5621 is a DC coupled version of the NI PXI 5620 optimized for a passband of 0 25 MHz Except for its permanent DC coupling and wider front end bandwidth the NI PXI 5621 is functionally identical to
22. for most products at no cost to registered users and include software drivers and updates a KnowledgeBase product manuals step by step troubleshooting wizards hardware schematics and conformity documentation example code tutorials and application notes instrument drivers discussion forums a measurement glossary and so on Assisted Support Options Contact NI engineers and other measurement and automation professionals by visiting ni com ask Our online system helps you define your question and connects you to the experts by phone discussion forum or email e Training Visit ni com custed for self paced tutorials videos and interactive CDs You also can register for instructor led hands on courses at locations around the world e System Integration If you have time constraints limited in house technical resources or other project challenges NI Alliance Program members can help To learn more call your local NI office or visit ni com alliance If you searched ni com and could not find the answers you need contact your local office or NI corporate headquarters Phone numbers for our worldwide offices are listed at the front of this manual You also can visit the Worldwide Offices section of ni com niglobal to access the branch office Web sites which provide up to date contact information support phone numbers email addresses and current events National Instruments Corporation A 1 NI PXI 562x User Manual G
23. in specifications Peripheral Component Interconnect a high performance expansion bus architecture originally developed by Intel to replace ISA and EISA it is achieving widespread acceptance as a standard for PCs and workstations and offers a theoretical maximum transfer rate of 132 Mbytes s the absolute maximum or minimum amplitude of a signal AC DC Programmable Function Input phase locked loop an electronic circuit that controls an oscillator so that it maintains a constant phase angle relative to a reference signal PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation PXI is an open specification that builds on the CompactPCI specification by adding instrumentation specific features G 6 National Instruments Corporation R R RAM random interleaved sampling RIS real time sampling record length resolution rms ROM S s sample rate sense settling time National Instruments Corporation G 7 Glossary resistor random access memory method of increasing sample rate by repetitively sampling a repeated waveform sampling that occurs immediately the size of a chunk or record of data that can be or has been acquired by a device The smallest amount of input signal change that an instrument or sensor can detect Resolution can be expressed in bits in proportions or in percent of full scale For example a system has 12 bit resolution one part in 4 096 resolution and 0 0244 of full scale root mean
24. ing installation This category is a distribution level referring to hardwired equipment that does not rely on standard building insulation Examples of Installation Category III include measurements on distribution circuits and circuit breakers Other examples of Installation Category III are wiring including cables bus bars junction boxes switches socket outlets in the building fixed installation and equipment for industrial use such as stationary motors with a permanent connection to the building fixed installation e Installation Category IV is for measurements performed at the source of the low voltage lt 1 000 V installation Examples of Installation Category IV are electric meters and measurements on primary overcurrent protection devices and ripple control units 1 MAINS is defined as the electricity supply system to which the equipment concerned is designed to be connected either for powering the equipment or for measurement purposes National Instruments Corporation 1 5 NI PXI 562x User Manual Chapter 1 Taking Measurements with the NI PXI 562x Below is a diagram of a sample installation Category IV Electric Meter Source of Low Voltage lt 1000 V Installation Category Ill Category II Category Circuit Breaker Plug in Equipment Building Fixed Local Level Secondary Installation Distribution Such Windings of Distribution as Wall Sockets Isolation Panel Transforme
25. l is amplified sometimes expressed in decibels the physical components of a computer system such as the circuit boards plug in boards chassis enclosures peripherals cables and so on multiples of the fundamental frequency of a signal hertz the number of scans read or updates written per second input output the transfer of data to from a computer system involving communications channels operator interface devices and or data acquisition and control interfaces resistance inch or inches the relationship of induced voltage to current G 4 National Instruments Corporation input bias current input impedance instrument driver interrupt interrupt level ISA L LabVIEW LSB MB MITE multiple record acquisition National Instruments Corporation G 5 Glossary the current that flows into the inputs of a circuit the measured resistance and capacitance between the input terminals of a circuit a set of high level software functions that controls a specific plug in DAQ board Instrument drivers are available in several forms ranging from a function callable language to a virtual instrument VI in LabVIEW a computer signal indicating that the CPU should suspend its current task to service a designated activity the relative priority at which a device can interrupt industry standard architecture Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench a program development application based
26. lling and using the product Do not operate the product in a manner not specified in this document Misuse of the product can result in a hazard You can compromise the safety protection built into the product if the product is damaged in any way If the product is damaged return it to National Instruments for repair Do not substitute parts or modify the product except as described in this document Use the product only with the chassis modules accessories and cables specified in the installation instructions You must have all covers and filler panels installed during operation of the product Do not operate the product in an explosive atmosphere or where there may be flammable gases or fumes Operate the product only at or below the pollution degree stated in the NJ PXI 5620 Specifications and the NI PXI 5620 Specifications documents Pollution is foreign matter in a solid liquid or gaseous state that can reduce dielectric strength or surface resistivity The following is a description of pollution degrees e Pollution degree 1 means no pollution or only dry nonconductive pollution occurs The pollution has no influence e Pollution degree 2 means that only nonconductive pollution occurs in most cases Occasionally however a temporary conductivity caused by condensation must be expected e Pollution degree 3 means that conductive pollution occurs or dry nonconductive pollution occurs that becomes conductive due to condensation
27. lossary Prefix Meanings Value p pico 10 2 n nano 10 9 u micro 10 6 m milli 10 3 k kilo 103 M mega 106 G giga 10 Symbols percent positive of or plus negative of or minus per 4 degree plus or minus Q ohm lt less than A A amperes A D analog to digital AC alternating current National Instruments Corporation G 1 NI PXI 562x User Manual Glossary AC coupled ADC ADC resolution ADE alias amplification amplitude flatness analog bandwidth attenuate bus CMOS NI PXI 562x User Manual allowing the transmission of AC signals while blocking DC signals analog to digital converter an electronic device often an integrated circuit that converts an analog voltage to a digital number the resolution of the ADC which is measured in bits An ADC with 16 bits has a higher resolution and thus a higher degree of accuracy than a 12 bit ADC application development environment a false lower frequency component that appears in sampled data acquired at too low a sampling rate a type of signal conditioning that improves accuracy in the resulting digitized signal and reduces noise a measure of how close to constant the gain of a circuit remains over a range of frequencies the range of frequencies to which a measuring device can respond to decrease the amplitude of a signal bit one binary digit either 0 or 1
28. main functionality and examples If installation does not start automatically navigate to your CD drive and click setup exe UN Caution You must turn off and unplug your chassis before installing your device To prevent damage due to electrostatic discharge or contamination handle the device using the edges or the metal bracket 4 Install your digitizer as shown in Figure 1 1 PXI Chassis Ejector Handle in Down Position Figure 1 1 PXI Installation Configuring and Testing the Digitizer To configure and test your NI 562x complete the following steps 1 Launch Measurement amp Automation Explorer 2 Double click Devices and Interfaces to open a list of recognized devices NI PXI 562x User Manual 1 2 ni com 7 8 9 Chapter 1 Taking Measurements with the NI PXI 562x Find the NI 562x in the list Notice the device number assigned to your NI 562x You need this device number to program your NI 562x Right click the device name and select Properties from the menu From the Properties window click Test Resources to test the device resources A dialog box appears and indicates if the resource test has passed Click Run Test Panels to run the functional test panels and begin using your NI 562x Connect a signal to your digitizer and select appropriate parameters Click Advanced to enable triggering options Click Close when you finish testing your NI 562x Click OK in the Properties win
29. ock in National Instruments Corporation 2 5 NI PXI 562x User Manual Chapter 2 Other Features Hardware Overview a free running state in which the acquisition clock is not synchronized to any external reference The voltage controlled crystal oscillator VCXO is a 64 MHz clock The trigger and clock routing area directs clock signals and triggers The TIO is the timing engine used for the NI 562x The MITE is the PXI bus interface The MITE provides high speed direct memory access DMA transfers from the NI 562x to the host computer memory This section contains information on other features on the NI 562x Multiple Record Acquisitions NI PXI 562x User Manual After the trigger has been received and the posttrigger samples have been stored you can configure the NI 562x to begin another acquisition that is stored in another memory record on the device This process is a multiple record acquisition To perform multiple record acquisitions configure the NI 562x to the number of records to be acquired before starting the acquisition The NI 562x acquires an additional record each time a trigger is accepted until all the requested records are stored in memory After the initial setup this process does not require software intervention Between each record a dead time exists during which the trigger is not accepted If the record length is greater than 80 us the dead time is 500 ns If however the record length is les
30. or typographical errors exist National Instruments reserves the right to make changes to subsequent editions of this document without prior notice to holders of this edition The reader should consult National Instruments if errors are suspected In no event shall National Instruments be liable for any damages arising out of or related to this document or the information contained in it EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS MAKES NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE CUSTOMER S RIGHT TO RECOVER DAMAGES CAUSED BY FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT THERETOFORE PAID BY THE CUSTOMER NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOSS OF DATA PROFITS USE OF PRODUCTS OR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF This limitation of the liability of National Instruments will apply regardless of the form of action whether in contract or tort including negligence Any action against National Instruments must be brought within one year after the cause of action accrues National Instruments shall not be liable for any delay in performance due to causes beyond its reasonable control The warranty provided herein does not cover damages defects malfunctions or service failures caused by owner s failure to follow the National Instruments installation op
31. rmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE Canadian Department of Communications This Class A digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Regulations Cet appareil num rique de la classe A respecte toutes les exigences du R glement sur le mat riel brouilleur du Canada Class B Federal Communications Commission This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult th
32. rs NI PXI 562x User Manual ni com Hardware Overview This chapter provides an overview of the features and functionality of the NI 562x How the NI 562x Works A signal follows this path through the NI 562x to the host computer 1 The signal enters the NI 562x through the analog front panel connector INPUT Refer to the Connecting Signals section to find more about the front panel 2 The signal is filtered and conditioned Gain and dither are applied to the signal Refer to the Conditioning the Signal Impedance Dither Gain and AC Coupling section for more information 3 The ADC converts the signal from analog to digital Refer to the Digitizing the Signal The ADC section for more information 4 Optional The digital downconverter DDC digitally zooms in on data Refer to the Incorporating the DDC section 5 The data is sent to onboard memory the buffer Refer to the Storing Data in Memory section for additional information 6 The data is transferred to the host computer via the PXI backplane P X Onboard l Optional Memory B u s Figure 2 1 Basic Signal Flow National Instruments Corporation 2 1 NI PXI 562x User Manual Chapter 2 Hardware Overview Connecting Signals Figure 2 2 shows the NI 562x front panel which contains three connectors NI PXI 562x User Manual two SMA connectors and an SMB connector One of the SMA connectors INPUT is for at
33. s than 80 us the dead time is 80 us During this time the memory controller sets up for the next record Also additional dead time may exist while the minimum number of pretrigger samples are being acquired 2 6 ni com Triggering Calibration Chapter 2 Hardware Overview Figure 2 4 shows a timing diagram of a multiple record acquisition 7 x v X VA X Trigger m M Acquisition _ a 500 ns gt In Progress Buffer ot X 3 x Trigger Not Accepted Pretrigger Points Not Acquired X Trigger Not Accepted 500 ns Dead Time X Trigger Not Accepted Acquisition in Progress VY Trigger Accepted Figure 2 4 Multiple Record Acquisition Timing Diagram You can externally trigger the NI 562x through the digital line PFI1 You can also use software to trigger the NI 562x Figure 2 5 shows the different trigger sources The digital triggers are TTL level signals with a minimum pulse width requirement of 100 ns or 16 ns times the DDC decimation Software K7 RTSI lt 0 7 gt 8 Trigger PFI1 PXI Star Figure 2 5 Digital Trigger Sources Although the NI 562x is factory calibrated it needs periodic calibration to verify that it is still within the specified accuracy For more information on calibration contact NI or visit the NI Web site at ni com support calibrat National Instruments Corporation 2 7 NI PXI
34. square a measure of signal amplitude the square root of the average value of the square of the instantaneous signal amplitude read only memory seconds samples samples per second used to express the rate at which an instrument samples an analog signal the speed that a device can acquire data in 4 wire resistance the sense measures the voltage across the resistor being excited by the excitation current the amount of time required for a voltage to reach its final value within specified limits NI PXI 562x User Manual Glossary Shannon Sampling Theorem source impedance system noise T temperature coefficient thermal drift thermal EMFs thermoelectric potentials TIO transfer rate trigger TTL NI PXI 562x User Manual a theorem stating that a signal must be sampled at least twice as fast as the bandwidth of the signal to accurately reconstruct the signal as a waveform a parameter of signal sources that reflects current driving ability of voltage sources lower is better and the voltage driving ability of current sources higher is better a measure of the amount of noise seen by an analog circuit or an ADC when the analog inputs are grounded the percentage that a measurement will vary according to temperature See also thermal drift measurements that change as the temperature varies thermal electromotive forces voltages generated at the junctions of dissimilar metals that are functions
35. taching the analog input signal you want to measure The second SMA connector REF CLK IN is a 50 Q 10 MHz AC coupled reference input The SMB connector PFI1 is for external digital triggers JO NATIONAL instruments 562x 64 MS s Digitizer INPUT 50Q 20 dBm MAX REF CLK IN 50Q 16 dBm MAX PFI 1 LOL Figure 2 2 NI 562x Front Panel ni com Chapter 2 Hardware Overview Conditioning the Signal Impedance Dither Gain and AC Coupling To minimize distortion signals receive a minimal amount of conditioning Gain and coupling are nonadjustable The NI PXI 5620 is AC coupled meaning it rejects any DC signal components The NI PXI 5621 is DC coupled meaning its wider passband acquires DC signal components also Both versions of the NI 562x digitizer module have a set input impedance of 50 Q and may apply dither to the input signal Input Impedance The input impedance of the NI 562x and the output impedance of the source connected to the NI 562x form an impedance divider which attenuates the input signal according to the following formula V V x er m S Re R where V is the measured voltage V is the unloaded source voltage Rin is the input impedance of the NI 562x R is the output impedance of the external device If the signal you are measuring has an output impedance other than 50 Q your measurements are affected by
36. tation snisnensncniiinnsnn nangi a ieskeuscasadescgeetscanses x Chapter 1 Taking Measurements with the NI PXI 562x Installing the Software and Hardware sessssessseessseeseereresrssestssestrsreresresrsresrsresersrsreses 1 1 Configuring and Testing the Digitizer sseessssesssesesesrrsrssesresestrsreresresrsresrsresresrsreses 1 2 Acquiring Data Programmatically ss seeesseseseesseessesrsresrsresresesrestressestnsrsreersresreresresrses 1 3 Safety Informations iia a a a AEE a E aE T S 1 4 Chapter 2 Hardware Overview How the NI 562x Works swisasseonio siento aa aaah EEE A EEE 2 1 Connecting Sigtials is coc2sccest es a a E E e EEEa A 2 2 Conditioning the Signal Impedance Dither Gain and AC Coupling 2 3 Input Impedance nn a N a i E N 2 3 Dith r secnm enn E T E RE ees 2 3 Digitizing the Signal The ADC ss ssssssssssseesseersresreresrerrrresrrsrsresresesresrsresresrse 2 3 Incorporating the DDCierir renaren ei hat RE AS 2 4 Storing Data in MeMOTY corem neren n aa i e o a 2 4 Block 1a SAMs secret onre sE e E AE E ORUL E EE EEE E 2 5 Other Features ese hie E E a a 2 6 Multiple Record Acquisitions ssessseessesseesseersreerssrsrsstsrrsresestrsrsresreresteseneses 2 6 Tip SPINS ee ar as aE EA a E TAE E E E a S 2 7 Calibration en hmnee ab avs E e E RE R E A E a easton 2 7 Synchronizing Multiple PXI Devices ssseeeseesesesrsresssersresreresrerrsresresesresrnresrerrsresrerent 2 8 Appendix A Technical Support
37. this impedance divider For example if the device has 75 Q output impedance your measured signal has 80 of the voltage it would have at 50 Q Dither Dither is random noise added to the input signal between 0 and 5 MHz Dither lowers the amount of distortion caused by differential nonlinearity in the ADC when a signal is digitized When an FFT is applied to the signal this random noise cancels out most of the distortion created by differential nonlinearity Dither is not automatically applied but you can enable it in software Digitizing the Signal The ADC Regardless of your requested sample rate the NI 562x ADC is always running at 64 MS s If you request a rate less than 64 MS s the timing engine of the NI 562x stores only one sample in a group of n samples effectively reducing the sample rate to 64 n MS s National Instruments Corporation 2 3 NI PXI 562x User Manual Chapter 2 Hardware Overview Incorporating the DDC Optionally you can route the data through the DDC before storing it in onboard memory The DDC is a digital signal processing DSP chip the Intersil HSP50214B The first stage uses a digital quadrature mixer that shifts a signal to baseband from any frequency within the range of the digitizer The next stage decimates reduces the sample rate by an integer from 4 16 384 A series of programmable digital lowpass filters prior to each stage of decimation prevents aliasing when the sample rate is reduced
38. tion All rights reserved Important Information Warranty The NI PXI 5620 and the NI PXI 5621 is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment as evidenced by receipts or other documentation National Instruments will at its option repair or replace equipment that proves to be defective during the warranty period This warranty includes parts and labor The media on which you receive National Instruments software are warranted not to fail to execute programming instructions due to defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 90 days from date of shipment as evidenced by receipts or other documentation National Instruments will at its option repair or replace software media that do not execute programming instructions if National Instruments receives notice of such defects during the warranty period National Instruments does not warrant that the operation of the software shall be uninterrupted or error free A Return Material Authorization RMA number must be obtained from the factory and clearly marked on the outside of the package before any equipment will be accepted for warranty work National Instruments will pay the shipping costs of returning to the owner parts which are covered by warranty National Instruments believes that the information in this document is accurate The document has been carefully reviewed for technical accuracy In the event that technical
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