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TypeTool 2.0 User Manual

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1. 101 102 Font Window Options To change Font window options select the Font Window page in the Application gt Preferences dialog box View Options Til Give each cell a caption j Tuning Options W Double click opens Glyph Window Mi Create new window by double click vi Drag drop feature is turned on Mi Smooth glyphs icons Kil Hide all windows with glyphs from inactive fonts Controls on this page are separated into two groups View options and Tuning options View Options Give each cell a caption Use the check box to switch on or off the character cell caption Use the Caption font button to select the font that appears in the caption of the cells Tuning Options Double click opens Glyph Window Switch this option off if you don t want TypeTool to open a glyph in the Glyph Window when you double click on the glyph cell Create new window by double click If this option is on TypeTool will create a new Glyph window when you double click a cell in the Font window characters chart When it is off double clicking a cell will create a new glyph window if there is none but if there already is a glyph window then the glyph in it will be replaced by the glyph from the cell that was double clicked Drag drop feature is turned on Switch this option off to switch off drag drop editing in the Font window Smooth glyphs icons Activate this option to have glyph sample images in
2. e A toolbar with controls for selecting a mode for the Metrics Window importing and exporting metrics files automating metrics or kerning generation a string for metrics or kerning editing and other commands e The table that includes live digital information about metrics or kerning for the current glyph or glyph pair e The editing area where the edited string with controls appears There are three possible modes of the Metrics Window Preview Metrics and Kerning The default is the Metrics mode Use these two buttons in to change the mode of the window Press the M button to switch to the metrics mode glyph metrics are editable but kerning is not K button to the kerning mode kerning is visible and editable and release both buttons to return the window to the Preview mode 221 In the Preview mode you cannot edit the metrics or kerning data of the font You can only preview the sample string and look at the glyphs alignment To change editing modes you can also Crru click the editing area and select a mode for the Metrics window in the popup menu Metrics Window Toolbar This is a simple list of all buttons available on the toolbar S amp S Opens a metrics file PFM AFM or suitcase format 222 Selecting a String for Previewing or Metrics Editing You may want to enter a string of characters to preview or edit their metrics or kerning The easiest way to do this is to enter the string in the e
3. To reverse the selection state of all nodes in the glyph use the Edit gt Invert selection command Using the Magic Wand Tool With the Magic Wand tool you can easily and precisely select contours It is especially useful when you are working with glyphs that have many contours such as Far Eastern ideographs To select the contour with the Magic Wand tool just Cmp click anywhere near the contour You don t need to be precise TypeTool will automatically locate the closest contour To reverse the selection state of the contour hold down the Suirr key and Cmp click anywhere near it m k You can also select a contour and all contours that are inside it Just hold the OpTIoNn key when you using the Magic Wand tool 171 Moving the Selection You can move the selected part of the contour by mouse drag any selected part of the contour or use the arrow keys If you press the arrow key then the selection will move in that direction by one font unit Hold down SuiFt while pressing the arrow keys to accelerate the movement of the selection Copying the Selection Sometimes you need to copy glyphs or parts of glyphs to another place in the font or even into a different font With TypeTool you can put any part of a glyph or an entire glyph with hints guides etc into the Clipboard and paste it into a different place To copy parts of the glyph s outline use the commands from the Edit menu or the but
4. 36 Opening Fonts With TypeTool you can create new fonts or open existing fonts for modification When you open an existing font however please be sure that modifying it does not violate copyright laws some fonts are copyrighted as software so it is not legal to change them in any font editor Carefully read the license agreement that comes with every font You can find two one serif and one sans serif royalty free non copyrighted fonts that you can use as a basis for your own fonts or characters in the TypeTool Samples folder on your CD or on our website www fontlab com Please note that with TypeTool you cannot edit Multiple Master and OpenType fonts If you need to work with these fonts we recommend you try our FontLab product http www fontlab com html fontlab html To open a font for editing select the File gt Open command or click the button on the Standard toolbar You will see the standard Open File dialog box in which you can select a font file to open Note that in this dialog box you will see all the fonts that can be imported Mac Suitcase without extension or dfont Mac Type 1 PC TrueType TTF PC Type 1 in binary PFB and ASCII form PFA and fonts in FontLab formats VFA and VFB From TestFonts CombiNum CombiNumBol 4 CombiNumerals bmap A FLUCaslon dtent 4 FOOD TTF A FuturBooC ott 4 FuturBooCObl otf Georgia otf 4 GeorgiaBlt otf a Kind Document
5. Now it s time to learn how to generate fonts in formats that other programs can understand Please note that you cannot import and export OpenType and Multiple Master fonts If you want to work with fonts in these formats consider using our FontLab product More information about it is available at this web page http www fontlab com html fontlab html Font Formats Macintosh version of TypeTool can work with three font formats and their variations PC Type 1 Sometimes fonts in this format are called PostScript fonts Usually they consist of two or three files a file with the pfb extension and one or two additional files needed by the OS to get information about the font header and font metrics You need Adobe Type Manager to use these fonts on Windows if you are not using Windows 2000 or Windows XP Mac Type 1 On Macintosh computers fonts in this format are always called PostScript fonts Usually they consist of two resource files a suitcase file with at least one bitmap font needed by the Mac OS to get information about the font family and the file with post resources containing font definition data PC TrueType The standard format for Windows fonts since version 3 1 and for the Mac OS The font is stored in a single file that has a ttf extension Mac OS now supports PC TrueType Mac The font is stored in a single resource Pre Mac OS X or plain data TrueType fork on Mac OS X with dfont extension file that i
6. To copy an outline from a vector editing program into TypeTool select the outline object that you want to copy and choose the Copy command from the Edit menu in the source application To place the copied outline in TypeTool switch to TypeTool Glyph Window and select the Paste command from the Edit menu Notes 1 TypeTool can only edit font outlines not features such as color of outline outline width or fill color Regardless of the settings you have in the vector editing application only information about outlines will be copied to TypeTool 2 To see how an outline will look in TypeTool before you copy it in the source vector editing application select the object and set the fill color to 100 black and the width of the outline to none When you paste an outline from another application into TypeTool it scales it to fit the font s UPM To prevent the outline from automatically scaling use the Do not rescale EPS files option located at the top of the Preferences gt General dialog box Do not rescale EPS files on import and export Transform Selection Sometimes you need to scale rotate or slant a whole or part of a glyph outline In TypeTool you can do this using different methods 1 Using the Transformation panel described below 2 Using the basic transform tools 3 Using the Transform Selection operation Using Basic Transform Tools You have access to three basic transform tools Rotate Rotates the
7. pemean Codepages Next is a popup menu that allows you to change the encoding table or codepage for the current font Default Encoding We will talk about encodings later but you could choose a couple different ones from the popup menu and see how the Font window changes That s all about the Font window for now so let s open the Glyph window 27 28 Glyph Window To open a Glyph window for editing individual glyphs you need to create one Remember we started with a new font that doesn t have any glyphs To create a glyph double click on any cell in the Font window You will see that the gray cell which means there is no glyph defined is replaced by a white one which represents a glyph that is defined but contains no image When you draw or paste something into it the white cell will show a small picture of the glyph After the glyph cell is created we are ready to open the Glyph window Select the glyph cell Gust click on it with the mouse button and double click it to open the Glyph window It will immediately appear on screen Glyph 65 A from unnamed font k 252 997 a ak ak bo 60 30 a a0 BO an 1 ta Instead of double clicking you can also use several other methods to open the Glyph window 1 Crrti click the glyph cell and select the Edit in new window command in the context menu 2 Select the glyph and choose New Edit window in the Window menu 3 And finally select the
8. 2 Position the mouse cursor on your first point 3 Press the mouse button and drag the mouse to the second point In the Meter bar you will see the vertical horizontal and direct distance between two points and the angle of the vector connecting these points Hold down the Surrt key while you drag the mouse to constrain the measurement to 15 degree increments While you are dragging the mouse you will see that the Meter cursor sticks to any object that it can find in the editing field 159 160 To measure the distance from a contour 1 Put the mouse cursor on the contour from which you want to measure 2 Press the mouse button and drag the mouse to what you want to measure to Hold down the Suirtr key and the direction of the mouse s movement will be constrained to the normal direction of the contour starting point 3 When you re done release the button With the Meter tool you can not only measure angles and distances but also mark glyph elements with guidelines Press the mouse button while holding down the Comp or Crrt key and measure the distance When you release the button a popup menu appears Select the Add slanted guideline command and a slanted guideline will be added along the meter tool s arrow Note that the next guideline that you drag from the rulers will be parallel to this one Using the Drawing Tool You can create a new contour or you can continue any existing contour If you want to add new nodes
9. Popup Menu Guideline and Hint 198 PostScript 9 55 85 115 213 220 preview mode 33 properties panel baseline 190 component 212 guideline 195 hint 198 metrics 190 node 168 selection 180 R red marks 141 rename 78 Reverse all 245 rotate 1 77 246 Rulers 30 129 S Sample String navigating 224 Scale 247 Searching 76 selection scale 177 selection move 177 properties panel 180 rotate 177 skew 177 slant 178 Set Sidebearings 250 Shift 248 Show Connection mode 146 Control vectors 146 Show Nodes 146 slant 178 193 248 Slant angle 118 Smooth 103 Snap 135 186 splines 44 startpoint 141 suitcase 37 39 84 86 87 125 supercurve 142 Symbol 55 T Tool Add corner 134 Add curve 134 Add tangent 134 Bezier curves 134 161 Edit 134 Edit 134 155 Eraser 134 156 Knife 134 155 157 164 Magic Wand 170 171 Meter 134 159 Zoom 131 Toolbar 18 19 Edit 130 Export Suitcase 88 Font Map 80 Glyph Window 128 Metrics Window 32 222 Show Layers 136 Standard 26 172 Transform 175 Transformation Panel 181 Transformations 241 TrueType 9 37 39 84 85 114 115 220 239 TrueType curves 141 TrueType hinting 9 TrueType instructions 44 98 TIF 37 39 Type 1 9 37 84 85 114 115 196 220 239 Type 1 curves 141 Type Manager 115 TypeTool user interface 10 20 TypeTool 9 Typo Ascender 121 Typo Descender 121 Typo Line Gap 121 U Un
10. current font Using this feature you can create metric and kerning information once and use it in several similar fonts To import a metrics file into TypeTool click the button on the Metrics window toolbar You will see the standard Mac OS Open File dialog box Select the metrics file that you want to import in PFM AFM or suitcase format and press the Open button The Import Metrics File dialog box appears Import Metrics File Import results Import of metrics file Macintosh HO Users alex Documents TestFonts Arial was successful It contains metrics for 687 glyphs 687 of which exist in the current font Overall metrics compatibility is 96 16 Average width difference is 6 Metrics file includes 104 kerning pairs What do you want to do with metrics data _ Do nothing HH d Allowed difference between metrics 10 6 What do you want to do with kerning data _ Do nothing HA What do you want to do with other data Do nothing H Cancel Th The topmost control contains a legend describing the metrics file that you are importing and its compatibility with the current font 237 The options in the Parameters area let you select various metrics importing options What do you want to do with the metrics data Do nothing Do not import metrics data from this file Replace all metrics Import all metrics data glyphs widths and in the current font sidebearings and replace the metrics data in the
11. from the list of standard codepages that are available to the operating system To select the supported codepages automatically press the Auto button TypeTool will analyse the Unicode information available in the font and will automatically detect which codepages this font can support To add a codepage to the list of supported codepages select a codepage in the left list and press the gt Add button To remove a codepage from the list of supported codepages select a codepage in the right list and press the Del button To reset the list of supported codepages press the Reset button The Meaning of Supported Codepages In Mac OS prior to 8 5 and Windows 3 1x this information is not used In Mac OS starting from 8 5 Windows 95 and Windows NT a font that has more than one standard Mac OS Roman or 1252 Latin 1 codepage supported will appear as a font available for different scripts So if for example you set Latin 1 and Cyrillic codepages for a font with the name MyFont in Windows 95 and NT it will appear as MyFont Western and MyFont Cyrillic Type 1 Character Set Type 1 fonts do not have such extensive support for multiple codepages The character names they use to identify characters are mapped to codes through the encoding vector There is one parameter that is used to tell Adobe Type Manager used to support Type 1 fonts in Windows how to interpret the encoding vector This is the Microsoft Character set Some o
12. or ellipse Hold down the Sutrt key to constrain the direction of the rectangle s diagonal to 15 degree increments Release the button to finish creating the rectangle ellipse Text Tool With the Text tool you can add text to a glyph Carefully select the color mode when planning to use the text tool It is usually best to use the Transparent painting color because in that mode the text stroke will not interact with the existing contour and you will be able to adjust its position using the Edit tool or Transform operation Select the Automatic Activation of Transform Operation option in the Paint Options dialog box With this option on the Transform operation will be activated immediately after entering the text string allowing you to modify its size or position To enter a string of text 1 2 Select the text tool T in the Tools toolbar Position the mouse cursor with the crosshair and the suggested rectangle of the future string on the place in the editing field where you want to add the string Click the mouse button In the dialog box enter the character string Use the Font button to select the font that will be used Enter Text SAMPLE Capitals at 300 units cv w Fi 7 y 3 n Font Cancel pmo Below the sample string you will see the name of the current font and the size of the text string The size is presented in font units You can change the string size in the Font dialog box T
13. BTBD ascender descender leading 122 Encoding and Unicode As we mentioned earlier fonts may have very many characters and support a lot of different languages To tell the operating system what codepages the current font can support you set the codepages information TrueType and Type 1 fonts use different methods to identify what codepages a font supports In TrueType fonts you can identify all the supported codepages by setting bits in a special field of the font header In Type 1 fonts you select only one codepage actually encoding vector and it must be compatible with the actual font encoding 123 124 Supported Codepages Supported codepages t Available codepages Supported codepages 1255 Hebrew 4 1252 Latin 1 1256 Arabic ij 1250 Latin 2 Eastern Europe 1258 Windows Vietnamese 1251 Cyrillic 874 Thai 1253 Greek 932 JIS Japan x 1254 Turkish 336 Simplified Chinese 1257 Windows Baltic 5495 Korean Wansung OEM Character Set 950 Traditional Chinese 669 IBM Greek 1361 Korean Johab 666 MS DOS5 Russian Macintosh Character Set US Rom gt 865 MS DOS Nordic oo 4 F a eaim Ss m Character Set Information _ Microsoft Character Set Western Latin 1 CP1252 ANSI Mac script and FOND ID Roman 2001 The operating system needs to know which codepages a TrueType font can support To set this information you select all the codepages that this font can cover
14. Cap Join Fe g Sa OF Body ii m Ss _ Cancel In the Paint Options dialog box you can enter the width of the brush and change the slant angle of a calligraphic brush Additionally you can select how the brush strokes are started and finished Choose the brush s starting and finishing shape by activating one of the radio buttons You can also select the style of the connection between two sequential segments of brush strokes It can be sharp smooth or flat Select one in the Paint Options dialog box Icons near the radio buttons give an explanation of the styles of connections The Body popup menu in the Brush options area lets you to select the shape of the brush stroke 205 206 Line Tool The Line tool allows you to apply brushes to straight line segments To draw a line segment 1 Position the mouse cursor on the beginning point and press the mouse button Move the mouse to the end point and release the button Hold down the Suirt key to constrain the direction of the line to 15 degree increments Ellipse and Rectangle Tools The Ellipse and Rectangle tools are very similar The only difference is in the result To draw an ellipse or rectangle 1 2 Position the mouse cursor on the spot where you want to place one of the rectangle corners or on one of the corners of the rectangle that surrounds the ellipse Press the mouse button and drag the mouse to define the rectangle
15. Description Fontlnfo 111 Designer 112 Directories 17 Double Byte Codepages 82 Drag Drop 38 103 Duplicate 172 E Echo 150 Edit 134 Edit Mode 134 Edit Window change a view in 131 Editing Field 128 Editing hints 197 Editing Kerning 232 Encoding 15 table 54 encoding files custom 56 EPS 9 213 Eraser 134 156 Export Options 94 Exporting fonts 84 glyphs 213 External Programs 23 extremes 186 F font 15 Font Family 15 Font Formats 84 font height 138 Font Info 49 Font Map Panel 80 Font Metrics 252 What are 218 Font window 26 46 62 65 102 128 225 Customizing 102 popup menu 65 selecting 64 Fontlnfo Ascender 118 Caps height 118 Copyright 111 Created by 111 Creation year 111 Descender 118 Description 111 dialog box 106 Family Name 109 Font Name 110 Full Name 110 Italic 109 Italic angle 118 Menu Name 110 Notice 111 Revision 114 Slant angle 118 Style Name 110 TrueType Unique ID 115 TrueType Version 114 Unique ID 115 Vendor Code 115 Version 114 Weight 109 Width 109 x height 118 XUID 115 FontLab 84 2 0 39 2 339 3 0 39 Fonts 34 Multiple Master 40 opening 39 FreeHand 174 G glyph 14 Glyph name 16 Glyph Toolbox 134 Glyph Window 28 127 open 128 glyphs 51 exporting 213 importing 213 graphical primitives 9 green marks 141 Grid 136 191 guideline 195 properties panel 195 Guidelines 1
16. Encoding Tables The Encoding Table defines links between character codes and names assuming that all characters in the font have name based identifiers The table is loaded and stays stored in memory while the font is used Character selection processing consists of two stages conversion of the code to a character identifier and searching the font for the location of the character description with the known identifier Pae exclam exclam i quotedbl quotedbl numbersign numbersign dollar ene percent k A Y percent B A A B B Source text Encoding table Font as sequence TUTI Ur r rrr es ereeees of codes Identification of characters in the font The Encoding Table can also add more flexibility to fonts You can put many more characters into one font assign a unique name to each character and supply several encoding tables allowing you to select different sets of characters in the font when you use different encodings For example in symbol fonts the Greek characters take places that are usually occupied by Latin characters With the encoding tables you can include both sets of characters Just assign the correct names like alpha for the A character and A for the A character and later you can choose the symbol encoding to work with the Greek version of your font or choose Roman encoding to use the Latin characters In TypeTool you can include up to 65 000 characters in a font You can also select any of the pre
17. Macintosh suitcases the Export Macintosh Suitcase dialog You can group several open fonts to collect them in a new destination suitcase or to add them to an existing one To build a proper suitcase one must fill in the fonts Font Info fields properly described in full detail in the Font Header chapter There are several basic rules 1 One suitcase can contain fonts from only one font family This means that the FOND Name fields of all the included fonts must be the same 2 TypeTool designates the Macintosh s bold style for a font if the font s Weight field is set to DemiBold or more 3 TypeTool designates the Macintosh s italic style for a font if the Font is italic checkbox is set 4 Amaximum of 4 fonts can be combined as linked styles style Plain or Normal Mac font style nr o style Bold Mac font style nr 1 style Italic Mac font style nr 2 and style BoldItalic Mac font style nr 3 Building Font Suitcases To save a font in traditional suitcase based Mac Type 1 or TrueType format use the File gt Generate Mac Suitcase command You will see a special suitcase managing dialog box Export Macintosh Suitcase Add x Cf a gt Cy Arial Select destination format Macintosh Type _ Adobe TypeReunion compatible e EET f Options Cancel 87 The Export Macintosh Suitcase dialog box consists of 4 parts a toolbar on t
18. This chapter explains how to modify fonts copy characters change encoding tables select characters for editing and export fonts The Font Header This chapter provides a detailed description of the Font Header data and the TypeTool tools intended to manage it The Glyph Window TypeTool includes powerful outline editing tools that are described in this chapter Editing Font Metrics If you want to create a professional looking font you have to edit the font s metric data The glyphs widths sidebearings and kerning can be edited in TypeTool automatically or manually This chapter shows you how Transformations From scale to autohinting transformation filters can help you instantly expand your font collection This chapter gives detailed descriptions of all the transformations and their usage in TypeTool System Requirements The Macintosh version of TypeTool requires the following hardware and software configurations e a Power PC based computer capable of running Mac OS 9 1 e one of the following versions of Mac OS Mac OS 9 1 or later classic operating system v 9 2 2 is recommended with CarbonLib 1 4 or later or Mac OS X 10 1 or later v 10 2 is recommended At least 14Mb of free space on the HDD and at least 64 Mb RAM TypeTool will start on 32Mb RAM but you will need more RAM to open bigger fonts 11 12 A Note on Intellectual Property Digital fonts are complex computer programs created with a
19. UPM is 1000 C Scale all glyphs according to UPM change The most important field on this page is the Font UPM Let s explain what UPM is and why it is so important The UPM Units Per eM is the basis of all font dimensions The UPM is the number of font units that defines the font height and the coordinate grid on which the glyphs are drawn The bigger the UPM is the more coordinate space you have so you can set more precise positions of points For technical reasons in TypeTool the UPM is limited to 10000 units but we strongly recommend you work with one of the standard UPMs In Type 1 fonts the standard UPM is 1000 units and in TrueType fonts the UPM may be set to any value but the recommended value is 2048 units If you change the UPM value in the Dimensions page of the Font Info dialog box this doesn t necessarily mean that the size of the characters will change For example if you change the UPM from 1000 to 2000 all the glyphs will now be half as big as they were before because they are still dimensioned at 1000 UPM You have to scale all the characters to fit them in the new UPM setting manually or you can switch on the Scale all characters according to UPM change check box and all the font data will be scaled automatically 117 118 Basic Font Dimensions Most important font dimensions biis Ascender 1491 Descender 431 F Recalculate Caps height 1466 x height 1062 _ Copy values to TrueType
20. a table of characters character chart where each character is represented by a single cell Each cell has a caption showing the name of the character or its code in various forms The Title popup menu located on the Font Window footer area None Unicode Index Width Decimal Hex Octal ANSI lets you select one of the caption modes None The caption is not shown Hex The Character code as hexadecimal number Octal The Character code as octal number ANSI The ANSI character that corresponds to the character code The characters cells may have a gray or white background and a gray or yellow caption A gray cell means that there is no character defined for this place in the font I e the character does not exist in this font Instead of the character a sample template character from the TypeTool template font is shown in the empty cell Oode 47 48 A yellow frame and caption in a character s cell means that this character is in the currently selected encoding or codepage see next section Characters that are not in the current encoding or codepage have a gray caption and no yellow frame The small blue mark that appear in the corner of the character cell mean that character has more than one Unicode index assigned Font Window Footer At the bottom of the Font Window you see a footer with four popup menus and two buttons ad Title Name Y Mode Names Default Encoding Use the left three
21. and options and a big table of cells that represent characters and glyphs Each cell has a caption that contains glyph identification information name Unicode index or some other data Cells can also contain little icons that show properties of glyphs but more about that later There are no glyphs in the font that we just created but the Font window nevertheless shows some pictures in the glyph cells These are template images that show which character should be placed in the cell TypeTool has templates for thousands of characters so you will usually know where to place new characters We ll discuss navigation in the Font window later in the Editing Fonts chapter so let s talk about the Font window command bar which is located at the bottom of the window Size Title Name Mode Names Default Encoding Y On the command bar you can easily find a popup and two zoom buttons on the left which allowyou to change the cells size and are described later in this manual Right of the buttons there is a popup menu which allows you to change the information that appears in the character cell s captions At the right of the Title popup menu there is a popup that allows a choice of encoding modes Again a detailed description of this follows Just a few words here any glyph in the font may be identified by a name or Unicode index Two items in the popup menu allow you to choose one of two modes Names or Codepages
22. are located The new encoding will appear in the Encoding selection popup menu the next time TypeTool is used When you change the encoding you will see that the characters in the Font Window are rearranged Some characters will move below the yellow zone Remember that only characters that are in yellow cells are covered by the currently selected encoding vector The Unicode Standard The Unicode Worldwide Character Standard that s the full name of the Unicode standard is a character coding system designed to support the interchange processing and display of the written texts of the diverse languages of the modern world In addition it supports classical and historical texts of many written languages In the Unicode standard a character is identified by a double byte index The standard potentially can cover 65535 characters in a basic plane and much more using plane switching In the current version of the standard 3 2 several hundred thousand indexes are defined That covers almost all currently used languages some historical languages and many pictorial characters TypeTool can only work with Unicode indexes from the basic plane which potentially can cover 65 535 indexes The Unicode standard is used in TrueType fonts as the main character identification method In principle TrueType fonts may be encoded with other standards but in Windows Unicode is always used Until version 8 5 the Mac OS had very limited
23. contour fz Scale Scales the contour 7 Slant Slants the contour vertically or horizontally To transform the outline 1 Select part of the outline you want to transform or undo all selections to transform the entire glyph outline 2 Activate one of the transform tools 3 Position the mouse cursor at the center of transformation press the mouse button and drag the mouse to make the transformation Remember that you can press the key at any time to get a high quality preview of the transformed outline 4 Usethe Suirt and Cmp Suirt keys to constrain the transformation 5 Release the mouse button to complete the transformation of the outline 175 176 Using the Transform Selection Operation To activate the Transform operation click the Transform Selection button E in the Tools toolbar or Crru click the selected portion of a glyph and select Transform in the popup menu Or you can double click on any selected graphical primitive to activate the Transform operation When this operation is activated you will see a transformation rectangle surrounding the selected area If nothing is selected the entire glyph will be subject to transformation Slant handle Rotate handle Center handle Scale handles So what do all these handles mean and how can they be used To move a Selection 1 Position the mouse cursor somewhere inside the transformation rectangle but not on the center handle 2
24. exactly like vector points Off curve points of the TrueType curves have a plus in black white mode or light blue in color mode appearance Connections The type of connection between graphical primitives is very important if you want to keep the contour smooth at appropriate nodes There are two types of connections sharp and smooth At a sharp connection the two connected graphical primitives curve and curve or vector and curve are absolutely free in their angle relative to each other at the connecting node At a smooth connection the direction of the vector and the control vector of a curve or the control vectors of two sequential curves are kept collinear lie on the same straight line I e the angle between the two primitives at the node is fixed at 180 degrees Smooth connection Z 4 Y L 7 Sharp connection It is very important to maintain the smoothness of the glyph s contours at the appropriate places Small corners sharp connections that are invisible when glyphs are small become visible and ugly when you print large text Furthermore rasterizing programs that convert outline glyphs into bitmap images on paper do not like outlines where sharp connections are present in places where the outline should be smooth 143 144 Outline Appearance You can view an outline in contoured or filled mode These modes are equivalent for all editing operations but the filled mode is a little bit slower Howev
25. font but is for your convenience only 49 50 Encoding Modes Support for different character indexing methods is one of the key TypeTool features Here s how it works A font is just a big collection of glyphs that are used to represent many characters more about that in the following section On an average screen the Font Window can show just a few hundred character cells so we need to have some method to browse the font through the Font Window In TypeTool you can choose one of two so called Encoding modes that allow you to select a subset of the glyph collection and show it in the top part of the Font Window for easier access In the following sections you will find more information about encoding modes Unicode and name based identification and the character glyph model Characters Codes and Glyphs A font is a collection of glyphs that usually have a common design Each font has a header that stores top level information such as the font name and style in an organised way Character Mapping Text in digital form is a collection of codes integer numbers When text is entered into a computer we with the help of a text processor program replace characters with codes When text is printed or previewed on the screen the printing program performs the reverse process replacing codes with character shapes glyphs that it gets from the font Text The quick brown Font ABCDEFGHIJKL ab lcidefghijk
26. glyph cell and just press the ENTER key on the keyboard If you have more than one glyph in your font which is normal when you open an existing font and have a glyph window already open when you double click another glyph in the Font window or use any other method of opening a glyph window except the New Edit window command or a button on the toolbar a new glyph will appear in the original glyph window If you need to open many glyph windows simultaneously just hold down the Cmp key when you double click the new glyph cell or otherwise open a new Glyph window You may have as many open glyph windows as you want just close those you don t need so as not have all your workspace covered with glyph windows You may use the Cmp W shortcut to close windows If the current window is the Font window closing it will close the font Glyph Window Contents All windows in TypeTool have a similar layout control panel on the top and main area covering most of the window The glyph window is no exception Click on the small button on the top of the vertical scroll bar H and the Glyph window control area will appear The control area contains zoom selection tools a popup menu and a few toolbar buttons lea meas sess 2555 5 _ m_e leee Lene e eta asse They are used to select the zoom mode of the Glyph window and to choose the Zoom in and Zoom out commands and Undo or Redo commands The main area of the window has scroll bars to change
27. in the Glyph Window using any of the following methods Double click the glyph s cell in the Font Window to open it a ooeo 0061 o If you already have an open Glyph Window with a glyph from the same font the new glyph will be opened in the same Glyph Window replacing the previous glyph Hold the Cmp key down when you double click on the glyph cell to open it in a separate Glyph Window Note that if this method doesn t work it usually means that it is switched off in the Font Window page in the Preferences dialog box You can force TypeTool to always open a glyph for editing in a new Glyph Window Use the Create new window by double click option in the Font Window page to activate this feature CTRL Click in the Font Window and select the Edit in New Window command to open the selected glyph in a separate Glyph Window Click on this button in the bottom left area of the Glyph window to unlock the keyboard and click on the keyboard to open the character for editing You can also type the glyph name if you know it Use the Cmp L shortcut to quickly lock and unlock the keyboard Click the mouse button on the glyph selected in the Font Window and drag it into any Glyph Window Press the or or next glyph The Keys and are equivalents for these buttons Select the Choose Glyph command in the Glyph menu and find the glyph that you want to open Changing the View in the Glyph Window Use the zoom m
28. lowercase characters It is mostly a technical parameter used by the rasterizer to allocate vertical space to render characters WinDescent OS 2 The same as WinAscent but for the lowest line of all normal characters Ascender hhea This value is used by the Mac OS in about the same situation as Windows uses the WinAscent value from the OS 2 table to define the topmost position of all important glyphs Descender hhea In short the Macintosh version of the Windows WinDescent parameter If there are any pixels below this line the glyph will be squashed in the vertical direction to match metrics defined by the Ascender and Descender parameters Line Gap hhea This value is used by the Mac OS to compensate Ascender and Descender values and calculate the correct distance between baselines of the text Refer to the formulas below to see how baseline to baseline distance is calculated 121 Baseline to baseline distance calculation Windows Windows Metric OpenType Metric ascent WinAscent external leading MAX 0 LineGap WinAscent WinDescent Ascender Descender BTBD ascent descent external leading It should be clear that the external leading can never be less than zero Pixels above the ascent or below the descent will be clipped from the character this is true for all output devices Macintosh Macintosh Metric OpenType Metric ascender Ascender descender Descender leading LineGap
29. of the font Version and revision numbers are combined and build a complete version record that appears in Type 1 font headers TrueType name 5 TrueType font version records have a different format You Version may enter the TrueType version record here or just press the Recalc Record button at the right of the field to fill this record automatically You must have the Names and Copyright pages filled in to use the automatic features on this page Press the Apply button at the bottom of the dialog box to enter the new Font Info values into the font s header Basic Font Identification Font identification values 4 a TrueType Unique ID record 1 000 ADBE FLCaslon Type 1 Unique ID number 44825 Type 1 XUID numbers TrueType vendor code ADBE fs Use it as default Adobe Font creation date 1 1 70 gt 00 00 F Now TrueType This field is necessary to identify TrueType fonts Usually it Unique ID includes the creator s name font family name and creation year Record The format of this field is freeform but we recommend that you use the button to fill this field automatically Type 1 Unique An integer number identifying the font Unique ID numbers must ID Record be registered with Adobe Systems However you may leave 0 in this field or enter a value from the users Unique ID zone 4000000 to 4999999 If you enter this value and plan to export Type 1 fonts be sure not to have more th
30. support scaled components H Mirror Mirrors the component sets the scale for x or y direction to V Mirror 100 and adjusts shift accordingly Edit Component Opens anew Glyph Window with the currently active component Properties Opens the Component Properties panel 211 Component Properties You can set the precise size and position of the component CTRL click the component with the Edit tool You will see a popup menu Copy metrics Edit component Properties Select the Properties command in this menu and you will see the component Properties dialog box 6 Component Component circumflex Position Mr 554 Scale x 100 In this dialog box you can select a different glyph to be used as a component and set the component s position and scale The component position is the distance between the composite zero point and the component s zero point gt Tip You may just double click on the component to get the component Properties dialog box 212 Importing and Exporting Glyphs The most common format for contour based data is Encapsulated PostScript EPS Because this format is a native format of a well known contour manipulation program Adobe Illustrator another name for it is Adobe Illustrator format AI If we go deeper we see that EPS is much more common than AI but due to a well defined internal structure AI format has become a standard way of exchanging contour based graphics
31. the Kerning Editing controls visible you must select the pair that you want to edit Position the mouse cursor on the right glyph of the pair in the editing string and click the mouse button You will see the kerning line and handle appear in the editing area Ke 743 I 706 743 D 702 Ig27 TD ese AVAT ay There is now a blue area in the metrics bar at the top part of the editing area This means that kerning exists for that pair in the current preview string Manual Kerning Editing To edit kerning manually you must drag the kerning line or right glyph of the kerning pair using the mouse If you Crri click the mouse button while dragging the glyph kerning for that pair will be removed Using the Keyboard When a glyph is selected in the sample string you can use the left and right arrow keys to change the kerning by one font unit at each key click Hold the Suirt key to change the kerning by 10 font units Use the INSERT and DELETE keys to change the glyph in the string and PAGE Up and PAGE Down keys to move to the previous and next glyph in the string By pressing the CMp PGDN and Cmp PcGUP keyboard shortcuts you can browse the sample strings quickly Using the Table When the kerning editing mode is activated you can see all the glyph metrics and pair kerning information in the editing field Kerning is displayed on the fifth row in the table and each value is positioned between the glyphs that form the kerning pair B
32. the hint s lines Using this procedure you can change the width of the hint Note While you are editing the hint its parameters are shown on the status bar To remove a hint 1 1 Start editing the hint 1 2 While holding the mouse button down press the Crru key and then click the mouse button II 1 Position the cursor on the hint and Crri click the mouse button II 2 Select the Delete command from the popup menu 197 Hint Popup Menu To open the hint popup menu Crri click one of the hint lines The Hint popup menu includes the following commands Reverse Reverses the direction of the hint Delete Removes the hint Properties Opens the hint property panel Hint Commands The Tools gt Hints amp Guides menu contains several commands related to hints Remove Hints Removes vertical or horizontal or all hints This command is duplicated in the rulers context menu Autohinting Automatically generates stem hints for the current glyph Hint Properties Panel To open the hint property panel Cmp click one of the hint lines or CTRL click and choose the Properties command in the popup menu 6 Hint Properties Position 672 l Width 3 In the hint properties panel you can modify the position of a hint in the upper edit box and modify the width of the hint in the lower box Press the ENTER key or click the mouse outside of the properties panel to apply the changes 198 Vertical Me
33. to the existing contour just activate its first or next node The last node of the open contour is activated 1 To add a point just click the mouse button 2 Ifyou want to create a line point just release the button If you want to define a curve drag the mouse to set the position of the curve control vector 3 To adjust the position of the curve control vector without moving the control vector of the previous curve hold Option and drag You can press and release the Option key while you drag the mouse when OPTION is released you are defining the positions of the control vector that belongs to the previous curve and the control vector of the next curve When OPTION is pressed you are not moving the previous curve s control vector 4 When you are adding a new node you can hold the Cmp key to not move the curve control vector but move the node itself 5 Finally you can use the Suirr key at any time to constrain the direction of the line if you are holding the Cmp key or a curve control vector To close the contour just click on its starting point and drag the mouse to set the direction of the control vectors 161 162 Adding Points to a Contour In addition to the Drawing tool you can use three more tools to create a new contour or to add points to an existing contour These tools are Add Corner Add Curve and Add Tangent To create a new contour 1 Activate one of the tools 2 Click an
34. use the Add Corner tool to connect them PT e a L You ll notice it takes more time to read the instructions than to actually perform the procedure 185 186 Outline Actions You can find the actions described below in the Tools menu and in the Glyph Window s context menu Check Analyses an outline and detects the types of connections Connections between outline primitives lines and curves Reverse All Reverses the direction of all contours of the glyph This Contours action can be useful if you want to completely convert a Type 1 glyph to a TrueType glyph In TrueType and Type 1 format the default direction of the contours are opposite Nodes at Automatically inserts nodes at the extreme points of extremes curves We highly recommend that all curves have nodes at their extreme points Snap to Guides Move all nodes on to guidelines hints or grid if they are sufficiently close to them This action will snap nodes only to the guiding layers that are currently visible Merge Contours Combines all overlapping parts of the outline This operation and the two following operations are applied to all contours that have at least one node selected If nothing is selected they will be applied to the whole glyph Get Intersection Leaves only areas that are covered by at least two contours To TrueType Converts all Type 1 3 4 order curves to TrueType 2 4 Curves order curves To
35. used not only to identify characters but also to simplify text sorting conversion of lowercase to uppercase characters spell checking and in many other applications where it is necessary to know which characters are used in the text Because the Unicode character identification standard covers most languages it is usually used as the destination information in the codepage tables Here is an example of fragments from two different codepages that map the same codes to different Unicode indexes MacOS Roman MacOS Cyrillic OxCO 0x00BF OxCO 0x0458 OxC1 Ox00A1 OxC1 0x0405 OxC2 Ox00AC OxC2 0x00AC OxC3 0x221A OxC3 0x221A OxC4 0x0192 OxC4 0x0192 OxC5 0x2248 OxC5 0x2248 OxC6 0x2206 OxC6 0x2206 OxC7 Ox00AB OxC7 0x00AB OxC8 Ox00BB OxC8 Ox00BB OxC9 0x2026 OxC9 0x2026 OxCA Ox00A0 OxCA Ox00A0 OxCB Ox00CO OxCB 0x040B OxCC 0x00C3 OxCC 0x045B Many different codepages have been defined for many languages and different operating systems TypeTool 2 0 includes descriptions for 124 codepages all the known Mac OS Windows OS 2 MS DOS codepages plus a few others like the Polytonal Greek Russian KOI 8 and NeXT Step codepages In TypeTool a codepage is a filter through which you can look at your font to see how it will work in different environments For example you might include many Unicode characters in your font and see how it would work if it was installed in OS 2 with the Arabic language selected This gives you the opportunity to easily
36. vertically align characters In TypeTool the position of the origin point is the position of the left margin in the horizontal direction and the position of the baseline in the vertical direction However you can modify the position of any of the four margins If you move the baseline or left margin line you will shift the entire glyph but as a result the left margin is moved Editing Metrics TypeTool has a special window for editing glyph metrics of course but you can make small adjustments right in the Glyph Window using the main Edit tool To change glyph metrics use the mouse and drag the left or right sidebearing or the baseline In TypeTool you can define a vertical advanced vector for the glyph this information is used in fonts which may type vertically from top to bottom To define a vertical advanced vector press and hold the Suirr key before moving the base line 189 190 Baseline Properties Panel With this property panel you can adjust the position of the glyph s baseline To open it Crru click on the baseline and select the Properties command in the popup menu or just click the baseline while holding down the CMD key on the keyboard Baseline Properties Baseline position To change the position of the baseline 1 Select the base level of the modification It can be the old position for relative offset the top of the glyph or the bottom of the glyph 2 Change the position of the baseline
37. will see a panel that consists of the code picture toolbar and status bar Font Map The buttons on the toolbar mean Turns on off zoom mode Changes the Font Map to double byte codepage mode Updates the contents of the Font Map By clicking the button on the toolbar you can zoom in on part of the Font Map Font Map In this mode it is much easier to manage individual codes To scroll a zoomed Font Map press the mouse button and drag the cursor beyond the Map borders If you click the Font Map you will see the current Unicode index appear on the status bar below the Map picture The current code is highlighted with a cross hair Double click any code in the Map to jump to the glyph that is mapped to it Font Map automatically tracks changes you make to the font If you are not sure that it is correctly updated click on the kd update the Map button to manually 81 82 Managing Double Byte Codepages If you are working on a CJKV the acronym for Chinese Japanese Korean and Vietnamese font you may want to look at your font in a double byte codepage Open the Font Map panel and in the Font window of your font select one of the double byte codepages You will see this button EE enabled in the Font Map toolbar Click it and you will see the Font Map rearrange to represent your font with the applied double byte codepage In this mode every row represents 256 glyphs that are assigned to the
38. 2 134 136 137 139 144 148 151 152 154 155 155 156 157 159 161 162 163 164 165 168 170 171 172 172 175 179 180 181 182 186 187 Metrics Editing Metrics Baseline Properties Panel Metrics Properties Panel Grid Layer Guidelines Layer Editing Guidelines Guidelines Popup Menu Guidelines Properties Panel Hints Layer Editing Hints Hint Popup Menu Hint Commands Hint Properties Panel Vertical Metrics VectorPaint Tools Pen Contour Tool Brush Tool VectorPaint Options Line Tool Ellipse and Rectangle Tools Text Tool Working with Composite Glyphs Decomposing Component Positioning Component Properties Importing and Exporting Glyphs Printing a Glyph EDITING FONT METRICS What are Font Metrics Kerning Metrics Files Metrics Window Selecting a String for Previewing or Metrics Editing Editing Metrics Manual Metrics Editing Using the Keyboard Using the Metrics Table Automatic Metrics Generation Editing Kerning Manual Kerning Editing 188 189 190 190 191 192 193 195 195 196 197 198 198 198 199 200 202 203 205 206 206 207 208 209 210 212 213 215 217 218 219 220 221 223 226 227 228 229 230 232 232 Using the Keyboard Using the Table Automatic Kerning Generation Resetting Kerning Opening Metrics Files Saving Metrics Files Printing a Sample String TRANSFORMATIONS The Transform Dialog Box Transformation Actions Ou
39. 36 192 editing 193 H hint properties panel 198 hinting character level 196 font level 196 Hints 136 196 Editing 197 Illustrator 174 213 Importing glyphs 213 Index 47 INF 95 Intersection 186 ISO Latin 1 55 Italic angle 118 J Join 164 K Kerning 218 219 automatic generation 234 editing 232 manual editing 232 mode 33 resetting 236 Keyboard 21 Knife 134 164 Knife tool 155 157 L License 113 Line Gap 121 Local Toolbar 128 M Mac 120 Macintosh 11 13 18 20 39 55 57 84 86 92 121 125 220 Magic Wand 170 171 Mapping Encoding 54 master font 40 measure 160 Menu 16 Merge 186 Meter 134 159 bar 159 Metrics 188 assistants 9 automatic generation 230 editing 226 files 220 manual editing 227 mode 32 Opening Files 237 properties panel 190 Saving Files 239 Metrics window 31 128 221 Kerning mode 232 Metrics mode 226 modes 221 Preview mode 33 221 Mirror 245 MMM 239 Mode VectorPaint 200 move 177 Move characters 67 253 254 Moving Nodes 148 Multiple Master 39 40 84 N Names mode 53 55 node 141 properties panel 168 Nodes Deleting 155 Inserting 157 Moving 148 selection 170 Non nodes editing 152 Notice 111 O Operation Component Positioning 210 Transform 175 Outline Actions 186 P Panel Font Map 80 Transformation 181 Panels 34 PFA 37 39 PFB 37 39 85 PFM 9 95 220 237 239
40. Essentially the UPM is nothing more than a base value used for proper font scaling and as a base value for the font unit 137 138 A more graphical font parameter is the font height The font height measured in font units is the measurement of the font that is used to align strings in text It is important not to confuse UPM and font height UPM is just a scaling base and for example all Type 1 fonts have the same UPM of 1000 Font height depends on the font design and may be different Fom fey hie a oo TOE e ES le e e e e e e e e e E The font height can be defined as the distance from the bottom of a letter that is partially located below the baseline like the p character and the topmost point of an uppercase character like H or a tall lowercase character like Sometimes a font contains special glyphs that can be taller than b like an integral sign but usually these glyphs are not counted when font height is measured Contours The most important and most complex information in a font is the glyph s shape All glyphs are defined as a series of contours All contours consist of a series of graphical primitives straight lines and curves Nodes points that know their type define all graphical primitives Open and Closed Contours Contours may be open or closed a All known font formats require contours to be
41. In Metrics mode the metrics table consists of four lines ee Glyph name ee Width lt 4 _ _ Left sidebearing lt _ __ _ Right sidebearing Click on any number in the table to enter an exact value Just use the keyboard to adjust the number and press the ENTER key when you are done The Esc key or a left click outside the cell you are editing will cancel the changes Use the up and Down arrow keys on the keyboard to move up and down in the table Use TaB key to move right and SHirr Tas to move left Referencing Metrics In the table you can use a reference instead of the real numeric value For example if you want to set the left sidebearing of the glyph B to be equal to the left sidebearing of the glyph D click on the cell located at the intersection of the B column and the third row and instead of the numeric value for the metric enter D When you click ENTER key to accept changes the data will be copied from the source glyph 229 230 Automatic Metrics Generation TypeTool can automatically define a glyph s metrics using a special algorithm This algorithm usually produces good results but we recommend manual editing for the best results To define the metrics parameters automatically click on the button on the toolbar or select the Auto Metrics command in the context popup menu The Automatic Metrics Generation dialog box appears Auto
42. N IS FURNISHED AS IS IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS A COMMITMENT BY FONTLAB LTD FONTLAB LTD ASSUMES NO RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS OR INACCURACIES MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EXPRESS IMPLIED OR STATUTORY WITH RESPECT TO THIS PUBLICATION AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES AND NONINFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS User manual release 2 0 03 2003 Contents CONTENTS INTRODUCTION About this Manual System Requirements TYPETOOL USER INTERFACE Basic Terms Getting Started Customizing TypeTool s User Interface Customization of the Keyboard Links to External Programs TypeTool Windows Font Window Glyph Window Metrics Window Panels EDITING FONTS Opening Fonts Font Formats Import Options Creating a New Font Font Window Encoding Modes Characters Codes and Glyphs Names Mode The Unicode Standard Codepages Using the Font Window Navigating Selecting 10 11 13 14 18 20 21 23 25 26 31 34 35 36 39 41 45 46 50 51 55 58 62 63 64 Context Menu Moving Glyphs Saving the Font Autosave Copying and Pasting Glyphs Copying Glyphs to Another Font Copying Composite Glyphs Duplicating Unicode Indexes Deleting Glyphs Creating New Glyphs Searching for Glyphs Renaming Glyphs The Font Map Panel Managing Double Byte Codepages Applying Actions E
43. ON OF LICENSE AGREEMENT This typeface is the property of Monotype Typography and its use by you is covered under the terms of a license agreement You have obtained this typeface software either directly from Monotype or together with software distributed by one of Monotype s licensees This software is a valuable asset of Monotype Unless you have License URL http www monotype com html type license html B License and License URL records are relatively new and have appeared only in OpenType specification version 1 3 License License description contains information about how the font can be used License URL URL where additional license information can be found Use the button to the right of the License URL control to open the page in a Web browser window This requires an Internet connection 113 Font Identification lt Version and Identification Key identification settings Sometimes the operating system or a DTP application needs to know what the font looks like It may be necessary for example to properly substitute for a missing font with the closest lookalike TypeTool supports some of the font identification settings that are used in Type 1 or TrueType fonts Version Information Font version and revision information 4 H p a Version 2 Revision 5 t Complete Version record 002 005 TrueType Version record Version 2 60 kd Version Version of the font Revision Revision
44. OS X only Leave this option unchecked if you want your font to be compatible with Classic Other font exporting options are available in the Export Options dialog box that appears when you click on the Options button at the bottom of the Generate Mac Suitcase dialog box and described later in the chapter After you finished managing suitcases in the list press the OK button and select the destination for the fonts in the standard Save dialog Name the suitcase file if needed and press the Save button to generate fonts Family Info To view and edit the font family information select the suitcase in the list and click on the button The FOND Info dialog box appears FOND Info FOND name FOND ID Script Roman HH i Ascent Fixed width font Descent Don t use family fractional widths Leadi Use integer extra width eading 2 Ignore FractEnable Max Width __ Don t adjust characters spacing pE wi Font name needs coordinating rd Font family creates the outline style by changing Paintlype wi Font family disallows simulating the outline style rd Font family does not allow simulation of the bold style Font family simulates the bold style by increasing point size Mi Font family disallows simulating the italic style _ Font family disallows automatic simulation of the condense style _ Font family disallows automatic simulation of the extend style Font family should have no additional intercharacter sp
45. Press the mouse button and drag the rectangle to its new place 3 Release the button The selection will be moved To scale or skew a selection 1 Position the mouse cursor on one of the scale handles 5 2 Press the button and drag the mouse You will see that the transformation rectangle is scaled Hold down the Suirt key on the keyboard to constrain the scale proportionally 3 Release the button when you are done The selection will be modified To rotate a selection 1 Move the mouse cursor onto the rotation handle 2 Press the mouse button and drag the mouse The transformation rectangle will rotate around its center Hold down the Suirr key to constrain the rotation angle to 15 degree increments You can also use the slant handle for rotation just press the OpTION key to alternate between rotate or slant 3 Release the button to accept the rotation To move the center of rotation just drag the center handle by the mouse to its new position 177 178 To slant a selection 1 Move the mouse cursor onto the slant handle 2 Press the mouse button and drag the mouse The transformation rectangle will be slanted Hold down the Suirr key to constrain the rotation angle to 15 degree increments 3 To slant in vertical direction hold the Option key and drag the rotate handle 4 Release the button to accept the slanting Double click in the editing field or press ENTER to accept the completed transf
46. Show Layers toolbar Fa Nodes To show nodes or not Control vectors To show curve control vectors or not Connection mode To show connection mode marks All contour presentation modes may be combined in any way A few more notes about outline appearance Selected parts of an outline appear red in color Selected nodes are marked as red rectangles and they are visible even if non selected nodes are hidden Many options related to outline appearance can be customized on the Glyph Window page of the Preferences dialog box Application gt Preferences menu command Glyph Window i Small nodes smeaoth outline Black white node icons Leave echo while editing Dic not show crosshair nae 146 Here is a list of the available options and a description of the features they control Small nodes Nodes may be small or large i T a O OON Smooth outline Allows one to select between standard and smoothed rendering of the outline i in Black white node Nodes may be colored or black white om ae Leave echo while Echo shows how the outline looked before you moved a node editing 147 148 Moving Nodes The most important editing operation is the modification of the contours that build each glyph You can modify contours in three ways moving nodes editing graphical primitives using non node editing and selecting several nodes and moving them together To move individual nodes 1 If nodes are h
47. Size el _ Show All Font Files HH z Font name Georgia o Type 1 options make Unicode _ Options TTYOTF options keep instructions Go to 7 Add to Favorites Cancel 4 If you want to list only fonts in a particular format select that format in the popup menu located in the center of the Open dialog box All Font Files Mac Suitcase Mac Type 1 FontLab FontLab 2 5 PC Type 1 PC TrueType When you select a font file in the files area you will see the font name in the bottom of the dialog box 37 38 You can open multiple fonts with a single operation just select them in the list with Suirr click or Cmp click The current import options appear below the font name field You can set the options here by clicking the Options button We will discuss the import options in full in one of the next sections To open fonts installed in Mac OS you are better off copying the font files into some other directory and then opening them in TypeTool from that directory Or you can simply drag drop the font files from the Finder window into TypeTool s icon Most Recently Used Fonts All fonts that you recently opened in TypeTool are added to the bottom of the File menu Page Setup Print FP SignaCorr dfont Georgia otf FOODLTTF Arial Caslon otf Next time you want them just select the font file in the File menu and TypeTool will open it Opening Fonts with Drag Drop The eas
48. Type 1 Curves Converts all TrueType 2 4 order curves to Type 1 3 4 order curves Merging and Intersecting Contours With the Merge contours and Get intersection commands which are available in the Tools menu you can perform very interesting operations on contours Both operations are applied to contours that have at least one node selected or to the whole glyph outline if nothing is selected The Merge contours command combines contours removing all outline overlapping and keeping the filled result unchanged Gz Qnm The Merge contours command is the outline equivalent of the Boolean OR operation The Get intersection command will keep only the area of intersection removing all other parts Qu This command is the outline equivalent of the Boolean AND operation 187 188 Metrics The Metric data of a glyph includes information about the horizontal and vertical width Glyphs have an origin point a baseline sidebearings and left and right margins Character width gt aa Right margin Baseline Left sidebearing Right sidebearing Zero or origin point The baseline is used to align characters in a series The left and right margins are used to define the positions of sequential characters in a series when the horizontal writing mode is selected In the vertical writing mode the left and right margins are used to horizontally align characters and the top margin is used to
49. TypeTool 2 0 for Macintosh User Manual Copyright 1992 2003 by FontLab Ltd All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written consent of the publisher Any software referred to herein is furnished under license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of such license FontLab FontLab logo ScanFont TypeTool SigMaker AsiaFont Studio FontAudit and VectorPaint are either registered trademarks or trademarks of FontLab Ltd in the United States and or other countries Apple the Apple Logo Mac Mac OS Macintosh and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc registered in the United States and other countries Adobe PostScript Type Manager and Illustrator are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated which may be registered in certain jurisdictions Windows Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows XP and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and or other countries IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation Macromedia Fontographer and Freehand are registered trademarks of Macromedia Inc Other brand or product names are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders THIS PUBLICATION AND THE INFORMATION HEREI
50. With TypeTool you can export any glyph as an Al compatible file and use it in any other program and you can import any EPS AI file compatible with Adobe Illustrator to add to any glyph of your font To export a glyph as an EPS AIT file 1 Select the Export to EPS command from the Glyph menu 2 Select the export folder and enter the name of the EPS AI file in the standard File Save dialog box 3 Press the Save button in the dialog box and the EPS AI file will be exported to the folder chosen To add an EPS AI file to the current glyph 1 Select the Import from EPS command from the Glyph menu 2 Choose the file that you want to import in the standard File Open dialog box 3 Press the Open button in the File Open dialog box and the EPS AI file will be imported added to the current glyph and selected to simplify its modifications 213 214 When you import or paste an outline from another application into TypeTool it scales it to fit the font s UPM To prevent an outline from scaling use the Do not rescale EPS files option located in the Preferences gt General dialog box Do not rescale EPS files on import and export You can also export several glyphs at once switch to the Font Window for example by selecting the Open Font Window command from the Glyph Window s popup menu select the glyphs that you want to export and select the Export to EPS command from the Glyph menu You will see a Save File dialog bo
51. a sharp connection press the Option key to temporarily change the connection type to smooth so that the adjacent control vector will be collinear Do not forget that you can press the key at any time to get an instant high quality preview of the glyph outline as it will print LS Bo Bo Normal outline High quality preview Outline Echo If you want to see how the outline looked before you moved a node switch on the Echo mode Open the Glyph Window page of the Preferences dialog box and switch on this option W Leave echo while editing This is how editing field will look when echo mode is on Using the Keyboard You can use the keyboard to move nodes and to select a node for editing Arrow keys Every click moves current node by one font unit Seay E PENERE A E er err a AET T a NEEE Sapo ome ec eT a eer sn font unit arr rt aan ie amanda keys a RERNE NEENA NERENN a ANANE NARSA NENANA AEE NATRERN a PENAOI a 1 Fe eee Ee R a a ES AAEE a Pe ae OER eT Oe gt Note You can make a line or a curve a current object and arrow operations will move it as a whole Just click on a curve or a line with the Edit tool and it will be highlighted by a pair of short lines 151 152 Non node editing Sometimes you may want to modify a contour in a more flexible way than by moving nodes For example to adjust the shape of a curve in node editing you would usually make the control points of a curve visible and move th
52. acing See Cancel Besides the FOND name you may edit parameters in the following groups 91 Font family properties FOND ID and Script FOND resource identifier or family ID number lying in the range of the particular script Changing the script in the popup menu to the right will automatically change FOND ID and vice versa Fixed width font If this option is switched on the font will be treated by the Macintosh system as one with characters of fixed width monospaced Otherwise the font is treated as proportional Don t use family If this option is switched on the system will not use the fractional widths global family widths table Use integer extra If this option is switched on the system will use the family widths style extra widths table Family Style Property Table Ignore FractEnable If this option is switched on the system will use the family style extra widths table Family Style Property Table even if the option Don t use family fractional widths is switched off Don t adjust This option represents the 11th bit of the family flags characters spacing which is usually set to zero Font metrics Ascent The maximum height above the baseline reached by characters in this family fonts Descent The maximum depth below the baseline reached by characters in this family of fonts The depth is usually a negative number Leading Maximum leading for the family The leading value is usually set to Zero MaxW
53. ackground color for the kerning value is white when there is no kerning light blue if kerning is negative glyphs are shifted toward each other and yellow if kerning is positive To change the kerning value click on the kerning row in the table and enter the new value Click ENTER key on the keyboard to accept the changes or Esc to cancel Use the TAB and Suirt Tas keys to select a pair in the sample string 233 234 Automatic Kerning Generation The easiest way to apply kerning to a font is to use TypeTool s auto kerning algorithm This algorithm analyses the shape of the glyphs in the given pairs and automatically kerns them You can control the pairs list that the autokerning algorithm processes as well as other parameters To define kerning automatically press the gt button on the toolbar or select the Auto Kerning command in the popup menu The Automatic Kerning Generation dialog box appears Automatic Kerning Generation You want to generate kerning for All pairs in the currents Pairs list Standard 2 How much white space do you want to leave between glyphs Custom HH Custom 40 When do you want to keep existing kerning Never HH a 10 di _ Allow for positive kerning Maximum number of pairs to generate 1024 Maximum absolute value for generated kerning 10 This dialog box consists of two areas the Area of application and Parameters In the first area you
54. alic Weight Normal 400 Font is bold Width medium H More Styles Style Name Regular Build Style Name Font Name ArialMT Full Name Arial Menu Name Arial 4 FOND Name Arial Build Names Family Name The name of the typeface to which the font belongs All fonts that are from the same typeface must have the same Family Name field The Family Name is used as the root of the Font Name so we recommend that you fill in this field first Weight Weight of the font You may enter a custom value in this field or select one of the predefined weight names in the popup Values in this list are sorted by increased weight value Choose Normal or leave this field empty if you do not care about the font s weight Weight Value Numeric weight value of the font This number defines the font weight and is used by the operating systems to organize fonts to font families TypeTool will fill it automatically when you select some Weight in the popup menu but if you want you can customize it Width The average width of the font s characters Enter a custom value or select one of the predefined width values from the popup menu Leave this field empty or select Normal width if you do not care about the font s width Font is Italic Switch on this check box if you are creating an italic font 109 Font is bold The Font is defined as bold Usually this checkbox is related to the Weight setting but it is not required For exampl
55. an one font with the same Unique ID value because that may cause a problem with PostScript printers or Adobe Type Manager software Type 1 XUID More advanced identification codes for Type 1 fonts This number Numbers is used only in PostScript Level 2 printers Please refer to Adobe documentation for more information concerning the XUID field TrueType An up to four letter length code that is assigned to most Vendor Code TrueType producers to identify their fonts An uppercase vendor code must be registered with Microsoft or Apple All registered Vendor codes known at the time of TypeTool s release are placed in the popup menu If you want to identify yourself without registering you may enter a lowercase four letter vendor code Below the vendor selection list you can see the full name of the registered vendor Click the name to open the vendor s page in a Web browser 115 Use it as default Check this option to use the current vendor code as the default in all new fonts You may make your own code the default so you will not have to enter it every time Creation date Use these controls to edit the font creation date and time Press and time the Now button to set the current date and time 116 Metrics and Dimensions Metrics and Dimensions Key dimensions TrueType specific metrics This page is used to set font dimensions that are used mostly to properly align text lines Font UPM Value Font UPM value pe as Font s
56. ansformed Hints and Actions that are concerned with hints and links Guidelines Metrics Metrics information is transformed 244 Outline Transformation Here is a list of all the outline transformation actions Mirror Mirrors the glyph vertically or horizontally BE ey Se ee gt ee E PEPEE ENEE oe E gt PE R E T E E E E PE eee al E E aE sees ae ee rere re ea ae ee a E R reer ee EEE tee ee Se ee A EE EAT Mirror Current action Mirror transformation Rd Horizontal mirror _ Vertical mirror Here is the result of this simple transformation camiqls fexf The letters in the word Sample were mirrored horizontally and the letters in the word text vertically Reverse all Reverse all contours Set clockwise TrueType direction Set counterclockwise T ype 1 direction This action reverses the direction of all the contours of the glyph s outline It can also automatically detect the direction of contours and correct them if necessary Just select the option that you want 245 246 Rotate Rotation angle 15 Clockwise Counterclockwise Rotate around Origin point 0 0 Rotation center 0 ih This transformation action simply rotates glyphs You can set the rotation angle the position of the center of rotation and the direction of rotation You can rotate glyphs around the zero point around the center of the glyph s bounding box or you can specify a point
57. aracter hold the Option key on the keyboard and drag the mouse cursor to the right to define a cutting line Release the mouse button m 3 Click on each inserted node to break the contour 4 Select the bottom half of the T Temporarily activate the Edit tool click on the Cmp key on the keyboard and Cmp click near the bottom area of the glyph Copy it to the Clipboard with the Edit gt Copy command Go to the FH character Use the Glyph gt Reset command to remove the contents of all editing layers Use the Edit gt Paste command to place a copy of the T bottom y h Use the Edit gt Paste command to make a second copy Shift drag the second copy horizontally L l g __ 183 184 Copy and paste it again and shift drag it to a place above the second segment Use the Rotate 180 operation in the Transformation panel to flip the selected segment JL dl yoa ae Duplicate the top segment and locate the copy above the bottom right segment p LJL e 12 13 14 Click on an empty area of the Glyph window and then click on the top left node of the top left segment to highlight it x1 Activate the Add Corner tool t click somewhere and drag the line to connect the left line of the top left and bottom left segments Then click on any other starting or ending node of the contour segments and
58. at once position the mouse cursor on the selection press the COMMAND and OPTION keys press the mouse button and drag the selection to the place where you want it to be duplicated It is important to have the COMMAND and OPTION keys pressed when you release the mouse button You can later correct Unicode indexes and names assigned to the glyph by using the Rename Glyph dialog or the Glyph Properties panel described later 73 74 Deleting Glyphs To remove glyphs from the font 1 Select the glyphs that you want to remove 2 Select the Delete command from the Edit menu or from the popup menu Or press the DELETE or BACKSPACE key on the keyboard 3 A dialog box appears asking you if you are sure that you want to delete Note 1 Deleting glyphs from the font is not undoable so save your work before deleting glyphs Note 2 If you are in Unicode mode and deleting glyphs with the blue mark in the top left corner they will be removed without any questions because they are just one of the indexes of a multi Unicode glyph Creating New Glyphs If you want to create a new glyph in an empty place in the font a gray cell in the Font window double click the cell If you want to create a group of new glyphs with a single command select the empty cells and use the Reset command in the Glyph menu If you are creating glyphs in the yellow zone names and Unicode indexes are assigned to the newly created glyphs according to
59. ategory Set Shortcuts For File R Default HA Commands Current keys Close Close All Font Info Generate Mac Suitcase Generate font New Font Open Font h Print a Revert y Press New Shortcut Key Description v Edits font header fields Search Reset All 3 In the left area of the page you can select the command that you want to customize Choose the commands category in the top popup menu and the command itself in the list below You will see a short command description below the commands list To easily find a particular command by its name type it in the Search field at the bottom of the dialog box On the right part of the page you will see the list of keyboard shortcuts currently defined for that command Current keys Cmd 2 Opt Backs pace 21 22 The button at the right of the list allows removal of one of the existing shortcuts To define a new keyboard shortcut select a command and position the cursor on the editing field below the Press New Shortcut Key label Press New Shortcut Key When the editing field has focus just press the combination of keys that you want to assign A description of that combination will appear in the editing field and you can click the Assign _ button to assign that combination to the currently selected command Press the Reset All button to reset all changes back to TypeTool defaults Press the Close button at the bottom after you finish cu
60. ault for the Eraser tool To switch to the rectangle mode hold down the Cop key Inserting Nodes To insert a new node on a vector or curve with the Edit tool 1 2 Press and hold the Cmp and OPTION keys Position the mouse cursor on the point where you want to insert the node and click the mouse button The mouse cursor will turn into the knife and the new node will appear in that place Using the position tool to insert nodes 1 Activate the so called position tool by pressing the mouse button on a vector or curve while the CTRL and Option keys are also pressed down The mouse cursor will turn into a target with its coordinates shown Drag the mouse cursor along the primitive it will stick to take aim precisely and release the mouse cursor where you want the node to be inserted Using the Knife tool to insert nodes 1 2 1 2 2 Click on the point on the contour where you want to insert a node Press the mouse button anywhere on the empty area of the editing field and drag the mouse to form a knife line After you release the mouse button new nodes will be inserted at all points where this line crossed the outline Hold down the Suirtr key to constrain the direction of the knife line to 15 degree increments If the knife line will cross two lines you may find a part of the glyph to cut off Hold the Option key to limit Knife tool to insert new nodes only 157 U
61. cated in a single font file In PC Type 1 PostScript fonts the metrics and kerning data are located in separate files There are two possible formats for the metrics files that are used with PC Type 1 fonts AFM and PFM AFM files Adobe Font Metrics are text files containing all the metrics and kerning information for a given font These files are legible as text and can be edited in any text editor PFM files Printer Font Metrics are metrics and kerning files used by the Windows operating system They are binary files and cannot be read without special utilities AFM files are a standard format for the exchange of metrics information for PostScript fonts This information can be read directly by several operating systems and programs On the Macintosh information about font metrics is stored in the font suitcase data structure and is handled automatically by the Type Manager TypeTool can import and export metrics and kerning information in any of these formats Metrics Window TypeTool has a special window where you can edit the metrics and kerning information It is called the Metrics Window To open the Metrics Window select the New Metrics Window command in the Window menu The Metrics Window will appear 0 Preview Metrics FLCaslon BAIE ab ne TT Auto AvAtay M N Tooo a E aes a e oa a a l a l e S E 763 706 702 I 427 IT ase 43 10 Fos i The Metrics Window consists of several parts
62. ch of the two lines that build the hint but also the position of one major line and the width of the hint You can declare stem hints in TypeTool just by dragging them and modifying their width Because hints in TypeTool are very intelligent they automatically snap to the contour minimising your work In most cases the autohinting algorithm that is included in TypeTool produces good results usually not any worse than the results of manual hinting Editing Hints Editing hints is very similar to editing guidelines You can add new hints through the ruler bar of the Glyph Window drag them with the mouse and delete them by using the menu command or by Crri clicking when dragging In contrast to guides hints consist of two lines that can be moved together or separately Hints cannot be slanted To add a new hint 1 Position the mouse cursor on the horizontal ruler bar for a horizontal hint or on the vertical bar for a vertical hint 2 Press and hold the Comp key Press the mouse button The bar will appear pressed and a new hint will appear Release the Cop key 3 Holding the mouse button drag the hint to the desired place and release the button To move a hint 1 Move the mouse cursor onto one of the hint s lines 2 Press the mouse button and drag the hint to its new place Both hint lines will move together To move a hint s lines separately hold down the Suirr key while dragging one of
63. closed but during outline editing it may be useful to have some contours in an open form and later connect them to each other to build final closed contours In TypeTool it is very easy to open closed contours or to close open contours Itis also possible to customize the appearance of the open contours they may be automatically filled they are automatically closed by an invisible straight line that connects their starting and ending points or not and their starting and finishing point may be optionally highlighted 139 140 Filled and Unfilled Contours Contours can be of two types black or white They can also be of two directions clockwise or counterclockwise The basic rule that applies to Type 1 fonts is simple clockwise directed contours are white and counterclockwise contours are black A simpler form of the rule known as the rule of the left hand is if you face along the direction of a contour black fill will be on your left side Directed contour Filled interior zone In the TrueType specification the opposite is the case so a contour is filled on the right hand side However not all TrueType rasterizers require glyphs to follow this rule so it is recommended but not necessarily required that you reverse contour directions when you are converting Type 1 fonts to TrueType Startpoint and Closepath All contours have a startpoint The startpoint is the first node of the contour The last node of the closed
64. contour is automatically connected to the startpoint with a straight line which is called closepath The color of the start point in the Glyph Window is blue A contour direction mark may appear on a startpoint C N Curves and Lines Graphical primitives are of three types straight lines Type 1 curves or TrueType curves Straight lines we ll call them vectors are just straight lines that connect two sequential nodes Type 1 curves are Bezier curves 314 order cubic b splines To modify the form of the curves two additional sub nodes are used S 7 End Point Bezier Control Point 7 7 Pd Re Control Vector H End Point These sub nodes are called control points and the vectors that connect the control points with the curve s ends are called control vectors In the Glyph Window vectors straight lines end in square in black white mode or red in color mode dots and curves end with round or green dots 141 142 TrueType curves are 2 4 order curves quadratic b splines that have one control point called the off curve point Control off curve point ae End on curve point End on curve point Some TrueType curves may appear linked together and form a long supercurve where intermediate on curve points do not really exist but are implied by the rasterizer On curve points i Implied on curve points Off curve points TrueType curves end with points that look
65. controls to customize the font window view Select the desired size of glyph cell in the Size popup menu Possible sizes vary from 16x16 up to 64x64 pixels Smaller cells occupy less space but hide details A sample of the different cell sizes OA 16x16 24x24 32X32 48x48 64x64 Use the Zoom In and Zoom Out buttons to enlarge or reduce the cells size The Title popup menu is used to change the cells caption contents The Mode popup menu allows you to select one of the encoding modes Names or Codepages mode And the fourth popup menu is the Encoding menu which contains a list of encodings in the Names mode or a list of codepages in the Codepages mode Font Window Header The Font window header is hidden by default but it can be switched on To do this just click on the small button at the top of the vertical scroll bar You will see the header appears leaving less space for characters At the header of the Font Window you see one button on the left and two buttons in the right area MacOS Roman opens the Font Info dialog box for the current font This is the same as choosing the Font Info command in the File menu The buttons on the right allow you to select one of the encoding modes 22 Switch to the Codepages mode This is the same as using the Mode popup menu at the footer And the second popup menu is the Encoding menu The Font window header can be switched on and off This doesn t affect the
66. create fonts that will be properly encoded and will always work correctly 59 60 To select a codepage in the Font Window 1 Switch the Font Window to the Codepages mode by selecting Codepages in the Mode popup menu in the Font window footer or by clicking the Codepages 48 button in the header 2 The encoding selection popup menu will show the names of all available codepages y MacOS Roma MacOS Arabic MacOS CentralEurope MacOS Chinese EUC TW MacOS Croatian MacOS Cyrillic MacOS Devanagari MacOS Dingbats MacOS Farsi MacOS Greek MacOS Gujarati MacOS Gurmukhi Punjabi MacOS Hebrew MacOS Icelandic MacOS Romanian F Mac OS codepages come first MS Windows codepages follow All other codepages are sorted according to their names 3 Select the codepage that you want from the list and you will see the Font Window change All the characters that are in the codepage appear in the yellow area All other characters are in the gray area below Select the MS Windows 1252 Latin 1 codepage and you will see how your font will look in the Windows standard Western codepage All codepages in TypeTool are defined in editable text files so you can change any codepage if you think it is wrong please let us know or you can define your own codepage We do not recommend changing any of the codepages supplied with TypeTool They are extensively tested and are based on the documents from the companies who su
67. ct another node for modification You will see the node properties change in the Properties panel as you move the node by keyboard or mouse Click OPTION ENTER to put the focus on the Properties panel to set the node position more precisely 169 170 Selections Many operations can be applied not only to single nodes or graphical primitives but also to several nodes together For example you may want to move many nodes or delete part of a contour First select the nodes that you want to process To select nodes with the selection rectangle 1 Make sure that the Edit tool is active 2 Press the mouse button anywhere in the empty area and drag the mouse to surround the nodes with a rectangle Hold down the SHIFT key to reverse the selection state of the nodes To select or deselect individual nodes just shift click them To select the contour segment line or curve shift click on it To select the whole contour double click the contour not a node with the mouse cursor To add another contour to the selection SHiFr double click it Alternatively you may press the Cmp key and click anywhere on the empty area close to the contour the Magic Wand cursor appears Hold down the Cmp and OPTION keys to select nested contours too To select all the contours in a glyph use the Edit gt Select all command To deselect all nodes click the mouse button somewhere in the free space of the editing field or use the Edit gt Deselect command
68. current font We recommend that you use this option only if your font is very similar to the metrics file that you are importing Replace all metrics that are Replace only those metrics records that are similar close to current to the imported metrics The Allowed difference between metrics option controls the possible difference Replace metrics that are These options are obvious thinner than in the current font Replace metrics that are wider than in the current font What do you want to do with the kerning data Do nothing Do not import kerning data from the metrics file Completely replace kerning Remove all existing kerning pairs and replace them data in the current font with pairs imported from the metrics file Add imported Leave the existing kerning pairs unchanged but add kerning data to the current new kerning pairs from the metrics file font Add new kerning Import information about the glyphs that form each pairs but autokern them kerning pair in the metrics file and apply an autokerning algorithm to these pairs The What do you want to do with other data option controls the font header importing option TypeTool can import the Font Info data from the metrics file and replace the current font info data if the Replace this data in the current font option is selected 238 Saving Metrics Files When you export a font file in PC Type 1 font format the metrics files in AFM and PFM formats are automatically writte
69. d converts the visual instructions into TrueType native instructions Unicode Options Most TrueType fonts use Unicode indexes for the glyph encoding information Therefore TypeTool will always use the Unicode indexes that are set for the font s glyphs as the source of Unicode encoding information Use the following codepage to build a cmap 1 x table Encoding information is stored in TrueType fonts in a cmap table Every Windows TrueType font contains at least two of these tables One is the Unicode table and it assigns Unicode information to glyphs The other is a single byte table that is used by older versions of the Mac OS and by some non Unicode compatible Windows programs Use the control to select the codepage that will be used to build this table There are two special options Mac OS Roman which is the codepage used on the Mac and the default choice or Current codepage in the Font Window which means that TypeTool will use the encoding yellow zone currently selected in the Font window 99 100 Recommended Export Options We recommend selecting different export options in different situations In addition to the export options we also suggest particular import options that will produce the best results in specific situations Source Destination Import options Export options TrueType TrueType Do not convert outlines do All hinting options on not decompose save hinting do not autohint TrueType Ty
70. defined encodings to examine a font and then include it as the default encoding upon export You even can create your own custom encodings and use them to properly assign names to your characters Names Mode To switch the Font window to the Names mode select Names in the m Mode popup menu in the Font window footer or click the w button on the Font window toolbar To select the current encoding for the font use the Encoding popup menu When you open it you will see the following available encodings Imported The encoding that was loaded with an imported font Default The default encoding for all the applications in the TypeTool family This provides the best support for Windows or Mac OS depending on the version of TypeTool Adobe Adobe Standard Encoding This is useful if you want to create a Standard PostScript font Macintosh Standard encoding for Macintosh computers Adobe Standard encoding for supporting Cyrillic characters on PostScript Cyrillic printers and in Windows Macintosh Standard encoding for supporting Cyrillic characters on Macintosh Cyrillic computers Symbol Standard encoding for supporting fonts that include mathematical and other characters ANSI Standard encoding used in Windows 55 56 Additional Encodings All encodings are stored in text files that can be edited in any text processor This is not recommended but may help if you find that our standard encodings do not work for you If
71. diting field of the Metrics Window and press ENTER hamburgevons fs Or you can open a list of predefined strings and select one of them for editing ABCabc 123 fs SHE VERSE ASHORE hamburgevons ABCabc 123 k HAMBURGEV ONS AS AGREES RUNAS GORGEOUS NAME HAHHAAOQHAGQOAG HBHHBOHBOOBO rI HEHHECOHCTOOCO 7 By pressing the CMp PGDN and CmD PGUP keyboard shortcuts you can browse the strings quickly All strings that appear in the list box are read from the Preview txt file located in TypeTool Data folder This file is an ordinary text file and can be edited in any text editor to add your own strings 223 You can edit the contents of the strings list in the Preview Options dialog box To open the dialog box click on the i button Preview Options Contents of the preview text combo box ABCabe 123 4 f Open AVATay 3 ABCabe SHE VERSE ASHORE hamburgevons HAMBURGEV ONS AS AGREES RUNAS GORGEOUS NAME HAHHAACHACOAO HBHHEOHBO OBO HCHHCOHCOOCO 7 m i e 2 s Font to use in the preview combo box Lucida Grande Select SS You will find an editing field containing all the strings that appear in the list box Edit the text or use the Open button to fill it from an external text file If you are working with a non Latin font you may want to select the font that is used in the sample string control and list Use the editing field below the contents field to enter the desired font name or click on the S
72. dow menu Transformation P Rotate oo ty E Center Ey Center of selec HA Apply To transform the glyph or the selected area Select the type of the transformation by clicking on one of the buttons in the left and the transformation options in the right area Shift hift x y Enter a distance to move the selection 0 eo oy Rotate Fotate Enter the rotation or slant angle degrees 0 2E clockwise and select a center of rotation Slant Center Zero point He Scale Scale x y n Enter the scaling factor and select a center 100 100 point of transformation Use the Uniform e option to scale proportionally Uniform Center Zero point e Mirror Mirror axis Enter the direction of the mirror axis and oo le select the center point of the transformation al Use the buttons to mirror horizontally or vertically quickly Center Zero point H j Press the Apply button to apply the transformation to the selected area 181 182 Building an Outline From Blocks Now you know how to select parts of an outline and copy it so let s do a few experiments to show how to use this knowledge Suppose that we have an T character and we want to create an H character 1 Open the T in the Glyph Window double click the T cell in the Font Window 2 Cut the character in the middle Activate the Knife tool press the mouse button at the left of the ch
73. e if you are making a family containing Light and Normal styles you may need to mark the Normal style as Bold so you will not need to split these styles into two separate families More styles Press this button to open a popup menu where you can select one of the additional font styles This information is used only by TrueType fonts but we recommend you always set it properly to simplify future font identification Style Name Contains complete style information about the font We recommend that you fill in the Weight Width and Italic data to automatically generate this field using the Build Style Name button and edit this field if necessary Build Style Press this button to automatically generate the Style Name field Name Style names are based on the Width Weight and Italic information Font Name PostScript name This name will be used by a PostScript print driver to reference the font Do not include spaces in this name Full Name More detailed font name It may include spaces as well as any other characters this is the name that is exposed to users when the font is installed in Windows and sometimes in Mac OS Menu Name The name used to access the font in applications This name must not include style information bold italic or similar The length of this field is limited to 31 characters for TrueType or single master Type 1 fonts and to 7 characters for Multiple Master fonts To ensure that the current Menu name is made pro
74. e the alignment type the selection status of the node and the position of the control points of the curves To change the position of a node 1 Select the origin point you want to use and set the coordinates of the node By default the origin is the glyph s origin point With the point 2 Modify the coordinates of the node in the edit boxes You can use the spin buttons to increase or decrease the coordinates The new coordinates will be applied to the node when you press the ENTER key on the keyboard or move the focus from one edit control to another or when you close the property panel by clicking on a free space in the edit field To change the connection mode for a node select the new mode by clicking on one of the buttons in the lower part of the panel To change the selection state of a node modify the state in the Selected check box To edit the position of the curve s control vectors switch on the BCPs check box it will be gray if you are editing a node between two vectors and modify the relative position of the previous or next control point that belongs to that node Use the buttons with arrows to edit the previous or next node gt Tip when you are editing node positions in the Properties panel press the ENTER key to accept changes and move the focus to the editing field of the Glyph Window There you can use the keyboard to move the selected node and the PAGE Down PaGE UP keys to sele
75. e compatible with this suitcase in the list choose the Add possible command from the Add pulldown menu To remove all the fonts from the list click on the x button To remove a suitcase or a particular font in a suitcase select it in the list and click on the button If you remove the last font from the suitcase then the suitcase is removed too To add new fonts to existing suitcase first clear the list with the x button then click on the button The standard File Open dialog box appears where you may choose the suitcase from the disk Press the Open button in the dialog and the selected suitcase will appear in the list Click on the Add_ button and select the font that you want to be added to the opened suitcase If the Font Info fields of the added font are filled properly it will appear in the corresponding style of the font suitcase You have the possibility to drag drop individual fonts between the styles in a suitcase Options Before generating a Macintosh suitcase you have to choose the font format Select Macintosh TrueType or Type 1 in the popup menu Select destination format w Macintosh Type 1 HH Macintosh TrueType When Type 1 is selected additional option is available Select destination format Macintosh Type 1 C Adobe TypeReunion compatible If this option is checked TypeTool will generate a font suitcase compatible with Adobe TypeReunion which lets the font s styles appear in
76. e following rules 1 No spaces 2 No digits at the beginning 3 Only And _ punctuation marks are allowed in the name Menu When we refer to menu items in the main TypeTool menu we will use the following notation top menu item gt sub item For example Edit gt Copy means click the word Edit on the menu bar and select the Copy command from the menu Undo Z Cut 3X Copy 3C Paste VA Properties Xe Directories When we have to refer to one of the folders created during TypeTool installation we will use the following syntax TypeTool directory name Where TypeTool is the name of the folder where you have installed TypeTool 2 usually Applications TypeTool2 and directory name is the name of the folder as in the example below TypeTool Data Mouse Click the mouse on some Position the mouse cursor on the object and click the object mouse button Ctrli click something Position the cursor over something hold down the CTRL key on the keyboard and click the mouse button If you have a mouse with two buttons you may use the right mouse button instead of pressing the CTRL key Drag some object Position the cursor on the object press the mouse button and move the mouse to move the object Release the mouse button when youre done Context Menu Most windows and panels in TypeTool have attached context menus To open the context menu Crri click or click the right mouse button if presen
77. e glyphs from the first 128 glyph range digits alphabet and basic punctuation and the European glyphs 128 255 range The first 128 glyphs are called the top zone The 128 255 range is called the bottom zone The Adobe StandardEncoding includes very few glyphs from the bottom zone compared to the number of glyphs in the Macintosh Roman encoding When a Type 1 font in StandardEncoding is installed with ATM ATM uses a special encoding instead of the real StandardEncoding as it is documented in the Type 1 format specification This special encoding is called the Default Encoding in TypeTool So if you create a StandardEncoding font and want to see how it will work in Mac OS select the Default Encoding in TypeTool Here is an explanation of the possible encoding export options Always write Always saves the custom encoding with the font Never custom encoding writes StandardEncoding The encoding currently selected in the Font window will be exported Always write Exports the font with the StandardEncoding if the Font StandardEncoding window is in Names mode and MS Character Set is Western Latin1 CP1252 ANSI Select encoding Exports the font with the StandardEncoding when the Font automatically window shows StandardEncoding Default Encoding or Mac Roman Exports a custom encoding if any of the other encodings is selected or if the Font window is in Codepages mode Export Unicode Exports a custom encoding based on t
78. e or positive kerning value 235 Resetting Kerning To remove the kerning information for some glyphs or for the entire font you must use the Reset Kerning feature To open the Reset Kerning dialog box press on the x or select the Reset Kerning command in the popup menu The Reset Kerning dialog box appears Reset Kerning What exactly do you want to do Reset kerning for the current pair Reset kerning for all pairs in the string C Reset kerning for all glyphs in the string C Completely reset kerning in the current font a This dialog box includes options that control kerning removal Available options are Reset kerning for the This is the default if a pair is selected Removes kerning current pair for that pair only You can get the same result by Ctrl clicking while editing kerning in the current pair Reset kerning for all pairs Default if no pairs are selected Removes kerning in all in the string pairs that exist in the current string Reset kerning for all Removes kerning in all pairs that include glyphs in the glyphs in the string current string Completely reset kerning Removes all the kerning pairs available in the font in the current font Because this is not an undoable operation the warning dialog asks you to save the current metrics and kerning data in the temporary file 236 Opening Metrics Files TypeTool allows you to import metrics and or kerning information into the
79. elease the button to finish moving or press the Esc key to abort If you move glyphs over the cells of existing glyphs you will see a dialog box prompting you to choose whether to replace the existing glyphs or save them by moving them to the end of the encoding You have dropped glyphs at the places used by the glyphs with names listed below Six seven eight nine colon semicolon 7 wi Keep replaced symbols under new names Cancel kr Leave Keep replaced symbols under new names checked to save the glyphs I e put the new glyphs in the cells and move the existing glyphs to cells at the end of the encoding or clear it to replace them I e delete the existing glyphs 67 TypeTool 2 Note that even if source selection is not continuous the destination selection will be continuous 68 Saving the Font Most of the font modification operations are not undoable so we recommend you save your work regularly To save a font that you have opened from an existing font file in TypeTool or other format use the File gt Save command or click on the Save button on the Standard toolbar To save all opened fonts click the File gt Save all command or this button on the Standard toolbar Font s will be saved in FontLab format vfb extension to the directory where the original font was opened imported If this option in the General page of the Preferences dialog box is active I Create backup f
80. elect button to select the font with the standard font selection dialog box Navigating in the Sample String Use the and buttons on the Tools toolbar to move to the previous or next glyphs in the string These buttons are useful if one of the glyphs has a negative width value You can also use the PAGE UP and PAGE Down keys on the keyboard to navigate in the sample string To scroll the window you can press the space bar and scroll the Metrics window with the Hand tool 224 Entering Special Characters Some glyphs are not represented by the ANSI characters However by using special rules you can enter non ANSI names in the sample string To enter a glyph s name begin with the slash character and finish with a space character or another slash A small T small To enter a slash type it twice The decimal code of a glyph can follow the slash instead of using its name 44 The Unicode index of the glyph can be entered if you use the prefix 0445 0448 To enter a backslash type it twice W The easiest way to fill a sample string is using the drag drop method You can simply drag any glyph from the Font Window and drop it in the Metrics Window and it will be added to the sample string If you hold the Cmp key while dropping the selected glyphs they will replace the sample string Selecting Previewing Size In the String Size combo box fT 72 6 you can select the size of the previewed st
81. elete Rename Select As Default Edit in new window Edit metrics Transform Properties 65 66 Here is what the commands mean Width Allows you to easily select one of the predefined widths of the Font window Copy Copies the selected glyphs onto the Clipboard Same as the Copy command from the Edit menu Paste Places glyphs from the Clipboard into the font starting from the first selected cell Same as the Paste command from the Edit menu Delete Deletes the selected glyphs Same as the Delete command from the Edit menu Rename Opens a rename glyph dialog box Select as default Selects the current glyph as the default glyph that is used in Type 1 fonts to represent glyphs that are not present in the font Edit in new Creates a new Glyph window and opens the current glyph in it window Edit metrics Opens the Metrics window with the currently selected glyphs Transform Opens the transformation dialog box Refer to the Transformations chapter for more detailed information about available transformations Properties Opens the glyph properties panel for the current glyph or selected glyphs Moving Glyphs You can change the positions of glyphs in the font chart just by moving them to a new place To move glyphs in the font chart 1 Select the glyphs that you want to move 2 Position the mouse cursor on the selected glyphs 3 Press the mouse button 4 Drag the glyphs to the new position R
82. em to modify the curve A more intuitive way would be to grab the curve somewhere between the nodes and move this imaginary inside point The curve s shape changes accordingly We call this method non node editing This means that you can move not just nodes but every point of a glyph s contour You can even switch off nodes and still be able to edit the contour as you wish To modify a curve or vector using the non node editing method 1 Move the mouse cursor onto the place on the curve vector that you want to move 2 Press the mouse button You will see a small color point that will show you the temporary point that you are moving 3 Drag the mouse and observe how the shape of the curve changes After a few experiments which can be undone you will have enough experience to use this method of editing Several notes that you should remember 1 Innon node editing guiding objects are not sticky So temporary points do not snap to the grid guidelines hints or anything else 2 Ifyou choose a temporary point near one of the ends of a curve you will move that end not just change the curve s shape This is a useful method to locate a curve s endpoints 3 When you press the mouse button to begin non node editing you will see that the endpoints of the curve as well as the control vectors appear simplifying the editing of this primitive 4 Ifyou want to highlight the line or curve but don t want to
83. en you are done To drag a glyph within the editing area position the mouse cursor on the glyphs image press the mouse button and drag the mouse to position the glyph inside its width Press the Option key while dragging the mouse to modify the glyph s width You can easily modify the vertical position of the glyph relative to its baseline Just press and hold the Suirr key on the keyboard while dragging the glyph and this will modify its vertical position 227 228 Using the Keyboard When the glyph is active you can use the keyboard to adjust the metrics Left and right Moves the glyph by one font unit inside the sidebearings without arrow keys changing the advance width Hold the SHIFT key to move the glyph by 10 font units Cmd left and Moves the glyph together with the right sidebearing This changes right arrow keys the left sidebearing and the advance width Hold the SHIFT key to move by 10 font units at each key click Insert Changes the current glyph to the next glyph in the font ee ee eee Serer re ee eerie nnn are ee aera renee er ae ner ene aT ee tan ee Set ee ropa a ee Any character Selects the character you have clicked as the current character for or digit editing You can also enter the glyph name if you want to access glyphs that are not assigned to any key combination By pressing the CMp PGDN and Cmp PcGUP keyboard shortcuts you can browse the sample strings quickly Using the Metrics Table
84. ently used operations Show Layers Controls the appearance of basic Editing layer in Glyph window It is analogous to the View gt Show Layers menu You may notice a few italic terms We will describe them later Specifically Glyph window will be introduced in a few pages and Editing layers in the Glyph Window chapter OK we are almost ready to open a sample font but before we do let s talk about customization of the TypeTool user interface 19 20 Customizing TypeTool s User Interface As you may infer from the title of this section some of the TypeTool user interface which means the toolbars and keyboard shortcuts is customizable We believe our default interface is the easiest to use but if for some reason you don t like it you are free to make any changes you want If you don t want to change anything in the TypeTool user interface you can fast forward to the next section You cannot customize menus in TypeTool 2 for Macintosh yet The customization of toolbars is also restricted to switching them on or off or arranging them on the screen The general idea of keyboard customization is simple there is a long list of commands that you can use with keyboard shortcuts Through customization you can assign any command to a combination of keys pressed on the keyboard Customization of the Keyboard Select the Tools gt Customize command and the Customize Keyboard dialog box will appear Customize Keyboard C
85. er in the filled mode you always see how the glyph will look in the resulting font Switch between modes with the button on the Show Layers toolbar Outline mode Preview mode Smoothed Contour By default contour is rendered with black color and sometimes it may result in jaggies m Optionally you can smooth the contour appearance on screen which will result in a much smoother outline appearance Pn er To smooth contours use the Glyph Window page of the Preferences dialog box Application gt Preferences menu command Glyph Window i Small nodes M Smooth outline Black white node icons Leave echo while editing De net show crosshair You can use the Apply button in the bottom right of the Preferences dialog box to check the result of the changes you make in Glyph Window options Note If your computer is slow and a contour is complex smoothing the outlines may degrade the performance of the editing tools Turn it off in this case High quality Preview No matter which mode is active you can quickly view a high quality preview of the outline by pressing the key on the keyboard Until you release the key you will see a high quality preview of the outline Note that you can use the lt and gt keys to browse characters without releasing the key 145 Outline Preview Options You can choose various options for previewing the contour layer Use these buttons in the
86. er and looks for it in the names database If it locates the name there it takes the associated Unicode index and adds it to the character s list of indexes Note 1 The Names database has about 3000 records and includes almost all Known names for all European Cyrillic Arabic and Hebrew languages and for most symbol and dingbats fonts Note 2 The names database is a text file that can be edited You can add new records to this file at any time Be very careful when you edit this file because incorrect records may make exported fonts unusable in some environments Note 3 It is possible to link more than one Unicode index to a name and more than one name to a Unicode index If TypeTool finds several indexes linked to the name it will assign all the indexes to the character Refer to the Encoding Modes section for a description of the multi Unicode indexing method If more than one name is linked with the Unicode index then TypeTool will take the first one it finds as the name for the known index 43 44 TrueType Import Options The Import Options dialog box that appears if you click the Options button has the basic set of TrueType import options Convert TrueType outlines into Type 1 outlines Wi Save TrueType hinting information l Autohint imported font _ Decompose all composite glyphs Convert TrueType outlines to Type 1 outlines In TypeTool you can work with Type 1 based on 34 order Bezier curves or TrueType based o
87. ete node command Note If you Crri click the mouse button while editing the curve using the non node editing method or while you are moving the control points of a curve the curve will not be removed Instead it will change to a straight line You can use the Edit gt Delete and Edit gt Cut commands to remove nodes and other selected elements of a glyph as well Usually deleting a selection breaks the contours Deleting Lines and Curves You can delete a whole line or curve with the Knife tool Activate the Knife tool with the button on the Tools toolbar 4 or click 3 on the keyboard Press the OpTIOoN key and click on the line you want to delete Note that with this method you will always break the outline ry You can use the Edit gt Delete the DEL or BACKSPACE key and Edit gt Cut commands to remove the active curve or vector as well 155 156 Eraser Tool The Eraser tool S can be used to quickly remove nodes Sometimes this is necessary for example with contours from an auto tracing program The eraser tool can work in two modes like a standard eraser or as a rectangle eraser In the first mode all nodes that are inside the rectangle of the eraser mouse cursor are deleted In the second mode you define a rectangle by clicking and dragging as when you select nodes with the Edit tool or change the zoom of a Glyph Window and all the nodes inside the rectangle are removed The first eraser like mode is the def
88. f the values for Microsoft Character set ANSI The Font has all the characters necessary to represent the standard Windows Latin 1 character set No reencoding is necessary Symbol The font is symbolic with a custom encoding vector It should appear as Symbol in Windows applications and the font s own encoding vector should be used to access characters OEM The font has MS DOS characters This setting is rarely used in Type 1 fonts Bitstream This is a normal text font but it has its own encoding that should be used to access characters This setting is highly recommended for all text fonts with a non standard encoding vector Arabic The font has Arabic encoding Other values cover more codepages that may be supported by the font Choose the codepage that is the default for your font The Macintosh Script and FOND ID A Macintosh script is used to calculate the correct value of the FOND ID parameter used in Macintosh font suitcases to differentiate fonts The Script is necessary to properly identify a font in multiple language non Unicode programs You can use the list of all the possible Macintosh Scripts to automatically calculate the FOND ID in the correct range TypeTool will generate a random value or you can manually enter the FOND ID and TypeTool will automatically select the script related to that value You may change this field later when exporting your font in any of the Macintosh formats And certainly this field is
89. g font files you may want to set some options that can help you get started more quickly In the following sections we will discuss all the font opening settings We will use some technical terms that will be discussed in more detail later but if you want to check the definitions now you can find them in the Index All the opening options are accessible through the Import Options dialog box To open this dialog box use the Options button in the middle left area of the File Open dialog box Import Options Type 1 Import Options _ Decompose all composite glyphs W Generate Unicode indexes for all glyphs TrueType Import Options Convert TrueType outlines into Type 1 outlines ra Save TrueType hinting information _ Autohint imported font _ Decompose all composite glyphs d Cancel 41 42 The same options are available in both Type 1 and TrueType pages of the TypeTool Preferences dialog box accessible through the Preferences command of the Application menu TypeTool _ About TypeTool About FontLab Products Preferences Services b Hide TypeTool H Hide Others wH Quit TypeTool 0 Type 1 Import Options There are two options in opening Type 1 fonts Decompose all composite glyphs and Generate Unicode indexes for all glyphs _ Decompose all composite glyphs W Generate Unicode indexes for all glyphs If the first option is on then TypeTool will decompose all composite glyphs in the imported fo
90. good deal of hard work by individuals and companies They are valuable intellectual property and are protected by trademark copyright and patent laws The details and extent of this protection vary in different countries but the basics are as follows Trademark A font name and only the name may be trademarked Only the trademark owner or licensees may use the name to describe a font Copyright Computer programs are copyrighted In the U S A this happens automatically as soon as the program is written Further rights may be secured by registering the copyright Patent Some fonts if they are distinctive and unusual enough may be granted a design patent Only the patent holder or licensees may use this font design If you purchase a font and then modify it for your own use you are probably within the bounds of fair use and the font licensing agreement However if you modify a purchased font and then sell or distribute it you may be in violation of copyright patent or licensing laws Please read your font license agreement carefully or contact the licenser to determine your rights and obligations TypeTool User Interface Before we start talking about fonts and the TypeTool font editing features let s spend some time learning the TypeTool user interface For the most part it is a standard Macintosh interface so if you know how to navigate in Mac OS you will feel comfortable with TypeTool In other parts it is unique and t
91. hat a brush It can be round or calligraphic A calligraphic brush can be of any size and slant angle IN Line Used to draw straight lines with a selected brush ee ee EENET installed in the system fai es ii oe sities ales E E E EEE EER fa m ae a PAPAE AALE ERENER EREA AEEA 201 202 Pen Contour Tool With the Contour tool you can create new contours or modify existing contours in a more artistic manner than with the Edit tool When you use the Contour tool you can draw new contours just as you do on paper TypeTool will trace your drawing and replace it with a series of curves and lines How to create a new contour If you begin a contour in a free area where the cursor has its ordinary shape you will define a new contour If you want to begin a new contour but its starting point is on an existing contour press the Cop key to force TypeTool to create a new contour How to modify an existing contour When you move the cursor of the Contour tool onto an existing contour or node it changes If you begin drawing without holding down the Cop key the new contour will be inserted into the existing one If the finishing point of your drawing is on an existing contour also and the starting and finishing points are on the same contour then the new drawing will replace the part of the existing contour that lies between the starting and finishing points How to draw a single curve Hold the Surrr key down
92. hat is where we will focus Some of the interface elements in TypeTool 2 are completely customizable and from this chapter you will learn how to change the TypeTool interface so it will best fit your needs Please note that further in the book we will refer to menu commands toolbar buttons and keyboard shortcuts as they appear in the default TypeTool environment under Mac OS X v 10 2 prior to any modifications you may make All screenshots for the book illustration were also made under Mac OS X v 10 2 14 Basic Terms We cannot go any further without defining a few terms that are critical to understanding TypeTool and fonts in general Character The minimal unit of the written language a part of the alphabet a symbol Any picture that can be recognized as having the same meaning represents the same character AAGARA All the pictures above mean the character A Please note that sometimes pictures that look the same represent different characters A Latin A A Cyrillic A A Greek Alpha Characters have codes that are used to store text data on a computer Glyph The basic element of the font literally an image that is printed All glyphs are unique even if they represent the same character Glyphs are used to represent characters Please note that many different glyphs may be used to represent the same character even in the same font ttt Font An organized collection of glyphs a
93. he control box you can set the position of the component more precisely because the cross will snap to the guiding elements while moving Pressing the Suirt key will constrain the movement to the horizontal and vertical directions pressing Cmp SuirFt allows the component to move only horizontally When you move the component it will stick to its original position You must hold down the Option key to avoid this You can also use the keyboard to move the component Arrow keys move the component in one font unit increments and the SHirr arrow keys increase movement to 10 units To scale a component position the mouse cursor on one of the handles press the mouse button and drag the mouse to change the size of the component Hold the Suirr key down to constrain the proportions of the component Just click outside the component s control box to accept the changes you can also press the RETURN or ENTER key on the keyboard or press the Esc key to reject the changes You can also click another component to select it for editing Some other useful commands are available in the popup menu that appears if you Crri click the editing area while component tool is active Decompose Decomposes adds the outline to the composite glyph the current component Delete Removes the component Reset Shift Moves the component to the position 0 0 Set Scale 100 Sets the scale at 100 for the component Note that the Type 1 font format does not
94. he currently selected codepage if codepage codepage if the Font window is in Codepages mode mode is active We recommend setting the Select encoding automatically option as the default because it covers most exporting situations very well Generation of Bitmaps On the Macintosh Type 1 fonts must have associated bitmap fonts for the screen that are necessary for the system to store the font s metrics TypeTool can automatically generate bitmap fonts with one of three rasterizers Choose among the build in rasterizer or ATSUI on Mac OS X If you are using classic system and have ATM installed then choose among the build in and ATM s rasterizers Use Built in You can request several sizes of bitmap fonts in the Type 1 exporting options section Generate bitmaps for size s 1s 16 24 Enter the point sizes of the bitmaps you want to export with the Mac Type 1 font separating values by a space or comma 97 TrueType Export Options TrueType export options are concentrated in the TrueType page of the Preferences dialog box TrueType Export rd Export hinted TrueType fonts rd Keep existing TrueType instructions wi Export visual TrueType hints W Autohint unhinted glyphs Use following EE to build cmap 1 0 table Mac OS Roman default There are two groups of TrueType export options glyph export including control over instructions and Unicode export Glyph Options Glyph export options control h
95. he font s glyphs the OK button will be disabled and you will not be able to assign that name Switch the option on to allow TypeTool to replace glyphs Use the next option to control how TypeTool does the replacement Use the Unicode edit field to change a glyph s Unicode indexes You may enter more than one Unicode index separated by a space Use the Auto button to find the Unicode indexes mapped to a glyph s name in TypeTool s database Press the OK button to assign a new name to the glyph You will see that the glyph moves to a new place in the Font window depending on the currently selected encoding vector or codepage If you want to rename more glyphs press the Rename Next Glyph button A new name will be assigned to the current glyph as if you had pressed the OK button and data from the next glyph will appear for editing 79 80 The Font Map Panel When you work with really big Unicode encoded fonts you may need to have an overview of your whole font TypeTool has a special panel called the Font Map which can represent the entire Unicode code space as a 256 x 256 picture where every pixel represents a double byte code Every pixel row in this picture represents a Unicode page 256 Unicode indexes which begin with the same code For example codes A700 A7FF will form one row Every pixel in the row represents an individual code To open the Font Map panel use the Font Map panel command in the Window menu You
96. he size of the placed text will be 10 times the selected point size For instance if you select a 24 pt font you will get a string that will be 240 units in height Press OK to enter the string or Cancel to abort this operation 207 208 Working with Composite Glyphs Composite glyphs are glyphs made up of two or more components like a letter plus an accent One or more of the components are referenced I e their contours are not actually present in the composite glyph but are copied from and linked to some other character Thus whenever the original component contour is changed all the composite glyphs that copy the component also change The contour of composite components appears in dashed lines in the glyph window Composites have the advantage of allowing the user to create only one instance of a component that is frequently found in a font and reusing it without having to redraw it each time Further if the design of the component changes it need only be altered once in the original component And finally a composite takes up less room in the font than an outline allowing for smaller font files There are three operations related to composite glyphs adding a component to glyphs decomposing a component and positioning a component In TypeTool 2 0 you cannot create composite glyphs or add components to glyphs But you can decompose a component or position a component in the composite glyphs of imported font Dec
97. he top a list in the middle an options area and three buttons at the bottom In the simplest case you can just press the OK button and get a font but usually some management is needed By default the list already contains a suitcase that will be generated from the font that was active when you select the File gt Generate Mac Suitcase command Click on the triangle on the left of the suitcase icon to see its contents If you feel the style is not what you ve expected click Cancel and check the fonts Font Info fields carefully The toolbar contains the following buttons Add Opens the menu allowing you to add open fonts to the list eae standard File Open dialog allowing you to open suitcases from i i Opens the FOND Info dialog box for the selected suitcase or Font Info dialog box for the selected font What you can do with these commands To add all fonts that have been opened with TypeTool in their Font windows click on the Add button and select the Add all command from the Arial Arial Bold Arial Italic Arial Bolditalic FLCaslon TypeTool checks the FOND Name field in every open font and creates suitcases one for every different FOND name If several fonts have this field the same they will be combined in one suitcase with this name If the list of suitcases is not empty and it is so after you select the File gt Generate Mac Suitcase command you have the possibility to add only those fonts that ar
98. icode 43 52 57 99 225 Codepages 58 Consortium 57 duplicating 73 Unique ID 115 UPM 117 137 V VectorPaint 9 200 205 Brush 201 203 Contour 201 202 Ellipse 201 206 Line 201 206 options 203 Pen 201 Rectangle 201 206 Text 201 207 Vendor Code 115 Vertical Metrics 199 VFA 39 85 VFB 37 39 Visual Ascender 133 Visual Descender 133 W WinAscent 121 WinDescent 121 www fontlab com 36 84 X x height 118 XUID 115 Z zoom mode 131 255
99. idden make the node that you want to edit visible switch nodes on with the View gt Show Layers gt Nodes menu or click near the node to make it visible If you missed and an incorrect node is highlighted use the PAGE Down and Pace UP keys to move to the correct node 446 211 Drag the node to the new place It will stick to other layers if they are visible and snap to those layers that are activated View gt Snap to layers menu Hold down the Suirt key to constrain the direction of the node s movement in 15 degree increments and to snap the cursor to the original node s position Options If you are moving a node that is connecting two Bezier curves you have the following options 1 Ifthe connection of the curves is smooth press the Suirr key before clicking the node to constrain movement to a line between the curves control points a Via 2 Ifthe connection is sharp press the OpTION key at any time while dragging the node to move it without the adjacent control points r 3 Ifthe connection is smooth press the OPTION key before moving the connecting node to keep the connection s curvature optimised Hold down the Cm key to involve all 4 control points in the process 149 150 4 When you are editing control points of a Bezier curve press the SHIFT key before clicking the button to keep the direction of the control vector unchanged ZZ a 5 Ifyou are moving a control point of a curve with
100. idth Maximum character width for the family Style mapping flags Font Class Font name needs This option is switched on if the font name needs coordinating coordinating Font family creates the When this option is switched on the Outline style of the outline style by changing family will be created by changing PaintType a PaintType PostScript variable to 2 Font family doesn t allow This option is switched on if the font family disallows simulation of the outline simulating the Outline style by smearing the glyph and style whiting out the middle Font family doesn t allow This option is switched on if the font family disallows simulation of the bold simulating the Bold style by smearing the glyphs style Font family simulates the This option is switched on if the font family simulates the bold style by increasing Bold style by increasing the point size point size Font family doesn t allow This option is switched on if the font family disallows simulation of the italic simulating the Italic style style Font family doesn t allow This option is switched on if the font family disallows simulation of the automatic simulation of the style Condensed condensed style Font family doesn t allow This option is switched on if the font family disallows simulation of the automatic simulation of the style Extended extended style Font family should have This option is switched on if the font family should have no additional no additiona
101. iest way to open fonts in TypeTool is to drag drop font files from Finder Even if TypeTool is not running you can drag drop files onto its icon on the desktop or in the Dock to run TypeTool with those fonts open Font Formats TypeTool can import outline fonts in any of following formats Format Extension Description Mac Suitcase none or dfont TrueType fonts in Macintosh compatible resource based form or Mac OS X compatible data fork based form Mac Type 1 none Single Master or Multiple Master PostScript fonts in Macintosh compatible resource based form PC Type 1 Binary PFB PostScript fonts in Windows compatible binary form PC Type 1 ASCII PFA PostScript fonts printer downloadable form this format is also used in most Unix based operating systems PC Multiple PFBorPFA Special version of PostScript fonts in binary Master or ASCII form PC TrueType TTF TrueType fonts that are standard in Windows and Macintosh operating systems now FontLab 2 5 VFA Fonts in FontLab 2 5 internal format FontLab 3 0 VFB Native format of FontLab 3 0 4 0 and 4 5 and TypeTool 1 0 and 2 0 TypeTool cannot open and edit Multiple Master fonts but you may import a single master instance Note that TypeTool 2 0 cannot open font files that were created in FontLab 2 0 The default extension of those files is VFA same as FontLab 2 5 fonts but they are not compatible with TypeTool 2 0 If you want to move fonts from the FontLab 2 0 format to TypeToo
102. iew appears in the preview panel and press OK or enter more information to narrow your search 77 78 Renaming Glyphs Usually it is not necessary to manually rename glyphs because their names and Unicode indexes are assigned automatically when you move glyphs in the Font window But if you want to see the information and correct it select the Rename Glyph command from the Glyph menu Or just press Cmp on the keyboard You will see a dialog box Rename Glyph Current glyph name and Unicode index es Hae UH 0041 New glyph name and Unicode index es HANE A gt uJ 0041 Bua Options _ Replace existing glyphs with the same name or Unicode index wi Keep replaced glyphs with the new name or Unicode index Rename Next Glyph j Cancel 5 ing In the top part of the dialog box you see the current name and Unicode index indexes of the glyph In the middle there are two edit fields where you may change the information Below them lie the options controls To change a glyph s name enter a new name in the Name field If this glyph has a properly assigned Unicode index and you want to find the name mapped to that index in TypeTool s database press the Auto button to the right of the edit field and TypeTool will fill in the Name field for you If the option Replace existing glyphs with the same name or Unicode index option is not checked then if you enter a name that is already assigned to one of t
103. iles TypeTool will create a backup copy of the existing font file before overwriting it with the new one If you are working with a new font or you want to select the destination directory or change the name of the file use the File gt Save As command After you select File gt Save As in the menu you will see the standard File Save dialog box Save Save As Apple le LiSung Light afb Where FE Desktop Desktop sid S EL l Cancel 1 Choose the destination folder enter the file name and click Save to save your font 69 70 Autosave If you want to protect yourself from system or program crashes you can use the Autosave function that will periodically save the current font To activate and customize this feature open the Application gt Pre ferences dialog box and select the General page In the top part of the page you will see the Autosave controls Autosave fonts every 10 minutes Use the check box to activate Autosave and enter the time interval in minutes at which you want to save the font Font will be saved into the Autosave folder subfolder in the TypeTool directory and will be named using the following structure Fontfilename save vfb where fontfilename is the name of the font file to which you manually saved the font the last time If Autosave was active and you have a system or program crash you can open your last saved font from the TypeTool Autosave folder Copying a
104. ilmn A character mapping standard is a set of rules that defines the relation between characters and the codes that are used to represent these characters in the computer There are many mapping standards used in the world to help use different languages The main difference between mapping standards is the size of the code There are one byte double byte and multi byte mapping standards With a one byte mapping standard only 8 bits of information is used to represent each character so it s possible to use only 256 characters A Double byte mapping standard uses two bytes 16 bits for every character So it s possible to map 65536 characters Multibyte mapping standards use from one to four bytes for every character expanding the code space to billions of characters 51 52 One byte encoding standards are enough to represent most Western languages but they run out of room if more than one language needs to be supported or in the case of Eastern languages that use very big alphabets Even double byte encoding standards cannot cover all the characters of the world The most well known and widely used double byte encoding standard is Unicode Character and Glyph Identification To simplify access to the characters in the font each character has an identifier an integer number or a text name All font formats allow you to quickly locate a character whose identifier is known A printing or previewing program that wants to ou
105. is 1000 and 410 if UPM is 2048 133 Bezier Drawing Tools All operations performed with the editing tools can be undone with the Undo command of the Edit menu or just by clicking the Undo button on the toolbar at the top of the Glyph Window You can undo up to 200 operations All undone operations can be redone with the Redo command of the Edit menu or with the Redo button on the toolbar Use twelve different Edit Tools You can easily choose one of the tools using the Tools toolbar mS 4 e Afzan Alternatively you may use the keys from 1 to 8 to quickly select edit tools Edit Main tool used to drag objects on the editing layers and perform other operations Eraser This tool is used to quickly remove unnecessary nodes Knife Tool to insert nodes and break outlines Meter A special tool to measure distances between nodes etc Add Corner Tools to create new contours or insert nodes Add Curve Add Tangent 8 Bezier Drawing Tool to draw the contour with the Bezier curves Rotate Tools to quickly transform outlines Slant Scale Transform Temporary Activating the Edit Tool You can temporary activate the Edit tool gt from any other tool Just click on the Cmp key on the keyboard Second click on the Cmp key will return the tool you were using before 134 Snap to Distance In the following sections we will discuss how to use the Edit tools to modify the outline and other editing layers Al
106. ist If you open this dialog while the Glyph window is active the transformation filter will be applied only to the glyph currently open If you open it while the Font window is active then the transformation will be applied to all selected glyphs Transformation of many glyphs is not undoable To select an operation use the Select an action list Contour Hints and Guidelines p Metrics Expand one of the categories to see all the actions Contour Mirror H Reverse all N Rotate 15 00 CW Z Scale 80 00 100 00 HMZ Shift 0 0 Slant 12 00 R Z Select an action and you will see an action customization panel appear below the list Current action Rotate glyph Rotation angle 15 Clockwise Counterclockwise Rotate around Origin point 0 0 Rotation center 0 gt 0 The contents of the customization panel depend on the action selected After you select a transformation action and set its options press the OK button to begin transformation If you are transforming more than one glyph a warning message will appear telling you how many glyphs you will modify and asking you to confirm the transformation Transformation of many glyphs is not undoable so it s a good idea to save your font before taking this action Below you will find a detailed description of each available transformation action 243 Transformation Actions There are three groups of actions Contour The outline of a glyph is tr
107. l 2 0 use PC Type 1 Binary as an intermediate format If you have fonts in a different font editor s own font format and you want to open these fonts in TypeTool 2 0 export the fonts in the Type 1 Binary format using the other font editor and then open the Type 1 fonts in TypeTool 39 40 Multiple Master Fonts Multiple Master fonts contain several font styles called master fonts in one font file The Multiple Master font format is an extension of the Type 1 font format A program that uses a Multiple Master font can select not only one of the master fonts but also any intermediate style created by interpolation of the master fonts So it can use not only Bold Normal Narrow or Wide styles but any style in between such as 30 Weight and 47 Width With TypeTool you cannot open and edit Multiple Master fonts Instead you have the possibility to create a regular single master font from an instance of a Multiple Master font When you select a Multiple Master font for import the Choose Instance dialog appears Choose Instance TypeTool cannot open and edit Multiple Master fonts However you may choose to create a single master instance Choose design position to create instance ABCabcl123 Weight Width OpticalSize P ST Cancel Use the controls to select the intermediate design Click OK and TypeTool will generate a single master font and open it in a new Font Window Import Options Before openin
108. l an exported Type 1 font in Windows you must have the PFM or AFM IMNF files We recommend making all these files when you finally produce a font so that your font will be compatible with various environments Encoding Selection Options The dialog has a list of possible encoding export options Encoding options v Always write custom encoding Always write Standard Encoding Export Unicode codepage if codepage mode is active Select encoding automatically When a Type 1 font is exported you have the choice of including a custom encoding vector in its body or just exporting a StandardEncoding key word that means that the font has the standard set of glyphs and that the standard system remapping tables may be applied to it StandardEncoding is the recommended choice if your font is a typical Latin font If the font is in a non standard encoding like Cyrillic Greek or Arabic you must export it with the specific encoding In this case the encoding that is currently selected in the Font window will be saved with the font and system will use it to access glyphs If your font contains many glyphs that can cover more than one encoding then system will take the main encoding if present in the font or if assumed as in the case of StandardEncoding as the base encoding and will take all the other possible encodings from it How ATM Interprets a StandardEncoding When a Type 1 font has StandardEncoding ATM assumes that this font includes all th
109. l other tools will be explicitly named When you need to select a node or any other object on any of the layers you need to click it with the mouse You don t need to click the object precisely but you must be within a certain distance which is called the snap to distance Snap to is used when you select an object for which the feature is allowed By default the snap to distance is set to 3 screen pixels but you can change it on the Glyph Window page of the Preferences dialog box Snap to zone around a node Snap to distance 3 135 Editing Layers In TypeTool every glyph contains several editing layers Some of them are used when the font is exported others are TypeTool only and are used to help you work with the glyph Below is the list of all the layers that you can see in the Glyph Window Later we will describe them in full detail Ei Outline Main layer containing the glyph s outline There is no button to switch the outline layer off oe a oa CC ee a a oe rare Sesatahakatate ee ie fixed distance Glyph metrics Glyph metrics left and right sidebearings and a baseline Vertical Font s vertical metrics such as ascender descender or cap metrics height You can control the layers appearance and features with the View menu Show layers Lists all layers and a few other options and lets you switch them on or off You cannot switch off hide the outline layer Snap to layers Co
110. l spacing other than the space character intercharacter spacing To get full information about the parameters represented in the FOND Info dialog refer to Inside Macintosh Text Font Manager http developer apple com techpubs mac Text Text 181 html 93 94 Export Options There are two methods of selecting export options The basic set of TrueType and Type 1 options is available if you press the Options button in the Generate Font or Export Mac Suitcase dialog box If you need to get access to all the options use the Type 1 and TrueType pages of the Application gt Preferences dialog box This is what you see if you click on the Options button in the Generate font or Export Mac Suitcase dialog box Export Options Type 1 Export Options Mi Make PEM file M Make AFM and INF files Encoding options Export Unicode codepage if codepage mode is active TrueType Export Options rd Export hinted TrueType fonts rd Keep existing TrueType instructions rd Export visual TrueType hints Autohint unhinted glyphs The Export Options dialog box consists of two areas Type 1 export options and TrueType export options In the following sections we will discuss exporting options in full detail Type 1 Export Options Type 1 exporting options in the Export Options dialog box are a subset of the options accessible in the Application gt Preferences gt Type 1 dialog box Usually the subset is enough but sometimes you may need to cus
111. lant Slant angle 12 Slant to the right Slant to the left Slant center Origin point 0 0 This action slants glyphs It s the quickest way to make an oblique version of your font Just apply this transformation to all the font s glyphs and correct the Font Info settings to let the operating system know that this font is now oblique Here is a sample of Slant transformation Sample is slanted 12 degrees to the right and text is slanted 30 degrees left Sample Hints and Guidelines Transformation Hints transformation actions let you automate hinting actions Remove hints guides Remove horizontal hints Remove horizontal guidelines rd Remove vertical hints l Remove vertical guidelines Use this action to remove hints or guidelines in selected glyphs This action is the equivalent of the Remove Hints and Remove Guides commands that were described in the Glyph Window chapter 249 250 Metrics Transformation This transformation lets you automatically increase or decrease a glyph s sidebearings and width Set Sidebearings Left sidebearing Set equa 50 Right sidebearing Set equa au Use this action to change the sidebearings values of the glyphs You can set new values for the left or right sidebearings or change these values by entering the amount in font units So if you think that your font needs some more white space just select this action choose the I
112. matic Metrics Generation You want to generate metrics for Current character only How much white space do you want to leave around glyphs l Medium Ke p Custom metrics i4 30 iki 30 When do you want to keep existing metrics i if new metrics will differ not more than How much must the shape of glyphs inflate to generate metrics f Medium HH This dialog box includes two areas Area of application and Parameters In the first area you select the glyph s to which the automatic algorithm will be applied The possible choices are Current character This option is available and is the default if any glyph is only selected in the editing area All glyphs in the This option generates metrics for all glyphs in the current current string string in the editing area Whole font This forces TypeTool to generate metrics for all glyphs in the font and is not generally recommended This operation is not undoable You can choose the parameters for the algorithm in the Parameters area of the Autometrics dialog box All the parameters are displayed We recommend that you experiment with various parameters using the autometrics application 231 232 Editing Kerning To edit kerning data switch the Metrics Window to Kerning mode by pushing the x button in the toolbar or select the Edit Kerning command in the popup menu that appears if you Crri click in the editing area of the Metrics Window To make
113. metrics Italic angle 0 Slant angle 0 vi Synchronize Slant and Italic angles Underline 292 Thickness 150 Font is monospaced Font BBox 455 431 2048 1869 The page has several editing fields with numbers and a sample window where an appropriate character is displayed to help set correct values Other fields on this page mean Ascender Position of the font s ascender line Usually this is the height of the lowercase b character Descender Position of the font s descender line Usually this is the position of the bottom line of the p character Caps height Height of the fonts uppercase characters Usually the height of the F character x height Height of the lowercase characters Usually the height of the x character Italic angle Actual italic or oblique angle for the font The italic angle is measured in the counterclockwise direction so the default value is 12 Slant angle Type 1 fonts can be artificially slanted to get an oblique appearance while keeping the actual outlines upright Enter a slant angle value in degrees here and check the result in the Preview panel Thickness This is the thickness of the underline line If you press the Recalculate dimensions button TypeTool will automatically recalculate all the dimension values Ascender Descender and Type 1 fonts If you are making a Type 1 font you should set the Ascender and Descender values very ca
114. metrics select the option Calculate values automatically If you want to customize values select the Set Custom values option and edit data in the fields below Note that if you choose Set Custom values but leave all data unchanged TypeTool will restore the original vertical metrics data from the imported font and the new updated font will align exactly as the original one Here is a description of each value Typo Ascender This is the typographically correct ascender value It is the topmost line of lowercase characters usually the topmost line of the b character Typo Descender The same as Typo Ascender but for the lowest line Usually it is equal to the bottom line of the character p Typo Line Gap Typographically correct line gap value distance between bottom line of the upper line of text and top line of the lower line of text WinAscent OS 2 This value defines the topmost line of all important characters in the font Important characters are all non exceptional characters For example if most of the characters have the topmost position at 900 font units and one not often used character has it at 1300 font units it s a good idea to set WinAscent at 900 units Note that in most cases portions of the characters that are above the WinAscent value will not appear on the screen or print on some printers Please note that WinAscent is NOT a typography ascender usually measured as the topmost line of
115. modify it hold down the Cmp key while clicking on the line or curve If you drag a point on a curve its control vectors may change direction h To fix the direction of the control vectors hold down the OpTion key and double click the node You will see the connection mark turn yellow OpTion double click it again to remove the fixed state Alternatively you can Crri click the node and use the Connection gt Fixed option to control this feature 153 154 Changing Connection Type The type of connection between graphical primitives is very important in maintaining the smoothness of contours Connections can be of two types smooth and sharp To make connection marks visible click on the ka button on the Show Layers toolbar If a connection is smooth the direction of the adjacent curve control vectors or of the curve control vector and line is collinear and the contour is smooth at the connection To change the type of connection 1 Make the node visible 2 1 Double click the node 2 2 Crri click the node and select the connection type in the popup menu Break contour Connection am Smooth Contour ip Properties Deleting Nodes To delete nodes using the Edit tool 1 Begin moving the node by dragging it 2 While dragging Crri click the mouse button The node will be removed 1 Move the mouse cursor onto the node and Crri click the mouse button 2 Inthe popup menu choose the Del
116. n The TrueType font format includes all metrics information so it is not necessary to export additional files Same with Macintosh fonts However if you want to export a metrics file alone you can always do so by using the Metrics Window Just press the button on the Metrics Window toolbar The Standard Save File dialog box appears Save As Untitled afm Where EE Desktop Desktop sid Show RZ ee Printer Font Metrics es Cancel Select the destination format Adobe Font Metrics or Printer Font Metrics for single master fonts and the destination folder Enter the file name and press the Save button to save the metrics file 239 240 Printing a Sample String While you are in the Metrics Window you can print sample strings with or without metrics and kerning information To do so select the Print command in the File menu You will see the standard Print dialog box where you select the printer and modify printing options Press Print to begin printing TypeTool will print the string that is currently selected for editing or previewing in the Metrics Window The size of the printed string will be the same that is selected for previewing on the screen The string may occupy more than one line or even more than one page on the paper if necessary If metrics or kerning editing mode is selected additional information will be printed below the baseline in metrics mode the widths of the glyphs and the gly
117. n 2 4 order splines outlines If you open a TrueType font and plan to export this font as TrueType it s better to keep the original outlines to avoid conversion errors But if you plan to export your font as a Type 1 font then we recommend converting the outlines on import You can convert the outlines in either direction at any time using TypeTool commands Save TrueType hinting information Leave this option on if you want to keep the original TrueType instructions and outlines TypeTool will keep the imported TrueType data until you change the glyph s outline If you import a TrueType font to rearrange glyphs or to add some new glyphs we highly recommend saving the original TrueType hinting data Autohint imported font To prepare an imported TrueType font for Type 1 editing and export you may ask TypeTool to automatically generate Type 1 hints for all the glyphs TypeTool will use special algorithm and will make hints for TrueType or Type 1 outlines depending on the conversion setting Convert TrueType outlines to Type 1 outlines Decompose all composite glyphs This option works exactly the same as for Type 1 fonts Creating a New Font If you want to create a new font from scratch you select the New command from the File menu TypeTool will create an empty font that will not have any characters and will open an empty Font Window You may then add new glyphs To make your font usable you must also fill in the important Fon
118. ncrease by option in the popup menus and enter the value by which you want to increase the sidebearings Here is a sample of increased glyph widths Index A Actions 83 186 hints and guidelines 198 244 list 243 metrics 244 outline 186 244 Adobe Illustrator 174 213 Adobe Standard Encoding 55 AFM 9 95 220 237 239 Al 213 ANSI 55 225 Arabic 125 Ascender 118 121 ATM 90 97 ATSUI 90 97 Autohint 44 98 autokerning 9 Automatic Kerning Generation 234 Automatic Metrics Generation 230 Autosave 70 autospacing 9 baseline 188 190 227 properties panel 190 Bezier curves 44 141 161 Bitmaps 97 Bitstream 125 blue marks 141 Break 164 BTBD 122 C Caps height 118 cell 48 Character 14 52 Character mapping standard 51 Character Set 125 OEM 125 ShiftJIS 125 Symbol 125 Characters deleting 74 characters cells 47 Codepages 58 124 Double byte 61 Codepages mode 53 Component 210 properties panel 212 Composite 43 208 composite characters 208 connections 143 186 Context Menu 17 65 continuous 64 Contours 139 drawing 200 joining 164 merging 186 187 selecting 170 smoothing 145 convert curve to vector 163 copy 71 172 Copy characters 71 Copying characters 72 Copyright 111 cubic b splines 141 cut 172 Cyrillic 55 58 D decompose 43 44 decomposing 208 209 Deleting Characters 74 Deleting Nodes 155 Descender 121
119. nd Pasting Glyphs To copy selected glyphs select the Copy command from the Edit menu Note that this copies not only the glyph outline but also the glyph information such as its name The selected glyphs will be placed in the Clipboard and can be pasted into the same font or into another font by the Paste command from the same menu Glyphs from the Clipboard will be placed starting from the first selected glyph in the destination font If the destination position is occupied by existing glyphs a warning dialog box appears You have dropped glyphs at the places used by the glyphs with names listed below Six seven eight nine colon semicolon 7 wi Keep replaced symbols under new names _ Cancel If you select the Cut command instead of the Copy command the glyphs will be copied to the Clipboard but will be deleted from the source positions You can choose the Paste command when the Glyph window is active In this case the outlines layer of the first copied glyph will be added to the open glyph 71 72 Copying Glyphs to Another Font You can use two methods to copy glyphs from one font to another 1 Use the Copy and Paste commands from the Edit menu as described in the Copying glyphs section or 2 Drag them to the other font and drop them there The drag and drop method is easier and more visual Copying Composite Glyphs If you copy composite glyphs instead of having their own outlines comp
120. nd font header information Usually glyphs that are united in a font have some similarities in design and other properties In the past a font was defined as a single size of the characters of a particular typeface Now since fonts are scalable the term font covers all possible sizes of the same typeface design Encoding When text is printed an important process takes place character to glyph mapping The source text in computer form is a list of codes that represents a list of characters A font see above is a collection of glyphs So there must be some way to relate characters to glyphs so that when the computer s operating system encounters a certain character it knows which glyph to print This mapping or vector is called the encoding Sometimes the encoding information resides within the font itself as part of the header and other times it is in a separate file Font Family It is important to know the difference between a font and a font family A font family is a set of fonts that represents some design idea Times is a font family sometimes called typeface Times Bold Italic is a font A font family may include from one to a few dozen fonts 15 16 Glyph name The only identification of a glyph other than its visual appearance is its name A Western glyph name consists of Latin characters digits and punctuation It is highly reeommended you name glyphs in accordance with th
121. not needed when saving the font for Windows 125 The Glyph Window The Glyph Window is a standard tool in all FontLab based applications It is a universal and very powerful contour editing module that also allows you to perform many font specific operations Glyph Window Contents Open the Glyph Window by double clicking any character sample in the Font Window or Metrics Window 6 6 Glyph 77 M from EirinnAsciiLL k 759 955 Fa ak ah a0 rif a0 go p 60 F BO SO 120 iso f The Glyph Window The Glyph Window has the following parts e Toolbar area e Toolbar area expand collapse button e Editing Field e Top and left rulers e Left Top box e Scroll Bars e Lock button e Meter panel button 128 The Local Toolbar is the command center of the Glyph Window You can switch it on and off by pressing the small button at the top of the vertical scroll bar H There is a popup menu with zoom selection and two pairs of buttons The first pair of buttons is used to select the zoom mode The second pair of buttons is used to apply Undo and Redo operations Below the Local toolbar and at the left of the window you may see rulers that are used to preview positions of various structures in the glyph space You may switch the rulers on and off with the View gt Rulers command or using the context menu that appears if you Crri click one of the rulers 129 130 Selecting a Glyph for Editing You can open a glyph
122. nt Composite glyphs have no unique outline themselves but borrow outlines from other font glyphs Good examples of composite glyphs are accented glyphs like A a or i In each of these the composite character is composed of a character glyph outline and an accent glyph outline from elsewhere in the font It s usually not necessary to decompose site glyphs on import But if you want to markedly rearrange the glyphs and do not want to worry about composites you can use this option Of course you can always decompose the glyphs later using TypeTool commands When TypeTool opens TrueType fonts it always decomposes composite glyphs that have rotated or slanted components The second option is usually on We strongly recommend keeping it that way if you plan to convert your Type 1 font to the TrueType format The TrueType font format uses Unicode indexes to access characters so having the indexes set properly is paramount However if you do not plan to make a TrueType font you may switch this option off As in the case of the first option you can always make Unicode indexes later How TypeTool Makes Unicode Indexes In the TypeTool Mapping directory you will find the file STANDARD NAM This file contains a database that links the PostScript names of characters with Unicode indexes When you import a Type 1 font and the option Generate Unicode indexes for all characters is on TypeTool takes the name of every imported charact
123. ntrols which layers have the snap to feature activated If you frequently need to switch some layers on and off you can use the View gt Toolbars menu to open the Show Layers toolbar 0 Show Layers In the following sections we will describe all the editing layers and their modification and control 136 Outline Layer The Outline layer is the most important of all the layers It stores information about the glyph shape while all the other TypeTool editing layers and most of the tools are designed to help you create good outlines Before we turn to the outline editing tools let s talk about outline structure Units of Measurement The coordinates of any object in the font are presented in a standard measurement system One unit of this system is called a font unit The scale of font units used in a particular font is the Units Per eM UPM font parameter The program that scales the font knows the UPM value of the font and can use it to properly scale it To get a text string of the same visible size a font that has a larger UPM value must be scaled with a smaller scale factor Usually Type 1 fonts have a UPM value of 1000 font units Therefore to get a text string with a height of 100 pixels assuming that we use a raster output device we would scale this font with a scale factor of 10 TrueType fonts usually have a UPM of 2048 units So to get a text string of 100 pixels we would scale this font with a scale factor of 4 9
124. ode and scroll bars to change the view in the editing field of the Glyph Window By using the scroll bars you can scroll the viewing field of a symbol With the zoom mode you can define how the symbol coordinates are converted to screen coordinates and vice versa If you choose a bigger zoom mode you will see a more detailed symbol and you can do the editing operations more precisely However in the larger zoom modes not all of the symbol will lie inside the editing field so you will have to use the scroll bars to see the different parts of the symbol There are fixed zoom modes and custom zoom modes You can select one of the fixed zoom modes in the Zoom popup menu located in the upper part of the Glyph Window 100 gt When you choose a fixed zoom mode TypeTool will return to this glyph mode on every Zoom Out command To magnify part of the glyph select the Zoom tool 3 button on the toolbar or the key on the keyboard and declare a custom zoom mode This mode is temporary and you can always return to the previously selected fixed zoom mode by clicking on the button or by clicking on the key Alternative keyboard shortcuts are Command Space then click Zoom in Sa a See eee ee eee then click RE EE ET eee I E RSS RT EERO ee EES DA Ae nee ade stn After you select the zoom tool lal move the mouse pointer to one of the corners of the rectangular area that you want to zoom on and press the mouse button Then h
125. ol find the plugins itself Press the button at the right of the list and TypeTool will automatically search for plugins on the available disks The button at the right of the list allows removal of the link to the plugin selected in the list Press the Reset All button to clear the list of plugins After you press the OK button the plugins added to the list will appear in the Tools gt External Tools menu to let you quickly launch them when needed TypeTool Windows There are only three types of Windows in TypeTool Font window Represents one of the opened fonts Glyph window Used to edit glyphs Metrics window Used to edit glyph metrics and kerning In this chapter we will provide only very basic information about the main windows Please refer to the Editing Fonts Glyph Window and Editing Font Metrics chapters to get detailed information about the windows and their features 25 26 Font Window As an exercise let s create a font in order to demonstrate the TypeTool Windows Use the New command in the File menu or click this button on the Standard toolbar oige You will see the Font window 68 66 Font Untitled RoE Ee Ee es amast na A hunga panne dearan dates tre ett i TuE ELA e e a l fn es e Enn BOAH a ao amper par dunt paren paren Ee i Bite fac Gl Om E i 4 3 fm Size Hla Tithe Name Mode Names T 4 As you can see this window has a footer with a few buttons
126. olding the mouse button down define the zoom in area by dragging the cursor to form a rectangle Release the button and the new zoom mode will be selected 131 132 Quick Zoom Selection You can quickly change the zoom mode of the Glyph Window by selecting the Zoom In or Zoom Out command from the View menu Alternatively you can click the Z key for zooming in or the X key for zooming out This command increases or decreases the zoom mode by a factor of two If the mouse cursor is in the editing area of the Glyph Window the new zoom mode will be centered around the cursor position These keys are active even when you drag something with one of the editing tools Vertical Alignment Options When you select 100 as the zoom value TypeTool needs to choose a scaling factor to fit the font unit space in the Glyph Window Two vertical levels in the font space define this scaling Visual Ascender and Visual Descender Visual Ascender Uwe Editing Field Visual Descender When you select 100 zoom it means that Visual Ascender is fitted to the top of the editing field and Visual Descender to the bottom The same values are used to build the icons that you see in the Font Window To set Visual metrics use the Glyph Window page of the Preferences dialog box Application gt Preferences menu Visual ascender and descender 100 amp 40 of UPM Values are measured in percentage of font UPM so 20 is 200 if UPM
127. omposing To decompose a composite glyph select the Decompose command from the Glyph menu or from the Glyph Window default popup menu The outlines of all components will be scaled and shifted according to their settings and added to the composite glyph If the component glyphs had hints then these hints will also be added and a hint replacement program will be automatically generated The link to the original component will be lost To decompose an individual component in a composite glyph CTRL click the component and select Decompose in the context menu EIE Delete Copy metrics Edit component Properties 209 210 Component Positioning To activate the component positioning operation activate the Edit tool position the mouse cursor on the component s outline and click the mouse button Alternately if the current glyph is composite only so if doesn t have any normal outlines use the PAGE UP and PAGE Down keys to select a component for editing You will see a control box surrounding the component with four corner handles a cross in the center a centerline and the number of the component in the components list To select another component use the PAGE UP and PaGE Down keys or the Tas key To move the component position the mouse cursor inside the control box press the mouse button and drag the control box to a new location If you position the cursor on the cross in the middle of t
128. ontLab vfb TypeTool internal font format This format it is used when you select the File gt Save As command 85 86 Below the format selection popup menu is the Options button that opens the Export Options dialog box described later in the chapter and a legend field that describes the currently selected options for TrueType and Type 1 formats d Options gt Type 1 options make PFM make AFM auto encoding TT OTF options hinted keep autohint visual export Unicode Check the export options in the dialog and press the Save button to export the font or Cancel to return back to font editing Exporting for Macintosh As far as Mac OS X now supports PC TrueType fonts you may choose this format available in the Generate Font dialog box described in the previous section We will describe here the font suitcase generating procedure Font Suitcases On the Macintosh fonts that belong to a font family are physically combined into a single file called a font suitcase The suitcase contains information about the font family in general and refers to the records that describe the fonts style encoding metrics and kerning information and some other data that is necessary for the Mac OS to use the font When Type 1 fonts are used on Macintosh files that contain actual Type 1 font definition data are stored in a separate file that is referenced from the font suitcase TypeTool has a special dialog to compose and export
129. ontal guidelines Global guidelines have an additional set of commands located in the Guideline Is submenu By selecting the commands in this submenu you can set the font parameters Ascender Descender Caps Height x Height or Visual Ascender and Descender that are used to set 100 zoom in the Glyph Window Guidelines Properties Panel To open the guideline properties panel CMp click the guideline or CTRL click it and choose the Properties command from the popup menu 6 Guide Properties In this properties panel you can change the position and slant angle of a guideline To apply the changes press the ENTER key or just click anywhere outside the property panel 195 196 Hints Layer Hints are used by the font rasterizer to improve a glyph s appearance on devices with low output resolution like computer monitors or low res printers There are two hinting methods applied to Type 1 fonts hints for TrueType fonts are always generated automatically font level hinting and character level hinting Font level hinting is generated automatically in TypeTool so you don t have to edit it manually In the Glyph Window you can see Type 1 character level hints Character level hinting is applied to the characters stems Vertical stems Horizontal stem All important stems in a glyph should have stem hints a pair of vertical or horizontal lines The information in the hint includes not just the position of ea
130. ormation or press the Esc key to reject it You can use the arrow keys while the Transform tool is active to move the selection by one font unit in the direction of the key you clicked SHIFT ARROW keys move the selection by 10 font units at each key click Selection Commands When a part of the glyph is selected Crrui click it to get access to the popup menu Cut Copy Delete Transform Properties These commands are just copies of the Edit menu commands Cut Copies the selection to the Clipboard and removes it Gap ie ee a os 1 E E E e wa a e 179 180 Selection Properties Panel To make the Selection Properties panel visible choose the Properties command in the selection context popup menu or use the OPTION RETURN keyboard shortcut The Selection Properties panel is very simple 44 nodes selected Contours selected 7 i 2 257 i a3 710 Deselect It contains the following information about the selection the number of selected nodes the number of selected contours and the selection bounding box s bottom left and top right corner coordinates You can click on the Deselect button to discard the selection and get the Glyph Properties panel instead Transformation Panel The Transformation panel allows you to apply several simple transformat ions to the selected area or to the whole glyph To open the Transformation panel you can select the Transformation Panel command in the Win
131. osite glyphs are built from references to other glyph outlines to another font TypeTool will try to not decompose replace references to glyph with actual glyph copies them Instead it will try to find matching components in the glyph set that was copied or if some components are not present there in the destination font If TypeTool can completely restore composites in the destination font it will even keep TrueType hinting programs for these glyphs Drag and Drop of the Composite Glyphs If you prefer to use the drag and drop method to copy composite glyphs you have one additional option when you drop a composite glyph and TypeTool finds that one or more of its components were not selected to copy and do not present in the destination font it shows a message asking you if you want to copy all the missing components If your answer is Copy then TypeTool will automatically append all the necessary components to the destination font so that all the composites stay unchanged Duplicating Unicode Indexes In TypeTool you may assign more than one up to 63 actually Unicode indexes to a glyph Visually this means that a glyph that has several Unicode indexes will appear several times when the Codepages modes is selected in the Font window Both the original copy of the glyph and the duplicates are marked by a small blue mark in the left top corner of the glyph cells To make a duplicate of a glyph select it you may select many glyphs
132. ow TypeTool exports glyphs and are related to the export of TrueType instructions Export hinted TypeTool will export TrueType instructions of any type TrueType fonts original or automatically generated only if this option is on To create a completely unhinted TrueType font switch off this option Keep existing If this option is on and the original TrueType instructions TrueType instructions were saved when the font was imported then TypeTool will try to restore the original instructions where possible If you want to drop all the original TrueType instructions switch this option off Export visual TrueType TypeTool will convert visual TrueType instructions only hints if this option is on Autohint unhinted If this option is on TypeTool will try to automatically glyphs generate TrueType instructions for all unhinted glyphs How TypeTool Autohints TrueType Fonts on Export When autohinting is allowed and TypeTool finds a glyph that has no TrueType hints of any kind original hints imported from the TrueType font file or manually edited visual hints it begins to make TrueType hints automatically If this glyph has Type 1 hinting information then TypeTool converts this information to visual TrueType instructions and converts the instructions to the TrueType hinting code If Type 1 hints are not present then TypeTool automatically generates Type 1 hints as the first step then converts the Type 1 hints into TrueType visual instructions an
133. pe1 Convert outlines scaleto Write PFM AFM and INF 1000 UPM do autohint do files Select encoding not decompose save hinting automatically Before export switch the Font window to the Names mode and select the desired encoding vector Type 1 Type 1 Do not decompose Write PFM AFM and INF Generate Unicode files Select encoding automatically Type 1 TrueType Do not decompose All hinting options on Generate Unicode Of course you can choose other options but when you just want to convert a font from one format to another these recommended combinations of import and export options will usually give you fonts that will work fine in most environments Printing Fonts To print a font chart containing samples of all font glyphs select the Print command in the File menu You will see the standard Print dialog box that will ask you to choose a printer and modify the printer settings Printer f Phaser 3400 H Presets Standard OS f Copies amp Pages HH Copies M Collated Pages D All E From 1 to CP Preview Save As PDF Cancel In this dialog you can choose the range of pages you want to print When you press the Print button TypeTool will print a font table containing samples for all font glyphs their names and codes according to the current encoding and glyph cell caption settings Printout of the font chart TYPETOOL FOHT PRINTOUT FOOD eis ji
134. perly press the Check button FOND Name This name is used by the Mac OS to organize fonts into font families Windows does not use it We recommend you fill in this name if you plan to use your font on Mac Build Names Press this button to automatically generate the Font Name FOND Name and Full Name fields If you are creating a new font we recommend that you fill in the Family Name field generate or manually fill in the Style Name field and press this button to create the Font FOND and Full names If necessary you can edit the names later Copyright Information Font copyright information 4 gt Created by Adobe Systems Incorporated Creation year 2000 Copyright 2000 Adobe Systems Incorporated All Rights Reserved Trademark Adobe Caslon is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Build Copyright and Trademark records Notice Description On the copyright page you can enter information about the creators of the font If you have created a new font you should enter your copyright notice here If you have edited an existing font that was not your creation you must not remove the information contained on this page or you may violate copyright laws Created by Name of the company or person that created the font If you are creating a new font enter your name or the name of your company here Creation year Year when the font was created This is used by TypeTool to automatically fill in the Cop
135. phs sidebearings and in the kerning mode the pair kerning values In the metrics editing mode kerning will not be applied to the printed string TYPETOOL PREVIEW PRIMTOUT Preview of the font FLCaslon een Freie hening for Ave Taree hamburgera Page 11 urgevons Transformations In TypeTool you can transform glyphs in many ways You can edit glyphs and glyphs metrics manually using the Glyph and Metrics windows described in previous chapters Or you can use TypeTool s transformation actions to edit glyphs or metrics automatically Transformations may be applied to one glyph or to a range of glyphs selected in the Font window All the actions are carefully designed and always produce high quality results that usually do not require manual control or correction In this chapter we will show you how to use the transformation actions and give a detailed description of each available action 242 The Transform Dialog Box To apply transformations you have to use the Transform dialog box It is accessible from the Tools menu while the Font or Glyph window is active Select the Transform command from the Tools menu and you will see a dialog box Transformation Select an action p Contour p Hints and Guidelines b Metrics Current action f Cancel OK OS By default the box is empty and the dummy transformation action Do not transform a glyph is selected in the actions l
136. pply them Double byte If your font contains many characters from one of the Far East languages you may need to use double byte codepages If you select one of these codepages you will see an additional popup menu to the right of the codepage selection menu E MacOS Chinese EUC TW 00_ ETETE a This control allows you to select a page of the codepage Theoretically we could have 256 pages of 256 codes each which would give us 65 636 codes In practice none of the known codepages has that many codes and usually less than half of that number How to Make a Codepage Definition File Codepage definition files extension CPG are text files that have the following structure F ONTLAB CODEPAGE Oxffff MacOS Cyrillic source MacOS 8 0b5 0x00 O0x0000 0x01 Ox0001 0x02 Ox0002 0x03 0x0003 The first line of this file is an identification line that is used to set the codepage name and tell TypeTool that this file is a properly composed codepage definition file This line must be started by the text FONTLAB CODEPAGE OxFFFF The name of the codepage follows All other strings starting with are comments and are not interpreted by TypeTool The following strings are formed as pairs of two integer numbers in decimal or hex starting with Ox form The first number is the code of the character and should be in the 0 255 range The second number is the Unicode index of the character and should be in
137. preview mode Le and Gg buttons are not pressed you cannot change glyph metrics or kerning but you can safely preview the font in high resolution mode 33 34 Panels Some TypeTool operations are accessible through Panels small windows that are located in front of the main Font Glyph and Metrics windows Use the Window menu to open panels Below is the list of all the panels available in the Window menu They are described in full detail in the sections that are related to their functions so this is only a short reference Transformation Panel for digital outline transformations Font Map A picture representation of big Unicode fonts All the panels can stick to either side of the screen and to each other To make a panel stick just drag it close to the screen or another panel s edge To prevent the panel from sticking hold down the Cmp key while dragging the panel s title bar Some panels are available only under certain conditions Every time you exit TypeTool the positions of all toolbars and panels are stored in preferences file so when you run TypeTool the next time the environment will be restored Editing Fonts In this chapter we will discuss the editing of fonts A font is a collection of glyphs with similar design and some encoding and header information The information includes font identification names copyright data character encoding information and other data that is necessary for font usage
138. re local and global guidelines Local guidelines appear only in the glyph where they were set Global guidelines appear in all glyphs of the font Global guidelines are very useful to mark important levels in the font by using horizontal global guidelines or to set the base direction of an italic or oblique font using slanted vertical guidelines Editing Guidelines use the View gt Show layers menu to switch it on Note that the Guidelines layer will automatically switch on if you add a new guideline To add a new guideline 1 Position the mouse cursor on the horizontal ruler bar for a horizontal guideline or on the vertical bar for a vertical guideline 2 Press the mouse button The bar will appear pressed and the new guideline will appear 3 Holding the mouse button down drag the guideline to the desired place and release the button To move the guideline 1 Move the mouse cursor onto the guideline that you want to move Be sure that no other objects such as nodes or hints are near the cursor 2 Press the mouse button and drag the guideline to the new place To slant the guideline 1 Move the cursor onto the guideline near one of the sides of the editing field of the Glyph Window 2 Press the mouse button The mouse cursor will change to a pair of curved arrows amp that shows you the guideline slant direction 3 Moving the mouse slant the guideline to the angle that you want Hold down the Suir
139. refully In Type 1 fonts these values are used very directly to calculate interline spacing It is usually necessary to set the Ascender value higher than actual height of the ascender b character to have some additional space between lines If you are designing a fixed width font press the Font is monospaced check box 119 120 Advanced Vertical Metrics Additional vertical metrics TrueType specific pay l Y Calculate values automatically recommended Set custom values 05 2 TypoAscender 1491 hhea Ascender 1854 TypoDescender 431 Descender 434 TypoLineGap 307 LineGap 67 WinAscent 1854 WinDescent 434 Recalculate In TrueType font files vertical metrics can be stored in the OS 2 and hhea tables Different programs and operating systems use vertical metrics from these tables Windows usually uses data stored in the OS 2 table while the Mac OS uses only data located in the hhea table It is important to correctly define all vertical metrics if you want your font to align properly In most cases TypeTool can calculate vertical metrics according to the system recommendations but in some cases you may want to customize these values We recommend you generally leave these values untouched in an existing TrueType font Of course if you perform heavy modification of the font you will need to update the advanced vertical metrics If you want TypeTool to automatically calculate all vertical
140. relative to the base level 3 Press the ENTER key or click anywhere in the editing field to apply the changes Metrics Properties Panel To open the metrics property panel position the mouse cursor on the left or right glyph margin Crri click and select the Properties command or just Cmp click the mouse button on one of the margins 6 Metrics Properties Glyph metrics In this panel you can modify a glyph s sidebearings and or width Grid Layer This layer is very simple if the Grid is on you will see a grid of vertical and horizontal lines in the Glyph Window If snap to grid is on which it is by default any node that you move will snap to the gridlines You can adjust the grid frequency on the Glyph Window page of the Preferences dialog box Application gt Preferences command Grid step 100 x 100 191 192 Guidelines Layer Guidelines are straight lines that are used to guide the drawing of specific elements of a glyph Guidelines can be vertical horizontal or slanted Guidelines can be slanted at any angle from 45 to 45 from the vertical or horizontal direction Slanted guidelines can help to mark italic characters or specific slanted elements in normal characters like the inner bar in the letter N You can see little numbers giving the position and slanting angle of each guideline near the edges of the editing field of the Glyph Window where the guidelines cross the rulers There a
141. review Metrics FLCaslon mo AC AE Glyphs that are currently selected in the Font window or the glyph that is in the active glyph window will appear in the metrics window The metrics window has a main editing field scroll bars and command area with a local toolbar metea E ao A ac oie To choose a string of characters to preview or modify use the string selection control eee The popup button to the right of the control allows you to choose a pre defined string To the right of the button there is an options button Click it to get access to the Metrics window s Options dialog box where you can customize the window 31 Metrics Window Toolbar The buttons on the toolbar mean m Metrics mode Switches the window to Metrics mode i Open metrics With the metrics window you can import metrics and file kerning information from AFM or PFM m Save metrics You can save AFM and PFM files to use them later with file other fonts x Reset kerning In Kerning mode may partially or completely remove information about pair kerning Metrics Modes The metrics window works in three modes metrics kerning and preview In Metrics mode you can change the glyph sidebearings using either visual or digital controls 743 I 660 I 746 ABC ii a ral In Metrics mode the string of glyphs is previewed without kerning In Kerning mode you can change pair kerning 743 I 660 0 746 4 o In
142. ring By default Auto is selected and the size of the previewed text is calculated dynamically depending on the height of the window If the string becomes too large to fit in the window a vertical scroll bar will appear allowing you to view all the editing areas of the Metrics Window 225 226 Editing Metrics By metrics we refer to information about a glyph s width and sidebearings In TypeTool you can modify this information either manually or automatically To modify a glyph s metrics you must switch the Metrics Window to the Metrics mode To do this push the m button in the toolbar or select the Edit Metrics command in the popup menu that appears if you CTRL Click in the editing area of the Metrics Window To make the metrics editing controls visible click on a glyph in the editing field The sidebearings lines with editing handles will appear at the sides of the glyph I 702 I 27 I 436 J AVA Tay Pas i The numbers at the bottom of the glyph are the left and right sidebearing values and the glyph s width Manual Metrics Editing To modify a glyph s metrics you can use three methods 1 Move the sidebearings lines using the mouse 2 Edit the values in the table area of the Metrics Window 3 Drag the glyph within the editing area To move the sidebearings lines just position the mouse cursor on the line press the mouse button and drag the mouse Release the mouse button wh
143. s called a suitcase One suitcase can contain up to 4 TrueType fonts combined in a family FontLab This is TypeTool s own font format that potentially can contain a superset of information that you can export to other formats You already know how to open and save FontLab fonts Exporting for PC To save a font in PC Type 1 or PC TrueType format use the File gt Generate Font command You will see the Generate Font dialog box Generate Font Save As BaltiC ttf Where Documents Font Format PC TrueType f Options gt Type 1 options make PFM make AFM auto encoding TT OTF options hinted keep autohint visual export Unicode SSS Cancel The top part of the dialog box is standard and there you choose a destination folder and enter a file name for the font file By default TypeTool will choose the folder where you saved fonts last time Below the standard part of the dialog box is format selection popup menu Choose the destination font format there v PC TrueType PC Type 1 UNIX Type 1 Raw ASCII FontLab Available formats are PC TrueType ttf TrueType font format PC Type 1 pfb Single master Type 1 font format in a binary form This is the format for Type 1 fonts that is expected by Windows UNIX Type 1 raw Single master Type 1 font format in ASCII 7 bit form This ASCII pfa format is used in most UNIX systems and can be directly downloaded into PostScript printers F
144. seful commands Help Make node first Convert Delete node Retract BCPs Break contour Make corner Connection gt Contour Make contour first Delete contour Properties Subtract contour Select contour Reverse contour 165 Below is a description of all the commands in this menu Make node first Starts the current contour from the selected node i e makes it the startpoint This command is useful when you need to join contours since you can only connect starting and finishing nodes ee a stn curve a scone nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn e Pep ren eT ORE TCT T a Make corner Makes a 90 degree corner this operation is not always available Break contour Connection gt Connection Popup menu with connection settings You can use it instead of double click or Option double click Contour Set of commands related to the contour to which the selected node belongs described below Properties Opens the Node properties panel 166 Contour commands Make contour Begins the glyph from the selected contour Renumbering first contours is important for hint substitution programming Subtract contour Subtracts contour from the outline Reverse contour Reverses the contour direction OO 167 168 Node Properties Cmp click the node or Crri click and choose the Properties command in the menu Connection p Contour gt In this properties panel you can control the position of the nod
145. select the pairs for which the algorithm will compute kerning values You can choose between Current pair only available if one of the pairs is selected in the editing area All Pairs in the current string or All Pairs in the following list The second popup menu allows you to generate kerning for all the pairs located in a special list file The list files are stored in the TypeTool Kerning folder You can create your own kerning pair files or use files placed there by TypeTool s installer The Parameters area lets you customize the autokerning algorithm The most used option is How much white space do you want to leave between glyphs This controls how close the glyphs will be moved together while computing kerning in the pair The Allow for positive kerning check box lets the autokerning algorithm produce positive kerning in pairs Positive kerning moves glyphs apart from each other Positive kerning is usually not reeommended but there may be occasional circumstances where it is needed If you want to save the existing kerning the popup menu lets you control the disposition of the existing imported or manually created kerning pairs You can replace existing pairs by automatically generating new ones keep them unchanged or select the condition mode The Maximum number of generated pairs and Maximum absolute value for generated kerning options control the possible number of automatically created pairs and the maximum normal negativ
146. sing the Add Corner Add Curve and Add Tangent tools 1 Activate one of the tools 2 Click on any outline point The Corner tool will add a straight line the Curve tool will add a smooth connection and curve and the Tangent tool a sharp connection and curve Note You can insert nodes on the closing vector that automatically connects the first and last nodes of a contour If you insert nodes on the first half of a closing vector closer to the ending node of a contour then the new node will be added to the contour If you insert the node on the last half of the closing vector then it will be inserted before the starting point 158 Meter Tool With this tool you can measure any distance and angle in your glyph It is very useful if you want to create very precise extremely high quality symbols To measure distances between two points 1 Press on the Tools toolbar The Meter bar appears if not yet in the top part of the Glyph Window k 44 1481 oP 258 8 AA 346 hk 213 147 This is a brief description of the fields on the Meter bar X 72 602 Absolute position of the point relative to the glyph zero point g 426 2 Horizontal and vertical distance from the beginning to the end of the metering line ate 269 186 Angle of the metering line Note that you can switch the Meter bar on or off at any time if you click on the button in the bottom left corner of the Glyph window
147. specific first byte In the following picture you can see a Traditional Chinese font in Unicode mode in the left picture and in Codepage 950 mode right eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee Unicode mode Codepage 950 In the codepage mode green pixels represent codes in the codepage that are covered by one of the glyphs in the font Cyan pixels mean codes in the codepage that are not covered by any glyphs in the font Applying Actions You can find many actions in the Glyph and Tools menus that can be applied to the open glyph in the Glyph window see next chapter but most of them are applicable to the glyph s selected in the Font window To apply an action select the glyphs in the Font window and choose the appropriate command in the Tools or Glyph menu For example to convert glyphs from TrueType outlines to Type 1 outlines select the glyphs that you want to convert and choose the Tools gt To Type 1 Curves command You will see the warning message Do you want to continue and transform glyphs You will apply selected action to the 12 glyphs This operation is not undoable Click Yes and TypeTool will apply the action to all selected glyphs You can find descriptions of all actions in the chapter Glyph Window 83 Exporting Fonts You know how to open fonts how to rearrange characters and change encodings and how to save fonts in TypeTool format to keep your changes
148. stomizing the keyboard shortcuts to save changes and close the dialog box Links to External Programs Some applications available from FontLab Ltd have a common communication interface which allows them to easily exchange font related data We call programs that can accept data from other programs FontLab Server Applications Similarly programs that can send data to FontLab servers will be referred to as FontLab Client Applications or plugins And programs that combine server and client capabilities are called FontLab Client Server Applications TypeTool itself can work as server and sometimes as client as well For example it can accept outline data from BitFonter our bitmap font editor or send outlines to BitFonter for rasterization To make TypeTool communicate with plugins installed locally and to have instant access to them from the TypeTool menu you have to show TypeTool where they are Use the Tools gt External Tools gt Settings command to find other applications that can work together with a FontLab Server The Plugins Settings dialog box appears Plugins Settings Installed Plugins 23 24 There is a list of the installed plugins in the dialog and it is empty by default Click this button L to add a link to the program that you know to be a plugin Select the plugin application in the standard Open File dialog box and press Open The application name will appear in the list An easier way is to let TypeTo
149. support for Unicode Only the first 256 characters in the font could be encoded which made Unicode unusable Since version 8 5 the Mac OS fully supports Unicode fonts in applications that need this support The Macintosh version of TypeTool has special TrueType export option that makes possible the creation of Mac fonts that will work on both old and new operating systems We will talk about this later when we discuss TrueType exporting options which are slightly different on Windows and Macintosh We recommend visiting the Unicode Consortium official Web site at http www unicode org to get more information about this standard 57 58 Codepages Codepages are tables that map character codes one byte long to the Unicode indexes Depending on the size of the page these tables may have 256 or 65 536 records one for each possible character code Long codepages are called double byte codepages and are primarily used to represent codes used in Chinese Japanese Korean or Vietnamese languages Codepages are necessary because we need to somehow encode text written in different languages in the one byte code space So when we have a text file encoded according to some codepage we use the codepage table to find which characters were used in this text We may have two different texts with the same code 192 decimal but in one case it may mean the Russian A and in the other case it may mean A Agrave Codepages are
150. t an empty area in the window or panel 17 TypeTool 2 18 Getting Started When you run TypeTool 2 for the first time to run TypeTool double click on its icon A you will see a welcome screen for a few seconds and then the TypeTool window P d Go Thu 20 5 m jo ii il ra J i TECATE AIL CUI Like almost all Macintosh programs TypeTool has a menu a few toolbars and a status bar at the bottom There is nothing special about the TypeTool menu except that there is a difference between the Classic and Mac OS X environments In Mac OS X there is an Application menu containing the Quit and Preferences commands Under Mac OS 9 the Quit command traditionally resides in the File menu while the Preferences command resides in the Tools menu The usual location of toolbars is at the top of the screen but if you want to put them somewhere else just drag them there Standard IEE The status bar can be placed only at the bottom default or at the top of the screen Some tool specific toolbars are floating only and cannot be docked to the sides of the screen You can easily choose which toolbars you want to see use the Toolbars submenu in the View menu Following is a list of all common toolbars with a few comments about each Standard Contains basic commands like file open and save copy paste and print Tools Probably the most important a toolbar containing the main editing tools and frequ
151. t info fields See the Font Header chapter 45 46 Font Window The Font Window is used to display an entire font It opens automatically when you open an existing font for editing or choose to create a new font In TypeTool you can open many fonts at once and every font will have its own Font Window The Font Window is a representation of the font so when you close this window the font will also close You can do a lot of things using the Font Window from browsing a font for a desired character to rearranging and remapping the font to editing the Font info fields The following sections of this chapter will tell you how to use this window 80 86 Font FOOD Macintosh HD Users alex Documents TestFonts FOOD TTF 0000 0001 ooo ono onos onos 0006 onoz onna Jeme ana Jance Je mee pene ane Janet L 0010 0011 001a 0013 a 003E 003F 0040 0041 0042 0043 0044 0045 0046 0047 0044 r nrt 004E 004F Ea EESE 0055 0056 0057 0058 poa fonza 1055 foose nust 005E OOSF 0060 0061 0062 0063 aa aa 0064 0065 0066 0067 0064 ace EE iTi a er Tat 0071 0072 oo73 cord oors 0076 0077 a Y arca H asm Ojla Ee i low 07e panra 0076 OOTEL QE O0E0 O0E2 00E4 OOES Aalen lalalalala s Size n Title Unicode Mode Codepages MacOS Roman The Font Window consists of the header which includes a few buttons and two popup menus it is hidden by default a footer and
152. t key to constrain the slanting angle to 3 degree increments To remove the guideline 1 1 Start moving or slanting the guideline 1 2 While holding down the mouse button press the Crru key and then click the mouse button again II 1 Position the cursor on the guideline and Crri click the mouse button II 2 In the menu select the Delete command You can also remove any guideline or hint by simply dragging it from the editing field of the Glyph Window 193 To remove all guidelines use the Remove guidelines command in the Tools gt Hints amp Guides menu Options of this command include Both to remove all guidelines Horizontal to remove only horizontal guidelines The same commands are available in the rulers popup menu that appears if you Crri click the vertical or horizontal ruler gt Note While you are editing the guideline its parameters are shown on the status bar 194 Guidelines Popup Menu More commands are available in the guideline s popup menu There are two different guideline popup menus one for local and one for global guidelines Both menus include Align Delete and Properties commands The Properties command as usual will open the Property panel for the active guideline The Delete command will remove the active guideline The Align command is available only for slanted guidelines and will align them to the vertical or horizontal axis i e remove their slant and make them vertical or horiz
153. that will be used as the center of rotation Here is an example of the same rotation transformation around different center points Scale Horizontal scale 60 Proportional scale Vertical scale 100 Scale hints wi Scale metrics Scale center Origin point 0 0 This action lets you scale your glyphs proportionally or non proportionally Enter your desired vertical and horizontal scale factors in the edit fields Switch on the Proportional scale option to keep the vertical and horizontal scale factors the same Switch off the Scale hints option to avoid scaling hints along with the glyph s outline Scaling hints width is not always precise so if you scale hints with the outline you sometimes find that some hints now miss the stems that they were supposed to hint We recommend manual editing of hints after scaling applied Here is an example of this transformation the letters of the word Sample were scaled 80 horizontally and the letters of word text were proportionally scaled to 120 of original size Sample text 247 248 Shift Horizontal shift 0 Vertical shift 0 This action shifts the outline of the glyph in the vertical and or horizontal direction Here is a sample of a font with some glyphs shifted in the vertical direction You can also shift glyphs in the vertical direction in the metrics mode of the Metrics window hold the Suirt key and drag the glyph S
154. the hierarchical menu of the font menu Book Antiqua p Regular Bookman Old Sle Italic Century Gothic Bold Century Schoolbook Bold Italic 89 90 Finder s view of a suitcase created with the Adobe TypeReunion compatible checkbox switched off aj TimesTen 4 TimesTen bold 10 fA TimesTen bold italic 10 4 TimesTen italic 10 The Finder s view of the suitcase created with the Adobe TypeReunion compatible checkbox switched on is as follows 4 items 413 3 MB available a sm TimesTen Bald 10 TimesTen Bolditalic 10 4 TimesTer italic 10 A TimesTen Roman 10 On Macintosh Type 1 fonts have to be generated with at least one accompanying bitmap font in a NFNT resource You can define the point sizes that will be generated on the Type 1 page of the Application gt Pref erences dialog box Generate bitmaps for size s 12 14 15 24 Use ATSUI KH You may select a rasterizer for generating bitmaps Choose among the build in rasterizer or ATSUI Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging on Mac OS X If you are using classic system and have ATM installed then choose among the build in and ATM s rasterizers When TrueType is selected another additional option is available Select destination format f Macintosh TrueType t Write resources in Data Fork If this option is checked TypeTool will write a font suitcase as data fork based file supported by Mac
155. the selected color mode This process is very fast and is completely transparent to you so if you switch on the preview mode where the glyph appears filled the illusion of bitmap like editing of a contour based glyph image is very realistic All the tools can work in 4 different color modes Ej Transparent Newly created vector objects that are generated by the application of VectorPaint tools do not interact with the existing glyph s contour and appear selected for easy editing Ld Automatic The color of the brush depends on the point where you begin drawing If you begin in a white area a white brush will be selected if in black a black brush will be selected Use this color mode to easily extend white or black areas of the glyph E Black Generated contours are added to existing contours expanding the black area of the glyph It looks like a black brush applied to a black picture New contours are subtracted from existing contours simulating a white brush or eraser Here is an example of a brush stroke applied with Transparent Black and White colors qe Here is a list of all available VectorPaint tools with a short description of each Pen Used to create new contours or modify existing ones It is not Contour really a paint tool because it deals with contours but it is a very natural and flexible tool used to adjust the result of the application of VectorPaint tools Exactly t
156. the 0 65535 0 FFFFh range The special Unicode index OxFFFF is used to define codes that are not mapped to any character 61 62 Using the Font Window The glyph chart in the Font window is a visual representation of all the glyphs in the font To modify the font you have to learn how to use the glyph chart navigate select glyphs and select commands From here on we will reference all characters as glyphs We would like to clarify once more a font is a collection of glyphs Text is a collection of codes An alphabet is collection of characters Since we are talking of fonts we will be using the term glyph Navigating One of the glyphs in the Font window is the current glyph It is specially highlighted To view different parts of the font in the Font window you can either use the vertical scroll bar or the auto scroll mode if you place the mouse anywhere in the chart press the mouse button and move the mouse cursor above the top or bottom of the chart it will scroll up or down accordingly You can also use the spacebar to scroll the Font window Press the spacebar and drag the mouse to scroll the window vertically Alternatively you can use the keyboard keys to navigate in the font chart Arrow keys Moves the current glyph highlight one cell right left up or down according to the key used Home Moves the glyph highlight to the leftmost glyph on the E E tae E ee End Moves the glyph highlight to the righ
157. the Font window appear smooth This increases visible resolution but requires more computing power If you feel that the Font window is slow try deactivating this feature Hide all windows with glyphs from inactive fonts When this option is on TypeTool hides all Glyph and Metrics windows with glyphs from any font whose Font window is inactive This feature helps to avoid screen crowding with many unnecessary windows 103 The Font Header Perhaps the most important information you need to define for a font is its header or font info data This information is mainly used to properly register the font in the operating system and in any program that uses it It is very important to carefully define all font parameters Even the best designed font is useless if it cannot be installed 106 Font Info Dialog Box The control center where you define font parameters is called the Font Info Dialog box and is accessible from the File menu or with the button on any Font window NAMA T The Font Info dialog box consists of three parts Font Info Arial E Names and Copyright Basic set of font names Copyright information Designer information License information v Version and Identification a Key identification settings e 400 Family Name Arial Font is italic l Font is bold Weight Normal vv Metrics and Dimensions EE OO Key dimensions Width medium TrueType specific metrics More Styles v S
158. the information about the width of the individual characters is the only information necessary This is what is known as font metrics To position the individual characters the page layout program must have information about each character s sidebearings Right bearing lt q Character width 7 Using this information the page layout program positions all the characters Kerning information is also necessary in order to get the best results Kerning Kerning information is used to adjust the space between specific pairs of characters As you can see in the following picture some characters may be well spaced with just the bearings rectangle but other characters are not To fix this problem a special technique called kerning has been developed Kerning defines the modification of inter character space in specific pairs A good example is the AV pair In the following picture you can see two examples of inter character spacing with and without kerning With kerning Without kerning You can see that only the kerned image is optically correct because it can compensate for the problem caused by the special form of the V and A characters printed in sequence leaving too much space between the letters 219 220 Metrics Files Information about a glyph s width is usually located in font files Kerning information may also be included in the file In TrueType and TypeTool vfb font formats both metrics and kerning data are lo
159. the selected encoding table 75 76 Searching for Glyphs Sometimes you need to find a particular glyph in your font especially in large fonts Select the Choose Glyph command in the Glyph menu or press CmMD BACKSPAcE on the keyboard You will see a dialog box Get Glyph Name HH begins with B hi M create unexisting glyph Cancel To find a glyph 1 In the left top popup menu select the method by which you want to search for the glyph Name Searches for the glyph name Code Searches for the decimal code of the glyph in the current encoding or codepage ANSI glyph Searches for the glyph that is mapped to one of the ANSI glyphs in the selected codepage or encoding Bottom Top Searches for glyphs whose bottom or top line falls in the specified range Components Searches for glyphs that have the specified number of components In the popup menu to the right of the method select the comparison factor begins with equals to less than or more than In the right top editing field enter the information depending on your selection that will be used to find the glyph The names of all the glyphs that match the criterion will appear in the list Get Glyph Name Le begins with B AIA A 0041 AE 00C 0 AEsmall FFE6 Aacute o0C1 Aacutesmall F7E1l Abreve 0102 vel _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mi create unexisting glyph Cancel Select the glyph name that you want its prev
160. the view of the glyph and vertical and horizontal ruler bars 29 30 You can switch the ruler bars on and off with the Rulers option in the View menu A quicker way is to Crri click the ruler and choose the option in the context menu ull 20 GD 160 10 alis Remove Hints p Remove Guidelines P At the bottom left corner of the Glyph window you will find two buttons Lock and Meter SE The Lock button controls quick access to the font glyph when it is in the unlocked state you can use the keyboard to directly access the glyphs I e when you press a key the corresponding glyph will automatically open in the glyph window The Meter button 1 controls the appearance of the Meter bar which sits above the glyph window ruler and shows the current coordinates and other parameters of the cursor k 44 1481 oP 258 8 A 346 oo 213 147 We will return to a more detailed description of the Glyph window properties in the Glyph Window chapter Finally let s quickly preview the last window in TypeTool the Metrics window Metrics Window The Metrics window is used to adjust glyph metrics glyph sidebearings and kerning Open any existing font from the disk e g FREESERF VFB from the TypeTool Samples folder To open the metrics window select some glyphs in the Font Window and click on the New Metrics window command in the Window menu CMD OPTION SHIFT M shortcut You will see a new window P
161. tline Transformation Hints and Guidelines Transformation Metrics Transformation INDEX 233 233 234 236 237 239 240 241 242 244 245 249 250 251 Introduction Thank you for purchasing TypeTool 2 a new version of our entry level font editor The key features of TypeTool 2 are Outline editors with more than 10 tools and 200 level undo redo Import and export of fonts in TrueType and PostScript Type 1 formats with up to 65000 characters Import and export of individual glyphs in EPS format Metric and kerning editing module with customizable autospacing and autokerning features Import and export of font metrics files in PFM and AFM format Automatic Type 1 and TrueType hinting Automatic transformation of glyphs VectorPaint tools Support of two encoding modes and an unlimited number of encoding tables Easy to use drag drop based user interface Popup menus and property panels everywhere Sample printing of fonts and individual glyphs Smooth outline preview 10 About this Manual This manual covers the Macintosh version of TypeTool 2 0 The following chapters describe all of TypeTool s features in full detail They are organised to cover all the functions in their usual sequence TypeTool User Interface This chapter covers the basic definitions of the TypeTool user interface and its customization and gives a short description of all the TypeTool editing windows and panels Editing Fonts
162. tmost glyph on the EAEE EE ETETE O ee eee eee Cmd Home Moves the glyph highlight to the first glyph on the chart Cmd End Moves the glyph highlight to the last glyph on the chart 63 64 Selecting In addition to the current glyph you can select sets of glyphs in the font chart These selections behave similarly to selected text in a text editor you can copy selected glyphs to another place in the font or to a different font you can apply different effects to the selection etc Selected glyphs have inverted colors To select one or more cells press the mouse button on the first or last cell of your selection and drag the cursor across the cells you want to select You will see the selection highlighted If you drag the cursor outside the visible part of the chart it will scroll accordingly To cancel your selection click on any glyph cell Alternative Using the navigating keys on the keyboard set the current cell highlight on the first or last cell of a selection then press the SHIFT key Move the current cell highlight as described earlier to select the cells Selection does not have to be continuous If you press the CMp Suirt keys you can select cells in any order and combination Context Menu Most commands available in the Font window can be selected from the popup menu To open the popup menu Crri click mouse anywhere in the chart area Here is a sample of the Font window popup menu Width gt Copy D
163. tomize the full set To get access to the full set of Type 1 export options open the Application gt Preferences dialog and select the Type 1 page Type 1 Export Mi Make PFM file W Make AFM and INF files Encoding options Export Unicode codepage if codepage mode Generate bitmaps for size s 12 14 18 24 Use Built in Make PFM File Switch this option on to create a PFM Printer Font Metrics file when exporting a PC Type 1 font PFM files are used in Windows to register Type 1 fonts They contain metrics kerning and partially font header information You cannot install a Type 1 font on Windows without a PFM file This option is ignored when saving Macintosh Type 1 fonts Make AFM and INF files Switch this option on to make AFM Adobe Font Metrics and INF font INFormation files when exporting a Type 1 font These files are text files and contain descriptions of the font metrics kerning and header font names weight width encoding and other information It is possible to install a Type 1 font on Windows with Adobe Type Manager if you don t have the PFM file but do have the AFM and INF files because ATM will automatically build the PFM file using data from the AFM and INF files The AFM file is necessary to install a Type 1 font in ASCII form with pfa extension on most Unix based operating systems When saving Macintosh Type 1 fonts only AFM files are created 95 96 To instal
164. tons on the Standard toolbar Cut amp To copy a selected part of the glyph onto the Clipboard and delete a it from the glyph Paste ie To add a contour part copied to the Clipboard into the current glyph as a new contour Insert To replace the current selection with the Clipboard contents Delete To remove the selected part of a glyph s contour Duplicate To insert a copy of the selection into the current glyph as a new contour 172 When you use the Paste command the selection is always pasted without a shift When you use the Duplicate command the copy is always pasted with an offset 100x100 Because the Clipboard is used as a buffer for copying contours you can paste glyphs and their parts not only to the current font but to any glyph of any font of any application that is compatible with TypeTool ScanFont 3 0 for example 173 174 Copying an Outline to Other Applications With TypeTool you can exchange outline data with other vector editing programs Supported programs are Adobe Illustrator and Macromedia FreeHand To copy part of the glyph s outline to a vector editing program use the usual copy procedure The selected portion of the outline will be copied to the Clipboard Then switch to your vector editing program and select the Paste command from the Edit menu You can change the size of the copied outline using the scale transformation that is supported by your vector editing application
165. tput text converts character codes to character identifiers in the font This process is usually performed using a special index table called the encoding table which defines the relationship between character codes and identifiers Note that the term character covers all possible appearances of the character in all fonts All these pictures AANAAAAA arethe same character A the first letter of the English alphabet Instances of characters that have a unique design are called glyphs But note that the same picture A may mean different characters the first letter of the English alphabet the first letter of the Russian alphabet and the first letter of the Greek alphabet can be the same glyph but are not the same character Precise character identification methods are really necessary There is a difference between character and glyph identification When we need to identify a character it means that we are identifying all glyphs that may be used to represent that character If we are identifying a glyph it is unique Characters are identified by integer number To support exchange of information this number must be assigned according to some standard In TypeTool all characters are identified according to the Unicode standard A glyph is identified by its name or by its index its sequential number in the collection of glyphs in the font Since the index may vary for instance if we remove the glyph with inde
166. trics Every font has several vertical metrics values for alignment of text Caps Height The Ascender line defines the position of the top of lowercase characters usually the topmost point of the Latin b The Descender line defines the position of the bottom of the lowercase characters usually the bottom point of p The Caps height defines the height of the uppercase characters without overshoot usually it is the height of F The x Height is the height of most lowercase characters like x or v In TypeTool you can modify the vertical metrics values in the Font Info dialog box but you can also preview and change them visually in the Glyph Window Make sure that the Vertical metrics layer EJ is active In the Editing field vertical metrics appear as gray lines with a label at the left fA Ascender E Descender Caps height fx x Height To change a metric just drag its line with the Edit tool 199 200 VectorPaint Tools VectorPaint is TypeTool s unique set of tools that allow you to paint vector contours but look and feel like bitmap tools You can choose brushes pens and even enter text The idea of VectorPaint is that all the tools produce contours that combine with the existing glyph contours using our unique contour processing technology All VectorPaint tools are located in the Tools toolbar SILI The type of interaction between existing and new contours depends on
167. upported codepages Style Name Regular Build Style Name Font Name ArialMT Full Name Arial Menu Name Arial ey FOND Name Arial Build Names f f Cancel Apply At the left there is a page selection control where you can choose one of the sections in order to edit part of the Font Info information v Names and Copyright Copyright information Designer information License information Version and Identification Key identification settings Metrics and Dimensions Key dimensions TrueType specific metrics Supported codepages When you select one of the pages it immediately appears to the right of the list Basic set of font names qo Family Name Arial Weight Normal 400 Fontis italic Font is bold Width medium More Styles Use the arrow buttons in the top right area of the page to browse all available pages Alternately you may use the CTRL TAB and CTRL SHIFT TAB key combinations to browse pages 107 Font Names lt Names and Copyright Copyright information Designer information License information The names section includes the most important font registration information All programs use the information on this page to refer to a font Be sure to enter all the values very carefully and use the automatic features where available 108 Basic Identification and Names Basic set of font names 4 Family Name Arial Font is it
168. vert a curve to a 1 4 part of an ellipse the curve s control vectors will be treated as an ellipse axis press the OPTION key and click on the curve You can also convert curves and vectors with the popup menu CTRL click the end node of the segment and select the Convert command in the popup menu With this command a line segment is converted to a Bezier curve a Bezier curve to a TrueType curve and a TrueType curve to one or more Bezier curves 163 164 Breaking and Joining Outlines To break the contour with the Edit tool hold down Cmp and OPTION and click the node where you want to break the contour To break the contour with the Knife tool just click on the node When a contour is broken its first and last nodes are highlighted by diagonal crosses J You can use the Knife tool to cut out part of the outline r Beg A 1 Activate the Knife tool 2 Press the mouse button and drag the cursor to define the cutting line 3 Release the button Note that you can only cut part of a single contour like in the sample picture above Note Deleting a selection with the Edit gt Delete command breaks contours too To join two contours you need to move the starting or ending node of one contour to the starting or ending node of another contour Hold down the Option key to prevent the contours from joining The Glyph Window Node Commands If you Crri click a node you will see a popup menu with many u
169. when you release the mouse button after drawing a new line Your drawing will be approximated by a single curve This is a good way to draw a new contour step by step Brush Tool The brush tool works like the usual bitmap brush that you find in any bitmap editing program You begin a brush stroke by pressing the mouse button Draw the stroke by dragging the mouse and finish drawing it by releasing the mouse button To change the color of the brush use the color selection buttons on the Tools toolbar for the empty color oO for the white color Oth Round brush Flat brush brush options are accessible in the VectorPaint options menu Ce 20 units v 40 units 80 units 120 units Options You can paint with round or calligraphic brushes of different widths Round brush 120 unit wide line 203 You can also specify a brush stroke shape Press the f button and select a shape in the popup menu Smooth Right Smooth Left Point Right Point Left Simple Curved Simple Flat ee Shaped Options This is an example of different brush strokes 204 VectorPaint Options You can also change the brush properties in the Paint Options dialog box To open the Paint Options dialog box choose the Options command in the brush options menu 2 You will see following dialog box Paint Options Brush options Width 40 Angle 45 Roundness 100
170. x 5 the indexes of all glyphs that have larger numbers starting from 6 will change it is not very convenient so in most cases glyphs are identified by names It is very important to understand that there is no one to one relation between characters and glyphs It is possible to have several characters and character identifiers refer to a single named glyph On the other hand some glyphs in the font may not be characters and may not have a character identifier Character Identification in TypeTool In TypeTool there are two modes of character and glyph identification 1 Names mode This mode historically is used in Type 1 fonts An interesting point is that Names mode may have two different applications it may be used to reference glyphs or characters In the latter case all referenced characters must have a one to one relationship between character and glyph so there is no difference between referencing the character and the glyph Tables that are used to reference glyphs or characters in Names mode are called Encoding Tables 2 Codepages mode This is a character identification method a special table of Unicode indexes is used to map a subset of characters to the top part of the Font Window table This table called a codepage may use one or two bytes to represent a character mapping record Two byte codepages are used to reference characters in Far East fonts Chinese Japanese Korean or Traditional Vietnamese 53 54
171. x where you enter a prefix file name for the exported glyphs Each glyph will be exported to its own file with the file name consisting of the prefix plus the sequential number of the exported glyph Printing a Glyph To print a sample of the current glyph select the Print command in the File menu while the Glyph Window is active You will see a standard Print dialog where you can choose a printer and select other printing options To begin printing click the Print button When printing is complete you will have a sample of the current glyph as seen in the Glyph Window If you see nodes on the screen they will appear on the paper If you are in preview mode the printed glyph sample will be filled Zoom mode on the screen will also be applied to the printed sample of the glyph Using this feature you can print very detailed samples of the glyph 215 Editing Font Metrics The tools in TypeTool that you can use to edit metrics data are common to all FontLab applications so if you have learned how to use these tools in TypeTool you will be ready to use these same tools in any of the FontLab programs 218 What are Font Metrics A program that aligns and spaces text calculates the total width of all the characters in a paragraph It then adjusts the widths of the space characters that separate the words and tries to put as many characters as possible into one line The information about the words that are used to make a paragraph and
172. xporting Fonts Font Formats Exporting for PC Exporting for Macintosh Export Options Type 1 Export Options TrueType Export Options Recommended Export Options Printing Fonts Font Window Options View Options Tuning Options THE FONT HEADER Font Info Dialog Box Font Names Basic Identification and Names Copyright Information Designer Information License Information Font Identification Version Information Basic Font Identification 105 106 108 109 111 112 113 114 114 115 Metrics and Dimensions Font UPM Value Basic Font Dimensions Advanced Vertical Metrics Encoding and Unicode Supported Codepages THE GLYPH WINDOW Glyph Window Contents Selecting a Glyph for Editing Changing the View in the Glyph Window Quick Zoom Selection Bezier Drawing Tools Editing Layers Outline Layer Contours Outline Appearance Moving Nodes Using the Keyboard Non node editing Changing Connection Type Deleting Nodes Deleting Lines and Curves Eraser Tool Inserting Nodes Meter Tool Using the Drawing Tool Adding Points to a Contour Converting Primitives Breaking and Joining Outlines Node Commands Node Properties Selections Using the Magic Wand Tool Moving the Selection Copying the Selection Transform Selection Selection Commands Selection Properties Panel Transformation Panel Building an Outline From Blocks Outline Actions Merging and Intersecting Contours 117 117 118 120 123 124 127 128 130 131 13
173. you want to define a non standard encoding save the file in a TypeTool Encoding directory How to Create a Custom Encoding File To create a custom encoding file 1 Duplicate one of the enc files located in the Encoding directory to use as the basis for your new encoding file 2 Open the copy in any text editor SimpleText or TextEdit will do and then edit it following the same structure that you find in the original file 3 Change the name of the encoding and the encoding index in the first line of the file The first line should have the following structure FONTLAB ENCODING 7 Adobe Symbol Encoding FONTLAB ENCODING is the prefix of the file used to detect properly made encoding files and must not be changed Note the space between and the encoding index 7 is the index of the encoding vector You must not change the encoding vector indexes of any of the encoding vectors or they will become unusable If you make your own encodings the indexes of your files should not be used in any of the other files The actual value of the index is not important so you can assign indexes like 1001 or 10001 The last part of the first line Adobe Symbol Encoding is the name of the encoding vector It starts at the first non space character after y 4 Save this encoding file with a different file name but be sure to use the enc file extension Put this file into the directory where all the other enc files
174. yright field and is exported in TrueType fonts as the Creation year entry Copyright Copyright message Must include the sign or the word Copyright the name of the company or person that owns the copyright and the copyright year In Type 1 fonts this information is stored in the Notice entry and in TrueType fonts in the Copyright entry Build Copyright Press this button to create the standard Copyright record based and Trademark on the Created By and Creation Year fields Records Notice Additional information that you want to include in Font Info Description Exported in Type 1 fonts as the Copyright entry and in TrueType fonts as the Description entry 111 Designer Information Information about font designer page Designer Carol Twombly Designer URL ie Vendor URL http www adobe com type i s This page stores information about the font s designer Do not modify this data if you open an existing font to modify for personal use Designer Name of font designer Designer URL A new entry implemented only in TrueType format It is the WWW link to the designer of the font Vendor URL This TrueType only entry shows the WWW link to the site of the font vendor Use the buttons to the right of the Designer URL and Vendor URL controls to open pages in your default Web browser window This requires an Internet connection License Information License information qs oo License NOTIFICATI
175. ywhere in the empty area of the glyph window to create the first point of a new contour Drag the mouse to put new node into correct position 3 Click again in the empty area to add a corner line curve or smoothly connected curve with Add Corner Add Curve or Add Tangent tools respectively 4 Continue the procedure until your newly defined contour is complete 5 You can switch to the Drawing tool Hat any time and use it to add new points to a contour you are creating Note A new node is added to the contour if the last node of the contour is highlighted If it is not highlighted a new contour is started To highlight a node click it To deselect it press the Esc key on the keyboard You can move outline nodes with the Add tools Note that if you click on the contour not on the node a new node is inserted The type of node depends on the tool you are using To prevent adding a new node hold down the Option key when you click on the contour Converting Primitives Sometimes you may want to convert a curve to a vector or vice versa To convert a curve to a vector delete Crru click while dragging one of the control points of the curve or delete the curve while you are in the non node editing mode To convert a vector normal or closing to a curve drag an inside point of the vector while holding down the Option key or drag one of the nodes toward the middle of the vector holding down the OPTION key To con

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