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FEFLOW 5.2

1. 160 3D slice elevation 00220 00 162 Reconfigure 3D task 04 162 Step 2 Assignment and control in the problem editor rr 164 PrOD CAS 64 40 0045 Pruecscics dioe repo ACA UE oe 164 Flow Initlals 45524 2 4234 ado ded ER E oe ees 164 How boundarles 4 2 sess e e 165 Assigning and checking the transport data 166 Step 3 Postprocessing in 3D 167 Results VIG WI cc 3 5 9 0 A HRCR dee e rado sera 167 BUtget Dae 04 5 44333 hd 3d CR ied e 167 Fluid flux analyzer csse 168 Step 4 3D options 169 Final Termial Ks ua snd ceu ean ey one RO 170 LSU OR WES hte cease oaks Sais Sack hae deir ded en 171 Interface Manager 12 Programming Interface cee eee eee n n n nnnsnS 179 12 1 Introduction llle 175 12 1 1 Common terms i esses 3 REY Es 178 12 1 2 Abbreviations 000 0 eee 178 12 2 12 2 1 12 2 2 Interface Manager for Users 179 Module configuration 4 179 Registering a module 179 12 2 3 Module properties 2 005 180 PODIE spreen nair A ah ae eee edo 180 12 2 4 How to use external modules 180 12 2 4 2 Interface regionalization database regionalization di 12 2 4 1 Interface simulation attaching a module to a FEM NOC 181 SUDJENO 224 bc 4 4erbousdeviddatedcnentdarabheue vere adebeg ace los
2. Velocity field Line to be drawn wr Segments in 1I for IIs Edit Vert Exaog t 40 Projections Hide symbols w Unhide symbols Streamline in pene a F e Is Show File Humber SIENNA of pixels it has been interrupted The following options are avail able to view and analyze the computational results at the given time level The dialog is identical to the Results Viewer in the Postprocessor menu Reference isoline level Minimum isoline level Maximum isoline level A Walue Equidistant levels bu Number Height of level line font Com Label distance from line start mml io 00000d Level label frequencu ttt ttt ttt ttt NNLLA H tamm Line thickness frequency 0 all thin Ee Label orientation t Downward Upward E and block rows Hs Mumber of block columns C Mon Equidistant levels i a Ad Separate Diagram type options Figure 6 8 Halt and view results dialog 6 4 1 Visualization The Results viewer supports e isolines and fringes velocity vector fields particle tracking cross sections along lines and segments pseudo 3D projections to visualize the current distributions Select the FEFLOW 3D Groundwater Flew Model 3D ccc dac Feflow Results Viewer Reflect Histor Pas Pas v Pas Pas AN Pas Pas 3D Options parameter you want to visualize lower left part of the menu define the visualization mo
3. Save superelement Generate finite mesh element mesh problem problem attributes Save finite element problem Map Manager E ii i M v o z g Recent FEM files f 8 Recent SMH files Load superelement Design supereleme D C z eth meis es start simulator Load and run Congure f Mesh triangulation oy j License setup f tog messages Hep Mes Three dimensional quadrangulation 3D Start Plot Assistant rt et zm m m Convective Start Map Assistant Present Problem transport program Summary E 3 i 1 i d i o a gt 1 Ordering options Parallel computing i a TINH Figure 1 3 FEFLOW Shell menu structure 1 4 The Zooming Function The zooming function lets you zoom in and out by dragging a rectangle with the mouse There is no limit ing zoom factor Activating the Q button and click ing at any point of interest zooms in with a magnification factor of two Draw a rectangle with the left or middle mouse button pressed to zoom in or out respectively After activating the 2 button it is possible to move the visible extent of the model with the mouse The scale of the view is preserved The KJ button returns to the previous view extent For this purpose the last ten view extents are stored 7l button resets the view to the default extent 1 5 Display
4. x E E sin s os Lln e The third bar provides basic elements for compos ing equations FEFLOW 5 2 67 68 User s Manual Part Insertion of boolean operators and conditionals ee if A a S eel ar not The first part of the forth tool bar is for inserting templates for piece wise defined functions and if else statements The right hand side offers logical state ments to be used in the equations Tools for experienced users This toolbar which is not shown by default serves for interpreting the current equation with constant test values Refer to the Online Help for a detailed descrip tion Using the tools described above one or several equations can be written to the working window of the dialog The most important equation defines the reac tion rate for the current species as A Positive terms represent a composition of species k negative ones a decomposition Possible additional equations serve to extract parts of the main equation for more clearness e g using an additional variable defined by a separate equation Red question marks and red parts of the equation show locations where processing of the equation fails Corrections have to be made before being able to close the dialog Table 5 3 Mass materials Table 5 4 Heat materials Aquifer thickness For 2D horizontal confined Aquifer thickness For 2D horizontal confined aquifer aquifer Porosity Void space Solid volume fraction F
5. Load and run loads an output dac file using the File selection dialog Section 2 2 and invokes the FEFLOW Post processor see Section 7 Re Run simulator Edit modify problem NN Halt and view results Budgetanalyzer Fluid flux analyzer Background maps Browsefile View results at 1 750e 02 d Fluid flux analyzer Content analyzer NN Reflect about symmetric plane History of observation points Recreate To problem editor a UE Exitto master menu Figure 2 4 Comparison between Simulator Run and Postprocessor menus Hdp 2 6 Options Menu Many of the items in this menu Options have default values PYE triangulation that are suitable for SET quadrangulation the novice user i UG Velocity approximation xv Convective form transport Mesh triangu lation Divergence form transport This default set E Iterative equation solver ting selects triangu lar finite elements Three nodal or 6 nodal currently not gt Ordering options supported finite ele Parallel computing ments are imple TUNE i mented in 2D ando Specific option settings ee currently not sup ported prismatic AMR finite elements are h Adaptive mesh refinement available in 3D Save current settings gt Solver settings AT Direct equation solver Mesh quadrangulation selects quadrilateral finite elements In 2D you can choose 4 no
6. Storage demand Show file shows for viewing only a file to be selected The FEM output file dar is the default file type Present problem summary About Storage demand displays how much memory FEFLOW has allo cated for the current model and how much memory will be needed for performing the simulation Present problem summary presents a summary indicating the progress of the editing process One important item is whether the cur rent problem is ready to run If it is not ready you will find hints how to complete the problem You will also see which parameters have already been user specified and which parameters have still default values FEFLOW 5 2 27 About About opens the About FEFLOW pop up window It includes copyrights current version number the date of the last release and a disclaimer File Edit Run Postprocess IFM Options Dimension Tools Window Info m Assessments of storage demand Feflow Help FEFLOW Groundwater Modeling System File Navigate View FEFLOW Version 5 2 Copyright 1979 2005 N wasy GmbH MT Online Help 1 Gettin WV File Format f TIEN Env READY TO RUN gt E tj Yes FF No ke Back Top Dismiss Figure 2 7 Contents of the Info menu 28 User s Manual Part Mesh Editor The editing tool for inner and outer mesh borders 3 1 Introduction The Mesh editor is a CAD oriented tool u
7. You can georeference the working window automati cally by importing a background map for the model area See Section 2 2 3 9 Restart Mesh Editor This function should be used only if you wish to discard what you have created with the Mesh editor Before restarting the mesh design an alert box prompts for a selection from the following options Save the current superelement mesh in a file Restart the editor from the beginning Cancel no restart 3 10 Start Mesh Generator Clicking this button opens the Mesh generator The Mesh Generator which meshes the superelements with finite elements quadrilaterals or triangles is dis cussed in Section 4 Mesh Generator The tool for automatized finite element generation 4 1 Introduction This section de scribes the genera tion of finite Generate automatically element meshes It Generate areally is assumed that you have already cre Generate gradually ated one or more su He E TK perelements During the simulation re sults are computed Select elements on each node of the Continue mesh desien 8 finite element mesh Mesh geometry and interpolated Problem summary within the finite ele ments The denser Exit to master menu the mesh the better the numerical accu racy and the higher the computational effort Numeri cal difficulties can arise during the simulation if the mesh contains too many highly distorted elements T
8. 11 4 2 2 Reconfigure 3D task The basic stratigraphy is now complete We want to insert two additional slices because of the large contrast in conductivity between the aquitard and the aquifers Specifically we will create two thin buffers at the top and the bottom of the aquitard Re enter the layer configurator by clicking on Efl Reconfigure 3D task We recommend to design the problem as follows Set all slices to fixed in the slice list i e the z elevations of these slices won t be changed during the reconfiguration of the aquifer layering Type a decrement of 1 m in the Reference data 1 decrement box Figure 11 22 First we insert a slice for creating the upper buffer The slice should have the set decrement measured from Feflow Slice Partitioner Slice partitioner the top of the aquitard the buffers will belong to the aquitard stratigraphically Change the number of slices from 4 to 5 in the w slice box Figure 11 22 and hit lt Enter gt In the pop up Slice partitioner menu choose the I Insert slices according to the list mode Figure 11 23 a and make sure that the small button at the right is set to decrement measured from the upper slice Figure 11 23 b x erc There are already 6 fixed slices and 25 new plane slices Should be created Additional option for partitioning between TWO fixed slices Figure 11 23 Slice partitioner a how to partition the ne
9. Figure 11 13 Results of the budget analyzer Fluid flux analyzer This tools gives information about Darcy velocities on single points and integrates in and outflows for the whole model subregions lines etc even over time periods to be selected As shown below the in and out flows of water are displayed as cumulative curves Feflow Fluxanalyzer Results Viewer Figure 11 14 Results of the Fluid Flux Analyzer Calculate the outflowing amount of contaminant mass entering the lake and find the sections where the contaminant mass arrives at the lakeside by using the tools described above Temporal and spatial operations This data operator menu allows useful manipula tions of the resulting data in form of different temporal spatial operations regarding differences standard devi ations or cumulative changes for time stages to be selected The visualization of the results is done using the Results viewer Exporting data Generally data visualized in the Results viewer from the Simulator Halt amp View Results and the Postprocessor View Results but also in the Flow The Fluid Flux Ana lyzer calculates the fluid quantities on the base of the DARCY velocities at the nodes FEFLOW 5 2 155 data and Transport data menus via the Special tool can be exported in two ways Data store manager DSM You can choose dif ferent file formats and physical units for the data to
10. and a return button EET 1 Compressibility 1 ml Use the Discrete ele fsink t 10 4 1 d ment button to assign EEMENEI EMI fracture elements interac ME 00000 IDEEN Dut transfer rate 10 4 1 d tively at the screen after having set the correspond ing properties LIE sin E The Delete button s allows to delete elements by clicking them with the mouse in the working win dow There are different types and modes of discrete ele ments A type and mode set always consists of two activated buttons one of the first block violet buttons type and one of the second turquoise buttons mode FEFLOW 5 2 71 72 User s Manual Part Table 5 5 Discrete feature elements types and modes Linear 1D element Use this option to assign one dimensional linear elements e g to represent ducts or channels Trilateral 2D element Switch to trilateral elements to insert hori zontal areal elements using triangular mesh ing e g for horizontal fractures Quadrilateral 2D element Assign quadrilateral elements for horizontal fractures in quadrilateral meshes or for verti cal fractures Horizontal element Horizontal elements connect adjacent nodes in one slice 1D or represent fractures paral lel to the slice 2D Vertical element Vertical elements connect corresponding nodes at two adjacent slices 1D or represent vertical fractures 2D Arbitrary element Use this
11. 124 User s Manual Part If no set wide o value is given for a data set an estimate will automatically be calculated using the measured values in the set as sample this will thus likely be an overestimate Nse a 0 5 1D Ose o estimate Ne where Ns and Fse denote the number of data points and the estimated mean of the measured values respectively in the data set If the result is small enough to cause numerical difficulties or in case of sin gle value sets the mean value of the set will be used as o estimate Individually specified o values take pre cedence over the set wide value Multiple sets have to be separated by either a label line or an empty line The number of additional empty lines between data sets can be arbitrary In the example below FE LM recognizes two data sets Values in the second set are believed to be more accurate which is expressed in a set wide o value of 0 02 compared to that of the first set 0 04 The first and second measurement in the first set are considered more reliable than the others in that set and are assigned individual o values of 0 01 and 0 02 respec tively while the last data point in the first set in consid ered less reliable with a o value of 0 07 All other points in the first set are assigned the set wide value 0 04 All points in the first set except for the last two are assigned the default weighting factor of 1 0 The last two data points in the first se
12. Analytical expression editor for editing an analytical function See detailed description below In the left part of the window an overview of all curves is shown Use the square to the left of the curve name to show or hide a curve in the diagram The settings to the right always refer to the curve currently selected in the list Please note that for chang ing the properties only one curve may be selected In the Title input field you can specify the curve title to be shown in the diagram Beneath the title there are five switch toggles and an input field Their func tions are as follows Table 6 2 Diagram style settings Line color Set or change the color of a curve in the diagram Line style Define whether a curve should be shown solid broken or dot ted Line width Specify the with of the line Marker type State whether markers should be shown and set the marker aspect Marker color Specify the color of the markers Marker size Define the size of the markers in pixels Analytical expression editor In this window which is invoked by the button analytical expressions can be prepared for the use as diagram curves Besides the basic arithmetic operations scientific mathematics are possible too All functions have to be written for x as argument See the online Help for a detailed list of operators 2 FEFLOW Expression Editor Ed Ske 20 00 anes FEERRERRRRG 0 5 10 LI d
13. age face types for the natural constraint Parallel computing During the last few years the simulated problems and their computation times have grown to an extent pushing conventional hardware capacity to the limits Therefore FEFLOW has been extended from a single processor program to a parallel processing software Actually many processes like matrix assembly exe cute parallel in multi processor environments whereby simulation time is reduced dramatically SAMG The interface to the algebraic multigrid solver SAMG copyright by K St ben FhG SCAI espe cially approved for steady state problems was updated Now the solver can be efficiently used also for transient and mass transport models The reduction of simulation time can be formidable Superelement mesh The new mesh editor allows to automatically close the actual superelement while constructing more than one superelement Thereby the laborious clicking on existing superelement nodes is no more necessary Anisotropy Additional to the axis parallel and layer oriented systems of anisotropy the Eulerian angles can be freely edited for representing full 3D anisotropy Feflow Flow Material data options far eer re New license dialog FEFLOW provides a new license dialog for effec tive management of all WASY licenses and additional modules e g SAMG Postprocessor files FEFLOW reads the postprocessor files dac more efficiently so
14. 138 11 3 1 1 Designing the superelement mesh 138 11 3 1 2 Generating the finite element mesh 139 11 3 2 Step 2 Editing the problem parameters 141 11 3 2 Problem Class caca ace acce ERU cct des 141 11 222 OW dati one ds ors reco Der rh es 141 11 3 2 3 Reference data iudico edo XE ho bs 144 11 23 23 SUED VCS esha ous doa ma eae eee 145 11 3 3 1 Running the simulator 145 11 3 3 2 Halt and view results llle 145 11 3 4 Step 4 Back to the problem editor and run again TOUT 145 LL Problemi classis es pan iden pr D eade 145 11 3 4 2 Temporal amp control data 146 TT 240 5 How OMG cessere retiens Fox ROS er qoe 146 M13 44 TrarisDOPL did aur dcuciarede ex msd deed aate nes 150 Part Ill 10 2 11 Data view cloning llle 131 10 2 12 Exporting data fits 2 25 coss s 131 Tutorial e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 1 35 11 3 4 5 113 5 11 3 5 1 11 3 6 11 4 11 4 1 11 4 2 11 4 2 1 11 4 2 2 11 4 3 11 4 3 1 11 4 3 2 11 4 3 3 11 4 3 4 11 4 4 11 4 4 1 11 4 4 2 11 4 4 3 11 4 5 11 4 6 11 5 vario p 4 aes oe ds ware Mets eae eee 153 Step 5 Analyzing the results 153 he POSIDIGCESSOM uua x Kee OR Rds ae wees 153 Conclusions for the 2D model 159 Tie 29 Mod loreren dy aed vd xe oO 160 How to get the data 160 Step 1 Designing slices and layers
15. 5 es eu 3s 35 s 38 ae 05 um x Spip A EBRE TAAA EEEE HER E EE RUIT IHRER A EERE A A EEEE PEIPER OOOO o Ses d a ss ee setts Ri e i s CS S 5 She i Sese s es m e e 5 NS 5 2 Rh n ae us EI Sese e 33 Sud Mee m et 33 335 da e um e eo e un 2 ie eS un es vs 6 Sh i zs oc i xm e 0 zm mum So d s atte m x s ate de e oe e e s m ee OMS oo e a e e 35 L e s e s oo E Eo o p bs Ls S 3 a Figure 11 1 Overview of the modeling area Lake M ggelsee FEFLOW 5 2 137 Superelements can not be subdivided Drawing inner superelements within an existing outer superele ment would result in an overlaying of the inner superelements over the outer one Therefore always create superele ments side by side If you design a superelement adja cent to an existing one click on every node along the common sideline high lighted if cursor is near to ensure complete connec tion unconnected parts will be treated as impervious 11 3 The 2D Model 11 3 1 Step 1 Basic structure 11 3 1 1 Designing the superelement mesh The superelement mesh represents the basic struc ture of the study domain The superelement mesh should be designed so as to take into account all loca tions where bou
16. CR anie 101 2 0 TOODA asm oes 92 wot rao aon is wo adn dd ck oe 101 9 1 2 CONROM DONS DP ois eh be oe ea ee 101 9 1 3 Sas Dale ics Ad es orrea ee Sol nier AC REOR IER 102 9 2 WRON SI Locas ryter baa Be oe dita 102 9 2 Accessing FEFLOW data 102 9 2 2 View windows eese 103 9 2 3 Spatlal COMO eers ata que 306 E are eae 103 924 Loading map images 055 105 9 2 5 PIOLUNO CAN A cuc aet he HIR twee qos athe OE CE 106 9 2 5 1 Data panel ecc asnus aka m res 106 O25 2 Plot Panel ergeet erene REUS ces Yas 107 10 FEFLOW Tools 10 1 ase M MOX 119 10 1 1 General settings 022000 119 TO do2 OD oceans caus pee eo ees dd 119 10 1 3 Creating a plot composition 120 10 2 PELEM A eee 123 10 2 1 What is FE LM2 and when is it useful 123 10 2 2 Parameter estimation by 7 8 Content AnalyZ6er cu s Hea ake hd oh ew Ree rade 923 7 9 Special Operations 0006 93 7 10 Reflect About Symmetric Plane 94 7 11 History of Observation Points 94 7 12 cell inc tenet eee oes Sete ee 95 7 13 To Problem Editor see E en 96 7 14 Continue Simulation 96 8 4 Cut Away Viewer llle eee eee eee 99 8 5 Pathlines Controller 00 99 9 2 5 3 Plot control panel 2 108 9 2 6 Transient data creer hh eave dened 108 gu Cutting th
17. Figure 6 4 Analytical expression editor Axes The second tab in the diagram properties window provides the possibility to customize the diagram axes Feflow Diagram Properties Hydraulic Head m Ed Figure 6 5 Diagram properties axes tab The settings for the abscissa x axis are located in the left part the ones for the ordinate y axis in the right part Title and unit describe the labeling of the axes The scaling of both axes can be set individually either to Linear or to Logarithmic The shown range of values is automatically adapted to the currently shown functions by default Auto Alternatively it can be Fixed In the latter case the minimum and maximum values have to be specified 6 1 2 Legend editor The legend editor supports the user defined settings for fringed isolines and vector drawings It can be invoked by right clicking the legend window and choosing Edit from the pop up menu FEFLOW 5 2 79 80 User s Manual Part Several settings can be made Resolution number of colors used Minimum Maximum min max values for fringes e Scaling linear or logarithmic Copy to custom in custom mode the scaling of the legend can be edited manually Import Export custom open and save legend files leg Rainbow directions select the direction of the color scheme Drawing options invokes the drawing options menu Velocity vectors drawi
18. Invokes the FEFLOW diagram prop erties window described below Close Use this option to close a diagram window To show the window again go to the Quick access menu and use the Window function The default settings in the diagram menu are as shown in the image above 6 1 1 2 FEFLOW diagram properties Choosing Properties from the diagram menu a new window is opened offering all tools for customiz ing the diagram There are two tabs for editing the curve properties and the properties of the axes Feflow Diagram Properties Hydraulic Head m W Hydraulic Head m W Hydraulic Head m W Hydraulic Head m W Hydraulic Head m W Hydraulic Head m W Hydraulic Head m W Hydraulic Head m W Hydraulic Head m W Hydraulic Head m OWE Hidnanlicr Hosd Iml Figure 6 3 Diagram properties curves tab Curves At the top of the window some buttons are placed for adding and removing curves as well as for saving and loading them Table 6 1 Diagram properties buttons Add a curve loaded from a file Load one or several curves in pow file format Save a curve to a file Save the selected curve to a pow file Add a curve based on an expression Opens the Analytical expression editor for adding analytical functions See detailed description below Delete the curve from the diagram Remove the currently selected curve s from the diagram Edit special curve properties Invokes the
19. User s Manual Part The mathematical definition of the current fitting model can be displayed by pushing the model equation button next to the model selection box in the dialog When multiple data sets are imported into a single optimization problem the Model selection and param eter control dialog is extended so as to include a row of radio buttons for each parameter The radio buttons are used to control parameter sharing between models Each selected radio button maps the parameter on the parameter is initially mapped to its own value control left in the button row to the value control at the bottom For reference the parameters mapped to a particular of the button row Sharing is accomplished by mapping value control are highlighted while the respective slider multiple parameters to the same value control Each 1s moved Model Selection and Parameter Control x Opt Done Saturation van Gienuchten v s ys p 4 e Jon Sr g ss oe eo oe Conductivity vs Head van Gen e A e C amp C C K vs p n 4 C C P C Value 0 0083537 7 807 0 17092 0 3771 E a E E Fixed Upper Bound 10 20 1 1 gaeseenue seu anur rms 3 21431 Optimize om i Lower Bound 0 001 TOOT 0 0 Figure 10 5 Control dialog for two data sets Radio buttons have been set so as to share parameters A and n between both fitting models 10 2 6 Data plot view
20. Values for a reference distribution are specified using the input tools described in Section 5 6 5 11 Discrete Feature Elements 5 11 1 Basics 1D or 2D discrete feature elements can be inserted interactively for the modeling of flow mass and heat transport processes Different laws of fluid motion can be defined for discrete feature elements Darcy Hagen Poiseuille and Manning Strickler Discrete feature elements represent finite elements of lower dimensionality which can be inserted at ele ment edges and faces or between nodes of an existing mesh They are useful to describe fractures in rocks faults boreholes tunnels rivers channels mining rooms and slopes drainage elements overland flows and others For detailed information on the theoretical back ground see the part of the FEFLOW White Papers called Discrete feature modeling of flow mass and heat transport processes by using FEFLOW 5 11 2 Fracture editor For the process of inserting editing and deleting fracture elements a new Fracture Editor is provided To enter the Frac ture editor click the new menu entry Discrete feature elements in the Problem editor menu The design of the Fracture editor is simi D GSESSSBESES 1 lar to the other FEFLOW Delete editors containing differ EXE vE Sipe ent items at the top the E Darcy a Mesh Inspector button the PMEs tool switch tool options TEL Conductivity 10 4 m s
21. counted as positive outputs fluxes out as negative quantities The imbalance corresponds to the sum of all entering and exiting amounts Imbalance BorderIn BorderOut WellIn WellOut ArealIn ArealOut A positive imbalance implies a gain e g storage in the aquifer at transient conditions A negative imbal ance indicates a loss in the sub region which can occur during transient dewatering or retardation in the aquifer For steady state conditions the remaining imbalance for a total balancing over the entire region represents a measure of the computational accuracy For more details and the meaning of balancing for dif ferent transport formulations convective or divergence forms and their different boundary conditions refer to the Reference Manual Feflow Budget Analyzer x Imbalance Slice edel Border Elemental Rubber Box Line Poluson A A bud Figure 6 11 Budget analyzer The quantities com puted by the Bud get analyzer are defined as positive for influxes negative for out fluxes This is contrary to the definition of the bound ary conditions fluxes depends on UM the selection between Convective form transport default and Divergence form transport in the Options menu of the Shell For the former fluxes are dispersive i e they are controlled only by the con centration gradient For the divergence form the total fluxes consist of the conve
22. fluid flux analyzer postprocessor 93 flux 57 full upwinding see upwinding G galerkin fem see upwinding Gauss Krueger coordinates input 35 global see tools assign gravity 50 H halt amp view results 82 Haverkamp 62 head 57 heat transport boundaries see transport boundaries heat transport data menus 63 heat transport materials see transport materials help 13 27 hysteresis 60 I import filter 21 in outflow on top bottom 61 info menu 27 28 help 27 present problem summary 27 show file 27 isochrone markers 99 iterative equation solver 23 join see tools K kernel see simulator menu keyboard request box 56 59 L least square upwinding see upwinding legend editor 24 license setup 26 load finite element problem 20 power functions 50 superelement mesh 20 30 load and run 22 FEFLOW 5 2 185 186 User s Manual log messages 27 longitudinal dispersivity 63 M map assistant 26 map manager 20 mass 64 mass boundaries menu mass 64 transfer 64 well 64 mass initials menu 63 reference mass 63 mass materials 64 mass transport boundaries see transport boundaries mesh check properties 42 create supermesh from 42 delete elements 41 enrichment 41 move node 42 mesh editor introduction 29 starting 29 mesh editor menu 29 add ins 33 continue polygon design 32 copy superelements 34 erase superelements 35 map inactive active 33 new mesh editor 30 problem measure 35 restart mesh edi
23. ments see Section 3 7 function of the Mesh Editor menu Help Starts the FEFLOW Help Viewer for context sensi tive help Continue mesh design Returns to the Mesh Editor menu FEFLOW 5 2 33 34 User s Manual Part 3 6 Copy Superelements You can copy superelements by translation rota tion or reflection Copying can save you time and allows to preserve some properties from one element to the next Several steps are necessary to copy a super element The Copy superelements editor will guide you during the process Select a superelement or a group of superelements with the left mouse button The selected superelements are highlighted in light blue on your screen Fig ure You can deselect an ele ment by clicking it again Confirm the selection by clicking the right mouse button A pop up window Figure 3 3 allows you to select between the types of copying Copy by translation Copy by rotation and Copy by reflection Other options in this menu are Save original superelement Delete original superelement and Pixel tolerance This last option allows you to merge superelements easily Note that in Figure 3 3 the default toggle buttons are set Follow the instructions for the type of copying you have selected Copy by translation Set two points P1 and P2 for the translation vector Copy by rotation Set the point of rotation axis Type the angle in degrees for a counterclockwise positive valu
24. 1 OLY 8hp tlf DOW okt Os uda 172 User s Manual Part II Part fll Interface Manager 174 User s Manual Part III Programming Interface 12 1 Introduction The majority of FEFLOW users may prefer its com pactness to have all tools for preprocessing simula tion postprocessing and data analysis combined under the same graphical surface But under some circumstances it can be necessary to have more user control over simulation data region alization visualization and more For these cases FEFLOW provides a tool called Interface Manager IFM The IFM manages an arbitrary number of exter nal modules Any installed registered and activated module can access FEFLOW s internal data storage and method pool via a published programming inter face API To classify the different situations con texts of calling modules FEFLOW provides a special interface for each context Basic interfaces are Simula tion and Regionalization Depending on the principle of integration with FEFLOW s internal methods two basic types of interfaces can be distinguished 1 the external module replaces FEFLOW internal methods Figure 12 1 or 2 the external module extends the internal functionality Figure 12 2 With the software technology of Shared Libraries or Dynamic shared objects DSO under UNIX or Dynamic Link Libraries DLL under Microsoft Win dows it is possible to extend FEFLOW s functionality without modi
25. FEFLOW 5 2 vii viii User s Manual What s New in FEFLOW 5 2 This preface addresses the experienced user who is interested in an overview of the new capabilities of FEFLOW 5 2 compared to the previous release 5 1 Improvements are listed and references to the detailed description of the features in the different FEFLOW manuals are provided The novice user might skip this section and start with Part I of the manual Besides the numerous extensions of the program itself FEFLOW now carries a completely new 3D visualization and animation tool called FEFLOW Explorer Multi species transport FEFLOW allows simulating multi species transport with an arbitrary number of chemical components Besides an intuitive definition of arbitrary reaction terms in the new equation editor Degradation Arrhe nius and Monod type kinetics are available as pre defined equations Altogether a reactive term can use an arbitrary number of species The mass transport parameters like porosity sorption and reaction rate can be individually edited and spatially distributed E 5 FEFLOW Reaction Kinetics Editor Ab xl Chemical reaction kinetics Cancel Help User defined gt type kinetics species 1 of 4 je mg EO c y m ami Rate v 0 Oy x op 4 sin cos abs ln e J ix e amp Cy Rete b C4 Rete if C4 2 0 01 c C4 Rate otherwise Transient particle tracking For an exact chase of particle tracks the
26. Menu 48 Edit time varying power functions 50 List time related material data 51 3D Slice Elevation 0022 52 POW Data PR eh ose hee eee eyed E 52 FOW Inillals i22 1 245 4 Ae modem oe ER Pede 53 Flow Boundaries 0e eee eee 57 Fow Materiales s accuses aree dn RN e aces 59 Transport Data 0 00 eee eee 63 Transport Initlals 4 aco ode 9C cede es 63 Transport boundaries 008 64 Transport material data 64 Multi species transport 08 65 Problem Class issih neaka ve oe RIEN ew ewes 65 6 Simulator 6 1 6 1 1 6 1 1 1 6 1 1 2 6 1 2 6 2 6 3 6 4 ICTOCUECTION E 75 BICI paate eos Batok os Gee UCET 76 Diagrami mien scons dues RR ORT c Rs 77 FEFLOW diagram properties 78 Legend COON eresse doct teks che Se Gee oes 79 Re Run Simulator 2 0 000 ee ee 81 Edit or Modify Problem 81 Halt amp View Results 22 0000 82 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 Select EIGMIGINS a wan wate mee decano edo ee 40 Continue Mesh Design 40 Mesh GeOmety is 034 200044 90 doen sees 41 Problem Summary 022 eee eee 42 5 9 4 2 Transportinitials llle 65 5 9 4 3 Transport boundaries 4 65 5 9 4 4 Transport materials 4 65 5 10 Relerence Db sync mds ead RA t
27. Other options in this menu can be used to cut out parts of the model body for an inside view to create 3D pathlines and to visualize isosurfaces A function to display velocity vectors is also available See Section 8 and FEFLOW Online Help for more detailed information mg l 0 000e 000 5 250e 001 1 250e 002 1 875e 002 2 500e 002 3 125e 002 3 750e 002 4 375e 002 5 000e 002 7 8 m d Finite Element Mesh x Nodes np 21582 Elements ned 34640 Figure 1 6 The 3D options menu in displaying for instance 3D pathlines FEFLOW 5 2 17 18 User s Manual Part Shell menu The FEFLOW top level menu 2 1 Introduction The FEFLOW graphical Shell contains several lev els of menu commands Section 2 describes the top level of the Shell Subsequent sections will cover the lower level commands Figure 2 1 shows the Shell menu File Edit Run Postprocess IFM Options Dimension Tools Window Info Figure 2 1 Shell menu The following subsections briefly describe the ten submenus File Edit Run Postprocessor Options IFM Dimension Tools Windows and Info The Quick Access menu Figure 2 2 is a pop up menu containing some Shell main menu items It is activated by clicking on the green field on the left side of the screen All menu and submenu items are selected by click ing the mouse on the item or by typing the key corre sponding to the underlined letter in the item Inactive menu items
28. are shown in grey Selecting the menu item in the lowest position of a pull down menu will often return you to the master She menu This allows quick access to other parts of the Shell hierarchy save finite element problem Add map Map manager Legend editor Drawings Suspend license Print Parameter fitting Help Quit lt Alt F4 gt Figure 2 2 Quick access menu FEFLOW 5 2 19 2 2 File Load superelement mesh Load finite element problem Save finite element problem Add map Map manager Import filter Export filter Print Recent FEM files Recent DAC files Recent SMH files Quit lt Alt F4 gt File Menu The File menu allows you to load and save all the files necessary for a FEFLOW _ session The following para graphs explain the options in this menu Load superele ment mesh This option loads an existing superele ment mesh via the FEFLOW file selec tion dialog It also starts the Mesh edi tor Figure 2 3 shows the File selection dialog that queries you for a filename Save superelement mesh Saves the superelement mesh data you have cre ated Load finite element problem Loads an existing finite element problem by invok ing the FEFLOW file selection dialog Figure 2 3 Save finite element problem Saves the complete data for the current finite ele ment problem Note that this does not
29. data set together with a curve representing the best fit found by optimizing all implemented parametric mod The data plot view initially shows all points of a els from their respective default initial parameter val FEFLOW 5 2 127 ues Thin horizontal bars are drawn one standard deviation above and below each data point Thick hori zontal bars are placed above and below each point at a distance corresponding to the respective standard devi ation divided by the square root of the weighting fac tor they will thus overlay the thin bars for all points that have a weighting factor of unity To toggle the displaying of error bars in the active data plot use the Error Bars command issued via the View gt Error Bars menu entry via context menu right click in data plot view by pushing the associ ated toolbar button T or by pressing the B key When the cursor is placed over a data point the val ues of the measured independent and dependent vari able of the standard deviation and of the weighting factor for that data point are displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the main window Data plot views can be cloned see below Pressure Head cm Figure 10 6 Data plot view window 128 User s Manual Part 10 2 7 Data view cursor modes Different cursor modes are available for a data plot view window to provide the functionality to select data points and to navigate the plot The cursor mod
30. directory in a folder called tutorial Otherwise you have to run the FEFLOW setup program again in Modify mode Add the tutorial package additionally by checking the square besides the Tutorial entry As it 1s not always easy to verbally describe actions to be done on screen we will make use of some signs This may help in associating the written description with graphical information provided by FEFLOW The signs illustrate various types of input menu command Efl button input field for text or numbers switch toggle B radio button or checkbox Please notice that the color of the corresponding element in FEFLOW may be different depending on the window in which the element occurs You will find for example green menus or yellow switch toggles as well as the blue ones shown above All file names are printed in color This tutorial does not include detailed instructions for the different input tools options etc We assume that you have gone through the Demonstration Exercise before and that you are familiar with the FEFLOW menu structure FEFLOW 5 2 135 11 2 Scenario The spatial data described below are visualized as view in ArcView in the tutorial gis av3 directory win start demo apr for Windows start demo apr for UNIX You should define the environment variable wasy demo for the path c Nprogram files Nwasy feflow 5 2 demo before you load the apr file with ArcView only for Windows T
31. eastern contaminant site started its opera tion three years after the sewage plant As the sewage plant is active during the whole simulation time we can keep the corresponding boundary condition time con stant However we have to assign a time varying mass boundary condition for the deposit site Click on ES Time varying function IDs The Power function editor pops up Click on Efl New ID above the scroll list A new empty power function is created You can provide a short comment for the function in the m Comment line e g waste massbc This is useful if many time varying functions are created which cannot be identi fied easily by their IDs 150 User s Manual Part II Click on E Edit time list and type the lines of Table 11 4 in the appearing editor Table 11 4 Power function values fvalue joi 1095 CREE 50 Click on El Okay to return to the Mass transport boundaries menu and assign the time varying bound aries at the waste deposit site using the corresponding power function ID 5 Note that the toggle below the Time varying function IDs button has been set auto matically from M Time constant to M ID of 5 allow ing to assign the ID in the same way as a time constant value Constraints The procedure is similar to the setting of potential constraints for flow boundaries The only exception is here that two different types of constraints can be assigned The first one can be described as comple mentar
32. element type to connect arbitrary nodes within the same slice Only 1D arbi trary elements are currently implemented a Horizontal means slice parallel With the exception of arbitrary elements all frac ture elements are set along finite element edges 1D elements or along finite element faces 2D elements Vertical finite elements are set with respect to a given layer For example to assign a vertical tube between slice 3 and 4 the 1D vertical element has to be set on layer 3 It is indicated by the symbol o The fracture elements can be assigned by using the L Join or the A Join Tool It is also possible to copy all fracture elements between layers using the Copy tool Three different laws are available for the calculation of flow and transport along the discrete elements Darcy Hagen Poiseuille Manning Strickler Each of the laws needs the specification of some material parameters Use the buttons to switch between the parameter sets for flow mass or heat transport All parameters have to be filled in the correspond ing input boxes before setting a discrete element It is possible to use different laws for different discrete ele ments in one FEFLOW model Besides Assign joining tools for lines L Join and polygons A Join are avail able to enter and edit the discrete feature L Join elements Debug ser Return ESET 4 0000002 00 1 000000e 00 Figure 5 22 Data debugger
33. for a detailed explanation 5 13 IFM Modules A Module selection pop up window allows to activate deactivate program modules previously con figured in the Interface manager IFM Section 12 Modules must be activated before they can be used during a session You should deactivate a module before editing it in the Interface manager See the sec tion Programming interface Section 12 for further information Module Selection x Power Functions API Figure 5 23 IFM Module Selection 5 14 Mesh Geometry Selecting this item invokes tools such as Mesh enrichment Delete elements Check mesh proper ties and Triangularize quadrilateral elements See FEFLOW online Help for more details such as the inheriting of boundary conditions in case of mesh refinement Simulator The simulation engine of FEFLOW 6 1 Introduction This section describes the executing viewing and saving of flow and transport simulations An option to go back to the Problem editor is also offered Re Run simulator Halt and view results Budget analyzer NN Fluid flux analyzer Special operations Problem summary poet 0 Figure 6 1 Simulator Run menu Upon invoking the FEFLOW Simulation kernel the selected equation solver is started Accordingly to the problem to be solved and the selected solver options Section 2 6 various steps are required to pre pare the numerical simulation The simulator dynamically allocat
34. for discrete feature elements Changing parameters is possible via the Debug 5 11 3 Examples tool Please note that Debug only affects the elements of the selected type and law The material has to be Table 5 6 shows an overview of practical applica chosen before starting the debug function The parame tions of discrete feature elements in a FEFLOW model ter to debug is selected within the debug window Recommendations are given for the use of the different element types modes and laws provided by FEFLOW The Convert tool provides conversion functional ity from one law to another Table 5 6 Examples for the application of discrete feature elements Open channel river stope Manning Strickler channel or drainage trench Darcy filled by porous material Borehole shaft abandoned Hagen Poiseuille Man well open ning Strickler borehole abandoned well Darcy filled by porous material Pipe tunnel Manning Strickler Horizontal fault Hagen Poiseuille overland flow runoff Manning Strickler drain section Darcy Vertical fracture or fault Hagen Poiseuille drain element pervious shell Darcy FEFLOW 5 2 73 74 User s Manual Part 5 12 Problem Summary The Problem Summary window is described in Sec tion 4 9 It summarizes both the important data gener ated and the status of the problem editing process Select this tool to check the completeness of the data See Section 4 9 and FEFLOW online Help
35. for rendering the timeline may be substantially longer than the actual movie length which is identical to the presentation length 9 2 9 2 Navigation sequence flight path In the simplest case two key object positions are defined one at the beginning and one at the end of the presentation time line presentation time is real time as observed on a wrist watch during presentation play back Whenever the autopilot Positioning category is engaged all intermediate object positions are automati cally interpolated between the bracketing keys result ing in a continuous object movement To produce more complex paths additional keys can be freely placed along the presentation time line The autopilot provides default key positions for the beginning and the end of the timeline Key object positions are defined as fol lows Figure 9 15 1 In the Autopilot panel disengage the Position ing category using its Engage toggle button if it is currently engaged 2 Position the object via mouse or Navigation panel 3 Move the timeline slider to the desired presenta tion moment or enter a percentage value of the presentation length 4 Press the Set button in the Positioning cate gory of the Autopilot panel to store the current object position as a new key object position Repeat steps 3 and 4 if the current object position is desired at multiple moments of the presentation Other wise r
36. for the evalua tion of the simulated results The menu is subdivided into four parts 5 10 1 Observation single points Observation points can be inserted where contami nant breakthrough or hydraulic head values are to be monitored during the simulation These points are also the basis for the reduced result data which are saved as dar files if so selected in the Control output data menu of the Simulator kernel Section 6 8 The num ber of observation points is unlimited Observation points can either be set on nodes or arbitrarily within the model domain Different import and export func tions are available A special Point property dialog allows you to define additional properties for the obser vation points Observation Points Properties E Figure 5 20 Observation points properties dialog Line style width and colors of a line and markers refer to the diagrams in the simulator menu An indi vidual title can be assigned to the observation points The observation point number is automatically changed by deleting points For the use of the options please refer to the online Help hitting F1 in the menu 5 10 2 Observation point groups Grouped balance points are groups of observation points for which balance fluxes will be computed dur ing simulation This option is useful for making a his tory of flow balances e g for a river along its course You can specify which fluxes should be considered i e boundary
37. gator dialog The dialog can location use the Reset command issued via the be opened via the View View f Reset menu entry via context menu Navigator menu entry by right click in data plot by pushing the associ pushing the associated tool ated toolbar button or by pressing the 130 User s Manual Part bar button X or by pressing the N key while a data plot view is active 10 2 11 Data view cloning Multiple plot view windows for the same data set can be open simultaneously and navigated indepen dently e g to focus on certain portions of the set while also maintaining an overview of the entire plot Multi ple views for the same set are obtained by using the Clone command on an active data plot window The command is issued via the Window gt Clone menu entry via context menu right click in data plot by pushing the associated toolbar button or by press ing the C key FF Opt1 Pressui saturation 1 05 Pressure Head cm 0 500 400 300 200 100 Q0 Pressure Head cm Figure 10 8 Data plot views associated with the same data set shown with point selection rubber box 10 2 12 Exporting data fits A fitted data set can be exported to a regular ASCH text file with the Export Fit command issued via the Data gt Export Fit menu entry via context menu right click in data plot or by pressin
38. include the superelement mesh 20 User s Manual Part Lookin femdata My Recent E mesh2_3 fem Documents s mesh2_4 fem s qfiux_s2d_c fem S qflux_s3d_c fem Desktop S qmass s2d c fem S qmass s3d c fem S qmass s3d u fem S qmass t2d u fem My Documents My Computer My Network Places File name Files of type Feflow FEM Files fem Directory D Program Files WASYAFEFLOW 5 1 demo tutori Figure 2 3 FEFLOW file selection dialog Windows XP The file selection dialog offers to Add favorite directories and to Manage favorite directories 4 Windows operating systems only Add map The Add map option opens a File selection dialog for importing different types of background maps The list includes FEFLOW files Raster Images HPGL files ARC INFO Generate format files ArcView com patible shape files DXF or triplet files Map manager This selection opens a submenu for activating or erasing background maps For detailed information see FEFLOW online Help Import filter Export filter These options manage the loading and saving of data files in additional formats They are only shown when a folder named filter exists within the FEFLOW home directory The import of complete data files from the finite element package Sick 100 is cur rently supported The import of superelement meshes is possible in the ASC
39. list for selecting the two aquifers separately x Feflow Budget nalyzer x Figure 11 27 Budget analyzer If you have skipped the previous steps please load the file q mass s3d c fem via the Load finite element problem option from the File menu before beginning this exer cise FEFLOW 5 2 167 11 4 4 3 Fluid flux analyzer e Select Import segments as lines The File Selector pops up In the uppermost field the Fil Using the flux analyzer we can quantify the flows ter the extension lin is shown through the model or through a subarea in vertical or e Change the extension to ply and horizontal direction The fluxes are computed from the e Click on the Ef Filter button at the lower edge of Darcy velocity and the corresponding area either node wise continuous or elementwise discontinuous Feflow Fluid Flux Analyzer x the file selector e Select the file clayhole ply and click on Ef Okay p DEM EE The polygon is imported and visualized as colored line with an ID e Select the ID from the light blue button and e Click Ef Start Figure 11 28 Fluid flux analyzer We want to check how much water is flowing through the hydrogeologic window Use the corresponding background map for this subarea clayhole ply as template Polygons cannot be imported explicitly into this menu so we insert the polygon as Segment and use it for the flux analysis Select 93 Normal flux through current
40. navigation via Navigation panel or mouse back or movie export tools and all object positioning becomes autopilot con trolled Tip Both autopilot categories store normalized problem independent information Using the File Export and File Import menus the current autopilot settings of the active view can thus be exported to an fxa file and subsequently be imported during another fex session with different problem dimen sions and world coordinates or into another view win dow within the same fex session 7262 9 m 2 Autopilot Simulation Time Set M M Engage Positioning ZEN Delete Move 1 _ n Engage Frame Size Frame Rate 54 of 15 sec 112 User s Manual Part The total length of the presentation in seconds can be entered above the play back controls in the lower right section of the Autopilot panel The displayed per centage value corresponds to the position of the time line slider It can be edited to explicitly set a timeline position The user specified target frame rate is used in two ways During play back it is an upper limit on the actual frame rate which can be substantially lower espe cially when plotting transient data Pa 43 83r m 6671 4 m r262 8 m Figure 9 15 Setting autopilot key object positions When exporting to a movie avi file the target frame rate becomes the actual movie frame rate while the time required
41. norm to measure an integral error quantity The Absolute p integral error norm represents an average of absolute deviations of the error in the solution domain The Maximum L error norm can be useful to focus on the maximum error occurring in the solution It is the strongest mea sure and should be used if the local error is important in the numerical process scheme listens to each sound Modify the setting of the Maximal number of iter ations per time step for problems which need many iterations to meet the convergence criterion If the error does not fall below the criterion during the given num ber of iterations an error message is produced in the Log window Adaptive mesh error and the A posteriori error estimator define the computation of the Adaptive mesh refinement See Section 2 6 Refer to the White Paper Error norms used in FEFLOW Chapter 5 of the White Papers Vol I for additional information FEFLOW 5 2 49 For further informa tion refer to the FEFLOW White Paper The Petrov Galerkin least square method PGLS 50 User s Manual Part Upwinding Five types of Upwinding settings are available to stabilize numerical results for mass and heat transport problems No upwinding Galerkin FEM approach This is the default option and produces the best accuracy however it may lead to oscillations in the concentra tion or temperature results if convection dominated transport processes are mod
42. of FEFLOW with third party software or self created code Data can be exchanged for preprocessing during the simulation run and for postprocessing The interface allows to create additional submenus and menu entries in the FEFLOW GUI too The IFM pro vides support in all phases of building and maintaining user modules An assistant guides the initial creation process while the project management dispenses with the need to edit Makefiles and others A callback editor generates the source code for each event you intend to handle Additional tools and editors complete the mod ule development environment The modules are acti vated in the 4dd Modules menu of the Problem Editor see Section 5 13 Section 12 of this manual intro duces the Programming interface 2 8 Dimension Menu This menu is used to select the dimensionality of the finite element formulation Two dimensional 2D When the 2D toggle is activated an areal two dimensional representation of the study domain and database is used This default two dimensional repre sentation covers horizontal vertical and axisymmetric models If invoked for a three dimensional model it will reduce the model including the database to a sin gle 2D sliced model representation Three dimensional 3D The 3D toggle is activated to employ three dimen sional modeling If invoked for a two dimensional model the model is extended a 3D multi aquifer or FEFLOW 5 2 25 26 User
43. pouce e Select the File type ESRI shape from the lower MINI EE list open the importtexport directory jo I uicit e Select a shape file by double clicking on its name A message box pops up asking to confirm Click on Efl Okay The file is added to the map object e Click on Efl Okay in order to leave the menu and to redraw the map object n the upper left Attribute info field select the of the attribute type and the data is given Attribute you want to classify Below information Figure 11 17 The classifier FEFLOW 5 2 157 In the lower M Classify field you can specify how you want to classify the data Hit Fl for detailed information e At last click on the E Classify button The classi fication is shown in the dentifiers list Leave the menu clicking on the Efl Okay buttons To create a new map object Click on the Globe icon in the Tool bar Click within the working window to set the first corner of the map object Hold the left mouse button pressed and open a rectangle by dragging the cursor across the work ing window Release the left mouse button The Properties menu pops up e Click on Efl Add for adding files to the map object as described above Leave the menu clicking on the Efl Okay buttons The new map object is shown on the working win dow Other items in the Properties menu control the scale the colors and outlines of the visualized data the background settings
44. s Manual Part multi layer volume The extension of the model is controlled by the 3D Layer Configurator menu Sec tion 5 4 This menu immediately appears after the 3D toggle is selected The 3D Layer Configurator menu contains commands to configure the vertical extent of the layer and the geometric relations for a 3D aquifer system 2 9 Tools Menu This menu has several submenus giving access to useful programs integrated in FEFLOW License setup start Plot Assistant program start Parameter fitting program Start Map Assistant program Start A window dump License setup allows to choose another license server or to add and edit license information for FEFLOW See the DVD booklet for detailed information Start Xplot program UNIX only starts the XPLOT plotting program XPLOT is an X Window based software tool supplementary to the FEFLOW package It works interactively to handle all the plotting using the what you see is what you get WYSIWYG principle XPLOT works with the XSPOOL program another FEFLOW tool These two programs spool and queue all files directly to a plotter within the UNIX network Start Plot Assistant program Windows only invokes the sophisticated FEPLOT tool for compos ing and printing plots based on ESRI Shape files DXF files and FEFLOW plot files See Section 6 4 2 Start Map Assistant program starts a program for ge
45. sent fluid fluxes Q contaminant fluxes Q or thermal fluxes Q The corresponding units are m d g d J d respectively Figure 6 12 Time period for balancing This option is accessible from the Postprocessor It is not accessible from the Simulator Kernel because there only the current time stage is available To ana lyze a time period the simulation run has to be stored in a Postprocessor file use the Control output menu Section 6 8 for this purpose The Postprocessor allows a budget analysis for a simulated time period The time histories of the fluxes Q m3 d Q g d Q J d and the fluid masses M m contaminant masses g and thermal energy J accumulated during the selected time period are computed as results All results of the different budgeting operations can be stored in a Protocol file Moreover all Accumu lated nodal fluxes can be saved to an ASCII file For each selected node the boundary flux is symbolized by red circles for influxes and blue circles for outfluxes in the working window where the diameter of the circles is related to the flux quantity Detailed information about the Budget analyzer is provided in the online Help 6 6 Fluid Flux Analyzer The Fluid flux analyzer tool computes quantities of horizontal or vertical fluid fluxes entering or exiting the simulated region subregions points or boundary sections It is not intended as a check on numerical accuracy but rather as an add
46. simulation results 88 superelement mesh 20 shared libraries 175 shell menu 13 19 28 73 dimension 25 edit 21 file 20 info 27 options 23 postprocessor 22 91 run 22 simulator 75 tools 26 window 27 shift origin 35 shock capturing see upwinding show file 27 show see tools simulator kernel 22 simulator menu 75 re run Simulator 81 computational status bar 81 control output 88 edit modify problem 81 halt amp view results 82 solver direct equation 24 iterative equation 23 sorption coefficient 63 source sink of contaminants 63 special operations postprocessor 93 special see tools specific option settings 50 start simulator 22 storage compressibility 61 storage demand 27 streamline upwinding see upwinding superelement mesh copy 34 design 21 29 erase 35 T temporal amp control data menu 48 a posteriori error estimator 49 adaptive mesh error 49 CN scheme 49 direction of gravity 50 error tolerance 49 power functions editor 50 specific option settings 50 time step editor 49 time steps 49 upwinding 50 three dimensional 3D 25 time recording 27 time varying funcions 58 time step editor 49 T list see tools TMesh 39 Tools 101 119 tools assign 53 58 convert 59 copy 53 debug 55 export 59 FEFLOW tools 101 119 join 54 59 options 59 show 55 special 55 T list 51 59 vanish 55 tools menu 26 disk space 26 FEPLOT 26 license setup 26 start map assistant program 26 start Parameter fittin
47. slice e Geometric units to be selected M Polygon e Geometric data selection based on M Segment The Edit button becomes enabled e Click on Efi Edit and 168 User s Manual Part Il 11 4 5 Step 4 3D options For visualizing 3D prob lems FEFLOW provides the E 3D Options menu You can enter that menu from the Shell menu as well as from the Problem Editor for visu alizing the parameters already set or from the Simu lator menu and from the Postprocessor where addi tional analyzing tools are available Use the Tricycler for manipulating the display and move the visualized objects by mouse Perform the simulation run with the extended model and enter the 3DOptions menu green button on lower left side of the screen Figure 11 30 Feflow s Tricycler Head H Pressure P Mass C Body Heat T Velocity field Velocity iV Isolines hd Saturation Pathline Fringes Content Kxx Save Isosurfaces l References P Kyy Capture Fences p Kzz Figure 11 30 3D Options menu Visualize Select Visualize Fences amp Materials Kxx see Figure 11 30 to get a view of the distribu tion of conductivity values along the previously designed fences and segments Change the value of Jsosurface scalar to for example 10 in the Tricycler Ef Properties Gen eral Afterwards enter the Efl 3D Options menu and select amp Visualize Isosurface amp Mass C The 10 mg l isosurfac
48. the locations of the wells as ASCII Point file XY F pnt Leave the Flow boundaries menu now Ef Return and enter the ES Flow materials menu Flow materials Only Transmissivity Source sink for groundwater recharge and the Transfer rate have to be defined The values of transmissivity are the product of the conductivity multiplied by the local aquifer thickness The aquifer thickness represents the summed thickness of the upper and the lower aquifer the aquiclude is neglected in 2D Load the values for Efl Transmissivity from the corresponding triplets file via the l Assign M Database tool trans 2d trp I linear M Akima 3 neighbors 0 over undershooting Ef Import time constant data For assigning the groundwater recharge to the Source sink parameter we will use a polygon file as template and link it with a database Select the Join tool from the scroll list below the Mesh inspector icon Choose Polygons from the small Join menu Now click on Ef Load In the file selection dialog select the polygon file mean recharge ply Next the database selection dialog pops up Select the ASCII Table mean recharge dat if linking already exists this step is skipped The links between the polygon file and the database are edited in the Item database associator popping up next On the left hand side the Database items list shows the field names of the linked database On the right hand side the
49. to discard all subsequent nodes This action is indicated by the p cursor To attach a new superelement to an existing one click one of the existing nodes Clicking on a superele ment edge between vertices inserts a new vertex at the current cursor position This is indicated by the node insertion cursor g During supermesh design it is possible to zoom in and out with the zoomer and to pan the view clicking the middle mouse button and dragging You can use the TAB and lt SHIFT gt lt TAB gt keys for a gradual for ward and backward panning respectively FEFLOW Fixator x 3406097 2500 5813825 500q 4 Load file 22 lt lt lt Clear all items gt gt gt m4 Q7 250C Eg 7205 EAC 16097 2500 3405021 2500 3406750 7500 3405268 5000 3406791 7500 3407433 2500 5813825 500 5814495 000 5813708 500 5815152 000 5814328 000 5813962 000 Figure 3 1 Fixator Add line add ins Add point add ins Add ins specify where nodes are to be set during the finite element mesh generation They are very useful for example to place nodes exactly at the locations of wells and observation points or for refining of zones along rivers or faults Add ins are only applicable for triangular meshes using the TMesh or the external Triangle mesh generator See Section 4 5 Add ins are designed in the same manner as superelement poly gons To add a line add in draw a line on the scre
50. to use Triangle FEFLOW 5 2 39 wwe Unresponsive tog gles indicate that the current mesh ing option does not apply to this element type To change to an appropriate element type change the corresponding option in the Shell Options menu Section 2 6 6 noded triangles and 15 node prisms are cur rently not supported 40 User s Manual Part Mesh q switch option constrains the minimum angle of the triangles This angle can be directly prescribed Furthermore using the L switch option the triangula tion can be forced to be a Delaunay for all triangles not just a constrained Delaunay Commonly the divide and conquer Delaunay meshing algorithm is pre ferred Alternatively the i switch option performs the incremental Delaunay meshing algorithm 4 6 Select Elements Before finite element meshes can be generated the type of finite elements must be selected Feflow Finite Element Library Pb BL f g A a Figure 4 3 FEFLOW element library Defaults Because defaults are available the novice user may skip this section Defaults in 2D are the linear 4 nodal quadrilateral element for the mesh quadrangulation option and the linear 3 nodal triangular element for the mesh triangulation option In 3D the corresponding defaults are the 8 nodal quadrilateral prism and the 6 nodal triangular prism respectively Finite element mesh selection A current element library is shown when the Select e
51. 1 2 Control bars Navigation and Distortion panels for spatial con trol of the model domain object Data panel to select data to be plotted Plots panel to set visibility of plotted features and select plot styles for editing Plot Control panel to edit selected plot style and plotted data range FEFLOW 5 2 101 FEFLOW FEFLOW em or dac file Explorer never modifies a data e Simulation Time panel to control displayed simu lation time for simulation records dac files of transient problems e Autopilot panel to set up a dynamic presentation Planes panel to define clipping planes and cutout combinations These dockable control bars automatically dock to the dynamically indicated new position when dragged around A control bar can also be dragged into another control bar to either share its space or to become a tabbed window Pressing the CTRL key while dragging a control bar prevents it from docking The default con trol bar layout can be re established using the Prefer ences menu 9 1 3 Status bar Status messages and progress bars reflecting current activity are shown in the left portion of the status bar The next section to the right gives x y z coordinates corresponding to the current cursor position whenever the mouse cursor is over the model domain within a view window the Preferences menu can be used to switch between local and global coordinates The two f
52. 103 When using the mouse cursor to amp rotate the object the new position is a nonu nique combination of tilt and spin rotations thus cursor induced rotations are always interpreted as pure tilt and zero spin to main tain uniqueness Navigation Screen Offset Axis View Tilt ox Bi 0 957 0 206 0 206 126 4 auto 1S i if b Show Axis PEN Relative Distance spin Near J Far Box xum J 3 Show Axis Figure 9 2 Navigation panel and vertical directions of the view window Pressing the Full View Ed toolbar button resets the relative distance to unity and offset to zero Tilt expresses the rotation from the default object position camera looking down in z direction x and y axes pointing to the right and up respectively to the current rest position i e before applying any spin Spin is a second independent rotation with its own axis and angle Thus spinning the object is possible about any spin axis through the object center and start Figure 9 3 Object rotation by mouse cursor 104 User s Manual Part ing from any initial position tilt Internally tilt is always applied before spin Using the Navigation panel tilt and spin can be adjusted separately and inde pendently Orientation presets are provided in the Axis View section of the Navigation panel where each but ton corresponds to a camera view along the indicated axis direction Typically m
53. 5 2 53 54 User s Manual Part EE EEUEELL Feflow Database Regionalization Menu Save as ASCII points Column Selection 184376 250 640475 000 6345926 000 55267 125 148437 16 000 254450 500 2502038 000 14284 875 2194 945 6785 623 18038 727 316 873 61176 211 4457 415 20546 279 555 130 Siedlungsfl chen locker 4 Ackerland 3 Siedlungsfl chen locker 4 Gew sser 1 Ackerland 3 Wald Forstfl chen 2 Wald Forstfl chen 2 Siedlungsfl chen dicht 4 0 CO Co Cl qd CO rS t cO Co Cl qs CO rS Figure 5 9 Database regionalization window and column Selection Join Allows you to use ASCII or Shape file polygons or FEFLOW supermeshes as templates You can interac tively set values for each subarea interpolate triplet files on selected subareas or import a value for each subarea automatically by linking the ID of the subarea with a column of an Arc Info ASCII or a dBase data base It is also possible to assign values from a database to different timesteps of time varying material data see Section 11 3 4 3 The linking of a polygon file with a database is sup ported by a submenu See the online Help for detailed information and have a look at the application example of the FEFLOW Tutorial Section 11 3 2 2 Ng er gt Item Parameter Association NDUC 2D Aquifer bottom elevation TOP_ELEV Aquifer thickness BOTTOM_ELE Aquifer top el
54. Automatic zooming during the areal and grad ual meshing process Automatically zooms to the current supermesh element The smallest super element will be shown first TMesh Delaunay Mesh generation b This generator developed at the EPFL GEOLEP a Swiss Institute of Technology Laboratory of Geology B Metin or high refinement requires signifi cantly more computational effort and accordingly more time for the meshing pro Cess Lausanne Switzerland allows to comfortably define the local variation of mesh density Having selected the TMesh meshing tool by click ing on the uppermost light blue button the following menu items become visible Level of refinement around superelement bor ders Specify a refining factor for the finite ele ment mesh along the superelement borders Level of refinement around line point add ins If you have designed add ins Section 3 5 you can define here how the mesh should be refined along the lines and or around the points Triangle Delaunay MR EET The Triangle mesh generator developed by J R not provided with Shewchuk provides a fast triangulation algorithm for rez ow For details about triangular meshes including a large number of add ins how to obtain the Triangle Several options are available to control the meshing mesh generator see the process which can be used individually or combined alert box opening when you Most important are the following options The Quality try
55. Autopilot panel Delete and Move buttons become enabled whenever the position of the presenta tion timeline slider coincides with an existing user added key in the respective category Pressing Delete or Set removes or replaces the key respectively Pressing the Move button toggles the key move mode While in key move mode the respective user added key can be moved along the timeline anywhere between its immediately neighboring keys using the timeline slider To copy a previously defined key to another presen tation moment proceed as follows 1 In the Autopilot panel set the presentation time to that of the desired source key using the Pre vious Key and Next Key push buttons of the source key category 2 Engage the source key category using its Engage toggle button if it is currently disen gaged The source key is applied to the associ ated view window 3 Disengage the source key category using its Engage toggle button 4 Move the timeline slider to the desired target presentation moment or enter a percentage value of the presentation length 5 Press the Set button in the source key cate gory 9 2 9 5 Preview via play back Before exporting an autopilot presentation to a movie file it can be previewed in the respective view window using the autopilot play back function Play back renders the timeline in real time to give an approximation of the
56. Body Window System of UNIX CASE Computer Aided Software Engineering Dynamic Link Library DSO Dynamic Shared Object shared library Finite Element Method Graphical User Interface 178 User s Manual Part III 12 2 Interface Manager for Users 12 2 1 Module configuration The administration of modules is part of the IFM dialog called from the main menu entry IFM Con figure With the selection of an interface in the left column all registered modules for this interface are displayed in the middle column while the right column shows all events callbacks for which a module can be called After selecting a module all implemented functions are marked in the right column with a plus sign and all non implemented functions with a minus sign The top section shows the prototype and a short explanation of the callback function Interface Manager void ExceptionHandler IfmHandle pHdl IfmExceptionContext pEx The Exception Hanaer is called whenever an exceptional condition in one ofthe interface functions occurs The default exception handler prevents the interface function from returning The execution skips to the next module pEx points to following exception structure struct IfmExceptionContext Sample module C Power Functions API Test Diagram Functions API Pest Regionalization simulation OnChangeProblemClass OnChangeTopology ExceptionHandler A OnActivate 4 OnBeginDoc
57. FEFLOW parameters are listed First you should define which database field contains the IDs of the polygons Click on IDD in the Database Items hist highlight ing it Click on ID on top of the FEFLOW Parameter list Click on the Ef Add link button on the right The link is visually displayed Create a link between the database item Recharge and the FEFLOW parameter Source sink for flow in the same way You have to scroll the FEFLOW Param eter list by using the vertical slider bar for visualizing the source sink for flow parameter An additional field at the bottom of the menu allows to define optional conversion factors for the data transfer which is not necessary for our data The result of the linking should look like Figure 11 6 Now click on the Okay button to leave the menu Click on the E Source sink button in order to activate the joining A red alert box pops up asking you if you want to import the data for interactively selected polygons or perform automatic overlay DD Outflux transfer rate Porosity Porosity for unsaturated store Pressure Reaction coefficient 2 Reference distribution Residual saturation Sr Saturation Sorption coefficient Sorption coefficient 2 Source sink for flow Source sink for transport Storage compressibility 10 4 d Figure 11 6 Item Parameter Association Click on the Ef Overlay button The Joining is exe cuted automatically for all elements You can visualize the values
58. II Generate Polygon format All import filters are available on both UNIX and Win dows You can easily add filters for your own data for mats See online Help for more detailed information Print Windows only Starts the FEPLOT print tool for automatic visual ization of the plot files captured during the current ses sion The plot files can be saved in FEFLOW on UNIX too These files can be subsequently visualized in FEPLOT on a Windows based PC Recent FEM DAC SMH files Any of the six most recently used files of each type can be loaded directly from here The saving options Add map Map manager and Print are always available in the Quick Access menu invoked by clicking on the green field to the left of the work ing window Figure 2 2 2 3 Edit Menu m This menu is invoked to set PEET up a FEFLOW problem The superelement mesh following paragraphs explain the commands in this menu us Edit problem attributes Design superelement Mesh invokes the Mesh editor for designing a superelement mesh It uses the mouse as the basic input environment or the keyboard Geometric data for a study area is entered using the FEFLOW Mesh editor see Section 3 New mesh editor Continue polygon design Correct superelements Map Inactive v Active BREE heat _discont shp RIES Add in lines points Copy superciements Erase superelements Problem measure Restart mesh editor
59. II databases you have to select the appropriate columns for the x y coordinates and for the function value or the data have to be pre Hydraulic head Alternate ok pared as so called triplet files using the format x Tools options coord y coord function value T ga In the Flow initials menu you can regionalize sta i Nadal Mesh inspector tionary data only where the function value describes ubberbax the constant value In the Flow boundaries and Flow materials menus transient data can be regionalized too For examples please refer to the Demonstration Exer cise book and the Tutorial Section 11 or invoke the FEFLOW online Help hitting F1 perimou fef Copy feflow feflow feflow tef tow Is mostly used for 3D problems It copies flow ini KEYBOARD REQUEST tial data from the current slice to other slices Do not forget to assign flow initials to each slice not just the Unit top one The Advanced option allows copying of an initial distribution to a reference distribution with a given identifier Reference distributions can be used as a placeholder for data see Section 5 10 For a detailed Assign description of the different options see the online Help Manages the keyboard controlled and mouse based input of data and regionalization from databases Choose from the following input types Global Uniform value for the whole model 2D or the current slice 3D Figure 5 8 Flow Initials submenu FEFLOW
60. IVEIUOE ssa ERE ersan radd 30 Continue Polygon Design 32 Map Inactive Active 0 eee ee eee 33 Add In Lines Points llle 33 Display of the Working Window 15 The Map Manager lessen 16 IDODO 2d ocaeca qus 9 ER CR RR HEIC e 17 Shell Menu wc ee R R nn n eee eee eee ee ID IFM Interface Manager 25 Dimension Menu 000 ccc ee eee 25 Tools VIG uuu ape w 9091 NOR ae E Ae COR 26 Window Menu eee 27 Info Men s s ducscoouder EU cresie HO 33 A o 27 Mesh SOIL MEET ok 6 ae ese we wh oe he Ee oe hw TIPPS Copy 5 perelemielits au due dadan ce s 34 Erase Superelements 000e 35 Problem Measure 00 000 cee ee eee 35 Restart Mesh Editor 00 00008 36 Start Mesh Generator 020085 36 4 Mesh Generator cc ecw ce ewe e eee nn ee cece eee 37 FEFLOW 5 2 iii iv User s Manual 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 Introduction llle 37 Generate Automatically 4 37 Generate Areally 44 iui doce ea e dm de RR 37 Generate Gradually 005 38 Generator Options 453 9x aot sce mg ore ees 38 5 Problem Editor 5 1 2 2 5 3 5 3 1 5 3 2 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 9 9 2 9 1 5 9 2 2 9 3 5 9 4 5 9 4 1 IMtMOGUCHON ETT 45 Problem Class uci A CU OR ae ee POE PR CN 46 Temporal amp Control Data
61. It is entirely legiti align a 2D vertical domain to a given gravity direction mate to il eate for instance with slope laws for unsaturated or density meshes containing interior holes e g where an aquifer crops out driven problems After setting the center point of the rotation either by mouse click or using the Fixator by hitting F2 you are prompted for the rotation angle An alert box asks you to confirm or discard the rota tion Geotransformation Geotransformation allows the geographical trans formation of a FEFLOW model See chapter 3 2chapter 3 2 for details Smooth mesh To achieve a better conformation of the finite ele ment mesh to the problem and to reduce the number of obtuse angled elements choose this option All nodes will be redistributed depending on the current hydrau lic head gradient The resulting node distribution may be declined returning to the previous status Move node If moving nodes in Use this option to move a single node of the finite a 3D mesh the z element mesh The moving operation is performed coordinates are either by clicking and dragging a node or by using the automatically interpolated Fixator To invoke the Fixator click the node keep the according to the slice eleva left mouse button pressed and hit F2 tions of the mesh Node movement is also possible with background maps where the nodes can be snapped to line or point data Check properties This button opens the
62. LOW Background maps rivers lin landuse lin geol Line files as active templates for the ogy lin designing of the superelement mesh model area lin mesh refining etc Mesh Generator a Mesh Geometry refine region ply Polygon file for areal mesh refining by A Join Temporal amp Control Data pL pumping rates of the four wells FlewDaa ooo d Flow Boundaries 3rd kind wlevel w trp Reference hydraulic heads for rivers wlevel e trp Ath kind mean well rate trp Location and pumping rates power well time funcs trp function IDs of the wells Flow Materials Ee Conductivity conduc 2d trp x y fvalue file for data regionalization Transmissivity trans 2d trp of conductivity z elevation files relief trp x y fvalue file for data regionalization bot sanl trp of the aquifer geometry 2D and slice bot clay trp elevations bot san2 trp FEFLOW 5 2 171 Table 11 10 List of all files for importing problem specific data in FEFLOW continued Parameter File name Description Source Sink mean recharge ply Polygons ply and ASCII data mean recharge dat bases dat for joining of ground time recharge ply water recharge recharge years dat Transport Data Transport Boundaries O ee taminant sources RefeeneData o Table 11 11 Default directory names file format uperelement mesh data Finite element problem data Resulting data Plot files Wc E TTE import export Import amp export files Onis edim
63. LOW plx files from their UNIX environment FEPLOT is described in more detail in the Tutorial see Section 11 3 5 Differ Save as plot file as soon selected for the set options ent data fusing ASCII ESRI Shape or AutoCad DXF Format oli Iia Or ams M cra formats for the export Exporting nodal quantities can be Heat Head specified Saturation Volumetric moisture content using the options in the lower right part of the Halt amp view results menu The menu items shown in red color refer to the plotting and exporting of computed results In the upper part of the red square there are six buttons for different types of graphics plot output The displayed data can be stored in the ARC INFO compatible ASCII Format lines and grids in the ArcView Shape file for mat as dxf file or as FEFLOW specific p1x file for visualization in FEPLOT Spatial data are accom panied by attribute data in ASCII INFO or dBase for mat You can define file formats and unit conversions in the Data store manager which is accessible via the Configure button in the FEFLOW File selector menu Diagrams are stored in fpd files which can be read by XPLOT the FEFLOW plotting tool in UNIX environments For additional and more detailed information please activate the FEFLOW online Help by hitting F1 or by clicking the Help button DataStore Manager ISOLINES HEAD Isolines Head shp Figure 6 10 Data Store Manager DSM The togg
64. Mesh property checker Indi cate all obtuse triangles shows all obtuse angled ele ments in the mesh triangles containing an angle greater than 90 which may cause numerical prob lems You should change the supermesh and or the 42 User s Manual Part finite element mesh to avoid such elements In order to detect ill connected superelements the option Count number of interior holes can be helpful Measure total area and volume of the domain allows to calcu late the complete area and volume of the model Create supermesh from The function Create supermesh from outer border geometry allows saving of the outline of the finite ele ment model as a new superelement mesh 4 9 Problem Summary The Problem summary gives an overview about the settings of the model It can be invoked on different levels in the FEFLOW pre and postprocessing menus The following information will be presented File name specification of the file including data type ASCII or binary and version number Problem title Most Recent updating time of the last data manipulation Problem Dimension 2D or 3D problem Problem Type saturated or unsaturated Number of layers Number of slices Problem measure width of the working window Vertical exaggeration Projection horizontal vertical or axisymmetric confined or unconfined aquifer Problem class flow and or transport process Time class steady or unst
65. OW Programming Interface The Problem measure Section 3 8 menu the Mesh geometry editor Section 4 8 and the Problem summary Section 4 9 were described in the previous sections In the following subsections we discuss the main properties of the editor in detail Note that all working steps within the menus can be carried out with or without zooming 5 2 Problem Class The Problem classifier dialog has three functions specifying the problem title setting the problem class and specifying the problem projection Refer to the Reference manual for background information on problem classes and projections The current problem title can be changed to a new project title which will appear in the data files Feflow Problem Classifier X Figure 5 1 Problem definition The General type of problem distinguishes between the classical Saturated media groundwater approach and Unsaturated or variably saturated media A problem can have one of two distinct problem classes Flow only or Flow amp mass heat thermohaline transport Types of simulation in the Flow only class are steady and transient flows For unsaturated problems a choice between the standard Richards equation and steady state linearization has to be made Steady state linearization is an extremely fast solution method whose applicability is restricted to special conditions For further information see online Help and the FEFLOW White Paper Steady state line
66. Problem editor also allows the definition of the simulation type Problem measure and the editing of the Mesh geometry simulation control TERIS r parameters Problem summary Help Exit to master menu Discrete feature elements The following main menus are available Problem class Serves for editing the title general type of problem saturated or unsaturated media problem class steady or transient flow or transport simulation projection and the handling of free surfaces Temporal amp control data Sets parameters which control the simulation run and offers input tools for time varying data 3D Slice elevation Configures the vertical extent of the layer and the geometric relations for a 3D aquifer system Flow data Provides submenus for the setting of all parameters defining a subsurface flow problem Section 5 5 It also gives access to the editing menus for initial boundary and material conditions Transport data Offers a submenu structure similar to the Flow data FEFLOW 5 2 45 46 User s Manual Part menu for all parameters defining a contaminant mass and or heat transport problem Reference data Provides submenus to control the settings for com parison of measured and computed values IFM modules Controls which external program modules are used within the current model Please refer to Section 12 and the online Help for detailed information concerning the FEFL
67. Start mesh generator Help Exit to master menu Generate finite element mesh opens the Mesh generator for creating a finite element mesh within the designed superelement mesh see Sec tion 4 Generate automatically Generate areally Generate gradually X K K Generator options Select elements Continue mesh design Mesh geometry Problem summary Exit to master menu FEFLOW 5 2 21 Use the Options Menu Section 2 6 to modify settings for the Simulator Kernel 22 User s Manual Part Edit problem attributes Problem class invokes the Problem editor T ral amp trol dat Lu that is used to edit all prob 3D Slice elevation mc lem especific parameters see Transport data Section 5 Reference data Mesh geometry ET ae Exit to master menu 2 4 Run Menu This menu offers the entry to the Simulation kernel ed Start simulator Start simulator initializes the FEFLOW Simulator run menu which appears to the left of the FEFLOW screen See Section 6 Note that the Simulator run menu is very similar to the Postprocessor menu See Figure 2 4 The simulator s analysis tools like Budget or Fluid flux analyzer can be applied to the current time step of the simulation only while the postprocessor also sup ports analyzing of time periods 2 5 Postprocessor Menu The Postprocessor provides capabilities for detailed analysis of Postprocess simulation results
68. To problem editor A menu appears Continue simulation after a dac file Help has been loaded Exit to master menu When invoked the Postprocessor inspects all saved time steps After the loading phase it halts at the last time step The Post processor displays the same diagram windows as the Simulator see Section 6 1 For transient problems only the values of the saved time steps appear in the diagrams If only selected time stages have been saved in the postprocessor file curves may appear step like The Postprocessor offers numerous menu items which are described in detail below 7 2 File Information This window summarizes all important data of the selected Postprocessor file e g File name Problem title Date of file data Problem dimension type of Projection etc You should select this option to check problem data 7 3 Background Maps You can use this option to enter the Add map and the Map manager options which are identical to the options of the same name in the Shell File menu Sec tion 2 2 FEFLOW 5 2 91 The browser can be U used simulta neously with other menu items For instance the Results Viewer can remain open while a differ ent time stage is selected in the browser 92 User s Manual Part 7 4 Browse File A scroll list a est Eee fers this option is selected All time steps d 990278e 000 AARU OA 492708e 000 the postproces 000000e 001 Sor file a
69. WASY Software FEFLOW 5 2 Finite Element Subsurface Flow amp Transport Simulation System User s Manual H J G Diersch Contributions by P Schatzl R Gr ndler and V Clausnitzer WASY GmbH Institute for 4 Water Resources Planning and Systems Research Copyright notice No part of this manual may be photocopied reproduced or translated without written permission of the developer and distributor WASY GmbH Copyright c 2005 WASY GmbH Berlin all rights reserved WASY and FEFLOW are registered trademarks of WASY GmbH WASY GmbH Institute for Water Resources Planning and Systems Research Waltersdorfer Strafe 105 D 12526 Berlin Germany Phone 49 30 67 99 98 0 Fax 49 30 67 99 98 99 E Mail mail wasy de ii User s Manual Contents What s new in FEFLOW 5 2 0 cc cc we ee wee ee eee eee cece ee eee ed Part Menu Guide 1 The FEFLOW User Interface ew ee ewe n n RB Bg ew ee eee ID AWUN 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 ME OCIUCTION PD eae HR Rn ee 13 Parts orte Melle s pu St pe edi S ere ea 13 The Menu Hierarchy llle 14 The Zooming Function 6 15 Iit roc Ee LOT aes deceat d ae pee RE ee inen wd 19 au MCTCP rn 20 ze rP 21 Run Ment i23 e 4 ete ee oo dox ee ee cn 22 Postprocessor Menu llle 22 OpHONS MENU S dca ieri soa ARCANO qe a qoe qd 23 HEOC ON PDT XR 29 New MeSD
70. a To keep the pre vious data selection press the CTRL key while double clicking the new data source Preselected unconfirmed data sources are high lighted while active confirmed sources are shown in bold type with a green icon If a preselection contains exclusively sources that are already active indicated by a green icon the con text menu will offer the option to remove that preselec tion from the set of active data sources The current set of active data sources of each view window is saved with the current FEFLOW Explorer fex document 9 2 5 2 Plots panel The Plots panel tree is automatically updated with each change in data source selection It shows the Plots REP Entire Domain d Slices Sa volume 3 Distributed Data 3 46 Mass concentration mg l Boundary Geometry GY Edges MP Faces Elf Pixel Images e simulationArea tf jie Surface Map Distributed Data f Mass concentration mg l Continuous 1E Fringes QE Isolines e Conductivity Kex m d Figure 9 7Plots panel with sosurface plot style selected for editing selected data source s with all applicable plot style options Figure 9 7 Plot style options for the domain geometry and any imported map images are also shown Most plot styles can be applied to the domain boundary to internal slices and to vertical fences if any are present in the FEFLOW data file 1 e have been user defined in FEFLOW To
71. agnifier If an ESRI shape file has been loaded its attribute values are listed in a second Database inspector window Figure 5 12 Inspector Echo x HEAD is set 32 923035 m Database Inspector File geology shp Polygon RECORDe 74 AREA 22180526 PERIMETER 33670 8918 EINHEIT Talsand n GENESE Flugsandbildungen D nensand Figure 5 12 Mesh Inspector echo Keyboard request box Accepts keyboard input Having selected an option of a tool which requires keyboard input a default entry is shown here To change the value click into the box select the default value with the mouse in order to replace it or hit the lt TAB gt key Below the box the physical unit of the input value is displayed KEYBOARD REQUEST 100 000000 Unit m Figure 5 13 Keyboard request box Return Click this button to return to the upper menu level Content analyzer Offers functionality for computing the fluid mass energy content of the model There are eight different contents to evaluate They are listed in Table 5 1 Table 5 1 Content analyzer options The content analyzer is provided in all three flow mass and heat transport initial value menus as well as in the simulator and the postprocessor menus 5 7 Flow Boundaries The Flow boundaries menu supports the input of the boundary conditions for the flow equations Bound ary conditions can be stationary or time varying All boundary conditions c
72. al 62 export lines 71 export filter 21 export see tools F FEFLOW Explorer 101 fex file 102 Autopilot 111 Control Bars 101 Data panel 106 HQ mode 103 Map images 105 Movie Export 115 Plot Control Panel 108 Plots Panel 107 Simulation Time panel 108 Snapshot 111 Spatial Control 103 Status Bar 102 Toolbars 101 View Windows 103 FE LM 123 26 Control dialog 126 FEMAP see map assistant FEMATHED 67 fence data editor 71 FEPLOT 21 26 84 119 Draw objects 119 Map objects 119 OLE objects 120 Text objects 120 Toolbar 120 file menu 20 add map 20 export 21 import 21 load finite element problem 20 load superelement mesh 20 map manager 20 Print 21 recent files 21 save finite element problem 20 save superelement mesh 20 finite element mesh adaptive mesh refinement 24 delete elements 41 edit 21 element type 40 enrichment 41 generate 37 quadrangulation 23 triangulation 23 flow boundaries 52 flow boundaries menu 57 constraints 57 erasing 58 flux 57 head 57 ids of time varying functions 58 transfer 57 well 57 flow data menu 52 flow boundaries 52 57 flow initials 52 53 flow materials 52 59 flow initials 52 53 flow materials 52 porosity 62 flow materials menu 59 anisotropy factor 61 aquifer top bottom elevation 61 Brooks Corey 62 conductivity 61 density ratio 61 exponential 62 Haverkamp 62 in outflow on top bottom 61 saturation 62 storage compressibility 61 unsaturated properties 60 van Genuchten 62
73. an be limited by Constraints A detailed description of the different types of boundary conditions is given in the Reference Manual The boundary conditions are Head first type Dirichlet m It describes a fixed potential at a node e Flux second type Neumann m d m d Assigns a flux to a node for a 2D horizontal con fined model the flux is considered depth inte grated The boundary condition is only valid if you define a distance over which it should apply by selecting adjacent nodes Transfer reference hydraulic head third type Cauchy m Defines a reference hydraulic head of a domain outside the model such as a river or a lake The boundary condition is only valid if you define a segment along which it should apply by selecting adjacent nodes You have to define a Transfer rate in the Flow materials menu Sec tion 5 8 for the leakage arising between this refer ence hydraulic head and the aquifer Well fourth type m d Describes the injec tion or withdrawal of water at a single node It is possible to constrain the boundary conditions by setting Constraints The Constraint conditions of Flow boundaries submenu is opened by clicking the arrow to the right of each boundary condition button YT 2 iiyru Poors cise vie EOW BOMIRGIAPIES Head 1st kind Flux 2nd kind blk bl Transfer 3rd kind Well 4th kind Erasing Time varying function ID s Time cons
74. and manipulated by the following functions and utilities Correct Copy Zoom Erase Add Shift and Measure for details see the subsections below Context sensitive messages that appear in the message bar help you choose your next step Start the Mesh editor To Create a New Design From the Edit menu select Design superelement mesh This starts the Mesh Editor with an empty working window For editing the mesh you can choose between the FEFLOW 5 2 29 If you use mesh quadrangulation each superelement has to be quadrilateral The superelement is automati cally closed after specifying the forth vertex Overlapping super elements cause an invalid mesh gener ation When using triangu lar meshes overlapping of superelements is not auto matically prevented Be sure to check your superelement mesh accordingly 30 User s Manual Part mesh editor known up to release 4 8 and the so called New mesh editor which offers more comfortable and more efficient tools for the superelement design To Work With an Existing Design From the File menu select Load superelement mesh This loads a previously designed superelement data file You can modify the design in the Mesh Editor or you can mesh it by using the Mesh generator Online Help is always available by pressing the Help button Pushing the Exit to master menu button returns you to the Master Shell menu 3 2 New Mesh Editor The new mes
75. and the exact position of the map object on the page Invoke the FEPLOT online Help by hitting lt F1 gt for detailed information You can print the plot using the standard Windows print interface Leave FEPLOT and return to FEFLOW As an alternative to FEPLOT you can use the GIS System ArcView from ESRI or the CAD system AutoCAD for plotting your results and for further anal ysis of the resulting data Model data can be exported in shape file format shp or AutoCAD file format dxf using the Data Store Manager DSM For example click El Isolines Fringes in the 158 User s Manual Part Il DataStore Manager ISOLINES HEAD Figure 11 18 The Data Store Manager DSM dark red square of the View results window Choose the Efl Configure button in the file selection dialog to enter the DSM Using the different tabs you can select the file format control the exported database items change units and define file permissions Return to the file selector pushing the Efl Close but ton and store the file 11 3 6 Conclusions for the 2D model As the simulation reveals both sites are potential contaminators of the wells Obviously the sewage plant is a stronger potential contaminator and seems to affect the two center wells In contrast the waste deposit site seems to only influence the contaminant concentration of the mid east well Considering the fact that the contaminant plumes merge before arriving
76. aquitard It cannot move A free amp movable slice cannot move below a fixed slice in case of an overlaying aquifer falling dry instead natural con straints are activated that force the water table to remain above the fixed slice Reference Manual Part I e Unspecified For movable meshes FEFLOW adapts the slice automatically depending on the definition of the adjacent slices Set the slices so that the upper layer is unconfined and movable while the lower aquifer is confined free amp movable unspecified unspecified fixed unspeci fied fixed Now leave the Problem class menu Feflow 3D Free Surface s Editor Figure 11 24 Three dimensional free surface definition 11 4 3 2 Flow initials Make sure that the flow initials are set on every slice Use the Copy tool below the Assign tool light blue button if initials are missing on slices 11 4 3 3 Flow boundaries e Ist kind applied only to the upper two slices Use the Efl Erase button for the remaining slices e 2nd kind on every slice belonging to an aquifer not on slice 3 and 4 e 3rd kind on the two upper slices e 4th kind We will create some multi layer wells i e wells which extract water from both aquifers FEFLOW can connect the well boundary condi tions on adjacent slices To activate this function you have to set the corresponding button in the Special options settings submenu of the shell s amp Options menu Set the wells
77. arized Rich ards equation for fast solution of unsaturated flow sys tems FUSY In the Flow amp transport problem class there are three choices steady flow and steady transport steady flow and transient transport default or transient flow and transient transport Please note that in steady flow and transient trans port mode only one iteration is performed for the flow That means that the initial conditions for flow have to reflect steady state conditions In the case of mass transport either single species or multi species transport can be conducted For multi species transport an arbitrary number of species can be chosen A separate editor allows the definition of names for the species Each of the species can be dissolved in the fluid phase Fluid or bound to the matrix Solid The latter ones are not subject to dis placement Feflow Chemical Species List E ditor Fluid Fluid Solid 2 Solid 4 Figure 5 2 Chemical species definition Also different cases of 2D problem projection can be selected horizontal default vertical or axisymmetric problems Horizontal problems are aquifer averaged flow and transport processes while vertical and axisymmetric problems correspond to cross sectional and meridional models respectively Vertical and axisymmetric projec tions are the only available 2D projections for unsatur ated media and for gravity affected flui
78. arts Refer to the White Paper About the difference between the convective form and the divergence form of the transport equa tion for details The meaning of 64 User s Manual Part 5 9 2 Transport boundaries See Section 5 7 for details on this type of menu and associated sub menus The following types of boundary condi tions may be specified for the transport equations e Mass lst kind Dirichlet for heat Temperature known contaminant concen tration or tempera ture Flux 2nd kind Neu mann for heat Heat Flux inflow or out flow density of con taminant mass quantity or thermal energy Transfer 3rd kind Cauchy inflow or outflow density through a leaching layer e g from a salt dome into overlying aquifer through gypsum layer Well 4th kind single source or sink for contami nant or thermal energy All boundary conditions can be stationary or time varying Complementary constraints and constraints for hydraulic head are available for all kinds of bound ary conditions For detailed information about the physical background see the Reference Manual Sec tion 4 2 Mass Ast kind Flux 2nd kind Transfer 3rd kind Well 4th kind Erasing Time varying function ID s vy Nodal A Border A Rubberbox Mesh t Inspector gn i Database Return ow feflow feflow 5 9 3 Transport material data See Section 5 8 for detai
79. as shown in Table 11 8 Well West only extracts water from the first two slices The recharge rate has to be assigned to one node and is automatically distrib uted to all connected adjacent well boundary conditions according to the multi layer character istics Well MidWest has defined pumping rates for every slice in both aquifers instead Well Mid East is screened over the full length Well East only in the lower aquifer Table 11 8 Pumping rates for multi layer wells Eos Well West Well MidWest Well wx Well East m d m d m d FEFLOW 5 2 165 10 4 166 User s Manual hydraulic m s The default unit for conduc tivies in FEFLOW is according to the values in Table 11 9 for Kxx Kyy and Flow Materials Assign values for the conductivities of the layers Kzz For defining the hydrogeologic window connecting the two aquifers as described in the Scenario descrip tion Section 11 2 select layer 2 and import the poly gon clayhole ply via the 2 Join tool A Const For the area defined by that polygon set the horizontal con ductivity Kxx to 1 0e 03 m s so a value of 10 has to be typed in the box according to the basic unit 10 m s Select the Copy tool and copy the values of Kxx to Kyy Kzz respectively Advanced option in the Copy menu and to the layers 3 and 4 which form a part of the aquitard too I Layer related option in the Copy menu The storage compressibility should be set t
80. ass transport boundary conditions is always valid for a single species Use the Species selec tor separate window to switch between the different species The Copy tool option Advanced serves for trans ferring information from one species to another one 5 9 4 4 Transport materials A set of mass transport materials is always valid for a single species Use the Species selector separate window to switch between the different species The Copy tool option Advanced serves for transferring information from one species to another one FEFLOW 5 2 65 66 User s Manual Part For species belonging to the solid phase sorbed species Porosity is replaced by Solid volume frac tion The chemical reactions for single species transport First order decay Michaelis Menten Decay chains are replaced by a Multi reaction in the multi compo nent case For each species there is a spatially distrib uted reaction rate and a reaction equation The reaction rate can be specified using the well known FEFLOW tools like Assign Join etc The sigma button invokes the Reaction kinetics edi tor The following description is valid for the Windows and LINUX versions of FEFLOW UNIX users please refer to the Online Help In the editor four different reaction kinetics are available Degradation Arrhenius Monod User defined Degradation Arrhenius and Monod kinetics are standard reactions for of
81. at ArcView GIS 3 2 Datei Bearbeiten View Ihema Grafik Fenster Hilfe L Ae WN ZAR EIE w ere SPOOW2 rr Eur View ass t2d u mass 000 shp 5 10 A 20 20 30 ff 30 40 J 40 50 ass t2d u mass 700 shp 2 e ass t2d u mach 7000 skp P lt ass_t2d_u_head7000 skp 22 ass t2d u fur 000 shp 2 m lev relief shp 2 Es 8 T 0 E o Ruft Hilfe zur n chsten Schaltflachen Werkzeug oder MenUauswahl auf auf die Sie klicken the wells it cannot be stated exactly which contamina tor affects which well To distinguish more clearly between the two sites it seems necessary to describe more realistically the com plex hydrogeologic situation of the area Specifically we should attempt to solve the problem by creating a three dimensional model of the study area as described in the next chapter 3 407 928 27 Ma stab 1 30 000 519 477 00 t a xl Figure 11 19 Visualization of the contaminant plumes in ArcView FEFLOW 5 2 159 Before starting to set up the 3D model load the saved fem file q mass s2d_c fem of the 2D model created before 11 4 The 3D Model In analyzing the results of the 2D model we found that both examined sites could be responsible for the groundwater pollution To obtain more detailed results we now want to account for the complex geologic situ ation by extending our previous 2 D model to the third dimension For this t
82. at um e 5t TO t ee at E 2s AM 2s ieee n o D ME Mg NND TERNI re RAINER Lt EIE po MM E orr Y e EERE EES EATON A E EENE EEEREN h poc MM Speers D TERN dA D tte EEIE See PA EE AN Doe EAEEREN Seite pod Senes iftos e Sese ost 8g cscs oos TAA oe AAR HE rr HIE e EEA o AAAA EEIEIE EIEIO UH ee ee ad cetera boo e EE E WE Aofitetates kesetatet e een As e o da VOS S ttt KR HDD OCENENIE MUI Renee zum 4 ex e ren EEIT VUES er ARAN red att us tt 33 e e es e e ee 8 dus zs e n e Cocoon ms c n t n S H fists a nn e Z bs i E f E E 8 hlenfli River Neuenhagener M Friedrichshagen a re e es 2 e ES tee sete itd s 3 333 e 2 e oh eet es ee ete s ds es s ts s s Ses RE 0D Were rE EE ENA ur te EAE an Hates tate S cfe Do c oo MN MAREEN Meere ree er M PME e l UL o ere it EE eerte e ere HERE RRES PII EAAS RREA seen dete M gennenmmnnnnS SERIO RR RSI eM NNN MEM NI INS be bet ies is et e o gt es e 2 2s oo e e 25 ae nt s s os ex e e 2m nem e eite Se es es 2 sees e Sich en d s 3 e e e d es es e Se A an Me X 358 35 i e 2 o 2s 5
83. ata base and draws the new time history curves in the sub windows Delete all points before adding new one All existing observation points are erased before you can select new observation points Import points and add Coordinates for new observation points can be loaded from a database Reflect about symmetric plane History of obser To problen select as TEE Select as points Import points and add Continue sid v data of points as dar file Help ML Exit to master menu Save data of points as dar file This item is useful if you need the detailed numeri cal values of observation points You have to select an output file name by the file selector where the point data of observation points in time are saved ERN Add further nodes and redraw Delete all cq before efore adding nev new one ff Figure 7 4 History of observation points menu 7 12 Recreate This command allows the recreation of a FE problem file from the Postproces Rehash F E problem sor database and the Reduce Remake DAC file deletion of time Return stages in the postpro cessor file It is useful if you wish to continue a simula tion using the last time level as the initial condition for the simulation run Rehash F E problem If selected a message window shows you the cur rent time stage and asks for confirmation before creat ing a new finite element problem based on the postprocessor d
84. ata If you accept these conditions you can Save the data via a file selector You can also leave the window via the Cancel button Reduce remake DAC file It allows the selection of time stages which are to be discarded A new postprocessor file 1s created contain ing the reduced data set Overwriting of the original DAC file is not possible FEFLOW 5 2 95 In case of movable meshes in 3D the amp stratigraphy of the last selected time step is maintained when exiting the Postprocessor i e when returning to the master menu To create a 3D prob lem file with the original stratigraphic data use the Rehash FE Problem option 96 User s Manual Part 7 13 To Problem Editor Use this option to enter the Problem editor Section 5 for analyzing or re editing the current parameter set tings for the time step selected in the Browse File menu Problem Class and Temporal amp Control Data properties cannot be viewed or edited 7 14 Continue Simulation The simulation can be continued directly from the postprocessor This is useful whenever the final time for which the postprocessor data were stored in a simu lation run is later considered insufficient or if a simula tion that had been interrupted e g by a system crash is to be completed based on the already simulated results The command Continue simulation starts the Simulation kernel Section 6 You can define a new initial time step length an
85. basics about FEFLOW s graphical user interface 1 1 Introduction The graphical FEFLOW user interface contains a large amount of commands on several menu levels Pop up menus provide additional information The pur pose of Part I is to give a detailed overview of the com mands It can be used as a reference or it can be perused by users new to FFLOW We recommend that you try running FEFLOW before reading past this manual Please try to perform a first FEFLOW simulation run using the Demonstration Exercise More information is available from the online Help files Online Help is invoked by pressing the Help button in some of the menus or by hitting F1 If a problem cannot be solved by the information found in this manual you can look in the online Help files for additional information Online Help will allow you to quickly and effectively continue your use of FEFLOW Some conventions are necessary to clearly describe the Shell This manual contains a section for each com mand or closely related group of commands Important pull down pop up and cascade menus are illustrated The commands are presented as they would be encoun tered if you start at the left of the top level menu Sell and go down each pull down menu The explanation continues with the next branch to the right in the Shell menu While running FEFLOW you can quickly find the reference information of a command by noting the location of the command in the menu str
86. be set from the corresponding _ Plots panel tree leaf up to the tree root item FEFLOW 5 2 107 To manually set upper and lower E limits for the plot range the Auto Update mode must be turned off checkbox in the lower left corner of the Plot Control panel Now place checkmarks in the Plots panel tree as required to display all desired features 9 2 5 3 Plot control panel The section on the right in the P ot Control panel Figure 9 8 displays all editable features of the plot style currently selected in the P ots panel tree If that plot style corresponds to a data source in the Data panel the section on the left in the P ot Control panel gives access to the plotted data range By default the plot range covers the entire data range of the current time step and is automatically adjusted with each new time step To preserve consistency changes made to the data plot range affect all plot styles of the respective data source These changes are applied immediately Changes to the plot style itself such as opacity brightness or number of isofeatueres for isoplots can be previewed in the center of the Plot Control panel Plot Control Isosurfaces 45 85 46 Z 4 Hydraulic head m 100 d Brightness 100 9 Linear i 3 Logarithmic Opacity 3211 32 Apply j uto Update Data Range v Show Legend Figure 9 8 Plot Control panel 108 User s Manual Part before they are either applied or di
87. be stored Enter the DSM via the file selection box El Configure button Capture The Capture function exports your drawing to a plot stack which can be read by FEPLOT the plotting tool which comes with FEFLOW In the Results viewer menu select the E Capture button instead of the Efl Show button for saving a geo referenced FEFLOW plot p1x file You can add Feplot scenario plt f Eile Edit View Draw Object Window several plots to the same plot stack Starting the FEPLOT tool via the Print option of the Quick access menu only on Windows NT 95 the last created plot file is visualized automatically and can be edited UNIX users may install FEPLOT on a sepa rate Windows PC and start FEPLOT from the WASY folder of the start menu Alternatively UNIX users may prefer to work with the XPLOT tool on UNIX which you can start from the shell Tools menu In XPLOT you can import all ASCII output files points lines polygons fpd files file plot description files for color settings etc and HPGL background maps DSE se RSS Fie WS lk ERAAN Alg tpm S Map Scale 1 50000 Friedrichshagen Problem Landuse E Agriculture ES water 3 Urban Area 2 Forrest Rivers AV Fredersdorfe AN Neuenhageni Wells EA Well East EA Well West 7 59cm 8 08cem 93 NUM Figure 11 15 The plotting tool FEPLOT 156 User s Manual Part II We have prepared a plot composition fo
88. bmenu Parameter values can be entered either graphically using the Nodal Border and Rubber box options or by different 1D and 2D Database interpolation methods Both stationary and time vary ing boundary conditions can be assigned The defini tion of constraints for the boundary conditions is executed via submenus The Flow materials option displays a submenu for editing all material parameters necessary to desribe a saturated or unsaturated flow problem Parameter val ues can be set globally or locally Local stationary or time varying values can be assigned elementwise by using a template by kriging and Akima interpolation or by extrapolation from databases 5 6 Flow Initials Nodal Specific value for mouse selected single The conceptual nodes design of all Flow When Flow initials is selected from the Flow data e Elemental Specific value for mouse selected and Transport Data menu a submenu appears to specify initial conditions single elements menus is the same Have a for flow The following interactive mouse supported e Rubberbox Uniform value for an area marked Jook on the following Flow tools are available to enter edit and plot flow initials by a rubber box Initial Data section for get Database Values from a database by regionaliza ting an overview of the tion Figure 5 9 The databases can be ESRI main functions of these Shape files dBASE files or ASCII databases Menus Using ASC
89. by using the Show tool Finally we Assign M Global values for the Transfer rate assuming a colmation layer of approx 1 m thickness and a K of 1 2e 05 m s For additional information about the Transfer boundary condition see FEFLOW 5 2 143 the Reference Manual Section 4 2 El Transfer rate In 10000 1e 04 m d Efl Transfer rate Out 40000 1e 04 m d typi cally higher than for inflow Leave the Flow data menu now 11 3 2 3 Reference data During the simulation FEFLOW will automatically display curves for hydraulic head at all wells and for the average mass concentration at flux boundaries and wells To observe other points of interest too we have to provide reference data information 1 e we have to define observation points and observation point groups Enter the Ef Reference data menu Select E Observation single points and click on Ef Set arbitrarily for assigning points along the expected contaminant flow path See Figure 11 7 for suggested reference point locations Alternatively you can Efl Import points from the point file obs pnts pnt Now leave the Single observation points menu For calculating the mass and flow balances for inner and outer boundaries at single locations or along sec tions e g wells or rivers it is useful to set Efl Observation point groups Enter the correspond ing menu and set five different point groups one point as separate point group on every well and one point
90. c tions available in each interface An arbitrary number of modules can be registered for each interface A module does not have to imple ment all callbacks provided by the associated interface but only those of actually used by the module In the process of module development it is common to start with few implemented callbacks and to increase the number according to the growing functionality require ments The next section describes how to use the Interface Manager for adding existing modules FEFLOW 5 2 177 12 1 1 Common terms Table 12 1 Common terms Interface Manager 1 Set of API functions and callback definitions necessary for writing own modules 2 Module administration dialog inside FEFLOW Module A shared library or Dynamic Shared Object DSO under UNIX or a Dynamic Link Library DLL under Microsoft Windows containing automatically generated code module stubs code and user written code Interface Defines the context of calling external functions Current interfaces are Simulation and Data regionalization Callback As FEFLOW uses modules in an event driven manner each entry point of a module represents a callback function Typical callbacks are OnBeginDocument Serialize or PreTimeStep 12 1 2 Abbreviations Table 12 2 Abbreviations continued Table 12 2 Abbreviations HTML MS Windows Microsoft Windows NT FEFLOW package Three dimensional API Application Programming Interface 2000 XP or 98 ME X11
91. c tive and dispersive parts Please refer to the FEFLOW White Paper About the dif ference between the convec tive form and the divergence form of the transport equation Ihe meaning of FEFLOW 5 2 85 86 User s Manual Part The fluid contaminant and heat budgets are com puted based on the integrated discretized balance equa tions using the Continuous Boundary Flux Method CBFM of evaluating the fluxes at the best accuracy The Budget analyzer menu Figure 6 11 contains a number of options Use the toggles to select between fluid flux mass contaminant flux mass and geothermal flux heat Fluid flux mass results in the balancing of the flow equation Contaminant flux mass results in the balancing of the mass transport equations Geo thermal flux heat results in the balancing of the heat transport equations Subareas for balancing may be defined interactively by digitizing polygons on the model area or by importing background maps as tem plates 9 088285e 003 000000e 00 8 763305e 03 A p Figure 6 12 Budget output 4 197129e 02 2 554183e 01 11 059545e 03 000000e 00 i 634421e 02 9 088285e 03 4 rj JA JZ Two different options exist to select times and time periods that are to be used in the balance computations Current time d for balance status The balance computations are for the current time at which the simulator is paused The results repre
92. ce Sink Spatially variable recharge evaporation Transfer rate in out Value computed from conductivity and thickness of col Required for Transfer mation layer leakage coefficient boundary conditions FEFLOW 5 2 61 62 User s Manual Part Table 5 2 Flow materials continued Application Memes p S Re mew pve entry pressure ooo yo Total porosity SS Fitting parameters for the different parametric models BEEN below VanGenuchten Parametric model for unsaturated flow J y Brooks Corey Parametric model for unsaturated flow fJ o o Z Van Genuchten VG modified Parametric model for unsaturated flow o o Haverkamp Parametric model for unsaturated flow o Exponential Parametric model for unsaturated flow o o o Linear Parametric model for unsaturated flow o O O 5 9 Transport Data In this section initial conditions boundary condi tions and transport material properties for both con taminant mass and heat are specified Due to the similarity between the parameters for contaminant mass transport and for heat transport only the contami nant mass transport menus will be described explicitly For detailed information about the principles and basic equations of transport modeling please refer to the Ref erence Manual Many of the proce dures are the same as those in Section 5 5 which is referred to fre quently in this section The Transport initials menu o
93. ct between different options Horizontal plane for horizontal projections Vertical along pathline to create a vertical cross section which follows the pathline FEFLOW pcpel oundwater Mass Transport Model 3D demo_transport_3d dac Background maps Browsefile View results at 7 300e 003 d Budget Fluid flux analyzer Reflect about symmetric plane History of observation points Recreate Toproblem editor Feflow s Tricycler Continue simulation Help to master menu Lt LULU E Exit OLL Flow flow feflow ffl BEES PUETA lalala a Heasure n ajo m 8088 79 Exaggeration ed j X 5694 1880 Y 1769 9233 Slice Layer m N e Vertical plane defined either interactively or by a segment The exaggeration can be specified for vertical pro jections after displaying the projection All 2D projec tions can be saved either in different graphics formats Save picture as plot file or as a point file Save curves for diagram For detailed information see the Tutorial Section 11 3 5 or invoke the context sensitive online Help zoo Figure 8 3 3D Pathlines controller 100 User s Manual Part FEFLOW Explorer The 3D data visualizer for FEFLOW data fem and dac files under Windows 9 1 User Interface The FEFLOW Explorer graphical user interface consists of a menu bar at
94. d File Import during another fex session with possibly entirely different object dimensions and world coordinates The fxc file can also be imported into another view window within the same fex session 9 2 8 Taking a snapshot A snapshot of the active view window can be taken and exported to a bmp file using the Export BMP iaj toolbar button or the File Export Image menu command A warning message will appear and no bmp file will be created if the active view window is not completely exposed e g partly overlapped by control bars Examples are shown in Section 9 3 9 2 9 Creating a presentation 9 2 9 1 Autopilot panel A dynamic presentation can be set up for each view window using its autopilot The autopilot of the active view window is accessible via the Autopilot panel where two separate categories Positioning and Sim ulation time can be edited Figure 9 14 Each cate gory has an Engage toggle button that acts much like a clutch When engaged the autopilot completely con Autopilot Simulation Time Set Delete Move Positioning ie Eee Frame Size Frame Rate a 54 of 15 sec 720 x S76 25 fps Pixels Target la i Figure 9 14 Autopilot panel FEFLOW 5 2 111 autopilot trols the respective category For example engaging The engages automati the autopilot Positioning category will disable user cally during play controlled
95. d a new final time for tran sient simulations The new results are appended to the current postprocessor file dac The online Help offers a complete description of the Postprocessor To leave the Postprocessor and enter the FEFLOW shell the menu item Exit to master menu should be selected 3D Options The internal FEFLOW 3D visualization and analysis tool 8 1 Overview The 3D options menu offers several graphical tools for a 3D analysis of parameter distributions and for performing a 3D particle tracking The menu is opened by clicking the green 3D Options button located at the lower left side of the working window Commands are available to visualize different parameter distributions in a 3D view draw isosurfaces cut the projection and draw 3D pathlines All actions are described in the message window at the base of the working window The visualized objects can be rotated moved and zoomed by mouse and keyboard control Clicking the 3D Options button cascade menus appear xum Sues E Head H Pressure P WET Ee E Heat T re E y Velocity field Velocity IVi Isolines bd Saturation Fringes Content Kxx Isosurfaces l References P Kyy Fences p Kzz Figure 8 1 3D options menu 8 2 The Tricycler The FEFLOW Tricycler Feflow s Tricycler menu controls the rotation zooming and z exaggeration of the model projection You can also zoom inside the body of the model useful for checking the bottom eleva ti
96. d a single well The current slice field determines the slice at which the particles should start Relevant area of influence This option allows the starting of multiple pathlines from a circle around a point at different elevations e g at top and bottom of a well You can either enter the point data manually or load a specific file rai See the online Help for a detailed description Use isochrone markers Choose this option to enable the drawing of isoch rone markers during the pathline computation The set button opens a pop up window for detailed isochrone settings time levels final time and porosity sorption values Forward backward Isolines can be computed forward from the starting point or backward Use backward for example to cre ate pathlines starting from a well Steady Unsteady Pathlines can either be calculated based on the velocity field of the current time step steady or in the postprocessor based on a specific time period unsteady Options Use this button to load starting points from a file to set the pathline outfit the numerical parameters for the pathline computation to choose between original and FEFLOW 5 2 99 current stratigraphic data for the Start on 2D slice option in case of moving meshes Slice selection and to select the time period for transient particle tracking 2D projections The 3D pathlines can be projected onto a 2D plane after computation You can sele
97. d density coupled problems 2D vertical or axisymmetric models in saturated mode are always confined To represent free surface conditions an unsaturated simulation has to be performed for such kind of models Note that for axisymmetric problems the axis of rotation corre sponds to the vertical y axis where the x coordinate is Zero For horizontal problem projection optional toggle buttons are available to switch between confined and unconfined aquifers Unconfined aquifers can either have a free and movable top slice or be marked as FEFLOW 5 2 47 48 User s Manual Part phreatic where unsaturated flow is computed for dry areas using a simplified approach Note that an uncon fined free surface aquifer model leads to a nonlinear problem formulation For three dimensional saturated flow problems with free surfaces an additional Free surface definition menu is available for defining multiple free surfaces and movable slices For more detailed information please see the FEFLOW online Help and the Tutorial Section 11 3 2 1 The model can be transformed from a transient to a steady state model by changing the Type of simulation in the Problem Class menu If time dependent bound aries constraints or flow material exist a special win dow appears where you can insert the steady state time step The boundaries and parameters are interpolated and then set constant 5 3 Temporal amp Control Data Menu Essential
98. d elements A Snap to line Snap nodes to lines Sy Snap to point Snap nodes to points E Snap to raster Snap nodes automatically to nodes magnetic raster rj Opaque transpar Switch display mode for super ent elements E Auto pan Automatic panning while edit ing elements Double buffer Development tool always keep pressed Es Node info Display node and element number Editor properties Edit pan snap and raster options Alternatively a background map loaded using the map manager Section 2 2 can be used as a template for the superelement generation Using Snap to the FEFLOW 5 2 31 32 User s Manual Part active map can be selected for snapping Set the corre sponding buttons to snap superelement nodes to lines and or points of the background map The snap dis tance can be changed within the Editor properties window Using the Move nodes mode you can correct your superelements by dragging a node while pressing the left mouse button The Fixator is available by hitting lt F2 gt to specify exact coordinate values To insert a new node along the edge of an existing superelement click the left mouse button while the cursor shows the node insertion symbol g To delete a selected node hit the lt DELETE gt key Snapping nodes together closes gaps between different superelements To sepa rate connected superelements select a shared node and hit lt F5 gt Curved boundary sections can be created by d
99. d on the order in the line file or based on the order of an arbitrary database column Export Exports the boundary conditions as ASCII files Options Are only important for flux and transfer boundary conditions in a certain context Values of flux and transfer can be treated as area independent which means that the discharge varies with the cross sectional area of the effective aquifer or treated as depth inte grated where a varying cross sectional area does not affect the quantity of the discharge For unsaturated flow the flux boundary condition can differ between flux type and gradient type conditions The latter is useful to formulate free drainage boundary conditions Convert Changes type and attributes of boundary conditions for example you can convert flux boundaries to trans fer boundaries Note that the values remain constant but the units change 5 8 Flow Materials The submenu items explained in this section are used to enter the material conditions for the flow equa tions The specific material requirements depend on the problem dimensionality and projection type for 2D problems horizontal vertical axisymmetric as selected in the Problem class menu Note that these items imply different meanings for the Tools button which can be set either to Assign Join Copy Show Vanish Debug T List Special or Options The Assign tool is the default It allows the assignment of material parameter values necessary for
100. d via Assign M Global After having saved the fem file we return to the Simulator menu Table 11 6 Transport materials esp PP Somvionsosticien 1 o o Amid Molecular diffusion 9 2 1 l default 10 ms Longitudinal dispersivity ee Assign global Transverse dispersivity LE global In transfer rate ea default pe Out transfer rate m o defui m 152 User s Manual Part Il 11 3 4 5 Simulator Enter the Control output menu see Figure 11 11 and define a M Complete Results dac file in the file selector A Complete Results file saves all data of the finite element problem such as hydraulic heads velocities and mass concentrations at each node and for each time stage We want to save the results of every fifth step The display output should be set to the same value in order to reduce the graphical effort during the simulation run Feflow Output File Control Menu Ed Figure 11 11 Control output window 11 3 5 Step 5 Analyzing the results 11 3 5 1 The postprocessor The postprocessor provides various tools for ana lyzing and exporting computational results from a sim ulation session It also allows to re create a finite element problem or to continue an interrupted simula tion run For entering the postprocessor click on the corre sponding menu item and select Load and run Load the dac file created during the simulation The Ef File information option displays a table with info
101. dal or 8 nodal finite elements In 3D the choices are 8 nodal or 20 nodal prismatic finite ele ments Velocity approximation invokes the velocity approximation options window where a selection of different evaluation methods for the computation of the local Darcy velocities is avail able Convective form transport applies the default transport equations These equa tions are based on the continuity equation to eliminate portions of convective terms creating a natural disper sive flux boundary condition This option is recom mended if mass transport can be formulated using first type boundary conditions and zero dispersive fluxes along the remaining outflowing boundary sections Divergence form transport invokes the divergence balance improved formula tion of the governing mass and heat transport equa tions This formulation describes a total boundary flux consisting of both convective and dispersive parts This option is recommended when modeling the total net mass or heat flux along inflow boundary sections e g waste injection or leakages from a disposal site see Reference Manual for details Iterative equation solvers This default option is comprised of iterative equa tion system solvers that are used during the FEM com putational process The symmetric sparse flow equations are commonly solved by a conjugate gradi ent method using incomplete Gauss based precondi tioning As an alternative FEFLOW al
102. de and click on the Show button for creating the view You can analyze the hydraulic head pressure saturation moisture content contaminant mass temperature and velocity distribu tion and streamlines Submenus like the Pathline selector can be activated for special settings See the online Help for detailed information Figure 6 9 Pathline selector Halt and view results window FEFLOW 5 2 83 84 User s Manual Part 6 4 2 Data export The easiest way to export data in form of georefer enced plots is using the Capture button instead of Show The plot is added to a plot stack When FEPLOT is started using the Print button in the Quick Access menu or in the Shell File Menu the plots on the stack are recognized by FEPLOT as georeferenced map objects Using the capture function on a UNIX system the plot will be stored as p1x file This format can be read by the Windows based FEPLOT tool Different plots can be stored in one map object as layers to ensure an exact overlay of the objects FEFLOW plx files ESRI shape files ARC INFO com patible ASCII Generate files and AutoCAD dxf data can be visualized in the same map object All map objects are georeferenced Conforming to GIS style the classification settings of the maps can be changed based on the corresponding attribute data The defini tion of templates for default layouts is supported UNIX users may install FEPLOT on a PC and import ESRI shape files or FEF
103. describing the selected problem type For more detailed information about these tools see Section 5 6 The required physi KEYBOARD REQUEST cal units of each mate 3 5 rial parameter are indi _Unit 10 4 m s cated in the Keyboard request box The input follows the same steps as outlined above for initial conditions In addition to the standard Flow data tools described in Section 5 6 the following tools are available Assign Time dependent material data can be regionalized using the Database option either from power func tions at specified locations or from a database contain ing the values for each time step in a column See online help for a detailed description T List Controls the creation of time varying material dis tributions The Assign current distribution option assigns the current material distribution to a time entry Copy list data copies time varying data between layers and different parameters Preview time dependency FEFLOW 5 2 59 60 User s Manual plots a diagram for each element This can also be done in the Temporal amp control data menu Section ce Feflow Material Data Time List Menu Material data time list editor TOP BOTTOM Figure 5 16 Material data time list editor Options Define here if the anisotropy of the conductivity should be oriented to Cartesian coordinate system or to the layer inclination Copy Copy time varying material parameter values between layers or
104. dified using the Import Data and Close commands accessible in the Optimizer menu or via the associated toolbar buttons G and GH respectively FEFLOW 5 2 125 10 2 5 Control dialog The Model selection and parameter control dialog shows a model selection box and value controls for all parameters of the currently selected model Upper and lower bounds are shown for each parameter value and Model Selection and Parameter Control E Done Opt saturation van Gen m free Value Fixed Upper Bound rms 0 439605 Optimize 106 iterations gt Lower Bound D O01 2 3 3 3 can be user edited The value of a parameter can be either edited directly or adjusted within the current bounds using the respective slider Parameter values at their respective lower or upper bound are displayed in red E n m cor c8 0 002063 2 011 2l 0 19757 0 99516 E E E E 30 f a 2 71 3 T T Figure 10 4 Control dialog for single data As a measure of the current fit the root of the mean squared residual rms is shown above the Optimize button Pushing the Optimize button initiates a parameter optimization starting from the current parameter values Parameters marked as Fixed in their respective check box are not optimized The num ber of iterations needed to converge at the local opti mum will be displayed below the button 126
105. dow expand the tree branches and place checkmarks as needed Select the associated tree leaf by clicking on its name in the P ots panel to load the map settings into the Plot Control panel where brightness and opacity settings of the map can be adjusted The File Remove All Maps menu command unloads all maps 9 2 5 Plotting data 9 2 5 1 Data panel Once a FEFLOW data fem or dac file has been loaded a tree showing all plot capable data such 106 User s Manual Part e Hydraulic head e Pressure Elemental J How Conductivity Kxx Conductivity Ks Conduchyity Ezz In outfiow on top bottom Density ratio Storativiby drain fillable Storage compressibility Source sink for flow In transfer rate for flow 1 ml 1 r1 Figure 9 6 Data panel with two active and three preselected sources as head concentration or conductivity values appears in the Data panel Figure 9 6 A data source is prese lected for plotting by a single mouse left click on the associated tree leaf Multiple preselections are possible by pressing the CTRL key together with the left mouse button The preselection must be confirmed via the context menu right click on Data panel to either replace or to be added to any previous data selection in the active view window As a shortcut a single data source can be directly selected by double left clicking It will be plotted instead of any previously plotted dat
106. e HEEL SES ENESES vd E EE E H TUI AR EEE 33 pense Sat eee 33 EK Weed SERERE 2 nes 3 pd 3 a es H s VRHHNHHRNHHHHANHHURRIHE HIE 3 es oe oy ooo E ettet MEME i Ses Re Bes e e ese Ses e s es e Ses O SS KIS AA eA EE AEAEE TEETE 3 Qu EA E ettet teh Biden ud MSS e Sos e ste m Ss Meere pene states ete ete seat 3 e e e e o gt oe e oe A xx e n 2 es 05 3 3 ee 35 3 d 5 s Tien NS ee a es e bed d es o i CESES SR A RA ETARA EEEE EEEE reat oe ee evt en 3 ARE ttt DX xs ee 5 Ra te e en REA 3 3 n dee ENS m dtd e ts ee A a 5 e 6 3 e un 2 d lt 4 o es o e e e e SoS eee d dns ee d P A m ae e d e e ds s cs THEE e ee d ur tt st 2 n PH e S i es e 2 3 Wisnedauu eem em E VES i 23 i a s e m s 55 i it 505 e e d e e S ue LI um ess es en n ed oe Uu ee ee 38 us e 2 de B et See ditte n eee 333 ates dun m n ete a m e en f A 2 eo en 3 i 33 ee ee 35 n x e A n 33 d see 35383 e e 33 bees Eee n e e e e 05 0 25 2 3 e e i e e i e 3 2538 e e si e S di z e en ee I
107. e Select Mod ules dialog accessible from the problem editor via the menu entry IFM Modules The dialog is shown in Figure 12 6 All available modules are listed in the left column Pressing the arrow button activates the selected inactive module In turn the IFM attempts to load the DSO DLL into memory and to initialize the module A message box appears should one of these steps fail Conversely a module can be detached by pressing the arrow button B for the selected active module A message box will warn that all module related data will be lost Note that as each module is responsible for holding its own data all such data will be dropped on module detachment Module Selection Ed Power Functions API Figure 12 6 Module selection The order of the active modules determines the sequence of calling with those at the top of the list being called first For the operations on a selected active module see Table 12 3 Table 12 3 Operations on an active module Move the currently selected module one position up It will be executed before its current predecessor Edit module related FEM problem data This button is only enabled if the module supports and provides an appropriate editor for these data Move the currently selected active module one position down It will be executed after its current successor Private module data can be saved together with the FEM problem by FEFLOW Whenever FEFLOW detects a
108. e 2 Slice 3 Slice 4 Layers Each layer is bounded by two slices Layers contain the Material properties For the construction of 3 lay ers you need 4 slices Model layers represent the strati graphic layers and their subdivisions In particular cases a layer also can be considered as initially dry so called air layer which is useful to model free surface problems such as mine flooding On layers you assign Material parameters Figure 11 21 Schematic view of a model slices and layers Now you have to define how many layers slices you need The upper aquifer is limited by the ground sur face at the top and by an aquitard at the bottom The second aquifer is situated below that aquitard under lain by a till layer of unknown vertical extension First we create the slices necessary for the description of the stratigraphy FEFLOW 5 2 161 Enter an Elevation of top slice of 10000 m and a E Input boxes for number of slices layers A plane A11 Fixed al Plane View 2 Plane vieu Reference data section top slice decrement Slice list fixed elevations fixed plane elevations changeable Figure 11 22 Slice definition cut out Decrement of 100 m in the Reference data section Fig ure 11 22 and change the number of slices from 2 to 4 This should be sufficient to precisely re assign the stratigraphic data for each slice later without running the risk of interfe
109. e Items hst highlighting it Click on ID on top of the Time Levels list Click on the E Add link button on the right The link is visually displayed Continue to link all time levels with a database item according to the list below Note that you can link the same database item with different time stages Now click on the Okay button to leave the menu 148 User s Manual Part II Table 11 2 Linking of recharge values and time levels Database item ULTRA DRY 4900 1460 7300 MEAN 0 5840 3650 ULTRA WET 2555 Click on the Ef Source Sink button to acti vate the joining A red alert box pops up asking if you want to import the data for interactively selected poly gons or by automatic overlay Click on the E Overlay button The joining is performed for all elements WET ULTRA WET Figure 11 10 Linking of time levels and database items For copying and visualizing the time varying data select the T List tool and click on EB Source Sink The T List menu pops up You can control the tom of the model graphic in order to position the cross time varying curve for any place on the mesh by select hairs on the element of interest All Flow Materials set ing Efl Preview time dependency tings are listed in Table 11 3 Move the two slider bars on the right and at the bot Table 11 3 Material properties Default Setting Input type Conductivity Kmax conduc 2d trp Assign database 10 ms Anisotrop
110. e for contaminant mass will be visual ized Try the visualization of the other options too What would you get by visualizing the 0 kPa isosurface of pressure Try to switch parts of the visualization on and off using the M checkboxes in the Components list and test the changing of colors Efl Properties Color Cut body Cut Away Viewer Press E Exit rotation and start the 3D visual ization again for exam ple with Fringes for Mass C Click again on the 3D Options button and select amp Cut body You can define a cut out either by typing the coordinates in the corresponding fields of the Cut away Viewer see Figure 11 31 or by Figure 11 31 Cut away viewer moving the red handlers in the 3D view Try to find the area where the hydrogeologic window is located and click on the Ef Performing cut button FEFLOW 5 2 169 Pathlines RAI Close the visualization again and choose the Pathlines option from the Ef 3D Options menu Select Ef Relevant area of influence RAI in the popped up Pathline Con troller This option starts the computation of path lines in M backward direction starting from a circle with defined diame ter around the upper and lower edge of the screen of a well Select Efl Load in the Control RAI data sec tion to import the necessary information from a special database named wells rai A submenu pops up displaying the database Select one well and start the pathline com
111. e for the currently active data plot view is set using either the respective entry in the Window gt Cursor Mode menu or the respective toolbar buttons At any time the cursor mode is one of the following five amp Selecting amp Unselecting f Panning amp Zooming In amp Zooming Out The Selecting and Unselecting options are used to define a data point selection to which weight modifica tions will be applied In Panning mode the data plot can be grabbed with a left mouse button click and moved within the plot window Upon release of the mouse button a new plot is constructed as close to the desired location as possible In either of the two Zooming modes a target rubber box can be drawn with the left mouse button pressed When released while zooming in a new plot filling the data view window is constructed from the area within the rubber box while zooming out the area of the entire current plot is collapsed into the rubber box area Temporary mode switching is activated by pressing and holding the Control and or Shift key s as fol lows Pressing the Control button while in Selecting or Unselecting mode will temporarily switch to Zooming In mode Pressing the Control button while in Zooming In Zooming Out or Panning mode will temporarily switch to Selecting mode Pressing the Shift button will temporarily switch the cursor mode between Selectin
112. e left mouse button relative distance and offset are automatically adjusted while the zoom area is enlarged to cover the entire view window Pressing the Previous View toolbar button after any navigation change reestablishes the previous navigation settings The view angle of the virtual camera lens can be adjusted using the Distortion panel Figure 9 4 The Distortion panel gives also access to the stretch factors that are individually applied to each object dimension Distortion Directional Exaggeration Ox 30 12 Oy Compress J Stretch eg zoom Angle qn Tele Wide angle Figure 9 4 Distortion panel 9 2 4 Loading map images Georeferenced pixel tif png jpg or bmp images such as maps or aerial photographs can be texture mapped to the model domain The georefer encing information world coordinates of the image must be supplied by a world coordinate file of the same title and in the same directory as the image file The expected file extension for the world coordinate file is either map for any of the supported image formats or tfw fora tif image file pgw for png jgw for jpg and bpw for a bmp image file World coordinate files are obtained from georeferencing soft ware such as FEMAP included with FEFLOW creates map files or WASY WGEO provides sophisticated comprehensive geoimaging As an alternative to using world coordinate files GEOTIFF images are a special case of tif file
113. e model domain 110 9 2 8 Taking asnapshot 2 00 111 9 2 9 Creating a presentation 111 9 2 9 1 Autopilot panel 4044445 rada oh m deed 111 9 2 9 2 Navigation sequence flight path 113 9 2 9 3 Mapping simulation time to presentation time 113 9 2 9 4 Editing autopilot keys 114 9 2 9 5 Preview via play back 115 9296 MOVIG GXDODPU nto aor DER hehe need RR dodo 115 9 3 Example Snapshots 2 45 116 residual minimization 125 102 3 Datagnput flle ura d doo oca E RC d 123 10 2 4 Loading the dataset 125 10 25 Control dialog 22000 126 10 2 6 Data plot Vlew sisse RR e e 127 10 2 7 Data view cursor modes 129 10 2 8 Selecting and unselecting data points for weight FEFLOW 5 2 v vi User s Manual MIOCITICAON sata te ach deta m 129 10 2 9 Weight modification 129 10 2 10 Data view navigation 48 130 Part Il 11 WOON als 52223222 11 1 ntroClU GHOTI aw acute mode es eee Bee hee 135 Te ADSWACE orgie ee A ene eS a ACS 135 11 1 2 Scope and structure of the tutorial 135 11 2 SCONANO 5 56 44 pace aa RAE e Suc E ew AS 136 PE JChe ddsEgagnaesuwedgs 9 Red tae hoe be EY RIP ERE 136 11 3 The 2D MOCGGL s giao aoo do eke os Ghee 138 11 3 1 Step 1 Basic structure
114. eady flow Time stepping scheme fully implicit or Crank Nicolson with constant or varying time steps automatic time stepping with different strategies e Upwinding no upwinding streamline upwind ing full upwinding shock capturing or least square upwinding Element type 4 8 3 or 6 nodal elements in 2D 8 20 6 or 15 nodal prismatic elements in 3D Mesh elements number of generated elements Mesh nodes number of generated nodal points Mesh optimization indicates if nodal reordering techniques have been performed required for direct equation solvers e Information about Flow boundaries Flow ini tials and Flow materials conditions already set you can determine whether initial and material conditions have been set or remain at default value and whether boundary conditions are speci fied or unspecified Information about Transport boundaries Trans port initials and Transport materials condi tions already set as above Completeness of the current problem for running the simulation Yes No FEFLOW 5 2 43 44 User s Manual Part Problem Editor The data input section 5 1 Introduction While the Mesh editor defines geo metric data the Problem class Problem editor edits Temporal amp control data i ee 3D Slice elevation attribute data such as material properties or Flow data initial and boundary Transport data conditions The Reference data
115. ected in the working window by mouse click Press the Shift button to select several ele ments Soak This section contains perhaps the most important buttons of the toolbar from left to right New map frame Draw a frame with the mouse to contain a map object such as a shp map or a x dxf drawing Each map frame can contain dif ferent maps in several layers New legend frame Draw a frame in the working window to contain a legend for a particular map frame The button is only active if a map frame is selected New scale bar frame Draw a frame on screen for a scale bar related to a particular already selected map frame New north arrow frame Draw a rectangle with the mouse to contain a north arrow Direction and shape of the arrow can be specified later wees ae Use the text and drawing tools to add headers and frames to your plot composition The graphics tools provide func tionality to fill polygons to change line colors to range the objects and to group or ungroup objects Ah La a Ea pg Drawing properties For each object a Properties window can be invoked by clicking the object with the right mouse button and selecting Properties from the pop up menu In general all properties of the object can be changed here like color settings positioning of the object text style or shape and rotation angle of a north arrow The most comprehensive properties window is that of a ma
116. ee ws NES ys 70 5 10 1 Observation single points 70 5 10 2 Observation point groups 70 5 10 3 Fences sections 2 0 0 0 0 cece ee eee 71 5 10 4 Reference distribution 71 5 11 Discrete Feature Elements 71 SNL Ba o rr 71 S152 Fracture editor su wees eee oo he ee Rd Ra 71 SEP ME Si aq conn ETEEN E 73 5 12 Problemi SUMMAN essa 462 24 or be 74 5 13 LED mue cC CU ae aah area 74 5 14 Mesh Geometry a ius aei dee e RC Rod ec 74 6 4 1 VisualizatiOn s d Yawk oS pee Cp deu Shera 83 6 4 2 Dale eX DOMES 3o 45 6 6006 Ged odencuc Datos d indic 84 6 5 DUOC inh see E e ace HR Ee aod BAS 85 6 6 Fluid EIU AN AIV ZEN cu md ure rt iac dn ee aa a 87 6 7 Special Operations 00006 88 6 8 Control OUMU esy ted oe PP perde Ue 88 6 9 Problem SUMMAN uoa e424 dod oda se Res 89 NE POUN E O T M8 7 1 IMtroducHOn PEDE 91 7 2 File TnitoFrmallODheud ee eee dos dear EE 91 7 3 Background Maps llle 91 7 4 BONSE FIE P Oe 92 7 5 View Results at Current Time Level 92 7 6 PUI ora Sach ee Om 92 Lf Fluid FluxoADalVZel aici acd cedere ew dee eee d 93 B8 31 ODUONS 2329 2m x dn Ib haere 8 1 VENIEN 6 5 04 hue eta he cue dale VO oa es 97 8 2 MG MGV CIE acct six et ee oe pee eee ae ae Be 97 8 3 SCIL oan rr T 98 9 FEFLOW Explorer 9 1 User nterface sie sd a c ape 8 RERO
117. een time Steps The Log messages window opens automatically if warnings or error messages are produced during the simulation session The messages can be saved to a text file by clicking the right mouse button in the diagram All the diagrams are completely customizable It is possible to define the axes to change the scaling and even to underlay the diagrams with imported graphs or analytic functions so that computed results can be com pared with measurement data already during the simu lation 6 1 1 1 Diagram menu A right click on any of the diagrams invokes the diagram menu The follow ing entries are avail able Zoom Switches to Zoom mode the zoomer functions for 4 Tooltips the diagrams are similar to the FEFLOW zooming tool ePan Switches to Pan mode One of these two modes is always active The Zoom mode is indicated by a magnifying glass for the cursor while a hand is shown in Pan mode Full The diagram scaling 1s adjusted to the full extent of the curves Adjust If Adjust is selected the diagram scaling is adjusted to new values when changes occur e g during simulation run Tooltips Choose this option to show single curve values as tooltips when moving the mouse arrow over the curves Save Save the curve data in pow format Local Mass mg l EI oom vi y Pan I Full J Adjust Properties Close FEFLOW 5 2 77 78 User s Manual Part Properties
118. eld at the current simula tion time treating the model as steady state All effects of time varying pumping rates or time vary ing recharge values are neglected FEFLOW 5 2 153 QS VOUS iet AM l A i i i n j Kt Mass distribution in mg l along indicated section Linear plot 35 000 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 000 0 0G 5 000 Figure 11 12 Visualization of the results a isolines b particle tracking c 3D projection d diagram 154 User s Manual Part II Budget The budget analyzer calculates in and outflow for the inner and outer boundaries of the model including areal recharges source sink for different time steps or over a time period Try the various options especially the balanced point groups and balancing for different time periods Note that it is also possible to save the resulting budget values via M Save results in proto col file to a commented ASCII file Have a closer look on the time development of the contaminant concentration in the different wells by using the grouped balance points It is useful to esti mate whether the contamination will increase after 1988 or not 2 926475e 004 2 586824e 004
119. elled on coarse meshes Streamline upwinding is recommended if oscillat ing results have been produced It stabilizes the compu tation by introducing a streamlined damping measure numerical dispersion Full upwinding remains the last resort for damping oscillations if all other types have failed However it can generate a great amount of numerical dispersion Shock capturing adds a nonlinear anisotropic damping factor to stabilize convection dominant trans port processes This powerful method removes numeri cal oscillations at abrupt changes or fronts of the solution with a minimal amount of numerical disper sion It is only available for adaptive time stepping schemes Least square upwinding represents an alternative numerical scheme to solve transient advection disper sion transport problems In contrast to standard tech niques it leads to symmetric matrix systems and possesses a built in streamline like upwind characteris tics Direction of gravity Use this option to change the direction of the grav ity vector for the model Specific option settings Offers access to special numeric settings You can enter the same menu from the shell Options menu see Section 2 6 5 3 1 Edit time varying power func tions Invokes the Power function editor in which you can edit time related functions interactively An unlimited number of power functions can be created edited imported and exported The edited power functi
120. en The method is identical to the Add polygons command To finish the drawing double click the left mouse button The line can start or end inside or outside of the super elements The parts lying outside of the superelement mesh will be ignored during the mesh generation On each node of an add in line a finite element node will be created during mesh generation Options for mesh refining along these lines are available Sec tion 4 5 To add point add ins draw points on the screen or use the Fixator by hitting lt F2 gt On each point a finite element node will be created during the mesh genera tion Options for mesh refining around these points are available Section 4 5 Direct import of points or lines from background maps is currently only supported by the old mesh editor Section 3 5 Tools and settings The new mesh editor tools and settings are listed in Table 3 1 While most of them are self explanatory some will be explained in more detail The different snapping functions allow an exact positioning of super element nodes without having to explicitly enter the coordinate values In the Snap to raster nodes mode the nodes are snapped to the nodes of a regular raster The raster distance can be set using the Editor proper ties button Table 3 1 Buttons of the New Mesh Editor Redo Unlimited redo memory Mode to move single nodes Select elements Select elements by mouse click x Delete Delete selecte
121. ensure uniqueness elemental data material parameters Patches cannot be shown on internal slices because two element layers above and below are associated with each slice The Isosurfaces and Arrows velocity vectors plot styles are applicable to the domain volume The default plot tree hierarchy is Domain Data Styles and can be changed using the View Plot Tree Hierarchy menu command or via the context menu invoked by right clicking on the P ots panel The default plot style of each data source is initially set visible for the domain boundary Default plot styles are Continuous for nodal and Patches for elemental data either is noninterpolated and thus fast The fol lowing procedure is recommended for displaying inter polated plot styles for nodal data 1 e Jsolines Fringes or Isosurfaces Before making interpolated plot styles visible by placing the respective checkmarks in the Plots panel tree the desired plot range and number of isofeatures should be set This avoids unnecessary and potentially time consuming recomputation of the interpolated features To load view style and data source into the Plot Control Figure 9 8 panel select the associated tree leaf by clicking on its name in the Plots panel Using the Plot Control panel edit plot range and style settings including the number of isofeatures For a particular fea ture to be visible in the currently active view window all check marks must
122. ep behavior the control can turn the equation assembly or the decomposition factorization on or off For constant time steps in linear transport processes the matrix assembly and factorization of the equation systems are executed only for the first time step while all subsequent time levels can be quickly solved by the fast resolution procedure The resolution control is also maintained if the simulation is inter rupted If a problem is ill posed warnings from iterative equation solvers default option may be produced dur ing the preconditioning phase These warnings indicate that poor convergence is to be expected and that the simulation will potentially fail 6 3 Edit or Modify Problem This option starts the Problem editor to modify the current problem It allows you to restart the analysis quickly and simply under modified conditions suitable for alternative solution and scenario analysis For tran sient problems the information of the last time step is saved to ensure an easy restart of the simulation For more details refer to the Problem Editor menu options Section 5 FEFLOW 5 2 81 82 User s Manual Part 6 4 Halt amp View Results The Halt and view results dialog allows viewing and exporting of the resulting parameter distributions and velocities after the simulation has finished or when E Feflow Results Viewer w Isolines plus velocities E Isoline pattern Fringes ww Lined contours
123. epeat steps 2 through 4 as needed In Engage mode the resulting object path can be quickly inspected using the timeline slider 9 2 9 3 Mapping simulation time to pre sentation time When visualizing FEFLOW simulation records dac files for transient problems the simulation time axis often covering days months or years has to be mapped to the presentation time axis typically sec onds or minutes long The autopilot performs this mapping simultaneously with the dynamic object posi tioning Whenever the autopilot Simulation Time category is engaged the candidate time step shown in the Simu lation Time panel is obtained by interpolating the user defined key simulation moments on the presentation timeline By default beginning and end of the simula tion period are mapped to beginning and end of the pre sentation timeline respectively Thus in the simplest case no additional key simulation moments have to be specified at all It is recommended to temporarily deactivate simula tion time synchronization via the Synchronize toggle button in the Simulation Time panel or in the Simula tion Time menu to avoid recurring time consuming computation of interpolated plots while setting up key simulation moments Defining a key simulation moment Figure 9 16 is very similar to defining a key object position 1 In the Autopilot panel disengage the Simula tion Time category using its Engage toggle bu
124. er recharge varies over time The set ting of the values is therefore a little different than before We want to import the values directly from a database We will use a polygon file as template and link it with a database which contains the groundwater recharge values for different times Select the Join tool from the scroll list below the mesh inspector icon Choose Polygon from the small Join menu Now click on E Load In the file selection dialog select the polygon file time recharge ply Now the database selection dialog pops up Select the ASCII database recharge years dat FEFLOW 5 2 147 The links between the polygon file and the database are edited in the Item database associator that appears next Switch the list definition for the right hand list from FEFLOW parameter to Time levels Click on the E Time levels but ton on the right side An editor pops up Insert the time stages in days for which different groundwater recharge distributions exist as shown in the image on the left Close the editor and confirm your input by clicking on the Efl Yes button in the alert box The time stages are shown in the Time levels list now The time levels have to be linked to the database items As before each polygon gets one particular value for each time stage The polygons are identified by their IDs Let us define the database items which contain the IDs of the polygons Click on ID in the Databas
125. eration type You can now select further menu items e g View results to study visualize or plot the manipu lated data To reset or alter the operation you can select the red push button of the data operator again Once the Data operator menu reappears you can select further items The easiest way to reset and retrieve the original data is to leave the operator menu via the Exit button after setting the toggles to the default No temporal spatial operation 7 10 Reflect About Symmetric Plane This enables the reflection of the mesh and all its data about one or more reflection planes If a computa tion utilized symmetric planes in the problem formula tion and if it is only necessary to model a part of the complete mesh you may wish to evaluate and visualize the results on the full problem geometry The reflection planes can be defined and the complete problem recre ated by using this feature 7 11 History of Observation Points This button invokes a helpful submenu that allows to manipulate the number and position of observation points in order to draw modified history curves break throughs A cascade menu offers four commands Select as nodes points Observation points can be set at nodes or arbitrary locations in the mesh Add further points and redraw You have the choice of adding further observation points to the existing ones As soon as this option is selected the Postprocessor browses through the d
126. erelement mesh Furthermore a superelement mesh can be reloaded as template for the setting of the problem attributes as discussed further below al lee D Va T V aeu Co q z i x gt Yaaa E ey 1 y Y i E N P4 JB Z i 4 p AD 3 rd 3n d f Jl a eue a E E ie A E N amp ee Meses mmm l PUT ee E s E a oe L aie si LA 4C y NC E P ux Figure 11 2 Superelement mesh 11 3 1 2 Generating the finite element mesh Enter the Mesh generator from the Mesh Editor menu Start mesh generator and select El Generate automatically A total element number of L 1000 is sufficient for our purpose The resulting finite element mesh should look similar to the example file mesh2 1 fem Figure 11 3 We now want to refine parts of the finite element mesh Enter the amp Mesh geometry menu Select the A Join tool select M Polygons and load the poly gon file refine ply as template for the area to be refined As you can see in Figure 11 3 the polygons cover the area where we expect the contaminant to spread Click on Ef Mesh enrichment select amp Refine from the small pop up menu and E Cancel the Database selec tion Now click on the polygons See mesh2 2 fem for an example Next refine again the innermost polygons where the two potential contaminant sources and the pumping wells a
127. erent layers and the different classes of a layer Choose the layer to edit using the Layer switch In the Identifiers list below all available classes for the layer are shown Selecting one or several classes their properties can be set in the right part of the window Attribute section Feature determines whether the settings below are used for the Outlines the Foreground the Back ground or the Text items A line map does only con tain outline information while a polygon file contains outlines and if the polygons contain a hatched filling a foreground color hatch and a background color The color is set using the Color switch The Style switch below determines the style e g if lines are drawn solid or dashed or if polygons are filled solid or hatched Weight is only active for the Outline feature and FEFLOW 5 2 121 prescribes the line thickness Title lets you set a dif ferent title for the class which is shown in the legend Scale The scale can either be variable so that it is changed when the size of the map object is changed or it can be fixed to a prescribed value The extent of the map object is either fit to the largest of the layers or to a specified layer The x y ratio can be set to fixed or variable too Background The background settings determine shape and line width filling of the map background Position In the Position tab the positi
128. es or clockwise negative values rotation Feflow S uperelement Copier E 3 zi ZZ KARE SZ Figure 3 3 Copy superelements Copy by reflection Set two points to mark the reflection line nodal las sos are operating around marked nodes You can discard your newly created supermesh at any time by hitting the lt F2 gt key Return to the first step to repeat a copying procedure or to use a different copy method To exit the Copy superelements mode press the right mouse button 3 7 Erase Superelements Superelements can be erased either individually or collectively Click on the Erase superelements button and select one superelement or a group of superele ments with the left mouse button The selected super elements are highlighted in light blue on your screen Unselect a previously selected element by clicking it again with the left mouse button Confirm deleting of the selection with the right mouse button To undo the erasing of a superelement or a group of superelements hit the lt F2 gt key Exit by clicking the right mouse but ton 3 8 Problem Measure This menu allows to view and edit the dimensions of the working window the mesh or the coordinates Be careful using this menu as the georeferencing of your model is affected by these settings For invoking the menu click on the Problem measure button A pop up window appears with the following options Width of working window Sets the width in me
129. es all data and working arrays needed for the simulation If insuffi cient memory is available an alert box appears and the simulator stops Otherwise the simulation continues with preparation steps computing outer border mesh logics and opening the simulator submenu with differ ent windows to display results Select Exit to master menu to leave the simulator and enter the FEFLOW Shell If you try to restart the simulator from the Shell for the same problem the sim ulation will start from the beginning However it uses the resulting distributions for hydraulic head contami nant mass and temperature from the last time as the new initial conditions FEFLOW 5 2 75 FEFLOW 3D pcpeter Groundwater Mass Transport Model 2D cbc trans head pow fem Simid ator Run Re Run simulator Edifmodifyproblem T reine it ane ppap o E E O Hp EN fe Low fe Low fefi Low fef Low fef low fe Low feH Low fef Low mg l 2 444e 000 1 035e 001 2 317e 001 3 597e 001 4 878e 001 6 158e 001 7 439e 001 8 719e 001 e E 1 S 4 2 m2 d Time Step History x SN i Finite Element Mesh x Modes np 355 Elements ne 634 TIME INCREMENT a X 47 8218 Y 47 2277 ELAPGED TIME al us Figure 6 2 Simulator run 6 1 1 Diag rams three standard windows to display the Mesh the Time history of hydraulic heads can be switched to pres Depending on the selected problem class o
130. evation THICKNESS _ RECHARGE TRANSMISS Figure 5 10 Linking of database with spatial data Debug Displays and modifies data groups Data ranges or subareas of the model domain via background maps can be selected and the corresponding values can be changed by adding subtracting multiplying dividing or simple replacing operations Show Plots the flow initials as colored fringes Figure 5 11 FEFLOW 3D pcpeter Groundwater Mass Transport Model 3D demo_transport_3d fem Hydraulic head Alternate Pressure Content analyzer Mesh v Global Es m Inspector A Elemental Nodal Vanish Switches off the Show option Special Allows data visualization and export via the Data store manager DSM which is available from other menus too The DSM manages the import and export of spatial data in predefined or user defined file for mats that can be linked with attribute data See online Help for more information The Special menu also allows to compute Head minus bottom and Top minus Head isoline maps Figure 5 11 Special menu FEFLOW 5 2 55 In case of multi species transport with species bound to the solid phase the con tent analyzer equations look slightly different as for these species the total mass equals the sorbed mass 56 User s Manual Part Mesh Inspector Displays the current value and physical units for the node in the Inspector m
131. feflow feflow feflow fg feflow feflow feflow feflow fef feflow feflow feflow FS flu feflow feflow feflow fom feflow feflow feflow feflow 575 ASI ram Figure 1 1 Parts of the Shell Clicking in the green field which shows the current element type and the progress bar activates the quick access menu Figure 1 2 which provides direct access QUICK ACCESS ave superclement mesh Save finite element problem Add map Legend editor Drawings Suspend license Quit lt Alt F4 gt ju peu aw Figure 1 2 Quick access menu to some of the functions available in the File menu In the message bar at the bottom of the screen you can find context sensitive help concerning the operations which you are about to perform e g active hot keys 1 3 The Menu Hierarchy The FEFLOW Shell menu is the top level of a detailed menu structure The structure is based in part on practical criteria so that basic and often used set tings can be accessed directly from the Shell menu The lower level menus follow the sequence of steps of model creation The basic steps are listed in Table 1 1 together with the corresponding menu names and the sections of this manual that describe them Table 1 1 The basic steps of modeling Topic Names Mesh Editor attribute Problem Editor tion specifica Simulator Run postprocessing File Edit Run Postprocessor IFM Options Dimension Tools Windows Info
132. ffers not only the setting of an initial distri bution of the mass con centration but also the possibility to define a ref erence contamination mass temperature which is used for the calculation of the fluid density For detailed information refer to the FEFLOW online Help hit F1 in the Transport initials menu or the Reference Manual The Transport boundaries menu is similar to the Flow boundaries Section 5 7 menu For the definition of the mass boundaries we again refer to the Reference Manual The Transport materi als menu differs in the parameters from the Flow mate rials menu The tables in the Reference Manual give the default units for the transport parameters and the online Help gives more detailed information You can assign edit and debug transport initials transport Mass transport initials Mass transport boundaries Mass transport materials OK OK Heat transport initials Heat transport boundaries Heat transport materials ko Return boundaries and transport materials The Mass trans port materials menu allows you to set the following parameters Aquifer thickness Porosity Sorption laws Henry Freundlich Langmuir and Coefficients Molecular diffusion Longitudinal dispersivity Transverse dispersivity Dispersion type Linear Nonlinear Decay types First Order Michaelis Menten Decay Chains and Rate coefficients of reac tion kinetics Transfer rate and Source sink of con taminants T
133. flow field option For detailed information see online Help Legend editor sets the properties for visualization of the modeling results Besides switching between linear logarithmic or custom scales different resolutions are supported Customized legends can be saved and loaded again Adaptive mesh refinement AMR invokes automatic refining and derefining of the finite element mesh during simulation The AMR is based on an a posteriori error estimation for the spatial discretization It works currently only for 2D triangular meshes Save current settings Important temporal parameters like file histories paths solver settings numerical options personal menu entries are saved immediately and FEFLOW will start with these settings next time 2 7 IFM Interface Manager The Interface Manager controls the configuration of void ExceptionHandler IfmHandle pHdl IfmExceptionContext pEx The Exception Hanraler is called whenever an exceptional condition in one of the interface functions occurs The default exception handler prevents the interface function from returning The execution skips to the next module pEx points to following exception structure struct IfmExceptionContext Adaptive Mesh Refinement Regionalization OnActivate Simulation OnBeginDocument OnChangeProblemClass OnChangeTopology OnEditDocument Figure 2 6 Interface manager IFM the FEFLOW Programming interface It allows the linking
134. fluxes areal fluxes groundwater recharge or the sum of both In order to define exactly for which nodes the budget will be analyzed you can set points only on nodes not arbitrarily on elements Each balance point group is identified by an unique group identifier Using the Point joining option the grouped balance points will be set on the nodes which are nearest to the imported points or lines During the simulation a Balance flux window will appear You can view and save the balance data by activating the Diagrams option of the Halt and view results menu of the Simulator kernel or simply by clicking with the right mouse button on the diagram window Section 6 4 Figure 5 21 Observation point group 5 10 3 Fences sections Fences represent a specific arrangement of data and can be used for many purposes for example as line segments for a diagram evaluation in 2D or to obtain cross sectional displays in 3D With this editor you can create load export and edit the fence segments or line sections you will need for the Join tool Section 5 6 draw background maps as well as lines for cross sec tions or lines and polygons for budget analysis of sub regions and other postprocessing options 5 10 4 Reference distribution Reference distributions are used to compare the results of the simulation with given reference data such as the measured groundwater level Each reference dis tribution is identified by a unique name
135. fying its source code which would cause licensing issues Neither object code nor any libraries are necessary since the IFM uses a jump table tech nique which can be provided in source code The implementation of these jump tables lies completely on the side of FEFLOW Therefore modules have no external references to FEFLOW s code or data Changes inside FEFLOW will not affect the functional ity provided by the module Thus a module does not depend on a particular FEFLOW version but is respon sible for its own version management A group of API functions provided by the IFM supports the creation and management of downward and upward compatible modules The extension of FEFLOW by modules can be of interest for users who have no intention to write own source code but want to use extended functionality pro vided by already compiled and linked modules Another group the programmers has developed some own specific software and want to use it in FEFLOW s environment FEFLOW 5 2 175 FEFLOW External module Task Method1 Method 2 Method A Figure 12 1 Replacing internal methods e g regionalization FEFLOW External module NE Method 1 aooe Method A Method 2 Method B Method 3 Figure 12 2 Extending internal methods e g simulation 176 User s Manual Part III Fo
136. g program 26 start xplot program 26 start X window dump 26 transfer 57 64 transfer rate transport 63 transport boundaries data 64 transport boundaries menu 63 transport data menu 63 mass initials 63 mass transport materials 64 transport boundaries 63 transport initials 63 transport materials 63 transport initials 63 transport mapping 39 transport materials 63 transverse dispersivity 63 triangulation 23 two dimensional 2D 25 U units 59 upwinding 50 full 50 Galerkin fem 50 least square 50 shock capturing 50 streamline 50 V van Genuchten 62 vanish see tools velocity approximation 23 version management 175 visualization 83 W well 57 64 what s new 7 window menu 27 log messages 27 time recording 27 working window vertical exaggeration 35 width of 35 X xplot 26 XPLOT program starting 26 xwindow dump 26 Z z coordinates 52 zoom 15 FEFLOW 5 2 189 190 User s Manual
137. g ID toggle For time varying func tions the symbol of the boundary conditions is shown together with the corresponding ID number while sta tionary boundary conditions are indicated by symbols without an ID number Assign Is similar to the Assign tool in the Flow Initials menu Section 5 6 with one additional option Border is a mouse controlled input of boundary conditions along the boundaries of the model A constant value can be set or by setting a start and an end value a lin ear interpolation along the boundary is performed The Database option supports here also the 2D regionaliza tion of time varying boundary conditions and the direct assignment of database values on the nodes The latter option is useful to import boundary conditions exported from another FEFLOW model using a similar mesh For time varying interpolation the triplet files must contain the ID of a Power function as function values format of a triplet file x coordinate y coordi nate function value See the FEFLOW online Help for detailed instructions Join In addition to the basis functionality described in Section 5 6 the Join tool supports the 1D regionaliza tion of stationary and time varying data along lines for example for modeling river systems as boundary con ditions and 2D regionalization of time varying data The joining can either be performed interactively or automatically for all lines The line order for joining can be selected base
138. g and Unselect ing and between Zooming In and Zooming Out Initially the cursor mode is set to Selecting Press ing the Escape key while drawing a rubber box will cancel the action 10 2 8 Selecting and unselecting data points for weight modification Select and unselect e Single data points by clicking on them while in the respective cursor mode Groups of points by drawing an encompassing rubber box with the left mouse button pressed while in the respective cursor mode e All points using the respective context menu right click in data plot or Data menu entry Note that any selected point remains selected until explicitly unselected 10 2 9 Weight modification Weighting factors of selected data points in the active plot window are modified using the Weight modification dialog Once at least one data point has been selected in the active plot window the dialog can be opened via the Data gt Modify Weights menu entry via context menu right click in data plot by pushing the associated toolbar button or by press ing the W key FEFLOW 5 2 129 The upper and lower bounds for the modification factor can be user edited The value of the modifica tion factor can be either edited directly or adjusted 0 001 1000 aes i within the current bounds using the slider The weight modification is dynamically applied to all selected data points the point selection can be modified w
139. g is desired The Data rescuer option can be used to save the current results in a postprocessor dac file The Data to display section controls the update fre quency for the visualization of results during the simu lation by specifying the number of time steps between subsequent redrawings The isoline resolution defines the accuracy of fringe isoline drawings for quadrilat eral meshes For more detailed information see the online Help 6 9 Problem Summary This option summarizes the status of problem edit ing Select this submenu to check problem data for completeness and consistency Section 4 9 describes the corresponding popup window in detail gt v Feflow Problem Summary READY TO RUN Figure 6 15 Problem summary FEFLOW 5 2 89 90 User s Manual Part Postprocessor The FEFLOW tool for result analysis and data export 7 1 Introduction The Postproces sor contains a num ber of options and File information capabilities which Background maps are useful for study Browse file mg and evaluating View results at 1 750e 02 d computational re l Budget analyzer sults The Postpro a Tem cessor file is selected SUN LOUER HORE in a File selector Content analyzer box The Postpro Special operations cessor reads dac Reflect about symmetric plane files which have been History of observation points produced during a Recreate previous simula tion run
140. g options applied to the iterative solution of large sparse matrix equations cover alternative schemes and appropriate parameters which Should be carefully selected They are important for the solution success and influence the storage requirements and the convergence behavior Change the default options only if be sure Figure 2 5 Iterative solver settings dialog 1 for more see White Papers Vol III Chapter 3 Direct equation solver The Direct equation solver is best for small prob lems those with less than about 10 000 nodes A Gaussian profile solver is used for both flow and trans port equations The Reverse Cuthill McKee RCM and as an alternative the Multilevel Nested Dissection MLNDS nodal reordering schemes are incorporated to minimize the matrix fill in and the storage demand Parallel Computing Parallel computation tasks such as matrix assembly can be executed parallel using FEFLOW in multi pro cessor environments Specify the number of parallel tasks to be used for FEFLOW in the parallel process ing dialog default is the number of logical processors Specific option settings opens a submenu for Handling of the concentration and temperature effects on fluid viscosity and density Processing of multi layered wells Computation of the mass matrices Quadrature rules to evaluate element integrals Treatment of elements having fallen dry e Settings for unsaturated flow Reverse
141. g the associated toolbar button I The exported file will contain Variable names and the name of the fitting model in a header line Columns with measured independent and depen dent values measurement standard deviation weighting factors and model predicted values Parameter names and values Output files can be imported as data files for subse quent alternative fittings FEFLOW 5 2 131 132 User s Manual Part 134 User s Manual Part II Tutorial 11 1 Introduction 11 1 1 Abstract A two and a three dimensional flow and transport problem will be modeled in FEFLOW using realistic project data All necessary steps are explained Pre and postprocessing of data is executed in FEPLOT and by using ArcView 11 1 2 Scope and structure of the tutorial This tutorial introduces the advanced user to the philosophy of modeling complex two and three dimensional flow and transport problems by using FEFLOW It demonstrates the use of sophisticated functions and tools like time varying boundary condi tions and material parameters complementary bound ary constraints or grouped balance points First we will create a complete two dimensional flow and transport problem based on realistic data Afterwards we will extend the model to the third dimension For this exercise you need the Tutorial data on your harddisk If the files have already been installed they are located in the FEFLOW installation
142. group for the nodes along the southern lakeside boundary You can use the background map of the well boundary conditions for Point joining now You have created this map earlier from the Flow boundaries menu For each point group you have to select a different ID from the Group identifier list first Their mass 144 User s Manual Part Il and flow balances will be drawn in a special window during the simulation run Return to the main menu of the Reference Data Editor For many analyzing techniques of FEFLOW the definition of fences or sections is useful In the Efl Fences sections menu draw one line along the northern boundary another from the North to the South dividing the model in two equal parts and finally north of the well gallery a line from west to east Figure 11 7 Fences sections These points and lines become part of the finite ele ment problem file and can be selected in many menus via their IDs displayed as numbers at the ends of the segments All required data have now been assigned now Before starting the simulation run save your finite element problem because the distribution of hydrau lic head will necessarily change during the simula tion run That means the initial conditions will be replaced by the new time level results You can save the file via the amp Quick access menu or via the shell menu File default file extension is fem Saving is possible either in a binary file fo
143. h creation pro cess 3 4 Map Inactive Active This item allows to use background maps loaded by the map manager Section 2 2 as templates for the polygon design Once a file is selected its name is dis played in the File text field The map is activated by setting the toggle to Active During polygon design the cursor will then snap automatically to items of the background map that are within snap distance The snap distance can be specified via the Snap button next to the Insert button By hitting the lt F65 gt and lt F6 gt keys the map can be made active and inactive respec tively 3 5 Add In Lines Points Clicking on the Add In lines points menu item enters the Mesh Continue point design Add in submenu The Add points from map functionality of add Hap SG Inactive ME EE ins is described in AEE couche VE detail in Section 3 2 The commands are Continue line design Erase add in s j described briefly in Help this section Continue mesh design Add from map Imports lines or points from an activated back ground map Having activated a background map as described in the last section the Add from map button becomes enabled displaying Add lines from map or Add points from map depending on the current setting You can import the corresponding objects all at once by pressing the Add from map button Erase add ins This option works exactly like the Erase superele
144. h edi tor offers many new capabilities how ever it does not yet include every func tion available within the old mesh editor Therefore both edi tors are implemented in the current FEFLOW release Add polygons Add line add ins Add point add ins Snap to Creotranstormation Help Stop editing Add polygons This part of the mesh editor allows you to make changes and additions to a superelement mesh You can place nodes and change lines to make them curved cir cular or straight For rough orientation the current coor dinates of the mouse pointer are shown in the control panel in the lower left corner of the window Press the left mouse but ton to fix a node For exact node positioning the Fixator can be invoked by hitting lt F2 gt It allows to explic itly enter values for the x and y coordinates of the node Alternatively a point file can be loaded by opening the combo box The points are sorted according to their distance to the mouse pointer Selecting a point from the list a new node will be placed exactly at the point coordinates After the first superelement node is set a rubber line that can be dragged is attached to it The next node is fixed by mouse or keyboard in the same way as the first Nodes may be created in a clockwise or counter clockwise direction Select the starting node again to close a superelement Before closing the superelement a recently set node can be clicked again
145. hanges the order of mesh generation Normally the mesh is generated in the same order in which you have drawn the superelements If the Area sorting option is active the mesh is generated in the order of the superelement area from the smallest element to the largest one The triangulator can occasionally fail for an inap propriate subdivision of superelement edges In this case the generator stops and an alert box presents dif ferent ways to continue Your choices are repeat the triangulation for the last superelement start over from the beginning or break the generation process Sometimes a repeated generation for the same sub division is successful because the generator dynami cally increases the number of iterations and allocates larger working arrays xm Figure 4 1 Generate areally 4 4 Generate Gradually Click on Generate gradually to start This option allows you to input the num ber of finite elements along each edge of a superelement The current superelement edge is indicated by an arrow Note that for edges shared by two superelements the number of elements has to be the same on both sides Therefore an input is required only once This function only works with the Transport map ping and Advancing front meshing methods as described in Section 4 5 KEYBOARD REQUEST E J Unit None 4 5 Generator Options The Generator options item defines rules for the generation of the f
146. he Heat transport data menus are similar to the Mass transport data menus For an explanation of the parameters see the Reference Manual 5 9 1 Transport initials The initial mass concentration tempera ture can be entered globally element wise or node wise Refer ence mass concentra tion and or Reference temperature can be defined for to take into account the influence of viscosity and density on the effective permeabil ity See Section 5 6 for an overview of how data can be viewed assigned and edited You can also find a description of the Content Analyzer there For detailed information see the online Help ME e NE AENEA DLE LES Soy BASS i72281C8i8 Contaminant mass Reference mass Co Content analyzer vy Global A Elemental Mesh li A Nodal Assign fo A Rubberbox A 1 193 1 1 Return ow feflow fellow ow feflow fellow FEFLOW 5 2 63 The conceptual design is similar for all Flow and Trans port Data menus Refer to the Flow Initial Data section for getting an overview of the main functions of these menus flux type boundary conditions depends on the selection between Convective form transport default and Divergence form transport in the Options menu of the Shell For the former fluxes are dispersive i e they are con trolled only by the concen tration gradient For the divergence form the total fluxes consist of the convec tive and dispersive p
147. hile the 1 dialog is open The effect of the current weight setting on the fitted model curve is instantaneously shown as optimization is performed automatically following each change in weighting Modify Selected Weights This value will be multiplied with the current weighting factor of each selected data paint Cancel Apply OK Figure 10 7 Weight Modification Dia The weighting factor of all selected data points in Return key The arrow keys can be used for the active plot window can be explicitly set to unity incremental panning in the direction of the respec with the Discard Weights command issued via the tive arrow Data gt Discard Weights menu entry via context e In any cursor mode the active data plot can be menu right click in data plot by pressing the associ panned with the pressed middle mouse button or ated toolbar button Ei or by pressing the 1 key the pressed mouse wheel and zoomed by turning the mouse wheel Pressing the Escape key while 10 2 10Data view navigation panning with the pressed middle mouse button will cancel the action There are several methods for navigation within a Push buttons for incremental data plot zooming incremental pan The Zooming and Panning cursor modes can ning and resetting of the data be used as described in the Cursor Modes section plot are provided in the Navi To set the active data plot to its unzoomed initial
148. ho E HERD is set 32 099998 m time constant Time constant CONSTRAINT behind Figure 5 15 Mesh inspector the Reference Manual and to use the online Help In addition to the standard commands of the Flow data menus the Flow boundaries menu offers the fol lowing tools and functions Erasing Deletes some or Boundary conditions of 1 kind all of the boundary EQUI SOS nt conditions via a cas Noda ard kind i gs we linca cade pop up menu WF uem SS c MENS I en Rubberbo all type First second isslgn Een H m third or fourth type or all boundary conditions can be erased from the current slice Use the right mouse button to confirm and execute Note that a value related erasing can be performed using the Debug tool see Section 5 6 Time varying function IDs Controls assigning of time varying boundary condi tions by assigning power functions Click on Time varying function IDs for opening the Power Func tions editor which you can also enter from the Tem poral amp control data menu Section 5 3 1 A slider bar below the button contains the ID numbers of the currently defined time functions For any ID shown the respective toggle can be set to assign the respective function to a time varying boundary condition The left most toggle default setting corre sponds to time constant boundary conditions Before assigning boundary conditions you should set the correspondin
149. hus some attention should be given to the proper de sign of the finite element mesh To assist in creating a Generator options well shaped mesh FEFLOW offers various tools in cluding local refinement and derefinement of the mesh 4 2 Generate Automatically A pop up window allows you to enter the desired total number of finite elements default is 1000 for the complete region of superelements 4 3 Generate Areally Clicking on the Generate Areally button opens a new pop up window If the Advancing front mesh gen erator is selected Section 4 5 you are asked to enter the desired number of elements for each of the super elements If you are using TMesh Triangle or Trans port mapping the Mesh density display editor is opened which allows you to set the number of elements for each superelement The left part of the window shows the number of elements which will be created for each superelement The generation is invoked by clicking the Start button Re Compute element number distribution dis FEFLOW 5 2 37 38 User s Manual Part tributes a given total number of elements default 1000 on the superelements To change the number of elements for a particular superelement click on the cor responding superelement number and type the new value in the Edit number of elements line If Auto zooming is selected the working window is automati cally zoomed to the selected superelement Activating Area sorting c
150. iew window can be switched using the Xi toolbar button the Window menu or the context menu available by right clicking on the view A high quality view is indicated by the HQ label that is appended to the respective view window title Cloned views are created in the same mode as the respective parent view window and can be obtained via the l toolbar button the Window Clone menu command or the context menu of the parent view win dow 9 2 3 Spatial control The first view window of a new fex document initially displays the exterior 1 e the boundary of the model domain A Navigation panel Figure 9 2 tool bar buttons and mouse tools are available for user con trolled object manipulation within the active view window The Box toggle button in the Navigation panel can be used to display a rectangular box enclos ing the model domain object Figure 9 5 Edit fields and sliders control parameters such as distance offset and rotation angles A value of unity for the relative distance from object center to virtual cam era corresponds to the distance where the object fits fully within the field of view The mouse wheel if present can also be used to control the relative distance for finer control the CTRL key can be pressed while turning the wheel Offset directions are the horizontal To use hardware acceleration if SS available it must be enabled via the Prefer ences menu FEFLOW 5 2
151. ile browser 92 file information 91 file selector 91 fluid flux analyzer 93 history of observation points 94 introduction 91 load and run 22 recreate 95 reflect about symmetric plane 94 special operations 93 view results at 92 power functions editor 50 time varying function ids 58 problem class flow amp transport 47 flow only 47 problem classifier 46 problem editor 22 mesh geometry 74 problem summary 74 transport data 63 problem editor menu 45 3D slice elevation 52 flow data 52 introduction 45 problem class 46 reference data 70 temporal amp control data 48 problem measure menu 35 gauss krueger coordinates 35 shift origin 35 vertical exaggeration 35 width of working window 35 problem summary 27 42 74 89 Q quadrangulation 23 quick access menu 14 R reaction Arrhenius 66 degradation 66 Monod 66 user defined 66 reaction kinetics editor 67 recent files 21 recreate 95 reduce remake DAC file 95 reference data 70 reference data editor 70 FEFLOW 5 2 187 188 User s Manual fences 71 observation point groups 70 observation single points 70 reference distribution 71 reference mass 63 reflect about symmetric plane 94 rehash F E problem 95 restart mesh editor 36 results viewer postprocessor 92 simulator 82 rubberbox see tools assign run menu 22 start simulator 22 S saturation 62 save current settings 25 data of points as dar file 95 data store manager DSM 55 finite element problem 20
152. inite element mesh FEFLOW implements three different mesh genera tors Transport mapping for quadrilateral elements Advancing front for triangular elements at super element meshes without add ins and e TMesh Delaunay for triangular elements at superelement meshes including add ins Additionally an interface is provided for the Trian gle Delaunay generator for complex superelement meshes including a large number of add ins copyright by J R Shewchuk University of California at Berke ley Feflow Mesh Generator Option Menu Ea Figure 4 2 Mesh generator options Transport mapping advancing front Transport mapping creates quadrilateral finite ele ments while Advancing front is a mesh generator for triangular finite elements Having selected one of these tools the menu displays the options as described below e Iteration number for triangular mesh smooth ing Set the value higher if you want a better mesh smoothing but be aware that it might take much more time especially if the number of elements is large Only valid for Advancing front meshing e Triangulation based on quadrilateral super mesh elements A triangle mesh will be generated which is similar to a quadrilateral mesh where each quadrilateral element is subdivided into two triangles With this option you get a very regular distribution of finite elements Only valid for Advancing front meshing tool and quadrilateral superelements e
153. ion l 1 neighbor Efl Import time constant data Click on Ef Apply Select Ef Well 4th kind from the menu choose Interactive in the pop up alert box and hit the F2 key FEFLOW executes an automatic mesh refinement Figure 11 4 Regionalization 142 User s Manual Part Il with an exact positioning of the four wells Mesh nest ing You can check the input data by using the Efl Mesh inspector after clicking on the corresponding icon If an outer or inner border node remains without explicit boundary condition it will be treated as impervious to flow entering or leaving the model domain VAVA SN SKI os i SA KAZ A NZ SA ES SZ A AUN V VO VA V S K i DA a Stm a v Raat Qe KESS VS VAN iy o Rx LAS SAN S js AETAT ATANA PAY AAA PANO VSIA SA Ea E CS OS aM VASA RECO VPN pud orm Du PORE ISAAA TARAA Mna RESSAR SEE 7 UN 2B a LITTE TP ORKER RSO 1 ACTU Nee iia Vag OMAN lies Ti CAN AH NY o w VN ya Figure 11 5 Model area with flow boundary conditions Finally we create a background map of the loca tions of the wells We will need it later in the Refer ence section Select the Export tool from the light blue button below the mesh inspector Click on the Well 4th kind button The Exporting menu pops up Export
154. ion of the plane normal the visible side of the plane is the front side When using a cutout combination only those object parts are clipped that are on the back side of all clipping planes of the cutout combination 110 User s Manual Part Planes Push to modify Disabled Clipping Cutout O 1x 07 02 0 O O0X 17 04 0 O O0 0 1 4 0 D 7D7X O 077 Of 0 0 0 707X 07 0 7072 0 e 0000 OQOOOOO OOO 9e 9 O 0 Ux 0707Y 0 7072 0 Figure 9 11 Planes panel Simple clipping planes can be applied in addition to a cutout combination Pressing a button in the left section of the Planes panel launches the Plane Definition dialog for the Plane Definition Plane Equation 0 0x 1Y 0 0 25 Normal sector T Cancel Figure 9 12Plane Definition dialog GBr1 4m T252 80 m Figure 9 13 Plane being edited via Plane Definition dialog respective plane Figure 9 12 This dialog is used to modify the relative position and orientation of the plane within the model object Immediate visual feed back is provided in the view window where the front side of the plane currently being edited is shown in bright yellow Figure 9 13 Tip The clipping plane definitions are always nor malized The clip settings 1 e the entire set of six clip ping planes of the active view can thus be exported to an fxc file via the File Export menu and subse quently be importe
155. ions Reflect about symmetric plane History of observation points a elow s ricycier Recreate To problem editor Continue simulation Help Exit to master menu OL c LOLU E LOL E MOIS Heasure n a 8143 20 ajel Rali l 121 Ld Finite Element Mesh Nodes np 24894 Elements ne Figure 8 2 3D view 8 4 Cut Away Viewer The Cut away viewer defines W the part of the projection to be cut away for an inside view of the parameter distribution You can define the cut out by insert ing screen related Position coordinates in the menu or by moving the 3D handlers on the body of the model by mouse 8 5 Pathlines Controller The Pathlines control ler pop up menu lets you choose different modes of starting the pathlines types of computation shapes of the pathlines and the num ber of pathlines to be visu alized It also allows to import starting points from a database e g for com puting the relevant area of influence around wells and to export several 2D projections of the pathlines Start by 3D cursor To specify the starting point of the pathline drag the control handlers of the 3D cursor to the corresponding location of the model or enter the exact coordinates in the input text fields Start on 2D slice Select between starting a single pathline or a num ber of pathlines specified in the input field along a line to draw or aroun
156. ions are introduced and actu ally assigned to the problem conditions the function values will be saved within the finite element problem file fem Having been created in this editor the curve data can then be assigned in the Flow data and Transport data menus We will use the following items ID access In this list all IDs of the power functions are dis played Initially all IDs are empty Efl Import curve data A file can be selected which contains function data in ASCII format to be assigned to the current ID The correct syntax for files containing power functions is described in the File format library of the online Help A power function for curve data has to contain two columns separated by empty space or tabs t d fvalue 146 User s Manual Part Il Load the power functions for the pumping rates of the wells by using the Ef mport curve data button well rates pow as a simple ASCII format file You can plot the values by selecting the ID in the ID access list The curve is displayed as a diagram Click on Efi Edit curve data for editing the value pairs Now we leave the Temporal amp control data menu and enter the Flow data editors 11 3 4 3 Flow data Flow boundaries Taking into account the fact that the aquifer is unconfined we change the flux boundary condition to a depth integrated boundary condition type That means we will have a constant discharge of groundwater inde pendent of aquife
157. is mode to apply for example annual hydrographs in a multi year simu lation 5 3 2 List time related material data In FEFLOW all material data can vary over space and time The data are assigned via the T List tool or the Join tool in the Material data menus of the Flow data and Transport data options Section 5 5 and Sec tion 5 9 The submenu termed Material data time list menu displays for each material parameter the time values for which material distributions are defined During the simulation the current value is obtained by interpolat Feflow Material Data Time List Menu Figure 5 5 Material data time list controller ing between these given time steps either linearly Polylined or using a third order polygonal smooth ing Akima Time related material data can be applied in linear non cyclic or cyclic mode see Section 5 3 1 Time related material data is stored either in the problem file fem or in an external ASCII or binary file m1i Specify the name of the external file in the input field The Preview time dependency button opens a plot window for the time varying data for each element in a diagram Feflow Previewer of Time dependent Material Data Figure 5 6 Preview time dependency of material data FEFLOW 5 2 51 52 User s Manual Part To delete the entire material list push the Delete list for material button 5 4 3D Slice Elevation This submenu allow
158. ites of the contaminators In the pop up Map measure menu push the E Attach area button only for model area lin this will georeference and scale the working window to the study area Now enter the Mesh editor via the amp Design superelement mesh command of the shell Edit menu Construct the superelements with the mouse Continue polygon design The outer borders are outlined by the model area lin map showing the lake side S the two rivers W E and the groundwater contour line of 40 m N You can activate the map by using the commands below the E Continue polygon design button to achieve an exact positioning of the superelements on the corresponding lines Use the Ef Correct superelements and Ef Erase superele ments options to improve the superelements as needed Try to create a mesh as regular as possible based on the landuse lin and model area lin background maps At each node of a superelement FEFLOW will also create a finite element node This may be helpful for the exact positioning of boundary conditions but if you don t want to click on every corresponding point there are also other possibilities to control the placing of mesh nodes later on An example for the resulting superelement mesh is stored as sm2 smh for directory see Table 11 11 The superelement mesh can be saved separately using the Quick access menu You thus have the data to generate several alternative finite element meshes using the same sup
159. itional tool for evaluating computed distributions of the Darcy velocity and related discharge quantities from this velocity distribu tion The flux through an area defined by a geometric section will generally be computed by subdividing the section into many small vertical or horizontal ori ented line segments The integrated flux represents the normal flux through the line polygon segment The flux unit is volume per time Please note that the results of the Fluid Flux Ana lyzer are not exact flux values Inaccuracy may result because velocities are secondary results of the simulation run the velocity vectors from nodes are projected on sections However it is a useful tool for estimating fluxes between subregions in your model domain e g flux into an open pit from the surrounding aquifer or fluxes through a cross section For more detailed information see the Reference Manual and the online Help r Feflow Fluid Flux Analyzer Results Viewer e Pat Einrem tne stage i Figure 6 13 Fluid flux analyzer FEFLOW 5 2 87 88 User s Manual Part 6 7 Special Operations This menu allows difference operations on the resulting data or between resulting data and reference data for the creation of difference maps Two tabs are available Spatial No spatial operation or reset and retrieve original data Difference top minus head Difference head
160. l equations editor for defining user spe cific reaction types For a detailed description of the theory of reactive multi species transport in FEFLOW please refer to White Papers Vol IV 5 9 4 1 Problem class For simulating reactive transport in FEFLOW in Problem Class number and type of the different species have to be defined first For multi species transport clicking the button Edit list of chemical species invokes an editor for the def inition of the species For each species the phase has to be defined as either e fluid phase or solid phase Species of the fluid phase are transported by advec tion and dispersion while species of the solid phase are bound to the matrix without any movement e g to represent a sorbed contaminant Additionally for each species an identifying name can be specified Two but tons can be used to either assign fluid or solid phase to all of the species 5 9 4 2 Transport initials A set of mass transport initial conditions is always valid for a single species Use the Species selector sep arate window to switch between the different species The Copy tool option Advanced serves for trans ferring information from one species to another one Species Selector x ID Phase Name 1 fluid Hexogen l 1 fluid Hexogen fluid 2 4 DNT 24 6 TNT RDX LCKW fluid 2 3 4 solid 5 solid Figure 5 18 Species selector 5 9 4 3 Transport boundaries A set of m
161. l operation or reset and retrieve original data This default option resets all previous operations and retrieves the original data Difference first time minus second time as selected In the scroll lists of this menu you must select two time stages the initial and the final times are default for which the difference of the resulting data hydraulic heads concentrations or temperature is to be com puted The formula is written as Difference Result first Ting Result Second Time Standard deviation over a time period as se lected The population standard deviation for the time lev els is computed over the time period selected in the scroll lists With N denoting the number of selected time stages the formula is SDev x xy JVar x xy with the variance RE 2 VOI Micon ky Nol b3 xj X j 1 FEFLOW 5 2 93 94 User s Manual Part and the mean of the values x xy ee X 3 Xj j l Cumulative changes over a time period as se lected This option displays the temporal sensitivity of the results as accumulation of absolute deviations for adja cent times over the time period selected in the scroll lists The cumulative changes are computed according to the following formula N Cum x xy p 7X j 2 Apply Pushing the Apply button executes the selected operation type The menu disappears and a red label in the Postprocessor menu indicates the current op
162. le Data File Properties menu command Table 9 1 File types that can be accessed by FEFLOW Explorer via the standard New Open Save file commands New Open Save Type E yp 3 m E FEFLOW Explorer docu Yes Yes Yes ment fem PEELOW Prob No Yes No lem definition lation record 9 2 2 View windows The first view window appears automatically when creating a new fex document Multiple view win dows can be open at the same time Each view main tains its own plot tree navigation autopilot and clipping settings A given view window displays graphics either via hardware acceleration or via a pure software imple mentation Hardware acceleration depends on the locally installed graphics card and the respective manu facturer supplied drivers A correct hardware imple mentation of the OpenGL standard greatly enhances the responsiveness of the user interface when manipu lating the visualized object It must be noted however that in many cases the OpenGL hardware and or driv ers are not fully reliable and may cause various visual artefacts As a safe alternative FFLOW Explorer pro vides a software only High Quality HQ mode which is less responsive but free of hardware related artefacts A new view window can be created either in HQ or if enabled in hardware accelerated mode using the respective Window menu commands or toolbar but tons Ei for HQ or for accelerated mode The mode of an existing v
163. le l records share the same ID C Record Each record is represented by an unique ID C Stage l records with the same value share an unique ID Range For each range of values an unique ID will be generated Classes 32 Minimum 8 55 Maximum 22 96 Reset qui Loganthnice GI SSITT GT ID format Thickness f6 2 m gt Figure 10 2 Classification window Additionally in the ID formats box the display for mat for the classes in the legend can be chosen Hit the arrow shown at the right side of the ID formats box to select the numerical format The format will be shown in the ID formats box between the braces in C pro gramming style This option is of course only avail able for the attribute type Numeric In the ID formats box itself a text can be added before or behind the braces e g Head f3 2 m leads to an output of Head 122 25 m Head 123 25 m for the class Hit Classify to perform the classification The resulting classes are shown in the Identifiers list 10 2 FE LM2 10 2 1 What is FE LM and when is it useful The FEFLOW modeling system incorporates a number of constitutive relations such as saturation vs pressure and hydraulic conductivity vs saturation for unsaturated flow or absorption isotherms and reaction kinetics for reactive transport Various parametric expressions are provided in FEFLOW to describe these constitutive relations It remains for the user to select the best sui
164. le just created during the simulation The menu items of the Postpro cessor are the same as for 2D models with some items providing additional options in 3D Start with the Results viewer E View results 11 4 4 1 Results viewer In 3D always the currently active slice is analyzed You can browse the slices using the Layers amp slices browser Figure 11 26 at the lower left side of the Working window There are some additional options for cross sectional analy sis compared to the possibilities in 2D Figure 11 26 Layers amp slices browser Line sections amp segments Create new segments for cross sections via the Fl Edit amp Draw Segments option Check the 2D 2D and SLC options of the Segments tool by switch ing the light blue toggle Choose between M lined con tours or M fringed isolines by selecting the corresponding items of the Isoline pattern option above The 2 DAC option for line sections allows to save a cross section as a complete results file for reduc ing the problem to a 2D vertical model 11 4 4 2 Budget menu The Efi Budget menu offers additional options to analyze the current slice a list of slices or the whole model domain Here we check the different in and outfluxes for the two aquifers Do the results corre spond with the ones previously obtained by the 2D model How are the mass flux quantities in the two aquifers related to the different contaminators use the slice
165. lements option is chosen From this library you may select an element type for the FEM generation Set the corresponding toggle on the library submenu to specify the element type you choose Higher order elements 8 nodal quadrilateral and 6 nodal triangle in 2D and 20 nodal prism and 15 node prism in 3D may lead to a more accurate numerical result for the same number of elements compared with linear element types at the expense of greater computational effort 4 7 Continue Mesh Design This option allows to return to the mesh design pro cess described in Section 3 for further superelement design or modification If a finite element mesh has already been generated a warning alert box appears to ask you whether the generated mesh should really be discarded Pushing the Cancel button closes the alert box without further action e g to save the mesh before re entering the supermesh editor Feflow Alert Box FEFLOW alert You start with a new mesh fre you sure you want to discard the current mesh Figure 4 4 Alert box 4 8 Mesh Geometry Selecting this item invokes some tools for editing the mesh Mesh enrichment Delete elements ves 4 P og iriangularize j as Transform mesh Move node Map w Inactive Active File Snap Check properties Create supermesh from M Mesh vy Single lg Border Rubberbox Global Mesh enrichment Use the Mesh enrichment menu item to loca
166. les and entries of the previous menu items are also valid for export For example if mass is set then a isoline map will refer to the computed mass dis tribution The output of resulting nodal quantities for all parameters can be performed in different ASCII for mats using the buttons in the lower part of the red box For more detailed information see FEFLOW online Help 6 5 Budget Budget computes quantities of fluid masses con taminant masses and heat entering or exiting the simu lated region subregions or boundary sections i e it computes balances for a quantity entering or leaving the model domain The quantities for fluid contami nant mass and heat are evaluated in an unified manner Imbalance Fluxes along outer or inner boundaries e g bor ders occupied by Dirichlet Neumann or Cauchy boundary conditions first second and third type e Injections and withdrawals through single wells fourth type Areal fluxes due to infiltration recharge leakage etc e Imbalance Gain Loss Boundary conditions Fluxes along outer or inner boundaries occupied by Dirichlet first type boundary condition Fluxes along outer or inner boundaries occupied by Neumann second type boundary condition Fluxes along outer or inner boundaries occupied by Cauchy third type boundary condition e Injections and withdrawals through single wells fourth type Inputs fluxes in to the areas or border sections are
167. lly refine or derefine a finite element mesh This can be useful if local mesh refinements or improved mesh accuracy are desired in areas where large gradients are expected The enrichment can be executed using the mouse alone or based on polygons or lines using the assigning and joining techniques described in Section 5 6 Delete elements The special option Delete elements may be useful whenever a mesh contains elements which should be excluded from the computation for example areas having a negligible permeability This approach is often better than assigning extremely small permeabil ity values which can lead to stiff and ill conditioned matrix equations that are hard to solve Triangularization of quadrilateral meshes This tool converts quadrilateral meshes to triangular ones Triangularize as P As indicated by the buttons you can subdivide one quadrilateral element either into two or four triangles Splitting into two triangles can be performed using either the shortest diagonal of each element or a consis tent splitting direction Applying the triangularization results in very regularly meshed models Transform mesh This option allows to transform rotate a finite ele ment mesh in different ways Rotate mesh Use the deletion with care to avoid mutilated meshes Interconnected boundary conditions can also disap pear FEFLOW 5 2 41 Rotates the mesh in the x y plane It is useful to
168. lot composition by inserting map objects or by drawing objects on the default page using the options of the Draw menu It may be more comfortable to load one of the predefined templates plt format via the Open option of the File menu Templates contain the definition of page size size position and type of plot objects size and position of other objects Save plot compositions in the FEPLOT specific plt file format Toolbar Most of the program handling can be done via the buttons in the toolbar Use these buttons to create a new plot to cm Ll d open or save a plot composition X Bs The cut copy and paste buttons work iden tically as in most other Windows applica tions Using copy and paste the whole plot composition or a parts of it can be transferred to other Windows pro 120 User s Manual Part grams maintaining full quality e g to save the plots as images using an imaging software or to include the plots into a report Hitting the delete button the currently selected objects are deleted from the plot composition as The print section of the toolbar offers the pos sibility to open a print preview and to print the plot composition to the currently active printer D Set the zoom factor for the working window using the zoom factor switch The help button invokes the FEPLOT online help system Having the arrow button activated objects can be sel
169. lotted features as necessary Simulation Time Candidate Time Step odas q ae i Current Time Step with candidate 20 0 00734056 days Show Fixed Reference ly 22 27 days Autostepping esse amp j Real Time Interval Figure 9 9 Simulation Time panel Tip To avoid unnecessary and potentially time con suming recomputation of interpolated plots it is often useful to temporarily deactivate synchronization espe cially when setting up a new presentation timeline in the autopilot see below Autostepping successively applies all time steps using the specified real time interval between steps hss concentration mgA zazurfaces 460 380 300 220 140 7300 days additional time may be used for recomputation of interpolated plot features It makes no distinction between short and long time steps and is mainly intended for a quick inspection of a FEFLOW simula tion record dac file before setting up an actual pre sentation timeline in the autopilot Autostepping can be started and stopped via the Simulation Time menu or Synchronization is automatically acti vated during autostepping or movie export BBVU HN TAUTA TOUTE VOTTT Figure 9 10 Plots FEFLOW 5 2 109 At most one cutout combination is pos E sible any cutout enabled plane is automati cally considered a member of that combination which could possibly include all six planes u
170. ls on this type of menu Here the necessary transport parameters are entered and important set tings for the computation of mass transport are made Different sorption isotherms Henry Lang muir and Freundlich two dispersion laws linear nonlinear and three dif ferent types of decay First order Michaelis Menten Decay chain are provided for selection Further information is available in the FEFLOW onlne Help For a detailed description of the treatment of chemical reactions in FEFLOW refer to the White Paper Chemical reactions Aquifer thickness Sorption Henry Coeff Molecular diffusion Transverse dispersivity Linear dispersion First order decay m Rate Source sink In Transfer rate Out Mesh v Global a cm A Elemental A Rubberbox Assien C e Porosity Volum heat capacity of fluid Volum heat capacity of solid Heat conductivity of fluid Heat conductivity of solid Longitudinal dispersivity Transverse dispersivity Source sink of fluid Source sink of solid In Transfer rate Out gem VW Global Inspector A Elemental A Rubberbox Assign Co EAEIETET ERS 5 9 4 Multi species transport The main features of multi species transport in FEFLOW are Unlimited number of chemical species Dissolved or sorbed species Pre defined reaction kinetics for degradation Arrhenius type and Monod reactions Graphica
171. lues Re enter the Problem editor If the simulation run shows that our flow only model works well we can now extend it to a flow and mass transport problem First we redefine the problem class accordingly 11 3 4 1 Problem class Change the Efl Problem Class to W Flow and mass transport Transient flow transient transport for an W Unconfined aquifer and leave the Problem class menu s If you have skipped the previous steps f please load the file q flux s2d c fem via the Load finite element problem option from the File menu before beginning this exer cise FEFLOW 5 2 145 11 3 4 2 Temporal amp control data In this menu we will set the parameters for the time stepping procedure during the simulation run and define the time varying functions for flow and trans port parameters to be assigned to the model Set the toggle for M Automatic time step control define an Initial time step of 0 001 d and al Final time of 7300 d To import and edit point related time varying data click the E Edit time varying power functions but ton The Power function editor window appears where time related functions can be interactively edited The so called Power functions are x y value pairs where the x values describe the time in days while the y values define the corresponding function value For example time varying functions are applied to pumping rates or time varying water levels in rivers or lakes As soon as funct
172. minus bottom The operations are applied to hydraulic head only All visualization methods of the Results viewer Sec tion 6 4 may be used for analyzing the difference dis tribution To retrieve the original data enter the special operations window again and choose the first option no spatial operation Reference Applies difference operations between computed results and reference distributions assigned before in the Reference distribution menu Section 5 10 Choose Difference Computed distribution minus selected reference to compare the computed distribution and the selected reference distribution If no reference distribution has been assigned this option is not available To return to the computed values select No reference operation or reset and retrieve original data 6 8 Control Output This menu controls the saving modes for the com putation results and the display of the current results during the simulation The upper section Data to file manages the saving of data to a file Record reduced data ASCII Observation point data only are recorded to a dar file Record complete data ASCII or binary Data are recorded to a dac file This option saves the complete data as needed by the Postprocessor Feflow Output File Control Menu Ed jocos Eec pene Figure 6 14 Output control Further options are available to select the Time steps between output or edit fixed time stages for which sav in
173. module entry while loading a FEM file it attaches the module automatically and restores the module data 12 2 4 2 Interface regionalization data base regionalization dialog Since regionalization can be considered a method applied to FEM problem data rather than an extension to an FEM problem modules of the Regionalization interface can be activated via graphical interaction ele ments in the Database Regionalization Menu If any regionalization modules have been registered a new toggle button appears among the internal region alization methods In An option menu allows the selection of the desired module If the mod ule supports own options you can edit them by pressing the options button a 4 otherwise the button will be disabled FEFLOW 5 2 181 182 User s Manual Part III Subject Index Numerics 3D options menu cut away viewer 99 overview 97 pathline controller 99 tricycler 97 visualize 98 3D pathlines 99 3D slice elevation menu 52 A about 28 adaptive mesh refinement a posteriori error estimator 49 activate 24 adaptive mesh error 49 add ins 33 add map 20 add ins TMesh 39 advancing front 39 anisotropy factor 61 aquifer thickness 63 aquifer top bottom elevation 61 assign see tools Autopilot 111 B boundary conditions 1st kind 57 64 2nd kind 57 3rd kind 57 64 Ath kind 57 64 Brooks Corey 62 browse file 92 budget analyzer contaminant flux mass 86 fluid flux mass 86 postproce
174. movie that would be obtained from it Note that an exported movie always conforms exactly to the user specified frame rate while the frame rate achieved during play back is usually much lower due to the real time computational demands Play back can be delivered with simulation time synchronization either activated or deactivated via the Synchronize toggle button in the Simulation Time panel or in the Simulation Time menu Activate for immediate application of each candidate simulation time setting and full visual simulation time feedback in the view window deactivate for simulation time feed back via candidate simulation time in the Simulation Time panel only In Synchronize mode substantial time may be required for the recomputation of interpo lated plots and fewer frames can be shown per second during play back The desired play back loop mode can be set using the Loop Mode toggle button in the Autopilot panel or in the Autopilot menu Play back is started stopped via the Play Stop button in the Autopilot panel or the Autopilot Play Stop menu command During play back the frame rate indicator in the Autopilot panel dynamically displays the number of frames actually rendered per second In nearly all prac tical cases this number will be less than the user speci fied target frame rate especially for view windows without hardware acceleration 9 2 9 6 Movie export Exporting the autopilot p
175. nation plumes toward a river Mass concentration shown as Continuous plot on an internal slice and as sosurfaces We We Figure 9 17 Draw down with velocity vectors Arrows and hydraulic head sosur faces Top slice shown as Faces with 5096 opacity to achieve translucency effect 116 User s Manual Part Figure 9 19 Internal hydraulic conductivity distribution Patches exposed by clipping and cutout planes combined with fences FEFLOW 5 2 117 118 User s Manual Part Figure 9 20 Aerial photograph Surface Map with hydraulic head Jsolines and Continuous plots Figure 9 21 Regional scale finite element mesh Edges with Continuous hydraulic head plot FEFLOW Tools 10 1 FEPLOT FEPLOT is a Windows based plot tool for spatially related FEFLOW output for ESRI shape files and for AutoCAD dxf files The handling of the program is mostly GIS oriented The import of OLE objects from other Windows applications in FEPLOT and vice versa is supported as is the interface to the Windows print environment 10 1 1 General settings All objects of a current plot are listed in the object tree on the left of the working window All toolbars as well as the object tree can be moved resized or hidden The settings of the page size are defined in the Page setup option of the File menu This option is available if you are working on an empty document or if you have loaded a template or a p1t file The
176. ndary conditions will be applied or where the density of the finite element mesh should vary Be aware that the shape and the size of the gener ated elements can differ between outer and inner regions of a superelement depending on the mesh gen erator type used As the rule if a more homogeneous mesh is desired graded and well formed superelements should be preferred see Figure 11 2 First of all we have to decide what kind of finite ele ments we want to use Open the amp y Options menu of the shell and ensure that amp Mesh triangulation is selected Triangulation has the advantage that you can create complex superelements containing as many bor der nodes as necessary The resulting flexibility in mesh design is often important for real world prob lems Using mesh quadrangulation a superelement cannot have more than four sides this is enforced auto matically by the Mesh editor All of the superelement mesh design is done in the Mesh editor which is entered via the amp y Edit menu of the shell Next background maps are loaded via the Quick access menu amp Add map or Map manager invoked by clicking the green colored part on the left side of the screen The maps are used as templates for 138 User s Manual Part Il the mesh creation process You will need the following maps model area lin outer borders of the model area e landuse lin land use wells shp location of the wells mass source lin s
177. new tran sient particle tracking can be used The tracks can be computed for the simulated time range or a specific time period Furthermore the particle start points or lines can be loaded and exported In contrast to previ ous FEFLOW versions the particle starting points on lines or around wells can be either distributed equally spaced or corresponding to the flux distribution FEFLOW 5 2 7 8 User s Manual FEFLOW Explorer Windows only FEFLOW Explorer allows visualizing FEFLOW model properties and simulation results in 3D Some of the features are automatic rotation fly over and video export Alternatively hardware accelerated or soft ware optimized OpenGL graphics can be used hiss c ancentration J m g 4 zazurfaces 450 350 250 150 n BBr1 4m Natural constraints FEFLOW allows setting natural constraints on the top and bottom slice to obviate a falling dry of the model or an increasing of the water table above the sur face The previous implementation was internally set ting first kind boundary conditions on the corresponding nodes Due to the first kind boundary condition not only the requested effect of a flow into or out of the model can result but also a flow in the oppo site direction can occur The new version now allows setting of an additional constraint condition to the boundary condition to avert this unwanted effect The user can now choose between water table and seep
178. ng of velocity vectors can be turned on and off and can be changed from lin ear to logarithmic scaling gt lt Legend Editor Mass concentration LJ EE zl zl E E LJ E zl onl E E zl E l Figure 6 6 Legend editor 6 2 Re Run Simulator Selecting this command the simulation is executed All major simulator actions are described by messages in the message bar on the lower part of the screen The progress of the computation steps can be observed on the Computational status bar Figure 6 7 Computational Status bar The simulator updates the current flow velocity pat tern and or mass fringed isolines whenever new results are available The update frequency can be limited by setting the number of time steps between updates to a value greater than one see Section 6 8 After each time step the simulation can be interrupted by hitting the Esc key or pressing the right mouse button When the simulation is interrupted different menu items or window manipulations are available The simulator can easily be restarted by clicking on Re Run Simulator again A restart is possible even when the final time has been reached In this case the simulator continues from the final stage and automati cally increases the absolute initial time The simulator uses an automatic resolution control to reduce numerical effort during the solution of the governing equation systems Depending on problem class and time st
179. ns The northern boundary lies in the clay region so not much water will enter the model domain from there We will model an inflow of 7 5e 02 m d using the second kind Neumann boundary condition Note the unit m d and the negative sign For a 2D horizontal confined model no information about the thickness of the aquifer is required so a parameter like the 2nd kind boundary condition has to be considered as depth integrated velocity m d x thickness m depth integrated velocity m d Activate the Assign M Border tool and choose El Flux 2nd kind See Figure 11 5 for the location of the boundary conditions The rivers will be described by a third kind Cauchy boundary condition Transfer For this kind of boundary condition you have to define a spatially variable Reference Hydraulic Head in the flow bound aries menu describing the water table in the river The flow between this surface water and the groundwater body is must pass through a colmation layer which This step is recom mended in order to test the suitability of the mesh and the quality of the flow parameters Even if the real hydraulic regime is unconfined it is useful to test the model under confined conditions first because the computa tional effort is smaller and therefore the simulation is much faster nate system before the interpolation in the lower left corner of the screen The setting should be global conditions inflo
180. o a small value for the aquitard Table 11 9 Additional flow material settings for 3D conduc2d trp conduc2d trp ye LOe 06 m 1 0e 06 m s 1 0e 06 m s 1 0e 06 m s Layer 5 1 0e 03 m s 11 4 3 4 Assigning and checking the transport data Mass Transport Initials No changes are necessary Mass Transport Boundaries The contaminant mass conditions are applied only at the top slice Efl Erase the contaminant sites from the second slice and Copy those parameter settings to the underlaying slices The freshwater boundary con ditions should only remain at the border sections where flow boundary conditions are imposed Part I 1 0e 06 m s 1 0e 06 m s 1 0e 07 m s 1 0e 03 m s Yee 1 0e 03 m s Mass Materials Change the Porosity for the clay aquitard to 0 05 except for the area with the hydrogeologic window 0 2 The storativity of the lower aquifer should be set to 0 2 too You can now run the simulation Do not forget to save the FEM file before running otherwise the initial distributions for hydraulic head and mass concentration will be lost once the simulation starts Save the simula tion output in a DAC file via the options of the Control output menu of the simulator Be sure to define all desired Ef Control output settings before starting the simulation run 11 4 4 Step 3 Postprocessing in 3D After the simulation has finished enter the Postprocessor Load the dac fi
181. ode For color settings in pseudo color mode pud refer to the FEFLOW online help a EXER Figure 1 5 Map ID editor The left part of the Map ID Editor shows a list of all IDs of the current map The IDs can be switched on and off for the view using the respective button on the left If one or several of the IDs have been selected their properties can be changed in the right part of the win dow The seven switches should be self explanatory a detailed description can be found in the online help Note that transparent polygon filling 1s obtained using the last entry in the Fill style section B i I UEZ L If several IDs have been selected containing differ ent settings for an option a multi selection icon is shown CEE Click the Apply button to apply the changes 1 7 3D Options This menu is invoked by clicking the green button in the lower left corner of the working window The 3D Options menu allows the visualization of a three dimensional problem as line and fringe drawings for conductivity values hydraulic head saturation mois FEFLOW 3D pcpeter Groundwater Mass Transport Model 3D demo_transport_3d dac Fluid flu Special q Reflect about History of obs To problem euivor Continue simulation Help Exit to master menu DLL K fe Low feH Low feH Low fef Loi Fal pS 5 Slice X 4084 4387 x Y 2354 5588 EI ture content velocity mass or heat distributions
182. of the Window Additionally to the zooming functions the working window can be adjusted by specifying width and exag geration of the view Besides editing the values directly some functions are provided in pop up menus which can be invoked by clicking on one of the arrows Working Changes in prob lem width or exag geration made using the display options affect only the model view Use the Problem Measure menu to change coordi nates or physical extent FEFLOW 5 2 15 16 User s Manual Part 1 6 The Map Manager The map manager is a comfortable tool to handle different types of background maps ASCII point line and polygon files ESRI shape files CAD data and image files It is opened via the Quick Access Menu or the File menu Py Feflow Background Map Manager E3 Map manager EX E Le demo obs pnts pnt I Figure 1 4 Map manager For the procedure of adding maps please have a look at the Demonstration Exercise In the map manager all currently loaded maps are listed The uppermost map in the list is shown in the background whereas the lowest one forms the fore ground At the left side of each map title a small button allows to switch maps on and off for the view Select ing a map and clicking the Colors button opens the Map ID editor which offers functionality to set numer ous display options for the map Please note that the following description is only valid for the true color display m
183. ollowing indicators display the current memory requirements for the finite element mesh and for the graphics vertices without OpenGL display lists respectively On the far right the current amount of available physical RAM 1s shown 102 User s Manual Part 9 2 Workflow 9 2 1 Accessing FEFLOW data A FEFLOW Explorer fex document contains a reference to a FEFLOW data fem or dac file together with visualization information for each view window that existed at the moment the fex file was saved The native location of a fex file is in the importtexport directory of a FEFLOW project There are three ways to access an existing FEFLOW data fem or dac file 1 The data em or dac file can be opened directly via the File Open menu command or the amp Open toolbar button and a new FEFLOW Explorer fex document is auto matically created A new FEFLOW Explorer fex document can be created explicitly via the File New menu command or the New toolbar but ton and the user will be prompted for an exist ing FEFLOW data fem or dac file that is to be visualized An existing FEFLOW Explorer fex docu ment can be opened via the File Open menu command or the amp Open toolbar button and the data fem or dac file referenced therein will be used 2 3 A summary of properties for the currently loaded FEFLOW data file can be displayed using the Fi
184. on Different components of the view such as isosur faces or background maps can be turned on and off and can be given user specified names The Properties button invokes a submenu where Isosurface levels General Drawing options Mesh and the shading colors Color can be set The Tricycler is visible during the whole 3D options session Click on Exiting rotation to return to the 2D visualization click on Help for detailed online Help FEFLOW 5 2 97 98 User s Manual Part Rotation and zooming of the body of the model is also possible via mouse and keyboard commands The message bar below the working window displays the necessary information 8 3 Visualize You can visualize the model domain in 3D in differ ent view modes body isolines fringed isolines In each of the view modes one of the model param eters can be chosen hydraulic head pressure mass temperature velocity saturation moisture content reference distributions and material parameters conductivity Some of the view modes can be combined for e isosurfaces and fences FEFLOW 3D pcpe oundwater Mass Transport Model 3D qmass_s3d_c dac r Background maps Browse file View results at 1 000e 003 d Budget Fluid flux analyzer example you can visualize fringed isolines for the hydraulic head and add isosurfaces for the contaminant mass Special operat
185. on scheme which is 2nd order in time For variably satu rated problems the Aggressive target based time marching scheme either fully implicit or semi implicit may provide an effective solution strategy Pushing the button Specific options for time step control schemes constraints and specific options for the automatic time stepping process can be set Level to switch to CN scheme Sets the level to switch to Crank Nicolson CN higher order scheme not applicable to automatic time step control The default is 2000 This means that up to the 2000 time step a standard fully implicit time stepping scheme with first order accuracy is used Sub sequently the second order accurate CN scheme is employed While the implicit scheme is uncondition ally stable the CN scheme can cause oscillations Error and convergence criteria The Error tolerance controls termination of the iterative procedure for both nonlinear density coupled flow and transport nonlinear processes in unconfined aquifers and nonlinear flows for unsaturated media Note that the error is dimensionless Its default value is 0 001 The parameter has no meaning for linear e g horizontal and or confined problems Setting a smaller values enforces higher accuracy and implies increased numerical effort 1 e more iterations before termina tion The error norms are defined as follows The Euclidean L integral root mean square RMS error norm is the default error
186. on is displayed automatically as a time value plot Power functions are used for time varying functions such as varying time steps this chapter time varying boundary conditions or material parame ters Each power function is identified by an integer ID These IDs are listed in the Flow data menus and can be assigned directly or interpolated on the mesh as bound ary conditions constraints or material parameters To each function you can add a comment e g the name of an associated well Feflow Power Functions Editor Time varying power functions editor EL c Polylined f Edit Delete all unused entries Emone PROS yen Delete selected ID entry Figure 5 4 Time varying power functions editor There are different types for the curves Polyline the value pairs time function values are connected by linear interpolation Constant the function values define a stepwise constant function For the ramp steepness an inter nal value of 89 994 is used Akima uses a third order polygonal smoothing based on the given values Akima2 smooths the function using additional middle nodes Each function can be applied in one of two time modes non cyclic cyclic In non cyclic mode the function value is held con stant after the simulation time has reached the last time value defined in the time varying function In cyclic mode the function is applied again from its beginning and until the simulation ends Use th
187. on of the map object on the page is specified Classify Classification is a basic operation in geographical information systems GIS Attribute data for the dif ferent lines points or polygons in the file is grouped to classes which are displayed in different colors or with different styles For classification a column of the attribute data has to be selected using the Attribute switch In the lower part of the window four different options are available for the classification e Single creates one class containing all items Record creates a class for each item e Stage creates a class for each different value appearing in the selected attribute column Range divides the values in a prescribed number Classes of equally spaced classes For the attribute type Numeric the minimum and maxi mum values can be chosen manually and the clas 122 User s Manual Part sification can be performed based on logarithmic data Classify x Attribute info Identifiers Attribute THICKNESS 234 Thickness 18 55 m EE 234 Thickness 19 00 m Thi Camel Type Numerie Thickness 19 45 m Thi Hep Number of records 43 J Thickness 19 90 m Thi Thickness 20 35 m Thi Number of stages 40 Z Thickness 20 80 m Thi 234 Thickness 21 25 m Thi Min value nel EERENS Thickness 21 70 m Thi Max value 32 96 234 Thickness 22 15 m Thi Classify C Sing
188. opography and land use The area under consideration is situated in the east of Friedrichshagen a small town southeast of Berlin The area is bounded in the south by lake M ggelsee in the west by the river Friedrichshagener Miuhlenflief and in the east by the river Neuenhagener Muhlenflief The northern boundary follows a groundwater contour line in east west direction While the hilly northern part of the area is used mainly for agriculture the plain southern part is cov ered by forest Two towns are located in the study area Friedrichshagen lies in the south west adjacent to the lake Neuenhagen is situated in the north east border ing the forest and partly located above a waste deposit site An industrial area in the north west includes a sewage treatment plant In the south east near the lake the city of Friedrichshagen has installed a well gallery consisting of four wells for pumping drinking water Geology hydrogeology The geology of the area is characterized by quater nary sediments The hilly area in the north is built up by outcropping glacial sediments clays and overlaying sands A flow channel filled with poorly sorted sand comes down from the north dividing the area in two 136 User s Manual Part II parts These structures are eroded and or covered by allu vial and aeolian sands in the southern part of the area While the glacial clays are aquitards the top layer of sandy sediments with a thickness of u
189. ore intuitive than using the panel is direct object positioning by mouse Object handles can be displayed via the Handles toggle button to assist in mouse controlled positioning Figure 9 3 Cursor modes are set using the respective toolbar buttons or via the View menu The default cursor mode Rotate C tool allows to capture the object by pressing the left mouse button while the cursor is over the object or over an object handle Subsequent mouse movements rotate the object about its center until the left mouse button is released During the rotation the object sticks exactly to the cursor as long as the cur sor remains within the translucent green ring displayed during capture Figure 9 3 The green ring connects the points where the currently captured object position will rotate out of view forcing a capture loss for that position With the middle mouse button or the mouse wheel pressed the object can be captured and moved within the view plane producing a panning of the view A separate Pan tool is provided in case the mouse has only two buttons Turning the mouse wheel while keeping the SHIFT key pressed spins the object in 10 increments Press ing both SHIFT and CTRL keys allows fine adjusting in 1 increments using the mouse wheel The cursor Zoom 4 tool to drag open a rectangu lar area within the view window which is interpreted to have the screen depth of the object center Upon releas ing th
190. oreferencing and rectifying raster images Start Parameter fitting program starts the parameter fitting program FE LM included with FEFLOW Start X window dump opens a small submenu to execute a window dump Menus or the display of the working window can be dumped and saved in a xwd file Windows users may prefer to add screen dumps to the clipboard by simply hitting lt Alt gt Print Screens Disk space displays a message window indicating the remain ing hard disk space in the partition containing the cur rent working directory 2 10 Window Menu This menu allows you to acti vate the Log messages and the Time recording windows for the simulation run The Time record ing window reports the CPU and system times needed for each com putational step during a simulation run Normally this option is not set as it is needed only in specific cases The Log messages window lists the error messages and alerts of the program The Debug window replaces the UNIX console on Windows systems for developing purposes It is possi ble to place messages in this window via interface manager commands see Section 12 Log messages Time recording Debug window 2 11 Info Menu This menu gives an overview over system resources problem specific information and provides access to the top level of the online Help Section Fig ure 2 7 Help Help invokes the FEFLOW online Help Show file pop up window
191. ower_api dll File name tesi My N etwork Files of type Binary Modules dll Register proc Directory C Program Files WASYSFEFLOW 5 1 module Figure 12 4 File selection box Programmers are kindly asked to print the full Program ming Interface manual from the DVD and to use the detailed context sensitive online Help FEFLOW 5 2 179 successful the IFM tries to resolve the symbol speci fied in the Register proc field By default all modules should provide the routine RegisterModule Other wise you have to obtain the name of the registration function through additional information like a README file a letter etc 12 2 3 Module properties Usually the module properties dialog of a binary format module is read only because changing of prop erties would require the recompilation of the module Figure 12 5 However you can use the dialog to enter a new module location after the module has been moved to another directory Properties Pest RegisterModule k E PEST Parameter ESTimator module Based on PEST version 2 04 1985 By J Doherty Watermark Computing Corinda Australia Figure 12 5 Properties dialog 180 User s Manual Part III 12 2 4 How to use external modules 12 2 4 1 Interface simulation attaching a module to a FEM problem Each module that extends the functionality of a FEM problem will be activated with th
192. p object which is described in detail below Drawing properties of a map object The drawing properties window is organized in five different tabs Layers In the Layers tab layers can be added or removed from a map object A file loaded using Add can con tain one or several layers depending on the file type Use the Up and Down buttons to sort the layers Info displays some basic information about the layer The Classify button which is enabled for maps con taining attribute data opens another window called Classify to describe the classification of the layer based on attribute data The classification 1s used for the coloring e g for fringed maps or isoline drawings and for the legend See the detailed description of the classifying process below With Layer title a title can be specified different from the file name which is set by default The title is used for the legend With hide layer activated the layer will not be drawn neither on screen nor in printed output Drawing Properties of Map Objecti x Layer Attributes Scale Background Position Laver Remove thick zd shp wlevel s shp Up Down Classify Info Veal rec shp Hide layer Tite fiversshp O OE Abbrechen bemehmen Hilfe Figure 10 1 Drawing properties Layers tab Attributes The Attributes tab provides functionality for edit ing the colors and display options of the diff
193. p to 5 m can be characterized as a good unconfined aquifer A second lower aquifer is situated below the clay sediments with a thickness of up to 30 meters 11 2 1 The task For this fictitious scenario we assume that in 1988 an elevated concentration of nitrate has been detected in the drinking water of Friedrichshagen Two of the four pumping wells became contaminated The town accuses the sewage treatment plant as contaminator The plant was built in 1971 Another possible source is seen in the Neuenhagen waste deposit in use since 1974 We will simulate the spreading of contaminant mass from the two potential contamination sites begin ning in 1971 to help answer the following questions 1 Who is the most likely contaminator plant constructed in 1971 northwest of the wells waste deposit in existence since 1974 northeast of the wells both neither 2 Will the lake be contaminated 3 Has the peak contamination already passed or will concentration levels increase further L O 2 Q 1 LL LLI LL I c 2 ge O Lu A L D O o X Ww x ux 9 Na Oo 2 LL River Friedrichshagener M hlenfliefs Waste Disposal Sewage Plant ee 5 BEER EDEN A N AAAA AAAA Ru tat o RTI SEES AERE m e e e AEREE ete Rm ete es pone RM E EREE I EEI iddaum eden ir RUSO ITE Lad PEIEE Meses E EEEE dO Foo MM TEE Ru See e ret on EE o e t
194. parameters that control the stability and accuracy of the simulation are defined here The parameters include number of time steps type of time stepping final time level to switch to Crank Nicholson CN higher order scheme error tolerance and conver gence criteria types of upwinding and nature of the time varying functions Feflow Temporal amp Control Data Menu x Temporal amp control data Figure 5 3 Temporal amp control data Time steps Transient simulations require temporal discretiza tion You can choose between Constant time steps Varying time steps and Automatic time step control This last choice also allows to you select between dif ferent adaptive schemes For constant time steps the default setting is 1 day Note that time steps are not applicable for steady state problems Constant time steps usually reduce the numerical effort during the simulation because the simulator can use efficient resolution techniques This avoids updat ing the matrix system for linear problems in a time step marching process Varying time steps can be entered directly in a Time step editor or may be imported from a database The Automatic time step control can be per formed using either the Forward Euler backward Euler FE BE time integration scheme which is 1st order in time often appropriate for density driven and unsaturated problems or the Forward Adams Bash forth backward trapezoid AB TR time integrati
195. putation You can export the results as Efl 2D projections in different file formats using the Data Store Manager or as 3D screen dump hit lt Alt gt lt X gt on UNIX lt Alt gt Print on PC Manipulate the setting of the M isochrone mark ers E Set and change the default El Options for the Pathline Outfit 4937 832 4602 558 Figure 11 32 3D pathline controller After having analyzed the model and stored the results exit the 3D Options menu by clicking on EA Exiting rotation in the Tricycler window 170 User s Manual Part Il 11 4 6 Final remarks The simulation of the 3D model shows a much more complex situation than the 2D model had indicated The aquitard leads to different migration paths of the contaminant plumes in the two aquifers For the model to better reflect the reality it would seem prudent to take one more step the temporal variance of the data should be incorporated The assigning procedure is basically the same as for the transient 2D model If you have questions please refer to the context sensitive online Help which is invoked by hitting F1 or click ing on the Help button To better understand the theo retical background of the modeling approach and its implementation in FEFLOW please consult the Refer ence Manual If you have any further questions please contact your local distributor 11 5 List of files Table 11 10 List of all files for importing problem specific data in FEF
196. r FEPLOT which you Can import Drawing Properties of FEFLOW Plot Layer Attributes Scale Background Position PC Users Open the amp Quick access menu or the File shell menu and select the Print option UNIX Users Start the PC where FEPLOT has been installed and click on the FEPLOT icon in the Wasy folder of the Start menu FEPLOT starts and displays an empty page Enter the amp File menu and select amp Open A ENS a eee file selector pops up Figure 11 16 Drawing properties of a map object Choose the file scenario plt from the exercise plot directory A so called map object containing a Once you have added a FEFLOW plot ds shape view of the model area is displayed A map object file you can control the visualization by classifying the represents a georeferenced stack of files of differ attribute data ent formats like ESRI shape file ASCII topology e Click on the Ef Classify button in the Layer files Arc Info and FEFLOW compatible and folder of the Properties menu The Classifier FEFLOW p1x plot files pops up To overlay other files on the current map object e Right click on the map object and select sm Properties The Properties dialog pops up eee Loewe You are in the Layer folder now All currently Number of records E loaded files are listed c e Click on the Efl Add button A file selector menu HERR all El pops up
197. r of data points is N The estimated dependent value is obtained from a model function y x p utilizing the parameter vector p Dividing the difference between measured and esti mated dependent variable by the measurement standard deviation o results in normalized unitless residuals and makes q values better suitable for comparison Measurement standard deviation values are either sup plied by the user or will be estimated from the respec tive data set see below Weighting factors are included to permit data point or data set weighting that is unrelated to the certainty of the measured values for example to compensate for variations in measurement density within a set or for a difference in the number of data points between sets 10 2 3 Data input file FE LM expects at least one set of two column x y data where x is the independent variable If a line contains more than two numbers the third and or fourth value will be read as an individual measurement standard deviation o and or squared residual weight FEFLOW 5 2 123 ing factor w for data point 7 To distinguish a stan dard deviation value from a weighting factor in the file the latter must be preceded without a space in between by an asterisk If both o and w are given the asterisk can be omitted In this case the four numbers on the line are taken to be in the order x y Oi and Wi While the standard deviation values are considered a
198. r the first group it becomes very easy simply reg istering the module at its location According to the interface specification inside the module it will be inte grated in FEFLOW s graphical environment Through additional interface elements like buttons lists etc the user can select among both built in and module pro vided functionality For programmers FEFLOW provides the Interface Manager as a comfortable CASE tool for e Creating and managing projects to build FEFLOW conform modules Generating source code for module registration and for all module entry points callbacks e Saving and loading module related data into and from FEM files Calling selectively the module for interface spe cific events Getting and setting FEM problem data materials boundary conditions results e Using FEFLOW s graphical environment for data displaying Using FEFLOW s HTML based help system for documentation Popping up own dialogs for graphical user interac tion e Saving and restoring module related user prefer ences in a personal profile An interface consists of a set of available callback functions Each callback function or callback for short will be called from a different point of FEFLOW s pro gram flow For instance the callback PreTimeStep will be called immediately before the simulation loop starts a new time step Refer to the FEFLOW online help for a complete reference to all supported callback fun
199. r thickness which may change with the moving water level Select Options in the tools list below the mesh inspector icon the boundary con dition type Ef Flux 2nd kind and Constant flux area from the appearing submenu and close the sub menu clicking Ef OK Assign a value of 0 05 m d along the northern border choosing the Assign W Border tool and clicking E Flux 2nd kind The symbols for flux boundary conditions should be dis played with an additional integral sign We have to replace time constant by time varying boundaries with some constraints The four wells will get time varying pumping rates Activate the 2 Assign M Database option using the same settings as before M Akima linear 3 neighbors 0 over undershooting This time import the file well time funcs trp via the Ef Import powerfunction IDs option from the lower right button group Start the regionalization click on Efl Well 4th kind choose interactive and hit lt F2 gt The time varying boundary conditions are set You can check the settings with the help of the Efl Mesh inspector zoom in first to locate the node of the well exactly As the screens of the wells do not reach to the aqui fer bottom we have to set a potential constraint ensur ing that well drawdown is limited to the depth of the lower end of the respective well screen Conversely a rising water table must not get too close to the ground surface We thus ha
200. raction of matrix 1 Poros i Volumetric heat capac Heat capacity times density of ity ity of solid solid Sorption coefficient Sorbed materials described by m Henry Langmuir and Freund Heat conductivity of Fourier s heat conductivity chee cane solid coefficient of the solid Molecular diffusion Diffusion of a chemical in solu Longitudinal dispersiv Thermo dispersivity in longitu tion ity dinal flow direction Longitudinal dispersiv Spreading of a chemical due to Transverse dispersivity Thermo dispersivity orthogo ity heterogeneity of the porous nal to the flow direction Ss oe een Source b Sik of Thermal supply of fluid Transverse dispersivity Spreading of a chemical due to fluid heterogeneity of the porous medium in the direction orthog Source Sink of Thermal supply of solid onal to the flow solid Dispersion parameter Parameter for nonlinear non beta Fickian dispersion law flux Decay rate Rate of contaminant decay due to biodegradation or radioactiv ity Source Sink Spatially varying in outflux of contaminant mass Transfer rate Transition resistance for con taminant mass flux a for species bound to the solid phase in multi species transport only FEFLOW 5 2 69 70 User s Manual Part 5 10 Reference Data You can insert and edit reference data such as observation points grouped balance points sections or fence segments and nodal distributions
201. ragging the middle node smaller quadrilaterals of a superelement boundary line Simultaneous hitting of lt F4 gt creates circular boundaries Selecting the middle node and hitting lt F3 gt resets the curves to straight lines The edge attributes linear or parabolic are saved to the supermesh file Geotransformation FEFLOW provides an interface to different geo graphical transformation routines FEFLOW comes by default with an affine transformation algorithm in x y and z directions The corresponding input dialog appears under the Transform mesh submenu of the Mesh geometry menu The target system and the transformation parameters can be defined in a separate dialog after clicking the Options button Geographic Mesh Transformation Affine Transformation Original Figure 3 2 Mesh transformation dialog Additional methods especially for Germany are available and can be licensed separately Alternatively it is possible for each user to develop his own transfor mation routines In case of need contact WASY for further information 3 3 Continue Polygon Design This part of the old Mesh editor allows you to make changes and additions to a superelement mesh You can place nodes and change lines to make them curved circular or straight just as described for the new mesh editor However there are some differences com pared to the New Mesh Editor e g it is not possible to zoom or pan the mesh during the mes
202. re 000185e 001 isted in 008223e 004 di 085867e 001 ascending 152529e 001 order The cur 249674e 001 rently selected 392678e 001 ime sep d a highlighted in O6614e 00 red color Initially Figure 7 1 File browser the last step of the simulation is selected By using the browser you can select different time levels for the Postprocessor evaluation If you wish to change the current time level select the corresponding list entry and press the Apply button The Cancel button keeps the Postpro cessor at the previous time level 7 5 View Results at Current Time Level Various postprocessor options are available to view and export the computational results at the selected time level The Results viewer window corresponds with the Halt and view results window of the Simula tor Section 6 4 To end viewing select the Exit button in the submenu For more detailed information see the identical Halt and view results option of the Simulator menu Section 6 4 or the FEFLOW online Help 7 6 Budget This item is identical to the Budget menu of the Simulator menu Section 6 5 except that in the Post processor the budget can also be analyzed over time periods displaying the flux quantities as diagrams for a simulated time period The time histories of the fluxes O m3 d QO g d Q J d and the fluid masses M n contaminant masses g or energy J accumu lated during the selected time period are comp
203. re a maximum reaction velocity has to be considered The pre defined equation supports three terms User defined For more complex cases where the default equa tions are not sufficient the FEMATHED reaction kinetics editor to define user specific equations is available For detailed context sensitive help in the edi tor choose Help What s this and click the part of the dialog you need help for A toolbox will show back ground information Additionally tool tips are available just moving the mouse over a button There are five different tool bars in the editor which can be switched on and off by right clicking one of the tool bars File handling commands joe Ole e amp The first tool bar provides basic functionality like loading equations from a file qme saving equa tions to a file creating new equations undo and redo functions cut copy and paste Handling of colored variables IFoo The second tool bar offers internal FEFLOW parameters for inserting into an equation Blue parame ters are based on initial parameters or simulation results of the last time step in this case concentrations and saturation at each node of the finite element mesh Green parameters are user defined parameters in this case the reaction rates for the different species and the porosities solid volume fractions Choose a parameter to insert it at the cursor location Insertion of formula elements and templates 0 Oy
204. re situated We recommend to refine the area between the wells and the lakeside using the Assign M Border tool The example mesh2 3 fem demonstrates how it could look after refinement Afterwards the middle polygons along the potential contaminant flow path have to be refined by A Join Finally try l Assign W Single to refine the area between the two flow paths Finish the meshing process by entering the E Check properties menu Check the number of W Obtuse angled triangles Obtuse angled triangles are disadvantageous for the numerical solution process and should therefore be avoided if possible The mesh should now look similar mesh2 4 fem Figure 11 3 and contain more than 8000 triangles FEFLOW 5 2 139 eA A A ON AEX SSS ZIK P T K XE WS Aa ENESA Saatava 7a TATATA YAVAVA VATA TAVAT NN S 3 IORA SIS SN UU INGOKKDISC OU RJSISAA KER SANT ASK VSS seni HN NI d SX TS S er lt E CK ES IVA Ey CV AZ AO SN eS KS Q E A e CK STA Ss ax NAAN WAZ yaaa Sed A AIS YD EIS SS PA KIN Kj X3 x Va AA AJ cL CORE ALS T TEENS y ee Begs z ES TREE zT X e geo LT NEN CSS EE aK N SS Xy MV NAM GE EE ec o X NI ZX YA A jp ad V OC a a AVAY SESE WAV AVAY EROS NIS FAVA SERIO AVAAN G B zoo V A i F ER wi AN D ZOS ZA va Tx ma ae d K P E V KA BCR g
205. resentation of the active view to a movie is a straight forward procedure that involves the following steps 1 Adjust the view window by mouse dragging the window edges to the desired width and height of the movie The current window size is shown as Frame Size in the Autopilot panel Note that the actual movie frame size may be up to three pixels smaller in each direction as width and height are internally enforced to be multi ples of four pixels 2 Enter the desired frame rate for the movie in the Autopilot panel 3 Push the Export AVI toolbar button or invoke the File Export Movie menu com mand A warning message will appear if the active view window is not completely exposed e g partly overlapped by control bars 4 Specify directory and file name for the avi file to be created 5 A dialog displays a list of the encoding codecs available on the local Windows system Select a codec and optionally adjust its parameters typi cally a trade off between quality and compres FEFLOW 5 2 115 sion i e better quality requiring a larger avi file 6 A notification dialog reminds to leave the view window unobscured Confirm to start rendering the movie avi file To prematurely terminate the rendering process press any key 9 3 Example Snapshots Figures 9 17 through 9 21 show FEFLOW Explorer output obtained via the image export function Section 9 2 8 Figure 9 18 Contami
206. ring with previous slices Create three layers four slices by entering the value in the corre sponding input field Figure 11 22 and hitting Enter The Slice partitioner pops up Figure 11 23 where you can decide where the new slices should be positioned Figure 11 23 a c place them below the bottom slice Next we should have a look at the data flow dia grams to the right of the layer configurator It shows that the slice information of the former top slice layer is inherited by the new one The same is valid for the bottom slice layer 162 User s Manual Part Il 11 4 2 1 3D slice elevation Leave the Layer configurator via the Ef Okay button The explicit assigning of z elevations for every node at a slice is done via the Ef 3D slice elevation menu of the Problem editor Here you can select every slice and assign the z elevations using the stan dard tools of FEFLOW Select the slices by clicking on the corresponding numbers in the ayers amp slices browser and Assign F3 Akima linear m 0 over undershooting the databases according to the list Table 11 7 Start with the lowest slice in order to avoid intersections with the other slices In case of an intersection due to the inter polation method an alert box pops up offering to insert a minimum decrement between the intersecting slices at the critical nodes Table 11 7 z elevations database 4 bottom slice 3 database bot san2 trp 3 bot claytp
207. rmat which is faster in writing and reading or in ASCII file format which can be read and even edited using any text editor 11 3 3 Step 3 Let s test it 11 3 3 1 Running the simulator Leave the Problem Editor and enter the Simulator menu Run amp JStart simulator As a first test we only want to see whether our mesh is designed well and if our input data for the hydraulic parameters give realistic results We start the simulator by clicking on the Ef Re Run simulator command 11 3 3 2 Halt and view results After the simulation has finished activate the Results viewer by clicking on ES Halt amp view results and select M Particle tracking Try the different items available in the Efl Options submenu Check the veloc ity field If the pathlines suggest that there are imper meable sections in the model you likely made a mistake in designing the superelements Activate one of the line segments you have cre ated in Line sections amp segments and display dia grams for the hydraulic head distribution Leave the Halt amp view results menu and select the E Budget menu Calcu late a flow balance for the whole area Check whether the values are realistic The total imbalance should be approximately zero for this steady state simulation Figure 11 8 Particle tracking 11 3 4 Step 4 Back to the problem editor and run again Leave the simulator and load the saved fem file or to retrieve the initial va
208. rmation about the loaded model and the numerical characteristics used during the simulation In loading the postprocessor file all saved time steps will be automatically browsed through and listed After a successful loading the postprocessor is positioned at the last saved time step Any saved time step can be selected using Ef Browse file button The analyzing tools are similar to that of the simulator menu The next graphics displays some of the visualization options which are available in the Efl View results menu View results Use this option of the Results viewer for different time steps selected in the El Browse file submenu Click on El Line sections amp segments to create some cross sections for displaying the hydraulic head or mass distribution The backward particle tracking mode using the multiple pathline around single well option should give us an indication from which sites the contamina tion arrives at the wells You can resize the diagram windows during the compu tation but the displayed dia grams will be refreshed and resized only when FEFLOW has free capacity It is thus generally better to resize the windows before starting the numerical computation the previous steps please load the file 2d qmass s2d c fem via the Load finite element prob lem option from the File menu before beginning this exercise If you have skipped Particle tracking is always performed based on the flow fi
209. s measurement related and thus fixed the weighting factors in the input file serve as initial values and can later be modified by the user via the FE LM interface to control the curve fit Note that o values have the same units as the data while w values are unitless The first line of a data set can be a set header con taining the names of the independent and dependent variables respectively separated by at least one space A name containing spaces must be enclosed in quota tion marks as in Time min Generic x and y labels will be assigned to all data sets for which no labels are given One or two numeric value s can fol low or replace the two labels on the same line and will be interpreted as a measurement standard devia tion and or as a weighting factor value preceded by a that apply applies to all data points in that set Again 1f both are given the asterisk 1s optional unless there are no text labels present on the respective line With no text present and both set wide standard devia tion and weighting factor values specified the asterisk preceding the weighting factor is essential to distin guish the set header from a line containing an x y data point Set wide weighting factors permit inter set weight ing when fitting multiple data sets simultaneously The default value for the set wide weighting factor is 1 0 Individually specified w values are multiplied with the respective set wide value
210. s you to define control and plot the elevations of the single slices in a 3D problem Use the z coordinates button to assign the eleva tions to the nodes Besides the Global and Nodal mode a linear interpolation method Skew plane and different regionalization methods for imported data Database are available Click Reconfigure 3D task to enter the Layer con figurator window The Layer configurator allows you to visualize and modify the different layers and slices and their elevations in a 3D model see Section 11 4 2 To avoid intersection of slices during the assigning of z elevations a minimal slice distance can be defined in the Slice distance modifier Feflow Slice Distance Modifier Menu x Slice distance modifier Figure 5 7 Slice distance modifier For more detailed explanations see FEFLOW online Help 5 5 Flow Data Initial conditions boundary conditions and flow material parameters can be displayed and edited Pushing the Flow data button in the Problem Editor menu invokes the Flow data submenu The first item Flow initials opens a submenu for assigning and viewing the initial hydraulic head condi tions More information about this item is available in Section 5 6 The Flow bound aries option enables you to edit first sec ond third and fourth type boundary Flow initials Flow boundaries Flow materials conditions and con Return straints n a separate su
211. scarded via the respective buttons The Show legend checkbox becomes enabled if the currently selected plot style is actually visible all required checkmarks are set in the Plots panel and the view window is of sufficient width and height to hold the legend Legends automatically adjust themselves within certain limits to changes in view window height Whenever no tree leaf is selected in the P ots panel tree the Plot Control panel gives access to the gray level of the background of the active view which can be set to any value between white and black All plot style settings are saved with the current FEFLOW Explorer fex document 9 2 6 Transient data When visualizing FEFLOW simulation records dac files for transient problems the time step to be visualized in the active view window can be selected via the Simulation Time panel Figure 9 9 In contrast to navigation settings which can be applied virtually instantaneously applying a new simu lation time step may require some time especially when plotting interpolated features such as isolines fringes or isosurfaces The Synchronize toggle but ton in the Simulation Time panel and in the Simula tion Time menu is intended to either prevent or enforce immediate application of a newly selected can didate time step In Synchronize mode each newly selected candidate time immediately becomes the cur rent time step forcing a recomputation of all p
212. sed to enter geomet New mesh editor Continue polygon design ric data for a ground water flow and transport model It is the first menu you use UES v Inactive Active when creating a new ee Ey model Here you Add in lines points design the superele es T ment mesh which rep opy superelements resents the geometry of the study area 1 e the outer and inner borders of the ground water model Super Start mesh generator elements are the basis Help for creating a finite element mesh The Mesh editor contains tools to design the superelements The number of superelements can be arbitrary Correct superelements Erase superelements Problem measure Restart mesh editor Exit to master menu The Mesh editor is connected with the Mesh gen erator The Mesh generator is used to interactively mesh superelements with triangular or quadrilateral finite elements Type and form of the superelements depend on the mesh type selected in the Options menu of the Shell Section 2 6 If you use Mesh quadrangulation you should note that each superelement is automatically closed after the fourth vertex has been set For Mesh triangulation default the superelement can have an arbitrary num ber of vertices allowing a more complex design Superelements are drawn by mouse on a blank screen or on a background map The keyboard can be used to specify exact coordinates Meshes or patches of superelements can be easily corrected
213. sing the Autostepping toggle button in the Simula tion Time panel A time step indicator can be displayed in the view window via the View Show menu or using the Show checkbox in the Simulation Time panel For dynamic mesh simulations the initial extent of the object model domain is used as the reference for all relative navigation settings Consequently those portions of the mesh whose positions do not change with simulation time will remain fixed within the view window as well Alternatively the object can be auto matically recentered with respect to the current naviga tion setting every time a new time step becomes current The Fixed Reference checkbox in the Simu lation Time panel or the respective toggle command in the Simulation Time menu can be used to select the desired behavior 9 2 7 Cutting the model domain Up to six planes can be arbitrarily defined and com bined in each view window to expose data otherwise hidden within the model domain Each of the six planes of the active view can be accessed via the Clipping Planes menu or using the Planes panel Figure 9 11 In the panel a group of three radio buttons exists for each plane and is used to specify whether the plane 1s to be considered as part of a cutout combination as a simple clipping plane or to be disabled A simple clipping plane clips all parts of the object located on its back side when moving away from the plane in the direct
214. so offers the algebraic multigrid SAMG solver separate license required SAMG has proven very powerful for diffi cult problems where the conjugate gradient method takes a large number of iterations poor convergence or completely fails divergence The asymmetric sparse transport equations can be solved by a family of iterative techniques with incom 1 for more see White Papers Vol III Chapter 3 FEFLOW 5 2 23 i Processors with 7 Hyperthreading technology are treated as two logical pro cessors As Hyperthreading tends to prolong FEFLOW runs instead of shortening them it is highly recom mended to use only as many tasks as the system has physical processors available 24 User s Manual Part plete Crout based preconditioning The following solv ers are available Restarted ORTHOMIN restarted GMRES CGS BiCGSTAB BiCGSTABP and SAMG BiCGSTABP is the default iterative solver for asym metric problems The iterative solvers are very effec tive and reduce memory requirements They are efficient for solving large problems containing more than about 20 000 nodes The maximum iteration num ber available preconditioning method and the error cri teria can be changed by using the Properties dialogs As an alternative the algebraic multigrid SAMG solver separate license required can be used for solv ing the transport equations Feflow Iterative Solver Settings Men LTT Ec NOTICE Followin
215. source lin Select El Mesh enrichment Refine Click on the highlighted lines in the mesh The mesh is refined locally around the lines If it does not work set a higher snap distance 1 e define a wider area around the line to be refined by clicking on the small blue El Snap button next to the Load button of the Join options An input box pops up Insert a higher value in pixels or reals 11 3 2 Step 2 Editing the problem parameters To edit all problem specific parameters we now enter the Problem editor via the amp Edit problem attributes option of the amp Edit shell menu A number of submenus has to be examined 11 3 2 1 Problem class In this menu you have to define the type of the sim ulation problem First we create a model for e Saturated media groundwater as a Flow only problem with Steady flow conditions and a Confined aquifer using a Horizontal problem projection of the area We can safely ignore the time step control parame ters because we are simulating a steady state flow 11 3 2 2 Flow data The parameters for saturated or unsaturated subsur face flow are set using the Flow data menu Flow initials Enter the Flow initials menu and load the data via i2 Assign M Database 3 Akima interpolation linear 13 neighbors 0 over undershooting from the ASCII trp file head ini trp Flow boundaries Enter the E Flow boundaries menu to set the boundary conditio
216. ssor 92 capillary hysteresis 60 CASE tool 177 computational status bar 81 conductivity 61 constraint conditions 57 content analyzer 56 continue mesh design 40 continue polygon design 32 continue simulation 96 control output menu 88 data rescuer 88 data to display 89 data to file 88 record complete data 88 record reduced data 88 convective form transport 23 85 convergence criteria see temporal amp control data copy superelements 34 copy see tools Crank Nicholson scheme See temporal amp control data menu cut away viewer 99 D data rescuer 88 data store manager 55 data to display 89 database join 54 database see tools assign debug see tools decay chains 66 decay rate 63 density ratio 61 design superelement mesh 29 diffusion 69 FEFLOW 5 2 183 184 User s Manual dimension menu 25 three dimensional 3D 25 two dimensional 2D 25 direct equation solver 24 direction of gravity 50 discrete feature elements 71 examples 73 fracture editor 71 disk space 26 dispersivity 69 divergence form transport 23 85 dsm see tools special dynamic link libraries 175 dynamic shared objects 175 edit menu 21 design superelement mesh 21 edit Problem attributes 22 generate finite element mesh 21 mesh editor 29 mesh generator 37 problem editor 45 edit modify problem 81 element type 40 elemental see tools assign erase flow boundaries 58 superelements 35 error see temporal amp control data exponenti
217. t SLY COGOR SIN WALA VDES MX VK ZK SpA Va a Z x i dd gt X AN uv A KSA SAA ae VAY A A YATATA XJS Er ei i US ORE c7 DOS VAL SANA a VW iN RS IN NOE e q d 2 ARES AR c lx V ACER CK M E a Cy AW Se ty XX US POMA C IVAN I Ag DOES Eee SO Kee OK X N AN MZ OG Ek OO MZ 9 ray gs a 200 lt ls Lee 1 Oe CN A eS D D NS PENA EN UA d NN NS m Kr ti Pav SEK y LN CX Te KA VN Ez i r X c IVA EOM RU TANANAN VAN ESOS B a VAN PX ER 2 NIIS OO GA VA a S 35 SUC COUNT NI RAUBER ZPO OOV Sb SIS Kl x M VA OC SIS XL ian XN RON 2 o AN gru iA n AAA n VAAARRIAAARG OVV VV VNPT m V D X VDO PV IA E T SAAN SS SAS PEO A SDAA EA i XS d SA a MS pa des BESS as a VAM on X Ut Zn KA A ret CSAS AARIAR KALA A Ki WO RAVAN TAY TAG LVAD e AE VOL RRS ARR LED Ad YY A p KAY ODS PE SRSA ES VI pop a ANTA ur TRY C PRINS IVINS AX e Z Z d S PVP ARR y Rie AAA eK NDS B e EC ay LA Figure 11 3 Refining the finite element mesh 140 User s Manual Part II For the exact positioning of the contaminant mass boundary conditions and for a realistic computation of the mass transport we refine the mesh at these loca tions e Select the l L Join tool and load the file mass
218. t are weighted by a factor of 2 0 To make up for the fewer data points all points except the last one in the second set ABC XYZ are weighted by a factor of 1 5 The last point in the second set is weighted by a factor of 4 5 1 5 3 Pressure Head cm Saturation 0 04 O 1 0 01 5 a99 02 10 97 LUE 00 50 84 100 57 150 20 200 25 300 20 92 500 19 sO 92 ABC XYZ 0 02 1 5 LO 3739 ED uy 30 44299 AO a5 50 845 DU waco T5 Figure 10 3 Example data input file for FE LM 10 2 4 Loading the data set A new optimization problem is created using the Optimizer gt New menu entry or the associated tool bar button The user will be prompted for the name of the data file to be opened and for the selection of the data set s to be imported in case several sets are found in the file Upon successful loading of the set s a Model selection and parameter control dialog will be opened for this optimization problem For each set the model providing the best fit when optimized from its default initial parameter values will be automatically selected among all implemented models and a new data plot view window will be created Several optimization problems created in this man ner can be open simultaneously This can be useful to compare the fitting performance of different models for the same data The number of data sets within a particular optimi zation problem can be subsequently mo
219. table expression and to identify the respec tive parameter set The parameter fitting tool FE LM was designed to assist in this task typically known as curve fitting Built around a Levenberg Marquardt Local Mini mizer FE LM provides instantaneous graphical feed back of a best fit when switching between parametric models and during user controlled gradual changes in the weighting of selected data points Possible local minima in the optimization function can be immedi ately recognized and subsequently circumvented by modifying the parameter ranges and optimization start ing values through the user interface As a parameter is gradually changed or explicitly set via the interface controls the displayed shape of the corresponding model curve continuously tracks the user input Coupled models that share parameters can be fitted simultaneously to their respective data sets with graph ical feedback provided for each set The catalog of parametric models provided in FE LM includes all those implemented in FEFLOW 10 2 2 Parameter estimation by residual minimization The Levenberg Marquardt algorithm minimizes a function q defined as the sum of weighted squared residuals according to N 2 y x i P q gt wir a l Oi where x Vi 0 ri and w are the measured indepen dent and measured dependent variables measurement standard deviation residual and weighting factor respectively at point i The total numbe
220. tant 1 w2 43 4 Mesh vy Nodal li A Border Assign fo Database blk Jd A Rubberbox Well 4th kind Tine constant f E Figure 5 14 Boundary and constraint conditions menus You can limit a potential boundary condition by maximum and minimum bounds for flux or a flux boundary condition by maximum and minimum values for the resulting hydraulic head Transfer boundary conditions can be limited either by head or by flux while well boundaries are constrained by head Fur thermore all constraints can be edited as time varying functions For a better understanding of these options please refer to the Demonstration Exercise and the Tutorial section Boundary and constraint conditions will be dis played as symbols on the nodes and can be checked by using the Mesh inspector A second window the Database inspector displays the properties of the background map if present ESRI shape file We recommend to read the corresponding section in For further informa tion about the head constraint for 3rd kind boundary conditions refer to the White Paper Extended formulations of constraints for Cauchy type 3rd kind boundary condi tions in FEFLOW Outfluxes are defined as positive for boundary condi ions However for con traint conditions the lefinition is opposite here nfluxes are positive FEFLOW 5 2 57 58 User s Manual Part DON __ JF d Inspector Ec
221. ted as line specifies the behavior of the mesh inspector Choose between viewing saturation vs capillary head and saturation vs conductivity Curves or the Values in text mode nd1 and nd2 determine the resolution of the curves while min yw prescribes the minimum capillary head for the curve Click the Saturated properties button to return to the Flow Materials menu See the FEFLOW online Help for additional infor mation In the following Table 5 2 all parameters for satu rated and unsaturated flow are listed Table 5 2 Flow materials Conductivity Proportional to flow resistance in an aquifer Major principal direc tion Proportional to flow resistance and aquifer thickness 2D horizontal con fined Anisotropy factor Ratio of maximum directional value to its original value Anisotropy angle Angle between cartesian x axis and major direction of 2D anisotropy Aquifer bottom elevation Bottom elevation for elements 2D horizontal Aquifer top elevation Top elevation for elements 2D horizontal Storativity Density ratio Drain fillable void space in aquifer Unconfined aquifer Pie a expansion coefficient for density coupled 2D vertical and 3D modeling Expansion coefficient a a bun expansion coefficient for density coupled 2D vertical and 3D modeling Storage e of void space to be reduced under pressure compressibility In outflow on top bottom Spatially variable recharge evaporation on top or bot tom slice Sour
222. ten used chemical processes The user only has to set the coefficients correctly to run a simulation User defined mode however allows the input of arbitrary reaction kinetics by an equation edi tor As a principle each equation describes the reaction of the single species selected in the Species selector Positive terms represent a creation of the species nega tive ones a decomposition of the contaminant All the equations are written in a way so that they relate cre ation and decomposition of a species to concentrations of other species possibly using additional factors and reaction rates Indices relate to the number of the species dark red indices can be edited by mouse click There is a difference between reaction rates in sin gle species and multi species transport in FEFLOW Reaction e g decay in single species transport only handles a species dissolved in the fluid phase therefore all reactions are so called homogeneous reactions 1 e reactions within one phase In multi species transport both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions 1 e reactions between species in fluid and solid phase can occur Thus only in single species transport it is possi ble to deal with porosity internally by automatically multiplying the decay rate with the porosity In multi species transport however porosity has to be consid ered by the user modifying the rate constant or the coefficients of the reaction equation For example for
223. ters of the working area The default value is 100 m Vertical exaggeration Sets the vertical exaggeration of the working area The default ratio is 1 1 no exaggeration Shift origin Displays a toolbar for setting the location of the local coordinate origin Origin Tools x FF elicit Snap origin to X Y coordi nates Shift origin to lower left cor ner Shift origin to lower right cor ner Shift origin to upper left cor ner Shift origin to upper right cor ner Finish See Table 3 2 for a detailed description of the tool bar buttons Table 3 2 Buttons of the Shift Origin toolbar H Shift origin Allows to interactively shift the local origin Move the cross hairs by mouse to any point inside or outside the model area Origin of local coordinates snaps automatically to a point selected by mouse click Shifts the origin of local coordi nates to the lower left corner Shifts the origin of local coordi nates to the lower right corner Shifts the origin of local coordi nates to the upper left corner Shifts the origin of local coordi nates to the upper right corner Exit close origin tool menu and return to the Problem measure menu FEFLOW 5 2 35 36 User s Manual Part Gauss Krueger coordinates input Allows to enter absolute Gauss Krueger coordinate values xoGK and yoGK in meters for the origin of the local coordinates The default values are 0 0
224. that can contain world coordinates themselves and then do not require a map or tfw file Be 1 4m Figure 9 5 Model with surface map and bounding box FEFLOW 5 2 105 Multiple map images can be loaded however only one can be properly displayed at any given time Visibility checkmarks for maps should be set accord ingly Once a FEFLOW data fem or dac file has been opened a georeferenced image file can be loaded via the File Import Map menu command If there is no spatial overlap between the map and the current model domain a warning appears and the map is dis carded Should the size of the overlapping image area width by height in pixels exceed the maximum tex ture size supported by the local OpenGL implementa tion a warning message appears and the maximum supported size is enforced by clipping In such a case it is recommended to reduce the resolution pixel num ber of the map image Note that the maximum OpenGL texture size can differ between hardware accelerated and nonaccelerated view windows prompt ing separate warning messages as necessary A typical texture size limit in nonaccelerated high quality view windows is 1024x1024 pixels The map can be used in all view windows and appears in the P ots panel tree Figure 9 7 of the active view depending on the current tree hierarchy tree branches may have to be expanded to show the map To display the map in the active view win
225. that handling of large files is a more convenient and time saving process PEST The interface to the automatic parameter estimation program PEST developed by J Doherty Watermark Numerical Computing has been extended The new version allows optimizing transient processes directly within a FEFLOW simulation For taking advantage of the latest developments in PEST not included in FEFLOW an extended descrip tion is provided for using FEFLOW in a PEST environ ment running FEFLOW in batch mode IFM There are many new functions for the open pro gramming interface IFM The following table lists the new features which are described in more detail in the FEFLOW documenta tion and in the online help Table New features in FEFLOW 5 2 Multi species transport White papers Vol IV User s Manual Section 5 9 4 Transient particle tracking Online Help FEFLOW Explorer Windows only User s Manual Section 9 Natural constraints Online Help Parallel computing User s manual Section 2 6 SAMG Online Help Autoclosing superelements Online Help General 3D anisotropy Reference Manual Section 25 Online Help FEFLOW 5 2 9 Table New features in FEFLOW 5 2 continued New license dialog DVD Booklet Fast loading of Postprocessor files ee Transient PEST Online Help New IFM functions Online Help 10 User s Manual Part I Menu Guide 12 User s Manual Part The FEFLOW User Interface The
226. the Efl Problem class to M Transient flow transient transport of an M Unconfined aquifer for fully M Saturated media Click on the Ef Edit free surface s button in the lower part of the menu The Free surface s editor pops up Here you can define the hydraulic properties of the slices We will use the BASD technique for this simula tion For the theory of the Best adaptation to strati graphic data method see the Reference Manual Section 2 4 Using the BASD technique the finite ele ment mesh is adapted in the z direction in according to the movement of the upper water table as described by the hydraulic head at the top slice All inner slices also change their vertical positions FEFLOW computes their respective optimum position so as to maintain the stratigraphy related information without smoothing interpolating the data from adjacent layers In other words it finds the best adaptation to the stratigraphic data Only slices set to fixed or phreatic will not be moved This technique is often useful in modeling multi layer aquifer systems The following slice types can be set e Free amp movable Only the top slice for free surface problems BASD automatically activated 164 User s Manual Part I e Phreatic Defines the top of an unconfined aquifer the slice cannot move and should be sepa rated from a free amp movable slice by a fixed slice e Fixed Slice defines the top of a confined aqui fer or
227. the same first order decay reaction in the multi species case the rate constant would be single species decay rate multiplied by porosity In case of user defined reactions porosity is available as a variable in the equation See White Papers Vol 1 Chapter 10 and White Papers Vol IV for details and corresponding equations Degradation The degradation equation is dedicated to a simple degradation of species to other ones for example to represent radionuclide decay Up to eight different spe cies can be used in each equation For example if we look at the equation for species 2 in the image below this species is created by decay of species 1 with reaction rate 1 and is being decomposed with reaction rate 2 5 FEFLOW Reaction Kinetics Editor GIES E Chemical reaction kinetics Cancel Help Degradation type kinetics species 1 of 4 Hi Hn H3 Ha R k Rae C Ek Rese C Rae C 4 K Rate C 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 Hs Hg he Hg Lk Rae C k Rae C Rae C X Rae C 5 2 3 D 2 2 Ieg 3 2 9 Lem n h n msko RSE nq 3 k p n O ke f ng f k p n O 7 ko zo Mo 5o Figure 5 19 Reaction editor degradation Arrhenius For Arrhenius type reactions terms for reactions of Ist 2nd 3rd and 4th order are provided As for degra dation the coefficients decide whether a species is composed or decomposed Monod Monod type reactions often describe biochemical processes whe
228. the top of the main window three floatable toolbars eight dockable control bars panels a status bar at the bottom and at least one view window if a document is open Toolbars control bars and status bar can be individually hidden or made visible using the View menu L FEFLOW Explorer demo transport 3d complete dac Friedrichshagen fex Jog Ele yew OrpingPtanes autopiot Smussen Time Window preferences Hep Menu Bar Los Vn nrc ius Toolbars Data Qg Nodal Grow Hyda Pressur Vloon Qg Mass transport Mass concer 2 Bema Gow s Conductivity Pox rios s gat Ere Doman ud es s gat volume s gu Detrbuted bats AZ Mass concentration mg Ze t Tac s gg Boundery ga Geometry TS Prei Images s AT Smisen CR arise Mup s gf DerbutedDsl AZ Mass concentration Sormulgton Autcplot Dect Contro aP Punes I Nsgsbon Ypetornon C simulaton Time j dy 3 40715e 6 581699246 39 9064 7MB 6M 554MB 4 foe Figure 9 1 FEFLOW Explorer user interface 9 1 1 Toolbars Standard toolbar providing quick access to the standard New Open and Save file commands innam I B miv Navigation tool bar used to control view windows and to navi gate the active view window Export toolbar for presentation movie and snapshot image output Each of the toolbars can be mouse dragged to a new location and thus become a floating toolbar 9
229. to another material parameter Advanced option Unsaturated properties The item Unsaturated properties switches to the input menu for unsaturated flow material parameters Use this menu to choose between Van Genuchten Brooks Corey VG modified Haverkamp Exponen tial and Linear parametric relationships and to assign the corresponding parameters V an Genuchten model Capillary pressure head saturation E 1 ay P Relative conductivitu w C 8 8 4 a Global Elemental Rubberbox m Return Figure 5 17 Unsaturated properties The default setting for the whole model domain is the Van Genuchten relationship To change the para metric relationship for parts or all of the model set the switch to the new relation choose one of the input tools e g assign or join and click the model button It is possible to use different parametric relations for dif ferent areas within one model Use the Porosity button to assign matrix porosity for unsaturated conditions The white box displays the equations corresponding to the active parametric relationship The parameters to be assigned are enclosed in red boxes To set a parame ter choose any input tool and click the symbol of the parameter in the equation Set the Hysteresis button to incorporate capil lary hysteresis in a simulation Use the switch to change between the wetting curve and the drying curve Drying curve The Inspec
230. tor 36 mesh generation menu 37 continue mesh design 40 generate areally 37 generate automatically 37 generate gradually 38 generator options 38 mesh geometry 41 problem summary 42 select elements 40 mesh generator 37 advancing front 39 areally 37 automatically 37 gradually 38 options 38 TMesh 39 transport mapping 39 mesh geometry 74 mesh geometry editor 41 delete elements 41 mesh enrichment 41 mesh inspector 56 message bar 14 Michaelis Menten 66 module add 179 build 179 copyright 179 module information 179 more info 179 new 179 properties 179 180 register proc 180 registering 179 modules use 180 molecular diffusion 63 Movie Export 115 multi species transport 65 new mesh editor 30 nodal see tools assign O observation point groups 70 observation single points 70 history of 94 options boundary conditions 59 options menu 23 adaptive mesh refinement AMR 24 convective form transport 23 direct equation solver 24 divergence form transport 23 iterative equation solver 23 legend editor 24 mesh quadrangulation 23 mesh triangulation 23 save current settings 25 velocity approximations 23 origin gauss krueger coordinates 35 shift 35 P paramter fitting 26 Petrov Galerkin least square method see upwinding PGLS see upwinding physical units 59 Plot Assistant Program 26 porosity 60 62 63 postprocessor 22 postprocessor menu 91 background maps 91 budget 92 continue simulation 96 f
231. tton if it is currently engaged 2 Set a candidate simulation moment using the Simulation Time panel FEFLOW 5 2 113 Simulation Time Candidate Time Step O dars TT current Time Step Synchronize 20 0 00734056 days with candidate Show v Fixed Reference Figure 9 16 Setting autopilot key simulation moments 3 Move the timeline slider to the desired presenta tion moment or enter a percentage value of the presentation length 4 Press the Set button in the Simulation Time category of the Autopilot panel to store the cur rent candidate simulation moment as a new key simulation moment Repeat steps 3 and 4 if the current candidate simula tion moment is desired at multiple moments of the pre sentation Otherwise repeat steps 2 through 4 as needed Critical simulation periods can thus be presented more slowly repeatedly or even backward Engaging the autopilot Simulation Time category can be useful to quickly inspect the resulting mapping of simulation time to presentation time using the time line slider to manipulate the presentation time and the candidate simulation time slider in the Simulation Time panel for visual feedback 114 User s Manual Part Autopilot Simulation Time 4 gE fo Positioning Set M M Engage 37 Frame Size Frame Rate rad of 15 sex 720 x 576 25 fps Pixels Target ba iE E EE 9 2 9 4 Editing autopilot keys The
232. ucture and finding the corresponding section in this manual Alter native commands are suggested when appropriate 1 2 Parts of the Shell The Shell provides a variety of command sequences to formulate and simulate a given problem It consists of four main parts which are illustrated in Section Fig ure 1 1 The working window displays the model with its mesh boundary conditions etc depending on the current operation context All mouse based editing is performed here The shell menu gives access to the dif ferent parts and functions of FEFLOW The menu structure is listed in Figure 1 3 The control panel offers information about the model view and provides tools for zooming and 3D visualization FEFLOW 5 2 13 contains some of the options of the File menu You can use these options to save data and manage back ground maps It is available on every level of FEFLOW by clicking the computational status bar The Quick Access menu You can save edited problem data immediately by clicking the computational status bar in the Quick Access pop up menu 14 User s Manual Part FEFLOW 3D pcpeter Groundwater Flow Model 2D qflux_s2d_c fem File Edit Run Postprocess IFM Options Dimension Window Info Feflow feflow reme D gt Feflow feflow feflow feflow pvp feflow feflow feflow feflow eer Fflow fflow flow feflous zn m SRIK flee eile pea ass SSAA Flow feflow feflow feflow 8 5 feflow
233. ument OnEditDocument J Add PPenove Eat A simple example written in C which demonstrates the usage of IFM callbacks Try the module s editing capabilities in the Select Modules dialog Figure 12 3 Configuration dialog For the selected module you will find a short over view in the Module information part of the dialog By pressing the More info button you can raise a detailed description With the Copyright button the copyright note of the module becomes visible From the button bar you reach the dialogs for creat ing a New Module project adding an existing mod ule Add Module and modifying the module Properties name files parameters etc The Build button starts the compilation and link process UNIX LINUX only As the result the shared library of the module will be generated 12 2 2 Registering a module Note that for registering a module only available in source code we refer to the complete IFM manual on your FEFLOW DVD Before a module can be used it must be reg istered in FEFLOW To register an existing 48 module A aiu open a file selection dialog with the Add Module but ton see Figure beside and browse for the desired module Once the path of the module is selected and the dialog has been closed by pushing the OK button the IFM attempts to load the module DSO DLL If Add Module in modules El diagram dll 5 pest dll 5 xp
234. units of the page and map coordinates are set in the Preferences option of the File menu 10 1 2 Objects You can visualize and arrange several types of objects Map objects Map objects may contain temporary plot files saved in FEFLOW Windows only emap objects saved in the FEFLOW specific pl1x file format shape files and ASCII topology files polygons lines points You can load several files on different layers in one map object e g two different isoline contour maps of the same area The plot object is organized in the Prop erties menu Draw objects You can create lines rectangles rounded rectangles and ellipses in FEPLOT The draw objects settings are specified in the Draw Properties menu UNIX users should save the plots as t plx files via the Capture option in FEFLOW or via the FEFLOW Data Store Manager This file for mat is like all FEFLOW export formats compatible to the Windows environ ment All plots exported from FEFLOW use map units of meters FEFLOW 5 2 119 Text objects Text objects are created in FEPLOT The text objects settings are specified in the Text Properties menu OLE objects Include other Windows application objects in your FEPLOT plot compositions like spread sheet tables diagrams or images You can import these objects active links via the Insert new object option of the Edit menu 10 1 3 Creating a plot composition You can start a new p
235. uted Feflow Budget Results Viewer Flux Q m3 d Accumulated mass M m3 0 000 e 1 000 Figure 7 2 Budget Analyzer result 7 7 Fluid Flux Analyzer This item is identical to the one in the Simulator menu Section 6 6 except that in the Postprocessor fluxes can also be analyzed over time periods 7 8 Content Analyzer The content analyzer is described in detail in Sec tion 5 6 7 9 Special Operations This data operator menu allows useful manipulation of the resulting data by various Spatial Reference and Temporal operations Spatial and Reference oper ations are described in Section 6 7 Feflow Special Data Operator Reference Temporal 0 Eee Spatial operations on hydraulic head NOTICE These spatial difference options are only appropriate in 2D for unconfined if I aquifers n 3D For 3D TOP means the top slice and BOTTOM means the bottom slice elevation These spatial difference options exclude reference operations Figure 7 3 Special operations The Temporal operations include differences stan dard deviations or cumulative changes for time stages to be selected The operations are applied to the hydraulic head the contaminant and the temperature distributions all other results are not affected Two accompanying scroll lists contain all available time stages The following toggles set the corresponding types of operations No tempora
236. utorial we will create an uncon fined steady flow and steady transport problem 11 4 1 How to get the data The input of stratigraphic information can be done via the same tools which you have used in the flow data menus For transferring the stratigraphy to the 3D model in FEFLOW a conceptual model should be available Often you get the basic information from Feflow 3D Layer Configurator borehole data These data are used for creating vertical profiles and finally for the complete 3D conceptual model of the study area 11 4 2 Step 1 Designing slices and layers Enter the Layer configurator via the Dimensions shell menu selecting the Three dimensional 3D command The configuration of the layers and slices as well as the geometric relations are defined in the Layer con figurator You can enter the Layer configurator via the Efl 3D slice elevations menu of the Problem edi tor too The geometry of a 3D model is built up by slices and layers Figure 11 20 Lx Ed EXPANDING data for new slices Figure 11 20 3D Layer configurator 160 User s Manual Part II Slices Slices are surfaces on which the finite element nodes are located They represent the topography and the discontinuities between the stratigraphic units or just subdivide layers to refine the vertical spatial dis cretization On slices you assign Initial conditions and Boundary conditions Slice 1 Slic
237. ve to set both a minimum and a maximum potential constraint for each well zoom ing in as needed Table 11 1 Constraints for well BCs Well ID Min m Max m Click on the Ef arrow at the right of the Well 4th kind button The corresponding Constraint condi tions menu becomes visible Input the Min and Max constraints and click on the small M toggles left of the input fields to acti vate the settings Click on E Well 4th kind and assign the constraint to the corresponding well on the mesh Table 11 1 Repeat the steps for all wells Leave the Con straints menu via the arrow but ton EZE 4th kind Check the input by activating the E Mesh inspector If a constraint is set on a well the mes Figure 11 9 Constraint conditions Constrained by HEAD ml W Min fiz Time constant o s M W Max JE Time constant _ sage time constant constraint behind is displayed in the inspector window Flow materials The items of the Flow materials menu have changed with the problem class Assign E Conductivity and E Aquifer top and bottom elevation by importing and regionalizing the corre sponding data via the Efl Assign M Database tool F3 Akima interpolation linear 0 over undershooting Efl import time constant data e conduc2d trp conductivity e relief trp aquifer top elevation e bot san2 trp aquifer bottom elevation The groundwat
238. verlap Sure moisture content or saturation at the observation ping windows may be opened to visualize the progress points and the Legend of the simulation run For a flow problem there are 76 User s Manual Part For combined flow and transport problems additional windows are available the histories of averaged concen tration at adjacent flux occupied boundary sec tions galleries wells and the breakthrough curves of concentration at the observation points For nonlinear simulations density coupled unsat urated flow unconfined aquifers using a Picard fixed point iteration scheme for steady state or tran sient problems without predictor corrector time step ping an additional window Error norm history is automatically opened to follow the progress of the suc cessive iterative solutions It contains a plot and numer ical output of the error norm history In case of automatic time step control the Time step control window is opened to plot the evolution of computed time steps during the simulation The windows can be moved resized or closed at any time during the simu lation Notice however that to maintain efficiency the manipulated windows are updated infrequently i e some numerical inner loops have to finish before the windows are refreshed The optimal time for window manipulation is when the simulator halts at the beginning and the end of a run or eif the simulation is interrupted betw
239. w slices b partitioning list c select reference slice for spacing Delete the 1 automatically set by FEFLOW under the bottom slice and replace the 0 by a 1 to insert the new slice between the 2nd and 3rd existing slices Click Efl Okay Set the new slice to fixed in the slice list Repeat the procedure for a sixth slice to be inserted between the 3rd and 4th slice using a decrement mea sured from the ower slice bottom of aquitard The data flow to the new slices can be checked and modified by the two menus to the right of the layer configurator the data flow lists The upper list defines how boundary and initial conditions should be inher ited the lower menu controls the material parameters The numbers in the left column symbolize the old slices or layers the right column contains the new ones For inheriting data Click on the old slice or layer as data source Click on the new slice or layer as data target A connecting line is drawn symbolizing the data transfer You can transfer data from one slice or layer to several slices or layers Make sure that the new slices get the data of the aquitard FEFLOW 5 2 163 11 4 3 Step 2 Assignment and con trol in the problem editor After having defined the basic stratigraphy and hav ing added the buffers we need to reassign some prob lem attributes and control the data flow Return to the Problem editor menu 11 4 3 1 Problem class Switch
240. ws are negative out flows are positive Check the coordi For flux boundary FEFLOW 5 2 141 If you have assigned too many nodes simply select the Nodal option in the Assign tool click on the Transfer button go to the transfer boundary condi tion you want to delete and click on each unwanted node Click the right mouse button to exit will be modeled by assigning a Transfer rate in the Flow materials menu later on see Reference Manual Section 4 2 Use the Join tool with the Data option and Ef load rivers lin Set a snap distance of 55 m Click E Transfer choose M D lin ear interpolation along lines and Efi import the time con stant data from the file wlevel w trp Click Ef Apply to perform the region alization Choose B Interactive selec tion lines for joining click Ef Okay and click on the lines along the western border Repeat the steps above for the eastern border by importing the file wlevel e trp Now we have to define the lakeside boundary con ditions in the south We recommend to use the Efl Head 1st kind boundary condition with a hydraulic head of 32 m which has to be Assigned on every Border node The positions of the wells and pumping rates will be imported from a file mean well rates trp with the W Database option of the 2 Assign tool as 4th kind boundary condition Well Perform the regionalization by Ef Inverse distance weighting interpolat
241. y constraint similar to the flow boundaries The other type is the setting of Min and Max values for the hydraulic head Only in the range defined by these val ues will the contaminant mass boundary be active We will set a minimum value for the sewage plant to make sure that the contamination only becomes active if the aquifer is wetted See the online Help for more details Additionally we set a mass boundary condition with the small value of 1e 12 mg l along the whole outer border of the area together with a complementary mini mum constraint of 0 m d mg l This so called Fresh water condition ensures that the first kind boundary condition of fresh water is only set for water entering flow out if the boundary is open for advection For the domain at the boundary inflow For outflow the background information see the Reference Manual first kind boundary condition fresh water is automati Section 4 3 cally switched off and the contaminant mass can freely Table 11 5 Mass transport boundaries and constraints Place Boundary Complementary Additional condition constraint constraint sewage plant Mass first kind Min Min 34m 50 mg l Max Max waste deposit Mass first kind Min Power ID 5 Max outer borders Mass first kind Min 0 le 12 mg l Max FEFLOW 5 2 151 Transport materials The items Ef Porosity E Sorption coefficient and Longitudinal transversal dispersivity should be assigne
242. y factor o0 i df 00 oo Aquifer bottom elevation m o bot sand 2 trp Assign database Aquifer top elevation m P relief 000000 E database Storativity drain ee i default Source Sink time_recharge ply Join polygon Const 10 md time Lm dat FEFLOW 5 2 149 Constraint and boundary condi tions are handled differently for fluxes For constraint conditions inflows are positive 4 out flows are negative For boundary conditions inflows are negative outflows are positive 11 3 4 4 Transport data The Mass transport initials remain on the default value of 0 mg l Mass transport boundaries Time constant boundary conditions In the E Mass transport boundaries menu the two contaminant sources have to be defined After set ting the Join tool for joining via M Lines push the Ef Load button of the Join menu to load the file mass source lin A database selection dialog pops up asking for a database table Click on Efl Cancel in order to import only the geometrical data The nodes to be covered by mass transport boundaries are then dis played Click E 1st kind and select Efl Mass enter a value of 50 mg l in the m Keyboard request box hit the Enter key and click on the line at the sewage plant western contamination site for assigning the time constant boundary conditions Time varying boundary conditions We do not want to ignore the fact that the waste deposit site

FEFLOW 5.2

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