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SLM3505 - Newtons 4th

1. 180 to 180 0 to 360 or O to 360 depending on user preference Keyboard Beep An audible beep is available and sounds every time a key is pressed This option can be enabled or disabled if the sound is not required Step Message Has two options enabled or disabled A single line message appears on the display in real time mode when stepping the frequency or amplitude up or down using the arrow keys It shows the new value selected The step message may be disabled if desired User Settings This function is accessed by pressing the system key followed by the right arrow key this will then display the screen in figure 14 1 This allows the user to enter three separate lines of information which is saved in a data file when save is selected and ENTER pressed User Data Example Default 1 Newtons4th Ltd can be overwritten Figure 14 2 is an example which in this case shows the station name line number and technician name The third user data line ie technician name is the data displayed on the PROGRAM STORE RECALL display screen See section 16 Page 47 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual USER SETTINGS User data Newtons4th Ltd User data User data save Figure 14 1 Main Settings USER SETTINGS User data Power Station XYZ User data Line 2 User data Will Power save Figure 14 2 example dat
2. e Line Trap Testing e Line Tuner Testing e PLC Transmitter amp Receiver Test amp Set up e Audio Tone Protection Relay Channel Test amp Setting Transmitter Receiver Testing The instrument has a wide frequency range 5Hz to 5MHz and is ideal for checking transmitters and receivers on Power Line Carriers Audio Tone or Analog Baseband Microwave systems The SLM3505 scans the required frequency range then centre s automatically on the largest or two largest signal peaks easily detecting the carrier frequencies It is also ideal for work on audio tone and microwave systems Line Trap testing The instrument can plot an impedance verses frequency graph directly on the display Therefore the user can view a pictorial representation of the resonant frequency and make adjustments while viewing the changes in a real time environment Line Tuner Testing The instrument provides the solution for adjusting a Line Tuner s Series inductor and Impedance Matching transformer for minimum reflected power This is achieved with a directional coupler or using an innovative impedance measurement technique Page 6 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 2 Page 7 SAFETY READ THIS GUIDE AND SAFETY INFORMATION BEFORE USING THE INSTRUMENT e Only use the instrument under the conditions and purpose for which it is intended e Ensure that the AC supply Voltage and the power pack supplied are at the same ratings AC operation is inte
3. Gain Shows the measured amplification attenuation between the input and output Phase This is the relationship seen between the input and output phases Delay This determines the time between the input and output phases and considers this measurement to be the delay time Level The bottom left level displays the input rms voltage being fed into the system under test Note The output level of the generator when connected to one of the inputs may differ to the measurement reading on the FRA display This is apparent when the load isn t equal to the generator impedance setting Level The bottom right level displays the output rms voltage from the system under test The other areas are GENERATOR area Displays the generator frequency the output level and if the output is set to low high or off INPUT area Displays the input channel selected When the INPUT displays anything but high it is in the terminate mode The inputs available are high Z 50 18 W low level and balanced MEASURE area Displays the measurement impedance reference and the speed of measurement update Page 78 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 20 2 Example FRA Test To apply a frequency response phase gain test to a piece of equipment the normally low generator output is connected to the High z input of the instrument and to the input of the
4. Page 67 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual SWEEP SETTINGS display sweep start sweep end sweep steps sweep type sweep type peak hold graph scaling Frequency marker Marker 1 search for peak start real time 160 000kHz 250 000kHz 91 linear single off auto single 211 00kHz on Figure 18 4 Impedance Sweep Settings IMPEDANCE METER 45 206k92 200 000kHz 1 5056k 250 000kHz 160 000kHz Figure 18 5 Impedance Sweep Graph Page 68 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual IMPEDANCE METER E 192 000kHz 8 097 5k 081 342 193 000kHz 9 1914ks2 079 924 194 000kHz 10 610k 2 078 065 195 000kHz 12 515k lt 2 075 536 196 000kHz 15 188k lt 2 071 913 197 000kHz 19 153k9 066 984 198 000kHz 25 37 9kS2 058 086 199 000kHz 35 186k92 041 591 200 000kHz 45 206k92 011 431 201 000kHz 41 17 4ks 024 973 202 000kHz 30 067k92 047 324 203 000kHz 22 193k92 059 328 204 000kHz 17 250k 2 066 133 205 000kHz 14 013ks2 070 438 206 000kHz 11 768k 073 334 207 ODOKHZ 10 135ks2 075 423 208 000kHz 8 8924k 076 990 209 000kHz 7 3208k 2 078 203 210 000kHz 7 1407kS2 079 178 211 000kHz 6 3014k lt 2 079 971 Impedance Sweep Table 18 4 Example basic impedance Capacitance test setup Figure 18 7 shows the setup for basic capacitance measurement 1 2 3 4 5 Page 69 Measurement process setup Press the IMP key to select i
5. e Oscilloscope Page 4 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 1 3 Instrument Features The instrument is housed in a rugged aluminum case and is provided with various accessories together with an optional carry case as standard The instrument has a state of the art 5 7 150mm Color Display to maximize visibility in all conditions including full sunlight Its overall size is 12 x 9 x 1 75 310mm x 225mm x 45mm and relatively light weight 5lbs 2 3Kg The SLM3505 operates off internal rechargeable batteries an AC DC power source or an external 12V vehicle battery Further Features Include e Up to 1000 analyzer setups readings and sweep results can be stored e On board real time clock e Full colour display e 6 digit freq 5 digit volts and 4 digit dBm resolution e Operational temperature range 5 to 50 C e 1GB internal flash storage and ports Many of the instrument test functions will provide the user with valuable information Therefore 1 Gigabyte of memory an external USB port and an RJ45 input connection for laptop connectivity provides a versatile solution for storage and communication Page 5 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 1 4 Application Overview This section provides a short overview of where the instrument applications are more commonly used Some uses are explained in more detail and provide an incite into the flexibility of the instrument e Power Line Carrier Alignment 8 Maintenance
6. high output amplitude or amplitude step menu function Amplitude step is set in either volts or db times the step value The amplitude step can be set as small as one millivolt or 0 001 dBm The values can be changed by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 Once the step has been set using the up dn arrow keys with the main display will increase decrease the amplitude by the step factor Waveform Has four options sinewave triangle squarewave and white noise The use and selection of the different waveforms is dependent on user need The sinewave is used for power line carrier testing FSK Control FSK Frequency Shift Keying has two options disabled and enabled and can be used to check the loss of guard timers in Transfer Trip equipment Enabling this option adds Frequency 0 frequency 1 and guard time to the left menu functions This allows a 0 frequency and a 1 frequency to be entered together with a guard time so the delay between the frequencies can be checked The 0 1 Frequency and guard time can be entered in the options menu by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 Note The guard time function is not operational at this time A firmware upgrade will enable this function Page 18 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual Generator Frequency This function determines the generator output frequency The Fr
7. without notice and without a commitment to update the contents of this particular document Note Newtons4th Ltd shall not be liable for any consequential damages losses costs or expenses arising from the use or misuse of this product however caused DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY CE Manufacturer Newtons4th Ltd Address 30 Loughborough Rd Mountsorrel Loughborough LE12 7AT UK We declare that the product Description Selective Level Meter Model SLM3505 Conforms to the requirements of Council Directives 89 336 EEC relating to electromagnetic compatibility EN 61326 1997 Class A 73 23 EEC relating to safety of laboratory equipment EN 61010 1 April 2006 Eur Ing Allan Winsor BSc CEng MIEE Director Newtons4th Ltd WARRANTY This product is guaranteed to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 36 months from the date of purchase In the unlikely event of any problem within this guarantee period first contact Newtons4th Ltd or your local representative to give a description of the problem Please have as much relevant information to hand as possible particularly the serial number and release numbers press SYSTEM then LEFT arrow key If the problem cannot be resolved directly then you will be given an RMA number and asked to return the unit The unit will be repaired or replaced at the sole discretion of Newtons4th Ltd This guarantee is limited to the cost of the instrumen
8. 24 3 Text File Example Sweep Data The data portion of the file starts at Results sweep data This example is an impedance sweep There are five columns of data Frequency Hz Impedance Ohms Phase degrees Resistance Ohms and Reactance Ohms The two columns Frequency and Impedance may be used in Excel to plot a frequency versus impedance graph All information is given in scientific notation In this example the frequency starts at 150 kHz and goes to 210 kHz The impedance starts at 252 ohms and goes to a peak impedance of 6700 ohms and then down to 235 ohms Note the the headers and columns do not line up Results sweep data Frequency Hz Impedance Ohm Phase deg Resistance Ohm Reactance Ohm 5000E 05 2 5299E 02 8 9272E 01 1 9924E 04 2 5301E 02 5122E 05 2 6595E 02 8 9195E 01 1 8921E 04 2 6597E 02 5245E 05 2 8018E 02 8 9104E 01 1 7916E 04 2 8021E 02 5367E 05 2 9589E 02 8 8996E 01 1 6897E 04 2 9594E 02 5490E 05 3 1331E 02 8 8875E 01 1 5960E 04 3 1337E 02 5612E 05 3 3274E 02 8 8739E 01 1 5113E 04 3 3282E 02 5735E 05 3 5461E 02 8 8583E 01 1 4334E 04 3 5471E 02 5857E 05 3 7929E 02 8 8400E 01 1 3579E 04 3 7944E 02 5980E 05 4 0746E 02 8 8190E 01 1 2898E 04 4 0767E 02 6102E 05 4 4011E 02 8 7904E 01 1 2031E 04 4 4040E 02 6225E 05 4 7794E 02 8 7612E 01 1 1468E 04 4 7835E 02 6347E 05 5 2246E 02 8 7259E 01 1 0924E 04 5 2306E 02 6469E 05 5 7575E 02 8 6835E 01 1 0430E
9. Impedance 500 2 max 24dBm 750 2 max 22dBm 6000 2 max 15dBm Frequency shift delay timer O to 1s 1ms steps IMPEDANCE ANALYZER Impedance Range 100m0 to 100KO Accuracy lt 10KHz 1 rdg lt 1MHz 1 rdg 0 005 KHz 50uV lt 5MHz 5 rdg 0 002 KHz 50uV Frequency Range 5Hz to 5MHz LCR Measurements Inductance Capacitance Resistance Tan delta QF Features Lead compensation Zero lead function Impedance versus frequency curve OSCILLOSCOPE Sample Rate 5 Msamples S Timebase 5us div to 5s div Trigger Auto Normal or Single shot Pretrigger None 25 50 75 Input Ranges As Selective level Meter Second Input CH2 10v Peak 1MO 5 30pf Page 89 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual VSWR METER Accuracy 1 of reading from 5Hz up to 1MHz 5 of reading above 1MHz to 5MHz for power measurements forward reflected at VSWR 3 Features Forward Power Reflected Power Reflected Power Frequency under test visible on one screen FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSER Frequency Range 5Hz to SMHz Gain Accuracy dB 0 02dB lt 1KHz 0 05dB lt 10KHz 0 1dB 0 001dB KHz Phase Accuracy 0 02 lt 10KHz 0 02 0 003 KHz GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS Sweep Steps Up to 2000 steps in all sweep functions Set up and Data Storage Up to 1000 analyzer setups readings and sweep res
10. Manual 24 2 Text File Header Format Explanation 1 The first line NEWTONS4TH LTD is the name of the company that manufactures the instrument and is embedded in the firmware 2 Lines two to five are the serial number of the instrument manufacturing code firmware release versions and date of last calibration This information is accessed by pressing the SYSTEM key and the LEFT ARROW key 3 Lines six to nine are the user data area This information is accessed by pressing the SYSTEM key and the RIGHT ARROW key 4 Lines ten to thirteen are from the PROGRAM STORE RECALL menu These lines provide the number 000 to 999 of the file location the name of the file and the date and time stamp that was provided at the time the data was saved in the instrument 5 Lines 14 to 17 are from the MEASUREMENT SETTINGS menu These lines provide the mode the instrument was in when the data was acquired how the measurement was taken and the speed and filter settings 6 Lines 18 to 26 are the GENERATOR SETTINGS These lines provide the settings of the generator at the time the data was acquired 7 Lines 27 to 29 are the INPUT SETTINGS These lines provide the input settings at the time the data was acquired 8 Lines 30 to 38 are the SWEEP SETTINGS These lines provide the input settings at the time the data was acquired Page 93 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual
11. Program Store Recall screen Memory e Select internal File type e Select results Location e Using the Left Right arrow keys increase or decrease the number until an empty location is found Name e Using the alpha numeric keys outlined in section 4 1 enter the appropriate name Action e Select Store then Enter This adds user data to the function menu using the alpha numeric keys outlined in section 4 1 enter the appropriate information This will appear as the 3 line of user data on the systems user settings screen Execute e Select execute then Enter data is now stored Page 54 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 16 3 Recalling Results Press the Prog key e Displays the Program Store Recall screen Memory e Select internal File type e Select results Location e Using the Left Right arrow keys increase or decrease until the number required is found Name e The correct name should be displayed Action e Select recall then Enter Execute e Select execute then Enter which should now display the results In sweep mode selecting either graph or table will have the results displayed in the desired manner Page 55 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 16 4 Deleting Results Press the Prog key e Displays the Program Store Recall screen Memory e Select internal Fil
12. Receiver Signal Source Transmission Receiver Polar NRZ or G703 Channel PRBS Pattern Generator Page 81 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 21 2Theory of Operation The Bit Error Rate test involves sending a Pseudo Random Binary Sequence PRBS A Pseudo Random binary sequence is a periodic deterministic signal with properties similar to white noise A PRBS is like a long recurring decimal number it looks random if you look at a short piece of the sequence but it actually repeats itself every m bits see section 1 3 The PRBS signal is generated using a shift register and an XOR gate The Bit Error Rate Module consists of 2 modules a PRBS generator The PRBS bit patterns are generated in a linear feedback shift register The user has the ability to select the required bit pattern sequence see section 1 3 for different bit patterns Each bit pattern sequence will have a PRBS shift register length X which will be described in section 1 3 b PRBS Receiver The receiver has signaling output for synchronization state synchronization loss and bit errors The receiver is synchronized when 2 X X PRBS shift register length error free bits are received The receiver will begin counting the number of bytes received when the receiver is synchronized and will continue counting even when the receiver loses sync The receiver loses synchronization when the error rate over the last 128 bits exceeds 20 To de
13. calculations Zero Reference This allows the zero dB reference level to be set so that the entered level then becomes the 0dB reference Threshold Sets the minimum voltage the instrument will read The default setting is 50dB The setting can be changed by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 Page 25 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual Peak level Has two options on or off this function shows the highest level reached but will be overwritten if a higher level is detected Bargraph display Has two options on or off this function inserts a horizontal level bargraph at the bottom of the display to provide a visual representation of signal amplitude This option adds bargraph minimum and bargraph maximum to the left function menu where the minimum and maximum bargraph scale can be set for user preference Filter Has three options normal slow and none This sets how many samples the instrument takes before updating the display and effectively smoothes the readings If none is selected then the readings are unfiltered and more prone to noise NOTE While in the SLM measure menu and pressing the Zero button it is possible to set the display OdB reference level This allows the present level to be set as the OdB reference or the level can be entered manually This is done by highlighting and entering the preferred option To clear the
14. errors within the last 128 bits then the BER shows less than 0 2 If the error rate is less than 20 in the last 128 bits the screen will show greater than 0 2 Synchronized No Sync The screen shows No Sync if the error rate exceeds 20 in the last 128 bits If there are more than 25 errors within the last 128 bits then the BER shows less than 0 2 If the error rate is less than 20 in the last 128 bits the screen will Synchronized The Synchronized No Sync indicator is large and easy for inspectors to read 21 10 BER Keypad Operation Press the HOME ESC key at any time to abort the present activity and restart the BER test Page 87 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 22 Technical Specification SELECTIVE LEVEL METER Frequency Range 5HZ to SMHz Frequency Accuracy 0 03 over all temperature range Magnitude Accuracy lt 1KHz 0 05 mg 0 05 rdg 50uV lt 10KHz 0 05 mg 0 05 rdg 0 01 KHz 50uV lt 5MHz 0 05 mg 0 25 rdg 0 001 KHz 50uV Inputs Unbalanced Type amp Connection Differentially isolated amp Isolated BNC Pass Bandwidth Frequency Range Settings 1Hz 3Hz 25Hz 100Hz 1 95K 3 1K Wide Frequency Setting All frequencies to 6 digit resolution Frequency Acquisition Single and 3 stage frequency acquisition Level Meter Accuracy 0 01dB Frequency Synchronization Auto Sync between meter and generat
15. follows Mode current mode i e Bit Error Rate Mode Pattern Has 4 options namely 2 9 bits 2 11 bits 2 15 bits and 2 20 bits BER Send Mode Has 2 options fixed and continuous Note Fixed Mode not currently implemented BERT Mode Has 4 options Transmit and Receive Mode Transmit Mode Receive Mode and Loopback Mode Note Loopback Mode not currently implemented BER Transmit Mode Has 2 options Normal Mode and G703 Mode Output Mode controls the relevant output connection and has 3 options namely off low and high Note High Output Mode not currently implemented Page 86 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 21 9 BER Screen Display Area The main area shows Total Bits Transmitted No of Error Bits Total Bits Received BER BER Last 128 bits and Synchronized No Sync as follows Total Bits Transmitted is the total number of bits transmitted by the SLM3505 No Of Error Bits Shows the number of bit errors detected Total Bits Received Shows the total number of bit received BER Shows the bit errors that were detected versus the total number of test bits received since the test started BER Last 128 Bits The screen shows less than 0 2 if the error rate exceeds 20 in the last 128 bits If there are more than 25
16. gt INPUT MEASURE HOME M 6 3g E LCR 9 m FRA DELETE i ENTER 1 1 i PROG BACK Figure 4 1 Keypad The four round keys on the right labeled SLM LCR FRA and VSWR allow direct access to the main operating modes of the instrument Page 12 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual SLM Selective Level Meter Selects the Selective Level Meter Mode LCR Impedance Analyzer Selects the Impedance Analyzer Mode FRA Frequency Response Analyzer Selects the Frequency Response Analyzer Mode VSWR Standing Wave Ratio Selects the voltage Standing Wave Ratio Mode The four main Mode keys SLM LCR FRA and VSWR have a second function The letter above each key is a numeric multiplier M for mega K for kilo m for milli and wy micro When entering large or small numbers these multipliers may be used to save key strokes By pressing the relevant Mode button twice allows the menu screens to appear Accessing the menu functions using the keypad Operation is described in section 4 1 Pressing the HOME ESC button reverts back to the main function screen Page 13 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 4 1 Keypad Operation The relevant menu screen can be selected from the 12 primary function alphanumeric keys such as INPUT or OUTPUT etc On the menu screen the left column lists the functions and the right column lists the options availa
17. of a transmission line and the second the receiver is connected to the other end Method 1 The transmitting unit is set to a slow sweep across the desired frequency band which allows the receiving unit time to track the frequency steps The signal is received at the high Z input and both SLM s are set up using the mandatory selections listed below other menu options not specified can be left in the initial default condition Page 60 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual Transmitter SLM set up Mode FRA Output menu Set generator amplitude As applicable Set Waveform to Sinewave Set generator to on Low Measure menu Set Speed to Slow Sweep menu Set Start Stop frequencies eg 1KHz 100KHz Set the number of steps Set sweep to Log Set sweep to Continuous Start sweep Receiver SLM set up Mode SLM Input menu Set to High Z Measure menu Set bandwidth to 100Hz Set Centre frequency to Input Frequency Sweep menu Set sweep to Graph Set Start Stop frequencies As Tx unit Set the number of steps As Tx unit Set sweep to Log Set sweep to Continuous Set Peak Hold to on Set Graph Scaling to Manual See Note 1 Start sweep Note 1 Graph Scaling start with 20dB this should provide a realistic starting range until an actual level is determined from the detected signal Note 2 The transmitter SLM sweep can be started at any time However af
18. of the old batteries NOTE All three batteries should be replaced at the same time Make sure disposal of the used batteries is in accordance with the local country regulations Make sure the batteries are first charged and fully discharged two or three times to help extend battery life Then finally fully charge the new batteries before using the instrument Communications The instrument has communication interface ports supporting USB RS232 and LAN options Page 10 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 3 3 Instrument Controls and Connections Communication and Power Panel F 45 ON OFF Memory Stick Connector Power Button USB B Head Connector Phone Jack Input Output Panel BALANCED 5090 18W HIGH Z Hon eae CH2 INPUT INPUTS LOW LEVEL INf LEVEL LEVEL GROUND INPUT INPUT INPUT GENERATOR OUTPUTS Page 11 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 4 INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW The SLM3505 is a menu driven instrument All functions are controlled from the keypad and the menu screens The keypad has 23 keys that control its operation Figure 4 1 is a picture of the keypad The function of each key is displayed above or below the key with the primary function below the key The number function above each key is only active under certain options An example is the numeric keys which are for entering a specific frequency or voltage Full detailed descriptions for the keys are provided later in this manual 1 2 3 Sens 4A
19. packaging for visual damage If any damage is indentified report immediately to Newtons4th Ltd so the carrier may be notified If the packaging damage is noticeable while the delivery person is present obtain a written statement from the carrier Page 8 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 3 2 Power Sources and Communications The instrument can be powered by multiple sources directly from the AC DC Adapter from the internal battery source Lithium polymer batteries or directly through the DC input 9 18V 3A source required The instrument is shipped with a 6 meter power adapter lead that permits use through a vehicle DC source outlet socket AC DC Adapter The AC DC adapter can accept a wide AC input range 100 to 240Vac Adapter plugs are available to accommodate the various country standards Battery Power The instrument is shipped with a battery source consisting of 3 lithium polymer rechargeable batteries They are secured into the battery compartments with tie wraps DC Input The instrument is supplied with a 6 meter vehicle power adaptor lead The vehicle DC source outlet socket can then be used to power and charge the instrument The DC input will operate with a 9 18V dc source at 3A however the equipment warranty does not cover any damage caused by any other source than the ones provided with this instrument Charging the batteries The instrument has a sophisticated battery monitoring and charging system
20. settings stored in memory program 1 as per the factory default or the settings which were last used Set Clock This option sets the time Use the UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight hours minutes or seconds and the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to change the time Set Date This option sets the date Use the UP DOWN arrow keys to highlight the month day or year and the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys to change the date m AX Display Has three options colour white on black and black on white The white on black option is easier to see in natural daylight due to the shielding in the glass of the display Glare does occur in direct sunlight Brightness The instrument display has two options low and high The default setting is low to conserve battery power This option works best in the colour or white on black mode and makes the display easier to see in natural daylight Enlarge Results Has two options on or off and changes the size of the text numbers on the display Each instrument mode is different The SLM mode changes the volts and dBm The impedance mode changes the impedance The VSWR mode changes percent reflected power The FRA mode changes the gain Page 46 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual Phase Convention This is available in both LCR and FRA mode and displays the phase angle between the input current and voltage This phase angle has three options
21. system under test The system under test output is then applied to the instrument CH2 Measurements are then displayed showing the gain phase etc seen between the two waveforms Caution Do not use the balanced input in FRA applications Only use the HI input and CH2 input being aware that CH2 input is only rated at 10v pk However the HI input can be used up to 300v pk FRA Sweep A sweep can be set up to measure a dynamic frequency or phase gain system response over a chosen frequency bandwidth This is instigated using the sweep function and can be displayed as a table or graph to show the system characteristics over the frequency band The DFT technique can measure phase as well as magnitude and is inherently good at rejecting noise By computing the gain and phase at a number of points over a frequency range gives results that show a graph on the display Page 79 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual The DFT analysis yields two components in phase and quadrature or a and b values from which the magnitude and phase can be derived The fundamental in phase and quadrature values of a periodic waveform v 0 are given by a 1 27 Es V cos O d b 1 2r f V sin do For a sampled signal the formulae become a 1 n Xie 1 vii cos 2nci n b 1 n 532 vii sin 2nci n Where n is the number of samples for an integral n
22. 04 5 7663E 02 6592E 05 6 4062E 02 8 6313E 01 9 9621E 03 6 4195E 02 6714E 05 7 2129E 02 8 5656E 01 9 5223E 03 7 2337E 02 6837E 05 8 2443E 02 8 4810E 01 9 1143E 03 8 2782E 02 6959E 05 9 6025E 02 8 3673E 01 8 7134E 03 9 6614E 02 7082E 05 1 1480E 03 8 2109E 01 8 3617E 03 1 1589E 03 7204E 05 1 4224E 03 7 9769E 01 8 0082E 03 1 4454E 03 7327E 05 1 8611E 03 7 5908E 01 7 6439E 03 1 9189E 03 7449E 05 2 6516E 03 6 8864E 01 7 3535E 03 2 8428E 03 7571E 05 4 3198E 03 5 2361E 01 7 0735E 03 5 4552E 03 7694E 05 6 7700E 03 6 1537E 00 6 8092E 03 6 3152E 04 7816E 05 4 6626E 03 4 4704E 01 6 5601E 03 6 6282E 03 7939E 05 2 8250E 03 6 3450E 01 6 3203E 03 3 1581E 03 1 8061E 05 1 9707E 03 7 1084E 01 6 0789E 03 2 0832E 03 1 8184E 05 1 5017E 03 7 5157E 01 5 8618E 03 1 5535E 03 1 8306E 05 1 2105E 03 7 7630E 01 5 6503E 03 1 2393E 03 1 8429E 05 1 0138E 03 7 9289E 01 5 4552E 03 1 0318E 03 1 8551E 05 8 7227E 02 8 0463E 01 5 2643E 03 8 8450E 02 1 8674E 05 7 6550E 02 8 1345E 01 5 0871E 03 7 7432E 02 1 8796E 05 6 8228E 02 8 2022E 01 4 9162E 03 6 8895E 02 Page 94 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual Pp a a a 1 8918E 05 6 1556E 02 8 2563E 01 4 7553E 03 6 2078E 02 1 9041E 05 5 6086E 02 8 3000E 01 4 6022E 03 5 6507E 02 1 9163E 05 5 1521E 02 8 3355E 01 4 4521E 03 5 1870E 02 1 9286E 05 4 7641E 02 8 3605E 01 4 2773E 03 4 7939E 02 1 9408E 05 4 4332E 02 8 3859E 01 4 1438E 03 4
23. 20 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 6 1 Input Menu Functions Input Has four options from the right menu high Z 502 18W 752 optional low level and balanced The high Z input is the default max 300v Pk 1MQ impedance whilst the 5092 18W input is max 30v rms The low level input max 10v Pk which when selected adds impedance to the left menu functions This allows options of high impedance 1M 502 752 and 6002 to be entered The balanced input which has three 4mm connectors positive negative and ground is a differential type max 10v Pk and a selectable impedance the same as the low level input The Channel 2 input is max 10v Pk fixed at 1MQ impedance WARNING The low voltage inputs BALANCED INPUTS Low Level 5092 18W and CH2 are rated at 10V pk maximum voltage Applying a higher voltage will damage the _ input s requiring factory repair Use the low voltage input s only after confirming the input signal will not exceed the maximum rating Meter Inputs Refer to section 3 4 Instrument controls and Connections which shows the input connector orientation Each input has a red LED the LED that is ON will be next to the active input The high Z low level and balanced inputs are differential inputs they effectively put no load on the signal being measured The 502 18W input can be used to accept t
24. 4587E 02 1 9531E 05 4 1459E 02 8 4073E 01 4 0149E 03 4 1682E 02 1 9653E 05 3 8945E 02 8 4259E 01 3 8935E 03 3 9142E 02 1 9776E 05 3 6727E 02 8 4421E 01 3 7777E 03 3 6902E 02 1 9898E 05 3 4753E 02 8 4561E 01 3 6662E 03 3 4910E 02 2 0020E 05 3 2988E 02 8 4684E 01 3 5609E 03 3 3131E 02 2 0143E 05 3 1396E 02 8 4787E 01 3 4556E 03 3 1526E 02 2 0265E 05 2 9957E 02 8 4880E 01 3 3566E 03 3 0077E 02 2 0388E 05 2 8649E 02 8 4962E 01 3 2622E 03 2 8760E 02 2 0510E 05 2 7451E 02 8 5035E 01 3 1716E 03 2 7555E 02 2 0633E 05 2 6356E 02 8 5098E 01 3 0842E 03 2 6452E 02 2 0755E 05 2 5345E 02 8 5156E 01 3 0014E 03 2 5436E 02 2 0878E 05 2 4412E 02 8 5210E 01 2 9231E 03 2 4497E 02 2 1000E 05 2 3547E 02 8 5255E 01 2 8464E 03 2 3628E 02 Page 95 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 25 Appendix B Contact Details Please direct all queries or comments regarding the KinetiQ instrument or manual to Newtons4th Ltd 30 Loughborough Rd Mountsorrel LOUGHBOROUGH LE12 7AT United Kingdom Tel 0116 230 1066 international 44 116 230 1066 Fax 0116 230 1061 international 44 116 230 1061 E mail address sales newtons4th com office newtons4th com web site www newtons4th com At Newtons4th Ltd we have a policy of continuous product improvement and are always keen to hear comments whether favourable or unfavourable from users of our products An example comment form can be found at the end of this
25. 4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 18 IMPEDANCE METER LCR MODE The meter is used to measure the impedance of different circuits and can range from 100mQ2 to 100kQ Typically used in power line carrier applications this could be a line trap or parallel L C in a line tuner etc Figure 18 1 shows an example of the LCR mode display The signal generator must be turned on to read impedance Note when LCR mode is selected it automatically turns the signal generator on For impedance measurements normally the low output of the signal generator is fed into the high Z input and the circuit under test Through the internal shunt the instrument measures the current drawn from the signal generator while the input measures the voltage across the circuit being tested When sweeping across a band the instrument can detect up to two impedance peaks and markers can be set for both From the fundamental components of voltage a jb and those of the current c jd the complex impedance is given by z v i a jb c jd IMPEDANCE METER frequency 150 000k Hz Pe oook Hz impedance level 49 69 omms tran phase 000 30 level 2 1833 V 43 936m A MEASURE Speed SOs2 medium ee Figure 18 1 Impedance Meter Display Page 64 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 18 1 LCR Screen Display Areas The main area shows frequency impedance phase and level measurement
26. Connections Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 19 4 Example VSWR Sweep Test The sweep function can be enabled in the VSWR impedance mode The load or line tuner may be swept to determine the frequency it is tuned to and the bandwidth This information can be used to confirm that the VSWR figures comply with the system specification over the swept frequency band Note The sweep function only works in the impedance mode Page 76 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 20 FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSER FRA MODE The Frequency Response Analyzer FRA has a frequency range of 5Hz to 5MHz and is used to measure the dynamic response of a system or piece of equipment A sine wave is applied to the system under test and the resulting output response is measured Figure 20 1 shows the Frequency Response Analyzer display screen FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYZER frequency 90 0000k Hz gain 0 006 as phase 000 71 level 4 0875 Y 4 0847 Y GENERATOR frequency level 2 0000 Vrms output low 50 o JU gt c MEASURE speed 500 medium INPUT input high Figure 20 1 Frequency Response Analyzer Page 77 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 20 1 FRA Screen Display Areas The main area shows frequency gain phase and delay measurements as follows Frequency This is the frequency the generator has been set to
27. R ZE VSWR Zo WARNING In this mode make sure any transmitter connected to the communication line is turned OFF before connecting the instrument to the cable Page 73 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual Figure 19 2 Impedance Method Connection 19 3 Example VSWR Direct Coupler Method Test The directional coupler method is used to take VSWR readings using the local transmitter as the signal source The directional coupler input and output is connected in the communication cable between the transmitter output and the transmitter load ie in figure 19 4 a Line Tuner Figure 19 3 shows the directional coupler display screen and Figure 19 4 shows the directional coupler connections The coupler is used to measure the reflection coefficient F which in turn is used to calculate the VSWR The reflection coefficient cl Vrev Vfwd The VSWR VSWR Page 74 Vfwd Vrev _ Vfwd Vrev Ez Vrev e 2 Vfwd _ 1 rw 1 Vrev e Vfwa Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual Page 75 gt VSWR METER DIRECTIONAL COUPLER frequency GENERATOR 100 000k Hz i i reflected level 0 O O 56 44 dB a iima low 50 E forward reflected 10 01 dBm 46 43 dBm Fru VSWR aia 1 003 0 013 dB MEASURE bandwidth center frequency 50 amp 100 Hz fixed Figure 19 3 Directional Coupler Method To Transmitter or signal source Figure 19 4 Directional Coupler
28. a Data Screen The instrument Data screen is accessed by pressing the System Key followed by the left arrow key This displays the following system information serial number impedance manufacturing code main release DSP release FPGA release boot release and last calibration From this data the user can see the instrument traceability information firmware release levels calibration date etc and determine if any updates are necessary or if the instrument is due calibration Page 48 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 15 APP KEY This function allows the main default setup of the application option selected Figure 15 1 shows what appears when the Inductance option is selected APPLICATION SELECTION Application inductance To configure the default options for this application select the Initialize option below and press ENTER Initialize Connect the low output to component and to low input Measurement series circuit Output impedance 502 Generator frequency 1 00000KHz Low output amplitude 1 0000 Vrms Figure 15 1 15 1 App Key Functions menus Application Has a selection of normal oscilloscope Capacitance inductance and resistance available When the option is selected and Initialize is entered this allows the main default options menu of that application to appear Once selections have been made press the Home key and the a
29. ae Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 USER MANUAL 10V pk 10V pk 100V px OIV pk se ectable selectable 500 1mo GND CH1 INPUT SANAL Selective Level Meter SLM3 505 10V pk OUTPUT CH2 INPUT ELECTIVE LEVEL METER 49 9992k Hz 2 0296 y 19 12 dBm 2 0296 Y DELETE W ENTER a a o gt 2 az aS A mn rx m 2 v a a 4 gt gt 5 o Mo Sil pS m 3 m z z v o N fa 3 of ou v Q 3 o 5 2 a m Do not be hasty when making measurements The SLM3505 is a precision instrument that provides you with the tools to make a wide variety of measurements accurately reliably and efficiently but good metrology practice must be observed Take time to read this manual and familiarise yourself with the features of the instrument in order to use it most effectively DANGER OF ELECTRIC SHOCK Only qualified personnel should install this equipment after reading and understanding this user manual If in doubt consult your supplier RISQUE D ELECTROCUTION L installation de cet quipement ne doit tre confi e qu a un personnel qualifi ayant lu et compris le pr sent manuel d utilisation Dans le doute s adresser au fournisseur GEFAHR VON ELEKTRISCHEM SCHOCK Nur entsprechend ausgebildetes Personal ist berechtigt diese Ausr stung nach dem Lesen und Verst ndnis dieses Anwendungshandbuches zu installieren Falls Sie Zweifel haben sollten wenden Sie sich bitte an Ihren Liefera
30. amp Name These functions are used together Location must have a number but name is optional and can remain as empty Using the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys allows the location to be incremented or decremented 0 factory default See menus and controls section and figure 4 1 for entering alpha numeric characters Execute Execute is used to control the action option After selecting an action store recall or delete the execute option is selected and the enter key pressed If the memory location selected already has results or a setup stored then the option select here and press ENTER to overwrite appears warning the user the location number already has data stored in it Page 52 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 16 2 Example Sweep Results Store Recall Process e This example shows the steps necessary to store and recall a set of sweep results It assumes you have already carried out a sweep and either displayed a table of results or a graph from that sweep Figure 16 1 displays the Program Store Recall screen PROGRAM STORE RECALL Memory Internal File type results action store location 3 name user data Will Power execute select here and press ENTER to overwrite memory status ready available files 2 free space 1 073G Bytes Figure 16 1 Page 53 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 16 2 Storing Results Press the Prog key e Displays the
31. ble for that function The four arrow keys are then used to navigate around the menu use the UP DOWN arrow keys to place a highlight box over the desired option and then press the RIGHT arrow key to select and show any further options available Use the UP DOWN arrow keys again to place a highlight box over the relevant option and then press the ENTER key Where the column selection has a numeric value such as voltage or frequency the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys are used together with the secondary function number and letter keys to adjust the value When the new value has been set press the ENTER key Press the HOME ESC key at any time to abort the present activity and revert to the previous menu or ultimately the main function screen The 12 keys on the left side all have three functions The function below the key is the primary function The function above the key is the secondary function A third function not shown is an alphanumeric keypad as below OUTPUT 1 INPUT ABC2 MEASURE DEF3 SWEEP GHI4 TUNE JKLS5 ZERO MNO6 AUX PQR 7 REMOTE TUV8 MONITOR WXYZ9 SYSTEM Space APP 0 PROG Upper Lower case selection Up Arrow Increments all letters and characters Down Arrow Decrements all letters and characters Page 14 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 4 2 Getting started with Initial signal capture Introduction This may be the first time the instrument has been operated and therefore the us
32. ble in memory and how much memory space is still available All file directory information can be displayed by pressing the Prog key and then the SLM button This will allow all the information to be displayed as a table and show what the internal file directory contains By pressing the SLM button again exits the directory Note This information is also available to be read over the instrument communication link Page 51 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 16 1 Prog Key Functions Memory Memory has two options internal and USB memory stick The instrument has one gigabyte of internal memory Note USB Memory stick appears in blue if no device has been detected File type Data has two options program and results Program allows the user to store a program setup that may be used to provide a specific set of tests Results allow the user to store the results with their configuration from a specific reading or sweep Action Action has three options recall store and delete While previously selecting program or results from the data function the user must decide whether to recall store or delete the data When storing up to 999 setups readings can be saved and each must have a unique number Memory location 0 is the factory default setting The delete option allows the user to delete any setup or reading Location
33. cted this adds marker 1 function to the left menu and If dual is selected this also adds marker 2 function to the left menu allowing the setting of a specific frequency to be entered While in the sweep mode it draws a vertical line on the graph at that frequency allowing the user to determine the measurement at that desired frequency The frequency is set by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 MW Search for Peak Has two options on and off However in LCR mode it has three options Off Single and Dual If on is selected this draws a vertical line at the frequency of peak measurement or the option of one or two frequency peaks in LCR mode The screen in Figure 8 2 shows a sweep across a frequency band of 150KHz to 250KHz It shows the peak impedance of 43 971kQ at 200KHz with the marker set at 209KHz Page 34 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 20 40 38 150 000kHz 209 000kHz 250 000kHz Figure 8 2 Start The start function starts the sweep mode Page 35 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 9 TUNE KEY Has five functions centre frequency step type frequency step auto tune type and start auto tune This selects the tuning method for the selective level meter SLM and effectively tunes the instrument for a particular frequency to look for This is used with sweep mode graph display where the inst
34. e bottom of the display and the amplitude on the Left side Once the frequency is known it can be selected as in the known frequency setup and can be analyzed in more detail Page 16 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 5 OUTPUT KEY The Output key controls the Signal Generator Figure 5 1 displays the menu functions and options available GENERATOR SETTINGS amplitude control vV low output amplitude 2 0000Vrms amplitude step 1 1000 waveform sinewave fsk control disabled generator frequency 50 0000Hz frequency step 2 00000 times output off Figure 5 1 The signal generator is a Direct Digital Synthesis DDS single or sweep frequency generator It generates Sine Square and Triangular waveforms over a frequency range from 5Hz to 5MHz together with a white noise option The signal generator s high level output is 2W into a 50 ohm load 10v rms 10KHz to 5MHz The low level output is 5V rms into high impedance load 5Hz to 5MHz It may be used independently of the other instruments that are connected to the instrument or in conjunction with them The output negative is connected to the case Page 17 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 5 1 Genrator Menu Functions Amplitude Control Has three options V dBm or dBu and controls how amplitude and amplitude step is displayed on the screen Amplitude is displayed either in Volts dBm or dBu and is adjusted using the ow output amplitude
35. e type e Select results Location e Using the Left Right arrow keys increase or decrease until the number required is found Name e The correct name should be displayed Action e Select delete then Enter Execute e Select execute then Enter this should now display the name empty for that location number Page 56 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 16 4 Memory Status Displayed In Red Memory status monitors one of two items It lets the user know how much memory is available either internally or on the USB memory stick The available files function lets the user know how many data files are stored either internally or on the USB memory stick Storing data to the memory stick creates two files One file extension is pcs and is used by the software interface provided by Newtons4th Ltd The other file is a comma delimited text file with the txt extension Full information is provided in the appendix on this file format Page 57 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 17 SELECTIVE LEVEL METER SLM MODE The instrument is used when checking signal lines and is designed to measure the level of individual frequencies from 5 Hz to 5 MHz The input signal is normally connected to the high Z input or if terminated the 500 input Figure 17 1 shows an example of the SLM mode display SELECTIVE LEVEL METER 20 41 51 frequency GENERATOR 50 0000k Hz jja e A lev
36. el level 2 2124 E a output a V low 50 19 87 dm wideband 2 2128 V MEASURE bandwidth center frequency 50 lt 2 100 Hz generator frequency Figure 17 1 Selective Level Meter Display Page 58 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 17 1 SLM Screen Display Areas The main area shows frequency level and wideband measurements as follows Frequency is the centre frequency s the instrument has been set to measure This is either the generator frequency input frequency single or dual frequencies Level is the rms voltage and dBm signal level seen over the measurement frequency bandwidth referenced to the centre frequency Wideband is the rms voltage signal level across the entire frequency range 5Hz to 5MHz of the instrument This is useful for determining if there are any other signals present or noise The other areas are GENERATOR area Displays the generator frequency the output level and if the output is set to low high or off Note The output level of the generator when connected to one of the inputs may differ to the measurement reading on the SLM display This is apparent when the load isn t equal to the generator impedance setting INPUT area Displays the input channel selected When the INPUT displays anything but high it is in the terminate mode The inputs available are high Z 50 18 W low level a
37. entry and return to the original level highlight clear OdB reference and then press enter 7 2 LCR Mode measurement menu functions LA MW This mode has three functions Measurement speed and filter They are adjusted for optimum measurement settings depending on requirements allowing the user to measure the characteristics of different electrical circuits Page 26 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 7 3 Measurement Has three options impedance magnitude parallel circuit and series circuit The impedance magnitude option is normally used for measuring the peak impedance of line traps or parallel L C circuits at their resonant frequency and captures the highest magnitude measured The parallel circuit and series circuit option measures the amount of inductance Or capacitance seen by the instrument in that circuit Measuring inductance requires keeping the frequency below the self resonance of the circuit Wy NN Ny NN Speed Has five options very slow slow medium fast and very fast Selection is chosen for optimum measurement update and is a tradeoff between display stability and update time Setting the option to fast whilst carrying out a sweep decreases the sweep time whilst slow increases sweep time Filter Has three options normal slow and none This sets how many samples the instrument takes be
38. equency Step function determines the multiple amount the frequency changes when required to step up or step down The Step type can be either set for linear or logarithmic depending on user preference Settings for these options can be entered by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 Once the step has been set using the L R arrow keys with the main display will increase decrease the generator by the step factor Note If the generator is off when using the L R arrows the frequency changes on the main display if the generator is on the frequency changes in the generator window only Output This controls the relevant output connection and has three options off low and high When the high level output is selected the impedance is fixed at 500 750 optional However selecting the ow output adds another function to the left menu Output Impedance This function allows the right menu options of 502 759 or 6002 output impedance to be selected Page 19 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 6 INPUT KEY This controls the signal input connections the menu has three functions input scale factor and CH1 input ranging These options are in all modes however an additional CH2 input ranging function is available in FRA mode Figure 6 1 displays this screen INPUT SETTINGS input high Z scale factor 1 0000 CH1 input ranging 1 1000 Figure 6 1 Page
39. er may not be familiar with the initial set up Always allow 30 minutes warm up time before use to ensure accurate measurements The primary function of the SLM3505 is for checking signal lines and is designed to measure the level of individual frequencies from 5 Hz to 5 MHz Therefore this section provides guidance in order to capture signals which are initially known or unknown in frequency or amplitude A more detailed function of the main menu options is explained later in this manual Signal Connection The signal line should initially be connected to the 300v input as it may not be known what amplitude of signal is expected This will safeguard the instrument until the exact amplitudes are known Known frequency Setup This procedure can be used if the frequency of interest is already known 1 Select SLM mode by pressing the SLM button 2 Press the input key and from the menu set the input to high z Scale factor to 1 0000 and CH1 input ranging to full autorange 3 Press the measure key and from the menu set the centre frequency to single fixed and enter the known frequency set the bandwidth to 3 1KHz and press the Esc key The instrument will look around the entered frequency and display the amplitude in Volts and dBm Note if the source frequency is unstable selecting AFC from the centre frequency options is recommended Page 15 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual Unknown frequenc
40. erator is on before starting a sweep SWEEP SETTINGS display real time sweep start 30 0000kHz sweep end 500 000kHz sweep steps 32 sweep type logarithmic sweep type single peak hold off graph scaling auto Frequency marker off search for peak off start Figure 8 1 Page 32 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 8 1 Sweep Menu Functions Display Has three options real time table and graph Sweeping a band of frequencies stores each step into a table After the sweep is completed this information may then be displayed as either a table or a graph depending on the option selected Selecting real time returns the display back to normal operation This information may be saved via the PROG key either internally on a memory stick or directly to a PC Refer to section 16 for saving information Sweep Start Sweep End and Sweep Steps The sweep start and sweep end sets the two frequencies over which the band will cover The sweep steps sets the amount of steps taken to cover the frequency band at each step a reading is taken and is set depending on the accuracy and resolution required This can be a maximum of 2000 however the more steps entered the more memory is required The frequencies and steps can be entered by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 Linear Example of sweeping from 100 kHz to 200 kHz in 1 kHz steps Start by subtractin
41. ewtons 4 Ltd The impedance method uses the signal generator as the current source and an input normally the high z to measure the voltage developed across the load From these two values the impedance and VSWR is calculated The directional coupler method uses a separate piece of equipment a Directional Coupler plugged into the balanced inputs The coupler is connected between the transmitter and its load and provides directly measured values of forward and reflected power from which the VSWR is calculated gt VSWR METER CIMPEDANCE METHOD gt frequency GENERATOR 50 0000k Hz ay ih reflected level a 2 2300 Vrms O l O 1 40 45 dB output low forward reflected 20 01dBm 20 44dBm eur input VSWR 1 019 0 082 dB MEASURE speed 50 2 medium Figure 19 1 VSWR Mode Page 71 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 19 1 VSWR Screen Display Areas The main area shows frequency reflected reflected dB forward dBm reflected dBm vswr and clarified as follows Frequency is the frequency the generator is currently running at Forward dBm amp Reflected dBm Shows the calculated amount of forward and reflected power seen in the communication line Reflected dB Is the difference between the forward dBm and reflected dBm Reflected Is the result of reflected dB reflected dBm x 100 This is the reflected power dis
42. fore updating the display and effectively smoothes the readings If none is selected then the readings are unfiltered and more prone to noise VSWR Mode measurement menu functions This mode has four functions method reference impedance speed and filter These selections set the type of coupling speeds and filter sampling required Method Allows the selection of two options impedance and directional coupler The impedance method allows computation of a transmission line VSWR from analyzing the measured line impedance without needing a direct coupler Selecting direct coupler adds scale factor centre frequency and bandwidth to the function menu where appropriate options can be entered Using a direct coupler allows the actual forward and reflected voltages to be measured on CH1 and CH2 A direct coupler is available as an optional extra Page 27 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual Reference impedance Allows the selection of six impedance options 509 752 1202 1352 150 and 6002 and is necessary when using the impedance method to make dB calculations Speed Has five options very slow slow medium fast and very fast Selection is chosen for optimum measurement update and is a tradeoff between display stability and update time Setting the option to fast whilst carrying out a Sweep decreases the sweep time whilst Slow i
43. g 100 kHz from 200 kHz This gives the difference of 100 kHz Set the number of steps for 100 plus one or 101 Since the sweep starts at 100 kHz and goes to 200 kHz there are 101 1 kHz steps Thus each step is 1 kHz apart Sweep Type Is displayed twice on the function menu as there are two different options for each function These options are linear logarithmic and single continuous these are set depending on the type of sweep required The continuous option repeats the sweep until the HOME ESC key is pressed which stops the sweep Page 33 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual Peak Hold Has two options on and off However it is only operational when the continuous sweep option is selected As the sweeps continue this allows the present sweep readings to be compared against the previous readings which then determines the highest level reached Graph Scaling Has two options auto and manual in most cases auto scaling will work and adjusts the graph scale automatically to suite the measurement levels When a more specific graph scale is needed then the manual option may be selected This adds two functions to the left menu graph maximum and graph minimum here both levels can be specifically set by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 Frequency Marker Has three options off single and dual If single is sele
44. hase plots the phase angle difference between the two channels Computation Computation has two options ch2 ch1 and ch1 ch2 The chosen option determines how the graph displays the results of the frequency response sweep Oscilloscope Mode The oscilloscope is can be either single or dual trace and has a sample rate of 5Msamples s and a time base sweep of 5us div to 5s div this provides the user with a convenient tool for displaying and analyzing input waveforms Sample display is shown in Fig 7 3 This section provides the basic information necessary to use the instrument Use the HI oo input as channel 1 1MQ 300v pk and CH2 input 10v pk 1MQ as channel 2 Refer to section 3 4 Instrument controls and connections for connector orientation Make sure the setting for channel 1 is high Z channel 2 is fixed at 1MQ and confirm the CH1 setting before using the oscilloscope During operation using the UP DOWN arrow keys will increase or decrease the trigger level whist the LEFT RIGHT arrow keys will increase or decrease the trace sweep time The oscilloscope has six functions available timebase trigger level trigger mode trigger polarity pretrigger and traces These are shown below in Fig 7 2 oscilloscope setting screen Caution Only use the HI oo input and CH2 input being aware that CH2 input is only rated at 10v pk However the HI o
45. inary O is coded as a block of 1010 The binary signal is converted into a 3 level signal by alternating the polarity of consecutive blocks The alternation in polarity of blocks is violated every 8 bit The current release represents a binary 1 with a 1V and a O with OV The nominal bit rate is 256 Kb s with a test load impedance of 120 ohms 21 6BER Test Mode The BER module has 4 test modes namely Transmit and Receive Transmit Receive and Loopback Mode In transmit and receive mode the PRBS generator and the receiver is enabled Tx SLM 3505 Rx Page 84 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual However in this mode 2 SLMs will be able to communicate with each other as shown below SLM 3505 SLM 3505 In transmit mode the PRBS generator is enabled and the receiver is disabled SLM 3505 In receive mode the PRBS generator is disabled and the receiver is enabled SLM 3505 RX j Loopback Mode currently disabled amasos SLM 3505 Transmit and Rx Rx Receive Mode Loopback Page 85 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 21 7 BER Test Setup The drawing in the figure below shows the connections necessary to perform the BER test using the low Lo Hi Unbalanced Inputs 21 8 Measure Menu The measure menu shows Mode Pattern BER Send Mode BERT Mode BER Transmit Mode Output Input and Amplitude Control as
46. ion instructions in section 4 1 Page 24 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual When dual fixed is selected this removes the second centre frequency frequency step and step type function and replaces them with centre frequency 1 and centre frequency 2 This allows the levels at the two set frequencies to be measured The two option frequencies can be changed by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 The input frequency is the frequency of the input signal and is usually used when a clean spot frequency is known bandwidth Has nine options wide 3 1KHz 1 95KHz 600Hz 400Hz 360Hz 100Hz 25Hz 3Hz and 1Hz This sets the frequency window around the centre frequency The wide setting lets the meter see all frequencies across the range 5Hz to 5MHz and the amplitude displayed is the addition of all the frequencies seen Note the bandwidth is always displayed on the bottom of the screen even when not selected The 100Hz bandwidth is normally used with RF carrier frequencies The 25Hz bandwidth is normally used with audio tones or when frequencies are closely spaced where the 100Hz filter would not work Reference impedance Has six impedance options in this sub menu these are 502 752 12092 1352 1502 and 6002 These options set the internal reference impedance that the selective level meter uses for dBm
47. ions centre frequency bandwidth reference impedance zero reference threshold peak level bargraph display and filter They are selected for optimum measurement settings depending on user need Note the menu functions will alter when some options are selected Center Frequency Has six options generator frequency AFC Automatic Frequency Capture single fixed dual fixed and input frequency These options control how the input s determine the frequency displayed on the screen The generator frequency is the frequency the instrument is generating When AFC is selected this adds a second centre frequency AFC Gain frequency step and step type to the function menu This allows the frequency to be automatically centered and the level to be measured or moved up or down by the step frequency in a linear or logarithmic amount The AFC gain can be increased if there is trouble locking onto the frequency However the higher the gain the stability will suffer slightly as a result When single fixed is selected this adds a second centre frequency frequency step and step type to the function menu This allows the original input centre frequency level to be measured or moved up or down by the step frequency in a linear or logarithmic amount The frequency settings can be changed by following the Keypad Operat
48. le Header Format Explanation oooccicncicnnicnnonccnnncononcononcononcnncrnononnnos 93 24 3 Text File Example Sweep Datta ccesssssssssssessessssesessesssassessesssarseseesseasees 94 25 Appendix B Contact Details cis s cs jess hash spestnasnats Sateae es deserts Rates 96 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Manual Layout and Content The layout of this manual is in a manner that introduces the SLM3505 to the user and helps with the familiarization and understanding of the functionality application features menues and performance of the instrument While it is possible to use the manual to review specific functions it is recommended that you read the complete manual before using the instrument for the first time The information in this manual is believed to be accurate and complete but Newtons4th Ltd cannot accept any liability whatsoever for any consequential damage or losses arising from errors inaccuracies or omissions Release revision 2 65 16 January 2012 Page 3 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 1 2 Instrument Functions The SLM3505 Selective Level Meter was designed to provide a single instrument solution for multiple applications in the communication industry and specifically the Power System Communication environment Features include e Frequency Selective Level Voltmeter e Signal Generator e VSWR Meter e Impedance Analyzer e Frequency Response Analyzer e LCR Meter Inductance Capacitance Resistance Measurement
49. liary Port Settings and is for future applications it is not functional at this time The screen in Figure 11 1 appears when the key is pressed AUXILIARY PORT SETTINGS This is reserved to control accessories connected to the AUX port There are no accessories currently available Pres ESC to return to the measurements Figure 11 1 Page 41 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 12 REMOTE KEY This function is used to set the communication interface with the instrument The key has three functions resolution interface and baud rate which only appears in the function menu when the RS232 option is selected An I P address appears in the function menu when the LAN port is selected USB is self connecting and only requires the user to tell the program in the computer which COM port the USB is connected to Page 42 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 12 1 Remote Key Functions Resolution Has two options normal and high this alters the number of digits being displayed Interface Has three options RS232 USB and LAN depending on the interface the user requires to connect the instrument with Baud Rate Only appears when RS232 interface is selected and has four settings 38400 19200 9600 and 1200 depending on the data rate of the system the instrument is interfacing with USB Option The USB option activates the Type B connector at the bottom of the me
50. manual if you have any comments or observations on the product please fill a copy of this form with as much detail as possible then fax or post it to us Alternatively send an e mail with your comments Page 96 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual SLM3505 comments serial main release number dsp release fpga release boot release press SYS then LEFT your contact details comments detailed description of application or circumstances Please post or fax to Newtons4th Ltd Page 97 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual
51. mpedance mode Select the output menu and set the frequency to 1KHz the low output is automatically selected in this mode Other options leave as default settings Select the input menu and set the input to low level Other options leave as default settings Select the measure menu and set the measurement to parallel circuit Other options leave as default settings Connect the instrument and DUT capacitor as per Fig 18 7 below then revert to the main display where it will show the measured capacitance Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual NOTE The instrument here is shown upside down BALANCED 500 18W HIGH Z HIGH LOW CH2 INPUT INPUTS LOW LEVEL PEVEL LEVEL GROUND inpor OT INPUT GENERATOR OUTPUTS Connectto Low 4mm to BNC Connectto Low lt ove level output Adapter level Input Fig 18 7 Page 70 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 19 VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO VSWR MODE The VSWR Meter is generally used to measure the standing wave ratio of a communications transmission line and associated circuitry It is derived from the max standing wave value against the min standing wave value therefore a ratio but commonly expressed as a percentage Figure 19 1 shows the VSWR mode display The instrument uses two different methods to make these measurements The first method uses impedance the second uses an external directional coupler Option available from N
52. ncreases sweep time Filter Has three options normal slow and none This sets how many samples the instrument takes before updating the display and effectively smoothes the readings If none is selected then the readings are unfiltered and more prone to noise 7 4 FRA Mode measurement menu functions This mode has four functions speed filter graph and computation These selections choose the type of update speeds filtering frequency response graphic display and input channel computaion settings required Speed Has five options very slow slow medium fast and very fast Selection is chosen for optimum measurement update and is a tradeoff between display stability and update time Setting the option to fast whilst carrying out a sweep decreases the sweep time whilst Slow increases sweep time Filter Filter has three options normal slow and none This sets how many samples the instrument takes before updating the display and effectively smoothes the readings If none is selected then the readings are unfiltered and more prone to noise Page 28 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 7 5 Graph Graph has two options gain and phase This sets how the frequency response is displayed the two options work in conjunction with the computation option Selecting gain plots the gain or loss of the signal levels between the two channels P
53. nd balanced MEASURE area Displays its impedance reference the frequency bandwidth and the centre frequency control settings Although the input impedance may be set to high the dBm reading must be referenced to an impedance value normally 50 for carrier applications However some utilities still use 600Q Page 59 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 17 2 Example SLM Carrier Frequency Test The general instrument setup for carrier testing is for the input signal to be set and connected to the high Z input The reference measurement impedance set to 500 and measurement frequency bandwidth at 100Hz 17 3 Example SLM Audio Tone Test The general instrument setup for audio tones is for the input signal to be set and connected to the balanced input The reference measurement impedance set to 6002 and measurement frequency bandwidth at 25Hz 17 4 Example SLM to SLM Passive Sweep Check This test checks the condition of a transmission line by assessing signal levels swept over a wide frequency band Normally the SLM is looking for a spot frequency signal and shows the level in volts and dBm However this does not provide information about possible abnormalities residing on the line There are two ways of doing this the first method needs a clean signal and is faster whilst the second is more tolerant to signal condition but slower The tests use two SLM units the first unit is the transmitter connected to one end
54. nd other pertinent information The data may be imported into Excel or other programs that can access comma delimited files Section 21 1 is the header information from a sample impedance sweep file The information in the header is explained in the Header Format following the example file Note The header information varies based on the setup of the instrument Page 91 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 24 1 Example Text File NEWTONS4TH LTD Instrument type SLM3505 Serial number 1216 firmware version 2 13 Calibration 10_DEC_2008_1029_SBC User ID user name 1 PowerComm Solutions user name 2 user name 3 John Doe Record file name PCA_RO11 TXT name Test datestamp mmddyyyy 05262009 timestamp 1132 measurement settings mode impedance meter measurement impedance magnitude speed medium filter normal generator settings amplitude control V low output amplitude 2 0000E 00 Vrms amplitude step 1 1000E 00 fsk control disabled generator frequency 5 0000E 04 Hz frequency step 1 0000E 02 Hz waveform sinewave output low output impedance 50 Ohms input settings input high Z scale factor 1 0000E 00 CH1 input ranging full autorange sweep settings display graph sweep start 3 0000E 04 Hz Sweep end 5 0000E 05 Hz Sweep steps 32 Sweep type linear Sweep type single graph scaling auto marker off search for peak off Page 92 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User
55. nded for indoor use only e This instrument is NOT field repairable with the exception of battery replacement Return the unit to Newtons4th Ltd for repair or replacement e Use only batteries recommended within this guide Refer to battery information under the Getting Started section of this manual NOTE Proper anti static procedures should be used when opening the instrument to change the batteries such as a grounding strap The instrument is NOT waterproof or airtight Return to the factory for evaluation if exposed to abnormal environmental conditions e Do not operate or store under conditions where condensation may occur or where conducting debris may enter the case Keep the ventilation holes on the top and bottom ends of the instrument clear e NOTE Operators should follow all standard and specific company safety procedures when using this product and accessories Special precautions must be adhered to when working with or around antennas power lines radio frequency sources etc FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH SAFETY RULES MAY RESULT IN INJURY OR DEATH e When using this instrument access to other products or system parts may be needed Read and follow the safety instructions of all utilized components Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 3 GETTING STARTED 3 1 Unpacking the Instrument The instrument was dispatched in a custom designed shipping container Upon receipt of the equipment inspect all
56. necessary to test a line trap using the high Z input However any of the inputs can be used and setting the low level output to an amplitude of 2 0V is sufficient for testing line traps Note When the trap is connected to the line care must be taken to ensure that high induced voltage from the line is not applied to the input of the instrument Make sure a portable ground is applied between the line trap and the line getaway CH2 OUTPUT BALANCED MPUT UMBALAMCED MPUTS HL LO MPUT a EE i SLM3505 Figure 18 2 Line Trap Test Connections Page 66 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 18 3 Example LCR Line Trap Sweep Test Figure 18 3 shows the display where a line trap has been tuned to 200 kHz centre frequency Figure 18 4 displays the sweep setting screen setup to sweep from 160 kHz to 250 kHz in 91 steps giving a step size of 1 kHz Figure 18 5 displays the graphical sweep of the line trap between 160kHz and 250kHz It also shows the peak impedance 45 206KQ and the impedance at the marker frequency of 6 5014KQ Figure 18 6 displays a portion of the table generated during a sweep of the line trap IMPEDANCE METER GENERATOR frequency cl 200 000k Hz 200 000k Hz impedance level A 4 3 8 k 2 0000 Vrms output 2 low 50 phase 000 02 o IMPIJT input level high 4 0596 V 688 47 p A Figure 18 3 Line Trap Impedance
57. nonconancononcnnnnoos 27 7 4 FRA Mode measurement Menu fUNCtIONS cocccicnnnicicninnonnccnnncononoononconononnnnos 28 7 5 ISC CO Pe ModE tl TA 29 rs Ram hcl xl cae wan A A A a id 32 8 1 Sweep Menu RUM e Ons cscaceciiat ec cscte ici 33 a TUNE RE oa eT a On cron eR eee mae 36 Sas TUNE MERU URAC Saca 37 10 ZERO REY A A a 38 Oe A A tetas tee Se aa 38 Tio ARE dd 41 12 TREMOTERE A A A a SE 42 12 1 Remote Key FUMGHIONS 0 SE AAA Ed 43 F MONTOR RE Void A A eigenen 44 Page 1 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 14 SYSTEM KEY sistas ale ete eked eae aki Se LC es te outa EE OA 45 T41 System Key FUNCI NS geier eee eee ei E OR 46 15 APP KEren n a E as 49 15 1 App Key Functions IMSS ot dida 49 16 PROGRESA eee ns tee ae a 51 GAs PROG ICY PUI GEIO NS yes ae ccssh ec each sacs vhe ceeeusayea atest eceue soa A E saat neearodns 52 16 2 Example Sweep Results Store Recall ProCe Ss ccccccccsecscsseeecssesecseessesesseeeees 53 162 Storing RESUS rt A A A unten ea atacand 54 16 3 Recalling RES o whe dete 55 16 4 Deleting Reside aid 56 o Status A OS 57 17 SELECTIVE LEVEL METER SLM MODE 0 o sol 58 LI SEM Screen Display AS eee dl nd ee 59 17 2 Example SLM Carrier Frequency Test ccccscsssssssssessssescsesssseessesseeeesseessees 60 17 3 Example SLM Audio Tone TESt ccesscsessssessssesssssesssesssaessceesssseseseeseeseessasses 60 17 4 Example SLM to SLM Passive Sweep CHECK ou cceccsseeseescseessseess
58. nten RISCHIO DI SCARICHE ELETTRICHE Solo personale qualificato pu installare questo strumento dopo la lettura e la comprensione di questo manuale Se esistono dubbiconsultate il vostro rivenditore PELIGRO DE DESCARGA EL CTRICA Solo personal cualificado debe instalar este instrumento despu s de la lectura y comprensi n de este manual de usuario En caso de duda consultar con su suministrador IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS This equipment is designed to comply with BSEN 61010 1 2001 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use observe the following precautions e Ensure that the supply voltage agrees with the rating of the instrument printed on the back panel before connecting the mains cord to the supply e This appliance must be earthed Ensure that the instrument is powered from a properly grounded supply e The inputs are rated at 1kV rms or dc cat II 600V rms or dc cat 111 Do not exceed the rated input e Keep the ventilation holes on the underneath and rear free from obstruction e Do not operate or store under conditions where condensation may occur or where conducting debris may enter the case e There are no user serviceable parts inside the instrument do not attempt to open the instrument refer service to the manufacturer or his appointed agent Newtons4th reserves the right to make changes to this document or the product it describes at any time
59. o input can be used up to 300v pk Page 29 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual OSCILLOSCOPE SETTINGS Mode oscilloscope timebase 200 0us div trigger level 200 0mV trigger mode auto trigger polarity rising edge pre trigger 25 traces single Figure 7 2 Timebase Sets the sweep rate of the oscilloscope the setting can be adjusted by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 Trigger level Sets the minimum voltage required to start a sweep and can be adjusted by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 Trigger mode Has three options auto normal and single shot Auto puts the oscilloscope in the auto run mode where the trace is synchronized to the trigger event However in this mode it draws a trace even if no trigger event is seen Normal Sets the trace to respond to each trigger event If there are no trigger events the display is not updated until a trigger event occurs Single shot Sets the trace to respond only to the first trigger event captured By pressing the Home Esc key re arms the trigger circuit for the next event capture Trigger Polarity Has two options rising edge and falling edge Selecting rising edge sets the oscilloscope to start the sweep when the trigger voltage goes positive Selecting falling edge sets the oscilloscope to start the sweep when the trigger
60. or Selectivity Narrow 25Hz Wide 3 1KHz Pass bandwidth a lt 0 5dB 4Hz 480Hz Pass bandwidth a 3dB 12Hz 1 5KHz Stop Band Attenuation Wa gt 30dB 240Hz Stop Band Attenuation Wa gt 60dB 6KHz High Voltage Input Max Input 300v Peak Input Impedance 1MO 5 30pf 500 Input Max Input 18W 30v rms Input Impedance 500 1 30pf Low Level Input Max Input 10v Peak 500 1 30pf Input Impedance 750 11 30pf 6000 1 30pf 1MO 5 30pf Input Balanced Max Input 10v Peak 500 1 30pf Input Impedance 750 51 30pt 6000 1 30pf 1MO 5 30pf Input Type Differential Input Connection 3 x 4mm Connectors Positive Negative amp Gnd Second Input Channel 2 CH2 10v Peak 1MQ 5 30pf Page 88 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manua SIGNAL GENERATOR Generator Type Direct Digital Synthesis DDS Single Frequency or sweep Generator Waveforms Sinewave Square Triangle White Noise Frequency Accuracy 5ppm over all temperature range 6 digit resolution Magnitude Accuracy 1 1 MHz 4 digit resolution High Level Output Frequency range 10KHz to 5MHz Output Level 2W into 500 10v rms 500 2 Output Impedance 750 2 Option Low Level Output Frequency range 5Hz to 5MHz Output Level 5Vrms into high impedance Output
61. or the highest signal level Manual will add CH1 input range to the menu where the user can define which range is used This is also applicable to Channel 2 when used in FRA mode The Low Level manual ranges selectable are 1mV 3mV 10mV 30mV 100mV 300mV 1V 3V 10V The High z Level manual ranges selectable are 30mV 100mV 300mV 1V 3V 10V 30V 100V 300V Page 22 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 7 MEASURE KEY This is a multifunction key and is used to set the measurement options for the different modes of operation The screen in Figure 7 1 appears when in SLM mode and MEASURE is selected However the functions will change depending on the mode selected as described below MEASUREMENT SETTINGS Mode selective level meter centre frequency generator frequency bandwidth 100Hz reference impedance 502 zero reference 0 000dBm threshold 50 00 dBm peak level off bargraph display off filter normal Figure 7 1 Mode Can select five different instruments selective level meter SLM impedance meter LCR frequency response meter FRA and voltage standing wave ratio VSWR meter These modes may also be selected by the four round keys on the right side of the keypad However the only way to select the oscilloscope is from the mode option menu Page 23 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 7 1 SLM Mode measurment menu functions This mode has eight funct
62. played as a percentage VSWR Is shown as the calculated ratio and also expressed as a power in dB Return Loss Is shown and is expressed in dB The other areas are GENERATOR area Displays the generator frequency the output level and if the output is set to low high or off INPUT area Displays the input channel selected When the INPUT displays anything but high it is in the terminate mode The inputs available are high Z 50 18 W low level and balanced Note when directional coupler is selected the input is automatically set to balanced input MEASURE area Displays the measurement impedance reference and the speed of measurement update Page 72 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 19 2 Example VSWR Impedance Method Test In order to take VSWR readings using the impedance method connect the low output of the signal generator and the communication cable to the high Z input Note Only the low output of the generator may be used to take VSWR readings in the impedance method Figure 19 1 shows the display screen and figure 19 2 the connections Ideally for a line terminated in its own characteristic impedance there is no reflection any other impedance will result in a reflection The calculated reflection will be ratio of the output impedance and the load impedance The reflection coefficient _ ZL Zo ZL ZO y The VSW
63. ppropriate display will appear Oscilloscope Menu Setup options are as follows and explanations for each setting can be found under the main mode or measurement key description Input high z 502 18W low level balanced Impedance high impedance 502 759 6002 Timebase enter time div Trigger level enter voltage level Trigger mode auto normal single shot Trigger polarity rising edge falling edge Pretrigger none 25 50 75 Traces single dual ch2 current Cursors on off Page 49 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual Capacitance Inductance amp Resistance Menu Setup options are as follows and explanations for each setting can be found under the main mode or measurement key description Measurement parallel circuit series circuit Output impedance 502 759 600 Generator frequency enter frequency Hz Low output amplitude enter voltage level rms Page 50 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 16 PROG KEY Allows the user to internally or externally store and recall instrument setups and readings It has the following functions memory file type action Wy NN location name and execute The memory information in red at the bottom of the screen displays memory status available files and free space This applies to the internal or external memory whichever is selected They inform the user of the memory status how many files are availa
64. providing the user with a battery status indication When running on battery power the monitor goes from green to orange to red indicating the state of the batteries The instrument will beep and a prompt on the screen appears when power levels are at a stage when data or set up information should be stored When receiving the instrument it is recommended that the batteries are first charged and fully discharged two or three times to help extend battery life Finally fully charge the batteries before using the instrument Page 9 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual The system provides the following indications while the batteries are charging e When charging blue with gt gt gt gt e When finished charging but power connected blank e If batteries get too hot charging is suspended red with XXXX Changing the batteries Only qualified personnel trained and knowledgeable in electronic instrument repair and safety having read this guide should attempt to change the batteries Disconnect the instrument from all external power sources Remove the four 4 hex bolts from the sides of the instrument housing 2 on each side NOTE Proper anti static precautions should be used when opening the instrument such as a grounding strap Note the position and location of all ribbon cables Disconnect ribbon cables as necessary to securely rest the instrument cover face down Cut the tie wraps holding the batteries in and remove all
65. ransmitters etc as this input provides termination The high Z input should be used when measuring RF carrier signals or signals that require minimal loading All inputs are isolated from ground Page 21 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual High Z This is the high impedance input Use it for carrier readings when possible or low current signals This will prevent possible damage to the lower voltage inputs as it affectively puts no load on the source 50 Q 18W This is a terminated input and puts a 50 Q load on the source Only use this input if signal is less than 18 watts 30V RMS Low level and Balanced These inputs have the option to be used in either differential high Z or terminated mode Terminations are 509 759 or 6002 and selectable from the low level or balanced input options menu and then the impedance options menu Scale Factor This option is used to compensate for an attenuator or a scope probe If using a X10 probe putting 10 in as the scale factor gives the correct value for voltage The settings can be changed by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 CH1 input ranging Has three options fu autorange range up only and manual Use full autorange for normal signals allowing the instrument to select the optimum range for the signal level Range up is useful for rapidly fluctuating signals as the shunt will stay on the range suitable f
66. rs the Odb level reference LCR sets or clears lead cable compensation VSWR allows the storage of impedance measurements 10 1 Zero Key Displays LCR mode provides zero compensation information and is used to remove the capacitive element of test leads from the measured impedance Select compensate then Enter to start zero compensation or clear compensation then Enter to clear any previous compensation The display in Figure 10 1 appears when the zero key is pressed DUT means Device under Test be sure to clear compensation before doing further testing ZERO COMPENSATION To compensate for long connection leads when making impedance measurements connect the cables to the instrument but leave them disconnected from the DUT Ensure that the disconnected terminals are not touching anything Select the compensate option below and press ENTER compensate In case you want to clear the compensation Select the clear compensation option below and press ENTER clear compensation Figure 10 1 Page 38 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual FRA mode provides OdB reference and dB calculation information It is useful when looking for changes in gain under specific conditions such as where an attenuator 3dB cut off point occurs in relation to the OdB reference Select set present measurement at OdB reference then Enter to start OdB reference or clear OdB reference then Enter to clear the se
67. rument is looking across a known frequency band for the expected signal Page 36 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 9 1 Tune Menu Functions Centre Frequency Sets the frequency for which the instrument input is looking for and is not the generator frequency This may be from line transmitter etc This frequency is set by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 Step type Sets the type of frequency step preferred either linear or logarithmic Frequency Step Sets the frequency step that is increased or decreased when the LEFT RIGHT arrows are pressed This frequency is set by following the Keypad Operation instructions in section 4 1 Auto Tune Type This has two functions three stage auto tune and single stage retune and is normally used with a real time display Three stage auto tune is used when the frequency is not known and effectively looks across the sweep frequency range for the largest signal It then homes in on this signal and shows the frequency obtained Single stage retune will allow fine tuning around the found frequency Start Auto Tune This starts the auto tune function the real time display flashes autotune in the top left corner whilst the tuning is taking place When finished the found frequency is displayed Page 37 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 10 ZERO KEY Displays information dependant on the mode being used SLM FRA sets or clea
68. s as follows Frequency is the frequency the generator is currently running at Impedance is the value Q measured as a ratio of the voltage and phase angles Phase is the phase angle in degrees between the voltage and current phases Level is the rms voltage and current levels measured The other areas are GENERATOR area Displays the generator frequency the output level and if the output is set to low high or off INPUT area Displays the input channel selected When the INPUT displays anything but high it is in the terminate mode The inputs available are high Z 50 18 W low level and balanced MEASURE area Displays the measurement impedance reference and the speed of measurement update Note When measuring impedance keep the lead between the generator output and the meter input as short as possible This limits the amount of error caused by the capacitance of the coaxial lead The higher the frequency the more error is introduced into the reading Page 65 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 18 2 Example LCR Line Trap Test The impedance of a line trap is checked by applying a signal at the resonant frequency and adjusting the line trap for maximum impedance After adjustment the trap may be swept to confirm the resulting waveform conforms to the manufacturer s specifications The drawing in Figure 18 2 shows the connections
69. sesseeeeeeeeaes 60 18 IMPEDANCE METER LCR MODE Es 64 18 1 LCR Screen Display AFTOSA tad 65 18 2 Example LCR Line Trap Tes ti ae ae 66 18 3 Example LCR Line Trap Sweep TeSt cc cesssescsessssseeceesssseseseeseeseeseesees 67 18 4 Example basic impedance Capacitance test setup ee ceeeeeeeneeees 69 19 VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO VSWR MODE ccccccccecsseseseseseeeseseseseneeees 71 19 1 VSWR Screen Display A e a Sd 72 19 2 Example VSWR Impedance Method TeSt oocociccicninccicicnnncnoncconcononononcnnonos 73 19 3 Example VSWR Direct Coupler Method TeSt c cc cccseeessseeseeeeseeeeeees 74 19 4 Example VSWR Sweep TeSt ccesscssssssssssssessssssscsesssasseceessssesesseseeseessessees 76 20 FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSER FRA MODE ccccceceesessssteeesseeseeeeeeseeees 77 20 1 FRA Screen Display Areas 0 st ieee menses 78 2012 Example FRA TES ai 79 21 1 BEER nor cacas 81 21 2 Theory of Operation AAA ee 82 21 3 PRBS Test Pat eS ode 83 21 4 BER Send Molde od 84 21 5 BER Transmit Mode st a a da 84 Page 2 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 21 6 BERT eStiMOd 6 e e ped ede a eles 84 21 7 BER Test Setas 86 21 8 Mesasure Men a an urea eae 86 21 9 BER Screen Display Area choked eed ie eh Beane 87 21 10 BER Key pad Operation vacances te 87 227 Technical Speciticaton ci lioness 88 23 Appendix A TeEXt File Format eiaeaen feat tae tt 91 24 1 Example Text File a da il 92 24 2 Text Fi
70. t itself and does not extend to any consequential damage or losses whatsoever including but not limited to any loss of earnings arising from a failure of the product or software In the event of any problem with the instrument outside of the guarantee period Newtons4th Ltd offers a full repair and re calibration service contact your local representative It is recommended that the instrument be re calibrated annually Table of Contents INTRODUCTION td 3 1 1 Manual Layout and Content daa 3 1 2 Instrument FUNCIONS A ita 4 1 3 TInstrument FeatUr S A a 5 1 4 ADUANA e e 6 A A AN E A TS AN NOA 7 3 GETTING STARTED oa 8 31 Unpacking the TAStr ment acini ete a e ee alae 8 3 2 Power Sources and COmmMuNiCAatlOns imac 9 3 3 Instrument Controls and Connections ooocciccicicicnnconnicnnnnncnnncncnnnnonononc nano nncrnnnannno 11 a INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW 00d A AA i 12 AT O A A A 14 4 2 Getting started with Initial signal Capture s ssssessessrsssissesesrerisessesrrresisrssesees 15 5 OUTPUT REN E AA AAA e ad 17 5 1 Genrator Menu FUNCIONAS soma dana 18 6 INPUT KEY at A A Ranas 20 GEL Input Men FUNCION S ia a A AA AAA 21 7 MEASURE KE a it 23 7 1 SLM Mode measurment menu fuUNCtiONS o cociccicnnicinnnnnnncncnnnncnnnncnoncnnoncononoos 24 7 2 LCR Mode measurement Menu fUNCtIONS cocccicinnicinnicnononccnnncononcnnoncononcnnnnos 26 7 3 VSWR Mode measurement menu FUNCTIONS ococccicicninnonicncnnncn
71. tect this level the bit errors during the last 128 received bits are memorized If there are more than 25 errors within these 128 bits the receiver loses sync The number of error bit is incremented when a bit error in the received bit sequence is detected Page 82 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 21 3PRBS Test Patterns The Pseudo Random test patterns generated by the SLM3505 conform to the ITU T standards O 150 O 151 0 152 and 0 153 The tabel below describes the test patterns supported by the SLM3505 PRBS PRBS Shift No OF Suggested Tune Reg Bits m Standard Data Rate YP Length Kbps X ITU T AN _ 249 1 9 512 0 150 0 153 Upto 14 4 ITU T F 2411 1 11 2047 0 150 0 152 eh i 0 153 a 1544 2048 ITU T 6312 8448 TAN aS 1 1 ee 13 nee 0 150 0 151 32064 44736 1544 6312 ITU T 2 20 1 20 1048575 32064 0 150 0 151 44736 Page 83 Table 1 PRBS Patterns Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 21 4BER Send Mode 2 Modes namely Fixed and Continuous Fixed mode involves sending a fixed number of bits This mode is not currently implemented Only continuous mode is enabled 21 5BER Transmit Mode The BER module currently supports 2 types of line codes namely normal and G703 mode G703 Mode 64kb s codirectional interface In this mode the 64kb s period is divided into four unit intervals A binary 1 is coded as a block of 1100 and a b
72. ter LAN Option This option activates the LAN connector at the bottom of the meter and adds an IP address function to the menu The address can be entered using the arrow keys Page 43 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 13 MONITOR KEY This function is for future applications and is not functional at this time The screen in Figure 4 12 appears when this function is selected MONITOR SETTINGS There are no monitor options presently available Press ESC to return to the measurements Figure 13 1 Page 44 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 14 SYSTEM KEY Has Nine functions initial settings set clock set date display brightness enlarge results phase convention keyboard beep and step message These functions allow the user to configure the instrument for individual requirements and also set correct time and date for storage file records When this function is selected pressing the RIGHT ARROW key shows the user settings and the LEFT ARROW shows the system data both sets of information are explained later in this section Page 45 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 14 1 System Key Functions Language These menu options depend on the Country firmware loaded ie Italy will provided a choice of Italian or English etc Initial settings This setting has three options which sets the instrument initial settings at switch on These are either the
73. ter starting the receiver sweep synchronization may take a little time to acquire until the correct frequency is found Note 3 By pressing the Home Esc button the SLM will then be in its last sweep However if the receiver only button is pressed it will continue to track the transmitter frequency until the transmitter sweep is stopped or the receiver is turned off Page 61 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual If an ideal transmission line is tested it should be similar to the display in Fig 17 2 For demonstration purposes a CR was inserted in the transmission line to induce attenuation between 1KHz and 100KHz the attenuated plot is displayed in Fig 17 3 With a 2vpk output 1khz 1 4v rms With a 2vpk output 100kHz 0 39v rms Therefore gain 20 x log Vout Vin 11dB SELECTIVE LEVEL METER 14 20 24 II le bed 1 60047kHz 1400 46 3kHz Figure 17 2 Ideal Transmission Line Page 62 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual SELECTIVE LEVEL METER 5 074 dBm 1 00025kKHz 1 09334kHz 100 163kHz Figure 17 3 Attenuated Transmission Line Method 2 The generating unit is set up the same as method 1 However the receiving unit measure menu centre frequency is set to Single frequency Therefore as and when the two sweep frequencies coincide the receiving unit will plot the amplitude this method takes longer for the whole plot to finish but is more tolerant of signal condition Page 63 Newtons
74. tting The screen in Figure 10 2 appears when the zero key is pressed ODB REFERENCE The gain in dB is calculated from 20 log ch2 ch1 To look for changes in gain it can be useful to define OdB under specific conditions set present measurement as OdB reference Clear the OdB reference to display the absolute gain in dB clear OdB reference Figure 10 2 Page 39 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual VSWR mode provides VSWR impedance measurement and storage information When a measurement is taken using the generator it is then stored The forward and reflected power from a transmission line can then be calculated and using the previously stored value Select store impedance then Enter to store the measurement or measure impedance then Enter to return to real time LCR mode The screen in Figure 10 3 appears when the zero key is pressed VSWR IMPEDANCE CONTROL VSWR is calculated from the measurement impedance of the load The impedance has to be measured using the instrument generator The measured value can then be stored so that the forward and Reflected power can be measured with the source connected Select the store impedance option below and press ENTER store impedance To return to measuring the impedance connect the generator Select the measure impedance option below and pres ENTER measure impedance Figure 10 3 Page 40 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 11 AUX KEY This is for the Auxi
75. ults can be stored Interface USB RS232 LAN Real Time Clock Time and date stamp for data stores Data Storage Internal 1Gb flash external USB pen port Display and Resolution Ya VGA Colour 6 digit frequency 5 digit voltage 4 digit dBm Power Source 9 18v 3A AC adapter or 12v dc from vehicle or external batteries Battery Type and capacity 3 x Lithium polymer up to approx 2 hours Temperature Range 5 C to 50 C Page 90 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 23 Appendix A Text File Format Saving test results generates two files The file name is represented by the number location chosen 1 999 from the PROGRAM STORE RECALL menu For example if the file location chosen is 11 the files generated would be PCA_RO11 pcs and PCA_RO11 txt Each file has the same name but different extensions The first file with the pcs extension name is the file that the instrument uses to display the test results when that file is recalled The second file is a comma delimited text file CSV and may be viewed using any text editing viewing program The text file has two parts the header section and the data results section The header includes the status of the instrument at the time the test results were taken This information includes all three USER data inputs from the USER SETTINGS menu the file name time and date stamp serial number last calibration date a
76. umber of complete cycles of the input waveform and c is the number of cycles Having computed the real and quadrature components the magnitude and phase of each channel can be derived mag y as b 9 tan t b a The relative gain and phase of the circuitry under test at that particular frequency is derived from the real and quadrature components by vector division vector gain a jb ch2 a jb ch1 gain magnitude vector gain phase tan b a vector gain The gain is usually quoted in dB dB 20 log o gain Page 80 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 21 1Bit Error Rate The Bit Error Rate BER functionality of the SLM3505 allows diagnosis of signal problems in the field Bit Error Rate is the ratio between the number of bit errors transmitted and the number of bits received BER Number of Error Bits Number of Bits Transmitted The Bit Error Rate test involves sending a Pseudo Random Binary Sequence PRBS a sequence of binary 1 s of O s which exhibits certain randomness and autocorrelation properties The PRBS bit sequence is used in testing transmission lines equipment because of their randomness properties When BER mode is enabled the system expects to receive the same pattern that it s transmitting The total number of bits transmitted error bits and the BER is displayed on the screen The Bit Error Rate tester consists of two Modules a PRBS Generator b PRBS
77. voltage goes negative Page 30 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual Pre trigger Has four options none 25 50 and 75 This determines the amount of pre trigger or waveform display delay based on the mark space ratio time of the waveform None has no pre triggering and therefore the waveform starts at the beginning of the trace 25 has a pre trigger time of a quarter of the mark space ratio time so the triggering edge of the waveform is displayed after the trace starts by 25 of the mark space ratio time This is also applicable for 50 and 75 depending on the pre trigger time required Traces Traces has three options single dual and ch2 current This selects either single or dual trace input voltage operation However in ch2 this will show the current waveform developed across the generator shunt z OSCILLOSCOPE 1555 47 104 Samh 10 00 ps div Dual Trace Display Page 31 Newtons4th Ltd SLM3505 User Manual 8 SWEEP KEY Sweep works in all modes It allows the instrument to sweep across a frequency band from the start frequency to the end frequency in up to 2000 steps In VSWR mode the sweep function only works with the impedance method The sweep setting menu screen is shown below in Fig 8 1 displaying the 10 general functions However additional functions will appear when selecting some options from the right menu list Note Make sure the gen
78. y Setup This is a little different as there could be a number of frequencies on the line and a decision will be required as to which frequency is to be selected for measurement Therefore an initial sweep across a frequency band is initialized to show what frequencies are present This is done as follows 1 Select SLM mode by pressing the SLM button 2 Press the input key and from the menu set the input to high z Scale factor to 1 0000 and CH1 input ranging to full autorange 3 Press the measure key and from the menu set the centre frequency to single fixed and bandwidth to 3 1KHz enter and press the Esc key 4 Press the sweep key and in the sweep menu set display to Graph 5 In the same menu enter the sweep start to 10KHz and sweep end to 500KHz In brackets is the suggested frequency band to be swept although this can be changed if required 6 In the same menu set the sweep steps to 40 In brackets are the suggested steps although this can be increased if it is thought all frequencies are not being seen 7 In the same menu highlight start and press enter The display will change to graphical display sweeping across the band showing the frequency peak s and amplitude 8 When looking at the graphical display use the L R arrow keys to toggle the frequency cursor across the screen as it aligns with a frequency peak the actual frequency will be shown at th

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