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SAPWood for Windows

1. Location Row Data Description 1 N Number of stories 2 Wnl Wn2 WnN Number of wall in each story 3 Wmass 1 Wmass 2 Wall concentrated masses in story 1 2 N Wmass 1 Wmass 2 Wall concentrated masses in story N 2 N 1 Wrmass 1 Wrmass 2 Wall rotational masses in story 1 2 2N Wrmass 1 Wrmass 2 Wall rotational masses in story N 2 2N 1 Wtype 1 wtype 2 Wall type in story 1 243N Wtype 1 wtype 2 Wall type in story N 24 3N 1 Wdir 1 wdir 2 Wall direction in story 1 2 4N Wdir 1 wdir 2 Wall direction in story N 2 4N 1 WlocX 1 wlocX 2 Wall location X in story 1 24 5N WlocX 1 wlocX 2 Wall location X in story N 24 5N 1 WlocY 1 wlocY 2 Wall location Y in story 1 2 6N WlocY 1 wlocY 2 Wall location Y in story N 2 6N 1 Wall Parameters Wall parameters for Wn1 walls in story 1 x m each one use a single row 2 6N Wn1 Wall Parameters 2 6N Wt WnN 1 Wall Parameters Wall parameters for WnN walls in story 1 58 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 59 ae each one use a single row 246N4 WI Wall Parameters 2 6N Wt 1 0 Coordinate option 3 6N Wt 1 Node1X Node2X X coordinates for Nodes in the Ist story diaphragm 3 6N Wt 2 NodelY Node2Y Y coordinates for Nodes in the Ist story diaphragm 3 8N W
2. SAPWood 1 0 File Analysis Multi Ans Loss analysis Tools Help EQ excitation IDA IM Load the SDoF Identify Analysis tool for Pushovet NP model NP model gt Figure 16 Load the SAPWood NP Analysis tool Set analysis parameters Load the protocol TIO r Displacement Protocol Analysis Option I ScaletoMax 4 2 Sub Step Pushing DOF Load NP model IV Check nail Slower anal Info MasX 5 00 Max Dx 5 00e 002 load PILI al Model Wall Results oad Initial Max 1 000e 000 000e 003 1 218e 000 alpha 7 500e 0l beta 1 100e Fit wall parameters Filename Gere m Nail load history Nail ID Nail Location Hysteresis Hysteresis Y Figure 17 SAPWood NP Analysis tool 24 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 25 There might be situation that the NP analysis results do not look like a realistic hysteresis This might be the result of excessive displacement Keep in mind one can only push the wall within a limited range of displacement e If the analysis goes unstable very fast during loading check to see if one or more components are not constrained enough to prevent rigid body motion e Changing the number of sub steps may help convergence 2 9 Wall parameter database Purpose The wall parameter database is a toolbox to generate shearwall and drywall parameters for different wall height
3. Ax Shape Ay Shape Az Shape Load General Info Record time interval 2 00e 002 sec Duriation 36 sec PGA g X 0 38542 Y 0 38542 Z 0 Structure C Choose gt Housel X Biaxial model 5 Housel 3DOF Earthquake scaling PGA g Analysis ed Az Use oricinal Switch XY IE M ratio V Write Element O0e 001 1 00e 001 0 00et000 m Timestep OOe 001 2 00e 001 0 00e 000 ODe 001 3 00e 001 0 O0e 000 Damping ratio OOe 001 4 00e 001 0 00e 000 O0e 001 5 00e 001 0 00e 000 O0e 001 6 00e 001 0 00e 000 n Averaging dt 0 1 Sec 00e 001 00e 001 00e 000 Anal TTT TT 7 gEEBEEEEBEEHEBEHEBHEEBEEBI Include Gravity Figure 29 Setup for the IDA analysis 45 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 46 Step 9 Click Analyze and let the program run Step 10 Wait for the end of analysis then go to the Results tab Step 11 Select the Global DOF from the pull down list and the IDA curve is automatically plotted The points on the curve are also listed at the same time Step 12 Select any wall from the pull down list then the wall IDA curve is automatically plotted The points on the curve are also listed at the same time Step 13 Repeat step 11 12 for all the responses of interest Step 14 Enter the Model name you wish to save them under Here we use MyHouseIDA Step 15 Go to the Environment tab of the Main frame change the output directory to the direct
4. Figure 24 Save to a model file 5 1 2 Single earthquake excitation analysis Step 1 Click File gt load model to find and load the file you just created in section 1 Step 2 Optional In the work space select the wall or story and use Information button to bring up property window to check the walls and stories in your model to see if it is the model you want Note you can also edit the properties of the model in the work space by enabling EDIT mode 40 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 Story properties Story 1 Floor Mass M Floor Geometry Node x Node Y du 1 Distribute Mass Weight per area Mas C wy eight 6 0442E 07 2 Concentrated Mass Weight X Y M RM 3 53e 002 0 00e 000 b 33e 002 Ue UUU Add b 33e UL 0 00e 000 2 70 ze Toon d Remove EDIT Mode Cancel Update Floor Shape Information Area 1 53e 005 Mass 9 25e 002 Centroid 318 77 142 86 J 6 5939e 009 Work Space Environment Add model Remove model E Housel BenchMark sap B Story Figure 25 Load the model view it in workspace Step 3 Load the Single Excitation analysis tool by clicking Analysis gt EQ excitation Step 4 Load the earthquake record file eq2 by clicking the Load button Use Acml eq2 for the example Step 5 Choose the model from the pull down list
5. Shear building model builder No of Stories B E Shear Building Model Story1 Undefined Story2 Undefined Story3 Undefined Set gt Filename mysbld Sbldi Reset Figu The property window for a wall element is where you may enter the input wall direction location length height concentrated mass on top of information on the nonlinear models and the hysteresis parameters associated with the model type Other options for hold down configuration Once the user clicks on Update modified later by double clicking on the wall at any time There are four model hysteresis types available in SAPWood currently Linear Bilinear SAWS ten parameter model and a 16 parameter evolutionary parameter hysteretic EPHM model Note that these hysteresis models can be mixed within a single house model Ji Similar to House model builder Sa Y Import au Close re 4 Model builder for shear building the wall wall model type please refer to the Appendix for detailed are under development and will be included in SAPWood Version 2 0 the information for the wall will be stored in the model it can be Wall properties Story 1 Wall 3 q 1 xj Wall Info Direction Lenath Location Element type 16 parameters pr r r Beta Fur 9 86e 000 3 91e 000 8 04e 001 7 75e 002 5 11e 002 1 32e 000 B ox LES 8 60e 001 Height 8 6
6. Step 3 Load the SDoF Identification analysis tool Cyclic Pushing Analysis by clicking Analysis gt SDoF Identify Step 4 Load the protocol file pro by clicking the Load button protocol random pro Step 5 Choose the model from the pull down list and click Choose Step 6 Click the Scale to Max option and put in the value the desired maximum value of the protocol Here we use 2 3 Step 7 Take a look at the maximum step at Info for the protocol you just loaded If that number is big greater than 0 01 inch you may want to assign a Substep number greater than 1 so that the actual step in analysis is small enough Here we use Substep 50 This is a fairly quick analysis so a large number of sub steps is recommended for accuracy Step 8 Choose the degree of freedom you want this analysis to be applied to Here we use the Dx of the Ist story 47 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 48 S Cyclic Pushing Analysis Displacement Protocol Info The protocol maximum is 2 93 the D maximum step is 5 01e 001 Structure Housel Y Choose gt Im ousel SSS EEE EE ee Analysis Output IV Scale to Max 23 Analysis Filename HouseTX Story E T Dof Dx v Substep f m if utput 1 Cancel i Done Figure 32 Prepare inputs for SDOF identification Step 9 Click Analysis The results will appear after the analysis is completed
7. Use Saat Choose intensity measures between Tm 02 Sec PGA and Sa Damping Ratio fo 05 7 Figure 2 Main frame and environment User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 5 Tips e It is suggested that upon loading SAPWood you change the output directory setting to the place you would like your files saved Otherwise all the output files including the model file constructed by within the model builder will be output to C by default e All files will be OVERWRITTEN without warning if you use the same file name and directory e There are two ways to upload a model one is from File gt Load model the other is from Workspace gt Add model There is no difference between them e You can load multiple models into the workspace they will be automatically named as HouseX filename or SbldX filename depending on whether it is a biaxial house model or a shear building model X denotes the sequence of loading The target model file can be viewed by selecting the model and clicking Information e You can bring up the property window which will be introduced later and view the information for a particular model simply by selecting the story wall and clicking on Information You can also alter the values by clicking EDIT mode on the property windows for story and wall changing the value and clicking Update on the property windows The model in memory will be changed but the model file will NOT change
8. Maximum responses Displacements X Y R Story 1 8 069202e 001 3 115652e 001 1 993993e 003 Story 2 9 093823e 001 3 905857e 001 2 135139e 003 Maximum responses Inter story Drifts dX dY dR Story 1 8 069202e 001 3 115652e 001 1 993993e 003 Story 2 3 190663e 001 8 647249e 002 1 744782e 003 Maximum story forces Total force at story Fx Fy Mr Story 1 2 442862e 004 2 461310e 004 2 428952e 006 Story 2 2 304419e 004 1 100866e 004 5 801013e 006 Maximum story Accelerations Global Accel at story Centroid Ax Ay Ar Story 1 2 413558e 002 1 164926e 002 3 346475e 000 64 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 Story 2 2 336602e 002 1 417761e 002 4 359007e 000 The average acceleration is calculated using a 0 2sec time interval Note If the specified time interval is smaller than the time interval of input excitation the excitation time interval is used to calculate the average Accel Maximum story Average Accelerations Global Accel at story Centroid average Story 1 6 037049e 001 Story 2 6 403841e 001 Glo file Generated by single earthquake excitation analysis It provides global response of the 2 040264e 001 3 491183e 001 Ax Ay 4 344337e 001 6 115605e 001 Ar analysis Force output will only be available if Include Force is checked Example file Global results of the analysi
9. Step 10 Enter a filename here we use House1X to output the resulting hysteresis to a file Cyclic Pushing Analysis M Displacement Protocol Info The protocol maximum is 2 93 the maximum step is 5 07e 001 Structure House Choose gt House Analysis Dutput M Scale to Max 23 Analysis Filename Houses Story n ox Dof ID or xi CES File successfully write to u tempiHouse1x ehy Figure 33 View and output results 48 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 49 5 2 SAPWood NP wall model analysis 5 2 1 NP model building Step 1 Open NP model builder Step 2 Enter 6 studs and 1 panel for Basic info and press Set Step 3 Enter the coordinates for each stud and panel as shown in Figure 31 Set Fixed condition to bottom stud H Build NP model ic Inf Nail pattern Total number of Studs and Panels Start X Spacing Studs Panels F j En X Nail Number Global Location CT Panel 1 Xx Fixed x jo Type Nail schedule Global Coordinates Parameters ln Ci Stud 1 0 0 48 0 C2 Stud 2 24 0 0 0 C3 Stud 3 0 0 48 0 Fixed C4 Stud 4 24 0 0 0 C5 Stud 8 0 0 0 C6 Stud 6 8 0 0 0 CT Panel 1 0 0 0 0 Select v Direction J Other Connect Reset Save file name Reset Cancel Figure 34 Create NP model input components info Step 4 Input
10. 2009 Systematic seismic design for manageable loss in woodframe buildings Earthquake Spectra 25 4 851 868 56 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 57 11 S Pei and J W van de Lindt 2009 Methodology for earthquake induced loss estimation An application to woodframe buildings Structural Safety 31 31 42 12 J W van de Lindt S Pei and H Liu 2008 Performance Based Seismic Design of Wood Frame Buildings using a Probabilistic System Identification Concept ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering 134 2 240 247 13 S Pei 2007 Loss analysis and loss based seismic design for woodframe structures Ph D Dissertation December 2007 Colorado State University 243 pages 57 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 58 Appendix A Input file formats The user might find it easier to create model files biaxial model NP model with text editor rather than using the model builders Or the user might need to make modifications on the model file created by model builders or other users In order to provide information on the structure for the model files detailed explanations for the SAP file and NPS file are listed in this section for your references Biaxial model file format SAP Each data input in SAP file should be separated by a space Please also see the example Benchmark SAP distributed with the installation package for details
11. The use of this analysis tool is illustrated in Figure 7 in 6 steps User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 10 Step 1 Load the earthquake record The only earthquake file format SAPWood can use currently is the eq2 file which is a text file with time T Ax acceleration in X Ay acceleration in Y in each row separated by a space An example of the eq2 file can be found with the distributed software package The units in the eq2 file MUST be in gravity g for example 0 6g is 60 of gravity The program will multiply the eq2 data by gravity depending on the choice of unit system before analysis This configuration allows the use of same input files for both the U S and S I system Step 2 Choose one structure from the workspace This requires the user to load the model into workspace before loading the analysis window Otherwise the model will not appear in the list of choice in the analysis Step 3 Input analysis parameters Initially the user can choose to scale the earthquake in both directions or use the un scaled record by leaving the option unchecked Since the analysis is by default bi axial you will need to put O in one direction if you want to do a uni axial analysis You will also want to choose an appropriate time step value which will be used as the integration time increment in the analysis If the time step is bigger than the time interval in the earthquake record file can be read from the earthquake Info label afte
12. Xul the drift corresponding to the end of the linear portion degrading backbone the backbone degrades exponentially after this point P1 the exponential degrading rate parameter of the backbone b in Fig 30 Flm maximum value that the residual pinching force can reach A local parameter for evolutionary parameter FI residual pinching force Flr minimum value that the residual pinching force in severe damage stage A local parameter for evolutionary parameter FI DFla tracking damage index average maximum drift corresponding to the starting point of the plateau portion of the FI degrading function FI varies linearly before this point DFIb tracking damage index average maximum drift corresponding to the ending point of the plateau portion of the FI degrading function FI degrades exponentially after this point pFl the exponential degrading rate parameter of the FI degradation function pr4 the exponential degrading rate parameter of the KI the tangent stiffness at the point where loading paths intersects with Y axis degradation function 72 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 73 r4r ratio of the residual KI value to initial stiffness Beta strength degradation parameter usually takes a value between 1 01 1 5 Fur residual resistance force value of the backbone in severe damage stage Force B FO KO r1 r2 Fy xu xul Ap r2xk exponential decaying tail rate Ap x Drift Figur
13. e SAPWood will NOT automatically convert units The Units option in the Environment simply tells the program what the units are for the model input file Then the program uses the proper value for gravity in the calculation e f the Sa option in the environment tab is selected all earthquake scaling within most of the analysis tools in SAPWood will be performed based on Sa The program will automatically call a subroutine to scale the earthquake to the desired Sa based on the input values for both Tn and the associated damping ratio 2 2 Model Builder Purpose To provide a tool to build modify and save the structural models biaxial model and shear building model only Triaxial model needed to be build in a text editor used in SAPWood It is highly recommended that the use construct the model input file using text editor following the format explained in the Model file format instruction xls file distributed with this package For a complicated model using the interactive model builder may be less efficient than directly create model files User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 6 There are two tabs in the model builder one for biaxial house model and one for shear building model The user starts out by assigning the Global information total number of stories and number of structural walls in each story for the model or total number of stories for a shear building and sets up an empty frame Then the user can dou
14. Caltech project with some modifications SAPWood also provides the option of obtaining the shearwall and drywall component parameters directly from a database that is provided with the program However the parameters from the database should only be used to conduct preliminary trial analysis since the variation of real shearwall behavior cannot be reflected by the fixed database Also included in Version 2 0 of SAPWood is a preliminary loss estimation module in which vulnerability analysis and long term loss simulation can be performed to evaluate the economic loss of a structure during earthquakes The loss analysis is limited to biaxial models only The analysis options currently in SAPWood include Traditional nonlinear time domain earthquake 1 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 2 excitation Incremental Dynamic Analysis IDA System hysteresis Identification Multi case IDA assembly level analysis SAPWood NP a shear wall parameter database vulnerability based loss simulation and Virtual Hazard loss simulation Multi case IDA can be used as a batch analysis tool to perform analyses with a combination of multiple structural systems earthquake records and intensity levels This is useful for the comparison when competing designs are being considered There is also a fitting tool within SAPWood that provides the user with semi automatic fitting of shearwall test hysteresis data for any one of the four possible spring models that
15. Drift PGA 0 10 0 20 1 0117e 001 2 3026e 001 8 9403e 002 2 7300e 001 The structure C Program Files CSU SAPWood Biaxial Models Example1 sap Wall1 41 of Story1 Drift PGA 0 10 0 20 3 2416e 001 5 8030e 001 2 5920e 001 7 3752e 001 Wall1 41 of Story1 Force PGA 0 10 0 20 6 7388e 002 9 3401e 002 5 7929e 002 1 0731e 003 SEC file generated by vulnerability analysis It contains the simulated single earthquake loss data at different intensity levels and the vulnerability model obtained from these data The output file includes at the very beginning the vulnerability parameters for the vulnerability model developed by Shiling Pei in his doctoral dissertation work Then the simulated loss data is also given for every single intensity value Example file Start Saturday August 25 2007 8 12 56 PM End Sunday August 26 2007M2 30 50 PM 24 Intensity Mu InStd InPr 0 Pc all mean all std 0 05 4 6697 1 0911 0 9635 0 10 34781 259 9304 0 1 4 9725 1 2373 0 2605 0 364 3525 2055 563 0 2 6 3333 1 4942 0 0145 0 2174 413 5383 001 0 3 7 3753 1 4969 0 0004 0 4532 886 7012 437 0 4 8 0784 1 3967 0 0 7154 492 8558 841 0 5 8 5834 1 2799 0 0 9907 467 9885 059 0 6 8 8302 1 1775 0 0 0499 14205 59 15627 12 0 7 9 1391 0722 0 0 05 16726 28 15731 35 0 8 9 3482 0 99056 0 0 05 18848 61 15896 82 0 9 9 5684 0 90958 0 05 21619 73 16163 02 0 1499 27769 87 20370 73 0 26 33114 03 22722 14 0 32 37161 96 22794 91 0 3898 41306 45 226
16. Folz and Filiatrault 2002 to obtain wall hysteretic parameters from nail parameters and wall configurations Note that CASHEW assumes the ten parameter SAWS hysteretic model In addition if you do have test hysteresis data which is hard to fit with the ten parameter model Please contact the authors or try the EPHM model The final option is to use the wall parameter database Keep in mind that the values in the database are for preliminary analysis only Q There s an overflow error then the program terminates why will that happen A This might be caused by an unstable model lack of convergence especially an overflow error Try checking the model for instability using smaller time step Q What does the damping ratio mean in SAPWood A The damping ratio in SAPWood will be used to multiply the critical damping matrix to get a constant damping matrix which will be used during the time domain analysis The critical damping matrix is a diagonal matrix with its elements calculated as two times the square root of the product of mass matrix and initial stiffness matrix Q What kind of units should I use A The user can choose SI or US Customary English units in the Environment tab of the SAPWood main frame This choice defines the value for the gravitational constant G It is recommended to use either SI units m N Sec or U S Customary units inch Ib Sec when you build your model The kips inch Sec is acceptable since the
17. Nail pattern Start EXEC T es Bike amp 4 1 eE Direction along X C along Y Type CUREE hyster v Parameters o 500 S0 0 0001 0 1 1 0 015 0 35 0 T5 1 1 Connect Stud 3 x and Stud 4 xj Reset Delete Add gt Spacing 12 v Nail Number 1 Nail schedule ON C24 48 24 48 C1 CT 9N 24 48 24 48 amp C3 CT 15N 24 42 24 42 C2 CT 15N 24 42 24 42 C4 CT TN 8 36 8 36 C5 CT TN 8 36 8 36 CE CT 1N C24 47 5 18 47 5 C1 C4 1N 8 47 5 C2 47 5 C1 C5 1N 8 4T 5 14 47 5 C1 C6 1N 24 4T 5 30 47 5 C1 C2 1N 24 47 5 30 47 5 C3 C2 1N 8 47 5 14 47 5 C3 C6 1N 8 47 5 2 47 5 C3 C5 1N C24 47 5 C18 47 5 C3 C4 File successfully saved to C mywall NPS Figure 36 Create NP model completed and saved Step 6 Save the model as mywall NPS 50 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 51 5 2 2 NP model analysis Step 1 Open NP model analysis window Step 2 Load cyclic loading protocol protocol cyclic pro Step 3 Load the model just created mywall NPS Step 4 Scale protocol to a maximum displacement of 4 inches Use sub step 1 set Pushing DoF to 1X check Check nail box and run analysis Displacement Protocol Analysis Options v Scale to Max 4 Sub Step 1 Pushing DOF 1X Y
18. about the future upgrades please send an email to the authors John W van de Lindt at jwvandelindt engr ua edu and Shiling Pei at shiling pei sdstate edu 1 2 SAPWood Components SAPWood is essentially a toolbox which allows the user to build load modify and save a light frame wood structural model for various seismic related analyses There are three types of models currently available in SAPWood the first one is a bi axial structural model which was introduced by Folz and Filiatrault 2002 in the SAWS program 3DOF in each story with a rigid diaphragm assumption the second one is a simplified lumped mass shear building model with only 1DOF at each story level which can be useful for preliminary uni directional analysis and simplified design approaches and a fully coupled bi axial shear and bending model triaxial model Pei and van de Lindt 2009 van de Lindt et al 2010 The triaxial model also has the option for users to add friction pendulum base isolators to the base level SAPWood also provides the user the ability to build and analyze light frame wood shearwalls using nonlinear connectors nails hold down devices screws etc elements This enables the analysis of woodframe structures beginning at the fastener level when assembly shearwall test data is not available The module termed SAPWood Nail Pattern NP analysis is designed to perform this task the concept is similar to the CASHEW program developed in the CUREE
19. can be used in a SAPWood structural model Currently there are four spring models included in the SAPWood package linear spring model bilinear spring model SAWS type ten parameter hysteretic model CUREE model from CUREE Caltech project and a 16 parameter evolutionary parameter hysteretic model EPHM model The detailed information of these models can be found in the appendix of this document User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 3 2 Tools and usage This section explains the purpose and provides instruction for each analysis tool in SAPWood 2 1 Main Frame Purpose This window allows one to load a structure and or different tools into the SAPWood workspace memory The Main Frame has three parts the Main Menu Workspace and Environment The Main Menu is where the model and all the tools in SAPWood can be loaded for use SAPWood currently supports House models sap or dat and Shear Building models sbd SAWS input files dat can be directly uploaded into SAPWood and the model is auto generated however the wall length and location will not be uploaded since this information is not in a SAWS input file The Workspace provides a place to view and modify the structural models just loaded into memory note that a user may load as many models as he she wishes The Environment allows users to modify the Unit system i e Metric or U S Customary used in the calculation based on the unit system in the inpu
20. ee eere 51 5 3 Woodframe structure loss analysis eese 53 References orae Re et a e NER iq ore e M E i ea 56 AN PPCM Ks A M 58 Ay JInputfie formats oreet shies eor reb HER etie dtr a 58 B Output file formats eL audent es A 64 C Spungmqmodels eere eau acq acia tatu teo 71 D Example structure configuration iv User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 1 1 Overview 1 1 What is SAPWood The program discussed in this manual is Version 2 0 of the Seismic Analysis Package for Woodframe structures SAPWood It is now available for free download from the NEESWood SAPWood webpage at http www engr colostate edu NEES Wood SAPWood htm This analysis program developed based on the Seismic Analysis of Woodframe Structures SAWS and Computer Program for the Cyclic Analysis of SHEar Walls CASHEW see Folz and Filiatrault 2002 concepts is aimed at providing both researchers and practitioners with a user friendly software package which is capable of performing nonlinear seismic structural analysis and loss analysis for woodframe structures In addition to time domain analysis several modules that support the NEESWood PBSD efforts are included and described in Section 1 2 This software package is used extensively in the NEESWood project and may have upgrade versions depending on the advancement in analysis models for light frame wood structure If you wish to be informed
21. home whose floor plan is also attached in the Appendix 5 1 Benchmark structure analysis 5 1 1 Building the model Step 1 Load SAPWood open the model builder Step 2 Input the number of stories and number of wall elements in each story click on Set to generate the empty model structure HE Model Builder lol x SAWS house Shear building Basic info No of Stories 2 No of Walls 311 House Model Filename Reset House Import Close Save ill E Story2 Figure 21 Building a two story townhouse model Step 3 Double click on wall 1 of story 1 bring up the wall property window Step 4 Choose wall direction input coordinates for wall center X Y enter the wall mass and rotational mass 37 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 38 Step 5 Choose the model for the wall the parameter tips will appear above the parameter input box then input the parameters following the sequence indicated by the parameter tips separate each parameter by a blank ag Model Builder E inl x SAWS house Shear building Basic info E House Model No of Stories fe El Story No of Walls BE 4 5 fig 11 Wall properties Story 1 Wall 1 X Wall Info Direction e A Length 9 60e 001 Height 9 60e 001 que Location x f8 00e 001 v 2 70e 002 Mass option o Concentrated Mass fo O0e 000 Saye Rotation
22. in SAPWood e The loading of component fragility file will take some time because of the numerical integration needed for Bayesian updating The program might appear to freeze for a short time but please be patient it will finish 29 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 30 2 10 2 Virtual Hazard simulation Different from vulnerability based simulation Virtual Hazard simulation repeats the loading history during the exposure period with a model that incorporates damage accumulation performing time domain analysis on the structure with cumulative damage upon every earthquake occurrence Many realistic situations can be studied using this simulation procedure such as aftershocks repair strategies and non visual damage etc The basic input information for this type of simulation is identical to the vulnerability based method The same element information file component fragility file and hazard environment file can be used Please see the discussion for vulnerability based simulation for the details on related steps The simulation can be performed with following steps Step 1 Load the simulation tool box Step 2 Specify the seed for random number generator Step 3 Load structural model specify reduction factors Step 4 Load element information assign component fragilities Step 5 Load earthquake hazard environment information Step 6 Specify repair strategy Currently the only option is to choose a damag
23. nail line information First line will be starting at 24 48 ending at 24 48 spaced at 6 inches The Nail Type will be SAWS hysteresis here with parameters 2000 500 50 0 0001 0 1 1 0 015 0 35 0 75 1 1 And the nail line connects stud 1 and panel 1 49 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 fi Build NP model Ba Total number of Studs E Global Location CT Panel 1 X Eb o Global Coordinates and Panels Studs Panels Fixed Cl Stud 1 0 0 48 0 C2 Stud 42 24 0 0 0 C3 Stud 48 0 0 48 0 Fixed C4 Stud 4 24 0 0 0 C5 Stud 45 8 0 0 0 C6 Stud 46 8 0 0 0 Save file name Figure 35 Create NP model first nail line info Hail pattern Start X p Direction CUREE hyster xj R E V End X Type Parameters jo 500 50 0 0001 0 1 1 0 015 0 35 0 T5 1 1 Connect Stud 1 v Reset Panel 1 v and Step 5 Continue entering all other nail lines Spacing Nail Number Other Nail schedule SN C24 48 24 48 8 C1 CT Total number of Studs and Panels F Global Location CT Panel 1 x E NO Global Coordinates Studs Panels Fixed Cl Stud 1 0 0 48 0 C2 Stud 2 24 0 0 0 C3 Stud 3 0 0 48 0 Fixed C4 Stud 4 24 0 0 0 C5 Stud 5 8 0 0 0 CB Stud 6 8 0 0 0 CT Panel 1 0 0 0 0 Save file name mywall Reset Cancel Save i e 5 Lj
24. of earthquake intensities PGA or Sa for each component of the ground motion If Use original ratio box is checked only input intensities for X component and other components will be scaled so that the intensity ratio between the components will be kept as the original earthquake record Step 4 Set the analysis parameters and click on the analysis button The parameters are similar to a single earthquake excitation case except the analysis will take significantly longer depending on the number of values in the PGA or Sa vector Un check write elements box will greatly help with the speed of analysis 14 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 15 HE Incremental Dynamic Analysis Single Earthquake analysis a Analysis gt IDA a Inputs results Earthquake Record x Shape y Shape Az Shape Load Load enera fo Record time interval 2 00e 002 sec Duriation 44 sec earthquake model form workspace Choose gt zi Housel v Biaxial model Housel 3D0F Earthquake scaling PGA g Set Intensity Analysis nalysi A a vector Set analysis Switch X Y parameters and run al Lal RS ratio Write Element 1 00e D01 1 00e 001 0 00e 000 Timestep 2 D0e DO1 2 00e 001 0 O0et000 3 00e 001 3 00e D01 0 00e 000 engine ratio 3 50e 001 3 50e 001 0 00e 000 4 00e 001 4 00e 001 0 00e 000 4 50e 001 4 50e 001 0 00e 000 AES CM 0 1 BOE 5 00e 001 5 00e 001 0 00e 000 a 0 0 5 50e 001 5 5
25. option can be 0 or 1 default value is 0 Please see FAQ for more information 5 If there is no concentrated mass this row still needs to be inputted with 0 s the number of 0 should be equal to the number of stories If this row is 0 the concentrated mass information will not be entered 6 Ct total number of concentrated masses in the model NOT include the concentrated mass associated with the 59 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 wall 60 7 Reserved wall parameters are for future upgrade options for wall elements They will not be used in the analysis of the current version However they must be input in the correct format so that the file will load properly no need to worry about them when using the model builder Use for all of these values and use a correct number of them should be equal to the wall number in each story Triaxial model file format SAP Triaxial model can be constructed by adding vertical spring and possibly FPS isolators information to the biaxial model file The format of triaxial model is explained in the format instruction excel file distributed together with this package Shear Building model file format sbd Each data input in an sbd file should be separated by a space Location Row Data Description 1 N Number of story N 2 Mass 1 Mass N Mass of each story 3 Type 1 Type N Spring type of each story 4 Pa
26. story Drift Dy Story1 5 1288e 001 1 7589e 000 Story2 1 1690e 000 3 0333e 000 Inter story Drift Rr Story1 9 1298e 003 2 9664e 002 Story2 1 1929e 002 4 5942e 002 66 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 67 Story1 1 0554e 001 2 2117e 001 Story2 7 2445e 000 7 7042e 000 Story1 8 6412e 000 2 1903e 001 Story2 1 1243e 001 1 1860e 001 Story1 1 0122e 003 7 4563e 002 Story2 9 5875e 002 4 9766e 002 Story1 5 1127e 002 7 0022e 002 Story2 4 1323e 002 4 3836e 002 Story1 5 2268e 002 6 4689e 002 Story2 6 3718e 002 5 8200e 002 Story1 2 5985e 001 2 4299e 001 Story2 3 5682e 001 1 8608e 001 Averaging time interval 0 2 sec Note If the specified time interval is smaller than the time interval of input excitation the excitation time interval is used to calculate the average Accel Ax average Story1 9 6829e 001 1 0938e 002 Story2 9 6180e 001 2 0094e 002 Ay average Story1 8 6042e 001 1 5960e 002 Story2 8 7776e 001 1 9986e 002 Ar average Story1 3 4271e 000 3 7689e 000 Story2 4 9558e 000 3 7875e 000 End of Global records Beginning of local records PGA g 0 2000 0 6000 The Maximum Drift of the elements Wall1 1 6 3466e 001 1 8320e 000 MDA file Generated by Multi case IDA analysis It contains the IDA results for all global and local wall DOF f
27. 003 2 461e 003 5 06Te 004 4 428e 008 4 626e 008 3 614e 007 3 TT5e 00T 8 92Te 004 4 428e 008 1 608e 007 3 614e 007 1 061e 008 lt gt 253e 002 0 000e 000 3 314e 002 1 591 e 002 0 000e 000 000e 000 9 666e 002 1 591 e 002 D 000e 000 000e 000 0 000e 000 0 000e 000 1 624e 002 000e 000 0 000e 000 k 0 000e 000 T 115e 001 000e 000 0 000e 000 2 395et003 5 678e 003 000e 000 0 000e 000 p 2 385et003 3 537 et003 Figure 27 View the modal results from analysis Step 15 Click the file output options you need then enter the filename you wish to save them under Here we use MyHouse Step 16 Go to the Environment tab of the Main frame change the output directory to the directory where you want these files to be saved to Step 17 Click Output and the results will be saved in the files of your choice Here the files are MyHouse gen MyHouse Glo and MyHouse hys 43 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 44 al Single Excitation Analysis Inputs Mode info Time Serise Response Story DOF Hysteresis Wall Quick Save File Output IV Global results Wall Hysteresis Model name for output files Housel 3DOF Output a HE Single Excitation Analysis Inputs Mode info Results Time Serise Response Story Base v DF y Hysteresis C Wall C Holdown FPS Plot Typ
28. 02 47 0 4997 46165 45 22257 63 4947 47088 39 21391 11 1 9 6706 0 88322 1 1 9 7177 0 83641 1 2 9 8396 0 79459 1 3 9 9314 0 78699 1 4 9 9787 0 74552 oO o oo o o o 1 5 10 080 70318 0 69 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 70 1 6 10 073 0 64654 1 8 10 214 0 56334 2 10 334 0 53497 2 2 10 377 0 49719 2 6 10 557 0 39561 3 10 609 0 37661 3 5 10 694 0 32275 4 10 685 0 28389 0 6046 50923 20614 35 0 69 55150 27 17949 03 0 7444 57915 16 15501 34 0 8451 61286 58 12294 96 0 8546 62436 18 10113 58 0 8997 63744 13 7978 702 0 8997 64085 17 7070 185 0 9497 65053 44 5211 519 Beginning of the data 1 5 000000e 002 0 000000e 000 0 000000e 000 0 000000e 000 2 616651e 002 0 000000e 000 2 176811e 002 0 000000e 000 1 879598e 001 0 000000e 000 1 797382e 002 0 000000e 000 0 000000e 000 0 000000e 000 8 369978e 001 1 1 000000e 001 2 245363e 002 4 504117e 002 2 105297e 002 1 886487e 002 3 911586e 002 8 795535e4002 8 660370e 002 7 890755e 001 7 501007e 001 5 766284e 002 4 909902e 002 2 851999e 002 1 886487e 002 3 911586e 002 1 4 000000e 000 6 593336e 004 6 675259e 004 6 768540e 004 6 647659e 004 6 761297e 004 6 669388e 004 6 696110e 004 6 525899e 004 6 448476e 004 6 770790e 004 6 730953e 004 6 511413e 004 LOS file generated by long term loss simulation procedures vulnerability based and Virtual Hazard It is just a text file with the long term loss samples with no description in the file so one needs to spe
29. 0e 001 x 0 00e 000 Y 270e 002 Concentrated Mass 0 00e 000 Rotational Mass 0 00e 000 EPHM Hysteresis Mass option Use Mass C Use Weight L KO FO DF1a DF1b pF1 SAWS Hysteresis EPHM Hysteresis Cancel v Edit mode Update Figure 5 Wall properties window User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 8 The property window for a particular story level in the simplified shear building model the story element is equivalent to a wall element that is a non linear spring is the place where the shape of the floor diaphragm distributed mass and concentrated mass on the floor can be assigned The nodes of the floor must be input in a counter clockwise fashion The user can plot the illustrative floor shape locations of the concentrated mass and wall locations if wall information has been entered to check the input by clicking Plot and Calculate The geometric properties and total distributed mass on the floor will be listed The plot is not meant to be detailed but rather to provide a ballpark summary for the user to identify gross problems with the input The user can choose between Mass and Weight as she he inputs the masses Mass units means the actual physical unit for mass Ib sec in for U S unit system and kg for S I system and the Weight units are defined as Ib in the U S system and Newton for the S I system Uniform mass on Appears after double cl
30. 0e 001 0 00e 000 8 00e 001 6 00e 001 0 00e 000 BERTHE 00e 000 EHHHHSEESHHEEEHEE T O00e 001 T 00e 001 Cancel V Include Gravity Figure 10 Incremental dynamic analysis inputs Step 5 From the results tab the user can plot the IDA of any global DOF or local wall and hold down response The numerical values of the plotted curve will also be listed in the table at the same time Finally one can output all IDA results to a text file IDA using the output option 15 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 16 View results after HS Incremental Dvz analysis complete Inputs results PES View IDA curves Global and local zi IDA results 3 Shear force xj Plot against Ax Ax Ay Result 01 01 1 548273 02 02 2 73976 The IDA i 03 03 3 893958 bd ih with 0 35 0 35 4 509328 values on the selected element Q4 04 5 000395 highlighted 0 45 0 45 5 557672 0 5 0 5 5 231818 v Save data in IDA file Housel 3DOF utput curve Figure 11 Incremental dynamic analysis results It is a good idea to run a few single analyses first in order to determine the maximum earthquake intensity you would like to use in the IDA if you re unfamiliar with the performance of the model e The plots generated in SAPWood are intended for illustrative purposes If you need a plot of publishable quality the plot should be generated using commercial software such as Excel or MAT
31. 3 Fir 6 079e 001 DFla 4 716e 001 DFib 1 132e 000 pFi 4 41Te D01 prd 1 T56et000 rir 1 000e 004 beta 1 100e 000 8 104e 001 EPHM model parameters for walls in file KO FO ri Xu r2 Xul pl Fim Fir DFia DFib pFi pr4 9 210et003 5 583et002 1 255et002 2 900e 002 3 510et004 1 528et004 1 000e 002 2 413et000 4 146et004 1 59Tet004 1 000e 002 2 000et000 1 368et004 1 000e 002 1 184et000 an ono a amp g e 001l e Common 7 fafiz 7 Wall height inch ae inch 8 ft z Wall length inch Obtain wall parameters Save results above Save to file Cancel Done Get Parameter Figure 18 Wall parameter database toolbox This procedure is good for a small number of walls If there are a large number of wall configurations that need to be evaluated the other option is to create an input file containing all wall information generating wall parameters all at once The format for the wall configuration file can be found in the Appendix Input file formats e Ifthe S I unit system is desired one should use test data or SAP NP model rather than convert the U S unit based parameters in the database since there are dimensionless exponential decaying parameters which may be difficult to transform from one system to the other e The shearwall database should only be used in basic analysis to help gain a feel for the structural behavior There is large variation in the h
32. 4 587523e 003 3 691284e 004 4 910357e 003 1 922002e 002 0 000000e 000 6 289870e 003 1 784774e 002 3 752839e 011 1 554425e 009 6 669078e 009 9 460180e 009 1 384288e 007 1 056048e 002 5 924926e 002 1 520290e 001 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 Example file 0 0000e 000 0 0000e 000 0 0000e 000 0 0000e 000 4 1200e 001 3 7023e 003 8 2400e 001 4 9348e 003 1 2360e 000 5 4620e 003 1 0207e 000 3 1967e 003 8 0543e 001 1 8546e 003 5 9014e 001 1 9288e 002 3 7485e 001 5 6080e 002 1 5956e 001 8 4247e 002 66 IDA file Generated by IDA analysis It contains the IDA results for all global and local wall DOFs Example file Results of the IDA analysis 12 10 2007 9 42 47 AM The earthquake scaling was based on PGA ratio X Y 0 11611 0 11611 from original record Intensity array applied to Ax Unit system US inch lb sec The X Y excitation has been applied to the X Y direction of the model Beginning of Global records PGA g 0 2000 0 6000 Displacement Disp x Story1 6 3198e 001 1 5082e 000 Story2 2 3093e 000 7 3424e 000 Displacement Disp y Story1 5 1288e 001 1 7589e 000 Story2 1 6130e 000 4 2261e 000 Displacement Disp r Story1 9 1298e 003 2 9664e 002 Story2 1 2090e 002 6 3164e 002 Inter story Drift Dx Story1 6 3198e 001 1 5082e 000 Story2 1 8866e 000 6 0572e 000 Inter
33. 5 D Example structure configuration One of the structures used in the example section of this manual is based on the benchmark house structure for the NEESWood project report NW 01 by Christovasilis et al available from the NEESWood website The model file Benchmark sap can be found in the installation folder after SAPWood is installed This model is a simplified model in which only part of the shearwalls are considered There s no concentrated mass in this model and the mass is assumed to be uniformly distributed over the floor diaphragm The coordinate system floor plan and the location numbering of the wall elements are illustrated in Fig 45 and 46 MASTER BEDROOM BEDROOM 1 22 6 ATRIUM LIVING DINING 22 5 m KITCHEN LOWER LEVEL FLOOR PLAN Figure 45 Floor plans for the benchmark structure 75 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 11 76 Upper Level Floor pE eN F fd i y H i g t L 6 5 x FE E 4 1 2 3 11 3 kd Ei 8 Lower Level Floor Be 4 f le 10 j L 6 X Figure 46 Wall element layout in the simplified model The structure used in loss analysis example is a typical two story woodframe single family home The floor plan is illustrated in Figure 47 with red lines denote the drywall partition walls The model file Resident
34. 5 00e 002 mm BEREEEEEEEEE Analysis Wall Model Wall Results Load Initial 1000 FO 5 931e 002 F1 3 885e 001 ri 1 000e 002 r2 0 05 r3 1 000e 000 r4 5 000e 002 xu 1 960e 000 alpha 7 500e 001 beta 1 100e 000 Nail load history Nail ID 10 Nail Location Hysteresis Hysteresis Y Cancel Done Figure 39 Obtain wall parameters from NP analysis 5 3 Woodframe structure loss analysis This example only illustrates the steps to perform a vulnerability based loss analysis The procedure to conduct Virtual Hazard simulation is very similar Step 1 Load the vulnerability based simulation tool box Step 2 Enter seed value as 1 Step 3 Select structure quality as Superior then load model Residential sap Step 4 Set the number of models to 10 set the number of loss samples to 50 53 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 54 Step 5 Load element information file ResidentialElement txt The damage fragility input will be enabled and ID 1 4 will appear in the drag down list Step 6 Select 1 for drag down list click on Assign fragility select component fragility file Frag Shearwalltxt The loading will take a while be patient Repeat this process and load 2 Frag GWBdrywall txt 3 Frag_DW txt for doors and windows and 4 Frag Contents txt Step 7 Open earthquake hazard environment file Eq SanFrancisco txt file you will see a list of earthquake fil
35. Biaxial model fw Housel 3D0F eral Info Record time interval 2 00e 002 sec Duriation 44 sec PGA g X 0 11611 Y 0 116112 Z 0 Structure Housel Input analysis parameters 0 4 g in X 0 35 g in Y g in Z Switch X Y Dt for averaging accel 0 1 Sec v Scale Record to Accumulate if needed v Write elements Time step 0 002 wi Sec Damping Ratio 0 01 Ae Analyze Accumulate Figure 7 Single earthquake excitation analysis inputs Step 5 Go into the Mode info tab where the fundamental period mode Mass matrix stiffness matrix and dynamic matrix can be obtained by clicking the Calculate button The user can choose between Tnitial value and Current value Initial value is the modal analysis results from the initial stage new structure Current value indicates the modal information after the most recent earthquake excitation and is calculated based on the damaged structure Typically the damaged structure should have a longer period An unrealistic long natural period or NAN result usually indicates the instability failure of the model 11 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 12 Choose initial or ETTI eS eee Sto damaged info Inputs Mode info Results Initial Value C Current Value Calculate Fundamental Period 0 3927265 The dynamic matrix Fundamental mode Dynamic mat
36. C Biaxial model Triaxial model Housel BDOF Housel Analysis Scale Record to g in X g in Y g in Z Switch X Y 1 Dt for averaging accel 0 1 Sec V Write elements Time step WA Sec Damping Ratio 01 j Analyze v Include Gravity Cancel b Figure 26 Run bi axial excitation Step 10 Click on Analyze After the analysis is done click on Accumulate This is to successively load the structure with the same earthquake twice 42 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 43 Step 11 Wait for the end of analysis Go to the Mode info tab click on Calculate the natural period fundamental mode and dynamic matrix appears Step 12 Go to the Results tab select the Global DOF from the pull down list then the time history is automatically plotted Step 13 Select any wall from the pull down list then the wall hysteresis is automatically plotted The wall number here is consistent with the wall number in your model file Step 14 Repeat step 11 12 for all the responses of interest ial Single Excitation Analysis Results C Initial Value Current Value Fundamental Period 0 3480988 Fundamental mode Dynamic matrix o 71 313e 004 5 373e 004 5 B13e 004 1 039e 006 1 085e 006 7T 511e 003 5 373e 004 1 172e 003 1 038e 006 8 206e 006 4 T21e 001 1 039e 006 1 085e 006 1 023e 003 1 068e 003 8 815e 001 1 039e 006 9 206e 006 1 023e
37. Description Row 1 Name of the location The location for the hazard character this file represents Ne Number of earthquake records Location of the first earthquake The location of eq2 files used to represent record file the uncertainty of earthquake ground motion The location must include the full path 2 Ne Location of the last earthquake record information file 3 Ne Tn Damp IsCDF l Intensity information 4 Ne List of Intensities 2 Intensity values on the hazard curve 5 Ne List of Annual PE or CDF value Probability values on the hazard curve 6 Ne Nc Time Number of earthquake occurrence Nc in a given period Time in years 1 Tn is the natural period if Spectral Acceleration is used use negative Tn indicates the intensity type is PGA Damp is the damping ratio for Sa ISCDF indicates the type of probability indicator used in the hazard curve The value 1 means the CDF value is used Other values means the annual probability of exceedance is used 2 List of intensities should be in ascending order When paired with the next row of probability values it should provide probabilistic hazard information of the intensity distribution on the building site The Intensity annual PE curve data can be obtained directly from USGS website for locations in U S Component fragility file Component fragility file can be used to indicate the information and data to construct damage fragility distributions for each type of compone
38. Info MaxX 5 00 Max Dx 5 00e 002 Load Analysis Wall Model Wall Results Filename Nail load history Nail ID Nail Location Hysteresis X Hysteresis Y Cancel Done Figure 37 Load NP model and protocol Step 5 Results will appear after analysis is completed And the nail information can also be viewed by choosing the nail ID the nail of choice will be plotted in red also 51 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 52 Wall analysis IBI x Displacement Protocol Analysis Options v Scale to Max 4 Sub Step fi Pushing DOF 1X Y v Check nail Slower analysis Info Max lt 5 00 Max Dx 5 00e 002 ligt BEREEEEEEEEE Analysis Wall Model Wall Results Load Initial Max Select Filename c Nail load history Nail ID Nail Location Hysteresis Hysteresis Cancel Done Figure 38 Perform NP cyclic loading analysis Step 6 Choose CUREE hysteresis to fit the wall behavior press Fit and the fitted model will appear on the same plot The fit is not as good as we would like Step 7 Change KO to 1000 and r2 to 0 05 and hit Fit again A better fitting result appears This set of parameters can be used to represent this wall in a house model 52 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 53 1O x Analysis Options v Scale to Max 4 Sub Step fi Pushing DOF 1x v v Check nail Slower analysis Info Max lt 5 00 Max Dx
39. LAB 2 5 SDOF System Identification Purpose To obtain the cyclic monotonic load displacement properties of a house system for a single global DOF by forcing it through a predefined displacement protocol This option is only valid for biaxial models This tool provides a way to simplify the effects of the entire lateral force resisting system in a floor or entire system to a single degree of freedom nonlinear spring It can then be used in a simplified structural analysis or to determine the load resisting properties of the entire structure The use of this analysis tool is 16 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 17 illustrated in Figure 12 in 4 steps Step 1 Load the displacement protocol file SAPWood can only read a displacement protocol from displacement protocol files having the following extension pro This should be a text file that contains only one column of displacement values one on each row Examples of a protocol file may be found in the distributed package Step 2 Select the structure model Only a biaxial house model can be chosen in this analysis option Step 3 Set the analysis parameters and run The protocol can be scaled so that the maximum value is equal to the value input by the user The user also needs to select the global DOF of interest The sub step here is again used to divide the original displacement increment length in the protocol file to obtain the analysis displacement increment St
40. Ne Nf Number of elements Ne in the structure Number of Fragility types Nf in the structure 3 SID WID ResID Ft Rc The structural element story number StID and wall number WID associated with each 2 Ne SUD WID ResID Ft Rc cost inducing element the response type ResID fragility type Ft and replacement cost Rc 3 Ne Description for element 1 Each component has a one line description 242 Ne Description for element Ne 1 Use story number for each story as StID use 0 for the ground some damageable components need to be associated with ground acceleration such as furniture on the bottom floor Use wall number in the structural model as the WID if the damage is associated with the response of a wall use 1 to indicate the story response Use 1 for ResID for wall drift 1 for story drift 2 for story acceleration Ft is the type of fragility applied to the component 1 lt Ft lt Nf RC is the cost to replace the component It is used to indicate the maximum loss a component could induce 61 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 62 Hazard environmental file Hazard environmental file can be used to indicate the information about earthquake hazard in the structure during loss analysis It can just be a txt file containing the right format and information Each data input in this file should be separated by a space Location Data
41. User s Manual For SAPWood for Windows Seismic Analysis Package for Woodframe Structures Version 2 0 All rights reserved ee MEESWOOD 75559 SAPWOOD v Valversity at Baffalo Version 2 0 Developed by S Pei and J W van de Lindt TEXAS A amp M Colorado State University ENGINEERING www engr colostate edu NEESWood t Rensselaer SAPWOOD is part of the NEESWiood Project funded by the National Science Foundation through Grant No CMMI 0529903 Awoodframe seismic analysis and research tool based onthe CASHEW and SAWS platforms By Shiling Pei amp John W van de Lindt Colorado State University 2010 Free download available at http www engr colostate edu NEES Wood SAPWood htm ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Funding for this study was provided through the National Science Foundation s George E Brown Jr Network for Earthquake Engineering Research NEES R program via NSF grant CMMI 0529903 That funding is gratefully acknowledged DISCLAIMER Opinions and results incorporated in this software package are those of the authors Although the software is believed to be accurate any computational results from use of this software must be verified by the use prior to use in design The authors hold no liability for any consequences resulting from application of this software to the design and or construction of structural systems or components No liability for the information included in this software package is assume
42. a set of trial parameters in the parameter list Then the user can start with these parameters modifying them to obtain a better fit Step 3 Try different sets of parameters Every time the parameters are altered click on fit to see the results of fitting the white line is the model hysteresis Step 4 Alter parameters till satisfied The method to alter parameters for a particular model differs depending on the model itself Please refer to the model description in the appendix Step 5 The user can output the plotted data to a text file so that it can be used later in other programs Both the original data and the model response will be outputted Single Earthquake analysis Tools gt Manual fitting Alter parameters till a close fit Choose model type to be fitted Load test or identified hysteresis Uu l Load Hy Substep Output plot dat 2a Try parameters zi Figure 14 Manual fitting tool 2 8 SAPWood Nail Pattern Purpose To provide the user with a tool to build and analyze shearwall assemblies using non linear hysteretic nail connector elements It is similar to the CASHEW program developed in CUREE Caltech 20 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 21 project This module currently includes two parts the model building and analysis tool More convenient model building options will be added in the future 2 8 1 NP Model Builder Purpose This is an interac
43. al Mass fo O0e 000 House Imporl Element type saws Hysteresis 10 parameters KO FO F1 r1 r2 r3 r4 Xu Alpha Beta Reset Close Use Mass C Use weight 324e 001 7 00e 000 1 67e 000 7 65e 002 3 71e 002 1 30e 000 6 Cancel v Edit mode Update Figure 22 Input wall parameters Step 6 Click Update to close the window and go back to model builder Step 7 Repeat step 3 6 for all other walls Step 8 Double click on story1 bring up the story property window Step 9 Input the Nodal coordinates in a counter clockwise sequence Add each node to the list Step 10 Input the distributed mass value Note that it is with units mass area Step 11 Input the concentrated masses on this floor including the coordinates X Y the mass M and the rotational mass RM Add them into the list Step 12 Click on Plot and Calculate to check your input from the plot the yellow square is the location of Centroid the red circle is the location of concentrated mass Also check the total mass Area x distributed mass 38 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 39 HE Model Builder E inl x SAWS house Shear building M Basic info House Model No of Stories 2 Storyl No of Walls S Story properties Story 1 o xl fi 311 Floor Geometry m Floor Mass Dec en 1 Distribute Mass Weight per area Mass 6 0442E 07 Ad
44. an be performed following steps as shown in Figure 19 Step 1 Load the vulnerability based simulation tool Step 2 Enter a seed value for the simulation By setting the same seed value must be a positive value for different analyses it will control the random number generator to yield the exact same random array In this way sensitivity analysis and comparison can be performed excluding the effect of the random number generator uncertainty If no number is entered the generator will not be controlled and generated by the computer Step 3 Select the reduction level of strength and stiffness of the structural model By setting the maximum and minimum reduction factor the strength and stiffness parameter of the structural elements will be randomly generated in between The deduction for every component will not be the same but follows uniform distribution between the boundaries This input is designed to represent construction quality and 27 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 28 uncertainty Step 4 Load the structural model which must be the biaxial system model Then specify the number of random model samples to be generated For each time domain analysis of a single model sample specify the number of loss samples to be generated Step 5 Load the Element information file This file provides the information about all elements that may cause loss during an earthquake with each one connected to the structural response dr
45. and click Choose 41 Step 6 Click the Scale Earthquake to option and put in the value of PGA in X and Y in unit of gravity Here we use 0 5 and 0 4 Step 7 Take a look at the EQ Dt at General Info of earthquake you just loaded Assign time step value of 0 002 sec Step 8 Select or enter a damping ratio of your choice Here we use 0 01 Step 9 If a triaxial model is loaded with FPS option the enable FPS box will appear Figure 26 b The user can enable or disable the FPS to see the difference in responses 41 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 42 HE Single Excitation Analysis Mode info Results Earthquake Record X Accel in g Y Accel in g Z Accel in g weed General Info Record time interval 2 00e 002 sec Duriation 44 sec PGA g X 0 11611 Y 0 11611 Z 0 Structure Choose gt Housel m Biaxial model Housel 3D0F Analysis V Scale Record to g in X 0 35 g in Y g inZ Switch X Y Dt for averaging accel 0 1 Sec v Write elements Time step v Sec Damping Ratio b 01 mJ Tr Analyze Accumulate Include Gravity Cancel a ial Single Excitation Analysis Inputs Mode info Results Earthquake Record X Accel in g Y Accel in g Z Accel in g mone General Info Record time interval 2 006 002 sec Duriation 44 sec PGA g X 0 11611 Y 0 11611 Z 0 Structure Choose gt
46. atio Switch X Y FeiBrexislinodal Damping Ratio 0 01 eiria eode pans V Write Element info O0 001 Averaging time for acceleration 0 1 Sec 002 001 002 001 00e 001 Specify output 00e 001 options 00e 001 4 0De 001 Run analysis Result and script file Figure 13 Multi case IDA inputs The user must use the output files from MIDA analysis to evaluate the analysis results Tips e Multi case IDA is often a very computer intensive procedure The program will not respond during the process so one can just minimize the window and let it run It is always a good idea to estimate the total time by multiplying the single analysis time by the number of earthquakes structural models and PGA Sa points 2 7 Manual Fitting tool Purpose To provide the user with a tool to determine nonlinear spring model parameters based on an experimental hysteresis or hysteresis result from SDOF Identification 19 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 20 The use of this analysis tool is illustrated in Figure 14 in 5 steps Step 1 Load the hysteresis file Any text file with hysteresis data organized in 2 columns first column is drift second is force can be loaded into SAPWood The hysteresis will appear in red after it is loaded Step 2 Choose the model type to be fitted Linear Bilinear ten parameter model used in SAWS and EPHM Once a model type is chosen the program will automatically generate
47. ays be 1X The user must also set at least 1 fixed component usually the bottom stud as boundary condition to fix the wall Just think of the model as a wall being tested in a cyclic loading test all the studs that will be bolted to the ground should be assigned as fixed in the model builder Step 4 After all the component information has been given the user can input the information for nail lines This part is similar to the CASHEW program the user needs to specify the start and end points of the nail line the nail spacing nail parameters and the components this nail line connect NP builder offers input options of inputting nail numbers direction and spacing instead of start and end points when you choose to input with start and end points direction will always be other which allows you to use nail lines in any direction Nails in a SAPWood NP model can be a mixture of different hysteretic model type Linear and bilinear models can also be used Nail lines can connect studs and panels as they do in CASHEW they can also connect stud to stud so that framing nail behavior and hold downs can be modeled in this case the user might use a nail line that contains just 1 or 2 framing nails Step 5 Apply the nail line after all the information has been entered the nail line will be plotted in the plotting window below and added to the Nail schedule list box on the left Check if there is any error in the input If there is
48. ble click on the component she he wants to define and bring up the property window In the property window the properties spring type parameters mass shape etc can be set and updated After all component properties have been assigned the model can be saved to the output folder with the desired name This procedure is illustrated in Figure 3 with 5 steps Model Builder Press Set and File gt New Model an empty frame is generated Of Model Builder SAWS house Shear building Basic info No of Stories E No of Walls 44 Set story and wall numbers House Model E Story Undefined Wall Undefined Wall2 Undefined Wall3 Undefined Walld Undefined Wall5 Undefined Story2 Undefined Wealll Undefined Wall2 Undefined Wall3 Undefined Walld Undefined E Story3 Undefined Enter the model file name Filename myhouse You can import the Double click on the walls and stories to assign properties model from the House2 Mesel workspace and modify rather than start from scratch Use Reset to start over Save it to the output folder Figure 3 Model builder for house model A similar procedure can be used in building a shear building model User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 EI Model Builder LAWS house Shear building o x Basic info
49. cify the file name clearly when creating the LOS file Example file 0 000000e 000 1 944744e 003 0 000000e 000 0 000000e 000 1 042034e 002 6 902475e 002 2 586495e4003 1 057963e 003 2 770213e 003 0 000000e 000 0 000000e 000 0 000000e 000 0 000000e 000 8 749048e 002 9 685940e 003 0 000000e 000 0 000000e 000 70 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 71 C Spring models Linear spring The most simple spring type with only one stiffness parameter Parameter K stiffness Input sequence in SAPWood K Bilinear spring The simplest nonlinear spring type with energy dissipation properties Parameters KO initial stiffness Ky stiffness after the yielding point Dy the displacement corresponding to the yielding point Input sequence in SAPWood KO Ky Dy SAWS type hysteretic spring CUREE model The 10 parameter model used in SAWS and CASHEW program can be used to model the lateral load resistance behavior of wood shearwall components Parameters KO initial stiffness FO the resistance force parameter of the backbone F1 pinching residual resistance force R1 the stiffness ratio parameter of the backbone typically be a small positive value R2 the ratio of the degrading backbone stiffness to KO typically be a negative value R3 the ratio of the unloading path stiffness to KO typically close to 1 R4 the ratio of the pinching load path stiffness to KO typically under 0 1 Xu the drift corresponding
50. d Node Remove 2 Weight 0 00e 000 0 00e 000 2 31e 002 0 00e 000 2 31e4002 1 35e 002 x Y M RM 3 63e 002 1 35e 002 3 63e 002 0 00e 000 6 33e 002 0 00e 000 e EE 6 33e 002 2 70e 002 IEmIvE 0 00e 000 2 70e 002 Filename 2 Concentrated Mass Weight Reset Import Saye Jv EDIT Mode Cancel Update coal Otand Calculate Floor Shape Information Area 1 53e 005 Mass 9 25e 002 Centroid 318 77 142 86 J 6 5939e 009 Figure 23 Input and check the floor configuration Step 13 If everything is correct click Update to close the window and go back to the model builder Step 14 Repeat step 8 13 for story 2 Step 15 Input a file name you want this model file to be saved as Here we use BenchMark Step 16 Go to the Environment tab of the Main frame change the output directory to the directory where you want this file to be saved to Here we use u temp Step 17 Click Save and a message box will tell you the file has been saved as filename sap 39 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 40 Ini xi SAWS house Shear building Basic infa E House Model No of Stories E Stoyl No of walls i a Miel an a Wa eu Wall3 Wald Filename Model saved to u temp BenchMark sap BenchMark Reset Wa Houset Import Walll2 Es Wall Close E Story2
51. d by National Science Foundation or NEESInc NEESWOOD PROJECT OVERVIEW The NEESWood Project is a four year five university project headquartered at Colorado State University The project director is John W van de Lindt at Colorado State University now at University of Alabama and Co Investigators are Rachel Davidson at the University of Delaware Andre Filiatrault at the University at Buffalo David V Rosowsky at Texas A amp M University and Michael Symans at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute The objective of the NEESWood Project is to develop a logical and economical performance based seismic design philosophy to safely increase the height of woodframe construction in regions of moderate to high seismicity For further details please see the project website at http www engr colostate edu NEES Wood Table of Contents Section Page ERO Mesias EA T ba habead wea yen 1 1 1 What is SAPWood aei di od cete pate eite tertie t eed 1 1 2 SAP Wood Components eer er d aure REIS 1 2 Toolsand sage o eneepOU eB mardi emp pe p ed S 3 2 1 Mam Fraime eee eee RI In a na 3 2 22 JModelBuildet asser deb a dale s 5 2 3 Single Earthquake Excitation cece cee csessecssceeecececeseeseesaeesecsecseeesesseseseeseeesaeeaeeneeeas 9 2 4 Incremental Dynamic Analysis IDA essere enne enne nenenene 14 2 5 SDOF System Identification essent enne eere nennen ene 16 2 6 Mult Record IDA nien mRewRHdi D
52. d will not affect biaxial model or shear building model results Step 4 Press the analyze button and you will see the progress bar move from left to right A typical 2 story house that contains about 20 wall elements under a 40 sec earthquake will take about 10 15 sec to analyze on an up to date PC After the analysis is complete the Accumulate button will be enabled allowing the user to run another earthquake record different records can be used by loading a new record with the already damaged structure This is a unique feature for SAPWood due to the use of the hysteretic model with damage accumulation ability If the write elements box is chosen the hysteretic response for every walls and hold downs in the model will be recorded which will make the analysis slow down as time progresses because there will be less available memory However if the user is only interested in maximum values or just the global Dof responses uncheck the write elements box will greatly accelerate the analysis process this can be very important when a large number of simulations were conducted the only information missing in the result will be the hysteretic loops for each wall element 10 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 11 HE Single Excitation Analysi Mode info Results ake Record X Accel in g Choose structure model from the workspace Info about the earthquake record C Choose gt E
53. e A response w Quick Save File utput 7 Global results Wall Hysteresis Holdown response Model name for output files Housel DOF Output Cancel b Figure 28 The viewing and output of the results If a triaxial model BenchmarkTriaxial sap with FPS option is used in the analysis the response of the 44 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 45 FPS isolator can also be observed after the analysis as it is shown in Figure 28 b 5 1 3 IDA analysis Step 1 Skip to step 2 if model is already in the workspace Click File gt load model to find and load the file you just created in section 1 Step 2 Optional In the work space use Properties to check the walls and stories in your model to see if itis the model you want Step 3 Load the Incremental Dynamic analysis tool by clicking Analysis 2IDA Step 4 Load the earthquake record file eq2 by clicking the Load button Step 5 Choose the model from the pull down list and click Choose Step 6 Select a bi axial option If Customized X Y is chosen input PGA x PGA y or Sa x Sa y value in the blank followed Here we use a ratio of 1 5 Step 7 Add the earthquake PGA s you want to analyze to the PGA or Sa vector by enter the values one by one and click Add Step 8 Set time step and damping ratio in the same way as in Single earthquake excitation analysis Em Incremental Dynamic Analysis Earthquake Record
54. e 42 Backbone curve for EPHM hysteresis Ky Force A lt Different Da levels Tracking indices determines the value of evolutionary parameters exponential degrading rule for loading path stiffness Ky Loading paths controlled by evolutionary parameters Loading paths at different damage levels a b c and d follows different boundary conditions defined by dynamic parameters F and Ki degradation rule for Fy Da Figure 43 Degradation of loading paths Input sequence in SAPWood KO FO rl Xu r2 Xul P1 Fim Flr DFla DF1b pF1 pr4 r4r Beta Fur 73 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 74 Special picewise linear vertical spring The vertical spring is designed to represent the behavior of the vertical resistance between wood diaphragm floors provided by the combination of hold down hardware and compression studs The parameters for the spring and its behavior were shown in Figure 44 below Force Tension region The multi linear spring element used to model the vertical stiffness system in this study Transition region may be a result of tolerance or hold down details a Xt Xt Transition limit Kc Full compression stiffness Kt Transition stiffness Ks Full tension stiffness Parameters need to be calibrated or SORpressipI IRR estimated based on system details Figure 44 Special spring for vertical elements 74 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 7
55. e analysis may be very time consuming if a large amount of samples are to be simulated The total number of time domain analyses can be calculated by multiplying the number of model samples the number of earthquake records and the number of intensity values together Step 10 After the SEC file is generated load the file into the tool box and input the long term loss simulation parameters The intensity limits indicate the minimum intensity that may induce loss and the maximum intensity under which the structure will definitely collapse Ideally the values should be the maximum and minimum intensity in the vulnerability analysis The Exposure period should be in years since the occurrence of earthquake is measured yearly in SAPWood Step 11 Specify output name and the click on Longterm Desired number of long term loss samples will be generated and written to a LOS file which can be opened with a text editor 28 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 29 Load tool box SAPWood 1 0 File Analysis Multi Ans Loss analysis Tools Help Virtual Hazard Simulation Load elements Enter Seed Define et reduction load ereer structural model Elements gle Cost analysis Enter intensity Load Elements C PGA Sa 802sec D roin Structure H3 ine Es n 1002 Superior 4 Frogs Damping ratio 0 01 C Average SEE Intensity mmm a io Max 67810 D
56. e cost replacement cost of the component first to be used at cost data In this way the cost distribution will always be between 0 1 This enables the use of the same Fragility information on same type of component with different actual value for example two shearwalls of different construction cost The cost fragility will be combined with the actual cost in the element information file to yield the real cost during simulation 63 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 64 B Output file formats There are a number of output files generated from SAPWood The ability to generate these output files provides the user with the option of post processing the numerical analysis results with the software package of their choice Most output files have very clear descriptions with the data so that it is easy to read and understand these files The formats of these output files are illustrated with examples in this section gen file Generated by single earthquake excitation analysis It provides general information about the time domain analysis results Example file General information of the analysis 12 6 2007 11 13 38 AM Unit system US inch lb sec Earthquake input information Earthquake scaled with PGA during this analysis Earthquake input record s C Program Files CSU SAPWood Earthquakes Acm2 eq2PGA X 0 34 PGA Y 0 25 EqX applied to model X axis and EqY applied to model Y axis Structure SAWS House with 2 story
57. e level as the lower limit to apply repair More options might be added in a later version of SAPWood Step 7 Specify aftershock generating parameter These parameters control the minimum earthquake intensity that will be used as an aftershock the probability of aftershock and the range of the aftershock intensity as a function of the main earthquake Step 8 Specify simulation parameters Most of the parameters are similar to the vulnerability based simulation The only exception is the damage log option where the user can obtain a time line of earthquake loading and economic loss history for every exposure simulation So the maximum number of damage logs is the number of samples to be generated However one can choose to only generate a log for part of the simulation by specifying a smaller number or even specify no damage log at all It is not a required option for the analysis Step 9 Click on Simulate The Virtual Hazard simulation is very computationally intensive The analysis may take considerable amount of time depending on the number of samples and earthquake occurrence rate An estimation of running time can be calculated by multiplying the number of sample exposure period average number of earthquake per year and duration for a single earthquake analysis together 30 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 31 SAPWood 1 0 File Analysis Multi ns Loss analysis Tools Help Vulnerability Based Analys
58. e work to run The net framework will enable future versions of SAPWood to be run over the web with file sharing etc To solve this problem the user should go to Microsoft webpage http www microsoft com downloads details aspx FamilyID 0856eacb 4362 4b0d 8edd aab15c5e04f5 amp DisplayLang en and download Microsoft NET Framework Version 2 0 Redistributable Package and install this package on the system This package can also be found by searching in www microsoft com downloads for 31 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 32 dotnetfx exe This file is about 22 4MB and is free If you still have problem please contact the authors Shiling Pei slpei lamar colostate edu or John W van de Lindt jwv engr colostate edu 3 2 Fail to load model file If the filename is correct and the file will not load please check the data in the file The sap and sbd file must all use spaces as separators There should not be any blank line in these files This is easy to achieve if you use the model builder to build the file rather than write the file in a text editor yourself The dat file SAWS file can use space tab or a combination of these as separators The dat file ep can use as a comment indicator The empty line between data is allowed in this type of file It is recommended to use the model builder to convert your dat file into a sap file Just load the dat file into th
59. e workspace open the model builder import the model and save it under another name 3 3 Unexpected termination during analysis This might be caused by model instability e g excitation in Y direction but no wall in Y direction or lack of convergence especially an overflow error Try using smaller time steps In a SAPWood NP analysis an error message of Matrix is not stable will occur if the model is not sufficiently constrained Please check the model file in this case 3 4 Unexpected termination during plotting Generally this might be the result of trying to plot an all O time history Check if your model has walls in only one direction If so the restoring force in the other direction will always be 0 and result in an error in plotting The rest of the results should still be available 3 5 Unexpected error during file saving Check if you have the authority permissions on the computer to create a file in the output path You can try changing the output path and save again 32 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 33 4 FAQs Q Where can I get the parameters for the walls in my building A If you have wall hysteresis data from a cyclic wall test it can be loaded into the manual fit tool to find the parameters This will require a basic understanding of the models and parameters for this Version of SAPWood Another option is to use SAP NP or the program CASHEW part of CUREE Caltech Woodframe research project
60. el Add E Tania MM Output Name yumerabiltyresut Fragility prasu Reduction Rate rm Max js ID 1 pal Fragility Vulnerability analysis Long term simulation Min 10 Load Structure Intensity Limits 1 shearwall 2 3 fo s Assign Fragility 0049 Colapse 2 is Earthquake Exposure period 5 structure samples based on loaded aea M Number of Samples 200 Simulation parameters Generate 20 LA area Load SEC file SEC file n Specify sam ple efit oat smps 52 eqs in Output Name flonglossS amples numbers or every time 35 yrs quam domain analysis Longterm Load Earthquake hazard Load SEC and analysis Figure 19 Vulnerability based loss simulation tool The theory behind the loss simulation procedure was described in detail in Pei 2007 A paper on loss estimation is under review at the journal of Structural Safety e SAPWood does not provide any post processing model or procedures for the long term loss data generated The conclusions and inference of the simulated sample may be obtained through the statistical methods or models based on a user s specific need e The user can even develop his her own simulation scheme for long term loss simulation The vulnerability analysis result SEC file can be used as an intermediate result for customized loss analysis It is independent of the long term simulation scheme used
61. ep 4 The hysteresis of the global DOF can be output to a text file for future use The file will be in the output directory with the extension ehy Single Earthquake analysis Resulted global Analysis gt SDoF Identify hysteresis plot fi cyelic Pushing Analysis 3 Displacement Protocol Load the displacement protocol Choose structural model Info The protocol maximum is 5 00 the maximum step is 5 00e 002 Structure House X Choose Housel r nalysis Output IV Scale to Max faz Story v Dof Dx x Substepe Cancel Filename fifouset Output Done Set analysis Output results to parameters and run text file Figure 12 SDOF identification analysis 17 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 18 The house model should have walls in both directions to eliminate unexpected numerical error and instability e The program might allow the user to push the structure to unrealistic very large displacement values But the user should use their experience to determine the credibility of the results For example if one pushes one story of a wood frame structure horizontally for 3 ft the results up to a ft or maybe 1 5 ft are usable e Try increasing the sub step value if the plot does not seem to be a reasonable looking hysteresis e The protocol file can be very coarse containing only the key points
62. es eq2 Change the file path of these files to the eq2 directory in your SAPWood installation folder This is to make sure these files can be loaded from the right place After that save the file and load it to the tool box Step 8 Enter the intensity grid values The array 0 05 0 1 4 was used in this example Step 9 Enter the output name as Vresults and click on Vulnerability analysis Step 10 The analysis may take several hours or as much as a day After it is done the output file Vresults SEC can be found in the output directory which contains all the simulated single earthquake loss data and the vulnerability model fll Loss Analysis Min D Load Structure domain analysis m Elements Single Cost analysis Seed A S Carol Dern L Load Elements C PGA Sa 202sec D 0 05 Time ste Structure EIN m P 0 002 3 amping ratio o 01 Superior pcs C Average Intensity g 67 Elements C Poor Max 75776 Del Add 7 Customized Reduction Fragility Output Name vresults Reduction Rate Z Aem Ma m ID 4 deu Vulnerability analysis M Long term simulation Intensity Limits 4 Contents Oloss 0 048 Collapse 401 Generate fio zl Exposure period rs r Earthquake x d p z i structure samples based on loaded mede N Number of Samples 000 Genera so s SF area Load SEC file SEC file not loaded repair cost sam
63. g an Element information file Component fragility file and Hazard environment file The Element information file presents the damageable elements inside the structure and the way in which the damages are related to structural responses of the structural components The Component fragility file presents the relationship between structural response and repair cost for each type of component The Hazard environment file indicates the earthquake record suite earthquake occurrence information and hazard curve data These files are used in both simulation procedures in SAPWood The detailed information on the format of these files can be found in the Appendix Input file formats The use of input files maximizes the ability of researchers to customize the analysis However it might make it inconvenient for practitioners to use this module This situation will be addressed in a later release of SAPWood Currently the loss analysis module is designed primarily for research purposes rather than practical applications 2 10 1 Vulnerability based loss simulation Purpose Perform vulnerability analysis for a single woodframe building to obtain vulnerability model distribution of single earthquake loss as function of seismic intensity Then this model can be used to perform long term loss estimation by generating long term loss samples given exposure period Assuming the input files have been properly prepared the vulnerability based loss simulation c
64. ght What happened A The SAWS input file does not have the wall length and complete location it only has 1 coordinate information So the SAPWood program assigns default values for this missing information The plot option in the story property window will be plotted based on this default information thus its appearance will not be what is expected However you can load the SAWS file update the information of each wall using the edit mode and save the modified model to a SAPWood model Q I made some changes for the model in the workspace how can I save it A Go to File gt New model and bring up the model builder then use the Import option to load the model in the workspace into model builder Then simply save it to any file name you would like Q Why can t I save my half completed model Why do I need to start all over when construct a model A This cannot be achieved if you use the interactive model builders The best solution is to follow the model file format instruction and establish the model in a text editor notice one can use Excel sheet to help writing and cut paste the page into a text editor which make it easier to follow the format Q What unit system should I use for my SAPWood NP model A You must use the unit system which is consistent with the unit system used in your nail parameter data Q What coordinate system should I use for my SAPWood NP model A Use a global coordinate sys
65. gravity constant G 386 4 can still apply But all the output will be in Kips instead of Ib The same rule applies to kN in SI units The units note in the output file should be ignored if kips or kN is used The earthquake record file should always be in units of gravity such as 0 2 for 2096 of gravity Q Where can I get earthquake input files for my analysis A It is easy to obtain acceleration time history data for historical earthquakes from the USGS website and other strong motion websites However the user may need to generate the eq2 file using other programs MATLAB or Excel for example The format of the eq2 file is as shown below if the earthquake has n data points tl axl ayl azl t2 ax2 ay2 az2 t3 ax3 ay3 az3 33 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 34 tn axn ayn azn There are 20 earthquake record files in the SAPWood installation package which are ready to use once the user installs SAPWood An earthquake folder will be created in the installation folder to contain these files Q Where can I get the displacement protocol files A It is easy to generate the pro file using other programs MATLAB Excel or even a text editor for example The format of a pro file is as shown below if the protocol has n data points xl x2 x3 xn Note that the protocol file can be very coarse containing only the key points The user can use a large sub step number in the analysis to get a refined resu
66. ial sap can be found in the installation folder after SAPWood is installed 8 5m 28 0ft 10 9m 35 7f Shearwall Kitchen 7 3m 24 0f Living Room Door 8 5m 28 0ft Window bod Bedroom z 7 3m 24 08 Bedroom gt 1 5 0m 16 3ft Lower level Upper level Figure 47 Residential structure floor plan 76
67. ibuted mass or concentrated mass on the floor the user can input O for the distributed mass value and leave the concentrated mass blank e Ifthe user does not want to assign any mass to individual walls the mass and rotational mass of the wall can all be zero e Although the user is allowed to input and view the mass in both physical mass units and weight units the data saved to the model file will always be in physical mass units Be aware of this when you want to write a model file by hand using text file editors e The Import option in the model builder allows the user to use a model currently in the workspace as a startup frame for the new model This can be very useful if one need to build a series of model with only a few differences in part of the elements i e checking various designs of the same floor plan It can also be used to transfer a SAWS input file to a SAPWood house model file To import a SAWS dat input file simply import the model and save it under a new name SAPWood will recognize the file 2 3 Single Earthquake Excitation Purpose To perform time domain analysis of a house or shear building model with an earthquake acceleration time series record and view output the results of the analysis This module also provides the modal information of the structure through fundamental period and mode Higher order modes can also be obtained by performing Eigen value analysis on the dynamic matrix provided
68. ich divides the protocol increment into sub steps the pushing DoF which allows the user to choose the DoF of the model on which the protocol is to be applied typically the transient DoF in X at the top stud for a shear wall analysis and the Check nail option that makes the program store the hysteresis loop for every nail during the analysis can be used to detect the most damaged location in the loading process and or nail failure The analysis will be slowed down if the Check nail option is selected since there may be hundreds of nails to store in memory Step 5 Check results after the analysis is completed The hysteresis loop for the wall at the Pushing DoF will be plotted immediately after the analysis The user can save the hysteresis to a file for future use such as fitting with the Manual fitting tool or loading into anther program for plotting purposes or begin to fit the wall level parameters in the analysis window the procedure is exactly the same as Manual fitting tool If the Check nail option was selected before analysis the user can plot the hysteresis loop for every nail in the X and Y direction to see if the connection has suffered degradation if desired In addition the 23 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 24 deformed shape of the nail lines can be viewed by clicking on the Max button above the nail line plot The Initial button is to bring the plot back to the un deformed status for comparison
69. icking on a the floor story Bute Mass Weight per area gui 6 0442E 07 Add Node Remove C Weight i 0 00e 000 0 00e 000 2 31e 002 0 00e 000 Concentrated 2 Concentrated Mass Weight masses Add or remove noces 3 63e 002 0 00e 000 6 33e 002 0 00e 000 6 33e 002 2 70e 002 0 00e 000 2 70e 002 Update floor configurations V ED Cancel Update Plot and Calculate loor Shape Information Geometric Properties Area 1 53e 005 Illustrative floor shape wall Mass 3 25e 002 location centroid and Centroid 318 77 142 86 J 6 5939e 009 concentrated mass locations Figure 6 Story properties window User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 9 e All of the model files are editable text files Sometimes it may be easier to use a text file editor to create and modify the model files Please refer to the input file format in the Appendix e All the locations for walls nodes and masses input into the model must be based on a single global coordinate system arbitrarily assigned by the user It is usually easier but not mandatory to keep the entire plan view of the building in the first quadrant as shown in Figure 6 e Both the biaxial model and the shear building model in SAPWood can be constructed with a mixture of different nonlinear linear models e The nodes for a floor must result in a realistic geometric shape e If there is no distr
70. ift displacement or acceleration etc of a structural component It also indicates the element types and the actual replacement cost for each component Adding all the component replacement costs together the total loss is the collapse loss which is the maximum loss that could occur during an earthquake Step 6 Assign damage fragility to each damageable element type indicated in the element information file Damage fragility distributions in SAPWood are constructed using a Bayesian framework The user needs to specify in the Component fragility files the boundaries for the uniform priors of response and normalized cost given damage level then provide data to update the priors Step 7 The Load Hazard environment file in which the location of earthquake records are specified The information on earthquake occurrence rate hazard curve for the building site intensity indicator PGA or Sa are also indicated Step 8 Enter the intensity grid for vulnerability model results The input and concept are similar to the IDA intensity array But the intensity grid here should start from the intensity which is believed to cause no loss very small to the intensity which will almost surely collapse the structure very large in order to obtain a complete understanding of the vulnerability behavior Step 9 Enter the output name SEC extension will automatically be added indicating Single Earthquake Cost click on Vulnerability Analysis Th
71. ines for the data used to update the Bayesian model The response data given damage level Multiple lines of response data given damage 4 level 4 MuA MuB StdA StdB Nd The boundaries for uniform priors for normalized cost distribution given damage level 1 denoted by MuA MuB StdA StdB Nd is the number of lines for the data used to update the Bayesian model The cost data given damage level 1 Multiple lines of cost data given damage level 1 MuA MuB StdA StdB Nd The boundaries for uniform priors for normalized cost distribution given damage level 4 denoted by MuA MuB StdA StdB Nd is the number of lines for the data used to update the Bayesian model The cost data given damage level 4 Multiple lines of cost data given damage level 4 1 Currently the responses used in SAPWood loss analysis are mainly maximum inter story drift Drift Story Height dimensionless or maximum acceleration use unit of gravity 2 Priors for the mean and standard deviation of the predictive distribution is uniform distributions with boundaries MuA MuB and StdA StdB 3 The row number of later inputs depends on the amount of data inputted in previous lines For example the response data under damage level 1 might be only 1 line but data for level 2 might be 4 lines etc So a definite number could not be given here 4 Normalized cost is used here so the actual cost must be divided by the maximum possibl
72. int NOT the origin of the coordinate system which the user used to create the floor plan input This will make sure that you get the same answer no matter how you created your model However you can manually override this option by assigning 1 to the coordinate option data in the model file In that case the displacement and rotation will be measured from the origin of the coordinate system in which the nodes of floor diaphragms are defined Q Where were all my output files and model files saved to A It is suggested that the first step upon opening SAPWood should be to change the output directory setting to the directory you would like your files to be directed Otherwise ALL the output files including 34 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 35 the model file constructed by model builder will be saved to C by default Q I load the model into the workspace but can t find it in the analysis window s structure list what should I do A The analysis window s structure list only refreshes upon loading This means that the model loaded after the analysis window is loaded will not appear in the list The simplest way to solve this is to close the analysis window and reload it from the main menu Note that you do not need to load any model in the workspace to do Multi case IDA MIDA directly load the model from the file locations you specified Q I loaded a SAWS file and try to get a plot of wall locations it doesn t look ri
73. is Virtual Hazard Simulation BC Virtual Hazard Sim Enter Seed Load Elements icture Structure H2 jas Probability of after shock jos Intensity range o2 to 0 7 x of the main earthquake Load tool box Aftershock parameters Load element info Minimum intensity to induce an after shock Set up model C Superior C Average Fragility info Max C Customized Fiagily Long term simulation Reduction Rate Assign Time step 20 ms Fragiity Damping ratio Intensity Limits Simulation parameters 3 Door Window Load E arthqu ake Load Structure 4JContents Oloss 0 04 Collapse 2 hazard Exposure period fi 5 yrs arthquake Repair Load Earthquake Number of Samples 50 x log option Only repair Fort Collins damage level I Create s Damage Log 1 egsin i 3 Il Repai v Output Name VHlossResul 50 yrs and above Simulate Sat P Begin simulation Figure 20 Virtual hazard simulation tool Repair strategy Tips The Virtual Hazard simulation cannot provide vulnerability results as intermediate output 3 Trouble shooting 3 1 Can t launch the program This situation occurs in the Windows systems when the net framework is not available such as windows98 or early versions of windows 2000 NT and XP SAPWood was developed using VB net and requires the net fram
74. length nail pattern etc It was developed from NP analysis results for standard wall segments So it should only be applied to solid wall segments Currently the wall parameter database is developed under only the U S unit system This database serves only as a reference in preliminary stage of analysis where the wall test data is not available and detailed NP analysis is not necessary The model for drywall in the database is ten parameter CUREE model All shearwalls are modeled using EPHM The use of this tool is illustrated in Figure 18 in 3 steps Step 1 Load the wall parameter tool box read the warning information Step 2 Load the wall parameter database file a database example Walldata bas file is attached Step 3 Specify wall configurations input wall length in inches click on Get parameters The parameter for the wall will appear in the list on the right side 25 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 26 SAPWood 1 0 File Analysis Multi Ans Loss analysis Tools Help Manual Fitting Auto Fitting Load the database Load wall Hi wall parameter database configuration file File input Input wall EPHM model parameters KO 4 348e 004 E E information FO T 1606003 Load your wall configuration file Id ri 1 000e 002 Xu 9 431e 0n enerate parameter for walls in your file Generate parameters for all Fim 1 231e 00
75. lt Q Everything is in PGA here is there a way to use Sa spectral acceleration A There s an option to use Sa in the environment tab the user will also need to specify the target spectral period and damping ratio for the Sa If this is option is selected all the places in this users manual where PGA appears will simply appear as Sa instead The program will automatically scale the earthquake to the specified Sa before performing the time domain analysis For the situation of bi axial excitation where the excitations in X and Y differ the scaling will be done separately for both directions However for hazard environmental file used in loss simulation the user needs to specify in this file whether PGA or SA is used The analysis will not be affected by the PGA Sa option in the SAPWood main window tab Q What is the unit system used in SAP Wood A The program itself is without any units But when the user selects SI or US from the environment tab the gravity constant G will be set to 9 81 or 386 4 based on the selection So please be sure to use consistent units in the model files to avoid errors that are difficult to detect Q What does the global displacement and rotation really mean in SAPWood A The global displacement is measured relative to the non shaking ground at the centroid of the first floor diaphragm For upper stories the projectile location of the first floor centroid is used The rotation is relative to this po
76. model Figure 15 SAPWood NP model builder tool 22 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 23 Tips e Some users might find it easier to create the model file with a txt editor rather than using the model builder Please refer to the NP model file format in the Appendix for file format information The model file has an extension of NPS e The NP model does not allow 2 nails in the same location If such a configuration is needed the user can shift one of the nails with a very small amount of displacement such as 0 01 inch to avoid an error message e The unit system in the NP model is the same as the global models Always be consistent with the unit system in which your nail parameters were constructed 2 8 2 NP Analysis Purpose This is an interactive tool to perform monotonic or cyclic loading analysis on the shear wall models built from the NP model builder The use of this tool is illustrated in Figure 16 and 17 in 5 steps Step 1 Load the NP Analysis tool Step 2 Load the protocol file This will be the displacement protocol the wall is to be displaced with It can be either monotonic or cyclic Step 3 Load the model and the plot of nail lines will appear If there is an error message please check the model file Step 4 Set analysis parameters and analyze The analysis parameters include protocol scaling parameter which allows the user to scale the protocol to a maximum value sub step parameter wh
77. nt in the structure during loss analysis It can just be a txt file containing the right format and information Each data input in this file should be separated by a space All component fragility files in SAPWood are based on a 4 level damage system Level 1 Non detectible level 2 Repairable Level 3 Borderline repairable and Level 4 Replace demolish Location Data Description Row 1 Name of the Fragility type One line comment of the damageable component this file represents 2 Rlow Rhigh Rn The lower Rlow and upper Rhigh boundaries define the range for the responsel distribution given damage This range will be divided into Rn segments and the PDF values will be calculated on each segment Rn is the resolution of the response 62 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 63 distribution 3 Cn Pn Cn is the resolution of the Cost distribution Pn is the resolution of Prior distributions 4 MuA MuB StdA StdB Nd The boundaries for uniform priors for Response distribution given damage level 1 denoted by MuA MuB StdA StdB Nd is the number of lines for the data used to update the Bayesian model 5 4 Nd_ The response data given damage level Multiple lines of response data given damage 1 level 1 Various MuA MuB StdA StdB Nd The boundaries for uniform priors for Response distribution given damage level 4 denoted by MuA MuB StdA StdB Nd is the number of l
78. or multi cases each row of IDA data corresponds to a different earthquake record Example file Results of the MIDA analysis 11 29 2007 2 46 56 PM 67 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 Unit system US inch lb sec Input information Totally 2 models analyzed 1 C Program Files CSU SAPWood Biaxial Models BenchMark sap 2 C Program Files CSU SAPWood Biaxial Models Example1 sap Totally 2 Earthquake records analyzed 1 C Program Files CSU SAPWood Earthquakes Acm2 eq2 2 C Program Files CSU SAPWood Earthquakes Anor2 eq2 Totally 2 PGA points analyzed 1 0000e 001 2 0000e 001 Damping Ratio 2 0000e 002 Time step used 1 0000e 002 Analysis using PGA Story 1 of 2 Dx PGA 0 10 0 20 1 0214e 001 2 0514e 001 1 0455e 001 2 6594e 001 Story 1 of 2 Dy PGA 0 10 0 20 1 5948e 001 3 8225e 001 1 5678e 001 4 3710e 001 Story 1 of 1 Dx PGA 0 10 0 20 2 8271e 001 5 2220e 001 2 0225e 001 5 0098e 001 Story 1 of 1 Dy PGA 0 10 0 20 1 1717e 001 2 2426e 001 3 9490e 001 2 8928e 001 Beginning of Local records The structure C Program Files CSU SAPWood Biaxial Models BenchMark sap Wall1 13 of Story1 Drift PGA 0 10 0 20 1 0117e 001 2 3026e 001 8 9403e 002 2 7300e 001 Wall1 13 of Story1 Force PGA 0 10 0 20 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 69 2 8431e 000 5 9141e 000 2 3748e 000 6 1857e 000 Wall2 13 of Story1
79. ory where you want these files to be saved to Step 16 Click Output and all the results will be saved in the files of your choice Here the file is MyHouseIDA IDA i Incremental Dynamic Analysis Inputs Global Plot against G hx C hy Ax Ay Result 0 1 0 1 0 112402 0 2 0 2 0 2244415 0 3 0 3 0 4187233 0 4 0 4 0 T542545 0 5 0 5 1 200125 0 6 0 6 1 808966 DT 0 7 3 143761 Save data in IDA file Housel DOF Cancel Include Gravity Figure 30 View IDA curves and results 46 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 47 ia PTO eere ere nr aag Inputs results C Global Wall Cc Story 1 Wall FE xj Dof Shear force zi Plot inst Ve otis Output completed bx Ck utputfile successfully written to C XMousel 3DOF IDA Ay Result 0 1 0 1 n 2 282125 0 2 0 2 0 3 428992 0 3 0 3 0 4 654618 0 4 0 4 0 6 103512 0 5 0 5 0 6 136002 0 6 0 6 0 7 975872 0 7 0 7 0 7 954204 Save data in IDA file House 3D0F Output i o Cacat Include Gravity Ins Figure 31 Save IDA s to file for future use 5 1 4 SDOF Identification analysis Step 1 Skip to step 2 if the model is already in the workspace Click File gt load model to find and load the file you just created in section 1 Step 2 Optional In the work space use Properties to check the walls and stories in your model to see if itis the model you want
80. ournal of Structural Engineering 2004 130 9 1361 1370 Pang W C Rosowsky D V Pei S amp van de Lindt J W Evolutionary parameter hysteretic model for wood shearwalls Journal of Structural Engineering 2007 accepted in press Folz B amp Filiatrault A Cyclic analysis of wood shear walls Journal of Structural Engineering 2001 127 4 433 441 van de Lindt J W Rosowsky D V Filiatrault A Symans M D amp Davidson R A The NEESWood project Progress on the development of a performance based seismic design philosophy for mid rise woodframe construction 9th World Conference on Timber Engineering Portland OR 2006 Christovasilis I P Filiatrault A and Wanitkorkul A 2007 Seismic testing of a full scale two story wood light frame building NEESWood benchmark test Neeswood Report No NW 01 Dept of Civil Structural and Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo available on line at http www engr colostate edu NEES Wood J W van de Lindt S Pei H Liu and A Filiatrault 2010 Three Dimensional Seismic Response of a Full Scale Light Frame Wood Building A Numerical Study ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering 136 1 56 65 S Pei and J W van de Lindt 2009 Coupled shear bending formulation for seismic analysis of stacked wood shear wall systems Earthquake Eng and Structural Dynamics 38 1631 1647 S Pei and J W van de Lindt
81. ples regen x mua for every time 35 yrs Longterm Figure 40 Loss simulation of the residential building Step 11 Enter 0 049 and 4 01 as the zero loss and collapse intensities Enter 50 years as exposure period and choose 1000 samples Step 12 Load the Vresults SEC file just generated Step 13 Use Loss_50 as the output name and click Long term After the analysis 1000 samples of 50 year economic loss of the structure in San Francisco area will be written to Loss_50 LOS file This 54 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 55 simulation will only take a couple of minutes Step 14 Repeat Step 13 for different exposure periods needed One can see the benefit of vulnerability based simulation is that the time consuming vulnerability analysis for a structure only needs to be conducted once Then the long term simulation will only need the SEC file and can be done very quickly 55 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 56 References 10 Pei S and van de Lindt J W Methodology for earthquake induced loss estimation An application to wood frame buildings Accepted by Structural Safety 2008 in Press Folz B amp Filiatrault A Seismic analysis of woodframe structures I Model formulation Journal of Structural Engineering 2004 130 9 1353 1360 Folz B and Filiatrault A Seismic analysis of woodframe structures II Model implementation and verification J
82. r the earthquake is loaded the record time interval will be used in the nonlinear time domain analysis It is recommended to keep the time step below 0 005 sec if there are non linear elements in the structural model One way to examine if the time step is small enough is to look at the hysteresis plot after the analysis If the corners of the resulting hysteresis are angular with the obvious exception of the bilinear hysteresis you may want to decrease the time step The damping ratio here is a simplified way to apply damping based on the Mass Matrix and Initial Stiffness Matrix of the system Please refer to the FAQ for details The Switch X Y box is an option to apply the earthquake record in X direction on to the Y direction of the model similar for Y axis Finally the time interval for maximum average acceleration is a time interval used in the analysis to calculate the maximum average acceleration of each floor Because numerical integration may result in irregular spikes in the acceleration time history which does not reflect the realistic acceleration experienced by the floor using the average acceleration in a given short time interval will help reduce the influence of numerical fluctuation If the model loaded has the Friction Pendulum Base isolation System built in the Enable FPS check box will appear and the user can choose to enable or disable the FPS layer Include gravity check box only applies to triaxial model an
83. rameter for Spr 1 Spring parameters for each story 3 N Parameter for Spr N 44 N Reserved space Reserved for future use input 1 here for each story for now SAPWood NP model file format NPS Each data input in an NPS file should be separated by a space Every coordinate value in the model is based on a global coordinate system defined by the user at the beginning of the model construction Please also see the example mywall NPS distributed with the installation package for details Location Row Data Description 1 CN NN Number of components CN and Nail lines NN 2 X 1 Y 1 Center location for each component one row ee M for one component 1 CN X CN Y CN 1 CN 1 Dofl Dof2 ID for Dof s need to be fixed 2 CN 1 Ntype pl p2 Nail type Ntype followed by parameters p1 T p2 for nail lines 2 CN NN Ntype pl p2 2 CN NN 1 Xs Ys Xe Ye Sp dir C1 C2n Start point Xs Ys end point Xe Ye spacing e EU Sp Direction dir Component 1 C1 2 CN 2NN Xs Ys Xe Ye Sp dir C1 C2n component2 C2 Nail number n for nail lines 1 If one want to fix the Nth component the Dof ID will be N 3 2 N 3 1 N 3 since the NP model assign 3 Dof s for 60 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 61 each component 2 Direction ID for NP model is 1 in X 2 in Y 3 depends on start and end points One could leave Nail number n to be 1 to let
84. rix 71 184e 003 5 964e 004 T 2T5e 004 La 1 566e 006 1 253e 002 5 964e 004 1 472e 003 1 499e 006 1 834e 005 4 705e 001 1 499e 006 1 566e 006 1 299e 003 1 35Te 003 8 823e 001 1 499e 006 1 934e 005 1 299e 003 3 138e 003 74 926e 004 6 302e 008 B 583e 008 4 T08e 00T 4 918e 00T OE B 302 e 008 3 326e 00T 4 T08e 00T 1 409e 006 gt The first fundamental mode E BA4e 02 1 315et 02 0 000e 000 9 666e 002 h 1 315e 002 D 000e 000 0 000e 000 t 0 000e 000 1 2T6e 002 0 000e 000 p 0 000e 000 5 575e 001 0 000e 000 2 998e4003 4 B35e 003 0 000e 000 2 998e 003 2 926e 003 The mass matrix The stiffness matrix Figure 8 Modal analysis results Step 6 After the analysis the user can easily get a general idea of how the structure performed by looking at the results tab in the analysis tool The user can also view the time history plot of any global DOF including restoring forces and moments and the hysteretic response of any wall hold down or FPS element if write elements box is checked during the analysis The selected wall will be highlighted as the user browses among the walls Then the file output option leaves it to the user to decide which data should be saved as text files General Info gen will always be output and it contains the maximum global responses Global results Glo includes the time history results of global DOF s force will not be incl
85. s 8 22 2006 3 14 39 PM Unit system US inch lb sec Displacement output Time sec 2 0000e 002 4 0000e 002 6 0000e 002 8 0000e 002 1 0000e 001 Force output 2 0000e 002 4 0000e 002 6 0000e 002 hys file Generated by single earthquake excitation analysis It provides hysteretic response of all Story1 X 4 693345e 004 1 345850e 003 2 207709e 003 3 100269e 003 3 653253e 003 5 56561 9e 002 1 570302e 001 2 563258e 001 y R 2 881727e 004 8 843146e 004 1 576522e 003 2 347804e 003 2 905428e 003 1 830492e 002 5 526635e 002 9 792289e 002 the wall elements in the model Example file Storya X 5 012285e 009 7 231205e 008 2 869087e 007 6 634809e 007 1 090316e 006 5 944105e 001 1 529525e 000 1 996804e 000 Wall hysteresis results of the analysis 8 22 2006 3 14 39 PM Unit system US inch lb sec The wall hysteresis the walls in story 1 Time sec 2 0000e 002 4 0000e 002 6 0000e 002 ehy file Generated by SDOF identification analysis It is just the equivalent hysteresis data of the Drift Wall1 0 000000e 000 4 699718e 004 1 355044e 003 global DOF Force wall1 Drift Wall2 0 000000e 000 1 353313e 002 3 838059e 002 0 000000e 000 4 699718e 004 1 355044e 003 Force wall2 y R 4 906954e 004 1 610710e 003 3 102659e 003 4 848521e 003 6 109361e 003 2 438840e 003 3 014629e 002 1 016278e 001 2 955567e 004 9 824215e 004 1 960484e 003 3 271791e 003
86. t 1 Node1X Node2X X coordinates for Nodes in the Nth story diaphragm 3 8N Wt NodelY Node2Y Y coordinates for Nodes in the Nth story diaphragm 3 8N Wt 1 Dmass1 Damss 2 Distributed mass for each story diaphragm 3 8N Wt 2 CmassN1P CmassN2 Number of Concentrated mass for each story 5 8N Wt 1 X Y M RM Location Mass and Rotational Mass for Concentrated mass 1 at story 1 548N4Wt4 Ct X Y M RM Location Mass and Rotational Mass for Concentrated mass CmassNN at story N 5 8N Wt Ct 1 Wlen 1 wlen 2 Wall length for story 1 5 9N Wt Ct Wlen 1 wlen 2 Wall length for story N 5 9N Wt Ct 1 Rp 1 Rp 2 Wall exterior nail spacing for story 1 5 10N Wt Ct Rp 1 Rp 2 Wall exterior nail spacing for story N 5 10N Wt Ct 1 Whigh 1 Whigh 2 Wall height for story 1 5 11 N4WtCt RWhigh 1 Whigh 2 Wall height for story N 5 11N Wt Ct 1 Rp 1 RpQ Reserved wall parameter for story 1 5 12N Wt Ct Rp 1 Rp 2 Reserved wall parameter for story N 5 12N Wt Ct 1 Rp 1 RpQ Reserved wall parameter for story 1 5 13N Wt Ct Rp 1 RpQ Reserved wall parameter for story N 5 13N Wt Ct 1 Rp 1 RpQ Reserved wall parameter for story 1 5 14N Wt Ct Rp 1 RpQ Reserved wall parameter for story N 1 Wall type ID 1 Linear 2 Bilinear 3 CUREE 10 parameter hysteresis 4 EPHM 16 parameter 2 Wall direction ID 1 in X 2 in Y 3 Wt total number of walls in the model 4 Coordinate
87. t model file It also allows the user to change the path for all file outputs from SAPWood However note that the default output is set to the root directory of the C drive C The PGA Sa option in the environment allows the user to use spectral acceleration Sa or peak ground acceleration PGA in order to specify the intensity magnitude of the earthquake for all the SAPWood tool inputs except loss estimation where the choice of the intensity indicator is specified in the earthquake environment information file If the Sa option is used the user must also specify the target period Tn and damping ratio at which the Sa is to be evaluated Note Some of the modules have not changed from V1 0 to V2 0 Thus part of the figures uses the V1 0 display User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 lni x Work Space Environment Add model Pushover T Load view and delete models i Story2 E House2 NEESWood_Ph E Story Wall Wall2 oo Wall3 Wald oo Wall5 WorkSpace Lwae Loaded models i i Wal gt Wall Wall Walll Wall oo Walll2 oo Walll3 Story2 E Sbld1 mysbld2 sbd Figure 1 Main frame and work space Choose unit File Analysis system Work Space Environment Unit System SI mN ka sec US inb sec Choose unit system based on model file units Set the output path Current Output directory for file output All Dutput files will be u house model SAPWOOD SAPW DODv10
88. tem of your choice for model construction However the system must have its X axis in the horizontal direction and Y axis in vertical direction of the shearwall you build Q SAPWood NP model builder always tells me I have repeated nails what happened A An NP model will not allow 2 nails at the exactly same location If you do want to put the nails in such a configuration shift one of the nails a little bit such as 0 01 inch Note that this may be occurring at the corner nails Q The SAPWood NP analysis yields unusual unrealistic wall hysteresis loops and the deformed wall plot doesn t make sense what happened A If the user wants to impose a displacement beyond the wall capacity the model will become unstable If the wall model is not constrained properly such as one component is not connected to any of the others by mistake the model will become unstable However the program can still provide the results based on numerical evaluation which may make no practical sense Some suggestions to avoid this situation are Use a monotonic protocol first to find out the limit of the wall avoid cyclic protocols with too many cycles 35 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 36 since the numerical error may accumulate constrain the wall components properly use the appropriate number of sub steps Q How do I decide the length of a wall segment to be built as one wall element in SAPWood NP A The NP model can consist of a ver
89. the program decide the nail number based on the spacing and start end points If you want to put just 1 nail in a certain location use that location as a start point use 1 for spacing and put 1 in nail number Wall configuration input file format Wall configuration file can be used to input multiple wall configurations in the wall parameter database tool box and generate wall parameters all at once It can just be a txt file containing the right format and information Each data input in this file should be separated by a space Location Data Description Row 1 N Number of walls N in the file 2 Type Nail Pattern Height Length Wall configuration information for each wall in the file 1 N Type Nail Pattern Height Length 1 Wall configurations are represented by integer numbers as follows Type 1 Drywall 2 Shearwall Nail 1 8d common 2 10d common Pattern 1 2 12 2 3 12 3 4 12 4 6 12 5 12 12 Height 1 8ft 2 9ft 3 11ft Length use the actual length of the wall in unit of inches Element information file Element information file can be used to indicate the information about all damageable components in the structure during loss analysis It can just be a txt file containing the right format and information Each data input in this file should be separated by a space Location Data Description Row 1 File description A one line comment of the file contents 2
90. the user can delete the nail line he just entered and re enter the information again 21 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 22 Step 6 After all nail lines have been entered save the model under the file name of choice SAPWood 1 0 File Analysis Multi Ans Loss analysis Tools Help EQ excitation IDA IMA SDoF Identify Pushover Analysis Load NP model builder Enter information on nail lines including start end location spacing model type and connection Input number of studs and panels and press Set HE Build NP model m Basic Info Nail pattern a Total number of Studs and Panels Set Start 24 Ye 48 Spacing e E Panels Studs E aes fi M End X 24 y 4s Nail Number M Global Location cijsud i x Y Direction along X along Y Other Fixed X mmm Y I Type cuREE hyste Nail schedule Global Coordinates Update Parameters SN 24 48 24 48 CT C 15N 24 42 24 42 C2 C7 9N 24 48 24 48 C3 C7 C1 Stud 1 0 0 48 0 Oe 002 0 C2iStud 2 24 0 0 0 5 53e 003 2 10e 002 3e 001 1 00e 002 0 02 C3 Stud 3 0 0 48 0 Fixed C4 Stud 4 24 0 0 0 C5 Stud 5 8 0 0 0 C6 Stud 6 8 0 0 0 C 7 Panel 1 0 0 0 0 Reset Delete Update center location of each stud and panel component Fix The nail lines will be plotted and appear on the list Save your
91. the workspace So load every model you need before opening the analysis window This is true for other analysis windows also If there is an unexpected error during analysis and the time step is small check the model first 13 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 14 e f there is an unexpected error during plotting check if your model has walls in only one direction which is unrealistic and will cause a singular stiffness matrix If so the restoring force in the other direction will always be 0 and result in a plotting The rest of the results are still good plotting the force in that direction should be avoided under such a situation e If the results seem to be too large it either indicates the structure is not strong enough or the time step is too large Also be sure to check that you not entering weight values as mass e The Switch X Y option switches the input AFTER the records are scaled So the scaling is based only on the X and Y direction of the earthquake record NOT the X and Y axis of the model 2 4 Incremental Dynamic Analysis IDA Purpose To perform Incremental Dynamic Analysis on a single structure using a single earthquake record View and output the analysis results IDA curves after analysis The use of this analysis tool is illustrated in Figure 10 in 5 steps Step 1 Load the earthquake record Step 2 Choose the structure to be analyzed from the workspace Step 3 Input the list
92. then simply use a large sub step number to get a refined result 2 6 Multi Record IDA Purpose to provide an automatic tool to compare the dynamic properties of multiple structures under multiple earthquake ground motions and intensities It can also be used as the tool to perform batch analysis The use of this analysis tool is illustrated in Figure 13 in 6 steps Step 1 Choose multiple models The models do not need to be in the workspace Only the same type of model Biaxial or shear building is allowed for analysis in any one Multi IDA The file name of the model will be added to the list after it is loaded Step 2 Select multiple earthquakes The file name of the earthquakes will be added to the list after each one is loaded Step 3 Enter the PGA or Sa vector This is very similar to the IDA module However if the user just wants to run a group of earthquakes without scaling the No scale box can be checked to achieve that Step 4 Set the analysis parameters This includes the model type option so a single MIDA run can only include one type of model time step and damping ratio to the critical damping Note that the time step is used here instead of a sub step since different earthquake records might have different time increments The program will automatically assign different sub steps to each earthquake so that the time increment is a constant across all earthquakes Again un check write elements box
93. tive tool to build shear wall models with components studs and panels and connectors nail screw etc The model built in this tool can be loaded into the SAPWood NP Analysis module to perform monotonic or cyclic loading analysis The NP model has 3 degree of freedom on every component stud and panel These components undergo rigid body displacement with the restraint of the nails connecting them together It is highly recommended that the user use a text editor to construction NP model files based on the format explained in the Model file format instruction xls file distributed with this package For a complicated model using the interactive model builder may be less efficient than directly create model files The use of this tool is illustrated in Figure 15 in 6 steps Step 1 Load the NP model builder Step 2 Enter the total number of studs and panels in your wall and press Set A list of studs and panels with an automatic numbering sequence will appear in the list box below Step 3 Input the center location in global coordinates It is up to user to establish the global coordinate at any location in the wall plane but the X direction must be horizontal and Y direction must be vertical This coordinate system once established will be used for both component location and nail line location input It is recommended that the user always set the 1st stud 1 as the top stud Then the pushing DoF during the analysis will alw
94. to the maximum restoring force of the backbone curve Alpha stiffness degradation parameter usually takes a value between 0 5 0 9 Beta strength degradation parameter usually takes a value between 1 01 1 5 71 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 72 CD backbone curve A Q backbone curve B 3 unloading path 4 transition path uploading path Drift KO initial stiffness r1 r4 stiffness factorfor loading paths xu ultimate loading displacement F0 backbone tagent intersection F1 loading path intersection Kp uploading stiffness as function of c B and drift Figure 41 Loading paths and parameters in SAWS hysteresis model Input sequence in SAPWood KO FO F1 r1 12 r3 r4 Xu Alpha Beta Evolutionary Hysteretic Parameter Model EPHM hysteresis The 16 parameter hysteretic model developed at CSU It allows more adaptive modeling of the degradation behavior of the wood shearwall components It is recommended to model shearwalls with the EPHM when they might experience significant damage large drift level during the earthquake Parameters KO initial stiffness FO the resistance force parameter of the backbone R1 the stiffness ratio parameter of the backbone typically be a small positive value Xu the drift corresponding to the maximum restoring force of the backbone curve R2 the ratio of the degrading backbone stiffness linear portion to KO typically be a negative value
95. u eene eme 18 2 7 Manual Fitin tools sonnen ARR SERE OO P ERR 19 2 8 SAPWood Nail Pattern 34 4 irr etr e pod de e e e eter ees 20 2 8 1 NP Model Builder 5 ee e de ode tege UI seni triv in 21 2 8 2 NP Analysis ue REPERI PB IR 23 2 0 Wall parameter database teet eerie M tere ep eei 25 2 10 Loss analysis oett terere dono n Roe Hee Res e ree din erecta 26 2 10 1 Vulnerability based loss simulation essere 27 2 10 2 Virtual Hazard simulation esee eene enne 30 3 JIrouble sbooting eee eet Ee E 31 3 1 Can t launch the program et eee anre Hd EA ARE E ERRES 31 3 2 jFadtoload modelfile oer ete gil ai Aan aa etnies ete e 32 3 3 Unexpected termination during analysis esee 32 3 4 Unexpected termination during plotting sess 32 35 Unexpected error during file saving sees 32 Ax c BAOSd ue eee RR HW Ia E 33 5 Examples eee en noe tpe eet eet tee bitte ge nt t ede eh 37 5 1 Benchmark structure analysis esee enne nennen 37 5 1 1 Building the model dine esee eue 37 5 1 2 Single earthquake excitation analysis essen 40 5 1 3 DPAanaily S18 renes a ette De De Oe E 45 5 1 4 SDOF Identification analysis eese ener 47 5 2 SAPWood NP wall model analysis eene 49 5 2 1 NP model building ieu dob e D s 49 5 2 2 NP model analysis i hire pr t tnde de
96. uded unless Include force is checked The wall hysteresis hys contains the data of the hysteresis plots for every single wall 12 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 13 HE Single Excitation An View results after View Global DOF analysis is completed Inputs Mode info response time historv Time Serise Response Story DOF Hysteresis View Wall hysteresis response Wall Wall Quick Save highlighted with hysteresis Output file options File Output v Global results Wall Hysteresis Model name for output files Housel 3DOF Output results to text files Figure 9 Single earthquake excitation results e Accumulation analysis can be performed to model successive earthquakes or repetitive excitation from a shake table The results can be checked during the accumulation to observe the propagation of damage within the structure e It is easy to see if the elements behaved as expected by looking at the hysteresis plots If the hysteresis plots are not satisfactory or the convergence is poor one can decrease the timestep value to make sure that the hysteresis shape looks more appropriate e You may not need to output all results for every analysis for example if you are using a trial and error approach to achieve a certain drift you may only want to see the maximum response in the gen file You must close the analysis window to load new models into
97. vely use the software Some knowledge of this topic is needed to construct the uncertainty models needed for the simulation A thorough review of the loss simulation framework behind the program is likely needed before one can make full use of it However as the loss estimation procedure gets more mature in future research the ultimate goal for the loss analysis module in SAPWood is to provide a loss estimation tool that can be used by an analyst with limited expertise in uncertainty modeling and loss estimation A future release of SAPWood will provide this capability 36 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 37 5 Examples This example will illustrate the use of some of the SAPWood tools by going through three analyses The first one is the analysis of a two story woodframe townhouse The second one is the cyclic analysis of a simple wood shearwall The third one is the long term loss simulation of a residential building The model files structure model and wall model earthquake and protocol files can be found in the distribution package in the installation directory after installing SAPWood One of the models used here is a simplified model for the NEESWood benchmark structure tested at the University at Buffalo NEES buffalo NEES laboratory in 2006 as part of the NEESWood Project Christovasilis et al 2007 The floor plans of the benchmark structure are attached in the Appendix The residential structure is a typical single family
98. will greatly improve the simulation speed especially when the simulation amount is great Step 5 Choose output options Checking on Analysis log will provide a log file recording the analysis inputs and parameters MDA file will generate MDA file with all the maximum responses By checking Output gen and glo the analysis will output all the Glo and gen files for every single analysis performed in the MIDA This is equivalent to a typical batch run analysis 18 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 19 Step 6 Run the analysis Since the multi case IDA may take significant time to run the user should note that MDA files will be automatically generated only after all time domain analyses are completed Having the program to output gen and glo for each analysis will be helpful in case of a possible system crash If a project name is assigned by the user these files will be saved under the assigned project name Otherwise the program will generate a file name based on the time and date of the analysis automatically Multi Ans gt Multi IDA HE Nulti case IDA MIDA Batch run Structure Choose Multiple Add Models Remove C BenchMark sap C Alp1 eq C Residential sap C Alp2 eq2 Choose Multiple C AALpB eq2 rM RON C Anor2 eq2 Enter intensities C nor3 eq2 Set analysis Earthquake scaling PGA g narametere C Shear model Time step sec D 005 No scale MV Original r
99. y long segment of shearwall even with holes and openings or a short solid wall segment The choice will affect the final outcome of the assembly level house model fewer wall elements representing very long wall segments or more wall elements obtained from shorter wall segments With the final product assembly level model in mind the user can choose the configuration accordingly However it is recommended that one NP model have ONE top stud so that the model actually acts as a SINGLE wall element Notice that for some of the long wall segments with openings it is not possible to build the wall with one top stud But as long as the top of the wall deforms as a single stud during cyclic loading it can be modeled with one top stud in the NP model So it is good practice to use short wall segments if one is not sure about the wall behavior In addition these shorter segments have a higher likelihood of being used in future models since they are typically more general Q I do not understand the theory behind the loss estimation procedures Is there anything I can use as a reference A Please see the reference section of this manual Q I am not familiar with loss estimation and have never done it before How hard would it be for me to use the loss analysis tool in SAPWood to perform analysis on my structure model A Unfortunately the user of the loss analysis in SAPWood will need a considerable amount of background and preparation to effecti
100. ysteresis of shearwalls even with identical nominal configurations This variation is not considered in this parameter database 2 10 Loss analysis Tools to simulate and predict economic loss in woodframe structures under earthquake hazard analysis are integrated into SAPWood based on the long term loss analysis framework developed by the author 2007 and the assembly based vulnerability framework proposed by Porter 2000 Two simulation procedures are included in the loss analysis module Vulnerability based simulation first generates single earthquake 26 User s Manual for SAPWood Version 2 0 27 vulnerability model for the target structure through time domain analysis simulation then the vulnerability result file is loaded to perform long term loss simulation A Virtual Hazard procedure simulates the entire life time of the structure with successive time domain analyses on a damage accumulation model Details of both simulation procedures can be found in Pei 2007 The Loss analysis module released with SAPWood 2 0 has not been fully calibrated The user should be aware that the results of the loss analysis depend on the user s own input information and do not represent the opinion of the authors In addition to the structural model additional cost and hazard related information for the structure needs to be inputted for the analysis In the current version of SAPWood these inputs are organized in form of input files includin

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