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Optimus User Manual, Version 1.1 Released March 2015

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1. SD3 111 1 101 132 Step 8 Write the DTC scanner port coefficients into the Table using the SD4 command Note Observe the use of continuation characters to concatenate the long command line and that the Coefficient titles are used in this example to illustrate the process In practice the titles would be replaced with floating point values the actual values of the coefficients SD4 111 1101 C C Ay A A A3 Bo B By Bz Co C Do D Qo Q3 Ro R S5 S T Ti T3 Repeat the above for each port scanner 1 port 02 through scanner 1 port 31 Step 39 Write the final port coefficients into the Table SD4 111 1 132 C C Ay A A A3 Bo B B Ba Co C Do D Q Q Ry R S S T T T3 Step 40 Write the entire Table of coefficients to the DTC scanner non volatile memory SD5 111 1 2 In Step 1 through Step 3 a single 32 port DTC scanner is initialized and the scan list is set to scan only port one 1 of the DTC ESP scanner attached to connector 1 of the OFIU and mSDI at OSP CRS 111 This enables writing the Header to port zero 0 0 the scanners header memory location The scanner header data is written into the Table using the SD4 command The SD5 command then writes the Header data from the Table to the scanner non volatile memory Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 98 Host Operation and Programmi
2. Return the scanner port status bytes in Table 2 for the OFIU mSDI located at CRS 112 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 148 Host Operation and Programming Continued OP6 Output a PCUs or PSUs Internal pressure Coefficients and operating parameters PCUs and PSUs are independent devices within the Optimus System having their own internal non volatile memory for storage of operating parameters These parameters are normally only examined and or modified in the process of a standards laboratory calibration The parameters and coefficients retrievable by this command are documenting within the calibration process documentation and also the PCU coefficient list in the Appendix of this manual The Coefficient Table inside of a PCU or PSU takes a significant amount of time to extract This command may not return for several seconds if a large number of Terms are being requested in one operation Some of the Coefficient Table values are dynamically changing raw data or intermediate calculation values and may be more effectively read using the LA3 command Response Array Data Packet Format OP6 CRS Term Term Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the PCU or PSU is installed within an RP chassis Range 211 to 217 Term The Term Index Coefficient Number being requested as a unit value or an implied contiguous range indicated as a first and last Term separa
3. SD3 111 1 101 108 201 208 301 308 SD3 112 1 132 232 832 432 532 632 732 832 Scan the ports of the ESP scanners referenced in the SD1 command for Table 1 of the OFIU and mSDI at CRS 111 attached to connectors 1 2 and 3 in order scanner 1 port 1 through scanner 1 port 8 then scanner 2 port 1 through scanner 2 port 8 and then scanner 3 port 1 through scanner 3 port 8 Simultaneously scan the ports of the ESP scanners referenced in the SD1 command for Table 1 of the OFIU and mSDI at CRS 112 attached to connectors 1 through 8 in the order scanner 1 port 32 scanner 2 port 32 scanner 3 port 32 scanner 4 port 32 scanner 5 port 32 scanner 6 port 32 scanner 7 port 32 and scanner 8 port 32 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 85 Host Operation and Programming Continued SD4 Manually Enter an OFIUs EU Conversion Coefficients This command manually enters EU data conversion coefficients to an SP for each scanner port scanned by each Table It is normally used only when coefficients are not obtainable from either the DTC ESP scanner non volatile memory or a full pressure calibration It is also used to load the factory supplied DTC coefficients to into the non volatile memory of DTC ESP scanner This command will overwrite coefficients in the specified Table An extensive discussion of the derivation and use of both DTC and Conventional ESP scanner coefficients can be fou nd in Append
4. An OFIU and mSDI can accommodate up to eight 8 ESP pressure scanners having a maximum aggregate channel count of 512 channels The OFIU and mSDI scan and digitize all pressure ports of the attached scanners using one 1 of four 4 predetermined channel scan lists or Tables The host application can switch quickly from one Table to another without being required to re transmit and execute individual configuration commands OFIU and mSDIs are fully backwards compatible supporting both conventional and DTC ESP scanners ESP miniature scanners are typically located within on or near the test model and are connected to the mSDI via cables designated OSCB Conventional ESP scanners provide a pressure output voltage per channel and require a full multipoint calibration in order to output engineering unit data The need for a full multipoint calibration when using Conventional ESP scanners explicitly requires an RP and Pressure Calibrate Units PCUs Conventional ESP scanner pressure coefficients are not stored within the Optimus and must be either saved externally by the host application or recreated every time the scanners are used DTC ESP scanners not only provide Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 21 Theory of Operation Continued pressure output but also temperature and excitation voltage of the scanner This data is utilized in conjunction with factory determined permanent pressure conversion coefficients for each pressure
5. For example a manual pressure controller consisting of a variable volume and regulator may be used to generate the calibration pressures An accurate Pressure Standard Measurement Specialties maintains several air piston gauges at our facility calibration laboratory A computer and software capable of communicating with and controlling the PCU and PSU via the Optimus System Processor Measurement Specialties does not provide software used to calibrate the PCU and or PSU The commands and procedures used to perform this task are the subject of this document An Ethernet Switch through which the computer is connected to the Optimus System Processor An Optimus System Processor The System Processor provides communication to the calibration laboratory computer and calibration software An Optimus Remote Processor The Remote Processor Supplies power for the PCU and PSU Provides a communication interface to the Optimus System Processor Provides a pneumatic interface to the PCU and PSU Blanking units are necessary to seal the unoccupied slots within the pneumatic interface rack of the Remote Processor Interconnection pneumatic assemblies tubing and fittings appropriate for the pressures being generated and applied to the PCU and PSU Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 229 Appendix E Continued Procedure The process of calibrating Optimus PCUs and PSUs is not computationally intensive it does
6. SD2 111 1 10 O O 100 FREE PAM 2 When the Data acquisition command is received the OFIU Optimus will begin taking data at 100 millisecond intervals with the interval timer inside the OFIU controlling the data rate Each data point transmitted by the system will be a Pressure Measurement Set the average of 10 frames of pressure data that has been converted into temperature compensated Engineering Unit values Example 2 Configure Table 1 for the OFIU at OSP CRS 111 to acquire an unbounded number of Measurement Sets in response to a digital edge transition applied to the Trigger Input BNC connector each Measurement Set being the average of 10 Frames with the Format of the Measurement Set being an array of IEEE floating point values The trigger signal for each Measurement set will be generated by an external signal generator at an arbitrary rate An Ez Set The Temp Sets and The Press Sets will be returned to the host in EU format SD2 111 1 10 O 0 O ATRIG PAM 3 When the Data acquisition command is received the OFIU Optimus will begin acquire and transmit an Excitation and Zero Offset EZ Set packet and then wait for an edge transition on the Trigger Input BNC connector When a trigger signal occurs the OFIU will acquire a Pressure Measurement Set anda Temperature Measurement Set each being the average of 10 frames of the scan list The Pressure Measurement Set has been converted into temperature compensated E
7. SD3 CRS sTBL sPort sPort Where sPort The three 3 digit number indicating the mSDI connector number and the port number of the scanner to be placed at this Measurement Set index The first digit is the connector number on the mSDI to which the scanner is attached and the final two digits are the port of the scanner Ex 101 is Scanner l port 01 Note This command permits entry of an implicit range of ESP scanners and their ports as well as a list of individual ports from an arbitrary group of ESP scanners Continuing the earlier example of two ESP scanners attached to the first two connectors of the mSDI we specify that data from all of the ports of both ESP scanners will be placed in the Measurement Set in the order first port of the first scanner through the last port of the last scanner This is accomplished by separating the two sPort numbers with a hyphen The SD3 command is SD3 111 1 101 232 To re cap this command specifies that When creating the measurement Set for Table number one 1 place the data from the 32 ports of the ESP scanner attached to mSDI connector number one 1 into array indices 1 through 32 and place the data from the 32 ports of the ESP scanner attached to mSDI connector number two 2 into array indices 33 through 64 Once the three commands SD1 SD2 and SD3 have been executed the Optimus can be triggered to acquire data using Table numbe
8. A System is configured with two OFIUs and each has an mSDI Interface On the mSDI of the OFIU at CRS 111 four 4 32 port DTC ESP scanner will use their normal range and be calibrated using a PCU assigned to LRN 1 and four 4 64 port DTC ESP scanners will use their normal range and be calibrated using a PCU assigned to LRN 3 On the mSDI of the OFIU at CRS 112 three 3 32 port Conventional ESP scanners will be calibrated by a PCU assigned to LRN 2 one 1 64 port DTC ESP scanner will use its sensitive range and be calibrated by a PCU assigned to LRN 4 and two 2 64 port DTC ESP scanners will use their normal range and be calibrated by a PCU assigned to LRN 1 SD1 111 1 4 32 1 5 8 64 3 SD1 112 1 3 32 2 4 64 4 5 6 32 1 Which states The OFIU at OSP slot location 111 has scanners attached to mSDI connectors 1 through 8 The scanners attached to mSDI connectors 1 through 4 have 32 pressure ports each and will be calibrated by the PCU designated as LRN 1 The scanners attached to mSDI connectors 4 through 8 have 64 pressure ports each and will be calibrated by the PCU designated as LRN 3 The OFIU at OSP slot location 112 has scanners attached to mSDI connectors 1 through 6 The scanners attached to mSDI connectors 1 through 3 have 32 pressure ports each and will be calibrated by the PCU designated as LRN 2 The scanner attached to mSDI connector 4 has 64 pressure ports is to be configured in its sensitive mo
9. Calibration of DTC ESP Scanners is performed at the factory during production The DTC calibration process requires application of multiple pressures across a number of temperatures After the calibration data is reduced the coefficients are stored in the scanners non volatile memory and never require modification for the life of the scanner In addition to being placed in the DTC scanner non volatile memory the coefficients are delivered on a CD accompanying the scanner These coefficients are to be stored as a local record and can be reloaded into the DTC scanner using this command in conjunction with the SD5 command An in situ pressure calibration of DTC ESP scanners may be performed as well The in situ calibration derives a first order pressure adjustment having only an offset and span correction term that is applied after the DTC temperature and pressure corrections have been made These values the DTC Adjustable Group coefficients can also be stored into the DTC scanner non volatile memory although they may require adjustment at intervals The sign of the sTBL value selects the type of coefficients which will be written to the Table coefficient arrays A negative Table value writes the factory coefficients for the DTC scanners into the OSP coefficient array and a positive Table value writes the Conventional scanner coefficients as well as DTC scanner Adjustable Group coefficients into the OSP coefficient array The coefficients are wr
10. Disable responses to SDx commands SD1 SD2 SD3 and SD4 SC2 11 14 0 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 172 Host Operation and Programming Continued SC4 Set the system Subnet Mask The SC4 command sets the Subnet Mask for the system The TCP IP address is set using the SC1 command After setting either the TCP IP address and or the Subnet mask a full system reset is required The SC1 command also performs a system reset Response Confirmation Error Packet Format SC4 mode xtra SubNet Where Mode The Legacy Front Panel Echo Function This parameter does not have a function and may assume either of the values below It is maintained for legacy application compatability Value O Disable Value 1 Enable xtra A switch parameter used in legacy applications to indicate that the Subnet Mask was appended to the command This is a required parameter in this context Value 0 Required value for this function SubNet The Subnet Mask consisting of the ASCII representation of four 4 byte values separated by Spaces Example 1 Set a Subnet Mask of 255 255 255 0 for the system SC4 10 255 255 255 0 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 173 Host Operation and Programming Continued System Processor Configuration SPO Clear and Reformat the system Non Volatile Memory Clears and reformats the non volatile memory
11. P 14 7 Where C The static or temperature compensated dynamic C Coefficient D The static or temperature compensated dynamic D Coefficient T The static or temperature compensated dynamic T Coefficient The pressure period with 0 0 psi applied Note The portions of the function in Brackets and Braces are optional used when the pressure sensor is a PSU or a Differential PCU to compensate for operating conditions They are included here for reference purposes and the result will generally be 0 0 Z The Dynamic zero offset correction term This term is used in differential quartz sensors and will generally be 0 0 Z The Offset correction for line pressure applications This term is used in PSUs for FRS the legacy Flow Reference System only P An External Pressure read via a separate PSU This term is used in PSUs for FRS the legacy Flow Reference System only Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Page 219 Appendix D Continued Temperature Equation Although the sensor Temperature in degrees is not used to compensate the sensor pressure it can be determined using additional coefficients C Y T Y TZ Y T Where C The sensor temperature Y Y Y The sensor temperature period to temperature coefficients T The Normalized Temperature period in microseconds The sensor pressure Cy and temperature C sums can be read at real time using the LAS command a
12. oonsis _o 00156s80 ms 0 00015803_ ooo __ Pr 694 28893801 985 21905227 ro csovo0es Put each of the nine 9 coefficient groups on a separate command line within parentheses and using continuation marks for better readability SD4 112 1 101 0 00000000 1 00000000 16 22416055 72 29816174 104 93503733 50 12542169 12 44525447 8 72096582 11 43406642 8 38368705 0 21483914 0 19328543 0 10589883 0 06644576 0 00013973 0 99985718 0 00118181 0 00156580 0 00015803 0 00043320 694 28893801 985 21905227 70 69070065 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 89 Host Operation and Programming Continued SD5 Perform DTC scanner specific Functions This command performs three functions specific to DTC ESP scanners and the manner in which the OFIU acquires the DTC scanner temperature data 1 Load or Store DTC ESP scanner Coefficients 2 Enable Disable or Periodically acquire DTC Temperature Data 3 Enable or Disable DTC ESP scanner function Load or Store DTC ESP scanner Coefficients The most common use for the SD5 command is to move the DTC ESP scanner coefficients between the non volatile memory within the scanner and the OSP memory The SD5 is executed to read the coefficients into OSP memory immediately after the SD1 SD2 and SD3 commands are executed This operation of necessity takes a relatively long time however it only
13. 1 100 The Temperature data set to Pressure data set ratio ensures that if temperature is changing over the ten 10 second window it will be accounted for Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 95 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 3 Restore factory DTC coefficients to a single DTC ESP scanner with 32 pressure ports Note The following sequence of commands will configure a Table and then Erase Write and Verify the DTC coefficients for that Table These functions are applied to the Scan List that is defined for the Table and not specifically a single ESP scanner attached to a single connector of an mSDI It is prudent to remove any DTC scanners which are not the direct target of the operations to be performed so that unintentional effects are avoided A single DTC ESP scanner will be attached to connector 1 of the OFIU and mSDI located at OSP CRS 111 No other ESP scanners will be connected to the mSDI during the Erase Write and Verify operation The single DTC scanner will be defined in Table 1 as it would for data acquisition The DTC functions must not be disabled Step 1 Configure a Table including only the first port of the DTC scanner SD1 111 1 32 1 SD2 111 1 1 O 1 O FREE SEQ 1 SD3 111 1 101 Step 2 Write the DTC scanner Header information into the Table using the SD4 command Note Observe the use of continuation characters to concatenate the
14. Appendix C PCU PSU Operation Page 210 Appendix C Continued The PCU is then instructed to generate the C1 control pressure in order to move the calibration valves within the ESP scanners to the Calibrate position The PCU Closes the K1 valve to apply the supply pressure to the scanners via the Cl port on the back of the Remote Processor The System may be configured to only apply the control pressures for a finite period of time If this is the case the PCU will receive a command to Open KI and then change the state of K to vent the pneumatic lines connecting the Remote Processor to the control ports of the attached ESP scanners The command is then sent by the Optimus System Processor to generate the first of the sequence of calibration pressure that had been defined in the PC2 command The PCU examines the first calibration pressure stored in the calibration pressure array and adds the current Zero Offset value to derive the actual Absolute pressure to be set Using the example PC2 command sequence the first pressure to be set is 10 psi which when summed with the previously measured offset value of 14 7 psia results in an Absolute pressure requested being 4 7 psia The requested pressure 4 7 psia is more than 3 5 psi away from one Standard Atmosphere and is negative relative to that level so the vacuum input is required and not the positive pressure input Valve K9 is Cl
15. IEEE Floating point binary numbers Example Set data format to be Long integers for all acquired Measurement Set data ODS 18 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 157 Host Operation and Programming Continued Read a Single Value from the System LA1 Look at an ESP scanners Raw Data Reads a value from a single ESP scanner port and transmits the value to the host application The OFIU must have been initialized having had an SD1 SD2 and SD3 command executed that includes the desired port in the scan list of the Table The value can be pressureA D counts or pressure volts for Conventional and DTC ESP scanners or a DTC scanners temperature voltage excitation voltage A D converter zero reference voltage or the DTC scanner status word The selection of the additional DTC scanner data is performed using special port numbers for the given scanner See the notes in the description of sPort below Response Single Value Packet Format LAI CRS sPort FrCt Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the OFIU is installed within the OSP Range 111 to 114 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 158 Host Operation and Programming Continued sPort The three 3 digit number indicating the mSDI connector number and the port number of the scanner to be placed at this Measurement Set index The first digit is the connector nu
16. In this example the maximum As Found error before adjustment after a single six month interval has elapsed is 0 02 of the Full Scale Range of the instrument An instrument having an accuracy specification of 0 01 of its Full Scale Range and a stability specification of 0 01 of its Full Scale Range for a six 6 month interval is within specification As Left if the absolute value of the residual errors of all calibration data points after adjustment are less than or equal to 0 01 of the Full Scale Range of the instrument In this example the maximum As Left error after adjustment is 0 01 of the Full Scale Range of the instrument A PCU or PSU is considered out of tolerance if either the As Found or As Left condition exceeds the limits described above Instruments which exhibit such errors should be evaluated to determine the root cause of the error and repaired or replaced as necessary Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 228 Appendix E Continued Material and Equipment A supply of dry gas Bottled N2 or compressed air may be used interchangeably ISO 1873 1 A2 B2 C4 is to be used as a reference guideline for the limits of water content oil content and Dew point The recommendations of the primary calibration standard manufacturer may differ from the limits noted above If so the more stringent requirements take precedence A precise stabile pressure generation device
17. SD1 CRS Scnr Nports LRN Scnr Nports LRN Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the OFIU is installed within the OSP Range 111 to 114 The isolated groups of three 3 parameters each are repeated as necessary to define all scanners connected to the OFIU and mSDI The scanners may be specified individually or in contiguous ranges of scanners having the same number of pressure ports and the same calibrator LRN The individual parameters of each group are specified as follows Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 73 Host Operation and Programming Continued Senr The Scanner number the connector on the mSDI to which the scanner is attached For DTC ESP scanners a negative number may be used to indicate that the scanner should be configured in Sensitive mode May be specified as a contiguous range by separating the two terminals of the range with a hyphen for example 1 4 indicates the contiguous range of scanners attached to mSDI connectors one 1 through four 4 inclusive Contiguous ranges of scanners must have the same number of pressure ports and be assigned to the same PCU LRN for calibration Range 1 to 8 Nports The Number of pressure ports possessed by the scanner Value 16 32 48 and 64 Defined by legacy and standard ESP pressure scanner configurations LRN The Logical Range Number A numeral associating ESP scanners and Pressure
18. and SD3 commands The data is transmitted in Stream Data packets which are described in Appendix A The form of the AD2 command from the Programmers Reference chapter of this User Manual is AD2 sTBL Where sTBL The number of the Table for which data is being acquired Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 38 Theory of Operation Continued As an example we will consider the configuration that has been described throughput this chapter A single OFIU and mSDI have been configured having two 2 DTC ESP scanners connected A single PCU is present in an RP which is linked to the scanners through the LRN specified in the PC1 and SDI commands A calibration has been performed meaning that the system data will be within the defined accuracy specification Data will be requested for Table one 1 which is configured to acquire and output averaged data at a ten 10 Hz rate Data will continue to be acquired and output at this rate until the system is explicitly instructed to stop using the ADO command The AD2 command for starting data acquisition is AD2 1 The host is required to continue reading the data output by the Optimus When the data stream is no longer required the stream is stopped by issuing an ADO command ADO Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 39 Theory of Operation Continued Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page
19. each time the system is started The host command SP2 Enable Disable AUTO Initialize On Start Up controls the Auto Initialize function If no commands have yet been placed into Default Storage for your particular configuration you will need to enter these commands when you configure your system When powered and warmed up at least for one hour the OSP and all its input units are ready to operate accurately You can of course operate the system earlier when absolute accuracy is not your immediate concern Full understanding of input unit Initialize commands requires knowledge of the Data Acquisition processes within the OSP Please read the Data Acquisition Review in Chapter 3 if you have not already done so Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 70 Host Operation and Programming Continued Input Unit Initialization Commands The entire OSP and input unit Initialization commands may be stored in Default Storage so that if you have enabled the AUTO Initialize function they can be copied into Application Memory and optionally transmitted to the appropriate input units The initialization parameters have to be entered by the host application Later the initialization parameters may require modification when your test configuration changes for example when input units are moved to different slots or chassis Initialize OFIUs Definitions LRN Logical Range Number an arbitrary number value ranged from one
20. global Multi Point calibration CA3 Note A PCU will have the location of its Calibration output port etched or screen printed on its front panel The Reference port is controlled by the slot in which the PCU resides See the RP chassis description and PCU pneumatic logic diagram for additional information Use the LA3 command to read the pressure value currently being controlled by a PCU Important If a PCU is to be used as a PSU streaming data in response to an AD2 command it cannot be instructed to set a pressure A CAO command must be issued in order to restore the valve positions for PSU operation Note All PCUs physically installed within expansion chassis must have been initialized by a PC1 command regardless of whether or not they are used to calibrate ESP scanners The valves within the PCUs are coordinated during calibration of ESP scanners and un initialized PCUs will not be properly configured Calibration failure will occur if PCUs are not properly configured Response Confirmation Error Packet Format CAI LRN Pval OutPort dedicate Where LRN The Logical Range Number a number between 1 and 12 that identifies a specific PCU associating it with a group of ESP scanners to be calibrated by it The LRN must be unique for every PCU and PSU in the system Range 1 to 12 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 127 Host Operation and Programming Continued Pval The Pressure Value to be
21. pressure in Pounds per Square Inch For example continuing the earlier OFIU and OSP system configuration for the two ESP scanners on an mSDI we will state that an RP is connected to the OSP and that a PCU is installed in the first slot of the RP chassis The PCU is a Differential pressure controller with a Full Scale pressure range of 45 psiD We will use it to calibrate the two ESP scanners that are connected to the first OFIU in the OSP In order to logically link the PCU with the ESP scanners we use the Logical Range Number used in the OFIU SDI command with which we defined the ESP scanners The PCI command for configuring the PCU in the manner listed above is PC1 211 1 DIFF 0 0045 45 To re cap this command specifies that The PCU located at Remote Processor chassis location CRS 211 is declared as the calibrator used for Logical Range LRN 1 will generate and measure Differential Pressures will set requested pressures to within 0 0045 psi and will not set any pressures greater than 45 psiD The parameters of this PC1 command explicitly state that the PCU is located in the first two slots of the first Remote Processor chassis that it will be used to calibrate all ESP scanners assigned to LRN 1 that it will set Differential pressures and all data returned by this unit will be Differential pressure values and it will not act upon any request to set pressure greater than 45 psiD Optimus User Manual The
22. solenoid drivers D1 and D2 which can be used for alternate functions Range O through 9 The value zero 0 implies ALL valves and is equivalent to not including a Valve parameter Attempting to set ALL valves to the energized state simultaneously will return an error packet State The Valve State to be set Value 1 On or O OFF When not specified the O OFF state is assumed Example 1 Set ALL valves in the PCU at RP CRS location 217 to their default state CVO 217 Example 2 Set the valve K2 within the PCU at RP CRS location 215 to the ON 1 state CVO 115 2 1 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 166 Host Operation and Programming Continued CV1 Set the ESP scanners Calibration Valve Position The CV1 command sets the position of the Calibration valve within ESP scanner to the Calibrate or Run position The mechanism used to motivate the calibration valves are the control pressures C1 and C2 which are sourced from all of the PCUs installed within the system chassis The control pressure ports designated Cl and C2 supply motive pressure signals which physically move sliding manifold valves that are located within each of the ESP scanners For additional details of the operation of these calibration valves review the description of the scanner calibration process in the CA2 and CA3 commands The control pressures are connected via pneumatic tubing which extends from the por
23. 1 to twelve 12 used to associate an ESP scanner with a PCU Pressure Calibrate Unit in support of calibration of the ESP scanners CRS Cluster Rack Slot A numeric representation of the physical location of a PCU or OFIU within the Optimus System chassis Frame A collection of data containing values for the individual ports of a group of ESP pressure scanners Measurement Set A Data Structure created using one or more Frames and transmitted to the host computer connected to the Optimus Data System Table A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer A single table can encompass multiple devices The SDx commands define parameters that identify all OFIUs in a system and specify the configuration of all ESP pressure scanners connected to the OFIUs The SDx commands also associate groups of similarly ranged ESP pressure scanners with a Pressure Calibrate Unit PCU using a Logical Range Number LRN This number logically links a PCU capable of generating suitable pressures to calibrate a groups range during a pneumatic pressure calibration Conventional ESP scanners must have had a full five 5 point pneumatic calibration before any EU data can be output At the end of this process the EU conversion coefficients are calculated for every Conventional ESP scanner port It is understood that performing a full calibrations periodically for Conventional ESP
24. BigEndian order Network order if you wish Convert bytes three and four to a short uint in Host order MsgLen ntohs unsigned short int amp Header 2 Allocate memory the amount needed to hold the entire packet pPacket Malloc sizeof char MsgLen Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 197 Appendix A Continued Copy the Header into the Packet Memcopy Packet Header sizeof char 4 Read the remainder of the packet Again good practice you should verify you ve received what you expect Read socket char amp Packet 4 MsgLen 4 Put the packet into the circular buffer So we can process it outside of this critical Performance loop pPCB Packet Increment the pointer to the circular buffer PPCB Elseif Socket_Error Exit true Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 198 Appendix A Continued Response Packets Confirmation and Error Responses Every command executed confirms its completion either with a Confirmation packet or with the requested data for example an LAl command confirms its proper completion by transmitting a Single Value packet containing the requested value Every command which encounters an error responds with an Error response Though every command returns a response it is possible to inhibit and or modify these responses The SC2 command can be used to inhibit the confirmation and error responses for any and all co
25. Continued Wait fo hy Q K y S4inbow sy amp gt eea yw Averaging of a number of Frames may also be performed in order to increase resolution and reduce random noise The resulting Frame of data whether it is an average derived from several traversals of the Scan List or a single data point is referred to as a Measurement Set an array of data containing a single value for each port of every ESP scanner that is physically attached to the mSDI When the Optimus is Triggered Frames are acquired and assembled into Measurement Sets and a specified number of Measurement Sets are transmitted to the host application The number of Measurement Sets transmitted can be continuous started and stopped by an explicit command or bounded begun by an explicit command and ceasing after a specific number of Measurement Sets has been acquired and transmitted The internal operation of Optimus favors streaming data continuously and host applications must utilize this method in order to optimize throughput SCANLIST SCANNERS DATA FRAME Figure 2 5 Scan List Muxs ESP scanner ADC and Data Output array Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 26 Theory of Operation Continued The Optimus Configuration Process A basic Fiber Input Unit OFIU Configuration The Optimus Data System must be explicitly configured for the desired data acquisition profile before it will begin acquiring and transmitting data In ad
26. DTC ESP scanners on one OFIU and mSDI and to put all Conventional ESP scanners on a separate OFIU and mSDI It is also recommended that no Logical Ranges Numbers are shared between the two scanner types When this separation is maintained pneumatic calibration of both ESP scanner types can be performed independently OFIUs running in their normal Full OFIU Mode acquire and output sensor Pressure data sensor Temperature data sensor Excitation data and Analog to Digital converter Zero offset data The sensor Pressure data is referred to as a Pressure or Press Set going forward The sensor Temperature sensor Excitation and A D converter Zero offset data are referred to generally as compensation or Comp Sets and individually as Temp Sets and EZ Sets respectively Comp sets are used internal to the OSP to dynamically compensate the pressure data as it is converted into EU The individual Comp Sets can also be passed to the host application which can be useful in some instances for troubleshooting One Ez Set is generated at the start of a data stream immediately before the first Temp Set By default a Temp Set is acquired for every Press Set to ensure rapid response to temperature changes In practice once the ESP scanners have stabilized in their environment the rate of sensor temperature change will be moderated by the surrounding insulating material and the ratio of Temp Sets to Press Set can be increased significantly It is common practice t
27. ESP scanner transducers This is accomplished by moving the calibration valve within the ESP scanners to the calibrate position by application of the C1 control pressure to the piston which actuates the calibration valves Once the ESP scanners calibration valves have been set into the correct position the PCUs generate the desired pressures However as with the control pressures the calibration pressures must propagate through the pneumatic lines connecting the PCUs in the RP to the ESP scanners which takes a finite amount of time In addition fluids enclosed within tubing can surge and resonate as the pressure wave propagates through the system which will skew the pressure calibration The CP2 command sets a delay in seconds after the PCU has achieved a stabile condition before the PCU signals that the OSP should acquire data from the ESP scanners This delay occurs after every pressure set point including when a re zero is requested Response Confirmation Error Packet Format CP2 StbTim Where StbTim The Stabilization Time in seconds after each calibration point is set Value From 1 to 199 seconds The default is five 5 seconds Example Set the Calibration point stabilization time to fifteen 15 seconds CP2 15 During calibration of ESP scanners wait 15 seconds after each calibrator PCU has indicated that a stabile pressure has been achieved before acquiring the ESP scanner data and moving t
28. Feature T N tele i vii to BS to to ofofo N wo fon N in TA S BO Oe AO OR Ae A Oe A T 7 T 7 ip Fp iS WFO Fro Fro Fro Ft Fro Fro rd SE RO BO RO Wd FRO fF FO FO JO FN I Ju FS Tw fro O ry a are 1 ae ED ES E px fe 4 oe un io en gun Y f in w 1 Present in FRS PSUs Only Non Temperature Compensated PCU and PSU EU Coefficient Tables Quartz Bourdon Tube Temperature Compensated nej C A D B lo gt le n o a Cree Sd Cd Pens Sd fod fee nee eee ml io ni i a NJ lzi i x io ie p le LO Qa o F Def 20 N Def 2000 Type Number F Def 20 N Def 2000 Type Number F Def 20 N Def 2000 Ty Range X Def 0 0 5 Def 500 e Number z e Number Ty Range Range Range 2 6 o N 2 7 fari 4 o a q on f h 6 PSIA or PSID dependent on TYPE 2 Dynamic Value uSec Counts 8 May be identified as Ug in Legacy Documents 4 Frequency MHz 9 oc Number of Samples 10 4th Order HASS Table 8 1 Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Page 216 Appendix D Continued The Primary Standard Type number read via Coefficient Index 27 is used by the system directly and is also used during periodic calibration in order to assure proper configuration PCU and PSU Primary Standard Type Index 27 0 Absolute Resonant Quartz NO
29. Figure 3 2 RP Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 43 Installation and Setup Continued Input Units Input Units provide the data acquisition and control functions for the Optimus System Self contained having their own microprocessors each IU to operates independently to perform their tasks The following IUs are available for the Optimus System Fiber optic Interface Unit OFIU The OFIU is an expansion board installed within the OSP which connects toa miniature Scanner Digitizer Interface mSDI via a fiber optic cable connected to the rear panel of the OSP If your OSP was ordered with more than one OFIU they will have already been installed at the factory If you have previously purchased an OSP and have now procured a new OFIU the installation kit will include installation documentation Pressure Calibrate Unit PCU A PCU is a general purpose digitally controlled pneumatic calibration source incorporating a precision pressure transducer The PCU provides the valve control reference compensation and calibration pressures for the ESP scanners The following table shows available full scale PCU ranges suitable for calibrating any of Measurement Specialties pressure scanners PCUs occupy two slots within an RP or LS A single RP or LS can contain up to four 4 PCUs The OSP has no pneumatic interfaces and so cannot contain a PCU PCUs provide calibration and control pressure to calibrate Conventional and D
30. Initialization feature that executes whenever the OSP firmware is restarted When enabled this feature loads the operating memory with the system configuration stored in non volatile memory by an SP1 command Optionally it will also Initialize make ready all of the Input Units referred to by the loaded system configuration Response Confirmation Error Packet Format SP2 action Where action The action to perform Value 0 Disables Automatic system Initialization Value 1 Enables a Full Automatic system Initialization load and execute the stored commands Value 2 Enables Partial Automatic system Initialization loads but does not execute the stored commands Important Use the SP1 Command to store a system configuration to Non Volatile memory Example 1 Disable Automatic system Initialization SP2 O Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 176 Host Operation and Programming Continued SP3 Execute a system configurations Initialization Commands The SP3 command executes the stored Initialization commands stored in operating memory by an SP1 or SP2 command The initialization can include any or all input units for which initialization commands are present in operating memory Response Confirmation Error Packet Format SP3 IuType Where IuType The Input Unit Type the input units to be initialized The Input Unit type is also documented in App
31. Line Too Long Did Not Find ZLEAD BP Transmission Short Module Fail Line ON BP Upload Timeout BP Upload DMA Fail Module Fail Line ON BP Download Timeout BP Down DMA Fail LS Transmission Wrong LS Output Timeout LS DMA Error LS Input Timeout Appendix F System Error Codes Page 244 Appendix F Continued 180 181 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 203 221 222 225 BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication Memory Management Memory Management Memory Management LS Checksum Error LS No Module At CRS RP Lost Command RP No Response RP No Module At CRS RP Bad Synchronize RP Bad or No Data RR Bad DOWN Checksum RP Bad or No Data Bad Module Packet Header Empty Message Pool No Contiguous Memory Bad Packet Type Appendix F System Error Codes Page 245 Appendix F Continued Appendix F System Error Codes Page 246 Appendix G System Drawings 8491 8411 09 49 15PW 09 28 HTD15P 26 03 1422 09 38 DA9H BLACK WHITE ORANGE YELLOW WHITE E E 12Vs 12Vs 12V 12Vrin 12V 12Vrin 5Ves 5Vesrtn 5Vds z a BZB0ag xX 5Ve 5Vertn 5Vd 5Vdrin 215 014 013 912 011 SOLDER CUP VIEW SOLDER CUP VIEW Figure 11 1 RPS to mSD
32. OSP uses these coefficients to derive Engineering Unit data for each port included in the scan list for the indicated Table If a CA3 calibration has not been performed Conventional ESP scanners will not have coefficients available DTC ESP scanners which have had their coefficients extracted from non volatile memory using the SD5 command will have the nominal coefficients only until after a CA2 or CA3 calibration The OP2 retrieves the offset CO coefficient for Conventional scanners and the Final Pressure Equation zero coefficient for any DTC ESP scanners in a Table The adjustable DTC coefficients Cz and Cs are retrieved by requesting a negative Table number When indicating a negative Table number the Conventional ESP scanners defined in the Table are not included in the array data response The coefficients will be an array of IEEE Floating point numbers having two 2 dimensions nPorts by Calibration Coefficient order Response Array Data Packet Format OP2 CRS STBL sPort sPort Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the OFIU is installed within the OSP Range 111 to 114 sTBL A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer A single table can encompass multiple OFIUs Range 1 to 4 Negated to return DTC ESP scanner adjustable coefficients C and C Optimus User Manual Host Operation and P
33. Once the system components PCUs and PSUs have been identified they must be configured for operation The PC1 for a PCU or PS1 for a PSU command is sent to each discovered instrument even if it is not going to be calibrated immediately The discovered instruments are then queried to determine their standard type and pressure range The LA3 command is used to read features 27 for Pressure Standard Type and 28 for Full Scale Pressure Range The PCU and PSU coefficient table documenting the features of the instruments is located in Appendix D The PCU or PSU internal valves must be placed in the correct state in order to apply pressure to the internal standard via the calibration port on the back of the Remote Processor chassis The CVO command is used for this purpose Review the pneumatic drawings of the PCU and PSU for the default state of the internal valves The pressure standard must be isolated from the pressure generation circuitry Valve K3 must be open i e not permitting passage of gas Also the reference port of the unit must be isolated from the measurement port Valve K4 must be open i e not permitting passage of gas Note High Range PCUs incorporate a manually operated ball valve in order to by pass the K4 and K5 valves during calibration For consistency the K4 and K5 state should still be set by the application Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 234
34. Operation and Programming Page 168 Host Operation and Programming Continued System Communication Commands SC1 Set SRQ EOI Mode for Host Data Specify an IP Address or RESET the System The SC1 command sets if and when an SRQ IP packet will be posted by the OSP before it transmits each Measurement Set and command response to the host application The transmission of an EOI IP packet with or after the last byte of each measurement set and command response The default behavior of the system is to NOT transmit these packets The SC1 command can also configure a new TCP IP Address or cause the OSP to RESET immediately Response Confirmation Error Packet Note No response is sent for a Reset command The system may take up to 500 seconds to complete a reboot depending on the number of DTC scanners connected to the OFIU and mSDIs Format SC1 SRQflg EOIflg Padrs Where SRGflg The SRQ flag which determines whether an SRQ packet is returned prior to responding to a command or returning a data value Range 1 to 3 1 No SRQ posted before measurement sets or command responses The system default O No SRQ posted before any measurement sets are returned 1 SRQ posted before the first measurement set is returned 2 SRQ posted before each measurement set is returned 3 SRQ posted before the last measurement set is returned Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 169 Host Operation a
35. PCU ESP scanner Calibration Process Calibrating the System The Data Acquisition Process Chapter 3 Installation and Setup Optimus System System Processor Figure 3 1 the OSP RP Figure 3 2 RP Input Units OFIU PCU Table 3 1 PCU Pressure Range Assignments PSU mSDI Figure 3 3 an mSDI and ESP scanner RPS System Setup Optimus User Manual Table of Contents Page ii of viii 25 25 26 27 27 29 33 36 37 38 41 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 46 46 A Basic Configuration Example Hardware Figure 3 4 Wind Tunnel Installation Example Installation Tools Line Voltage OSP Connectors RP and LS Pneumatic Connections Air Supply Quality Control Outputs Calibration Outputs Table 3 2 PCU Calibration Port Assignments Reference Inputs Tubing OSP Front Panel Description The Interconnection Process Unpacking RP and Pneumatics OSP RPS msDI ESP scanner Pneumatics Optimus User Manual Table of Contents Page iii of viii 46 47 47 48 49 49 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 54 55 56 56 57 57 57 58 Chapter 4 Host operation and Programming Introduction Host Commands and Responses Host Command Format OSP Responses Host to OSP Communication Protocol Command String Examples Command Overview Host Commands Alphabetical Host Commands By Purpose Input Unit Initialization Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Option Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Control Output Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Data H
36. The barrel the body of the reducers is 0 25 OD Place one reducer into each of the following three 3 ports on the back panel of the Remote Processor C1 C2 and Cal 2 The 0 063 bulged tube should be exposed and the 0 125 bulged tube should be inside the ports Tighten the ferruled connectors onto the body of the reducers verify that the ferrule has properly engaged the body of the reducer Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 56 Installation and Setup Continued Optimus System Processor Locate the Fiber Optic interface connectors labeled F O 1 through F O 4 on the rear panel of the unit Optimus Fiber Input Units that are ordered with a system are installed in numerical order lowest to highest number corresponding to CRS locations 111 through 114 In this example since only one OFIU was ordered with the OSP the unit is installed in CRS 111 and is attached to connector F O 1 Identify the OFIU to mSDI Fiber Optic cable and attach one end to the OSP connector F O 1 The cable contains a single multi mode fiber having identical ST connectors on each end and is not polarized it may be connected in either orientation Connect the remaining end of the fiber cable to the Fiber Optic connector of the mSDI Locate the OSP to RP communication cable and note that it has identical D shell connectors on each end This cable is not polarized and may be connected in either orientation Attach one end to th
37. User Manual Introduction Page 17 Introduction Continued Pressure Calibrate Units A PCU incorporates pneumatic valves a pressure servo controller and a high accuracy pressure standard Under OSP control the PCU facilitates the process of calibrating ESP scanners PCUs generate pneumatic control signals which translate the calibration valve within the ESP scanners and also generate arbitrary precision pressure outputs PCUs can only be installed in RPs or LSs and are required for operation of the system Owners of legacy 8400 systems may choose to refurbish their 8433 8432 PCUs for use with a new Optimus System Pressure Standard Units A PSU has the same physical dimensions and appearance as a PCU and incorporates the same high accuracy measurement sensor but lacks the pressure control hardware The purpose of the PSU is to measure and continuously monitor important wind tunnel pressures which may not associated with the primary item under test Barometric pressure tunnel static pressure and tunnel wall pressure are examples of measurements made with PSU s PSUs can only be installed in RP or LS PSUs are an optional component of the Optimus system and are not required for operation of the system Owners of legacy 8400 systems may choose to refurbish their PSUs for use with a new Optimus System Figure 1 8 PCU PSU Optimus User Manual Introduction Page 18 Theory of Operation The Optimus Data System is simple to c
38. by dedicated Blanking Panels It is common to use RP and LS racks to locate PCUs and PSUs close to ESP pressure scanners in order to reduce calibration time and insure utmost accuracy Both types of units contain secondary pressure standards that can be read periodically and PCUs are capable of generating precision pneumatic pressures in order to calibrate ESP pressure scanners Individuals familiar with the legacy 8400 System may note common features and structural similarities with the Optimus Optimus offers a convenient upgrade path for facilities having an existing 8400 System by utilizing a common command set and re use of 8400 components such as 8432 8433 Pressure Calibrators 8438 8439 Pressure Standard Units 8491 Remote Power Supplies 8404 Remote Processors and ESP pressure scanners 8400 System components that are retained for use with an Optimus system are eligible for Upgrades and Service Life Extension Plans to assure maximum performance Optimus User Manual Introduction Page 12 Introduction Continued System Component Overview The Optimus Data System provides accurate high speed pressure data acquisition from ESP and MicroScanner pressure scanners for windtunnel test and measurement applications The system is appropriate for use in boundary layer low speed transonic supersonic and hypersonic windtunnels with low and high channel count requirements An Ethernet interface to the host computer offers either Engineer
39. command in detail Each command response identifies within itself the command which generated it as well as the structure of the data contained within it The Packet Header The starting point for deciphering Optimus response packets is the four byte packet header the first four bytes of every response from the OSP The Packet Header The first four 4 bytes of every packet RespCode RespType MsgLength Table 5 1 A ec structure struct sHeader char RespCode char RespType char MsgLength 2 struct sPacket struct sHeader header Char payload packet Where RespCode The Response Code field the first byte of the Packet Header which identifies the command or event that generated the packet The Response codes are listed in table 5 2 Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 181 Appendix A Continued Byte zero 0 of the Packet Header Table 5 2 The Response code is retrieved from the header using the structure defined earlier as follows Rcode packet header RespCode Note The command mnemonic listed in the right hand column of the Response Code table presents the first two letters of a command group and a variable indicated with an x By replacing the x with the units digit of the Response Code the reader can readily determine the command which generated the Response Code Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 182 Appendix A Continued RespType The Response
40. commands are listed below first in alphabetical order then by purpose Each command shows the section of this chapter where it is fully defined Host Commands Alphabetical By Operation Code ADO Stop High Speed DA Data Acquisition AD2 Acquire and Output Data to Host CAO Stop Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Generation CA1 Generate Arbitrary Output Pressure CA2 Start Zero Only Pneumatic Pressure Calibration CA3 Start Full Pneumatic Pressure Calibration CP1 Set Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Valve Mode CP2 Set Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Stabilization Time CP3 Set Post Extra SRQs Per Calibration Point CVO Turn a PCU s Valve s On Off CV1 Set Calibration Valve Position For All Scanners LA1 Look At a DAU s Ist Stage Datum LA2 Look At a DAU s EU Datum LA3 Look At a PCU s or PSU s Various Data LA4 Look At any Input Units Type amp Firmware Version or Look At the Current system Date Time OD4 Output Measurement Set Size in Bytes OD9 Define Host s Data Output Format OPO Clear Tables for Pneumatic Pressure Calibration OP1 Output a Tables Calibration Voltages OP2 Output a Tables Coefficients Adjustable OP3 Output a Tables Coefficients All OP4 Output the Actual Pressures Generated by PCUs OP5 Output a Scan List of a Table OP6 Output a PCUs or PSUs Internal Coefficients OP7 Output a PCUs Internal S100 Table OP9 Define Hosts Table Data Format Optimus User Manual Ho
41. control sensor used to actively sense the output of the Servo Controller The output of this sensor is passes to the comparator along with the output of the DAC DAC a A Digital to Analog converter the output of which is passes to the input of the comparator along with the output of the DH Transducer Comparator a The comparator receives input from the DH Transducer and the DAC The output of the comparator is drives the Servo Valve controlling the pressure generated by the PCU S100 Table a A lookup table containing DAC digital words indexed by pressure output by the Servo Controller as measured by the Pressure Standard The S100 Table is used to quickly achieve an approximation of the requested pressure The S100 Table is built internal to the PCU by the PC5 command Servo Controller a The pressure controller it modulates the flow of gas between the input supply and the vacuum input or vent in order to generate a pressure at the Cal Output port The output is monitored by the DH Transducer and also measured by the Pressure Standard The Servo is driven directly by the comparator output an error signal which is the difference between the DAC output and the DH Transducer output C1 and C2 a Control pressure signals which translate the Calibration Valves located within ESP scanners between the Run and Calibrate positions These signal pressures are actuated by all of the PCUs in a system in paral
42. converter offset drift Ultimately eight 8 groups of coefficients are derived for each port of a DTC scanner to convert the sensor output voltage into temperature compensated Engineering Unit values The remainder of this section presents the Coefficient Groups stored for each DTC scanner port within the scanner non volatile memory the Measured Parameters the calculated Coefficients and the Final Values the EU output of the equations The DTC Coefficient Groups Per scanner port Group Zero Adjustable C The Zero correction in EU C The Span correction Groups One through Four Pressure Ap Ay Ay Ag Bo Bp B B3 CES Dp Groups Five through Seven Temperature Qo Q1 Ro Ry So S4 Group Eight EU Temperature To Ty T3 Measured Parameters E The Scanners Excitation Voltage Z The mSDI A D converter zero reference T Sensor Raw Temperature Voltage P Sensor Raw Pressure Voltage Appendix B ESP scanner EU Pressure Conversion Equations Page 202 Appendix B Continued Intermediate Parameters T Sensor Normalized Temperature Voltage P Sensor Normalized Pressure Voltage q r s Coefficients Temperature T Sensor Corrected Temperature Voltage a b c d Coefficients Pressure Output Values P Sensor EU Pressure T Sensor EU Temperature The DTC equations solve for the Engineering Unit Pressure as a function of two interrelated variables the temperature of the sensor and the force appl
43. digital data A single mSDI can connect to and scan up to 8 DTC or Conventional ESP scanners A separate power cable connected between the Remote Power Supply RPS and mSDI powers the attached scanners and the mSDI itself An optional Y cable OFCY permits a single RPS to supply power for two 2 mSDI Expansion Chassis Remote Processor RP and Local Slave LS An Optimus System Processor supports 12 pressure ranges but has no rack or pneumatic interfaces in which to install PCUs or PSUs Remote Processors and Local Slaves provide the racks for installing these units and have a pneumatic manifold for routing the necessary calibration reference and control lines The Optimus System can be expanded using RPs to a maximum of three 3 and or LSs to a maximum of seven 7 per RP and each of these chassis contains eight 8 slots for PCUs or PSUs These expansion chassis are linked to the OSP via a serial interface providing control and data communication for a maximum of twelve 12 input units Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 23 Theory of Operation Continued Pressure Calibrate Unit PCU and Pressure Standard Unit PSU PCUs and PSUs occupy two 2 slots within an RP or LS chassis The PCU isa general purpose digitally controlled pneumatic calibration source and pressure generator It generates pressure by modulating a pressure supply against a pressure sink the vacuum inputs or vent ports The supply sink
44. however require a meticulous and deliberate nature The instruments themselves are influenced by the manner in which the operator handles them and a casual attitude and demeanor will generally produce marginal or deficient results The following is a description of the sequence of operations with some details included for clarity The specific sequence of commands depends on the version of the PCU and PSU firmware and also the pressure standard that is within the PCU or PSU The list of commands to be executed will be documented later in this appendix Start with power to the Remote Processor RP and Optimus System Processor OSP turned off Verify that The OSP is attached to the Network Switch The RP is connected to the OSP The PCU or PSU is installed within the rack of the RP The unused slots in the RP rack are filled with Blanking Units The Calibration Pressure generator is pneumatically connected to the appropriate port on the RP The Calibration Pressure Standard is connected to the Calibration Pressure generator For PCUs having a full scale pressure range equal to or greater than 200 PSIA A special manual ball valve is present in the case to bypass the solenoid valves when calibrating It must be set before the PCU is installed in the Remote Processor Rack Verify that the valve is set to the RUN position after the calibration process is completed Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 230 Appendi
45. into normalized data in a range of 1 0 lt pn lt 1 0 before conversion See the description of conversion coefficients and equations in the appendices for more information Response Confirmation Error Packet Format CA3 LRN Where LRN The Logical Range Number a number between 1 and 12 that identifies a specific PCU associating it with a group of ESP scanners to be calibrated by it The LRN must be unique for every PCU and PSU in the system Range 1 to 12 Example 1 Calibrate all ports within the scan list of all configured LRNs CAR Calibrate all LRNs defined in the system Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 133 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 2 Calibrate all scanners assigned to Logical Range 1 through 4 and then Logical Range 7 CA3 1 4 7 Calibrate the scanners assigned to LRNs 1 2 3 4 and 7 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 134 Host Operation and Programming Continued Read Write Clear and Format the System Calibration Data Commands OPO Clear the Pressure Calibration Coefficient Tables Clear the calibration data for all defined Setup Tables in OSP memory The calibration data includes PCU set pressure values A D counts for Conventional scanner ports coefficients for Conventional scanner ports pressure values for DTC scanner ports and the coefficients for DTC scanner ports After execution of thi
46. it automatically discover PCUs or PSUs The Data Acquisition Process Before describing the configuration of the system it is necessary to generally describe the manner in which data is acquired and its treatment or manipulation while being assembled for transmission to the controlling host application This short section presents terms and concepts that while not complete are necessary to understand the system configuration Optimus is a scanned multiplexed data system meaning that each of the ports on the attached ESP scanners and in turn each of the individual ESP scanners is selected by a digital word or Address An address word list a Scan List is created that defines the order in which each port of every ESP scanner is sampled The Scan List is created and maintained within the OFIUs in response to the OFIU configuration commands sent by the host application When the system is Triggered commanded to acquire data the address words stored in the Scan List are applied in sequence to the address input pins of the ESP scanners cable connector selecting the analog voltage output of the ESP scanners port The voltage output is digitized and the resulting Single Point value is stored in memory in preparation of being manipulated mathematically The stored array of values resulting from a single traversal of the Scan List is referred to as a single Frame of data Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 25 Theory of Operation
47. long command line SD4 111 1 101 0 33333 0 0 24422 0 2223 0 32 0 15 0 MOD ESP 32 DTC SER 64267 DOM 1997 03 31 EOH Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 96 Host Operation and Programming Continued Step 3 Write the Header data to the Header non volatile memory at port 0 0 of the DTC scanner SD5 111 1 2 0 0 After writing the Header the Trailer data is written Step 4 Modify the Table scan list to only include the Last port of the DTC scanner In this case the scanner has thirty two 32 pressure ports SD3 111 1 132 Step 5 Write the DTC scanner Trailer information into the Table using the SD4 command Note Observe the use of continuation characters to concatenate the long command line SD4 111 1 132 DOC 1997 03 31 MOC HP1234 XYZ SEC J163456 X 2345 BOT Step 6 Write the Trailer data to the Trailer non volatile memory at port 33 0 of the DTC scanner SD5 111 1 2 33 0 Once the header and Trailer data has been written write the individual port coefficients to non volatile memory one at a time Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 97 Host Operation and Programming Continued Step 7 Modify the Table scan list to include the all ports of the DTC scanner In this case the scanner has thirty two 32 pressure ports
48. loopctl lt nVals dataArray loopctl ntohs unsigned short int Idx idx 2 Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 190 Appendix A Continued The RAW three 3 byte integer format contains an array of 24 bit values Each value is the sum of a number of frames of data with the number of frames being indicated by the nFR element of the Stream Data header structure This data format must be promoted to a four byte long integer and converted to the host Endian order before being divided by nFR to get the average counts value Once divided by nFR the result is within the range of a short integer OxFFFF positive full scale Ox7FFF Zero and Ox0000 negative full scale Unsigned short int nVals ntohs unsigned short int amp strmpkt nVals unsigned long dataArray nVals Unsigned int loopctl Char idx tmp 4 Idx strmpkt data For loopctl 0 loopctl loopctl lt nVals Memset tmp 0 4 sizeof char Memcopy tmp 1 idx 3 sizeof char dataArray loopctl ntohl unsigned long tmp idx 3 Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 191 Appendix A Continued The RAW four 4 byte integer format contains an array of signed 32 bit values Each value has been complemented before promotion to a long Therefore the values are in the range 0Ox00007FFF positive full scale to OxFFFF8000 negative full scale In signed long integer 32767 to 32768 The values must be convert
49. must be completed before applying power to the Optimus System The Optimus System consists of five 5 groups of equipment System Processor OSP Expansion Chassis Remote Processor RP Local Slave LS Input Units Fiber optic Interface Unit OFIU Pressure Calibrate Unit PCU Pressure Standard Unit PSU ESP Scanner Interfaces Miniature Scanner Digitizer Interface mSDI Remote Power Supply RPS ESP pressure scanners DTC Conventional Micro Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 41 Installation and Setup Continued Descriptions System Processor OSP The OSP controls all components Remote Processors Pressure Calibrate Units and Fiber Interface Units while simultaneously providing an interface to the host computer Figure 3 1 OSP Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 42 Installation and Setup Continued Remote Processor RP and Local Slave LS The RP and LS provide pneumatic and electrical interface for one or more Pressure Calibrate Units PCUs They are typically located near to the ESP pressure scanners requiring calibration by those PCUs The RP has an internal power supply and connects to the OSP via an RS 485 multi drop serial interface An LS draws its power from and communicates through an RP providing slots for installing an additional four 4 PCUs Up to three 3 RPs can be simultaneously connected to a single OSP Each RP can have up to seven 7 LS attached simultaneously
50. of the OSP This memory area is used to hold the current configuration a copy of the Initialize commands for the OSP and all currently configured input units Response Confirmation Error Packet Format SPO Pass Where Pass A Confirmation to clear the Non Volatile Memory Value 1 The argument prevents unintentional erasure of memory Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 174 Host Operation and Programming Continued SP1 Copy a System Configuration To or From Non Volatile Memory The SP1 command stores or loads a system configuration the initialize commands that have been successfully executed between non volatile memory and operating memory This stored configuration allows the system to be automatically initialized on power up Automatic initialization can save some time after a power cycle Response Confirmation Error Packet Format SP1 action Where action The action to perform Value 0 Load the system configuration from non volatile memory to operating memory Value 1 Store the system configuration to non volatile memory from operating memory Example Store the current configuration to non volatile memory SP1 1 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 175 Host Operation and Programming Continued SP2 Enable or Disable Automatic Initialization at System Start Up The SP2 command disables or enables the system Automatic
51. or not they are used to calibrate ESP scanners The valves within the PCUs are coordinated during calibration of ESP scanners and un initialized PCUs will not be properly configured Calibration failure will occur if PCUs are not properly configured Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 132 Host Operation and Programming Continued The OP3 command is used to inspect the coefficients that result from running a full calibration This command displays all coefficient values whether affected by the calibration or not Using this information along with the output of the OP1 and OP2 commands it is possible to recalculate and verify all the coefficients for Conventional ESP scanners as well as the C and C coefficient adjustments for DTC ESP scanners In addition it is possible to acquire and convert raw data to EU data directly This process can be used to increase throughput of the system by eliminating the internal processing required of the OSP Important Internally Conventional scanner coefficients are represented as units of pressure per A D count which are more efficient for conversion The Conventional scanner coefficients for output are represented as units of pressure per volt The units of DTC coefficients and fpe coefficients taken together are in units of pressure per normalized raw pressure units both internally and externally This is because all raw A D count data from DTC ESP scanners are converted immediately
52. port stored on an EEPROM within the DTC ESP scanner itself This feature allows DTC ESP scanners to operate accurately over large temperature ranges without having to regularly perform full pneumatic pressure calibrations The OFIU uploads the DTC coefficients to the OSP on start up and is then ready to acquire data and convert it to Engineering Units Digital Digitizer Analog Address Connector Fiber Optic Selection Latches Transciever Switches Figure 2 3 mSDI Block Diagram The major blocks of the mSDI are Analog to Digital Converter ADC Address and Control Logic eight 8 channel analog multiplexer instrumentation Amplifier and Fiber Optic communications channel to the OFIU The ADC s digital output is a 16 bit unsigned binary number with values in the range 0 65535 0000 FFFF Hex Zero volts is digitized to an offset value in the middle of this range 32768 or 0x8000 in order to obtain bipolar voltage measurements Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 22 Theory of Operation Continued When raw data are output to the host the OSP converts them to signed short integers in the range 32768 to 32767 or equivalent voltages approximating 5 0000 to 5 0000 volts In addition averaged raw data 24 bit unsigned integer partial sums not yet divided by the number of samples per average may also be output OFIU and mSDI are interconnected via a high speed fiber optic link that only transmits
53. ports each and will be calibrated by the PCU designated as LRN 1 The scanners attached to mSDI connectors 3 through 6 have 32 pressure ports each and will be calibrated by the PCU designated as LRN2 Example 3 A System is configured with one OFIU and its mSDI Interface one 1 64 port DTC ESP scanner and two 2 32 port DTC ESP scanners will use their normal range and be calibrated using a PCU assigned to LRN 1 three 3 32 port Conventional ESP scanners will be calibrated by a PCU assigned to LRN 2 and one 1 64 port DTC ESP scanner will use its sensitive range and be calibrated by a PCU assigned to LRN 3 SD1 111 1 64 1 2 3 32 1 4 6 32 2 7 64 3 Which states The OFIU at OSP slot location 111 has scanners attached to mSDI connectors 1 through 7 The scanner attached to mSDI connector 1 has 64 pressure ports and the scanners attached to mSDI connectors 2 and 3 have 32 pressure ports The three scanners attached to mSDI connectors 1 through 3 will be calibrated by the PCU designated as LRN 1 The scanners attached to mSDI connectors 4 through 6 have 32 pressure ports each and will be calibrated by the PCU designated as LRN 2 The scanner attached to mSDI connector 7 has 64 pressure ports is to be configured in its sensitive mode and will be calibrated by the PCU designated as LRN 3 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 75 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 4
54. precision supply voltages to mSDI and the attached ESP scanners The front panel contains four analog current meters four separate circuit breakers a power switch and a digital volt meter with a four position selector switch The output current of each power supply can be continuously monitored via the analog meters The output voltage of any of the four supplies can be checked with the digital panel meter by selecting the desired output with the four position selector switch Each output is protected by a circuit breaker The circuit breakers and their reset buttons are accessible on the front panel System Setup The Optimus System has a variety of equipment options It is however important to recognize that the system is modular and that the individual modules work together to perform one task making pressure measurements using the ESP scanners and returning the pressure data to a host computer The installation described below is for a simplified system beginning with the physical interconnections pneumatic communication and electrical The installation of the Optimus demonstration software will then be detailed followed by the description of the power up sequence the configuration of the system using the demonstration software WARNING Power to the Optimus System must be off during installation A Basic Configuration The following shows a basic wind tunnel configuration The Control room and Data center for the tunnel is sited i
55. reason and will drop the TCP IP connection When the TCP IP connection is dropped read requests for data will fail with a socket closed error requiring the establishment of a new TCP IP connection and re configuration of the OSP Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 63 Host Operation and Programming Continued Legal Command String Examples The following are examples of legal commands Single commands with word parameters parentheses and extra blanks are ignored SD2 111 1 1 O 32 O ITRIG PAM 1 sd2 111 1 1 0 32 0O ATRIG PAM 1 sd2 1111 10320 121 Various termination characters parentheses and commas are ignored sdl 111 1 32 1 sd1 111 1 32 1 lt NUL gt sd1 111 1 32 1 lt CR gt sdl 111 1 32 1 lt LF gt sdl 111 1 32 1 lt CR gt lt LF gt Packed command string with 2 commands single and multiple terminators SPO 1 SP2 2 SPO 1 SP2 2 lt CR gt lt LF gt Long fragmented command with ranges and various continuation characters SD1 111 more 1 4 16 1 more 5 6 32 2 more 7 8 16 3 SD1 111 1 4 16 1 5 6 32 2 7 8 16 3 lt CR gt SD1 111 1 4 16 1 5 6 32 2 7 8 16 3 Each command string or fragment of a continued command must be additionally terminated encapsulated per its particular link driver Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 64 Host Operation and Programming Continued Command Overview Host
56. scanners can be time consuming and so once a full calibration has been performed a shorter re zero pneumatic calibration process can quickly eliminate the largest component of error in the Conventional ESP scanners Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 71 Host Operation and Programming Continued DTC ESP scanners being factory calibrated and Digitally Temperature Compensated do not require a full five 5 point pneumatic calibration before operation Instead a set of compensation coefficients are uploaded for each DTC ESP scanner port from non volatile storage inside each DTC ESP scanner Once the DTC pressure and temperature coefficients have been read from the DTC ESP scanners internal non volatile memory the system is ready to acquire and output EU data The pneumatic calibration process still exists however it is simpler faster and is performed less frequently only adjusting the two lowest order DTC coefficients Zero C and Span C for each scanned port using a short two 2 point pneumatic calibration These adjustable DTC coefficients in combination with dynamically calculated DTC coefficients and the permanently stored DTC coefficients are used to convert raw pressure data into engineering units The Optimus OFIU is capable of acquiring data from both DTC and Conventional ESP scanners simultaneously It should be noted that if a mixture of DTC and Conventional scanners are to be used it is best to put all
57. separate thread or process for parsing and record keeping No processing of the data packets should take place within the socket read loop Writes to the socket can occur in a separate thread having access to the socket handle without concern that they will interfere with the socket read process The following pseudo code simply illustrates the socket read loop a process which is critical to the success of applications which communicate with Optimus Be aware that there are several critical thread interlock and shared memory issues within the example Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 196 Appendix A Continued An Optimus Read TCP IP Socket Loop example Allocate a circular buffer for passing the data packets to the response parser Char pPacketCircularBuffer 100 pPCB Allocate a pointer into the circular buffer for use within the socket read loop pPCB pPacketCircularBuffer While not exit Char pPacket Header 4 Unsigned short int MsgLen Wait on one of the events to occur on the socket Poll socket Timeout or Socket Error or Data Arrival If Data_Arrival If data has arrived Clear my header array Memset Header 0 4 sizeof char Read the first four bytes of the packet It s a good idea to verify you read four bytes Good practice to read again to get 4 bytes read 0 I didn t do that here Read socket Header 4 The message header is always in
58. set by the PCU in the pressure units declared by the PC4 command Values greater than the stated Maximum Pressure the MaxP parameter declared in the PC1 command will be coerced to the value of MaxP Value A floating point number within the range of the PCUs capability OutPort One of the PCUs physical ports directed to a physical location on the back of the chassis within which the PCU resides This parameter accepts either the mnemonic or numeric values listed below Value CALOUT 0 The Calibration Output port Value REFOUT 1 The Reference Output port Dedicate This is an optional flag that locks the PCU to its pressure generation task The CAO command will not clear the dedicate flag To clear the dedicate flag issue the CA1 command without the dedicate parameter or with dedicate set equal to zero 0 Value O Disable The default state if un specified Value 1 Enable Example 1 Output 2 56 psi pressure from the Calibration output port of the PCU designated as LRN 1 CAL 1 2 56 CALOUT Instruct the PCU which PC1 command has defined it as LRN 1 to set 2 56 psi and emit it on its normal output port Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 128 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 2 Continuously set a pressure of 250 psia on the calibration port of the PCU designated as LRN 6 Set the Dedicate flag so that the PCU will not be interrupted by calibration
59. taking data at 1000 millisecond intervals with the interval timer inside the PCU or PSU controlling the data rate Each data point transmitted by the system will be a Pressure Measurement set containing an array having a single indices the current value of output by the PCU or PSU Example 2 Configure Table 1 for the PCU or PSU at RP CRS 211 to acquire an unbounded number of Measurement Sets in response to a digital edge transition applied to the RP Trigger Input BNC connector with the Format of each Measurement Set being IEEE floating point values The trigger signal for each Measurement set will be generated by an external signal generator at an arbitrary rate The data will be synchronous having only fresh data values PS2 211 1 1 O 0 0 ATRIG 1 2 When the Data acquisition command is received the PCU or PSU will wait for an edge transition on the Trigger Input BNC connector When a trigger signal occurs the PCU or PSU will acquire a Pressure Measurement set and transmit it to the host application The Pressure Measurement Set will have been converted into Engineering Unit values The system will then wait for another digital transition on the Trigger Input BNC Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 113 Host Operation and Programming Continued PC3 and PS3 Command Modify a PCU s or PSU s Internal Coefficients PSUs and PCUs are both single channel pressure measuring units and do not require a Scan Lis
60. to the Cal Ref port Run Ref one 1 through eight 8 PCU Pressure Standards utilize the ODD numbered Reference ports one 1 three 3 five 5 and seven 7 as the reference pressure measurement point Differential units set their requested pressures relative to the absolute pressure sampled from these ports and Absolute units can be configured to measure the pressure on this port for the same purpose Note DO NOT Block the EVEN numbered Reference Ports two 2 four 4 six 6 and eight 8 They MUST BE left open for proper PCU operation The EVEN numbered Reference Ports are used by the PCU pneumatic controller as an exhaust and inlet during operation Tubing length and diameter affect the system s pneumatic settling time Greater tubing length on the Cal 1 Cal 8 lines results in longer stabilization time for a re zero or multipoint calibration When adapting the control calibrate and reference pressures to miniature pressure scanners nylon tubing with retaining springs should be used Important The entire Optimus System should be checked for leaks before acquiring data Leaks will degrade system performance Front Panel Description The Front Panel of the OSP incorporates eight 8 LEDs and one illuminated power switch The Indicator LEDs are listed in Table 3 2 below OSP LED Indicators Rea Half Duplex romo rau Frauke fron fae __ uooom O Sid CCS Table 3 2 Optimus User Manual Installati
61. two 2 for the OFIU located at OSP CRS 112 OP3 112 2 Return all factory DTC coefficients for the DTC ESP scanners attached to the OFIU and mSDI at OSP location CRS 112 which are listed in Table two 2 Example 4 In order to retrieve only the DTC scanner header and trailer a separate initialization must be performed The Header and Trailer contain identification information for the scanner such as the serial number date of manufacture and the number of pressure ports This information can be helpful when designing or implementing a robust and potentially self configuring data system Note Each step must be performed in the order presented to accomplish the header and trailer read For completeness we will assume that the OFIU and mSDI at OSP CRS 111 has eight 8 64 port DTC ESP scanners attached We wish to read the scanner header and trailer information so that the serial number can be determined and also the Date of Factory Calibration First create and execute an SD1 command for all eight scanners SD1 111 1 8 64 1 Then we use a standard SD2 Table configuration The selection of Table 3 is to avoid conflict with any other Table that may be configured SD2 111 3 1 O 1 0 FREE SEQ 1 A Scan List is created consisting of the first port of the first scanner SD3 111 3 1013 An SD5 command is executed to read the coefficients for port zero the header alias SD5 111 3 0 0 0 Opti
62. unrecognized characters or character groups will be flagged as an illegal or unrecognized command Comments within commands are not permitted Whether the host receives a normal packed or continued command it will parsed to obtain single commands which will be executed in sequence OSP Responses OSP responses to commands including error responses are structures designed to be decoded using Case or Switch statements Since the Optimus is a Big endian system you will be required to convert the structure members to the correct format for your host PC Details and recommendations will be offered in Appendix J detailing the data conversion algorithms Every command response begins with a standard 8 byte header followed by the structured payload the header and payload structures are documented in Appendix B Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 61 Host Operation and Programming Continued The first four 4 bytes of every packet emitted from the OSP contain in order A single byte Response Code a single byte Response Type and a short integer Message Length The Response Code indicates the command or operation that generated the packet The Response Type indicates the structure of the data embedded within the packet The Message Length is the total length of this packet including the four byte header in bytes The data structure will be one of the following as indicated by the Response Type 1 Conf
63. valves have completed their translation The CP1 command changes the duration for which the C1 and C2 control pressures are applied The duration may be finite or infinite depending on the value of the Pulse Duration specified Response Confirmation Error Packet Format CP1 PulDur Where PulDur The Pulse Duration in seconds for which the control pressures C1 and C2 are applied when translation of the ESP scanner calibration valve is called for The default Pulse Duration is 5 seconds Value Integer seconds from 1 to 199 The default is five 5 seconds A value of zero 0 designates Continuous application of the C1 and C2 control pressures Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 121 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example Set C1 and C2 Pulse Duration to ten 10 seconds CP1 10 When the Optimus is commanded to move the calibration valves within the ESP scanners the Control pressure will be applied for ten 10 seconds after which the air pressure source will be turned off and the control line vented Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 122 Host Operation and Programming Continued CP2 Set the Calibration Pressure Stabilization Time Periodically ESP scanners must be calibrated either a simple offset correction or a longer span adjustment The Process requires that the pneumatic output of the calibrators be connected to the measurement side of all
64. voltage must also be sampled at short intervals while the sensor is stabilizing to its operating temperature Once the sensor temperature has achieved stability the sample rate of the Temperature voltage can be reduced Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Page 221 Appendix D Continued The first step in the process of calculating a new value is to normalize the Pressure and Temperature raw A D counts for the current excitation and A D offset Crn C C C C Chn C C C C Where C sensor Excitation Counts C A D converter Zero Counts C sensor Pressure Counts C n sensor Normalized Pressure Counts C sensor Temperature Counts Cin sensor Normalized Temperature Counts The next step in the process is to adjust the Normalized Temperature Counts for the applied pressure The applied pressure is in psi units and should ideally be the pressure calculated previously If this is the first iteration of a calculated value for this sensor then the value used for psi P rev is set equal to 0 0 resulting in the application of just the offset term of the Pressure Effect on Temperature coefficients Cre Con CPP prev t oP prev Note It is critical that the Pressure correction on Temperature be calculated twice when first accessing the sensor This is done to assure that the temperature correction has converged to a stabile solution Where P prev 7 0 0 or the pressure in psi calculated in
65. 08 90 00000 015 SOLDER CUP VIEW 24 VDC RP LS 24RTN K1 K1 K2 K2 1 1 GND GND J1 J8 Solenoid Drive Logic 5e 5e RTN GND COMMON PRESSURE GND TEMP ETC e DE MDM 15PS CANON P N 26 03 1530A P N 09 81 15PS JUMPER SCANNER 89 000000 ol 159 0 0000 0 SOLDER CUP VIEW Figure 11 5 mSDI to ESP scanner the OSCB Cable g Vent Plug J K1 C1 125 psig C2 K2 Vent Scanner Reference 1 Facility Plug Reference Scanner Calibration Cal Port Pressure Plug Figure 11 6 84sa External Valve Control assembly Appendix G System Drawings Page 249 Appendix G Continued Appendix G System Drawings Page 250 Appendix H Revision History Revision 0 0 August 2014 Pre Release Revision 1 0 February 2015 Removed reference to Acquire and Store Data AD 1 Removed reference to Clear All Acquired Data ODO Removed reference to Output Selected Stored Data OD1 Removed reference to Output SP Storage Capacity OD3 Revision 1 1 March 2015 Added Appendix Y to document CE Compliance Requirements Documented the Inclusion of Appendix H The Revision History Documented Appendix Z The Open Source statement Appendix H Optimus User Manual Revision History Page 251 Appendix H Continued Appendix H Optimus User Manual Revision History Page 252 Appendix Y Optimus is shipped with a power cord suitab
66. 1 251 253 253 255 255 Introduction The Optimus Data System has been designed specifically for windtunnel applications The Optimus System Processor OSP manages a configurable measurement solution having high precision and throughput of up to 2048 measurement channels Pressure is measured with ESP Miniature pressure scanners or MicroScanners and then converted to a digital value within a Miniature Scanner Digitizer Interface mSDI The raw digital data is converted to Engineering Unit values within the Optimus System Processor and transmitted via Ethernet at up to one 1 Gbps Optimus System Processor Remote Processor Remote Power Supply Figure 1 1 The Optimus System As illustrated in figure 1 1 the OSP is the master providing a standard interface through which the system is accessed ESP pressure scanners are placed within or near the item under test and their measurement ports are attached to the pressure taps on the item under test using flexible tubing Up to eight 8 ESP pressure scanners or MicroScanners in any combination are connected via cable to the miniature Scanner Digitizer Interface mSDI which can be placed within the test article within the support structure or at any convenient location up to a maximum of 150 feet away from the scanners An mSDI is connected to an Optimus Fiber optic Interface OFIU located within the OSP via a single multi mode fiber optic cable Power is supplied directly to
67. 1 Optimus Tool Kit Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 47 Installation and Setup Continued Consumable Supplies Qty 500 Ft 0 040 polyurethane tubing Qty 500 Ft 0 063 Nylon tubing Qty 500 Ft 0 25 polyurethane tubing Qty 10 0 063 T s Qty 10 0 063 to 0 040 reducers Qty 10 0 125 to 0 063 reducers The OSP RP and RPS have rack mount flanges for installation into a standard 19 instrument cabinet These items are mounted in racks at the locations indicated using a number of screws equal to the number of panel attachment pockets The OSP s front panel incorporates indicator LED s and a covered power switch These LED indicators present system status in a readily identifiable manner and should be kept visible during normal operation The power Ethernet and mSDI fiber optic cable connectors are located on the rear panel of the OSP It is necessary that the rack containing the OSP chassis allow access for these connectors as well as maintaining a minimum one 1 Rack Unit 1U clearance above and below the OSP chassis The RP back panel must also be accessible for configuration and maintenance In addition PCU s retained within the RP will vent gas from the VENT ports located at the rear of the RP during normal operation A modest amount of noise is generated in the process and should be expected The front panel access door for this rack must allow for the installation and removal of the P
68. 101 is Scanner 1 port Ol Positive values of sPort return the pressure EU for Conventional and DTC ESP scanners Negative values of sPort are used to select the temperature EU for the given DTC ESP scanner port In addition to the described port data several general data items are available using this command through negative virtual port numbers Negative port numbers 97 98 and 99 retrieve the DTC scanner Status Byte scanner A D converter Zero Voltage and the DTC scanner Excitation Voltage FrCt The Frame Count used for acquiring the requested data Range 1 to 255 Default is 64 if not specified Example 1 Read the pressure EU from scanner 1 port 1 connected to the OFIU at OSP CRS 111 The value returned will be an average of 32 A D samples LA2 111 101 32 Example 2 Read the temperature EU from scanner 1 port 1 connected to the OFIU at OSP CRS 111 The value returned will be an average of 32 A D samples LA2 111 101 32 Example 3 Read the Excitation voltage from scanner 1 port 1 connected to the OFIU at OSP CRS 111 The value returned will be an average of 32 A D samples LA2 111 197 32 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 161 Host Operation and Programming Continued LAS Look at a PCUs or PSUs Data Reads a value from a PCU or PSU and transmits that value to the host application The PCU or PSU must have been initialized using a PC1 or PS1 command
69. 29 Theory of Operation Continued The form of the SD2 command from the Programmers Reference chapter of this User Manual is SD2 CRS sTBL nFR FRd nMS MSd TRIG SCNm OCf Where sTBL The number of the Table being defined nFR The number of Frames to be averaged FRd The Amount of time between each Frame in microseconds nMS The total number of Measurement Sets to be output MSd The interval at which the Measurement Sets will be output TRIG The trigger event that will start the acquisition SCNm The Scan Mode for acquiring data OCf The data Output and Conversion Format For example continuing the configuration described earlier in order to use Table one 1 to acquire Measurement Sets continuously at ten 10 Hz each Measurement Set being the average of ten 10 Frames with the Format of the Measurement Set being an array of IEEE floating point values the SD2 command is SD2 111 1 10 O O 100 FREE PAM 2 To re cap this command specifies that When commanded to start acquiring data using Table one 1 for the ESP scanners indicated in the SD1 command of the OFIU and mSDI at chassis location CRS 111 acquire 10 Frames of data and calculate the average value for each of the scanner port values calculate the Engineering Unit value for each of the port data values in the averaged Frames Structure the Measurement Set data as an array of Floating Point values Transmit
70. 40 Installation and Setup This chapter covers the unpacking assembly and installation of the Optimus System The Optimus System has many components that can be purchased as an entire system or as individual pieces of equipment Before assembling the System use the shipping bill as a reference to ensure all parts have arrived Measurement Specialties Meas takes no responsibility for equipment damaged during shipping If containers appear broken ripped or damaged contact the transportation carrier If the equipment is damaged contact Measurement Specialties and ask for Customer Service WARNING All system mains power should be off during installation or when removing any components from the Optimus System Failure to shut off power prior to installation may cause physical injury or component failure Optimus System The Optimus System consists of many components that operate together under the control of the Optimus System Processor OSP The user can control the OSP using the free setup software which can be installed on a host computer Optimus is based on a parallel processing concept in order to achieve its high throughput Because it is also modular the system can be easily expanded from modest less than 64 channels to large more than 1 000 channels by simply adding compatible components This chapter presents the information necessary to configure and connect each piece of equipment To prevent hardware damage this work
71. Adjustable OP3 Output a Tables Coefficients All OP4 Output the Actual Pressures Generated by PCUs OP5 Output a Scan List of a Table OP6 Output a PCUs or PSUs Internal Coefficients OP7 Output a PCUs Internal S100 Table OP9 Define Hosts Table Data Format HIGH SPEED DATA ACQUISITION DA CONTROL COMMANDS ADO Stop High Speed DA Data Acquisition AD2 Acquire and Output Data to Host CLEAR OUTPUT STORED DATA COMMANDS OD4 Output Measurement Set Size in Bytes OD9 Define Host s Data Output Format LIVE ACTION LOOK AT DATA ACQUISITION COMMANDS LA1 Look At a DAU s 1st Stage Datum LA2 Look At a DAU s EU Datum LA3 Look At a PCU s or PSU s Various Data LA4 Look At any Input Unit s Type amp Firmware Version or Look At Current Date Time VALVE CONTROL COMMANDS CVO Turn a PCU s Valve s On Off CV 1 Set Calibration Valve Position For All Scanners SYSTEM COMMUNICATION HOST PROTOCOL COMMANDS SC1 Set SRQ EOI Mode for Host Data amp Specify IP Address or RESET SC2 Enable Disable Host Responses from Selected Commands SC4 Enable Disable Host Command Echo amp Specify Subnet Mask Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 68 Host Operation and Programming Continued SYSTEM PROCESSOR CONTROL COMMANDS SPO Clear Reformat Default Memory SP1 Copy Initialize Commands To From Default Memory SP2 Enable Disable AUTO Initialize On Start Up SP3 Execute a system configurations Init
72. Appendix E Continued Once the physical configuration of the pneumatics is accomplished the instruments integration period or number of samples to average must be increased to achieve the necessary resolution and stability for calibration The LA3 command is used to read the current value via feature 26 typically 500 for HASS standards and 2000 for Quartz standards The PC3 or PS3 command changes the value of the integration period or number of samples to average via term 26 Reference the PCU and PSU coefficients in Appendix D for the default values for the integration period or number of samples to average Note The sign of the Term used in the PC3 and PS3 command is positive and that the sign of the Feature used in the LA3 command is negative Reminder The value for integration and averaging must be returned to the default operating value before returning the unit to service If the calibration settings remain in effect the unit will be slow to respond in service and will likely be identified as faulty Once the PCU or PSU is configured the unit must be allowed to achieve a stabile temperature Temperature stability is critical even if the pressure standard is temperature compensated For HASS or temperature compensated quartz transducers the temperature can be read directly from the PCU allowing the application to determine stability A temperature stability of 0 01 C per minute is required with th
73. CUs In addition the RP chassis of the RP must have a minimum one 1 Rack Unit 1U of clearance above and below within the rack Only a few simple tools are needed to assemble and install the Optimus System Measurement Specialties recommends and or supplies the tools listed below 3 32 Hex Driver 5 32 Hex Driver Offset Wrench 3 8 and 7 16 Offset Wrench 1 2 and 9 16 Straight Slot Screwdriver Phillips Head Screwdriver Tubing Pliers Supplied with a Optimus System OSP Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 48 Installation and Setup Continued Line Voltage and Fuse Holder The OSP contains a universal power supply and can be operated on line voltage around the world by simply changing the power cord for the local standard plug An RP does not contain a universal power supply An RP must be explicitly ordered and will be delivered configured for 100 120 or 240 VAC at 50Hz or 60Hz Before installing the power cord in an RP check the line voltage setting The power line setting is indicated by labels on the RP chassis and on a circuit card located under the fuse holder If the line power configuration labels are not present or are damaged remove the power cord from the power entry module and slide the plastic fuse cover toward and over the power cord socket then look for the numeric value for the line voltage etched on the circuit card The circuit card displays the number 100 120 or 240 The RP chassis are
74. Calibrate Units supporting pressure calibration of the ESP scanners in addition to PSUs acquiring precision single pressure values The PCU and PSU LRN is specified in the PC1 and PS1 commands Range 1 to 12 Since all scanners connected to an OFIU must be defined by this one command you may need to use continuation characters to break up a long SD1 command Example 1 A System is configured with one 1 OFIU and its mSDI Interface eight 8 identical 16 port Conventional ESP scanners and one 1 PCU appropriate for calibrating those scanners is assigned to LRN 1 The OFIU SD1 command is SD1 111 1 8 16 1 Which states The OFIU at OSP slot location 111 has scanners attached to each of its mSDI connectors Each of the eight scanners has 16 pressure ports and they will be calibrated by the PCU designated as LRN 1 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 74 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 2 A System is configured with one OFIU and its mSDI Interface two 2 identical 48 port legacy Conventional ESP scanners which will be calibrated using a PCU assigned to LRN 1 and four 4 32 port Conventional ESP scanners which will be calibrated by a PCU assigned to LRN 2 SD1 111 1 2 48 1 3 6 32 2 Which states The OFIU at OSP slot location 111 has scanners attached to mSDI connectors 1 through 6 The scanners attached to mSDI connectors 1 and 2 have 48 pressure
75. DI Optimus User Manual Introduction Page 15 Introduction Continued Pressure Scanners ESP Pressure scanners are classified as either miniature or micro scanners The scanners are connected to an mSDI through OSCB which can be purchased ina variety of lengths ranging between 6 inches and 150 feet Note that OSCB cables having a length greater than thirty 30 feet are only supported when using Gen 2 ESP DTC pressure scanners or MicroScanner pressure scanners The pressure scanners interface with the pressure taps on the item under test via flexible tubing typically made of polyurethane The scanners are commonly mounted in close proximity to the pressure taps within the test article In some cases the MicroScanner can be mated directly to a test component without need of flexible tubing reducing the volume required for the installation Optimus also supports legacy ESP scanners including products which are no longer manufactured or supported The performance achievable with these scanners is comparable with the current product data sheets within limits Those limits include the maximum OSCB cable length and data throughput rate limits for non GEN 2 scanners Figure 1 6 A variety of ESP scanners from 16HD to legacy and MicroScanner Optimus User Manual Introduction Page 16 Introduction Continued Expansion Chassis Remote Processor and Local Slave The RP and LS are rack mounted interfaces for the PCU and PSU They provid
76. EEE 754 float values In these packets the array dimensions the number of columns and rows are described by the Array Data Header The Array Data Header The four 4 bytes following the Packet Header Byte 4 Byte 5 Byte 6 Number of Rows Number of Columns Table 5 8 When using the c structure described earlier the Array Data Header and the Array of values can be decoded using the ntohl network to host order long function and ntohs the network to host order short integer function as follows A ec structure struct sHeader char RespCode char RespType char MsgLength 2 struct sPacket struct sHeader header Char payload packet struct sAryDatHdr char nRows 2 char nCols 2 char data arypkt Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 193 Appendix A Continued arypkt struct sAryDatHdr amp packet payload Create an array of the size and type needed to decode the array data Unsigned short int nRows ntohs unsigned short int amp arypkt nRows Unsigned short int nCols ntohs unsigned short int amp arypkt nCols long dataArray nRows nCols Single dataArray nRows nCols The data format is indicated by the Response type value in the Packet header and the number of values rows and columns in the data array is indicated by the nRows and nCols data elements of the Array Data header structure With that information the data elem
77. I Power Cable Type A 8491 8411 09 28 HTD15P 09 28 HTD15P 09 38 DA9H 26 03 1422 09 38 DA9H 12Vs 12Vs 12V 12Vrtn 12V 12Vrin 5Ves 5Vesrin 5Vds 5Ve 5Vertn 5Vd 5Vadrin o5 04 03 o2 o l 01009 08 o7 06 215 014 013 012 911 SOLDER CUP VIEW Figure 11 2 RPS to mSDI Power Cable Type B Appendix G System Drawings Page 247 Appendix G Continued SP RP LS CONNECTION CONNECTION 10 AWG 5 VDC BLACK 10 AWG GND BLUE 14 AWG 18 VDC GREEN 14 AWG 18 VDC WHITE 14 AWG 24 VDC Cable 26 03 0510 MALE FEMALE KPT TYPE KPT TYPE MS3106F 18 11P MS3106F 18 11S 09 48 056F 09 49 056F Figure 11 3 RP to LS Power Cable DRAIN WIRE DRAIN WIRE 7 7 LMTD WHITE ot LMTD WHITE Sle LMTD Diegi LMTD BLACK Wieg LMRD WHITE a a LMRD WHITE Hes LMRD pi LMRD BROWN ley OSP LS CHASSIS RP CHASSIS MALE FEMALE MALE CABLE SHIELD ELECTRICAL GROUND CABLE TYPE ALPHA 5122 4 CONDUCTOR WITH DRAIN WIRE CONNECTOR DB 25P MALE 25 PIN D STYLE DB 25S FEMALE 25 PIN D STYLE LS ONLY Figure 11 4 OSP to RP Communication Cable Appendix G System Drawings Page 248 Appendix G Continued MDM 15SS CANON P N 09 82 15SS 3 ij BROwN gt RED ORANGE Yeow W RED GREEN 6 BLUE 7 VIOLET GRAY Na wHITE wBLack S weon W GREEN CLEAR ay SYSTEM lo 0 0 0 0 CO O
78. IU at OSP CRS 111 Table 2 OFIU at OSP CRS 113 Table 2 and the PSU CRS 211 Table 3 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 155 Host Operation and Programming Continued This will require several steps First output the number of bytes available in OSP memory OD4 100 0 Next output number of bytes used by each measurement set of the OFIU at OSP CRS 111 Table 2 OD4 111 2 Then output number of bytes used by each measurement set of the OFIU at OSP CRS 113 Table 2 OD4 113 2 Finally output number of bytes used by each measurement set of the PSU CRS 211 Table 3 OD4 211 3 Now having all of the required information we can calculate the total number of Measurement sets that can be acquired using each Table Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 156 Host Operation and Programming Continued OD9 Set the Hosts Data Output Format Set the format of the Measurement Sets sent to the host in Stream Data Packets The format stays current until changed by the host or until the OSP is Reset The OD9 Command affects the output format of the OD1 OD2 and AD2 Commands LA1 LA2 and LAS are available in IEEE floating point formats only Response Confirmation Error Packet Format OD9 dFmt Where dFmt The Data Format of Stream Data Packets as a numeric value Value O or 17 Natural raw format Value 18 Long integer 4 bytes Value 19
79. Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 80 Host Operation and Programming Continued The Ez Set differs from the Temp Set and Press Set by having a single Excitation value for each ESP scanner defined in the SD1 command and a single Zero Offset value for the A D converter within the mSDI The Excitation data will be present for scanners even if they are not referenced in the SD3 command The Engineering Unit Format returns Pressure Measurement Sets generated by the OFIU The EU Measurement Sets are arrays of 32 bit IEEE 754 floating point values in Big Endian order The data structure is indicated by the Response Type value embedded within the data packet The values have been processed and are the result of Frame Averaging specified in the nFR parameter OFIUs operating in Full OFIU Mode do acquire Excitation Zero offset and Temperature sets from DTC ESP scanners but do not transmit them to the host The DTC ESP scanner data is fully compensated for temperature The Engineering Units default to PSI if DTC or Conventional ESP scanners have coefficients resident in memory Other units can be specified using the PC4 command Conventional ESP scanners that have not been calibrated and DTC ESP scanners which conversion coefficients have been read into memory will output data in volts Coefficients may be created as a result of calibration using the CA2 or CA3 commands or loaded into memory using the SD4 or SD5 commands Th
80. Oscillator periods are counted T The average Pressure or Temperature oscillator period in micro seconds If the transducer is a temperature compensated unit the temperature correction coefficients are used to derive the pressure coefficients C D and tT using the following equations AT T Ty Where T The Normalized Temperature period in microseconds Tt The Temperature period at 0 0 C in microseconds AT The difference between the current Temperature period and the Temperature period at 0 0 C in microseconds Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Page 218 Appendix D Continued Followed by calculation of the Temperature corrected Pressure Coefficients C C 4 C AT C AT b D DAT T T tT ALA AL T AT2 T AT 4 Note The results of the equations above are temperature compensated pressure coefficients If the unit being used is not a temperature compensated quartz transducer then the constant pressure coefficients C D and T are used directly and the temperature compensation is skipped Where C C C The C Term Temperature Compensation Coefficients D D The D Term Temperature Compensation Coefficients T T Tg Ty T The T Term Temperature Compensation Coefficients AT The difference between the current Temperature period and the Temperature period at 0 0 C in microseconds And finally the EU pressure value is calculated P C 1 T 2 T 1 D 1 T T Z Z
81. Scanners SD2 Define an OFIUs Setup Parameters SD3 Define an OFIUs Scan List SD4 Manually enter an OFIUs EU Conversion Coefficients SD5 Load or Store OFIU DTC Scanners EEPROM Coefficients or Force an OFIU to treat DTC ESP Scanners as Conventional ESP Scanners or Turn OFIU Temperature Sets Off On or Periodic PC1 Configure a PCU s Pressure Generation Parameters PC2 Define a PCU s Calibration Pressures PC3 Modify a PCU s Internal Coefficients PC4 Change a PCU s Pressure Units PC5 Build a PCU s Internal S100 Table PS1 Configure a PSU or PCU for DAU Operation PS2 Define a PCUs or PSUs DAU Setup Parameters PS3 Modify a PSUs Internal Coefficients PS4 Change a PSUs Pressure Units PNEUMATIC PRESSURE CALIBRATION OPTION COMMANDS CP1 Set Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Valve Mode CP2 Set Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Stabilization Time CP3 Set Post Extra SRQs Per Calibration Point PNEUMATIC PRESSURE CALIBRATION CONTROL COMMANDS CAO Stop Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Generation CA1 Generate Arbitrary Output Pressure CA2 Start Zero Only Pneumatic Pressure Calibration CA3 Start Full Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 67 Host Operation and Programming Continued OUTPUT PNEUMATIC PRESSURE CALIBRATION DATA OPO Clear Tables for Pneumatic Pressure Calibration OP1 Output a Tables Calibration Voltages OP2 Output a Tables Coefficients
82. TC ESP scanners PCU Range Assignments Pressure Scanner Range Suggested PCU Range 10 or 20 H20 1 psi 2 5 5 0 psi 5 psid 23 psia Table 3 1 Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 44 Installation and Setup Continued Pressure Standard Unit PSU A PSU is a single channel high accuracy pressure transducer for measuring Barometric or reference pressure Generally a PSU is a PCU with the pressure generating circuitry removed Refer to the PCU range table above for available full scale ranges PSUs occupy two slots within an RP or LS A single RP or LS can contain up to four 4 PSUs The OSP has no pneumatic interfaces and so cannot contain a PSU ESP Scanner Interfaces miniature Scanner Digitizer Interface mSDI Each mSDI can accommodate up to eight 8 ESP scanners The mSDI receives all the channel address information from the OFIU and returns the digital data to the OFIU via the fiber optic link The top plate of the mSDI incorporates eight 8 connectors for OSCB cables which connect to ESP scanners As many as four 4 mSDIs can be connected to an OSP Power for the mSDI and the connected ESP scanners is provided by a Remote Power supply which can be installed up to three hundred 300 feet away from the mSDI Figure 3 3 mSDI with OSCB Cable and ESP scanner Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 45 Installation and Setup Continued Remote Power Supply RPS An RPS provides
83. Temperature Compensation 6 _ _low Pressure Solaton SSOSCSCSCSCSCSC S 8 Absolute Quartz Bourdon tube Menso C o Differential Quartz Bourdon tube Mensor SSS Table 8 2 The Calibration Document that comes with each PCU and PSU records the values of each coefficient at time of manufacture and or factory calibration Raw Data from PCUs and PSUs Although PCUs and PSUs normally return fully converted and temperature compensated pressure data to the OSP and to the host application it is possible to read raw data from these units as well Increased throughput may be possible but the OSP and or host application must then convert the data into engineering units and adjust it for temperature before it can be used Uploading all of the coefficients and performing the equations locally is possible and some legacy systems do exactly that PCUs and PSUs return raw data as 32 bit long integers Each integer is in big Endian order In some cases the values are the partial sum of several raw A D count values a function of the internal averaging set by the operating parameters In other cases they are the derived average having already been divided by the number of samples Do not presume that every PCU or PSU behaves in the same manner or returns data formatted in the same way Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Page 217 Appendix D Continued Resonant Quartz Within a Resonant Quartz transducer a bellows or b
84. The client shall only disconnect from the OSP server after all data acquisition has been completed Only one TCP IP connection is permitted and attempting to establish a second connection will be rejected by the OSP It is important to remember that should the host disconnect for any reason the system will stop acquiring data and require a new TCP connection and re initialization Because Ethernet packets are limited to approximately 1500 bytes the data packet may be broken into additional packets They will be reassembled by the TCP IP stack of the hosts operating system without requiring any intervention by the application The point to the above statement is that when a TCP IP connection is established the operating system allocates a relatively small amount of buffer space for the receive buffer of the connection If the receive buffer is filled with responses from the OSP the hosts operating system will instruct the OSP to hold off sending any more packets until more buffer space is available Under normal circumstances the host application the application you are writing to control and acquire data from the OSP will read from the receive buffer allowing the operating system to receive more data The buffer space allocated by the operating system as a receive buffer is not to be used as data storage If the OSP is unable to send data to the host for an extended period of time the OSP will assume that the host has become disabled for some
85. Type the second byte of the header indicates the contents or meaning of the packet The second column of the table indicates the meaning and the data type The embedded data begins after the packet header at byte four 4 the fifth byte of the Packet The Response Types Byte one 1 of the Packet Header RespType Data Structure and Format Confirmation 32 bit long integer Single Value 32 bit long integer Table 5 3 The Response type is retrieved from the header using the structure defined earlier as follows Rtype packet header RespType MsgLength The Message Length bytes two 2 and three 3 the third and fourth bytes of the packet header indicate the total length of the packet including the four bytes of the header The Packet Header The first four 4 bytes of every packet Byte 0 Byte 1 RespCode RespType MsgLength MSB MsgLength LSB Table 5 4 The Message length is a short unsigned integer in Big Endian format The Message length is retrieved from the header using the structure defined above and ntohs the network to host order short integer function as follows MsgLen ntohs unsigned short int amp packet header MsgLength Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 183 Appendix A Continued The Packet Payload The Payload the data transmitted by the Optimus begins after the header at the fifth byte of the packet The data is transmitted in one of three structures and one of four data
86. a PS1 and PS2 command allowing it to continuously emit data in a manner similar to that described for the OFIU and ESP scanners When a PCU is configured to operate as a PSU it cannot be used to calibrate ESP scanners nor can it be used to set or control pressures using its control loop and servo valve system For detailed description of the configuration of the PSU refer to the PS1 and PS2 command descriptions in the Programmers Reference section of this manual Appendix C PCU PSU Operation Page 213 Appendix C PCU PSU Operation Page 214 Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Unlike input units that provide raw data only PCUs and PSUs have data conversion equations coefficients and operating parameters stored directly in the unit These are used for Temperature Compensation and Engineering Unit EU data conversion They are stored internally because the corrected EU pressure values are offered directly to the host as a data stream and are also used by the PCU pressure control algorithm It is necessary to periodically calibrate PCUs and PSUs with all operating parameters in place They are then used as secondary pressure standards for calibrating ESP scanners and primary measurements such as Pstatic and Ptotal used to calculate air velocity in wind tunnel applications After a system RESET or Power Cycle the PCU and PSU firmware copies the Pressure Standard coefficients and operating parameters f
87. a Reads a value from a single ESP scanner port and transmits the value to the host application The OFIU must have been initialized having had an SD1 SD2 and SD3 command executed that includes the desired port in the scan list of the Table In addition the Table must have EU coefficients present for the scan list The coefficients can be uploaded using the SD4 command or through execution DTC 6 calibration Valve Cal Position Run Position EE dS Creses SSi Cese __ Cese 4 Tereserved gt SSi of a CA3 calibration command for Conventional scanners or after retrieving the DTC scanner coefficients using an SD5 command The value can be pressure EU for Conventional and DTC ESP scanners or a DTC scanners temperature EU excitation voltage A D converter zero reference voltage or the DTC scanner status word Response Single Value Packet Format LA2 CRS sPort FrCt Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the OFIU is installed within the OSP Range 111 to 114 sPort The three 3 digit number indicating the mSDI connector number and the port number of the scanner to be placed at this Measurement Set index The first digit is the connector number on the mSDI to which the scanner is attached and the Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 160 Host Operation and Programming Continued final two digits are the port of the scanner Ex
88. a previous iteration of this process Xo X X sensor Pressure Effect on Temperature Cin sensor Normalized Temperature Counts Cre sensor Temperature Counts corrected for current pressure Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Page 222 Appendix D Continued Having calculated the pressure corrected temperature counts the corrected pressure coefficients can now be calculated A A A C 7A C 2 A5C SHA Ct B B B C780 B C B Cet C C C Cre tC 6 2 C C HCC D D D Cre tD Cr D Cr HD Crt E E E Cr HE Crt HE Cr HE Crt Note The E group coefficients are used for a 4th order HASS sensor The E group should be set to 0 0 for a 3rd order HASS sensor Where A B C D E sensor Temperature Effect on Pressure coefficients Cre A B C D E sensor Pressure coefficients corrected for Temperature sensor Temperature Counts corrected for current pressure The Engineering Unit pressure can now be calculated P A BC CC DC EC Note The E coefficient is used for a 4th order HASS sensor The E coefficient should be set to 0 0 for a 3rd order HASS sensor Where A B C D E sensor Pressure coefficients corrected for Temperature Con P Engineering Unit output Pressure in psi sensor Normalized Pressure Counts Standards Laboratory correction values are only applied to 4th order HASS sensors They are stored as J group coefficients which must be set to nominal values for 3rd or
89. ach PCU to switch the electronic pressure scanner s calibration valve to the run position Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 52 Installation and Setup Continued Calibration Providing a mechanism for derivation or adjustment of the EU conversion coefficients for the ESP scanners Cal Output one 1 through eight 8 Each PCU is keyed configured at manufacturing time to a specific calibration output PCUs can reside in any slot within a Remote Processor and their output will be routed to the assigned output Note Placing two PCUs having the same pressure range in a single Remote Processor will result in incorrect operation potentially damaging components of the system If two PCUs having the same Full Scale pressure range are required for a given system they may be specially ordered such that their Calibration Output is RP Calibration Port Assignment Port PCU Range Alternate 1 psid 1 psia 15 psia 30 psia 10 psia 15 psid 20 psid 45 psia 65 psia 50 psid 100 psia 100 psid 200 psia 250 psia 300 psia 500 psia 600 psia 750 psia Table 3 2 routed to an alternate output Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 53 Installation and Setup Continued Reference An input for the given PCU the reference pressure of the ESP scanner during calibration of that scanner Cal Ref Input The Cal Reference port is unused in Optimus Do not connect any pneumatic tubing
90. additional details Range 0 to 65000 MSd The Measurement Set Delay the interval between pressure Measurement Sets Note Specifying a value less than or equal to the time required to acquire a pressure Measurement Set will cause this parameter to be ignored Range O to 600000 milliseconds 10 minutes Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 110 Host Operation and Programming Continued TRIG The Trigger Mode specifies the hardware or software event which will trigger the acquisition of data This parameter accepts either the mnemonic or numeric values listed below FREE 0 Free Trigger Data will be acquired according to the nFR FRd nMS MSd parameters Note The following two values for TRIG require a digital signal edge transition to be applied to the Trigger In BNC connector located on the back panel of the RP The ADx command must have been executed prior to the trigger input edge for the trigger to be active ITRIG 1 Trigger the Initial Measurement Set and continue acquiring data as specified by the nFR FRd nMS MSd parameters ATRIG 2 Trigger Every Measurement Set explicitly using the nFR FRd parameters to create the Measurement Sets MSd is irrelevant nMS is still valid Note Impact on System Performance Values FREE 0 ITRIG 1 ATRIG 2 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 111 Host Operation and Programming Continued SCNm The Scan Mo
91. alues ABS 0 Absolute Pressure values will be expected as command parameters and returned as data DIFF 1 Differential Pressure values will be expected as command parameters and returned as data Stol The Set pressure Tolerance for Calibration pressures always specified in psi Setting this parameter too tight will only increase the time to a valid pressure set indication without improving calibration quality Range 0 0001 psi to the recommended value 0 01 of the PCU full scale pressure range maxP The Maximum Pressure a PCU will set always specified in psi Range lt the actual maximum pressure range of the PCU pressure standard For Differential PCUs it is specified as the positive full scale pressure range and the negative complementary capability is assumed For example a 5 psid PCU would be specified as having a MaxP of 5 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 104 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 1 Configure an absolute PCU located in Slot 5 of an RP The instrument will operate in Differential Mode and be designated as LRN 1 for calibrating ESP scanners The PCU is capable of setting pressures up to 30 psia and will use a Set pressure Tolerance of 0 005 psi to qualify its pressure output stability PC1 215 1 DIFF 0 005 30 The PCU located at RP CRS 215 is designated as LRN 1 can set pressures as great as 30 psia The instrument will measure the current bar
92. and 500 psig must be maintained according to ISO 1873 1 A2 B2 C4 Dew Point 40 C minimum Total Oil Aerosol Liquid and vapour 5 mg m3 Maximum number of Particles per m3 1 5 micron 10 0 5 1 micron 1 000 0 1 0 5 micron 100 000 The source pressure must be stable in order to prevent fluctuations that can cause errors during the calibration process The Vacuum and Aux Vacuum inputs connect vacuum sources to all PCUs ranged less than or equal to 100 psig and 100 psia This allows the PCU to set sub atmospheric pressures A vacuum pump must also be connected for the best PCU performance calibrating ESP scanners ranged 10 inches H20 20 inches H20 1 psi and 5 psi This is true even when the ESP scanner will only be calibrated positive relative to atmosphere By convention the vacuum input is used by PCU ranges 100 psia and below and the Aux Vacuum supplies the 5 and 10 psia range PCUs only The Vacuum input should be supplied from a partial vacuum pump with a capacity of 160 liters minute or greater The Aux Vacuum input should be supplied from a high capacity pump capable of maintaining 100 Torr Control Actuation signals used to drive or motivate mechanical components of the system specifically within the ESP scanners C1 Output The 100 125 psig pressure output by each PCU to switch the electronic pressure scanner s calibration valve to the calibrate position C2 Output The 100 125 psig pressure output by e
93. and output 65535 Measurement Sets at the interval specified by Table 3 AD2 3 65535 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 154 Host Operation and Programming Continued Data Output OD4 Output a Tables Measurement Set Size or the available Memory in Bytes The OD4 command outputs the number of bytes required to store one Measurement Set for the specified Table or outputs the current size of available memory in bytes Response Single Value Packet Format OD4 CRS sTBL Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the input unit is installed within the Optimus System chassis The Optimus System Processor CRS is 100 Issuing the OD4 command for the OSP CRS 100 returns the actual size of available memory Any other value requests the size of each measurement set generated by that input unit only Value Any CRS in which an input unit which had acquired and stored data in response to an AD1 command is installed An inclusive range of CRS is not permitted sTBL A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer A single table can encompass multiple input units Range O to 4 Value zero 0 indicates that the data storage space is to be estimated in bytes each instead of Measurement Sets Example Calculate the number of Measurement Sets that can be acquired with the OF
94. anual Theory of Operation Page 24 Theory of Operation Continued The Optimus Boot Process The Optimus in addition to being a chassis containing necessary components is an embedded application residing within non volatile storage on the system processor board Simultaneous to and separate from the Linux boot process the OFIUs boot up determine that an mSDI is attached to their fiber optic interfaces and also whether any ESP DTC scanners are connected to the mSDI If the OFIU determines that ESP DTC scanners are connected to the mSDI it will immediately begin extracting the temperature and pressure correction coefficients from within the DTC Scanner internal memory Once the OFIU has completed this process it will wait for a TCP IP connection from the Optimus application resident on the OSP main circuit board After the Linux kernel has completed the boot process the front panel LED display is configured displaying network link status and rate and whether the Optimus application is operating Optimus searches the internal to the OSP network establishes a TCP IP connection to each of the installed OFIUs and also to the Remote Processor communication server The status of the OFIUs and the RP communication link are indicated on the front panel LED display Optimus is now prepared for a TCP IP connection from a host PC which must configure the Optimus for data acquisition Optimus cannot begin data acquisition autonomously nor will
95. assigned decrementing LRNs Note LRNs must be unique and it should be noted that PCUs can be configured both as PCU and PSU simultaneously When this is desired the same LRN is used in both the PC and PS commands for that Calibrator Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 101 Host Operation and Programming Continued The command descriptions incorporate both the Pressure Calibrate and Pressure Standard version of each command along with examples for each usage The command descriptions below are valid for PCUs having a firmware revision greater than or equal to 2 39 and for PSUs having a firmware revision greater than or equal to 8 19 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 102 Host Operation and Programming Continued PC1 and PS1 Command The PC1 and PS1 command both identify the location of the instrument within the system chassis and also assign a Logical Range Number LRN which for PCUs links the calibrator with a group of ESP scanners to facilitate the scanner calibration process The PC1 command extends the configuration by defining the precision to which the pressure will be controlled the maximum pressure which can be set and whether the values being set and reported will be in Absolute or Differential pressure units PC1 Configure a PCUs Pressure Generation parameters The PC1 command describes each PCU s location operating mode and pressure generation parameters If the PCU
96. attention to the High Pressure supply inputs Incorrect pressure connection can permanently damage the PCUs in the chassis Supply Source and Sink ports the vacuum and positive pressure inputs with which the PCUs create the requested calibration pressures 500 psig Input Connects the user s clean dry high pressure source for PCU ranges greater than 100 PSI Input pressure should be set to 515 5 psig Maximum pressure is 650 psig 49 Bar 100 125 Input Connects the user s supply pressure to the chassis This pressure source should be clean and dry It generates the C1 and C2 control pressures necessary to control the calibration valves It also is the source for generating pressures from the PCUs with ranges 100 psia or less Maximum pressure is 125 psig Vacuum Input Supplies the necessary vacuum input Required when setting sub atmospheric pressures and pressures just above atmosphere less than 5 psid with the PCU A partial vacuum pump with a 160 liters per minute flow capacity such as a Sergeant Welch Scientific Model Number 1402 or equivalent is recommended Aux Vacuum Input Aux Vac is the vacuum input for setting all pressures on the 5 and 10 psia full scale PCUs A1 8 inch port for this input increases the vacuum capacity required by these low range absolute PCUs Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 51 Installation and Setup Continued The Sources for the Supply inputs 100 125 psig
97. aving an Ethernet card and configured with a compatible TCP IP address Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 59 Host Operation and Programming Continued Host Commands Responses To operate the OSP the host sends a series of commands to which the OSP responds with acknowledgments errors and data These commands are simple ASCII strings which may have mixed lower or upper case alphabetic characters Internally the OSP firmware converts lower case alphabetic characters to upper case however it is a good habit to ensure that all commands are converted to upper case before transmission to the OSP Host Command Format Each command begins with an operation code consisting of two alphabetic characters and one numerical character e g AD1 for Acquire Data by method 1 or SD1 for Scanner Digitizer operation code 1 One or more parameters may follow the operation code as required Punctuation is allowed but optional presuming that all command elements are separated by at least one SPACE Numeric parameters may require specific formats including signed integers e g 111 1234 signed fixed point or exponential values e g 66 6 1 2345 3 33E 10 or a range of integers e g 101 132 with the HYPHEN lt gt indicating continuous range inclusive of the terminals A range of values when range entry is permitted is treated as a single parameter There must be no embedded SPACEs on either side of the connecti
98. be done for a number of reasons the most common being a desire to increase system throughput Array Data Response The array data type is used to transmit tabular data calibration coefficients calibration data and configuration information for any of the Input Units present in the system Review the discussion of ESP scanner coefficients in Appendix B for clarification of the manner in which the coefficients are used Note DTC ESP scanner coefficients are returned by the OP3 command as an array of twenty three 23 single precision floating point numbers However when a DTC scanners header and trailer are read some values are single floating point values while others must be interpreted as ASCII strings The DTC scanner Header coefficients begin with six 6 floats and the remaining seventeen 17 coefficients are ASCII strings The collection of strings is concatenated to realize key value pairs Each has a three 3 character keyword followed by an equivalency character and a variable length string value with at least one trailing Space 0x20 Tab Ox09 or NULL 0x00 character The entire trailer is a single ASCII string Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 200 Appendix B ESP scanner EU Pressure Conversion Equations Conventional Coefficients Once the physical connections pneumatic and electrical have been accomplished and the Optimus has been configured and initialized Conventional ESP scanners must be calibrated T
99. ble to perform both DTC and Conventional corrections within the same LRN When operating on DTC ESP scanners which DTC coefficients have been previously uploaded CA3 only adjusts the Group O DTC coefficients Cz and Cs If DTC ESP scanners have not been configured to operate using DTC meaning that their coefficients have not been extracted from the non volatile memory for use they will be treated as and be indistinguishable from Conventional ESP scanners Full DTC scanner accuracy is achieved by using a Full calibration CA3 command Unlike Conventional ESP scanners DTC ESP scanners need not be re calibrated at frequent intervals The DTC algorithm compensates for significant changes in temperature reducing calibration requirements to once per shift Note Although the CA3 command will perform a maximum five 5 point calibration as defined by the PC2 command only the algebraically lowest and highest calibration points are used to adjust the Group O DTC coefficients The CA3 command specifies none or more individual Logical Range Numbers which will be acted upon Each LRN listing identifies a PCU and a group of ESP scanners associated with it Specifying LRN O or not specifying an LRN will imply that all configured LRNs are to perform a Full Calibration A maximum of seven 7 LRNs may be specified in the CA3 Note All PCUs physically installed within expansion chassis must have been initialized by a PC1 command regardless of whether
100. ction terms zero 0 and one 1 respectively to these memory locations Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 90 Host Operation and Programming Continued Enable Disable or Change the period of DTC Temperature Data acquisition The second most common use for the SD5 command is used to Enable Disable or change the interval of acquisition of a Temperature Data Set during Pressure Data Acquisition When an OFIU is configured and DTC ESP scanners are detected the default Temperature Data rate is identical to the specified Pressure Data rate This ensures that a fresh temperature value is acquired for each pressure value allowing continuous compensation for changes in temperature The Pressure and Temperature data sets are acquired in the OFIU concurrently interleaved temperature for a port and then pressure for the same port This default rate will not permit full throughput and is not required to achieve the stated system accuracy The ratio of temperature data sets to pressure data sets can safely be reduced such that temperature is refreshed once a minute or even longer if the temperature of the DTC ESP scanner is stabile Once a ratio of temperature to pressure data is set it will remain until it is explicitly changed either through issuing a new SD5 command or by a power cycle or reset of the Optimus The temperature compensation coefficients are updated every time a new temperature data point is acquired In so
101. d Response Confirmation Error Packet Format PC4 CRS Unx Fctr Prec UnStr Or PC4 LRN Unx Fctr Prec UnStr And PS4 CRS Unx Fctr Prec UnStr Or PS4 LRN Unx Fctr Prec UnStr Where CRS Cluster Rack Slot A numeric representation of the physical location of a PCU or OFIU within the Optimus System chassis Range Dependent on the Chassis in which the PCU is installed Typical values are 211 213 215 and 217 for an RP Unx The Units index from an available table of standard pressure units and one user defined unit entry Two 2 unique user defined units can be specified unx O or 13 in table After being fully defined with the parameters Fctr Prec and UnStr they may be assigned to any PCU or PSU Fctr Specifies a conversion factor units multiplier that can replace the default factor in the Units Table Fctr is always positive Value A floating point number in fixed Scientific or Engineering format Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 117 Host Operation and Programming Continued Prec Specifies the precision of the units A default precision will be chosen if not specified for the pre defined units Precision must be specified for user defined units O and 13 A negative value of Prec is ignored Range O to 9 UnStr Specifies a quoted alphanumeric units descriptor string suitable for displaying user defined data per Fctr T
102. d to retrieve the twenty 20 following HASS coefficients A through A Indices four 4 through eight 8 B through B Indices nine 9 through thirteen 13 C through C Indices fourteen 14 through eighteen 18 D through D Indices thirty two 32 through thirty six 36 Apply the corrections to the coefficients Add the offset adjustment to HASS coefficient AO A A Cal Multiply the remaining coefficients by the Span Adjustment Coef Coef x1 Cal Write the HASS coefficients back to their respective memory locations using the PC3 command Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 237 Appendix E Continued HASS Fourth Order correction Use the true pressure and measured pressure values to derive a first order fit for the data P Cal X Cal Where Cal The Offset Term Cal The Span Term Referencing the table in Appendix D use the OP6 command to retrieve the three 3 following HASS coefficients J through J Indices fifty four 54 through fifty six 56 Note J2 and J3 indices fifty five 55 and fifty six 56 are set to zero 0 and are reserved for future expansion Apply the correction to the coefficients Add the Product of the Offset and Span adjustments to the JO term Jo Cal Cal x1 Cal Multiply the J1 term by the Span adjustment J 1 Cal x Write the HASS coefficients back to their respective memory locations using the PC3 command App
103. de and will be calibrated by the PCU designated as LRN 4 The scanners attached to connectors 5 and 6 have 32 pressure ports each and will be calibrated by the PCU designated as LRN 1 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 76 Host Operation and Programming Continued SD2 Define an OFIUs Table Parameters This command defines data acquisition Tables profiles which set the Number of Frame samples averaged to derive a Measurement Set the Frame Delay interval between those Frame samples the Number of Measurement Sets that will be acquired the Measurement Set Delay interval between each Measurement Set the Scanning Mode in which the scanner channels are sampled and the Format in which the data will be transmitted Up to three 3 independent Tables may be set for each OFIU However only one of the three tables can be actively controlling data acquisition at any one time Response Confirmation Error Packet Format SD2 CRS sTBL nFR nFRez FRd aMS MSd TRIG SCNm OCf Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the OFIU is installed within the OSP Range 111 to 114 sTBL A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer A single table can encompass multiple OFIUs Range 1 to 4 The following six parameters isolated by parenthesis in the template above are unique pairs and are not rep
104. de specifies the method by which measurement sets are acquired or selected for return to the OSP This parameter accepts the numeric values listed below O Unsynchronized Scan Mode returns measurement sets at the MSd parameter specified interval even if the PCU or PSU has not had sufficient time to update the current value from the pressure standard If the value is stale not new the time stamp will not have been updated This mode may return the first measurement set from the current value table which will be no older than one data acquisition cycle prior to execution of the ADx command An over scale value will be returned if data acquisition is started before the PCU or PSU can fill its current value table 1 Synchronized Scan Mode returns only unique new scans at the specified rate In this mode the unit will only start each scan after the specified Measurement Set delay has expired If the MSd parameter specifies less time than is required to obtain a fresh pressure value Measurement Sets will be delivered at a slower rate the fastest possible The time stamps of adjacent unique measurement sets will always be unique OCf The Output and Conversion Format for all measurement set data returned to the host The allowed entries are 1 Raw Data Format returns raw data in each measurement set as an array of unsigned 4 byte long integers Uncompensated PCUs and PSUs return one 1 long integer the pressure raw counts Temp
105. dels reducing the cabling that crosses the force balance An OFIU interfaces with one 1 mSDI and a minimum of one 1 OFIU is required for system operation A maximum of four 4 OFIU slots are available inside an OSP The OFIU fiber optic output is fed through the back panel of the OSP via industry standard ST fiber optic feed throughs OFIUs may be installed at time of order and can also be ordered separately and installed on site as needed Optimus Fiber optic Interface Unit miniature Scanner Digitizer Interface Figure 1 3 OFIU and mSDI The miniature Scanner Digitizer Interface The mSDI is the connection point for the cables leading to the pressure scanners The mSDI provides power to the ESP scanners performs excitation feedback measurement and performs analog to digital A D conversion at high data rates The small size and low power dissipation of the mSDI makes it ideal for mounting inside windtunnel models The cross sectional area matches the ESP 64HD scanner allowing the mSDI to be placed in line with the pressure scanners for maximum channel density Figure 1 4 mSDI with Scanner and OSCB attached and also RPS via power cable Optimus User Manual Introduction Page 14 Introduction Continued Data transport from the mSDI to the OFIU is via fiber optic cable terminated with industry standard ST connectors Power is provided by a RPS and in turn is distributed to the pressure scanners attached to t
106. dentified as Logical Range LRN one 1 The ESP scanner attached to connector number two 2 of the mSDI associated with the OFIU at system chassis location CRS 111 has 32 pressure ports and is to be calibrated by the PCU identified as Logical Range LRN one 1 The parameters of this SD1 command explicitly state that there are two ESP scanners that they have 32 pressure ports each and that they are attached to connectors numbered one 1 and two 2 on the mSDI It also implies that both ESP scanners have a full scale pressure range that is if not identical certainly compatible because they are both assigned to use the same Pressure Calibrate Unit LRN one 1 After issuing the SD1 command the acquisition profile of this Table is set using the SD command The SD command applies to a single OFIU and its mSDI at a specific location within the system chassis specified by the CRS Cluster Rack and Slot number The ESP scanners are not indicated in this command Only the collection parameters for a single Table of this OFIU are set including the number of Frames that will be averaged to generate a Measurement Set the total number of Measurement Sets to be transmitted the rate at which Measurement Sets will be delivered and the Trigger event that will drive acquisition of the Measurement Sets Figure 2 6 Two ESP scanners connected to mSDI connectors 1 and 2 Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page
107. der HASS sensors P J J P P Note For 3rd order HASS sensors the values of the J group coefficients are set to J 0 J 1 J 0 Where P sensor Temperature Corrected Pressure value J sensor Standards Laboratory Correction coefficients P sensor Engineering Unit Pressure Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Page 223 Appendix D Continued The sensor pressure C temperature C excitation C A D converter offset C can be read in real time using the LAS command as can some of the intermediate calculated values All values required for calibration and verification of the PCU or PSU performance are accessible through the LA3 command Periodic calibration is recommended to check and potentially adjust PCU or PSU offset and span Temperature correction coefficients do not require adjustment and are valid for the life of the sensor Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Page 224 Appendix D Continued Temperature Compensated Quartz Bourdon Tube Standard For Quartz Bourdon Tube PCUs and PSUs the applied pressure is calculated from the following simple equations Temperature compensation is performed electronically internal to the Bourdon Tube sensor and not mathematically 2 P C BC AC Where C sensor Pressure Counts P sensor Pressure in psi Quartz Bourdon units have no useful dynamic data Raw data Cp must be obtained with Feature 4 of the LA3 command since a copy of it is
108. dition the user application must continuously maintain the TCP IP socket connection to Optimus until such time as it is no longer required to acquire and transmit data Though there are a wide range of functional parameters available which may be manipulated to control the acquisition process in fine detail a reasonable acquisition profile can be quickly established using a subset of the commands listed in later sections of this manual Note A data acquisition profile a Table must be explicitly defined immediately after a TCP IP connection is established Default values for functional parameters are the exception and profiles are not stored across re boots or between TCP IP connections Configuration of Optimus for a data acquisition profile a Table is accomplished by defining the following 1 The number of ESP scanners connected to the system 2 The number of Ports contained within each ESP scanner 3 The OFIU and mSDI to which each ESP scanner is connected 4 The channel connector on the mSDI to which each ESP scanner is connected 5 The number of samples Frames which will be averaged to derive each Measurement Set 6 The Rate at which the Frames will be acquired 7 The Rate at which the Measurement Sets will be transmitted by the System to the host application 8 The number of Measurement Sets that will be transmitted 9 The number of total ESP scanner ports that will be included in the Measurement Sets transm
109. ducer PCUs and PSUs Range 1 to 33 for Quartz or Bourdon tube transducer PCUs and PSUs Refer to the PCU and PSU coefficient table in Appendix D The actual number of coefficients and the functions which use those coefficients varies according to the transducer type Refer to the Calibration Document supplied with your PCU or PSU to identify your unit Nev The New coefficient value for the term selected above Range Floating Point may be entered in fixed point or exponential notation Important PCU and PSU internal coefficients have been store after calibration at the factory Use the OP6 Command to read the current values of these coefficients This command writes to non volatile memory without confirmation Example 1 Set term 2 of the PCU located in slot 3 of an RP to a new value of 12 3456789 PC3 213 2 12 3456789 Example 2 Set term 2 of the PSU located in slot 3 of an RP to a new value of 12 3456789 PS3 213 2 12 3456789 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 115 Host Operation and Programming Continued PC4 and PS4 Commands Change PCU s or PSU s Pressure Units This command specifies the engineering units to which all pressure values will be converted PSI pressure units Pounds per Square Inch are the system default and will be used unless the system configuration is changed using this command Important The PC2 command must specify its Cal Points in the units se
110. e complete pneumatic electrical and communications interface for these input units Up to four 4 input units can be mounted within one expansion chassis All pneumatic connections are routed through a pneumatic backplane within the chassis allowing convenient and automatic pressure connection from the units input and output ports through to the pressure scanners An RP contains its own AC power supply and communicates to the OSP via a serial RS 485 cable Up to three RP s can be connected to one OSP for a total capacity of 12 PCUs and or PSUs An LS can be connected to an RP expanding the number of PCUs supported by the system An LS receives power from the RP communicates through the RP and must be located in close proximity to the RP These chassis may be sited near the OSP or remotely near the pressure scanners Locating the RP and LS chassis closer to the pressure scanners reduces the length of the pressure calibration and control lines which can improve calibration speed due to reduced volume within the pneumatics Users with existing 8400 Systems considering upgrading to Optimus can use properly operating RP and LS without modification Although the 8400 System is being phased out these chassis were expected to be a part of the Optimus Data System It is recommended that the chassis be serviced and verified to be leak free to ensure that performance goals are achieved Figure 1 7 Remote Processor and Local Slave Optimus
111. e Engineering Unit and Compensation Set Format returns Pressure Temperature and the Compensation Measurement Sets generated by the OFIU The Measurement Sets are arrays of 32 bit IEEE 754 floating point values in Big Endian order The data structure is indicated by the Response Type value embedded within the data packet The values have been processed and are the result of Frame Averaging specified in the nFR parameter OFIUs operating in Full OFIU Mode acquire Excitation Zero offset and Temperature sets from DTC ESP scanners The Excitation and Zero Offset Ez Set data is transmitted to the host immediately after a data acquisition command is received followed by a Temperature Temp Set data and then the Pressure Press Set The Optimus then continues acquiring and emitting Press Set and Temp Set data according to the nFR nMS and MSd parameters Temp Set data is in C by default and the Ez Set data is in Volts Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 81 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 1 Configure Table 1 for the OFIU at OSP CRS 111 to acquire Measurement Sets continuously at 10 Hz each Measurement Set being the average of 10 Frames with the Format of the Measurement Set being an array of IEEE floating point values The internal timer will be used to trigger each Measurement set Only the Pressure data in Engineering Units are to be transmitted No Compensation sets will be returned to the host
112. e OSP connector J2 and the other to Remote Processor connector J10 Connect an Ethernet cable between the Ethernet Switch and connector J1 of the OSP Remote Power Supply Inspect the RPS examining the indicators connectors and buttons Note that the unit is powered off and do not connect the mains power Locate the RPS to mSDI power cable and inspect both ends The power cable is not polarized and may be connected in either orientation Attach one end to the RPS output and the other end of the cable to the mSDI Carefully tighten the connector mounting screws do not over tighten Miniature Scanner Digitizer Interface and DTC ESP scanners Remove the DTC ESP scanners from their protective enclosures placing them next to the mSDI on the work bench Remove the protective covers from the first two connectors on the mSDI placing them in a container or protective bag for re use Locate the two 2 OSCB cables and remove the protective covers from the end connectors again retaining them for re use Attach the OSCB cables between the mSDI and ESP scanners For this exercise the selection of one scanner versus another is irrelevant Carefully tighten the connector retaining screws to both the mSDI and the ESP scanners Ensure that the connector is tightened evenly and gently Do not over tighten Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 57 Installation and Setup Continued ESP Scanner Pneumatic connections Note Mark all
113. e Range Absolute PCU Figure 7 3 Pneumatics of a Low Pressure Range Absolute PCU The Normal Operation of a PSU Optimus User Manual Table of Contents Page vii of viii 182 183 183 184 185 185 185 187 187 187 190 193 193 194 197 199 199 199 200 200 201 201 201 202 205 207 207 209 212 212 213 213 Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Table 8 1 PCU and PSU EU Coefficients Raw Data from PCUs and PSUs Table 8 2 PCU and PSU Primary Standard Type Resonant Quartz HASS Temperature Compensated Quartz Bourdon Tube Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Specifications and Limits Materials and Equipment Procedure Application Development HASS Third Order Correction HASS Fourth Order Correction Mensor Non Temperature Compensated Quartz Temperature Compensated Quartz Appendix F System Error Codes Appendix G System Drawings Figure 11 1 RPS to mSDI Power Cable Type A Figure 11 2 RPS to mSDI Power Cable Type B Figure 11 3 RP to LS Power Cable Figure 11 4 OSP to RP Communication Cable Figure 11 5 mSDI to ESP scanner the OSCB Cable Figure 11 6 84sa External Valve Control assembly Appendix H User Manual Revision History Appendix Y CE Compliance Appendix Z Open Source Licences Optimus User Manual Table of Contents Page viii of viii 215 215 216 217 217 218 221 225 227 227 227 229 230 234 237 238 239 240 241 243 243 247 247 247 247 248 248 249 249 25
114. e temperature of the pressure standard limited to 0 1 C over the period of the calibration The temperature of the pressure standard is accessible using the LA3 command with Feature 20 Acquire Data Commands Used LA3 Data acquisition during calibration is accomplished using the LA3 command A minimum of ten 10 measurements is required at each calibration data point Calculate the arithmetic Mean and the Standard Deviation of the Error for the ten 10 values The Standard Deviation must not exceed 0 0003 for quartz vibrating beam standards or 0 003 for HASS and Mensor standards LAS Feature HASS uses LAS Feature 1 units PSI Temperature Compensated Quartz uses LAS Feature 1 units PSI Un Compensated Quartz uses LA3 Feature 2 units Counts Mensor uses LA3 Feature 2 units Counts Acquire one temperature reading using the LA3 command Feature 20 at each pressure point to verify that the standard temperature does not change by more than 0 01 C per minute and 0 1 C over the calibration duration Note If a data point continually exceeds either the Standard Deviation limit or Temperature rate of change limit stop the calibration and determine the root cause of the issue Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 235 Appendix E Continued Process and Evaluate Data The absolute error at each calibration point is evaluated relative to the accuracy and drift sp
115. e the recorded calibration pressure values from the PCUs located at RP CRS locations 211 and 213 These PCUs had been assigned to LRNs 1 and 2 by their PC1 commands Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 146 Host Operation and Programming Continued OP5 Output the Scan List of a Table The OP5 command returns an array the scan list of the Table in the order defined in the SD3 command for the Table The values are three digit scanner and port sPort designations one for every port in the scan list The OFIU mSDI perform an initial survey of each connector to determine the presence or absence of DTC ESP scanners If a DTC scanner is identified the coefficients are retrieved and loaded into memory as Table 5 This operation occurs prior to a TCP connection initiated by the host application This is a significant departure from legacy systems permitting a degree of automatic configuration previously unavailable to the application designer When establishing a TCP connection with the system the application can request the scan list of Table 5 without any knowledge of the connected population of scanners From the array of sPort numbers provided the application can determine the number of ports per scanner and the location on the mSDI Using the mSDI connector information the application can then use the SD5 and OP3 commands to retrieve the DTC scanner headers The headers contain not only the Serial Number and Model nu
116. e tubing and connections are correctly assigned and attached Computer Install the test and validation software on the computer Attach an Ethernet cable between the computer and the Ethernet switch Configure the software and computer per the software documentation Power On Plug the mains cords into the AC outlet and turn on the Optimus System components in the following order 1 Remote processor 2 Remote Power Supply 3 Optimus System Processor Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 58 Host Operation and Programming Programmer s Introduction Once the Optimus System is installed and power is applied it is ready to operate under host computer control This chapter deals only with control by the host computer hereafter referred to simply as the host While reading this chapter you should memorize any words shown in bold These words are important terminology needed to utilize the Optimus System effectively as a programmer Commands are simple ASCII strings that begin with a three 3 character operation code followed by simple numeric or word parameters delimited by spaces In order to make our discussion of commands more concise there are several conventions used 1 Items like the operation code are capitalized meaning that you should enter them exactly as shown 2 Parameters are shown as abbreviations a For example the commonly used input unit address Cluster Rack Slot is abbreviat
117. e used for all scanner types though they are most applicable to Conventional ESP scanners Response Confirmation Error Packet Format SD3 CRS sTBL sPort sPort Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the OFIU is installed within the OSP Range 111 to 114 sTBL A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer A single table can encompass multiple OFIUs Range 1 to 4 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 83 Host Operation and Programming Continued sPort The three 3 digit number indicating the mSDI connector number and the port number of the scanner to be placed at this Measurement Set index The first digit is the connector number on the mSDI to which the scanner is attached and the final two digits are the port of the scanner Ex 101 is Scanner 1 port 01 The SD3 command permits entry of an implicit range of ESP scanners and their ports as well as an arbitrary list of individual ports from a group of ESP scanners Ex 101 132 is the inclusive range of scanner one 1 port one 01 through scanner one 1 port thirty two 32 and 101 832 is the inclusive range of scanner one 1 port one 01 through scanner eight 8 port thirty two 32 implicitly including all channels of the intervening six 6 scanners that may be defined in the SD1 command The sPort pa
118. eated in the manner of the SD1 scanner definition The use of parentheses in the Format is only to illustrate the pairing of these parameters Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 77 Host Operation and Programming Continued nFR nFRez The Number of Frames which dictates the number of frames averaged to derive a Temp Set and Press Set The optional nFRez modifier may be included which applies in the same manner to OFIU Ez Sets A value of one 1 specifies that no frame averaging will be performed Larger values result in that number of frames being summed within the OFIU and then transmitted to the OSP The summed frames will be divided by nFR and or nFRez inside the OSP or host prior to the application of EU coefficients Range 1 to 127 Nfrez Default Value 64 FRd The Frame Delay interval between the beginning of scanned frames A value of zero 0 specifies no delay between This parameter is ignored if the value of nFR one 1 Range O to 65000 microseconds nMS The Number of pressure Measurement Sets to be acquired when the Optimus is commanded to acquire data The Measurement Sets are acquired and emitted to the host at Measurement Set Delay intervals A value of zero 0 specifies that the OFIU will acquire data continuously without bounds when triggered until explicitly commanded to stop acquiring data A non zero value specifies that number n Measurement Sets will be acqui
119. eated or configured as one or more contiguous ranges that include all scanners and pressure ports which coefficients are to be included in the output array If any of the specified scanner ports are not in the scan list an error will be declared and no array data will be returned Example 1 Retrieve the Conventional or DTC Final Pressure Equation Coefficients calculated during the most recent calibration of scanner number one 1 ports one 1 through eight 8 listed in Table two 2 for the OFIU located at OSP CRS 112 OP3 112 2 101 108 Return the calibration Coefficients calculated for ports one 1 through eight 8 of the Conventional or DTC ESP scanner attached to connector one 1 of the OFIU and mSDI at OSP location CRS 112 that are listed in Table two 2 Example 2 Retrieve all of the factory DTC coefficients from scanner number one 1 ports one 1 through eight 8 listed in Table two 2 for the OFIU located at OSP CRS 112 OP3 112 2 101 108 Return the DTC factory calibration coefficients for ports one 1 through eight 8 of the DTC ESP scanner attached to connector one 1 of the OFIU and mSDI at OSP location CRS 112 that are listed in Table two 2 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 142 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 3 Retrieve all of the factory DTC coefficients calculated during the most recent calibration for all DTC ports listed in Table
120. ecifications for the instrument If the initial evaluation finds that the instrument is in tolerance new coefficients are calculated that correct the instrument to the calibration laboratory standard Evaluate the initial As Found condition of the instrument Reference the data sheet for the accuracy and stability specifications for the unit For every calibration data point calculate the difference of the instruments Indicated Pressure and the Calibration Laboratory Standards True Pressure The absolute value of that error must be less than or equal to the accuracy limit summed with the product of the stability limit and the number of stability intervals since the last adjustment P cas The Pressure Measured by the instrument under test P ue The Pressure Measured by the Laboratory Pressure Standard A The Accuracy limit S The Stability limit N The number of Stability Intervals since last adjustment Tol The Tolerance limit As Found Tol A S XN Tol gt P meas tne Perform a regression of the data to derive the coefficients as described below Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 236 Appendix E Continued HASS Third order correction Use the true pressure and measured pressure values to derive a first order fit for the data P Cal X Cal Where Cal The Offset Term Cal The Span Term Referencing the table in Appendix D use the OP6 comman
121. ed according to their function which can be found in Appendix C the PCU and PSU operation description Feature zero 0 operates only on PCUs with Firmware version 2 39 and later and for PSUs with firmware version 8 19 and later The LA3 command reads the current PCU valve state as an integer value bitmap The CVO and LA3 commands can be used in combination to permit fine grained analysis of the PCUs health Automated Leak testing of the system calibration lines and chassis is also possible WARNING This command sets the electric current in the valve solenoid coils OFF and ON The valves in Appendix C are illustrated in their Default state with the coils DE ENERGIZED which may be OPEN or CLOSED pneumatically Take care when developing software which controls these valves Catastrophic damage can occur to Instrumentation if inappropriate commands are sent Response Confirmation Error Packet Format CVO CRS Valve State Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the PCU or PSU is installed within an RP chassis Range 211 to 217 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 165 Host Operation and Programming Continued Valve The Valve Number When not specified the valves are set to the default state illustrated in Appendix C When specified valve number identifies an internal solenoid valves K1 K9 Negative valve numbers 1 and 2 control externally linked
122. ed CRS in a command description i These parameters are place holders meant to be replaced with actual values b Optional parameters are enclosed in square brackets i E g sPort c Repeatable parameters are followed by an ellipsis L Be oes 3 Single isolated ASCII characters are referred to directly by their long names e g COMMA or SEMICOLON or by their actual keyboard key label enclosed within angular brackets e g lt gt for COMMA or lt gt for SEMICOLON a Notice that extra spaces separate the label from the brackets to make the label more readable When not isolated as when they are part of a longer string these same characters will not be surrounded by angular brackets 4 If an ASCII character is unprintable or has a symbolic label not easily shown within normal text it is shown using standard ASCII character set abbreviations enclosed within angular brackets e g lt SP gt for SPACE which is ASCII code 0x20 or lt NUL gt for NULL which is ASCII code 0x00 a Such symbols are always capitalized and are not surrounded by blanks You are expected to enter only that one character not the brackets or the letters inside when you see this construct The ENTER key typically generates a Carriage Return ASCII code OxOD and will be indicated as lt CR gt The Optimus System Processor hereafter referred to as the OSP may be accessed from any host h
123. ed to host Endian order Unsigned short int nVals ntohs unsigned short int amp strmpkt nVals long dataArray nVals Unsigned int loopctl Idx strmpkt data For loopctl 0 loopctl loopctl lt nVals dataArray loopctl signed long ntohl unsigned long tmp idx 4 The IEEE 754 values are the result of a conversion of the RAW A D values either into volts using the analog bit weight of the A D converter or Engineering Units using the current EU pressure coefficients The values are complete and presuming ideal installation and sufficient averaging are accurate to within the system specification The IEEE 754 floating point values from a code standpoint are simply a modification of the RAW four 4 byte data This is an array of single precision floating point values the length of the array being the value of short integer conversion of the parameter strmpkt nVals Unsigned short int nVals ntohs unsigned short int amp strmpkt nVals Single dataArray nVals Unsigned int loopctl Idx strmpkt data For loopctl 0 loopctl loopctl lt nVals dataArray loopctl single ntohl unsigned long tmp idx 4 Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 192 Appendix A Continued Two Dimension Array of Values A two dimensional array of values is returned in two 2 of the Response Types 1 Ox20 the Array Data long integer values 2 Ox21 the Array Data I
124. eeded to decode the stream data Unsigned short int nVals ntohs unsigned short int amp strmpkt nVals Short unsigned int dataArray nVals long dataArray nVals Single dataArray nVals The data format is indicated by the Response type value in the Packet header and the number of values indices in the data array is indicated by the nVals data element of the Stream Data header structure With that information the data element of the Stream Data header structure can be processed to extract the stream data values Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 189 Appendix A Continued The Measurement Set Data The RAW values are A D converter values which are the result of an ADx Acquire Data command issued for a Table that is configured for raw data This format is set by the output conversion format parameter of the SD2 command and also the OD9 Stream Data output format command The three RAW formats are The RAW two 2 byte short integer format contains an array of unsigned short integers Each value is an un averaged unsigned A D measurement The short integers contained within the array must be converted to the host Endian format OxFFFF positive full scale Ox7FFF Zero and Ox0000 negative full scale Unsigned short int nVals ntohs unsigned short int amp strmpkt nVals Short unsigned int dataArray nVals Unsigned int loopctl Char idx Idx strmpkt data For loopctl 0 loopctl
125. emperature voltage Tc is now calculated as a function of the Normalized Pressure voltage Pn using Temperature Coefficients q r and s T q trP sP Note Tc is only calculated for one of two events At the start of a stream of data immediately after an Excitation and Zero data point is acquired and when a new temperature voltage Measurement Set is acquired Temperature Voltage Measurement Sets are acquired at intervals while a stream of data is being acquired The interval between Temperature Measurements is controlled by the SD5 command and is configured to acquire one Temperature Measurement Set for each Pressure Measurement Set by default Now the Pressure Coefficients a b c and d are calculated using the Corrected Temperature Voltage Tc a A A T A T2 A T 3 b B B T B T2 B T 3 c C C T d D D T Note Since Tc is only calculated when a new Temperature Measurement Set is acquired the coefficients a b c and d are also not re calculated until a there is a new value for Tc The Engineering Unit values for Pressure can now be calculated using the Normalized Pressure Voltage as well as the EU Correction coefficients Cz and Cs P C C at bP cP dP 3 The Equation above can be rearranged using the Distributive Property to more closely resemble the Conventional ESP scanner equation C C a C C C b C C c C C dd C 0 P C C P C Pa C P C P This equation can be factored for more effici
126. en performed Conventional ESP scanners will not have coefficients available DTC ESP scanners which have had their coefficients extracted from non volatile memory using the SD5 command will have the nominal coefficients only until after a CA2 or CA3 calibration The pressure values will be an array of IEEE Floating point numbers having two 2 dimensions nPCUs by nPressureValues Response Array Data Packet Format OP4 CRS CRS Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the PCU is installed within the RP Range The CRS in which the PCU is installed PCUs occupy two 2 slots within an Optimus Expansion Chassis such as an RP and are always installed in the ODD numbered slots 1 3 5 or 7 Important This command does not accept an inclusive implied list of CRS One cannot indicate the first CRS in a chassis followed by a hyphen and the last CRS in a chassis to read the calibration pressure values for all PCUs Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 145 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example After executing a CA3 calibration for LRNs 1 and 2 retrieve the actual pressure values set by the PCUs that were used to derive the calibration coefficients PCUs are designated as being used for specific LRNs in their respective PC1 commands The PCU for LRN 1 is located at RP CRS 211 and the PCU for LRN 2 is located at RP CRS 213 OP4 211 213 Retriev
127. endix A Value 0 OFIUs Value 30 PCUs or PSUs Value Blank ALL input unit types Example Execute the Initialization commands in operating memory for all OFIUs SP3 10 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 177 Host Operation and Programming Continued SP5 Set the system Date and Time The SP5 command sets the system date and time within the real time clock Note a system reset is required after executing this command Response Confirmation Error Packet Format SP5 Month Day Year hour minute sec Where Month The Month of the year as a two digit numeral Range 01 12 Day The Day of the Month as a two digit numeral Range 01 31 The internal clock parser will check for correctness Year The Year as a four digit numeral Range As appropriate Hour The current hour in 24 hour format Range 00 to 23 Minute The current minute Range 00 to 59 Second The current second Range 00 to 59 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 178 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 1 Set the system clock to Nov 10th 2014 13 34 00 SP5 11 10 2014 13 34 Lda e Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 179 Host Operation and Programming Continued Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 180 Appendix A Host Response Formats Chapter 4 of this manual described the function of each OSP
128. endix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 238 Appendix E Continued Mensor Use the true pressure and A D Counts values to derive a second order fit for the data P X Cal XCal Cal Where Cal The C Term Cal The B Term Cal The A Term Referencing the table in Appendix D use the OP6 command to retrieve the three 3 following Mensor coefficients A B and C Indices one 1 through three 3 Write the Mensor coefficients back to their respective memory locations using the PC3 command Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 239 Appendix E Continued Non Temperature Compensated Quartz Use the true pressure and the inverse resonator period values to derive a second order fit for the data P X Cal XCal Cal Where Cal The Offset Term Cal The Span Term Cal The Squared Term Calculate an initial value for the intercept T T Prmin Tmin AP AT Ap AT Where Pin Min TruePressure Tmin Min Tau Ap Max TruePressure Min TruePressure At Max Tau Min Tau Calculate the two solutions t and t for the quadratic equation below using coefficients Cal Cal and Cal Select t or t as the true value for t based on the minimum absolute value of the differences T 1 T T T Cal V Cal 4Cal Cal 2Cal If z 1 1 lt It 1 then 1 else 1 1 Calculate Beta and Alpha using Tau and the Coefficients Cal2 CalO B Cal
129. ent processing as follows P C P C3 P C P C P a Co Appendix B ESP scanner EU Pressure Conversion Equations Page 204 Appendix B Continued Although the arrangement provides correct results there is a single difference that can cause difficulties when operating on DTC and Conventional scanner data in the same function The final coefficient C is not used in the DTC calculation in this case the inner C P term is set to zero and skipped However the Optimus will return a non zero C value in response to an OP3 command issued for DTC scanners This is due to storage of the DTC Units Multiplier the EU Conversion Factor in the memory location of the C4 coefficient for DTC scanners That factor is applied when the output units are changed using the PC4 command For DTC scanners only if the C coefficient is not equal to 1 and not equal to zero the value is applied as a unit s conversion factor P PC DTC scanner port EU temperature The final operation though not required or relevant for the calculation of DTC Pressure data is offered as a convenience The Corrected Temperature voltage T can be used to derive the EU temperature of the individual scanner sensors This operation is performed using the Group 8 coefficients T T and T T T T T T T Calibrating DTC ESP scanners Although the factory DTC coefficients do not require periodic update ESP scanners are subject to the rigors of use Physical dama
130. ents of the Array Data header structure can be processed to extract the array data values The Array Data The long integer format contains an array of signed 32 bit values Each value has been complemented before promotion to a long Therefore the values are in the range 0x00007FFF positive full scale to OxFFFF8000 negative full scale In signed long integer 32767 to 32768 The values must be converted to host Endian order Unsigned short int nRows ntohs unsigned short int amp arypkt nRows Unsigned short int nCols ntohs unsigned short int amp arypkt nCols long dataArray nRows nCols Unsigned int rowctl colctl Idx arypkt data For rowctl 0 rowctl rowctl lt nRows For colctl 0 colctl colctl lt nCols dataArray rowctl colctl signed long ntohl unsigned long Idx idx 4 Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 194 Appendix A Continued The IEEE 754 values are the result of a conversion of the long integer values either into volts using the analog bit weight of the A D converter or Engineering Units using the current EU pressure coefficients The values are complete and presuming ideal installation and sufficient averaging are accurate to within the system specification The IEEE 754 floating point values from a code standpoint are simply a modification of the RAW four 4 byte data This is an array of single precision floating point values t
131. ents which compensate their data over both pressure and temperature only requiring an offset calibration using the CA2 command in order to achieve accuracy equivalent to the Conventional scanners In this section the full calibration process will be described in order to further illustrate the operation of the Optimus System Description of the ESP scanner coefficients may be found in Appendix B Calibrations are requested for Logical Ranges groups of ESP scanners associated with a single PCU One calibration command either a CA or a CA3 can operate on multiple Logical Ranges simultaneously All Tables must be completely defined having completed execution of an SD1 SD2 SD3 PCI and PC2 commands before a Calibration command will execute Definitions LRN Logical Range Number an arbitrary number value ranged from one 1 to twelve 12 used to associate an ESP scanner with a PCU Pressure Calibrate Unit in support of calibration of the ESP scanners The form of the CA3 command from the Programmers Reference chapter of this User Manual is CA3 LRN Where LRN A list of the Logical Ranges to be calibrated Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 36 Theory of Operation Continued For example continuing the earlier system configuration two ESP scanners are attached to an mSDI and an RP is connected to the OSP with a PCU installed in the first s
132. erature compensated Quartz PCUs and PSUs return two 2 long integers pressure raw counts and temperature raw counts Temperature compensated HASS PCUs and PSUs return four 4 integers pressure raw counts temperature raw counts reference raw counts and zero raw counts The equations used to convert the raw data into engineering units are described in Appendix P and the PCU and PSU Calibration instructions 2 EU Data Format returns one 1 32 bit IEEE 754 floating point value in Big Endian order The Engineering Units default to PSI Other units can be specified using the PS4 command Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 112 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 1 When DA Setup Table 1 is used to control the DA process the PSU or PCU located in Slot 7 and 8 will return unique barometer readings continuously every 1 second in EU pressure format These measurement sets acquired in the Synchronized mode will be placed into the overall data acquisition stream along with the measurement sets of other units also contributing to DA Setup Table 1 Configure Table 1 for the PSU at RP CRS 211 to acquire Measurement Sets continuously at 1 Hz with the Format of the Measurement Set being IEEE floating point values The internal timer will be used to trigger each Measurement set PS2 211 1 1 O O 1000 O 1 2 When the Data acquisition command is received the PSU or PCU will begin
133. et a sequence of pressures specified by the PCUs PC2 command and voltage values A D counts corresponding to those pressures are acquired for every ESP port The OP3 outputs the coefficients calculated after the most recent calibration for any and all ESP scanner ports in the specified Table The OSP uses these coefficients to derive Engineering Unit data for each port included in the scan list for the indicated Table If a CA3 calibration has not been performed Conventional ESP scanners will not have coefficients available DTC ESP scanners which have had their coefficients extracted from non volatile memory using the SD5 command will have the nominal coefficients only until after a CA2 or CA3 calibration The OP3 retrieves all coefficients for Conventional scanners and also the Final Pressure Equation coefficients for any DTC ESP scanners in a Table The factory coefficients extracted from the DTC scanner non volatile memory are retrieved by requesting a negative Table number When indicating a negative Table number the Conventional ESP scanners defined in the Table are not included in the array data response The OP3 command can also read the special DTC scanner header port zero 0 and trailer port scanner last physical port one See the special configuration required in Example 4 The coefficients will be an array of IEEE Floating point numbers having two 2 dimensions nPorts by Calibration Coefficient order Response Array Da
134. et using the SD command and item 9 is set using the SD3 command By convention the first command to be issued is the SD1 This command applies to an OFIU and its mSDI installed at a specific location within the system chassis defined by the CRS Cluster Rack and Slot number Each ESP scanner attached via an OSCB cable to the mSDI is listed in the body of the SDT command indicating the number of the mSDI connector to which it is attached the number of ports on the ESP scanner and the LRN Logical Range Number of the PCU with which it will be calibrated The form of the SD1 command from the Programmers Reference chapter of this User Manual is SD1 CRS Scnr Nports LRN Scnr Nports LRN Where Scnr The mSDI connector to which the ESP scanner is connected Nports The number of pressure measurement ports on the ESP scanner Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 28 Theory of Operation Continued For example for a system configuration having two 2 ESP DTC 32 port scanners attached to connectors 1 and 2 of an mSDI and that mSDI connected with the first OFIU in an Optimus System Processor the SD1 command is SD1 111 1 32 1 2 32 1 To re cap this command specifies that The ESP scanner attached to connector number one 1 of the mSDI associated with the OFIU at system chassis location CRS 111 has 32 pressure ports and is to be calibrated by the PCU i
135. figuring a PCU or PSU it is important to keep the functional differences firmly in mind to avoid operational confusion There is a long standing convention that Calibrators shall be placed in Remote Processor slots CRS location ordered according to their maximum pressure range and that the LRN assigned to them will be likewise ordered from lowest pressure range to highest within the system For example in a system having three 3 PCUs installed within an RP designated as Cluster two 2 the PCUs would be installed in slots one 1 three 3 and five 5 of the first rack of that RP according to their pressure range The LRN selection would then assign LRN 1 to the PCU at CRS 211 LRN 2 to the PCU at CRS 213 and LRN 3 to the PCU at CRS 215 The corresponding convention for Standards dictates that they be placed in Remote Processor Slots CRS locations above the Calibrators and that their LRNs will assigned in reverse order beginning with LRN 12 and decreasing Extending the example above for a system having three PCUs installed at RP CRS 211 213 and 215 respectively a PSU is added at CRS 217 filling the RP rack The PCUs are installed according to their pressure range the lowest in the first CRS 211 is designated as LRN 1 the second at CRS 213 is designated LRN 2 and the third at CRS 215 is designated LRN 3 The PSU at CRS 217 is to be isolated by both convention and capability and is designated as LRN 12 Additional PSUs would be
136. fused for 12 amps using a Type 3AG slow blow fuse at 120 volt A C operation or 8 amps a Type 3AG slow blow fuse for 240 volt A C operation Important One of the RP cooling fans is powered directly by the AC Line If the RP chassis must be powered with line voltage other than the original configuration that fan must also be changed Consult Meas for details OSP J1 J3 Connectors Connector J1 is the Ethernet Host port which is capable of operating at 10 Mb 100 Mb 1000 Mb Note Connecting the OSP to a 10 Mb Ethernet device is not advisable as the system will not be able to achieve maximum data rates Utilizing a 100 Mb connection is reasonable for modest systems not requiring the full throughput capability For maximum throughput a 1 Gb Ethernet connection is required Connector J2 is for RS 485 Remote Processor communications The communications cable must be connected prior to power on Connector J3 is the optional trigger input When the OSP is configured to respond to a trigger signal it is applied through this connector OSP F O Connectors Connectors F O 1 throughF O 4 are the fiber optic connectors for attaching mSDI to the four OFIU slots within the OSP chassis RP J1 J8 Connectors These connectors may not be installed They provide external valve support function for the C1 and C2 pneumatic control lines and are not normally required If the connector is populated then a cable will be present to in
137. g Continued Host to OSP Communication Protocol The factory assigned TCP IP address is engraved on the identification label located on the back panel of the OSP near the power entry module The client software may change the TCP IP address of the system but must first CONNECT to the OSP using the currently configured TCP IP Address on TCP port 8400 The client must either change its TCP IP address to be compatible with the OSPs address or modify its routing table to permit communication Of course after the TCP IP address of the system has been changed the client must document the new system address or use another method to determine the OSP TCP IP Address In order to facilitate system discovery the Optimus System Processor can emit a broadcast system status packet which contains the OSPs TCP IP address and other useful information for example whether it is currently connected to another client via TCP The OSP discovery packets are broadcast on the local network and are directed to UDP port 7001 Clients can cause the OSP to emit a discovery packet by broadcasting a discovery request command directed to UDP port 7000 on the local network This mechanism allows the host application to quickly discover and select any Optimus System on the local network without requiring manual intervention An Ethernet host is a client to the OSP server The client must connect to the OSP server on TCP port 8400 before commands and responses can be exchanged
138. ge equipment and potentially injure bystanders There is no inherent protective monitoring of the valve states when they are explicitly set using the CVO command All permutations are available The Normal Operation of a PCU To begin a request for the PCU to set a pressure is received From the initial quiescent state the microprocessor evaluates the value of the request to determine which supply inputs are required to achieve the necessary output level PCUs have a similar logic for required inputs regardless of range If the absolute value of the requested pressure is less than or equal to 3 5 psi for differential PCUs and within 3 5 psia of one standard atmosphere for absolute PCUs then both the pressure and vacuum supply valves will be closed Above that range only the pressure supply valve will be closed and below that range only the vacuum supply valve will be closed The vent for the PCU will be used as the source or sink of the pneumatic controller in this context Once the appropriate supply valves are set the output valve will be closed gating the pressure being set to the port on the back panel of the Remote Processor Having set the internal valves appropriately the microprocessor selects a value from the S100 lookup table less than or equal to the requested pressure value and latches the associated digital word into the DAC The comparator generates an error signal the difference between the DAC output and the outp
139. ge from excessive force pressure exceeding the specified burst pressure can cause span and or offset shifts To compensate for any deviations from ideal performance the system is capable of calculating and storing first order corrections which will be automatically applied to the Factory DTC coefficients These Adjustable Group Zero coefficients designated C and C can be written to the DTC scanner non volatile memory through use of the SD5 command The adjustment of these coefficients is accomplished by performing a pressure calibration using either the CA2 or CA3 commands after which the SD5 command is used to save the Group Zero coefficients Appendix B ESP scanner EU Pressure Conversion Equations Page 205 Appendix B Continued Appendix B ESP scanner EU Pressure Conversion Equations Page 206 Appendix C PCU PSU Operation As stated in earlier sections of this document PCUs and PSU are single sensor precision pressure measurement devices PSUs are strictly measurement only devices and are often used to monitor the reference pressure for the ESP scanners PCUs contain pressure control and generation circuitry and can provide precision pressures for the calibration of ESP scanners Both PCUs and PSUs are capable of sourcing data in a manner similar to the OFIU and mSDI however the throughput of these instruments is significantly lower than the rate specified for ESP scanners PCUs are a required component of the Optimus Sy
140. ger or IEEE 754 single precision float The receipt of a single value packet is synonymous with a Confirmation Packet the command succeeded if you received the data Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 199 Appendix A Continued Stream Data Response Stream data is exclusively the result of an ADx Acquire Data or an ODx Output Data command Receipt of Stream packets is not necessarily a confirmation that a command has completed execution nor is their absence necessarily an error though it can be presumed that if your application requested data and none is forthcoming some type of error has occurred Acquire Data and Output Data commands send a Confirmation packet upon completion of acquiring or transmission of the Tables nMS the Number of Measurement Sets If the Table is configured to continuously acquire and output data it must be terminated using an ADO command In this event the continuous stream of data will terminate with an Error response and the ADO command which stops the stream will send a confirmation packet Note There are two 2 different response codes for which stream data responses are transmitted The OSP when sending data for DTC scanners may send a Compensation data set containing excitation and zero values for the DTC scanners and the A D converter in the mSDI This data can be used in conjunction with the DTC coefficients to perform the Engineering Unit conversion within the host application This may
141. hat at a 10 Hz Press Set rate Temp Set to Press Set ratios of 1 150 or larger are sufficient to maintain the specified accuracy of the system Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 72 Host Operation and Programming Continued SD1 Configure an OFIUs Scanners This command defines all characteristics of ESP scanners connected to an OFIU and mSDI including The mSDI connector to which a scanner is attached The number of pressure ports in each scanner and The Logical Range Number to which a scanner is assigned For DTC ESP scanners the SD1 also specifies whether the Sensitive Mode a high gain output setting permitting increased resolution will be enabled When the SD1 command is executed the OFIU interrogates each of the scanners listed in the command parameters Conventional ESP scanners will not respond to that interrogation and the OFIU will return a warning response for those scanners The OFIU will continue to operate in the Full FIU mode meaning that all detected DTC ESP scanners will operate as expected and any indicated Conventional ESP scanners will require a pressure calibration before Engineering Unit data can be calculated If no DTC ESP scanners are present or if the operator does not require DTC operation the OFIU may be instructed to operate in Conventional mode only requiring a full calibration of all connected scanners whether DTC or Conventional Response Confirmation Error Packet Format
142. hat the first PSU will be designated as LRN 12 and LRNs will be assigned to additional PSUs in descending order Example 1 Define a PSU or PCU in OSP Chassis Slot 3 as a DAU only PS1 113 123 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 106 Host Operation and Programming Continued PC2 or PS2 Commands The PC2 command is used by PCUs only and the PS2 commands are used to specify data acquisition parameters for either PCUs or PSUs that will stream data for a Table PC2 Define PCU s Calibration Pressures The PC2 command sets the calibration pressures a PCU will generate during the Full Pneumatic Pressure Calibration process CA3 A PC1 command must have been executed prior to execution of the PC2 command PSUs or PCUs used only to stream data and will not be used to generate calibration pressures should not use this command The number of calibration pressures entered depends on the type of scanners being calibrated either conventional or DTC ESP scanners Response Confirmation Error Packet Format PC2 CRS calP calP calP calP calP Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the OFIU is installed within the OSP Range 111 to 114 calP The pressure value which will be set in sequence during calibration of ESP scanners These values can be specified in any order Each point s value may be positive or negative but the value cannot exceed the Max
143. he standard Units descriptor string will be displayed if UnStr is not specified Value A quoted text string less than or equal to eight characters in length Example 1 Configure the PSU located at RP slot 5 for kilopascal kPa units PS4 215 10 The PSU located at RP CRS 215 will output data in kilopascals Example 2 Configure user defined units hectopascal hPa at Unx index 0 Set the PCUs and ESP scanners assigned to Logical Ranges LRNs one 1 and three 3 to use these units PC4 1 O 0 6894757 2 hPa PC4 3 0 Any PCU designated as LRNs one 1 and three 3 and the ESP scanners that are assigned to those LRNs will output their pressure data in the User Units assigned to index O Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 118 Host Operation and Programming Continued PC5 Build a PCU s Internal S100 Table The PCUs generate pressures which are used to calibrate the attached ESP scanners via their calibrate ports The control device within the PCUs uses a comparator circuit DAQ and silicon Piezo resistive pressure transducer to establish and maintain the required pressure This command creates a lookup table pressure to DAC setting an initial set point from which to start the pressure output It is important to ensure that the PCU pressure output port is dead headed and that both the Pressure supply and vacuum sink are attached and properly set before executing this com
144. he length of the array being the value of short integer conversion of the parameter strmpkt nVals Unsigned short int nRows ntohs unsigned short int amp arypkt nRows Unsigned short int nCols ntohs unsigned short int amp arypkt nCols Single dataArray nRows nCols Unsigned int rowctl colctl Idx arypkt data For rowctl 0 rowctl rowctl lt nRows For colctl 0 colctl colctl lt nCols dataArray rowctl colctl single ntohl unsigned long Idx idx 4 Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 195 Appendix A Continued Deciphering Optimus data packets is simple Once a TCP IP socket is established with the Optimus from the host application the host application transmits command strings and the responses arrive in the receive buffer It is however inefficient to transmit a command and then immediately wait for the response Socket communication is asynchronous and so if an application is written in such a manner as to wait for responses after every transmission the application will be unable to attain the performance of which the system is capable Optimus responses data packets were conceived with asynchronous operation in mind For this reason the developer reading this document is encouraged to write the socket read routine as an endless loop maintaining a continuously open TCP IP socket Once the packets are read from the socket the data should be passed to a
145. he mSDI The pressure scanners are connected to the mSDI with an Optimus Scanner Cable OSCB which can be purchased in lengths ranging between six 6 inches and one hundred fifty 150 feet OSCB cables having a length greater than thirty 30 feet are only supported when using Gen 2 DTC pressure scanners or MicroScanner pressure scanners Within that constraint any combination of pressure scanners attached with varied length OSCB cables may be connected to mSDI simultaneously OSCB cables utilize standard micro D 15 pin connectors to mate with any vintage of ESP pressure scanners The Remote Power Supply The RPS is configured for 19 inch rack mount installation or bench mount use and provides precision regulated power to the mSDI which in turn distributes the power to the connected ESP pressure scanners The RPS connects to an mSDI via an 8476 cable which can be purchased in a range of lengths between ten 10 and three hundred 300 ft The RPS uses voltage sense feedback constantly monitoring and adjusting power delivered to the mSDI in response to varying conditions Though multiple RPS are REQUIRED for installations having more than two 2 mSDI an optional Y cable OPCY is available and permits a single RPS to power two 2 separate mSDI having a maximum separation of six 6 feet Facilities having an existing 8400 System with a legacy RPS must upgrade the RPS for Optimus compatibility Figure 1 5 RPS with Y cable and two mS
146. he purpose of this calibration is to derive the coefficients necessary to calculate pressure from the voltage output by the sensors embedded within the scanners Conventional ESP scanner calibration coefficients are derived by polynomial regression of data points scanner port voltage and calibrator pressure measured by an OFIU and mSDI in conjunction with a PCU during a calibration Conventional scanners are not compensated for temperature changes and so it is important to be aware of this limitation and reduce its effects by performing either a re zero calibration or a new full calibration at intervals during system operation Note DTC ESP scanners may also be calibrated in this fashion and users do so for a variety of reasons The details of why one would use a DTC scanner without taking advantage of the inherent temperature compensation are unimportant in this context It is sufficient that one be aware that such an option is available When operating in this conventional mode DTC scanners are not compensated for temperature changes The Conventional scanner Polynomial Equation calculates pressure as a function of measured voltage output by the sensor of a scanner port Every port included in a Table scan list has its own unique set of coefficients The coefficients may be created as a result of execution of a CA3 full calibration a CA2 offset adjustment calibration or written into system memory using an SD4 command Regardless of the me
147. ialization Commands SP5 Display Set Date Time Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 69 Host Operation and Programming Continued System Start Up amp AUTO Initialize Before starting your Optimus System Chapter 3 should be read carefully and all electrical amp pneumatic connections made for your configuration Lift the cover of and push the power switch on the front panel The OSP firmware immediately executes its Initialization routine After a few seconds it is ready to serve you via the host computer Important If any Remote Processors RPs are connected to the Optimus System they must be powered on before applying power to the Optimus System Processor OSP If the AUTO Initialize feature is Set the OSP reads stored Initialization commands and parameters from its Default Storage 32 Mb of Flash and moves them into Application Memory where they will be held through the entire operating session meaning until power is removed or the OSP is Reset Application Memory is the working memory that holds most of the command parameters entered during operation and provides default values for all commands if any were loaded there from Default Storage Then all Initialization commands are optionally executed by the AUTO Initialize function Any commands meant for input units are transmitted to those units If AUTO Initialize is successful and completed no new initialization commands need be sent from the host computer
148. ied to the sensor The following is a step by step description of the process of solving those equations The first step of the process requires that the Optimus normalize the raw temperature and pressure voltage data for sensor Excitation and A D converter offset error This is accomplished by instructing the DTC scanner to gate the excitation voltage through the temperature voltage output pin of the DTC scanner connector The scanner excitation voltage is then digitized by the A D converter located in the mSDI Next the system measures the A D converter offset the value output by the device when its differential input is shunted within the mSDI These functions are performed just prior to making the first measurement when starting a stream of Measurement Set data for a Table The result is the Excitation and Zero values E and Z Note An Excitation and Zero Measurement Set is only acquired at the beginning of a stream of data After acquiring the Excitation and Zero the Optimus acquires a pressure and temperature voltage data set for all scanner ports in the scan list defined by the active Table That data is then normalized for the excitation and zero T T 2 Z P Z E Z The Normalized Temperature voltage T is used to generate the Temperature coefficients q r and s q Q Q T r R R T s S S Ta Appendix B ESP scanner EU Pressure Conversion Equations Page 203 Appendix B Continued The Corrected T
149. igh Speed Data Acquisition Control Clear Output Stored Data Live Action Data Acquisition Valve Control System Communication System Processor Control Initialize OFIUs SD1 Configure an OFIUs scanners SD2 Define an OFIUs Table Parameters SD3 Define an OFIUs Scan List SD4 Manually Enter an OFIUs EU Conversion Coefficients SD5 Perform DTC scanner specific Functions Optimus User Manual Table of Contents Page iv of viii 59 59 59 60 60 61 63 64 65 65 67 67 67 67 68 68 68 68 68 69 69 71 73 77 83 86 90 Initialize PCUs and PSUs 100 PC1 and PS1 Commands Configure a PCU s Control parameters or a PSU s Data Acquisition Table 103 PC2 and PS2 Commands Define the Calibration Pressure Sequence for PCUs or a PSU s Data Acquisition Parameters 107 PC3 and PS3 Commands Modify a PCU s or PSU s Internal Coefficients 114 PC4 and PS4 Commands Change PCU s or PSU s Pressure Units 116 PC5 Build a PCU s Internal S100 Table 119 Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Options 121 CP1 Set the ESP scanners Calibration Valve Mode 121 CP2 Set the Calibration Pressure Stabilization Time 123 CP3 Set Notification at each Calibration Point 124 Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Control 126 CAO Abort an ESP scanner Calibration or re set a PCU to its default condition 126 CA1 Generate Arbitrary Output Pressure 127 CA2 Start Re Zero ESP scanner Pressure Calibration 130 CA3 Start Full Pneumatic Pressure Calibra
150. ile provide with every DTC ESP scanner The coefficient file is created as the final step of scanner production and is stored permanently at our facility This example and in fact all factory DTC coefficient files are written such that the target scanner is expected to be attached to the first connector of the first OFIU and mSDI in the Optimus System This is done by convention to ensure a common configuration to which all users can refer There is however no limitation placed on the connector through which this process can be accomplished Changing the scanner number to five 5 throughout this example would permit the scanner to be attached to mSDI connector 5 instead of mSDI connector 1 The reader is strongly advised to adhere to the conventions documented in the DTC ESP scanner coefficient files and this manual Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 99 Host Operation and Programming Continued Initialize PCUs and PSUs Definitions LRN Logical Range Number an arbitrary number value ranged from one 1 to twelve 12 used to associate an ESP scanner with a PCU Pressure Calibrate Unit in support of calibration of the ESP scanners CRS Cluster Rack Slot A numeric representation of the physical location of a PCU or OFIU within the Optimus System chassis PCUs and PSUs are two slots wide and are installed with their left edge located within an ODD slot Frame A collection of data containing single val
151. imum Pressure Generated per the maxP parameter of the preceding PC1 command The value must also be greater than the minimum pressure the PCU can set If a PC4 command has changed the PCUs pressure units then calP must be specified in the same pressure units Note The number of Calibration Points used determines the order of the curve fit for each conventional scanner pressure port For DTC ESP scanners only two points are required and only the lowest and highest calibration points will be used Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 107 Host Operation and Programming Continued When a combination of Conventional and DTC scanners are calibrated using the same LRN it is advisable to use the maximum number of calibration pressures to assure that the conventional scanners can achieve their accuracy specifications A minimum of two points must be set The calP values must be in the pressure units set by the PC4 PSI by default The units must also be consistent with the mode of operation Differential or Absolute in the PC1 command Example 1 Select five calibration pressures in PSI to be generated by the PCU located in RP Slot 5 PC2 215 4 8 2 4 0 0 2 5 4 75 The PCU located at RP CRS 215 will generate the specified sequence of pressures when a CA3 calibration command is executed Example 2 Define the same calibration pressures in PSF to be generated by the same PCU as in Exa
152. ing Unit EU data or Binary RAW data for users preferring to perform EU conversion within their own application Optimus supports the latest MicroScanner and the updated Gen 2 ESP pressure scanners as well as many of the legacy ESP scanners manufactured by Pressure Systems Inc Now the Aerodynamic Research Group within Measurement Specialties Inc The Optimus System Processor The OSP is the central data acquisition and control unit of the Optimus Data System Configured for 19 inch rack or bench top installation the OSP can support up to 32 ESP pressure scanners for a total of 2048 measurement channels An Ethernet interface allows direct host connection and expansion beyond 2048 measurement channels OFIUs are installed inside the OSP and communicate with the mSDI via a single optical fiber A minimum of one OFIU is required for system operation and up to four 4 OFIUs can be installed within one 1 OSP The OFIUs can be factory installed at time of system production or can be easily installed by the end user N Figure 1 2 OSP with OFIU s installed Optimus User Manual Introduction Page 13 Introduction Continued The Optimus Fiber optic Interface Unit The Optimus Fiber optic Interface Unit OFIU is installed within the OSP This circuit board communicates with the mSDI scanner interface via a single 62 5 micron multimode fiber The thin flexible optical cable allows placement of the mSDI within windtunnel mo
153. ing information Though the OSP application runs under the Linux kernel the OFIUs are built upon Real Time Operating System RTOS applications that ensure deterministic data acquisition RPs LSs and PCUs utilize state machines embedded applications that perform singular tasks The analog ESP scanner data acquisition is performed by the OFIUs The OSP application accepts commands from the data acquisition host computer configures the internal system components coordinates the operation of the system components time tags the data packets being acquired by the OFIUs performs floating point conversion of the Engineering Unit data and manages data transmission Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 20 Theory of Operation Continued H OST ETHERNET ose SERIAL ETHERNET ADDRESS L SCANNER ANALOG Figure 2 2 Communication path Block Diagram The OFIU is a plug in module located within the Optimus System Processor Up to four 4 OFIUs may be installed within an OSP An OFIU communicates via a single fiber optic cable with a miniature Scanner Digitizer Interface the mSDI The OFIU and mSDI work together to address and digitize the output of the pressure ports of ESP scanners connected to the mSDI The fiber optic cable connecting the OSP and OFIU and the mSDI can be up to one thousand 1000 meters in length The mSDI requires that a Remote Power Supply RPS be located within one hundred 100 meters
154. ingle ended voltage proportional to sensor temperature The pressure and temperature voltages output by the sensor are digitized using an A D converter within the PCU or PSU The excitation and A D converter offset reading are also measured directly and used to ratiometrically correct the raw pressure and temperature voltages The temperature and pressure ratios are then used to calculate the final pressure Engineering Unit measurement of the sensor The Pressure Temperature Excitation and Zero values are A D converter Counts returned as 32 bit long integer values the digital representation of the requested parameter The Pressure counts are a function of the Pressure applied the sensor Temperature the sensor Excitation and the A D converter Offset All four values are required to correctly calculate the Engineering Unit value for the pressure applied to the sensor Note It is not necessary to read the Excitation A D converter Offset and Temperature signal every time a new pressure value is calculated The A D converter Offset and Excitation are only required on the first access of a PCU or PSU during a given data acquisition interval They may change over relatively long periods measured in hours but reading these values on short intervals simply wastes bandwidth The Temperature voltage must be read for each of the first two measurements of Pressure voltage to ensure closure of the Pressure Effect on Temperature calculation The Temperature
155. int must be greater than or equal to 1 of instrument Full Scale Range For absolute standards with full scale ranges 100 psia and greater the largest calibration pressure point shall be 15 psia above full scale e g for a 100 psia PCU the largest calibration point will be 115 psia Example pressure tables for selected PCUs and PSUs are located at the end of this appendix Sequentially apply the pressures from the loading table to the PCU or PSU standard Read the value from the PCU or PSU continuously at a one 1 Hz rate while the pressure is being applied The maximum Read rate of a PCU or PSU configured for calibration is one 1 Hz Calculate the standard deviation of the last ten 10 consecutive readings to qualify the stability of the system Standard Deviation for Vibrating Quartz beam PCU and PSU shall be less than 0 0003 Standard Deviation for HASS or Mensor PCU and PSU shall be less than 0 003 If the Standard deviation is within the required limits use the mean for the Indicated pressure Record the True pressure of the Calibration Standard and the Indicated pressure from the PCU or PSU Set the next pressure point Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 232 Appendix E Continued After applying the calibration pressure sequence and recording the output of the PCU or PSU determine the As Found status of the instrument Calculate the error for each calibration point E
156. internal Offset corrections prior to their use This being the case the Offset terms of Differential PCUs and PSUs should be monitored as an indicator of the health of the instrument Intermittently or dramatically varying Offset errors must be evaluated and their root cause eliminated even if the variation period is sufficiently long that it does not impact immediate operation Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 227 Appendix E Continued A PCU or PSU is considered to be within tolerance if the As Found error is less than or equal to the accuracy limit summed with the product of the stability limit and the number of stability intervals since the last adjustment A The Accuracy limit S The Stability limit N The number of Stability Intervals since last adjustment Tol The Tolerance limit As Found Tol A S XN The instrument is permitted to be at the limit of its tolerance after adjustment and is permitted to change by the stability limit over the course of the stability interval For Example An instrument having an accuracy specification of 0 01 of its Full Scale Range and a stability specification of 0 01 of its Full Scale Range for a six 6 month interval is within specification As Found if the absolute error at any calibration point before adjustment is less than or equal to the sum of 0 01 of the Full Scale Range for accuracy and 0 01 of the Full Scale Range for stability
157. ion and Programming Continued Each command must end with an explicit termination character including SEMICOLON lt gt CARRIAGE RETURN lt CR gt LINE FEED lt LF gt NULL lt NUL gt You may pack multiple host commands together in a single string with each command in the string separated by termination characters The SEMICOLON is the most commonly used terminator for this purpose This group of packed commands may be transmitted to the OSP in a single operation For very long command strings or large strings containing packed commands the host may insert trailing continuation characters including BACK SLASH lt gt PLUS lt gt and the word MORE The command fragment is then transmitted normally to the OSP The OSP will allocate internal buffers large enough the hold a worst case system command As each continued fragment is received it is appended to the previous fragment while discarding all continuation characters and replacing them with SPACEs The OSP continues this process of assembling a command until a fragment is received which contains a trailing termination character The OSP then executes the command and then de allocates the buffer Continued commands are useful when assembling complex custom scan lists as noted in the SD3 command documentation Blank lines ones containing only white space characters and terminator characters in any combination will be ignored by the system A line that contains
158. irmation or Error Packet One Confirmation or Error Packet is sent to the host for every command received except for those returning the other types listed It indicates that the particular command was successfully executed or contained an error and was NOT executed A Confirmation or Error Packet also follows a stream of data packets called measurement sets marking the logical end of the stream The SC2 command may be used to optionally disable these responses from most commands 2 Single Value Packet Single Value Packets contain status words or single values such as the firmware version of the OSP or its input units 3 Array Data Packet Array Data Packets contain two dimensional arrays data structures such as scan lists calibration coefficients calibration voltages calibration pressures etc 4 Data Stream Packet Stream Data Packets contain single dimension arrays the time stamped measurement sets from input units These data packets are created by the Data Acquisition process and configured through one of three 3 tables data acquisition profiles maintained within the OSP Since each input unit emits its own data at its own independently configured rate data packets will typically arrive at the host as a continuous stream Measurement sets from very high speed input units will be interleaved between those from slower units Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 62 Host Operation and Programmin
159. itions LRN Logical Range Number an arbitrary number value ranged from one 1 to twelve 12 used to associate an ESP scanner with a PCU Pressure Calibrate Unit in support of calibration of the ESP scanners CRS Cluster Rack Slot A numeric representation of the physical location of a PCU or OFIU within the Optimus System chassis Absolute pressure a measurement referenced or relative to a hard vacuum Differential pressure a measurement referenced or relative to some other pressure Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 33 Theory of Operation Continued In the listing of parameters that must be defined items 1 3 are set using the PCI command and item 4 is set using the PC command By convention the first command to be issued is the PC1 This command applies to a PCU installed at a specific location within a Remote Processor RP or Local Slave LS chassis defined by the CRS Cluster Rack and Slot number The PCUs LRN Pressure operating Mode pressure Setting Tolerance and Maximum settable Pressure are listed in the body of this command The form of the PC1 command from the Programmers Reference chapter of this User Manual is PC1 CRS LRN PrM STol MaxP Where PrM The Pressure operating Mode either Absolute or Differential STol The pressure Setting Tolerance in Pounds per Square Inch MaxP The Maximum settable Pressure the maximum settable
160. itted to the host application The parameters above are defined by three discrete commands which must be sent to an OFIU to which ESP scanners are connected Following is a description of the SDx Scanner Digitizer configuration commands Some details necessary for understanding the calibration of ESP scanners and expansion to encompass multiple OFIUs will be lightly touched upon and omitted where necessary to avoid over complication of the concepts presented Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 27 Theory of Operation Continued Definitions LRN Logical Range Number an arbitrary number value ranged from one 1 to twelve 12 used to associate an ESP scanner with a PCU Pressure Calibrate Unit in support of calibration of the ESP scanners CRS Cluster Rack Slot A numeric representation of the physical location of a PCU or OFIU within the Optimus System chassis Frame A collection of data containing values for the individual ports of a group of ESP pressure scanners Measurement Set A Data Structure created using one or more Frames and transmitted to the host computer connected to the Optimus Data System Table A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer A single table can encompass multiple OFIUs In the listing of parameters that must be defined items 1 4 are set using the SDI command items 5 8 are s
161. itten into temporary memory and will be erased if the power is cycled or overwritten if a subsequent SD4 command is executed for that Table and scanner port If multiple Tables reference the scanner ports then the coefficients must be written to all Tables individually Range 4 to 1 for DTC coefficients Range 1 to 4 for Conventional coefficients and DTC Adjustable Group coefficients sPort The three 3 digit number indicating the mSDI connector number and the port number of the scanner to which the coefficients will be applied The first digit is the connector number on the mSDI to which the scanner is attached and the final two digits are the port of the scanner Ex 101 is Scanner 1 port 01 Value A single connected Scanner and Port number The port for which the coefficients to be transmitted are valid Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 87 Host Operation and Programming Continued Coef For positive Table values Coef specifies between two 2 and five 5 EU conversion coefficients entered from lowest to highest degree For Negative Table Values Coef specifies a total of twenty three 23 floating point values in nine 9 coefficient groups The Coef values may be written as Fixed Point Floating Point Scientific Engineering or Exponential notation Value Between 2 and 5 values Conventional or 23 values DTC in Fixed Point Floating Point Scientific Engineering or Exponential nota
162. ix B Response Confirmation Error Packet Format SD4 CRS STBL sPort Coef Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the OFIU is installed within the OSP Range 111 to 114 sTBL A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer The SD4 command writes calibration coefficients into the indicated Tables coefficient array There are two types of coefficients handled by this command corresponding to the two types of ESP scanners DTC and Conventional Calibration of a Conventional ESP scanner is performed in situ at the time the ESP scanner is to be used The coefficients are valid for the current state of the scanners and must be updated periodically to ensure accurate measurements The Conventional calibration process will derive a set of coefficients for an n 1 order polynomial equation with n being the number of calibration pressure points specified for the ESP scanners These coefficients may be stored on the host computer and re loaded during configuration to reduce the time required before taking data however this process does not guarantee the system performance specification It is still necessary to perform an offset calibration using a CA2 command if this optional procedure is used Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 86 Host Operation and Programming Continued
163. ization Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 91 Host Operation and Programming Continued In some applications it may be advantageous to operate the DTC scanners as Conventional scanners configuring the OFIU such that it will ignore the presence of DTC scanners In these cases the DTC scanner retains one feature available through the SD1 command the ability to engage the Sensitive Mode of operation with increased resolution If this feature is enabled it is important to account for the increased sensitivity by reducing the calibration pressures specified within the PC2 command for the LRN calibrating that scanner Response Confirmation Error Packet Format SD5 CRS sTBL actx x x Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the OFIU is installed within the OSP Range 111 to 114 sTBL A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer The SD5 command reads calibration coefficients into the indicated Tables coefficient array This command is only applicable to DTC scanners and the operation of the OFIU when DTC scanners are connected Range 2 1 O to 4 2 Disable the DTC function of the OFIU All scanners attached are treated as if they were Conventional ESP scanners DTC ESP scanners that are configured for Sensitive mode of operation remain in sensitive mode until a new SD1 comma
164. le for Mains AC Power connection in North America A Ferrite clamp which is necessary for CE compliance has been attached to the supplied power cord A second spare clamp is included with the Optimus packaging in order that the end user can apply this required component to a power cord suitable for use outside of North America Attach the Ferrite clamp to the AC power cord as illustrated below Supplied Ferrite clamp PN 19 020061832 should be placed within 4 inches 10 cm of the equipment end of a user supplied line cord Appendix Y CE Compliance Page 253 Appendix Y Continued Appendix Y CE Compliance Page 254 Appendix Z Optimus as an application and system is built upon dedicated hardware which utilizes the features and benefits of the Linux operating system and all of the attendant packages included within a typical installation or distribution The Aerodynamic Research Group freely distributes all source code and configuration files according to the applicable License Agreements If a copy of these documents is not found on the company web site contact the Aerodynamic Research Group directly for the latest version Appendix Z Open Source Licences Page 255
165. lel They are required as a part of the calibration of ESP scanners and automatically applied during the execution of the CA2 and CA3 commands They are normally actuated aside from the context of calibrating scanners using the CV1 command Appendix C PCU PSU Operation Page 208 Appendix C Continued For the purpose of clarity the description of operation will begin with the PCU at Rest the condition in which it is placed when first powered on or after receipt of a CAO or CVO command Included in this discussion is the state of the individual solenoid valves within the PCU Note The Valve state illustrations show the valves in the relaxed or quiescent state Within the text description the valve state will be noted as either Closed permitting flow through the valve or Open blocking flow through the valve The valve state referenced by the LA3 and CVO commands are the Energized and De Energized state of the electrical circuit controlling the valve Be aware that valve logic differs between each of the individual types of PCUs the Low Range Absolute High Range Absolute and Differential Developing software which can control the PCU to a high degree is useful in a troubleshooting context as well as when performing calibrations of the PCU or for special purpose however there is a possibility that incorrect unintended or inappropriate combinations of valves can dama
166. lot The PCU is linked to the ESP scanners using Logical Range Number one 1 The CA3 command for calibrating the scanners described is CA3 1 eta After issuing the CA3 command the system will not respond to commands until after the requested calibration completes During a calibration the system performs a set sequence of operations in order to acquire the data necessary to derive the coefficients for each scanner port The sequence of events necessary for calibration is 1 Receive the CA3 command 2 Instruct the PCUs to set the C1 control pressure a This places the ESP scanners into a state that permits the calibration pressure to be applied to the individual transducers simultaneously 3 Do in the order defined by the PC command a Instruct the PCUs to set the next pressure from their PC2 command b Instruct the PCUs to return the value of the pressure that is set c Instruct the OFIU and mSDI to acquire data from the ESP scanners associated with the LRN d Repeat until all data points have been recorded 4 Use the acquired data to derive conversion coefficients and store them for use 5 Instruct the PCUs to set the C2 control pressure a This places the ESP scanners into a state such that the individual transducers are physically isolated from one another 6 Send the CA3 completion message After completion of the CA3 command the system is ready to acq
167. mand This command may take some time to complete and gives no outward indication of progress It is appropriate and recommended that a pressure gauge with digital readout be connected to the calibrator output port so that progress can be monitored The PC5 command builds and saves an internal PCU table called the S100 Table used by the PCU s firmware to generate a pressure efficiently Do NOT execute this command for a PSU Normally a new S100 Table is generated after replacement of the S100 transducer You may need to perform this command after PCU repair a firmware change or if the PCU is removed or installed within a chassis while power is applied See Appendix C for more information on the S100 Table Build process The OP7 command retrieves the current table and allows you to review these values Response Confirmation Error Packet Format PC5 CRS Pass Where CRS Cluster Rack Slot A numeric representation of the physical location of a PCU or OFIU within the Optimus System chassis Range Dependent on the Chassis in which the PCU is installed Typical values are 211 213 215 and 217 for an RP Pass Specifies that you really want to Perform this operation Value 1 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 119 Host Operation and Programming Continued The PCU walks through sixty seven 67 different DAC settings driving the pressure controller and reading the set press
168. mber of the scanner but the full scale range in psi and the date of last calibration as well Negative scan list values return a status byte for each scanner port The most significant bit Bit 7 of each status byte indicates the type of port 1 DTC and O Conventional The remaining 7 bits are for troubleshooting internal processes and are of little or no use to the application designer Response Array Data Packet Format OP5 CRS STBL Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the OFIU is installed within the OSP Range 111 to 114 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 147 Host Operation and Programming Continued sTBL A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer A single table can encompass multiple OFIUs Range 1 to 4 Table 5 is available for read and is the scan list encompassing all system discovered DTC scanners Table 5 is not usable for data acquisition Negative values return a status byte for each of the scanner ports Example 1 Retrieve the scan list the list of scanner ports that are included in Table two 2 for the OFIU located at OSP CRS 112 OPS 112 2 Return the scan list configured for the OFIU mSDI at CRS 112 in Table 2 Example 2 Retrieve status bytes for each scanner port listed in Table two 2 for the OFIU located at OSP CRS 112 OP5 112 2
169. mber on the mSDI to which the scanner is attached and the final two digits are the port of the scanner Ex 101 is Scanner 1 port 01 Positive values of sPort return the pressureA D counts or pressure volts for Conventional and DTC ESP scanners Negative values of sPort are used to select the temperature voltage for the given DTC ESP scanner port In addition to the described port data several general data items are available using this command through negative virtual port numbers Negative port numbers 97 98 and 99 retrieve the DTC scanner Status Byte scannerA D converter Zero Voltage and the DTC scanner Excitation Voltage FrCt The Frame Count used for acquiring the requested data Range 1 to 255 Default is 64 if not specified Example 1 Read the pressure voltage from scanner 1 port 1 connected to the OFIU at OSP CRS 111 The value returned will be an average of 32 A D samples LAL 111 101 32 Example 2 Read the temperature voltage from scanner 1 port 1 connected to the OFIU at OSP CRS 111 The value returned will be an average of 32 A D samples LAI 111 101 32 Example 3 Read the Excitation voltage from scanner 1 port 1 connected to the OFIU at OSP CRS 111 The value returned will be an average of 32 A D samples LAI 111 197 32 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 159 Host Operation and Programming Continued LA2 Look at an ESP scanners EU Dat
170. me instances for example if the highest data rate is desired for short intervals it is necessary to turn the continuous or periodic temperature updates off In this case since the data acquisition is at a high rate and the data stream duration is short it is presumed that the initial temperature data point will be sufficient A single temperature data point is always acquired upon a data acquisition request immediately after the Excitation and Zero Offset Compensation set is acquired Enable or Disable DTC ESP scanner function When an OFIU is initialized with the list of scanners using the SD1 command it will determine if any or all of the scanners attached to its mSDI are DTC ESP scanners If any scanners identified in the SD1 command do not respond as DTC scanners the OFIU will issue a warning that it either has a combination of DTC and Conventional scanners attached or that there were no DTC ESP scanners identified on the mSDI Some reduction in performance can be expected when combinations of DTC and Conventional ESP scanners are present on a single OFIU and mSDI In such cases where it is critical to achieve full throughput the DTC and Conventional scanners may be segregated connected to separate OFIU and mSDI in the same OSP The OFIU and mSDI having the Conventional scanners attached can turn off the DTC specific features of that OFIU simplifying the configuration of the overall system and reducing the time required for system initial
171. measurement SPECIALTIES 09 00 Optimus User Manual Version 1 1 March 2015 Chapter 1 Introduction Figure 1 1 The Optimus System System Components The Optimus System Processor Figure 1 2 OSP with OFIU s installed The Optimus Fiber optic Interface Unit Figure 1 3 OFIU and mSDI The miniature Scanner Digitizer Interface Figure 1 4 An RPS powering an mSDI having a Scanner attached via an OSCB Cable The Remote Power Supply Figure 1 5 RPS with Y cable and two mSDI Pressure Scanners Figure 1 6 A variety of ESP scanners from 16HD to legacy and MicroScanner Expansion Chassis Remote Processor and Local Slave Figure 1 7 Remote Processor and Local Slave Pressure Calibrate Units Pressure Standard Units Figure 1 8 PCU PSU Chapter 2 Theory of Operation A Basic Optimus System OSP Figure 2 1 Optimus Basic System OFIU and mSDI Figure 2 2 Communication path Block Diagram Figure 2 3 mSDI Block Diagram Expansion Chassis RP and LS PCU and PSU Figure 2 4 PCU and PSU Pneumatic Block Diagram PBU Optimus User Manual Table of Contents Page i of viii 11 11 11 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 23 23 24 24 24 The Optimus Boot Process The Data Acquisition Process Figure 2 5 Scan List Muxs ESP scanner ADC and Data Output array The Configuration Process The OFIU Figure 2 6 Two ESP scanners connected to mSDI connectors 1 and 2 The
172. memory In order to output Engineering Unit data for conventional ESP scanners the Optimus System must calibrate them This is accomplished by applying a sequence of pressures to the scanners recording the voltage output in response to the applied pressure sequence and performing a linear regression on the pressure and voltage data The resulting coefficients are held in memory for use and can be adjusted periodically by performing a new calibration DTC ESP scanners also benefit from calibration resulting in an accuracy improvement of 40 over Conventional scanners having the same pressure range PCUs are the instruments utilized to set and measure the precision pressure signals for the calibration of ESP scanners Like the OFIU they are independently configurable and operate under direct OSP control Configuration of PCUs defines the following 1 The Operating Mode of the PCU 2 The Full Scale pressure range of the PCU 3 The Logical Range Number assignment 4 The sequence of pressures that will be set when calibrating ESP scanners The parameters above are defined by two discrete commands which must be sent to all installed PCUs via the OSP Following is a description of the PCx Pressure Calibrator configuration commands Some details necessary for understanding extended functions and features of PCU operation will be lightly touched on and omitted where necessary to avoid over complication of the concepts presented Defin
173. mensions nPorts by nPressures Response Array Data packet Format OP1 CRS sTBL sPort sPort Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the OFIU is installed within the OSP Range 111 to 114 sTBL A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer A single table can encompass multiple OFIUs Range 1 to 4 sPort The three 3 digit number indicating the mSDI connector number and the port number of the scanner to be placed at this Measurement Set index The first digit is the connector number on the mSDI to which the scanner is attached and the final two digits are the port of the scanner Ex 101 is scanner 1 port Ol Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 136 Host Operation and Programming Continued The OP1 command permits entry of an implicit range of ESP scanners and their ports as well as an arbitrary list of individual ports from the ports defined in the SD3 command for this Table Ex 101 132 is the inclusive range of scanner one 1 port one 01 through scanner one 1 port thirty two 32 and 101 832 is the inclusive range of scanner one 1 port one 01 through scanner eight 8 port thirty two 32 implicitly including all channels of the intervening six 6 scanners that may be defined in an SD3 command The sPort parameter is either repeated or configured a
174. mmands This feature reduces traffic over the Ethernet link though at the expense of qualification of command execution and error checking Eliminating the Confirmation Error responses does little to improve throughput in today s network environment and the ability to do so is only retained for backwards code compatibility SRQ and EOI Responses An SRQ packet indicates that the OSP has a response packet available for host to read An EOI packet is sent after the response packet is transmitted The SRQ and EOI response packets are a legacy application support feature They were conceived of as a way to ease the transition of existing facility software from GPIB to Ethernet communications The intention was to provide an Ethernet message having a meaning synonymous with GPIB signals conveniently linking in the new system with a minimum of software modification The SC1 command will enable these messages which are transmitted prior to and after a command response or data packet The use of this mechanism should be avoided as the additional packets complicate the communication process with little to no benefit Note The SRQ and EOI packets have a message length of 4 bytes having no additional data or ASCII comments appended to them The following four response packet types contain binary data returned in response to data acquisition commands Single Value Response A packet containing a single value encoded as four bytes either a long inte
175. mple 1 PC2 215 691 2 345 6 0 0 144 684 PC4 215 12 The PCU located at RP CRS 215 will generate the specified sequence of pressures when a CA3 calibration command is executed The referenced pressure values are in PSF Pounds per Square Foot as defined by the PC4 command Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 108 Host Operation and Programming Continued PS2 Define PSUs or PCUs streaming data Setup Parameters This command defines data acquisition Tables profiles which set the Number of Frame samples averaged to derive a Measurement Set the Frame Delay interval between those Frame samples the Number of Measurement Sets that will be acquired the Measurement Set Delay interval between each Measurement Set the Scanning Mode in which the scanner channels are sampled and the Format in which the data will be transmitted Up to three 3 independent Tables may be set for each PSU However only one of the three tables can be actively controlling data acquisition at any one time Response Confirmation Error Packet Format PS2 CRS sTBL nFR nFRez FRd nMS MSd TRIG SCNm OCf Where CRS Cluster Rack Slot A numeric representation of the physical location of a PCU or OFIU within the Optimus System chassis Range Dependent on the Chassis in which the PCU is installed Typical values are 211 213 215 and 217 for an RP sTBL A Data Acquisition profile defining
176. mus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 143 Host Operation and Programming Continued The coefficients for port zero the scanner header are read by the host application The coefficients must be cast to a byte array and then interpreted as strings of ASCII characters OP3 111 3 Now to get the Trailer we overwrite the scan list definition Again only a single port the last port of the scanner is included in the scan list SD3 111 3 164 An SD5 command is executed to read the coefficients for port sixty five 65 the trailer alias SD5 111 3 0 65 0 The coefficients for port sixty five the scanner trailer are read by the host application The coefficients must be cast to a byte array and then interpreted as strings of ASCII characters OP3 111 3 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 144 Host Operation and Programming Continued OP4 Output the Calibration Pressures Generated by the PCUs During a full calibration PCUs set a sequence of pressures specified by the PCUs PC2 command and voltage values A D counts corresponding to those pressures are acquired for every ESP port The OP4 outputs the pressure values set by the PCUs during the most recent calibration of any and all ESP scanner ports The OSP uses these pressure values to derive the Engineering Unit coefficients for each port included in the scan list for the Table If a CA3 calibration has not be
177. n a room adjacent to the test section of the wind tunnel The model for this example will be a 3 x 1 x 1 cuboid having 72 pressure taps All tubing connecting the model pressure taps to the ESP scanner measurement ports will be equal length and the distances between the various components will be assigned arbitrary but reasonable values based on the experience of the author The lengths of the various interconnecting cables were chosen based on the values assigned in the example and not due to any requirements imposed by the Optimus System Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 46 Installation and Setup Continued Data Room Data Room Test Section OSP m a eR Re CPA M Equipment Room Figure 3 4 Plan diagram and side view of an arbitrary wind tunnel structure The following list of equipment has been assembled relevant to figure 3 4 Delivered from Measurement Specialties System Hardware Qty 1 OSP Qty 1 OFIU pre installed in the OSP at CRS 111 Qty 1 mSDI Qty 200 Ft OFIU to mSDI Fiber Optic cable Qty 1 RPS Qty 30 Ft RPS to mSDI cable Qty 1 RP Qty 200 Ft OSP to RP communication cable Qty 1 PCU having a Full Scale Range 1 psid Qty 6 Pneumatic Blanking Panels Qty 2 DTC ESP scanners each scanner having 64 pressure ports each pressure port having an Outer Diameter of 0 04 and both scanners having a full scale range of 0 36 psiD Qty 2 OSCB cables 10 Ft length Qty
178. n of the Stream Data Packet The Measurement Set Header The sixteen 16 bytes following the Stream Data Header Byte 9 Byte 10 Byte 11 iUTyp Byte 12 Byte 13 Byte 14 Byte 15 Byte 19 bay nor Minute Second Byte 23 Seq Month Day Table 5 7 Note The Input Unit Type Measurement or Compensation Set indicates the instrument with which the data was acquired 1x OFIU and 30 PCU or PSU For the OFIU x 0 is Pressure Data x 1 is Temperature Data x 3 is Excitation and Zero Data Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 187 Appendix A Continued When using the c structure described earlier the Stream Data Header the Measurement Set Header and the Array of values can be decoded using the ntohl network to host order long function and ntohs the network to host order short integer function as follows A ec structure struct sHeader char RespCode char RespType char MsgLength 2 struct sPacket struct sHeader header Char payload packet struct sStrmDatHdr char msn 2 char nVals 2 char Cluster char Rack char Slot char IUTyp char TBL char nFR char Year char Month char Day char Hour char Minute char Second char Milliseconds 2 char Cnvt char Seq char data strmpkt strmpkt struct sStrmDatHdr amp packet payload Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 188 Appendix A Continued Create an array of the size and type n
179. nMS is still valid Note Impact on System Performance For an OFIU in Full OFIU mode an Ez Set will be acquired before the trigger starts acquisition of the Press Set and Temp Set pairs The Ez Set compensates for excitation variations and A D converter offset errors taking a relatively large amount of time compared to pressure and temperature data acquisition This delay will significantly reduce system throughput if the application designer chooses to repeatedly poll the system for single data points It is recommended and more efficient to configure a stream of data to be delivered at an appropriate data rate continuously either using the FREE trigger or one of the two Hardware trigger options for trigger mode This avoids a time delay inherent in repeatedly acquiring an Ez Set Value FREE 0 ITRIG 1 ATRIG 2 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 79 Host Operation and Programming Continued SCNm The Scan Mode specifies the method by which the mSDIs multiplexers and A D converter perform the selection and digitizing of individual ports of the ESP scanners This parameter accepts either the mnemonic or numeric values listed below SEQ 0 Sequential Address Mode addresses and samples the scanner ports in the order they are declared in the SD3 scan list PAM 1 Parallel Address Mode addresses and samples the scanner ports in parallel to achieve higher data throughput The data is output in the o
180. nd Programming Continued EOIflg The EOI flag which determines if and when an EOI packet is sent after Measurement Sets or command responses Range 1 to 1 1 No EOI posted for measurement sets or command The system default O EOI posted only with the last measurement set 1 EOI posted with each measurement set IPadrs A TCP IP address or the value causing the system to RESET Value ASCII dotted quad TCP IP address WWW XXX YYY ZZZ Value 1 The value causing the system to Reset The Subnet Mask is set using the SC4 command A valid Subnet Mask is required for operation Example 1 Enable SRQ packets to be delivered only before the first measurement set and EOI packets to be delivered only after the last measurement set SC1 10 Example 2 Disable all SRQ EOI packets and also save a new TCP IP address Then RESET the OSP so that the new TCP IP address becomes valid SCI 1 1 192 168 0 1 Sgi at The host program must disconnect the current TCP socket and wait for up to 500 seconds before establishing a new socket to the Optimus System Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 170 Host Operation and Programming Continued SC2 Disable Host Responses for Selected Commands The SC2 command disables or enables the Confirmation and Error responses from the OSP Normally the OSP sends a confirmation for all non data commands and an error response for every command that has an er
181. nd is issued After the DTC function is disabled the SD5 command will return an error until the system is reset and re initialized The optional parameters actx x x are ignored if present and are not necessary 1 Set the ratio of Temperature data sets to Pressure Data Sets during data acquisition The Ratio is defined by the actx parameter as follows Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 92 Host Operation and Programming Continued actx 0 Turn off Temperature data sets Only acquire one Temperature set at the start of data acquisition actx 2 1 A Temperature data set will be acquired every actx pressure data sets Ex an actx value of 2 indicates that the OFIU must acquire one 1 Temperature data set for every two 2 Pressure data sets The optional parameter x x is ignored if present and is not necessary O through 4 The Table for which the Verify Read Write or Erase coefficients operation will be valid Zero 0 specifies to read the DTC coefficients from all connected DTC ESP scanners and place them into all three 3 Tables If the Table is set to zero O and a write to DTC ESP scanner non volatile memory is requested the first table containing coefficients will be written to the scanners and ports defined by the SD1 and SD3 commands The parameter actx indicates the operation to perform as follows actx 1 Verify All of the coefficients in the DTC ESP scanner non volatile memo
182. needs to be performed once when the system is power cycled or if scanners are moved on the mSDI There are five 5 operations which can be performed on the non volatile memory within DTC ESP scanners 1 Read all DTC coefficients from the scanner 2 Write All DTC coefficients to the scanner 3 Write the Adjustable coefficients to the scanner 4 Verify all DTC coefficients in the scanner against the coefficients in the OSP memory 5 Erase the non volatile memory in the scanner These functions are performed using a positive Table number Care should be taken when performing coefficient writes and memory erase operations Ensure that there is a backup copy of the coefficients and only initialize one scanner at a time to avoid unfortunate incidents When performing a Verify operation it is important to realize that the verification also applies to the Adjustable Coefficients the offset and span coefficients modified by the pressure calibration routines CA2 and CA3 To avoid a false Verify failure read all of the coefficients from non volatile and then perform the Verification Since the Adjustable coefficients can be written back to non volatile memory within the scanner it is reasonable to limit that write operation to the calibration lab This would ensure that the scanner memory contents can be verified against a known copy of the coefficients Note The Erase adjustable coefficients operation writes the default offset and span corre
183. ng Continued In Step 4 through Step 6 the scan list is changed to scan only the last port thirty two 32 in this example of the scanner This enables writing the Trailer to port thirty three 33 0 the scanners trailer memory location The scanner trailer data is written into the Table using the SD4 command The SD5 command then writes the Trailer data from the Table to the scanner non volatile memory In Step 7 through Step 40 the Table scan list is changed again all of the scanner ports are included in the scan list The individual port coefficients are written to the Table using the SD4 command When all coefficients for every port are loaded the entire body of the Table is written to the scanners non volatile memory Step 41 Verify the contents of the scanner non volatile memory against the data in the Table SD5 111 1 1 While the responses to all commands must be evaluated to confirm they executed without error it is very important to confirm that the memory verification completes without error at this point Step 42 Read the coefficients from the scanners non volatile memory into the Table for use SD5 111 1 0 Step 43 Data acquisition commands should not return engineering unit values psi by default The following command causes all scanner coefficients to be sent to the host PC OP3 111 1 The 42 step operation illustrated above is exactly the process documented within the coefficient data f
184. ng lt gt character Word parameters parameters starting with an alphabetic character are permitted in some commands and those constants will be described in the command documentation However alphabetic constants also have numeric value equivalents You may use either the alphabetic constant or its numeric equivalent in host commands Parameters must be separated from each other and from the operation code by one or more white space characters including SPACE lt SP gt TAB lt HT gt COMMA lt gt left parenthesis lt gt right parenthesis lt gt and combinations of these characters White space characters are all ignored by the internal command parser as long as they are used as separators They may NOT be embedded within parameters or operation codes but may surround them Leading blanks may precede the operation code The COMMA lt gt and PARENTHESIS lt gt characters or multiple SPACEs lt SP gt may be useful in making lengthy commands more readable For example the command SD1 111 101 104 32 1 105 108 16 2 may also be written SD1 111 101 104 32 1 105 108 16 2 to make repeating parameter groups more easily discernible Most examples in this document use the later method with parenthesis as parameter group separators to clearly show group repetition note that the extra parentheses are optional Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 60 Host Operat
185. ngineering Unit values The system will then wait for another digital transition on the Trigger Input BNC Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 82 Host Operation and Programming Continued SD3 Define an OFIUs Scan List The SD3 command defines the scan list the order in which the pressure ports of the Table are addressed and sampled Measurement Sets Pressure and Temperature data as well as calibration coefficients and the calibration voltage data are all returned in this Scan List order The Compensation Ez Set is scanned in a static order and is unaffected by the scan list After transmitting the scan list for each Table the system must then either create or retrieve engineering unit coefficients for all pressure ports defined in the scan list This can be accomplished by 1 Execute an SD5 command to retrieve the DTC ESP scanner coefficients from their embedded non volatile storage 2 Execute a CA3 command to perform a full pressure calibration on the ESP scanners 3 Execute a sequence of SD4 commands to explicitly write pressure port coefficients into the coefficient tables Option one 1 is only valid for DTC ESP scanners and may be omitted under some circumstances see the documentation for the SD5 command If the DTC coefficients are not extracted from DTC ESP scanners then they will be treated as Conventional ESP scanners and will not be temperature compensated Options two 2 and three 3 may b
186. not stored in the Coefficient Table Periodic calibration is recommended to check and potentially adjust PCU or PSU offset and span The Quartz Bourdon Tube transducer measures a force generated by external pressure and is also sensitive to force transmitted to the sensing element via acceleration or vibration Calibration laboratories should be aware of this sensitivity and account for it using appropriate process and procedure Temperature correction does not require adjustment and is valid for the life of the sensor Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Page 225 Appendix D Continued Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Page 226 Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure PCUs must have a minimum Firmware revision of 3 50 PSUs must have a minimum Firmware revision of 8 00 Note Meas recommends that the performance of the Secondary Pressure Standard within each PCU and PSU be validated using a Primary Pressure Standard at six 6 month intervals Warning Optimus PCUs and PSUs are designed for and compatible with Dry Gas Do not use any medium other than Dry Gas for calibration of Optimus PCUs and PSUs This document describes the equipment and procedure necessary for calibrating Optimus PCUs and PSUs The reader is advised to consult other resources to become familiar with the details of operating a traceable calibration laboratory having a certified quality control system Suggested reading includes b
187. o the next set point Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 123 Host Operation and Programming Continued CP3 Set Notification at each Calibration Point During a pressure calibration of ESP scanners the system must translate the calibration valves located within each ESP scanner to the correct position set each calibration pressure using the PCUs read all ESP scanner data when the calibration pressures are stabile and calculate the new corrections or coefficients Some facilities may wish to use their own pressure standards to measure the calibration pressure applied to the ESP scanners using the system PCUs as pressure generators only In this case the system must notify the facility application that the PCUs have achieved a stabile condition so that the external pressure standards can measure the pressure before the system acquires the ESP scanner data and then progresses to the next calibration pressure set point The Optimus performs a calibration of the ESP scanners and generates the scanner coefficients normally But the facility application then extracts the ESP scanner voltages or pressure values in the case of DTC scanners performs the regression using the external pressure standard values instead of the system PCUs and then writes the calculated coefficients into the Optimus memory The Optimus calculated pressure calibration coefficients are discarded This command causes the system to emit an SRQ packet
188. ocated at RP CRS 217 LA3 217 20 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 163 Host Operation and Programming Continued LA4 Look at Any Input Units Type and Firmware Version or Look at the System Date and Time The LA4 command returns the Type number and Firmware version of the Input Unit in the specified Cluster Rack Slot CRS location The same information can be retrieved for an Optimus System Processor or a Remote Processor using the appropriate Cluster number with Rack and Slot numbers equal to zero 0 Issuing the command with CRS zero 0 an invalid location returns the system Date and Time The Input Unit type codes are listed in Appendix A along with the Data Formats for the Responses Response Single Value Packet Format LA4 CRS Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the input unit is installed within the Optimus System chassis Value Any CRS within the system address space Value zero 0 returns the system Date and Time Example 1 Read input Unit type and Firmware Revision for OSP CRS location 114 LA4 114 Example 2 Read the system Current Date and Time LA4 0 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 164 Host Operation and Programming Continued Valve Control Commands CVO Control a PCUs internal pneumatic Valves The CVO command sets a PCUs solenoid value ON or OFF Valves are number
189. ometric pressure through its reference port and store it for use as a TARE value The reference pressure will be subtracted from all pressure data and will be added to the value that is to be set The intention is that this unit will emulate a differential PCU with a true range of 15 psia maxP of 30 less the atmospheric reference value Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 105 Host Operation and Programming Continued PS1 Configure a PSU or PCU for streaming data Operation The PS1 command describes each PSUs chassis location within the system and its Logical Range Number This command is issued in preparation of configuring the instrument to stream data in the same manner as an OFIU Response Confirmation Error Packet Format PS1 CRS LRN Where CRS Cluster Rack Slot A numeric representation of the physical location of a PCU or OFIU within the Optimus System chassis Range Dependent on the Chassis in which the PCU is installed Typical values are 211 213 215 and 217 for an RP LRN The Logical Range Number a number between 1 and 12 that identifies a specific PCU associating it with a group of ESP scanners to be calibrated by it The LRN must be unique for every PCU and PSU in the system Range 1 to 12 If the unit is a true PCU and it will be used to perform ESP scanner calibration then the PS1 LRN must match the LRN assigned in the PC1 command Otherwise convention states t
190. on This command aborts the calibration process started by the CA2 or CA3 commands All PCUs except those configured as dedicated and are continuously generating a pressure output are restored to their idle state See the CA1 command for the description of dedicated PCUs Response Confirmation Error Packet Important The Confirmation Error Packet from the aborted command the CA2 or CA3 Command but not the CA1 Command is also returned to the host computer Format CAO CRS Example 1 The system has previously instructed a PCU at RP slot 1 CRS 211 to generate a pressure on its output Return the PCU to its idle state CAO 2115 All PCUs that are not in a Dedicated state are returned to their idle state Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 126 Host Operation and Programming Continued CA1 Generate Arbitrary Output Pressure PCUs are used to generate a series of pressures for calibration of ESP scanners This command instructs a PCU to set an arbitrary pressure on either its reference or calibration output port The control algorithm will maintain the pressure so long as there is supply air and a vacuum sink Once the PCU has responded the pressure will have been set within the tolerance declared in the PC1 command The optional command switch designated Dedicated causes the PCU to ignore global commands such as the global Reset CAO global RE Zero CA2 and
191. on a 32 port DTC ESP scanner specify port 33 0 with actx 1 A CD containing the factory coefficient update files is provided with each DTC ESP scanner These files contain OFIU command scripts that can restore the DTC ESP scanner to its original state This operation is not performed except in the case of an accidental erasure of the scanner non volatile memory DTC ESP scanner coefficients apply to both normal and sensitive range A gain factor coefficient that applies to all DTC scanner ports is used with the standard coefficient set The gain factor and other data such as the serial number and other identifying information in the header and trailer sections of the non volatile memory addressed as port O the Header and scanner last port 1 The header and trailer data are read into the OSP during the execution of the SD1 command Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 94 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 1 Disable the OFIU DTC ESP scanner functions so that it handles every scanner as a Conventional ESP scanner Configure the scan list of Table 1 for the OFIU and mSDI at OSP CRS 111 to scan and output data for two 2 ESP scanners The ESP scanner attached to mSDI connector 1 has 16 pressure ports a full scale pressure range of 1 psid and is a Conventional scanner The ESP scanner attached to mSDI connector 2 has 64 pressure ports a full scale pressure range of 5 psid and is a DTC ESP
192. on and Setup Page 54 Installation and Setup Continued Interconnection Process The following description uses the materials and components documented earlier in this chapter The process is written from the perspective of inspection of a newly arrived system As such the narrative is intended to suggest rather than recommend and generalizes some points that may deserve more consideration Some components must be acquired from a source other than Measurement Specialties such as a regulated source of filtered compressed gas and a vacuum pump The location in which the system will be set up should be appropriate for the purpose having sufficient space to effectively work around the large components of the system A counter or table is desirable for placement of system components at a height that is comfortably accessible A computer and Ethernet switch are required for operation of the Optimus as a data acquisition system Test and validation software is provided free of charge allowing the user to verify the operation of the system The documentation of that software is separate from this user manual Operation and configuration of the free software will be generalized referencing the functions performed Details pertaining to the configuration of those functions necessarily depend on the current software revision as well as the specific combination of hardware being tested Please contact Measurement Specialties Aerospace Research grou
193. on of the process is redundant in this context Appendix C PCU PSU Operation Page 211 Appendix C Continued Vent Control K2 Pressure Z ene 100 125 psig C2 Out Pin Even Run References Servo Valve K9 Z Vacuum 1 Vin Pout 1 00 gt Atmosphere ensor Presure Relief Resonant Quartz Standard a Run Reference Input a Calibration Output Figure 7 1 Pneumatics of a Low Pressure Range Absolute PCU Vent Control K2 Pressure Z oe 100 125 psig C2 Out Pin Even Run References Servo Valve K9 f Vacuum E Vin Pout S100 Sensor gt Atmosphere Resonant Quartz Presure Standard Run Reference Input Figure 7 2 Pneumatics of a High Pressure Range Absolute PCU Appendix C PCU PSU Operation Page 212 Appendix C Continued Vent Control K2 Pressure K1 Z gt C1 Out 100 125 psig a C2 Out Vent Regulator K8 Pin Even Run References Servo Valve K9 Vacuum a Vin S100 Sensor Pout 4 Presure Relief Valves HA an SS Standar dard K Run Reference Input Calibration Output Figure 7 3 Pneumatics of a Differential PCU The Normal Operation of a PSU A PSU unlike a PCU does not contain a pressure control circuit however the solenoid valves within the unit can cause it to be isolated from the ports located on the back of the Remote Processor A PCU can be configured as a PSU via execution of
194. onfigure and operate It is controlled by a host computer via Ethernet as part of a distributed data acquisition system After sending the Optimus System a series of simple human readable setup commands a continuous stream of data is returned to the host The Optimus System s design uses a highly parallel approach to data acquisition in which data is acquired by separate input units each having its own microprocessor An input unit operates on a unique data acquisition profile producing time tagged data records which are then inserted into the system data stream This parallel concurrent scanning methodology provides unprecedented acquisition speed and control capability All input unit processors communicate with the OSP via Ethernet or serial data links The OSP coordinates and controls each input unit off loading many tasks such as calibration and data acquisition allowing them to be performed independently The OSP is free to do the other functions for which it is best suited for example process coordination and scheduling Engineering Unit data conversion and host communications A basic Optimus System configuration will contain 1 An Optimus System Processor OSP having a minimum of one 1 Optimus Fiber optic Input Unit OFIU installed 2 A miniature Scanner Digitizer Interface mSDI which routes power performs logical control and digitizes the output of ESP pressure scanners 3 An ESP scanner that samples multiple pressu
195. onses for Selected Commands SC4 Set the system Subnet Mask System Processor Control SPO Clear and Reformat the system Non Volatile Memory SP1 Copy a System Configuration To or From Non Volatile Memory SP2 Enable or Disable Automatic Initialization at System Start Up SP3 Execute a system configurations Initialization Commands SP5 Set the system Date and Time Appendix A Host Response Formats The Packet Header Table 5 1 The Packet Header Optimus User Manual Table of Contents Page vi of viii 152 152 153 155 155 157 158 158 160 162 164 165 165 167 169 169 171 173 174 174 175 176 177 178 181 181 181 181 Table 5 2 The Response Code Table 5 3 The Response Type Table 5 4 The Packet header with Message Length Field The Packet Payload Data Types Single Values Table 5 5 Single Value Packet One Dimension Array Table 5 6 Stream Data Sequence and Length Table 5 7 Stream Data Header Stream Data Measurement Set Two Dimensional Array Table 5 8 Two Dimensional Array Header The Array Data Parse Data Packet Example Response Packets SRQ and EOI Single Value Stream Data Array Data Appendix B ESP scanner EU Pressure Conversion Equations Conventional Coefficients DTC Coefficients Calibrating DTC ESP scanners Appendix C PCU PSU Operation The Normal Operation of a PCU Figure 7 1 Pneumatics of a Low Pressure Range Absolute PCU Figure 7 2 Pneumatics of a High Pressur
196. ory of Operation Page 34 Theory of Operation Continued After issuing the PC1 command the PCU is ready to operate but the PC2 command is required before ESP scanners can be calibrated The PC command applies to a single PCU and specifies the values for and sequence of the Calibration Pressures that the PCU will generate during calibration of ESP scanners assigned to the PCUs LRN The Calibration Pressures are selected based on the full scale range of the ESP scanners being calibrated and the maximum pressure must not exceed the full scale range of the ESP scanners The Calibration Pressure values the interval between them and the order are selected based on best practice which is described in the body of the PC2 command section of the Programmers Reference in this User Manual The form of the PC2 command from the Programmers Reference chapter of this User Manual is PC2 CRS CalP CalP CalP CalP CalP Where CalP A Calibration set Pressure A minimum of two 2 anda maximum of five 5 Calibration Pressures may be entered in the PC command For example continuing the earlier OFIU and OSP system configuration for the two ESP scanners on an mSDI a PCU has been installed in a Remote Processor expansion chassis and it has been designated to calibrate all ESP scanners that are assigned to Logical Range LRN 1 In order to accomplish the calibration a sequence of pressures must be genera
197. osed applying the vacuum supply to the system valve K8 is Opened passing Atmospheric pressure into the system Valves K3 and KY are Closed and valve K4 is Opened routing the generated pressure through the Cal port on the back of the Remote Processor Once the pneumatic circuit is correctly gated using the solenoid valves the microprocessor searches the S100 Lookup Table for the closest pressure point to the one being requested The paired digital word the DAC setting is applied to the DAC The Comparator then emits an error voltage that drives the Servo Valve to modulate the flow rate between the vacuum supply port via K9 and the Atmospheric vent via K8 As the pressure within the pneumatic system changes the DH Transducer senses that change and applies a signal to the Comparator which slows the rate of change for the Servo Valve Once the output of the DAC equals the output of the DH Transducer the PCU acquires data using the Pressure Standard and uses that value to adjust the DAC driving the Servo Controller closer to the requested set point Upon achieving the set point pressure the PCU continues to monitor the pressure using the Pressure Standard The pressure will be held until a new pressure is requested or some other event interrupts the control loop Calibration of ESP scanners would of course require the system to complete the remainder of the pressure sequence Descripti
198. ourdon tube converts input pressure to mechanical force which is then applied to a crystal resonator If the transducer is of the temperature compensated type a second resonator is present that is not subjected to the applied force The resonators define the period T of independent pressure and temperature oscillator circuits Measurement of the pressure and temperature oscillator period is performed using a counter and precision oscillator The Pressure Period T is a function of applied pressure and the sensor temperature while the Temperature Period T is a function of temperature only The output of the pressure oscillator and also of the temperature oscillator if present is used to gate the reference oscillator signal to the counter circuit The counters registers increment at the reference oscillator rate for one or more periods of the pressure and or temperature signals When the desired number of pressure and or temperature periods has elapsed the counter gate is closed and the counters register sums are used to determine the period for the Temperature and Pressure oscillators via the following equation T C N Where C the Counter Register value the sum of the Reference Oscillator periods which elapsed during N_p periods of the Pressure or Temperature Oscillator F The Frequency of the Reference Oscillator in Megahertz N The Number of Pressure or Temperature oscillator periods for which the Reference
199. output and reference pressures enter and exit the PCU via a pneumatic manifold incorporated into the RP or LS chassis A PSU is a PCU without the ability to Maximum Value Current Value Control Pressure Input A L Pressure j M Pneumatic Output Figure 2 4 PCU and PSU Block Diagram Pneumatic Reference generate pressure but still incorporating a high accuracy pressure standard transducer PCUs and PSUs are available in a variety of pressure ranges Each PCU is keyed to output its generated pressure through one port assigned by the pressure range Two PCUs keyed for the same port cannot be placed in the same chassis In installations where two or more PCUs of the same range are required it is possible to either add a separate expansion chassis or to modify the output port assigned to one of the instruments to prevent conflict Measurement Specialties has produced a variety of PCUs and PSUs including low pressure absolute differential with high line pressure capability and temperature compensated resonant quartz versions All of these legacy instruments are compatible with Optimus and are eligible for service life extension programs Pressure Blanking Unit PBU All of the slots within an Expansion chassis must be sealed for the system to operate correctly Slots that are unoccupied by PCUs or PSUs must be filled using PBUs These units are passive taking no part in data acquisition Optimus User M
200. p directly if assistance is required Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 55 Installation and Setup Continued Unpacking Remove each of the components and place them on a bench top or table ina manner that is convenient and comfortable to work around the system Check each component against the shipping documentation to assure all line items are present No component should be connected to mains power until the end of these instructions Remote Processor and Pneumatics Inspect the PCU and Pneumatic Blanking Panels Examine the o ring seals on the pneumatic interface of each component confirming both that they are present and that they are undamaged Examine the Remote Processor paying attention to the rack slots and rails the location where the PCU and Blanking Panels are to be mounted Slide the PCU into the left slot CRS location 211 within the remote Processor rack Using the 5 32 Hex Driver smoothly tighten the Locking Rods to no more than 25 in Ibs Place the Blanking Panels into the remaining slots one at a time using the 5 32 Hex Driver to tighten the locking rods to no more than 25 in Ibs Connect a regulated 100 psig pressure supply to the pneumatic port labeled 100 125 psig Input using 0 25 polyurethane tubing Connect a vacuum pump to the pneumatic port labeled Vacuum using 0 25 polyurethane tubing Locate the 0 125 to 0 063 reducers and remove three 3 from the package
201. prior to execution of this command The feature set for this command is listed in Appendix D Bit Un Set 0 Set 1 7 Conventional DTC Cal Position Run Position Gain Setting Standard Bit Un Set 0 f Seo oo aa Conventional DTC _ 6 Cal Position Run Position a ee A a rs a is EA Standard Sensitive Sensitive Note Feature O only works for PCUs with firmware version 2 39 and later and for PSUs with firmware version 8 19 and later The Internal valve state of a PCU is readable as an integer value bitmap and the CVO command will set or Un Set any and all valves within the PCU Using the LA3 in combination with the CVO permits a fine grained analysis of the PCU operation and can facilitate system leak testing Response Single Value Packet Format LA3 CRS Feat Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the PCU or PSU is installed within an RP chassis Range 211 to 217 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 162 Host Operation and Programming Continued Feat The Feature a specific value from within the coefficient or operating parameter space of the PCU or PSU Reference the Features from the Table in Appendix D Example 1 Read the Output Period of vibrating quartz pressure standard inside of the PCU located at RP CRS 213 LAS 213 2 Example 2 Read the transducer temperature of a temperature compensated PCU or PSU l
202. r any and all ESP scanner pressure ports included in the Table scan list Important When reference pressure other than atmospheric is used pressure stability must be assured by the end user Insufficient reference stability or insufficient stabilization time can result in an poor zero calibration After a Zero only calibration involving DTC ESP scanner port the user may copy the new offset Cz values back to the DTC scanners non volatile memory The Write Adjustable Coefficients form of the SD5 command performs this function Note All PCUs physically installed within expansion chassis must have been initialized by a PC1 command regardless of whether or not they are used to calibrate ESP scanners The valves within the PCUs are coordinated during calibration of ESP scanners and un initialized PCUs will not be properly configured Calibration failure will occur if PCUs are not properly configured Response Confirmation Error Packet Format CA2 LRN Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 130 Host Operation and Programming Continued Where LRN The Logical Range Number a number between 1 and 12 that identifies a specific PCU associating it with a group of ESP scanners to be calibrated by it The LRN must be unique for every PCU and PSU in the system Range 1 to 12 Example 1 Three PCUs are initialized to generate pressures for pneumatically calibrating several different LRN
203. r one 1 According to the Table the data will be transmitted at ten 10 Hz every one hundred 100 milliseconds in Engineering Units Volts if the ESP scanners are conventional or Pounds per Square Inch Differential PSID if the ESP scanners are Digital Temperature Compensated DTC Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 31 Theory of Operation Continued Optimus can incorporate between one 1 and four 4 OFIUs each having an mSDI connected to it If an OFIU and mSDI pair have ESP scanners attached it must be configured using an SD1 SD and SD3 command sequence It is expected that each OFIU and mSDI is configured using the same Table number for example Table one 1 In this way all of the connected Input Units will acquire and output data in response to the same command and trigger Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 32 Theory of Operation Continued Pressure Calibrate Unit PCU Configuration DTC ESP scanners contain non volatile memory which holds conversion coefficients for temperature and pressure correction The non volatile memory is read during the OFIU boot process and the coefficient values are stored in memory for use DTC ESP scanners are in general ready for use as soon as the warm up interval has passed as the OSP will use the coefficients to generate Engineering Unit values from the voltage output by the DTC SEP scanners Conventional ESP scanners do not contain non volatile
204. r the OFIU located at OSP CRS 112 OP2 112 2 101 108 Return the offset calibration coefficients calculated for ports one 1 through eight 8 of the Conventional or DTC ESP scanner attached to connector one 1 of the OFIU and mSDI at OSP location CRS 112 that are listed in Table two 2 Example 2 Retrieve the adjustable DTC coefficients Cz and Cs calculated during the most recent calibration of scanner number one 1 ports one 1 through eight 8 listed in Table two 2 for the OFIU located at OSP CRS 112 OP2 112 2 101 108 Return the adjustable Cz and Cs calibration coefficients calculated for ports one 1 through eight 8 of the DTC ESP scanner attached to connector one 1 of the OFIU and mSDI at OSP location CRS 112 that are listed in Table two 2 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 139 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 3 Retrieve all of the adjustable Cz and Cs DTC coefficients calculated during the most recent calibration for all DTC ports listed in Table two 2 for the OFIU located at OSP CRS 112 OP2 112 2 Return all adjustable DTC coefficients for the DTC ESP scanners attached to the OFIU and mSDI at OSP location CRS 112 which are listed in Table two 2 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 140 Host Operation and Programming Continued OP3 Output all of the Table Coefficients During a full calibration PCUs s
205. rameter is either repeated or configured as one or more contiguous ranges that include all scanners and pressure ports that are desired in this scan list For complicated scan lists it may be necessary to use command line continuation methods such as the keyword MORE Example 1 Configure the scan list of Table 1 for the OFIU at OSP CRS 111 to scan and output the data for eight 8 ESP scanners The ESP scanners attached to mSDI connectors 1 2 and 3 have 16 32 and 32 ports respectively The remaining five 5 ESP scanners attached to connectors 4 through 8 have 64 ports each SD3 111 1 101 864 Scan all ports of the ESP scanners referenced in the SD1 command for Table 1 connected to the OFIU and mSDI at OSP CRS 111 in the order first port of the first scanner through the last port of the last scanner Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 84 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 2 There are two OFIU in the OSP and each OFIU has an mSDI attached The first OFIU and mSDI are at OSP CRS 111 and have three 16 port ESP scanners attached to connectors 1 2 and 3 The second OFIU and mSDI are at OSP CRS 112 and have eight 32 port ESP scanners attached Configure the scan lists for Table 1 to scan and output ports 1 through eight of each of the three ESP scanners attached to OFIU and mSDI at CRS 111 and also port 32 of each of the eight ESP scanners attached to OFIU and mSDI at CRS 112
206. rder declared by the SD3 scan list See the Timing Diagram for a detailed description of Sequential and Parallel Address modes Value SEQ 0 PAM 1 OCf The Output and Conversion Format for Measurement Sets specifies which data the Temperature Pressure and Excitation and Zero set are delivered as well as the format in which they are delivered All Optimus Responses contain a four 4 byte header indicating the source of the data which command evoked it the format of the data the structure and the number of bytes contained within the data packet 1 The Raw Format returns raw Measurement Sets generated by the OFIU The raw Measurement Sets are arrays of two 2 three 3 or four 4 byte integers depending on whether one or more frames are averaged The data structure is indicated by the Response Type value embedded within the data packet Single point data created if the nFR parameter of the SD2 command is equal to one 1 are returned as signed short integers Averaged data created if nFR is greater than one 1 is returned as either a three 3 or four 4 byte integer sum which must be divided by nFR to derive the average value An OFIU operating in Full OFIU Mode will deliver a single raw Ez Set and then deliver a raw Temp Set preceding each raw Press Set specified by nMS Each Temp Sets raw temperature array is scanned and assembled according to the scan list for the active Table defined in the SD3 command
207. re taps on a windtunnel model 4 A Remote Power Supply RPS which supplies power to the mSDI and the ESP scanners attached to it 5 A Remote Processor RP providing power and pneumatic interface for Pressure Calibrate Units and or Pressure Standard Units 6 A Pressure Calibrate Unit PCU for performing calibration and verification of the ESP Scanner performance 7 Sufficient Pneumatic Blanking Units PBUs which are installed in the unused slots of the RP sealing the unused pneumatic interfaces 8 Interconnection cables for power and communication 9 A host computer and application software which configures the Optimus and stores the data returned from it Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 19 Theory of Operation Continued L e p z A LA LA LA LA LA A ts __ Figure 2 1 Optimus Basic System System Component Overview The Optimus System Processor The OSP incorporates a Freescale MPC8308 32 bit microprocessor and integral Gb Ethernet switch supporting an internal distributed Ethernet architecture All input unit and expansion chassis communication is accomplished via this isolated internal network The system application runs upon the Linux operating system which offers long term viability and upgradability of the application and the opportunity to quickly incorporate advanced features in response to customer requirements See Appendix Z for FOSS licens
208. red and output when triggered after which the system must be triggered again Note The value for nMS can be overridden by the command which starts the data acquisition process See the ADx commands for additional details Range 0 to 65000 MSd The Measurement Set Delay the interval between pressure Measurement Sets Note Specifying a value less than or equal to the time required to acquire a pressure Measurement Set will cause this parameter to be ignored Range O to 600000 milliseconds 10 minutes Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 78 Host Operation and Programming Continued TRIG The Trigger Mode specifies the hardware or software event which will trigger the acquisition of data This parameter accepts either the mnemonic or numeric values listed below FREE 0 Free Trigger Data will be acquired according to the nFR nFRez FRd aMS MSd parameters Note The following two values for TRIG require a digital signal edge transition to be applied to the Trigger In BNC connector located on the back panel of the OSP The ADx command must have been executed prior to the trigger input edge for the trigger to be active ITRIG 1 Trigger the Initial Measurement Set and continue acquiring data as specified by the nFR nFRez FRd nMS MSd parameters ATRIG 2 Trigger Every Measurement Set explicitly using the nFR nFRez FRd parameters to create the Measurement Sets MSd is irrelevant
209. rogramming Page 138 Host Operation and Programming Continued sPort The three 3 digit number indicating the mSDI connector number and the port number of the scanner to be placed at this Measurement Set index The first digit is the connector number on the mSDI to which the scanner is attached and the final two digits are the port of the scanner Ex 101 is Scanner 1 port 01 The OP2 command permits entry of an implicit range of ESP scanners and their ports as well as an arbitrary list of individual ports from the ports defined in the SD3 command for this Table Ex 101 132 is the inclusive range of scanner one 1 port one 01 through scanner one 1 port thirty two 32 and 101 832 is the inclusive range of scanner one 1 port one 01 through scanner eight 8 port thirty two 32 implicitly including all channels of the intervening six 6 scanners that may be defined in an SD3 command The sPort parameter is either repeated or configured as one or more contiguous ranges that include all scanners and pressure ports which coefficients are to be included in the output array If any of the specified scanner ports are not in the scan list an error will be declared and no array data will be returned Example 1 Retrieve the Conventional or DTC Final Pressure Equation zero coefficient calculated during the most recent calibration of scanner number one 1 ports one 1 through eight 8 listed in Table two 2 fo
210. rom non volatile storage into working memory the Coefficient Table During a PCU or PSU calibration the process is reversed the coefficients are written to the Coefficient Table and then the entire table is copied back to non volatile memory PCU and PSU coefficients are accessed by their Calibration Table Index a positive integer parameter used in commands such as PC3 PS3 and OP6 or by their Feature Number a negative integer parameter used in commands such as LA3 or DP2 Table 8 1 documents the coefficients and operating parameters available within each PCU and PSU organized by the type of pressure standard installed within the instrument The values found within the Coefficient Table are either static or dynamic Those identified as dynamic are primary data the output of the sensor or calculated values Static values include the type of pressure standard and the Full Scale Range of the pressure standard These two parameters are determined by hardware selection switches located on the circuit boards within the PCU or PSU These switches are not changed outside of the factory The remaining static values are operating parameters the pressure conversion coefficients for the pressure standard averaging window or integration interval and the frequency of the clock and counter circuits Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Page 215 Appendix D Continued w amp a e e D 5 ct O c D a N Coefficient Index
211. ror It is also possible to disable the Responses to the SC2 command itself Response Confirmation Error Packet Format SC2 CmdTyp CmdTyp Mode Where CmdTyp The Command Type for which to disable responses Specify one command or a range of commands Value Command Type is also the Response Code for that command as documented in Appendix A An inclusive range of commands may be specified using the hyphen to separate the first and last values in the range lx SDx SDU s SDx Initialize commands ox PCx PCU s PCx Initialize commands 10x ADx Acquire Data commands 11x ODx Output Data to Host commands 12x CAx Calibration commands 13x OPx Output Parameter commands 14x CVx Valve Control commands Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 171 Host Operation and Programming Continued 16x CPx Calibration Parameter commands 17x SPx System Processor commands 18x SCx System Communication commands Each command type may include up to nine 9 individual commands the x in the command type format above can be any value between zero 0 and nine 9 inclusive to suppress or activate the responses from specific commands Mode The Mode parameter selects whether to enable or disable Confirmation Error responses Value O Disable Value 1 Enable Example 1 Disable the Confirmation Error responses for the AD2 command SC2 102 0 Example 2
212. rse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Empty Line Illegal Command ID Bad Data Type Parameter is Missing Value Too Low Value Too High Upper Range Too Low Upper Range Too High Upper Val lt Low Val Bad Name for Parameter Need Integer Number Need Floating Point Illegal CRS CRS Defined Different CRS Should Be Odd Bad Sensor Port Bad Upper Port Upper Port lt Lower Port Bad Scanner Bad ESP Only ESP Are Allowed Bad Upper Scanner Bad Logical Range Legal Values O 1 Legal Values O 2 Illegal Voltage Defined To Many Parameters Non Volatile Memory Empty Non Volatile Memory Error Use OD3 0D4 Command No Module this CRS Module Defined Different CRS Not OFIU CRS Not PCU No Module to Initialize Module Not Initialized SD1 or SD2 No
213. ry against the coefficients in the Table indicated by sTBL actx O Read All of the coefficients from the DTC ESP scanner non volatile memory into the Table indicated by sTBL actx 1 Write the Adjustable Group coefficients for all ports from the indicated Table into the DTC ESP scanner non volatile memory When actx 1 a value of one 1 0 for the optional x x parameter is used to clear the Adjustable coefficients to their default values of zero 0 and one 1 for Cz Offset and Cs Span correction respectively When actx 2 Write All of the coefficients for all ports in the indicated sTBL into the DTC ESP scanner non volatile Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 93 Host Operation and Programming Continued When actx 3 Erase All completely erase the non volatile memory within the scanner or scanners defined in the indicated table It is important to clear the Table and re initialize the system such that only the one scanner to be erased are defined in the SD1 and SD3 commands before erasing non volatile memory Failure to include only one scanner in the scan list will erase all scanners in the scan list The most common use is to identify bad data during a erase write read and verify operation sequence The optional x x parameter is not normally used for actx except to modify or read the scanner Header port zero 0 0 or Trailer scanner last port 1 data Ex To read the Trailer data
214. s Perform a Zero only calibration of all scanners assigned to LRNs 1 2 and 3 CA2 1 3 Re Zero the ESP scanners associated with LRNs 1 2 and 3 Example 2 Using the same configuration described in Example 1 perform a Zero only calibration for only LRN 2 leaving the previously adjusted coefficients for LRNs 1 and 3 unchanged CA2 2 Re Zero only those ESP scanners associated with LRN2 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 131 Host Operation and Programming Continued CA3 Start Full Pneumatic Pressure Calibration This command performs a full pneumatic calibration of any scanners associated with the specified LRNs For Conventional ESP scanners it calculates new offset span and depending upon the number of calibration points specified in the LRNs PC2 command up to 3 additional non linearity coefficients These coefficients convert raw pressure values in A D counts directly to EU values with a single polynomial equation The interval between calibrations of Conventional ESP scanners depends on rate of temperature change in the scanner environment It is recommended that an initial calibration occur after system and scanner warm up and prior to the first Data Acquisition command For maximum accuracy perform new calibrations at two hours intervals or more often if the temperature environment changes significantly DTC scanners and Conventional ESP scanners should not share LRNs as it is impossi
215. s can some of the intermediate calculated values All values required for calibration and verification of the PCU or PSU performance are accessible through the LA3 command Periodic calibration is recommended to check and potentially adjust PCU or PSU offset and span The Resonant Quartz transducer measures a force generated by external pressure and is also sensitive to force transmitted to the sensing element via acceleration or vibration Calibration laboratories should be aware of this sensitivity and account for it using appropriate process and procedure Temperature correction coefficients do not require adjustment and are valid for the life of the sensor Appendix D PCU PSU Coefficients and Equations Page 220 Appendix D Continued HASS High Accuracy Silicon Standard HASS Transducers contain a piezoresistive silicon sensor encapsulated within a temperature controlled housing The sensor measures a true differential pressure applied between its positive and negative inputs and is typically ranged fifty 50 psid or less Many HASS PCUs and PSUs were designed to operate at a high line condition a condition or application characterized by a having a common mode pressure greater than one 1 Bar HASS pressure standards have been rated for operation at 1 4 5 or 10 Bar which can be determined by the model number of the PCU or PSU The output of the HASS sensor is a differential voltage proportional to the pressure applied and a s
216. s command the system will not be able to calculate Engineering Unit values for ESP scanner ports A new pressure calibration must be performed for conventional scanners using the CA3 command and the DTC coefficients must be extracted from the DTC ESP scanners non volatile memory using the SD5 command Response Confirmation Error Packet Format OPO TabTyp Where TabTyp the Table Type selecting which tables are to be cleared Value O All tables are cleared voltages and coefficients Value 1 Clear Raw Voltage Data Tables Only Example 1 Clear the raw voltage data tables acquired during a Conventional ESP scanner calibration OPO 1 Erase the calibration voltages for all conventional ESP scanners Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 135 Host Operation and Programming Continued OP1 Output the Table Calibration Voltages During a full calibration PCUs set a sequence of pressures specified by the PCUs PC2 command and voltage values A D counts corresponding to those pressures are acquired for every ESP port The OP1 outputs the voltage data acquired during the most recent calibration for any and all ESP scanner ports in the specified Table The OSP uses these data to calculate new coefficients for each scanned port for Conventional scanners and to adjust the Zero C and Span C DTC scanner coefficients The data will be an array of IEEE Floating point numbers having two 2 di
217. s in the sequence numbers indicates that the system has lost packets and the source of the issue should be identified and resolved either by improving the performance of the host application or by slowing the data rate of the Table Important All initialization commands for each input unit must have been completed before issuing this command Continuous data acquisition i e Measurement Sets zero 0 is a permitted configuration for this command Response Stream Data Packet Format AD2 sTBL nMS Where sTBL A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer A single table can encompass multiple OFIUs Range 1 to 4 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 153 Host Operation and Programming Continued nMS The Number of pressure Measurement Sets to be acquired when the Optimus is commanded to acquire data The Measurement Sets are acquired and emitted to the host at Measurement Set Delay intervals Value zero 0 specifies that the OFIU will acquire data continuously without bounds when triggered until explicitly commanded to stop acquiring data Value zero 0 specifies that number n Measurement Sets will be acquired and output when triggered after which the system must be triggered again Example 1 Acquire and output Measurement Sets as configured in Table 1 AD2 1 Example 2 Acquire
218. s of ESP scanners or PCU reset commands CA1 1 250 0 CALOUT 1 Instruct the PCU which PC1 command has defined it as LRN 6 to set and maintain 250 psia on its normal output port Maintain the pressure until explicitly commanded to set another pressure value Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 129 Host Operation and Programming Continued CA2 Start Re Zero ESP scanner Pressure Calibration This command performs Re Zero calibration for the ESP scanners associated with the specified Logical Ranges LRNs The ESP scanners in the specified LRNs must either be TDC ESP scanners which coefficients have been loaded from the DTC ESP scanner non volatile memory or Conventional ESP scanners which have had a Full calibration CA3 performed The CA2 adjusts the lowest order offset coefficient term The command specifies none or more individual Logical Range Numbers which will be acted upon Each LRN listing identifies a PCU and a group of ESP scanners associated with it Specifying LRN O or not specifying an LRN will imply that all configured LRNs are to perform a Zero only calibration A maximum of seven 7 LRNs may be specified in the CA2 command line DTC scanners and Conventional ESP scanners should not share LRNs as it is impossible to perform both DTC and Conventional corrections within the same LRN The OP2 command is used to examine the new Offset correction coefficients OP2 returns the values cO or Cz fo
219. s one or more contiguous ranges that include all scanners and pressure ports which voltage data are to be included in the output array If any of the specified scanner ports are not in the scan list an error will be declared and no array data will be returned Example Retrieve the voltages acquired during the most recent calibration of scanner number one 1 ports one 1 through sixteen 16 listed in Table one 1 for the OFIU located at OSP CRS 114 OP1 114 1 101 116 Return the calibration voltages acquired for ports one 1 through sixteen 16 of the Conventional ESP scanner attached to connector one 1 of the OFIU and mSDI at OSP location CRS 114 that are listed in Table one 1 Example 2 Retrieve the voltages acquired during the most recent calibration for all of the ESP scanner pressure ports listed in Table one 1 for the OFIU located at OSP CRS 114 OP1 114 1 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 137 Host Operation and Programming Continued OP2 Output the Conventional ESP scanner Zero Coefficient and the DTC ESP scanner Cz and Cs adjustable Coefficients During a full calibration PCUs set a sequence of pressures specified by the PCUs PC2 command and voltage values A D counts corresponding to those pressures are acquired for every ESP port The OP2 outputs the coefficients calculated after the most recent calibration for any and all ESP scanner ports in the specified Table The
220. s running Important When the ATRIG Trigger Mode is used data acquisition will not terminate until after the next Measurement Set is triggered Response Confirmation Error Packet Format ADO No modifiers or additional parameters are required Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 152 Host Operation and Programming Continued AD2 Acquire and Output Data to the host application Acquire data from all input units units specified in the indicated Table The Measurement Sets are immediately output to the host application as they are received from the various input units The number of Measurement Sets received is determined by the number of input units initialized for the specified Table and the nMS parameter defined in the SD2 or PS2 commands or the override nMS specified with the AD2 command When the AD2 command completes i e all of the requested data packets have been transmitted a Confirmation Error Packet is sent indicating command completion The Optimus data acquisition rate may be higher than the read rate of the host application If more data is being acquired than can be received by the host application the OSPs buffering memory may be exhausted A buffer overflow condition can cause the Optimus to drop measurement sets an occurrence that can be identified by the evaluation of the Measurement Set sequence numbers Measurement Set sequence numbers should increase monotonically Gap
221. scanner The DTC ESP scanner will be configured for Sensitive Mode operation before disabling the DTC scanner features SD1 111 1 16 1 2 64 2 SD5 111 2 SD2 111 1 1 O 100 0O FREE PAM 2 SD3 111 1 101 116 201 264 Since the Conventional ESP scanner and the DTC ESP scanner are treated in the same manner a full calibration is required before EU data can be output A PC1 PC2 and CA3 command would follow these SDx commands to complete the required configuration In order to re enable the DTC function a full System Reset is required Example 2 Change the ratio of Temperature data sets to Pressure data sets This is a global change affecting all Tables Configure the scan list of Table 1 for the OFIU and mSDI at OSP CRS 111 to scan and output data for two 2 ESP scanners The ESP scanner attached to mSDI connector 1 has 32 pressure ports a full scale pressure range of 1 psid and is a DTC scanner The ESP scanner attached to mSDI connector 2 has 64 pressure ports a full scale pressure range of 5 psid and is a DTC ESP scanner Table 1 will be set to acquire one thousand 1000 un averaged single frame measurement sets at 10 millisecond intervals The Temperature data set for all DTC scanner ports will be updated every one hundred 100 Pressure Sets effectively once per second SD1 111 1 32 1 2 64 2 SD2 111 1 1 O 1000 10 FREE PAM 2 SD3 111 1 101 264 SD5 111
222. st Operation and Programming Page 65 Host Operation and Programming Continued PC1 Configure a PCU s Pressure Generation Parameters PC2 Define a PCU s Calibration Pressures PC3 Modify a PCU s Internal Coefficients PC4 Change a PCU s Pressure Units PC5 Build a PCU s Internal S100 Table PS1 Configure a PSU or PCU for DAU Operation PS2 Define a PCUs or PSUs DAU Setup Parameters PS3 Modify a PSUs Internal Coefficients PS4 Change a PSUs Pressure Units SC1 Set SRQ EOI Mode for Host Data amp Specify IP Address or RESET SC2 Enable Disable Host Responses from Selected Commands SC4 Enable Disable Host Command Echo amp Specify Subnet Mask SD1 Configure an OFIUs Scanners SD2 Define an OFIUs Setup Parameters SD3 Define an OFIUs Scan List SD4 Manually enter an OFIUs EU Conversion Coefficients SD5 Load or Store OFIU DTC Scanners EEPROM Coefficients or Force an OFIU to treat DTC ESP Scanners as Conventional ESP Scanners or Turn OFIU Temperature Sets Off On or Periodic SPO Clear Reformat Default Memory SP1 Copy Initialize Commands To From Default Memory SP2 Enable Disable AUTO Initialize On Start Up SP3 Execute a system configurations Initialization Commands SP5 Display Set Date Time Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 66 Host Operation and Programming Continued Host Commands By Purpose INPUT UNIT INITIALIZATION COMMANDS SD1 Configure an OFIUs
223. stem being the instrument which calibrates the ESP scanners PCUs are semi autonomous capable of maintaining a stabile output pressure for extended periods of time This capability has been used to accomplish a number of tasks which can be difficult to achieve with any other device In order to operate as a pressure controller a PCU must be configured with a PC1 command The PCU can then be commanded to set a pressure and maintain it continuously The PCU may also be commanded to return the instantaneous value of the pressure being set though it should be noted that the control loop is interrupted while the pressure is being calculated by the microprocessor in the unit potentially causing some variation in the output for short intervals In order to enable calibration of ESP scanners a PC2 command is also required Whether a PCU is being used to generate an arbitrary pressure or a sequence of pressures to calibrate ESP scanners the control logic within the unit operates in the same manner The unit utilizes a lookup table to set an initial pressure and then uses readings from the pressure standard to close on the requested value Once the pressure is within the requested tolerance a comparator circuit continually corrects the output of the controller Appendix C PCU PSU Operation Page 207 Appendix C Continued Terminology l Pressure Standard a The precision sensor within the instrument DH Transducer a A
224. t a B Cal Referencing the table in Appendix D use the OP6 command to retrieve the two 2 following Quartz coefficients a B and To Indices one 1 through three 3 Write the Quartz coefficients back to their respective memory locations using the PC3 command Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 240 Appendix E Continued Temperature Compensated Quartz Use the true pressure and measured pressure values to derive a first order fit for the data P Cal X Cal Where Cal The Offset Term Cal The Span Term Referencing the table in Appendix D use the OP6 command to retrieve the three 3 following Quartz coefficients C Index five 5 D Index eight 8 T Index ten 10 Calculate new values for C and T using the old values for C D T and the coefficients Cal and Cal T T Cal T 2C C C Cal 1 1 6D 1 0 2D Cal Write the Quartz coefficients back to their respective memory locations using the PC3 command Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 241 Appendix E Continued Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 242 Appendix F System Error Codes 27 29 30 31 32 37 39 44 53 54 55 57 58 59 60 62 66 67 Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Parse Verify Command Pa
225. t The PC3 and PS3 commands are instead used for modifying the coefficients stored in non volatile memory within each PCU or PSU These commands are the same whether executed by PCUs or PSUs Both alias command names PC3 and PS3 are provided as a convenience Purpose PCUs and PSUs retain all operating parameters and functions used for temperature compensation and engineering unit data conversion within the unit s firmware The PC3 and PS3 command updates the pressure coefficients when the standard is re calibrated in a lab or if the firmware is changed The factory provides coefficients in psia or psid but they can be changed to any desired units by using an appropriate conversion factor via the PC4 or PS4 Important The PCU or PSU should be calibrated at least once per year based on the manufacturers recommendation Response Confirmation Error Packet Format PC3 CRS Term Necv And PS3 CRS Term Nev Where CRS Cluster Rack Slot A numeric representation of the physical location of a PCU or OFIU within the Optimus System chassis Range Dependent on the Chassis in which the PCU is installed Typical values are 211 213 215 and 217 for an RP Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 114 Host Operation and Programming Continued Term A Term Index the Coefficient Number to be updated in the PCU or PSU coefficient table Range 1 to 60 for High Accuracy Silicon Sensor HASS trans
226. t Executed PC1 Not Executed Too Many Sensors Sensor Not Defined Appendix F System Error Codes Page 243 Appendix F Continued 68 69 71 72 74 75 107 108 109 112 113 114 115 162 163 165 166 167 168 169 170 175 176 177 178 Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Command Execute Host IO Host IO Host IO Host IO BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication BP LS RP Communication Ports Limit 1024 Port Not Defined PCU LRN Undefined Bad Property Type Data Table Not Defined SDU Table Not Defined No CONTINUOUS Acquisition DATA Not Acquired Too Many DATA Packets Data Acquisition Aborted Calibration Running Pressure Not Reached CAL Pressure Undefined No Calibration Data Bad Data Some Ports No Calibration Coefficients Calibration Aborted Calibration Not Running Command w o Effect Bad Output Format Exe Not Implemented Bad Message to Host DMA Output Error Low Memory Input
227. t by the PC4 command A new PC1 and PC2 command must be executed for a PC4 units change Issuing a PC4 prior to execution of a PC1 and PC2 requires that the LRN be specified rather than the CRS of the PCU _Designation _ a ae re ee into CT a ee ee CO ee o e Oom i S a Es E amo o oo C ee E or ee ee a o ee tsei Undefinea e e E e e E pu e e Undefined Conventional ESP scanner EU conversion coefficients generated by a CA3 Full Calibration in native PSI units or in the units selected with the PC4 command executed by the PCU that calibrated the scanner A new Full Calibration CA3 is necessary after a PC4 command changes a calibrating PCUs units DTC ESP scanner coefficients are in PSI units When they are uploaded into the OSP by an SD5 command the Final Units Multiplier conversion factor is changed according to the executed PC4 DTC coefficients must be uploaded again and then adjusted by a CA2 offset correction calibration or CA3 full calibration after a PC4 command changes a calibrating PCUs units Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 116 Host Operation and Programming Continued Purpose This command selects the engineering units to which all pressure data are converted for the specified PCU or PSU Two table entries are meant to have their conversion parameters specified entirely by the user Other standard table entries may be used as is or modified if desire
228. ta Packet Format OP3 CRS STBL sPort sPort Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the OFIU is installed within the OSP Range 111 to 114 sTBL A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer A single table can encompass multiple OFIUs Range 1 to 4 Negated to return DTC ESP scanner factory calibration coefficients Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 141 Host Operation and Programming Continued sPort The three 3 digit number indicating the mSDI connector number and the port number of the scanner to be placed at this Measurement Set index The first digit is the connector number on the mSDI to which the scanner is attached and the final two digits are the port of the scanner Ex 101 is Scanner 1 port 01 The OP3 command permits entry of an implicit range of ESP scanners and their ports as well as an arbitrary list of individual ports from the ports defined in the SD3 command for this Table Ex 101 132 is the inclusive range of scanner one 1 port one 01 through scanner one 1 port thirty two 32 and 101 832 is the inclusive range of scanner one 1 port one 01 through scanner eight 8 port thirty two 32 implicitly including all channels of the intervening six 6 scanners that may be defined in an SD3 command The sPort parameter is either rep
229. ted by a hyphen Value Positive non zero Integers Defined by the documentation for the type of instrument The listing of available Terms is in the PCU coefficient Appendix and also the calibration process documentation Example Retrieve the Coefficient Terms 1 through 60 from a PCU located at RP CRS 211 OP6 211 1 60 Return the first sixty Coefficients from the PCU loated at CRS 211 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 149 Host Operation and Programming Continued OP7 Output a PCU s Internal S100 Table Extract the S100 Table values generated by the PC5 command from a PCUs internal non volatile memory The S100 Table is a listing of Pressure values and DAC settings used to establish an initial set point when a PCU is instructed to set a pneumatic output This command is used to evaluate the table asa method for troubleshooting the operation of a PCU Response Array Data Packet Format OP7 CRS Term Term Where CRS The Cluster Rack Slot number the physical location where the PCU or PSU is installed within an RP chassis Range 211 to 217 Term The Term Index lookup Table number being requested as a unit value or an implied contiguous range indicated as a first and last Term separated by a hyphen Range 1 to 67 inclusive Example Retrieve the entire S100 Table of a PCU in RP Slot CRS 211 OP7 211 1 67 Return the sixty seven 67 values s
230. ted by the PCU while recording the resulting voltage output by the ESP scanners in response to each of the pressures The PC2 command for configuring the Calibration Pressure sequence is PC2 211 0 0 11 25 22 5 33 75 45 007 To re cap this command specifies that The PCU located at Remote Processor chassis location CRS 211 will set the listed pressures in the specific order when a calibration of ESP scanners is requested The parameters of this PC2 command explicitly state that the PCU is located in the first two slots of the first Remote Processor chassis and lists the ESP scanner Calibration Pressure values and the sequence in which they will be set Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 35 Theory of Operation Continued The ESP scanner Calibration Process After the Optimus has been configured having received appropriate SD1 SD2 and SD3 commands for each of the OFIUs and also PCl and PC commands to each PCU the system is ready to be calibrated deriving fresh coefficients for each pressure port of the ESP scanners in preparation for data acquisition Both DTC and Conventional ESP scanners are calibrated using PCUs though the requirements for each differ slightly Conventional ESP scanners require a full calibration using the CA3 command in order to calculate the necessary pressure conversion coefficients DTC ESP scanners contain factory derived calibration coeffici
231. terface with an external valve assembly PN 84SA A PCU must be located within the slot to which this connector is routed For example if connector J2 is populated a PCU must be installed in the first slot of the RP Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 49 Installation and Setup Continued RP J9 Connector The J9 connector is labeled Local IEEE 488 It is not a standard GPIB interface and cannot be used to control the chassis or input units directly It is used to provide local communication to Local Slaves that may be connected to the RP RP J10 Connector The J10 connector is labeled serial interface RS 485 It is attached to connector J2 of the OSP using a serial cable and provides control for the RP chassis and the PCUs within its slots Up to three 3 RPs can be connected via a single daisy chained RS 485 cable for system expansion RP J12 and J12A Connectors These connectors are labeled as Remote Power They are used to attach Local Slaves to the Optimus System Remote Processor RP J13 J14 J15 J16 J17 and J18 Connectors These connectors are unused by the Optimus System Optimus User Manual Installation and Setup Page 50 Installation and Setup Continued RP Pneumatic Interconnections Pneumatic interface connections are essential and critical for proper operation of PCUs and PIUs There are four 4 classes of pneumatic interconnection Attention Verify all input connections paying particular
232. the Measurement Set to the host computer and repeat the process every one hundred 100 milliseconds until commanded to stop The SD2 command is not dependent on the number of ESP scanners or the number of ports on those scanners In this example the Measurement Set will have 64 values contained within it one 1 for each of the ports of the ESP scanners specified in the SDI command and each port value will be the average of ten 10 samples Frames acquired as rapidly as the OFIU can traverse the Scan List The Measurement Sets will be transmitted on one hundred 100 millisecond intervals Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 30 Theory of Operation Continued Once the SD1 and SD2 commands have been sent the SD3 command completes the configuration of the OFIU The SD3 command applies to a single OFIU and its mSDI at a specific location within the system chassis specified by the CRS Cluster Rack and Slot number SD3 specifies the order of ESP scanner port data contained within the Measurement Sets being transmitted by the Optimus Though one can direct that the ESP scanners port data be returned in any order it is typically returned in an array having the first value being the first port of the first ESP scanner progressing incrementally through the last port of the last ESP scanner The form of the SD3 command from the Programmers Reference chapter of this User Manual is
233. the Packet Header Byte 4 Byte 5 High Byte __ tow Byte Table 5 5 Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 185 Appendix A Continued When using the c structures described earlier the long integer and floating point values can be decoded using the ntohl network to host order long function as follows A ec structure struct sHeader char RespCode char RespType char MsgLength 2 struct sPacket struct sHeader header Char payload packet Union uSingVal long 1Value single sValue singval Singval 1Value ntohl long amp packet payload And of course the floating point value can be retrieved using singval sValue Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 186 Appendix A Continued One Dimension Array of Values A one dimension array of values is returned in four 4 of the Response Types 1 0x10 the RAW Stream Data two 2 byte short integer values 2 Ox11 the RAW Stream Data three 3 byte long integer values 3 0x12 the RAW Stream Data four 4 byte long integer values 4 0x13 the EU Stream Data IEEE 754 float values In all of these packets the array and the Measurement Set it represents are described by a Stream Data Header The Stream Data Header The four 4 bytes following the Packet Header Byte 4 Byte 5 Measurement Set Number Number of Values Table 5 6 The Measurement Set Header follows the Stream Data Header completing the descriptio
234. the mSDI from a Remote Power Supply RPS using a separate cable The OSP can contain up to four 4 OFIUs and thus be attached to up to four 4 mSDIs requiring up to four 4 RPS Optimus User Manual Introduction Page 11 Introduction Continued Expansion chassis can be added to the system each capable of accommodating up to four 4 input units pressure calibrators and pressure standards These expansion chassis are available in two types Remote Processors RP and Local Slaves LS An RP contains its own power supply and communicates with the OSP via a dedicated RS 485 cable Up to three 3 RPs may be added to the system An LS takes its power from an RP via cable and so it must be located in close proximity to an RP An LS chassis communicates with an RP via a General Purpose Interface Bus GPIB independent of the OSP serial communication link Up to seven 7 LS racks may be connected to one RP Input units that may be installed in either an RP or LS include Pressure Calibration Units PCU which provide precise pressure calibration and performance verification information prior to start of test and Pressure Standard Units PSU which are read only precision pressure standards used to measure tunnel parameters having higher accuracy and precision requirements than the ESP scanners provide It must be noted that pressure standard PSU and pressure generating PCU units each require two 2 slots and that unused slots must be occupied
235. the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer A single table can encompass multiple OFIUs Range 1 to 3 The following six parameters isolated by parenthesis in the template above are unique pairs and are not repeated in the manner of the SD1 scanner definition The use of parentheses in the Format is only to illustrate the pairing of these parameters nFR PCUs and PSUs do not use this parameter since the degree of averaging is accomplished by a coefficient stored internal to the unit Value one 1 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 109 Host Operation and Programming Continued FRd PCUs and PSUs do not use this parameter since the averaging methodology is controlled by code stored internal to the unit Value one 0 nMS The Number of pressure Measurement Sets to be acquired when the Optimus is commanded to acquire data The Measurement Sets are acquired and emitted to the host at Measurement Set Delay intervals Value zero 0 specifies that the PCU or PSU will acquire data continuously without bounds when triggered until explicitly commanded to stop acquiring data Value gt zero 0 specifies that number n Measurement Sets will be acquired and output when triggered after which the system must be triggered again Note The value for nMS can be overridden by the command which starts the data acquisition process See the ADx commands for
236. thod of creation the system does not permanently retain conventional coefficients The Pressure equation has the form P C FC V C VTC CV This equation can be factored for more efficient processing as follows P C V C V C V C V C Where P EU Pressure V scanner port Voltage C Offset Coefficient C Span or Slope Coefficient C C Linearity Coefficients Appendix B ESP scanner EU Pressure Conversion Equations Page 201 Appendix B Continued When the coefficients C through C are retrieved via an SD4 command or output by the system via an OP3 they are expressed as pressure units per volt as shown here Internal to the Optimus however the coefficients are stored as pressure units per A D converter count The raw data from which these coefficients are derived can be retrieved using the OP1 and OP4 commands respectively note that the OP1 command returns volts and so the OP3 coefficients can be directly and consistently compared for validation The system pressure units can be selected by changing the units for the PCU which calibrates a given LRN by using the PC4 command DTC Coefficients DTC ESP scanners in contrast to Conventional scanners do not require a full calibration to generate Engineering Unit coefficients During manufacture the sensors within the scanner are characterized over the temperature and pressure range This process also accounts for potential variations of the sensor excitation and A D
237. tion Example 1 After configuring the scan list of Table 1 for the OFIU and mSDI at OSP CRS 111 load the pressure coefficients for Conventional scanner one 1 port one 01 through scanner one 1 port thirty two 32 The coefficient list for Conventional ESP scanner 1 by port number is 0 15968 1 14263 0 00080 0 00011 0 00000 0 05109 1 15475 0 00035 0 00013 0 00001 SD4 111 1 101 0 15968 1 14263 0 00080 0 00011 0 00000 SD4 111 1 132 0 05109 1 15475 0 00035 0 00013 0 00001 Load the five coefficients CO through C4 for scanner one 1 port one 01 into the Coefficient array for Table 1 of the OFIU and mSDI at OSP CRS 111 Incrementally load the five coefficients CO through C4 for the remaining thirty one 31 ports of scanner one 1 into the coefficient array for Table 1 of the OFIU and mSDI at OSP CRS 111 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 88 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 2 In preparation of re writing Coefficients to non volatile memory within a DTC ESP scanner attached to connector 1 of the OFIU and mSDI at OSP CRS 111 write the scanners coefficients to Table 1 The coefficients will be written to the scanner using the SD5 command The coefficient list for DTC ESP scanner 1 by port number is or Adjustable 0 00000 1 0000 f Pec omana orsa O O Oooo o PD o 10589883_ oossaasre _ me ooo 0 998571 __ mR
238. tion 132 Output Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Data 135 OPO Clear the Pressure Calibration Coefficient Tables 135 OP1 Output the Table Calibration Voltages 136 OP2 Output the Conventional ESP scanner Zero Coefficient and the DTC ESP scanner Cz and Cs adjustable Coefficients 138 OP3 Output all of the Table Coefficients 141 OP4 Output the Calibration Pressures Generated by the PCUs 145 OP5 Output the Scan List of a Table 147 OP6 Output a PCUs or PSUs Internal pressure Coefficients and operating parameters 149 OP7 Output a PCU s Internal S100 Table 150 OP9 Define a Tables Data Format 151 Optimus User Manual Table of Contents Page v of viii High Speed Data Acquisition ADO Stop system Data Acquisition AD2 Acquire and Output Data to the host application Clear Output Stored Data OD4 Output a Tables Measurement Set Size or the available Memory in Bytes OD9 Set the Hosts Data Output Format Live Action Data Acquisition LA1 Look at an ESP scanners Raw Data LA2 Look at an ESP scanners EU Data LAS Look at a PCUs or PSUs Data LA4 Look at Any Input Units Type and Firmware Version or Look at the System Date and Time Valve Control Commands CVO Control a PCUs internal pneumatic Valves CV1 Set the ESP scanners Calibration Valve Position System Communication SC1 Set SRQ EOI Mode for Host Data Specify an IP Address or RESET the System SC2 Disable Host Resp
239. tored in the S100 table of the PCU in RP CRS 211 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 150 Host Operation and Programming Continued OP9 Define a Tables Data Format The OP9 command sets the format of the data returned OPx commands The format stays current until changed or the OSP is reset The format numbers are the same as the Response Type Important The OP5 Command returns the scan table for response types 32 and 35 in integer but it is multiplied by 1 NOT by 1000 Response Confirmation Error Packet Format OP9 dFmt Where dFmt The Data Format of OPx responses a value or word from the list Value 32 INT Long Integer 4 Bytes value x1000 Value 33 FLOAT IEEE Floating point binary numbers Example 1 Set Format to IEEE Floating OPY 33 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 151 Host Operation and Programming Continued Data Acquisition Commands ADO Stop system Data Acquisition The ADO command aborts the Table data acquisition process When it is executed each input unit that is acquiring data is commanded to stop A Confirmation Packet is emitted for the command which is being aborted The system waits for each input unit to report that it has stopped acquiring data An ADO Confirmation or Error Packet is returned within 10 seconds of issuing this command An ADO Error Packet is returned immediately if no data acquisition process i
240. ts labeled C1 and C2 on the rear of the Remote Processors where PCUs are installed to the Cl and C2 control ports on each ESP scanner All PCUs in the system even when located in separate chassis are coordinated when selecting the control pressures This command asserts either C1 or C2 for an arbitrary duration in seconds after which the control pressure line is vented to ambient pressure conserving supply gas Response Confirmation Error Packet Format CV1 ValPos PulDur Where ValPos The position to which the scanner calibration valve is being driven by the control pressure as a numeric or mnemonic value Value 1 CALPOS the Calibrate Position Value O RUNPOS the Run Acquire Data acquisition Position The CALPOS keyword applies pressure to the C1 control pressure and selecting RUNPOS applies pressure to the C2 control pressure Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 167 Host Operation and Programming Continued PulDur The Pulse Duration in seconds the duration for which the control pressure is applied Range O through 199 seconds A value of zero 0 seconds causes the control pressure to be applied continuously until a new state is commanded either with a new CV1 command or via a calibration command such as CA2 or a CAS Example Drive the scanner calibration valves to CAL position using a Pulse duration of 10 seconds CV1 CALPOS 10 Optimus User Manual Host
241. tubing described in the following paragraph Use either wire markers or masking tape and pen Be clear and concise with your notation Failure to document the pneumatic interconnects can cause tubing misconnection which will result in permanent damage to the ESP scanners When testing on a bench it is convenient to keep pneumatics relatively short Cut three 3 individual pieces of 0 063 tubing each being approximately one 1 meter in length Attach one length of tubing to the bulged tubes extending from each of the following connectors on the rear panel of the Remote Processor Cl C2 and Cal 2 Label each of the tubes according to the pneumatic connector to which they are attached Attach a 0 063 T fitting to each of the labeled lengths of tubing Cut six 6 additional pieces of the 0 063 tubing each approximately 10 cm in length Attach the 10 cm pieces of tubing to the remaining bulged tubes of the 0 063 T fittings Attach one 0 063 to 0 040 reducer to each of the free 0 063 tubes extending from the 0 063 T fittings Cut six 6 pieces of the 0 040 tubing each approximately 10 cm in length Attach the 10 cm pieces of tubing to the 0 040 bulged tubes of reducers Noting the labels on each of the pneumatic assemblies attach the tubing to the correct ports on the ESP scanners C1 C2 and Cal The Run and Cal Ref ports of the scanners must remain open and unobstructed Take the time to verify that th
242. types indicated by the Response Type field in the Packet Header All Optimus data is in Big Endian order Generally Optimus data is structured as one of 1 A single value a long integer b IEEE 754 float 2 A one dimension array of values a Two 2 byte short integer b Three 3 byte long integer c Long integer d IEEE 754 float 3 A two dimension array of values a Long integer b IEEE 754 float Appendix A Host Response Formats Page 184 Appendix A Continued Optimus Data Types Single Values A single value is returned in four 4 of the Response Types 1 Type 0x04 the Confirmation Packet 2 Type 0x08 the long integer value Packet 3 Type 0x09 the IEEE 754 float value Packet 4 Type 0x80 the Error Packet In all of these packets the four bytes starting immediately after the Packet Header encode the transmitted value All of the values are in Big Endian order and except for type 0x09 the value is a long integer The Confirmation Packet value will be zero 0 indicating successful completion of a command or a positive non zero value a non fatal warning The long integer and IEEE 754 float value Packets are the returned parameter value a direct response from the command which generated the packet The Error Packet is a non zero negative value the code describing the fault condition which has occurred The System Error Codes can be found in Appendix F The Single Value Packet The four 4 bytes following
243. ues from a PSU Measurement Set A Data Structure created using one or more Frames and transmitted to the host computer connected to the Optimus Data System Table A Data Acquisition profile defining the manner in which a Measurement Set is collected and returned to the host computer A single table can encompass multiple devices Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 100 Host Operation and Programming Continued The PCx commands define parameters that identify and configure all PCUs and PSUs in the system The PCx commands also assign a sequence of calibration pressures to be used for a group of ESP scanners enable streaming of high precision pressure measurements and change the Units of Measurement for a Table Pressure Calibrate and Pressure Standard units PCUs and PSUs respectively are both highly accurate single channel pressure measurement instruments They may participate in the normal Data Acquisition process and are linked toa Table just as an OFIU and mSDI PCUs are capable of generating accurate pressures for calibrating ESP scanners during the Pneumatic Pressure Calibration process PSUs have no pneumatic controls and are incapable of generating pressures Both devices may also be configured as precision read only devices They can be assigned to a Table along with any ESP scanners attached to an OFIU and mSDI and will acquire and output data in response to the same Acquire Data command When con
244. uire and transmit data to the host It is also possible to extract the coefficients that were derived for examination or storage using the OP3 command The data used to derive the coefficients the pressures set by the PCUs and the voltages output by the scanner ports may be retrieved using the OP4 and OP1 commands respectively Optimus User Manual Theory of Operation Page 37 Theory of Operation Continued The Data Acquisition Process The Optimus requires that its components be configured correctly before it will acquire data The requirements are forp Ww cy al dinbi 9 3 OFIU SD1 Q ainss 1 The OFIUs and mSDIs must be defined correctly a The ESP scanners attached must be described and assigned to LRNs in preparation for calibration 2 The PCUs must be defined correctly regardless of whether there are ESP scanners assigned to their LRNs Note Calibration of the connected ESP scanners is not required in order to acquire data Data for un calibrated Conventional ESP scanners will be output in volts scaled according to their full scale pressure range DTC ESP scanners will have their factory coefficients present in the system but they will not achieve their specified accuracy until an offset calibration is performed using the CA command Data is typically acquired in response to an AD2 which acquires and outputs data according to a Table defined by the SD1 SD2
245. ure controller This is accomplished by measuring Atmospheric pressure through Run Reference port and storing the value as the absolute reference relative to which it will set all requested pressure values The sequence of pressures to be applied during the calibration of Logical Range one 1 is defined as differential by the PC2 command PCI 211 1 DIFF 0 001 30 PC2 211 10 5 0 0 5 10 Note An Absolute PCU will always measure and set pressure as an Absolute value When it is operated in Differential mode it accepts the requested pressure value and adds the measured reference value to calculate an Absolute value to be set During an ESP scanner calibration sequence PCUs are commanded to take a new measurement of the reference pressure ensuring that a current value for the absolute reference pressure is used A calibration is requested and since the PCU is configured in Differential mode it receives an instruction to prepare for that process by measuring the Absolute value of Atmospheric pressure The PCU Opens the supply valves K3 K8 and KY to vent the Servo Controller and then Closes K4 to expose the Pressure Standard to the current Atmospheric pressure as applied to the Run Ref port on the back of the Remote Processor The PCU measures that pressure value and stores it as the current Zero Offset value For this example the value of one Standard Atmosphere is assumed 14 7 psia
246. ure on the pressure standard This process takes between 5 and 15 minutes to execute It is important that the Ethernet socket wait for the command completion message Example Build the S100 Table for the PCU in RP slot 5 PC5 215 1 Create a new S100 table for the PCU located at RP CRS 215 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 120 Host Operation and Programming Continued Set Pneumatic Pressure Calibration Parameters CP1 Set the ESP scanners Calibration Valve Mode The ESP scanner calibration process is a choreographed sequence of events requiring all components of the system to perform specific tasks within a defined time span One of these tasks is to call for the control pressures designated Cl and C2 to be set or unset in order to place the ESP scanner calibration valves into the desired state The Calibration valves are physical pneumatic manifolds which translate from the Calibration to the Run state within each individual ESP scanner These control pressure lines must extend from the RP or RPs to the ESP scanners which may be a significant distance In addition the control lines must be physically small having Internal Diameters of as little as 0 040 which restricts the propagation of air pressure change from one end to the other In some installations it may be necessary to increase the amount of time that the control pressure is applied to ensure that the scanners calibration
247. ut is not limited to ANSI Z540 3 and the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement Measurement Specialties offers calibration services for the secondary standards used by Optimus Measurement Specialties customer service department regional sales managers or distributors may be contacted directly for a quotation An Optimus PCU is a digitally controlled pressure generator in which a highly accurate Secondary Pressure Standard measures the pressure produced by the control mechanism The Optimus PSU is a similar highly accurate pressure measuring device that does not incorporate the pressure generation mechanism of the PCU Measurement Specialties calibrates each PCU and PSU at the factory storing the coefficients within the units non volatile storage The instruments are usable directly upon receipt however it is common practice to calibrate them after they are delivered to the end user facility Specifications and Limits Absolute PCUs and PSUs are always evaluated based on the absolute error relative to the primary pressure calibration standard No preliminary adjustment is made to the state of the instrument prior to performing the As Found pressure loading Differential PCUs and PSUs are expected to have been adjusted for offset prior to performing the As Found pressure loading and also prior to recording of calibration data points The Optimus System forces all differential PCUs and PSUs to perform
248. ut of the DH Transducer which drives the Servo controller pressure toward the desired value The pressure generated by the Servo Controller operating on the DH Transducer reduces the rate of change for the Servo Controller closing on a stabile value Appendix C PCU PSU Operation Page 209 Appendix C Continued Upon achieving stability at the initial set point the pressure standard is used to measure the pressure value If the pressure is not within the desired tolerance the DAC setting is changed proportional to the difference between the desired set point and the current value The process iteratively closes upon the desired value Upon successfully setting the requested pressure the PCU notifies the caller of the success and continues to track and hold the requested pressure Example Since this is an example of the operation of PCU the OFIU and ESP scanner configuration will be generalized For the following text presume that the ESP scanners are correctly configured and that they are operating in correctly A PCU having a Full Scale pressure range of 30 psia is identified as Logical Range one 1 by its PC1 command and located in the first slot of the first Remote Processor Cluster Rack Slot address 211 It is assigned to the group of ESP scanners having a full scale pressure range of 10 psid Since ESP scanners are differential pressure measurement devices the PCU is configured to operate as a differential press
249. valuate the error of each point relative to the specified limits Return the integration time or number of samples to average to the default value dependent on the PCU or PSU pressure standard type Reference Coefficient Term 26 in Appendix D Table 1 HASS and Mensor Set Term 26 500 sample average Vibrating Quartz beam Set term 26 2000 sample integration After verifying that the Unit is in tolerance As Found determine the As Left status of the instrument Calculate the new coefficients Evaluate the residual error at each calibration point relative to the specified limits Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 233 Appendix E Continued Application Development The calibration application must perform each of the tasks listed in the flow chart to the right Discover Commands Used psi9000 LA4 Either prompt the user to enter the IP Address of the system and the CRS of the installed instruments or perform an Automatic discovery using the UDP broadcast discovery command and probe for Remote Processors and the instruments installed The UDP broadcast command psi9000 will return the system IP Address and status After establishing a TCP IP socket connection the LA4 command is used to probe for the presence of an RP and the instruments installed within the slots of the RP Configure Commands Used PC1 PS1 PC3 PS3 LA3 CVO
250. when the PCUs have achieved stability at the calibration set point Acknowledging the message will allow the system to progress to the next calibration set point Response Confirmation Error Format CP3 Opt Where Opt The Option whether notification of calibration pressure state will occur Value O or 1 O Default No notification 1 Transmit an SRQ packet as a notification when the PCUs have achieved stability during calibration of ESP scanners Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 124 Host Operation and Programming Continued Example 1 Send an SRQ packet when each calibration set point has been achieved CP3 1 aie Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 125 Host Operation and Programming Continued Calibration Commands The following commands control the system calibration of ESP scanners or the active output of one or more PCUs System initialization must have already occurred prior to using these commands Note All PCUs physically installed within expansion chassis must have been initialized by a PC1 command regardless of whether or not they are used to calibrate ESP scanners The valves within the PCUs are coordinated during calibration of ESP scanners and un initialized PCUs will not be properly configured Calibration failure will occur if PCUs are not properly configured CAO Abort an ESP scanner Calibration or re set a PCU to its default conditi
251. will also have its secondary pressure standard scanned by the Data Acquisition process it must also be initialized as a using the PS1 and PS2 commands after it has been initialized by this PC1 command and subsequent PC2 command A PSU will not be defined by this command Response Confirmation Error Packet Format PC1 CRS LRN PRm Stol maxP Where CRS Cluster Rack Slot A numeric representation of the physical location of a PCU or OFIU within the Optimus System chassis Range Dependent on the Chassis in which the PCU is installed Typical values are 211 213 215 and 217 for an RP LRN The Logical Range Number a number between 1 and 12 that identifies a specific PCU associating it with a group of ESP scanners to be calibrated by it The LRN must be unique for every PCU and PSU in the system Range 1 to 12 Optimus User Manual Host Operation and Programming Page 103 Host Operation and Programming Continued PRm The Pressure operating Mode whether the pressures will be specified and reported as Absolute or Differential units Specifying Differential operating mode for an Absolute PCU instructs the unit to subtract a typically Atmospheric reference pressure from the measured pressure value during operation Differential PCUs cannot be configured as Absolute and will ignore this value if set inappropriately This parameter accepts either the mnemonic or numeric values listed below Valid V
252. x E Continued Turn on the RP power followed by the OSP power Wait for the system to indicate ready on the front panel LEDs Establish a TCP IP connection using the calibration software Configure the item under test A PCU requires a valid PC 1 command In addition valves K3 K4 and K5 must be set properly A PSU requires a valid PS1 command In addition valve K1 must be set properly Change the integration time or number of samples to average dependent on the PCU or PSU pressure standard type Reference Coefficient Term 26 in Appendix D Table 1 HASS and Mensor Set Term 26 2000 sample average Vibrating Quartz beam Set term 26 12000 sample integration Wait for a minimum two 2 hours for the instrument to warm up under this condition Appendix E PCU and PSU Calibration Procedure Page 231 Appendix E Continued While the instruments are warming up create a pressure loading table a list of the pressure points that will be applied to the instrument and if an air piston gauge is being used the weights that will be loaded onto the piston to determine the set pressure Measurement Specialties typically uses A minimum of 11 pressure points All pressure points are Approached from the same direction below with no overshoot Pressure points are spread evenly across the span of the instrument For Absolute standards vibrating quartz beam type the zero 0 intercept is always calculated The lowest pressure po

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