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CyanoWatch operation manual

1. UNITS Because n vivo cyanobacteria detection is a relative measurement we have not included units on the Cyanowatch screen or in the logged data However if correlation between the Cyanowatch signal and cell counts or extracted pigment analysis is conducted the Cyanowatch can be calibrated to estimate actual cyanobacteria concentration in cells mL or ug L please see Appendix G for greater detail THEORY OF OPERATION Excitation Es o By A Light Source AP Photodiode Water Sample Flow Figure 1 Fluorescent Detection Theory of Operation Fluorescence data can be used to supply an indication of cyanobacteria growth in the sample water Although the fluorescence data is not quantitative see Appendix G a robust relationship between the fluorescence signal and actual cyanobacteria concentration can be easily determined through a comparison with cell HEV 1 3 counts or extracted pigment samples However in many instances it may be more useful to develop a relationship between the fluorescence signal and another measure of cyanobacteria growth such as taste and odor analysis or presence of toxic compounds In other cases the relative fluorescence signal may be all that is needed to make informed decisions The power of the Cyanowatch oystem is in the sensitivity of the fluorescence measurement and it s ability to continuously monitor the cyanobacteria community which is constantly changing sometimes v
2. alarm occurs during calibration when you return to the HOME screen ALM will be blinking in the upper left hand corner of the screen Correct the REV 1 3 condition causing the alarm then recalibrate the unit During calibration the 4 20 mA output will send out a 4 mA signal 7 Use distilled or de ionized water as blank solution If you are not using commercial distilled water check your source of blank solution against distilled water for background fluorescence DO NOT USE SAMPLE WATER AS A SOURCE OF BLANK SOLUTION Use of the wrong blanking solution can result in inaccurate fluorescence values Use only Turner Designs fluorescence calibration solution see Calibration Solutions in the Replacement Parts page 17 These calibration solutions meet strict specifications that are difficult to achieve when the solutions are made at the customer s site Not using the Turner Designs solutions could result in inaccurate fluorescence values All solutions are injected with a syringe into the stainless steel Luer lock Injection Port Depress plunger at a steady slow rate 10 Use a separate syringe for the blank and calibration solutions 11 Avoid injecting bubbles into the unit Bubbles trapped when injecting the blank and calibration solution are a possible cause of instrument error With the syringe in a vertical position tap the syringe against a solid object to move the bubbles to the needle end of
3. itio ire reb tertiis 5 Start Up Procedure 5 Monitoring Mode 6 CALIBRATION 10 Calibration Procedure 10 Notes on Calibrating 11 Calibration Data Screen 12 Table 1 Calibration Data 12 INTERNAL DATA LOGGER 13 Paramete S is att EO ER UE 13 Software Installation 13 Running IDL Software 14 Examining Downloaded Data 15 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE 16 Cleaning Basket Strainer 16 16 Cleaning Flowcell 17 lc 17 Replacement Parts 17 ALARMS 18 Alarm 18 Alarm Activation 18 Multiple Alarms 18 Alarm History 18 Notes About Alarms 18 Definitions 19 TROUBLESHOOTING 20 Diagnostics 20 Troubleshooting Guide 22 service Assistance Returned Goods 24 opecifications Accessories 25 26 APPENDICIES A CONFIGURATION SHEET 27 B INSTALLATION CHECKLIST 28
4. 0011450 O d 06X r 1 MOd 110 811 tl 2 57 7 1 801081 L G AVM v L JAIVA 0550581 119 no 0050008 11721 gt 31ON Y 1 JN JidWVS OL LINN AVSVal WO 31dWVS ONILLId HLOd OL 3OVWVQ ASNVD ONIN3IHOILMH3AO A3 VSS3O3NNI S NOLO3NNO2O Q3Q V33Hl1 OILS V Id ANNOS V 33VW OL Q3erifWo33l S SI OINOA38 SNANL 572 OL SLAWd ONIgWfYId 11 J318W3SSV 7 ONOTV NAY OL ONISWflTd 434 MOI NO 3019 ONILNNOW TIVM Q3Q33N SV HLON31 OL L 43X 144 1 9 8 71344 31ddlN OL diddlN Q3SO 19 WO3H ONISWfYld 318143557 72 a SdVUM OL ONISN SONILLIJ CI3Q V3slH1 31VW 33d 35v3134 aunoav Z 333 3d VI NO 331 d VJM 1 W 0092 50 10 O23 SW 4 66 61 10 186 0009 YSNANL SNOILONALSNI A18W3SS V da 860 866 REV 1 3 cyanowatch 38 Figure 5 Cyanowatch Front View 14 82 9 AC OUTPUT 2 lt G gt 8 AC OUTPUT 2 N 7 AC OUTPUT 2 H ik 4 AC OUTPUT 1 lt H gt S9 AC OUTPUT T lt N gt o AC OUIPUT T o 79 1 AC POWER IN lt gt 2 AC POWER IN lt N gt 3 AC POWER IN G AK 3 4
5. Can LCD contrast be adjusted using the UP DOWN arrows LI YES With Acid 3 Date flowcell was last cleaned With Acid With Brush 0 4 Turn main power to the instrument off and remove enclosure face being careful to remove keypad ribbon cable from the circuit board Tug each wire to the terminal strip to see if it is firmly connected 35 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Cyanowatch TROUBLESHOOTING WORKSHEET Cyanowatch RECORD SYSTEM VALUES ACCESS KEYS lt HOME gt 0 lt HOME gt lt 1 gt lt HOME gt lt 2 gt HOME lt lt gt HOME lt gt lt 6 gt HOME lt gt 7 lt HOME gt lt gt lt HOME gt lt gt lt ENT gt lt HOME gt lt gt lt ENT gt lt ENT gt lt 1 gt lt HOME gt lt gt lt ENT gt lt ENT gt lt ENT gt lt HOME gt lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt lt gt 36 SYSTEM VALUE VALUE Cal Soln Value Background Value High Signal Alarm Alarm History list alarms AC Cycle Time AC On Time software Version Raw Blank FS Blank Raw Cal Std FS Cal Std Does AC Relay A amp B go off on when ENT toggled Oper Hrs Lamp Flow Blank Cal std cyanowatch REV 1 3 Figure 3 Cyanowatch Inlet Plumbing Appendix F FIGURES CM POS 0 TELE EOM Fal a SNIBIA TTd 1 AMIO ver SB po Yo JT PAM te CECCO 220 sai NOIL23NNOO 5 PNT H2
6. Refer to Figure 3 and 4 page 36 3 Ensure that sampling point will avoid air entrapment 2 Sample from the side of the water line to avoid air entrapment 3 Provide a free unrestricted drain for the sample stream preferably to the tower basin no back pressure max 10 ft 3 m rise CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS ELECTRICIAN 1 Ensure that the environment will support a NEMA 4 enclosure 2 Provide 90 250 VAC 50 60 Hz 5 amp electrical service to the Cyanowatch 3 If the unit s 4 20 mA output signal will be used check to see if an isolator should be purchased 4 Terminate flow switch wiring on terminal strip refer to Figure 5 pg 38 FINAL REQUIREMENTS CUSTOMER 1 Obtain needed materials calibration solution distilled water dilute acid calibration kit flowcell cleaning brushes Customer s Responsibilities This checklist outlines the work that is required prior to start up Work is necessary to ensure quality and proper operation However if any of these requirements cannot be met contact Turner Designs Technical Services In some cases alternative procedures will still provide reliable results 29 cyanowatch REV 1 3 APPENDIX FIRMWARE FUNCTIONS The unit has a software interface that simplifies calibration and changes of unit values See ocreens Flow Charts pages 31 33 The following descriptions of the unit s software functions will help provide a better understanding of the unit 1 Screens
7. originally 8520 on the keypad Step 5 Press ENT CALIBRATE SYSTEM 1 to start Step 6 Press 1 BLANK SOLUTION Using the blank solution syringe flush the flowcell with 60 ml of blank solution via the Luer lock Injection Port Then inject another 60 ml blank solution and allow it to remain in the flowcell by leaving the syringe attached Step 7 Press ENT BLANK XXXX REV 1 3 otep 9 Any value less than 2596 is acceptable If the blank is over 25 and 0 is pressed you will receive an error message Press lt ESC gt to abort the calibration and check the blank solution When reading is stable press 0 The unit will display a flashing WAIT wait message in the lower right hand corner of the screen while the unit registers the blank Then the screen will display To continue Press ENT Press ENT CALIBRATION SOLUTION Using a clean syringe flush the flowcell with 60 ml of Turner Designs calibration solution see Replacement Parts pg 1 7 via the Luer lock Injection Port Then inject another 60 ml calibration solution and allow it to remain in the flowcell by leaving the syringe attached For Phycocyanin instruments dilute the Turner Designs Calibration Solution to 100 ppb concentration 4 1 dilution For Phycoerythrin instruments dilute Turner Designs Cal Solution to a concentration of 10 ppb 40 1 Press ENT CAL SOLUTION XX Wait for the read
8. then SOLUTION allow portion of second 60 ml to remain in flowcell Press lt ENT gt ENT CAL SOLUTION 10 If the number shown is between 1 and 10 wait for XX reading to stabilize then press lt gt WAIT command will appear po SOLUTION 11 When finished unit will prompt you to press ENT to continue To continue 12 Press ENT Press ENT ENT Press 1 to End 13 Press 1 to accept the new calibration settings Unit Calibration returns to calibration menu Open valve to start sample flow by returning lever to the vertical position Calibration is finished 34 cyanowatch REV 1 3 APPENDIX E Cyanowatch TROUBLESHOOTING WORKSHEET The Troubleshooting Worksheet is designed to facilitate diagnostic data collection After collecting all data on the worksheet most problems can be solved over the telephone Refer to the Service Assistance Returned Goods Section for the appropriate numbers Please fill out worksheet completely All entries are important GENERAL INFORMATION Unit Serial Tag is located beneath sample block Field Contact Name Field Contact Phone Description of Symptoms Date Time Symptoms Started Describe Any Physical Damage To Unit Date of Last Calibration Press ENT from HOME screen to read last calibration date THE HOME SCREEN READS RFU If ALM is blinking press lt ESC gt and record alarms PHYSICAL INSPECTION YES 2
9. C FIRMWARE FUNCTIONS 29 D SCREENS FLOW CHARTS 31 System Value Screens User ID Screens 31 Diagnostic Screens 31 Time Date Alarm Screens 32 Data Logger Screens 32 Calibration Screens 33 E TROUBLESHOOTING WORKSHEET 34 ec Eu eda DUUM hee 35 G Cyanowatch White Paper 42 FIGURES amp DIAGRAMS Figure 1 Fluorescence Detection 1 Figure 2 Front View External 9 Figure Inlet Plumbing 36 Figure 4 Outlet Plumbing 37 Figure 5 Front View Internal 38 Figure 6 Front View External 39 Definitions 41 INTRODUCTION CYANOBACTERIA FLUORESCENCE Cyanowatch is a fluorescence sensor designed to monitor the level of cyanobacteria in water The Cyanowatch continually senses the concentration of either phycocyanin PC or phycoerythrin PE fluorescent pigments unique to cyanobacteria Phycobilin pigments are a group of accessory pigments unique to cyanobacteria PC and PE are two phycobilin pigments that also happen to have strong and unique fluorescent signals that can be detected by the CyanoWatch Cyanobacterial species living in freshwater environments tend to contain predominantly phycocyanin while marine
10. Stop by pressing from the HOME screen then 0 then ENT to toggle 6 From the Cyanowatch access the downloading screen by pressing 2 from the data logger main menu Download data 5x 8 to start 7 Cyanowatch press 8 five times to start downloading data The PC will display a bar graph and data block countdown The Cyanowatch will display Download data Data Blks XX If there is an error in downloading data the following screen will be displayed Comm error lt ESC gt to retry a If the error screen appears press lt ESC gt and make sure the serial cable is securely connected and operational b Make sure the correct serial port has been selected IDL software main menu c Check to make sure that the Cyanowatch date and time functions have not been changed for the current data logged d Verify that you completed steps 1 7 Correct screens must be displayed on both the computer and Cyanowatch 10 11 12 14 cyanowatch When downloading is finished IDL will ask you to name the file and select the path folder for the downloaded file Click on Browse to change the name or path or you can accept the default name test bin and path Then click on OK to return to the Main Menu If you would like to wait until later to convert the data to ASCII format in order to save disk space then skip to step 12 To convert the data to an ASCII file now
11. be on working and properly connected to the terminal strip Press 1 or lt 2 gt from the screen above then lt ENT gt to toggle the chosen relay ON and OFF The device should go on when ON is selected and off when OFF is selected If it does not then be sure to check the device itself first then check the terminal strip connections trained personnel ONLY When the test is finished return to the HOME screen and device control will revert to control by current unit values This function can serve as a manual override for device control tests While on this screen you can turn a device on and off regardless of the unit values previously entered 4 From the above screen press ENT Oper XXXX Hrs Lamp ON Flow ON Oper This indicates how many hours the unit has been in operation since installation Lamp This indicates whether the LED light source is operating properly Flow This indicates whether the flow is ON OFF 5 From the above screen press ENT Blank X X 21 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Troubleshooting Guide REMEMBER handle any alarms FIRST SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSE SOLUTION HOME screen displays 1 System Values are 1 Check the Configuration over OVER blinking from incorrect i e Cal Soln Record for the site Access the over to OVER Value etc oystem Values and verify that they are entered correctly A blinking over OVER is a different symptom than a
12. connections Two inch NPT pipe connections are provided for 74 inch PVC pipe hook up The sample outlet line is 1 4 inch female the sample inlet line is 74 inch male shut off valve If the Plumbing Accessory Kit is purchased the outlet line is 1 4 inch female to connect to user supplied 1 4 inch male piping the inlet line is 1 2 inch NPT female to connect to user supplied inch male piping see Figures and 4 on pages 36 37 IMPORTANT Sample discharge should flow to an To connect a wire to the terminal strip TURN OFF MAIN POWER TO THE INSTRUMENT AT CIRCUIT BREAKER Loosen the proper terminal screw screwdriver provided and insert wire from below into terminal Tighten screw firmly A termination legend is provided on the backside of the enclosure door for reference To disconnect a wire TURN OFF MAIN POWER TO THE INSTRUMENT AT CIRCUIT BREAKER Loosen the termination screw and pull the wire out of the terminal When finished carefully insert the ribbon cable onto the PCB and replace enclosure face with the 4 screws unrestricted drain Pipe rises greater than Signal wires and power wiring should 10 feet should be avoided Mounting eyelets are an integral part of the plastic housing Mounting the unit at eye level is recommended Electrical Connections Electrical connections should be made only by trained personnel Refer to Figure 5 pg 38 for the Terminal Connecti
13. go on to step 9 To convert a BIN file to a regular ASCII file PRN file from the PC click on the Convert Downloaded Data File to ASCII File IDL will then ask you what file you would like to convert to ASCII Click on Browse to locate the file or click on OK to accept the default file Click on OK to begin conversion IDL will display Conversion has started IDL will convert the BIN file to an ASCII file of the same name with the extension PRN When Conversion completed appears click on OK to return to IDL Main Menu To exit IDL click on the X in the upper right hand corner of the software window or select Exit from the file menu Disconnect the computer from the unit Erase the data currently in the Cyanowatch by pressing lt gt from the HOME screen then 3 from the data logger menu Erase data 9 5X to start When data is erased the unit will display Erase data All Data Erased REV 1 3 13 Enter new internal data logging parameters on the Cyanowatch if desired or resume logging with the previous parameters 14 Return the unit to normal operation Examining the Downloaded Data The ASCIl format PRN files can be opened viewed or printed using most standard computer programs To examine the data run your program then open or import the PRN file containing the downloaded data A typical line of data from the internal data logger will look like this your numbers
14. has been accomplished since the data was collected with plans to improve the detection limit to approximately 250 cells mL Throughout both trials the control green alga Chlorella sp remained constant with a background fluorescence reading not exceeding 10 units A separate trial was performed that investigated the interference between natural lake water and humic acids encountered in the natural water column See Appendix A Figure 10 Humic acid was used as the natural interference at dilutions of 0 20 mg L Humic acid was introduced in two concentrations at low and high algal cell densities to evaluate background interference and instrument detection response All trial species evaluated at high cell densities with the addition of humic acid exhibited an inverse response on fluorescence readings bringing fluorescence readings down 2 4 units In contrast additions of low cell densities with humic acid increased fluorescence readings by 5 7 units indicating that humic interference while detectable is statistically insignificant 44 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Performance of the phycoerythrin optical kit was conducted on the CYCLOPS 7 submersible fluorometer instrument platform Laboratory tests were run using two purified and commercially available phycoerythrin pigments B phycoerythrin and R phycoerythrin A combination of the various phycoerythrin pigments would be present in natural systems and dilutions of both were tested using the CYCLOPS 7 Se
15. involved and expensive system that requires highly trained 43 cyanowatch REV 1 3 technicians IVF methods are commonly used with periodic correlation to quantitative extraction methods that include fluorometric spectrophotometric or HPLC methods IVF Sensor Performance The performance of Turner Designs IVF Cyanobacteria sensors See Appendix A Figure 12 has been extensively tested to identify the performance specifications The data presented here was performed using the SCUFA submersible fluorometer instrument platform the CYCLOPS 7 submersible fluorometer and the CyanoWatch on line fluorometer The same optical filters and LED light sources are used on all four of our solid state instrument platforms comprised of the SCUFA submersible fluorometer Aquafluor handheld fluorometer 5 7 submersible fluorometer and the CyanoWatch on line fluorometer The optical specifications for phycocyanin and phycoerythrin sensors are depicted in Appendix A Figures 1 3 Unlike IVF of chlorophyll a the IVF of cyanobacteria is typically correlated to cell counts rather than the concentration of extracted pigment due to the complications in extracting phycobilin pigments IVF can also be correlated to other meaningful measures that the cyanobacteria effects such as filter run times occurrence of taste and odor in drinking water or the presence of cyanotoxins For example if the occurrence of a taste and odor event corresponds to an IVF
16. reading of 100RFU relative fluorescence units you can then use this information to establish warning triggers for future events Using the on line CyanoWatch system a user could set an alarm to trigger if the IVF value remained above 75RFU for 20 minutes or more This could then provide early warning for the potential onset of a taste and odor event Testing of the phycocyanin optical kit took place at a third party laboratory Monocultures of three freshwater cyanobacteria species Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Aphanizomenon flos aquae Microcystis aeruginosa See Appendix A Figures 4 8 and one culture of a green algae Chlorella sp as a control were used to test the sensor See Appendix A Figures 9 As is the case with IVF of chlorophyll a different species of cyanobacteria have slightly different fluorescence cell concentration relationships For example cell size cell packaging and accessory pigments effect the amount of fluorescence per cell In nature these species effects are averaged out to a large degree and tests using monocultures represent a worst case scenario in terms of variation in the fluorescence cell concentration relationship During the trial C raciborskii displayed the best detection level while A flos aquae was the next most optically sensitive and M aeruginosa displayed the lowest optical sensitivity The detection limit of the sensors is approximately 500 cells mL However optimization of the sensor
17. steady OVER and indicates that the sample reading exceeds 999 This is most likely related to the System Values entered for the site If for example a Cal Soln Value of 200 was erroneously entered the unit s numerical calculation of the sample reading might exceed 999 NOTE Examine Possible Cause Solution in the numbered order 2 Incorrect calibration 1 Check the Calibration Data screen Recalibrate the unit be sure to use the correct calibration solution and that the reading 15 between 196 10 Check the expiration date of the solution HOME screen displays 1 Possible optics Check the FS reading in the OVER not blinking from over problem Improper or Diagnostics sequence to OVER deteriorated filters A steady OVER is a different symptom than a blinking over OVER and indicates that the sample reading is too high for the unit s light detector This is related to the chemistry of the sample and displays that the sample readings are too high for the unit at the current sensitivity level NOTE Examine the Possible Cause Solution in the numbered order 22 cyanowatch REV 1 3 SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSE 2 Incorrect calibration 3 System Values are incorrect i e Cal Soln Value etc SOLUTION Recalibrate the unit making sure that you are using the correct Calibration Solution and that it reads between 1 and 10 Check the expiration date of the so
18. the syringe Then force the bubbles out by pushing a small amount of solution through the needle end of the syringe 12 The LEFT ARROW may be used to return to previous calibration screens 13 During the calibration sequence MAKE SURE to wait for BLANK 96 and CAL SOLUTION readings to stabilize before pressing the appropriate key on the keypad 12 cyanowatch 14 DO NOT allow the calibration solution to sit in the flowcell for longer than necessary approximately 2 minutes 15 To abort the calibration and maintain the current calibration settings press lt ESC gt before step 9 is completed The unit will prompt 1 Abort Cal ESC Continue Press 1 to abort 16 The entire calibration procedure must be completed for the new values entered during calibration to be store Calibration Data Screen This screen provides a check on proper calibration It is accessed from the HOME screen by pressing ENT then Table 1 Calibration Data otd ENT amp 2 Default 00 15 0 0 1 000 Blank Shows raw data output for blank solution as set during calibration It can be used to check proper calibration Blanking capability of the instrument is 2596 e g maximum blanking of raw data is 250 0 Cal Std Shows raw data output for the standard solution as set during calibration It can be used to check proper calibration REV 1 3 INTERNAL DATA LOGGER Cyan
19. the above screen press ENT Raw The raw signal output is the output from the unit s light detector This is the output Cyanowatch uses in conjunction with the Cal Soln Value Background value etc to arrive at the fluorescence readout on the HOME screen It can be used to diagnose problems with the unit For example if the HOME screen always reads zero and the Raw reading is also zero there may be an optics problem If the HOME screen reads zero but the Raw reading does not read zero then check the Cal Soln Value to make sure the proper value is entered FS96 Acts like an analog meter Indicates the raw signal output as a percentage of the maximum that can be read Value Range RAW 0 00 to 1000 00 reading gt 1000 00 will display OVER FS Oto 100 if Blank equals 0 20 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Cal std XXX X 3 From the above screen press ENT 1 Test RlyA ON For definitions ranges and default values 2 Test RlyB OFF of these items see Calibration Data ocreen page 12 AC Outputs Two independent solid state relays control AC electrical output through connections terminal strip connections 4 9 If Cyanowatch is connected to an automated valve or other control device via terminal strip connections 4 9 this function allows you to test whether the unit s internal circuitry is operating and terminal strip connections are correct To test the device control of the Cyanowatch the device itself must
20. water On line fluorescence sensors can replace or reduce the need for manual cell identification and counting procedures and can be used to trigger tests to evaluate taste and odor cell identifications or the presence of specific toxins in a water supply Current monitoring techniques cell counting turbidity periodic sampling for laboratory analysis etc do not give a useful picture of what is going on Heservoir Management In reservoir management however strict quantitative information is seldom necessary Frequently what is required is the location of algae or warning of a bloom so that adequate treatment may be applied In such cases watching for increasing trends or peak fluorometer readings will provide the necessary information For more quantitative information calibrate seasonally to correct for local conditions by an extraction method or by sending occasional samples to a commercial water lab Increase Filter Run Time In many cases the first indication of an algae problem is plugging of the filter In vivo fluorometry of chlorophyll a and cyanobacteria permits monitoring of algae growth so that corrective action may be taken before the algae becomes a problem one reservoir studied by Rich P H 1984 a fluorometer was used to continuously monitor the intake water This proved to be a very effective way of following trends and provided early warning of excessive algae Corrective action to prevent unacceptably short
21. will flush to the floor Sample Block This houses the flowcell and optical filters To change the flowcell or filters the Sample Block must be replaced Power Terminal Strip Located behind the bottom enclosure front panel Power AC out flow switch and 4 20 mA chart recorder connections are made on this strip see Figure 4 page 37 Electrical connections should be made only by trained personnel cyanowatch REV 1 3 APPENDIX G CYANOBACTERIA DETECTION IN WATER USING N VIVO FLUOROMETRY Overview Cyanobacteria a k a blue green algae are common forms of photosynthetic bacteria present in most freshwater and marine systems The monitoring of cyanobacteria is of growing interest in a number of research and monitoring fields and of particular interest is the monitoring of cyanobacteria as a public health risk As the rates of eutrophication accelerate due to human impacts on aquatic ecosystems algal blooms are becoming a more common problem In the case of cyanobacterial blooms some species can produce toxins generally referred to as cyanotoxins that can cause health risks to humans and animals The real time monitoring of cyanobacteria through fluorometry can serve as an early warning system for potentially hazardous conditions In addition to potential toxin production cyanobacteria blooms can also result in water with an unpleasant appearance and in the case of drinking water an unpleasant taste and odor These problems adversely aff
22. 20 mA output should be set to a value slightly higher than the highest fluorescence signal phycocyanin or phycoerythrin concentration you expect to experience If the signal exceeds the assigned 20 mA value the unit will simply output 20mA If the 20mA value is set excessively high you will limit the resolution of your analog data The unit will reject as INVALID INPUT the new 20 mA value if it is not higher than the 4 mA output value Press lt 4 gt Press ENT Key in the 20 mA output Press ENT Press HOME REV 1 3 The narrower the range of the 4 20 mA settings the greater the resolution During an alarm condition the 4 20 mA output will still send out the fluorescence signal During calibration the 4 20 mA output will send out a 4 mA signal From the HOME screen press 5 to enter change the sixth System Value User ID 5 User ID Change For security a USER ID is required to change the System Values or calibrate the unit The original or default value is 8520 To change the USER ID Press 5 Key in Master ID 1962 Press ENT Key in new User ID Press ENT Press HOME From the HOME screen press 6 to view the seventh System Value AC Relay Status 6 AC Relay Status Displays the current activation status of AC Relays A and B This screen is for visual status only The AC Relays are used to control an external device activation state cannot be altered
23. 96 52 cyanowatch REV 1 3
24. Bullt into the unit are a series of computerized screens which are called up using the keypad and shown on the digital display 1 1 Home the unit has been activated the HOME screen is continuously displayed except when accessing other screens From the HOME screen access the calibration data and the calibration sequence by pressing ENT Other screens are accessed from the HOME screen by pressing various keys on the keypad Go to the HOME screen by pressing the HOME key except during the calibration procedure To return to the HOME screen from calibration first press lt ESC gt to abort the calibration sequence 1 2 Warning Screens There are warning screens throughout the software that inform of invalid entries for values or ID 1 3 Alarms When an alarm occurs ALM blinks in the upper left hand corner of the HOME screen The nature of the alarm can be discovered by pressing lt ESC gt from the HOME screen see Alarms page 17 and Troubleshooting page 19 Keypad Functions 2 1 Left Arrow The LEFT ARROW can be used to correct typing errors when data is being entered or changed It acts as a backspace or delete key During calibration it can be used to return to previous screens in the sequence if you wish to re run the calibration It is also used from the HOME screen to view the alarm history 2 2 Up and Down Arrows From HOME screen can be used to change screen contrast 2 3 Es
25. Cyanowatch unit start up has now been completed CAUTION After start up wait a minimum of 15 minutes before calibrating the unit to allow the unit to come to equilibrium REV 1 3 Figure 2 Cyanowatch Front View External 1 2 PVC CLEAN OUT CAP SAMPLE OUT tl _ 1 4 FEMALE NPT __ DESICCANT PLUG en LCD LUER LOCK m KEYPAD 7 TWO WAY VALVE cyanowatch UPPER ENCLOSURE L SAMPLE INLET 1 4 MALE NPT WARNING o Mam 14 82 LOWER ENCLOSURE TERMINAL STRIP m M 1 REAR MOUNTING m PATTERN ON BOX POWER SWITCH CONDUIT PLUGS 9 cyanowatch REV 1 3 otep 1 D otep 2 CALIBRATION Calibration Procedure The Calibration Procedure will take approximately 5 minutes The cleaning procedure will take approximately 10 minutes Refer to Figure 2 on previous page for locations of items referred to in this procedure For further reference a diagram of the screens and a brief summary of the System Values can be found on page 27 Bubbles trapped in the syringe during injection of the blank or calibration standard are a possible cause of instrument error With the syringe in a vertical position tap the syringe against a solid object to move the bubbles to the needle end of the syringe Then force the bubbles out by pushing a small amount of solution through the needle end of the syr
26. FICATIONS AND ACCESSORIES Specifications Sensitivity Linear Range Light Source Excitation Optics Emission Optics Power Relays Signal output Dimensions Weight Enclosure Sample Flow Maximum Water Pressure Plumbing Inlet Outlet Pipe Size Environment Ambient Temperature Maximum sample temperature Relative Humidity 150 cells mL 0 50 000 cells mL Phycocyanin Yellow Phycoerythrin Green PC 638 nm PE 670 nm PC 740 nm PE 573 nm 90 250 VAC 200 250 VAC 50 60 Hz 5 amps 90 250 VAC 200 250 VAC 50 60 Hz 5 amps fused at 3 15 amps ea Type F One 4 20 mA isolated 8 W x 4 D x 15 H 20cm x 10cm x 38cm 5 lbs 2 3 kg Approximates NEMA 4X 100 psi w NPT Male Female 40 F to 120 F 4 C to 49 C 140 F 60 C 0 100 Table 5 System Default Values and Ranges SYSTEM VALUE ACCESS KEY DEFAULT VALUE Cal Soln Value 0 Background Value 1 15 00 0 000 to 998 000 High Signal Alarm Level 2 999 000 PPM 0 004 to 999 000 4 mA Output 20 mA Output 4 Master ID 5 0 000 0 to 998 000 100 00 0 002 to 999 000 8520 0 TO 9999 AC Cycle Time OFF 1 to 168 hours AC On Time OFF 1 to 1440 min 25 cyanowatch HEV 1 3 Accessories Included with Unit Flowcell brush Terminal strip tool Operating manual 2 spare clean out port caps Datalogger cable Datalogger disk opare desiccant plugs USB with operating manual S
27. IASAACYT ST OL 053 Hid E1134 HUCR SM Cibi TECH V v OL said CIRK 18 5 201 2 SL d E es anms cd 1 1 x e L SS L id AL SHS _ L z avid EE BL qIddiN LT TROT MRL seren F 2 5 T TTE OL NP A L 744957 wo W T st 118 E zt NS 3d d dst Tli SNINA O ASS RN E Lem 30v 38H1 541587 1d si IHS 8351044 134 1 ddd HORN Ci ALA TAYA E olg SEMIL 0309 IHE TP CHITI EL 33 34871 cue SSG 00592 Mg 39 3 Hn 29603 SHOU AISA A ARS Se REV 1 3 cyanowatch 3 Figure 4 Cyanowatch Outlet Plumbing 13395 MISTER 60866 2 1 vos d A33 S BR oven Soot Nm 1 Ww am MAN NIV H SNSISIA YINYNI LOVALNOD R SANIT SIdWVS ANY 000 AVSVal dO NOILVDO1 a3dO3ld JOJ SNOILO3NNOO 1VOIN VHO3W ANY 4NIOd 31dWVS 000 AVSVal dO NOILVOOT INIOd JIdWYVS 3111 SNOILO3S NOU V l3dO 335 3S V3 ld 1OINOD S3ON33H3393 8 3199 1920 250 1 1 14 35012 6800050 W L NOINN
28. S SF UE Y E 7 i 14 CDG Ourreul Dc OUTPUT L E FLOW SW IN T K F FLOW SW GND G J AC CONNECTIONS CONNECTIONS 1 AC POWER IN H A Reserved G Reserved 2 AC POWER IN N B Reserved H Reserved 3 AC POWER IN G GDS OUUTE l Reserved 4 AC OUTPUT 1 H D DC Ouput J Reserved 5 AC OUTPUT 1 lt N gt E Flow Sw In Reserved 6 AC OUTPUT F Flow Sw GND L Reserved 7 AC OUTPUT 2 lt gt 8 AC OUTPUT 2 lt N gt 9 AC OUTPUT 2 lt G gt Dimensions are in inches 39 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Figure 6 Cyanowatch Front View External 12 7 CLEAN OUT CAP SAMPLE OUT a 1 4 FEMALE NPT DESICCANT PLUG LCD 777 LUER LOCK KEYPAD TWO WAY VALVE cyanoeweatcl UPPER ENCLOSURE 7 SAMPLE INLET 1 4 MALE Nnm 14 82 LOWER ENCLOSURE AX 20 TERMINAL STRIP TIE T ns E TH REAR MOUNTING 27 PATTERN ON BOX POWER SWITCH CONDUIT PLUGS 40 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Definitions 1 2 10 11 41 LCD Digital Display This liquid crystal display LCD shows the screens and continuously displays the HOME screen when values are not being entered or viewed Except during calibration the contrast of the LCD can be adjusted on any screen by pressing the UP or DOWN ARROW Keypad The keypad is used to enter new unit values and to move between screens Once the User or Master Identification ha
29. TH Fluorescence Units WO W C OI 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 Cells per mL Figure 8 Sensitivity and linearity of M aeruginosa using the SCUFA fluorometer with phycocyanin Optics 50 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Chlorella sp Fluorescence Units 9 Y Y o 9 Cell Counts Figure 9 Chlorella sp a green alga containing no phycobilin pigments sensitivity of the SCUFA fluorometer with phycocyanin optics The graph indicates that algal groups not containing phycocyanin do not interfere with the fluorescence readings Humic Acid in Filtered Lake Water Scufa Florescence reading O 0 2 5 10 15 20 Humic Concentration mg L Figure 10 Graph of simulation of natural lake water versus humic interference in optical detection of the SCUFA fluorometer with phycocyanin optics Even at high humic concentrations there was not a significant fluorescence signal indicating that the optics are not susceptible to humic interference Phycoerythrin C7 SNXX 3500 3000 ES 2500 B Phycoerythrin v m R Phycoerythrin 1500 Linear R Phycoerythrin Linear B Phycoerythrin 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 pigment concentration ug L RFU mV X10 gain 1000 Figure 11 A combination of the various phycoerythrin pigments would be present in natural systems and di
30. TURNER DESIGNS cyanowatchr niine Fluorometer Operation Manual November 4 2014 P N 998 6060 Hevision 1 3 TURNER DESIGNS 845 W Maude Avenue Sunnyvale CA 94085 Phone 408 749 0994 FAX 408 749 0998 To ensure proper system operation Turner Designs strongly recommends reading this manual in full After reading the entire manual please review the following Prior to installation completely review the Pre installation Installation Checklist located in Appendix B CAUTION The CyanoWatch should only be used with PVC plumbing kit P N 6500 955 as supplied START UP Prior to start up completely review the Start Up Section located on page 5 Prior to calibrating the Cyanowatch completely review the Calibration Procedure located on page 10 Prior to calling Turner Designs for assistance completely review the Troubleshooting Guide located on page 22 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 THEORY OF OPERATION 1 Data Interpretation 2 SPECIFICATIONS 3 _ Pre Installation Installation 3 Power amp Utilities Required 3 Required Tools amp Accessories Location amp Sampling Point 3 Mechanical Connections 4 Electrical Connections 4 START UP
31. and whether data logger and alarms are active Cal Soln value Helates the value of the tracer standard to a fluorescence measurement Background Value Background XX X fluorescence for system he fl High Sig Alarm Set the fluorescence XXX XXX value that once exceeded will setthe Diagnostic Screens High Signal Alarm access unit s diagnostic screens from HOME press 3 4mA output Output can be set to correspond to a certain fluorescence signal TURNER DESIGNS 6600XBL 1 0 0302 20mA output XXX XXX Raw XXX XX eM FS View alarms triggered 5 NF since last reset 1 Test RlyA ON 2 Test RlyB OFF If alarm is triggered N F shows which alarm s ESC Oper XXX Hrs Lamp ON Flow ON 1 4mA XXX 2 20mA XXXX Blank XX X Cal std XXX X 32 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Screens Flow Chart Con t From the HOME screen press lt gt or lt gt to access the following functions For example to change the clock settings or alarm functions first press lt gt then the number of the function to be changed Key the new value and press ENT then lt ESC gt to return to the clock menu Time Date amp Alarm Screens Datalogger Screens lt gt 02 21 99 Datalogger lt gt 07 58 30AM 0 3 Hour 0 Status Stop New lt ENT gt to toggle 1 Interval 1min 1 AM PM PM ENT ENT to toggle 5 Download data Min 0 5x lt 8 gt to
32. cape and Enter You can escape to the previous screen or abort the calibration sequence by pressing the lt ESC gt key While viewing a System Value press ENT to access the screen to change that value 3 30 After entering a new System Value press ENT to accept the new value User Identification To change System Values or to calibrate the instrument a four digit USER ID is required For security a MASTER ID different from the USER ID is required to view or change the USER ID cyanowatch REV 1 3 31 Once an ID has been entered if the keypad is not used for 15 minutes the unit will automatically return to the HOME screen The ID will have to be entered again before the unit values can be changed or calibration can be performed Fluorescence Display After the unit is powered up or after calibration the fluorescence displayed will not react immediately but will respond after a delay of about 10 seconds LCD Contrast he contrast of the Liquid Crystal Display can be adjusted on screen except during calibration by pressing the UP and DOWN ARROWS cyanowatch REV 1 3 APPENDIX D Screens Flow Chart oystems Values From the HOME screen press key to view value To change value press lt ENT gt while viewing input ID enter new value and press ENT again Press HOME Screen XXX Home Screen shows To view or change User ID HOME Cyanowatch fluorescence signal Master ID is required
33. e Appendix A Figure 11 Excellent signal noise and linearity values were achieved Field testing of the phycoerythrin systems is underway and results will be posted to the Turner Designs website as soon as possible Applications Cyanobacteria has been found to be a numerically abundant faction of the phytoplankton community Their roles in primary production community structure and spatial and temporal distribution are of interest for numerous scientific studies as well as natural water monitoring Since chlorophyll fluorescence cannot be used to accurately determine cyanobacterial presence analyzing phycobilin concentrations is essential for detecting quantifying and monitoring cyanobacterial levels Early Warning of Harmful Algal Blooms Improve The Quality Of Water Supplied Taste amp Odor Reservoir Management Increase Filter Run Time Reduce Algaecide Required and Optimize Algaecide Application Early Warning of Harmful Algal Blooms Interest in cyanobacteria occurrence and toxin production has been growing rapidly in recent years Consumer awareness and concern is growing too Utilities must have reliable data on cyanobacteria and possible toxins from their source water supplies to address these concerns Taking precautionary measures to avoid potential health risks by cyanotoxins from a Harmful Algal Bloom is a responsibility of all agencies or organizations with the mandate to monitor and protect water resources or recreational
34. e below the flowcell is horizontal It is recommended that the inlet valve be closed and the 3 way outlet valve also be closed the outlet valve is then open to the atmosphere see Figures 4 and 5 pages 37 38 3 CAUTION After injecting acid solution into the flowcell via the luer lock port be sure to flush it out completely BEFORE removing the clean out cap 4 Remove the clean out cap and open the clean out valve horizontal position Dip the flowcell brush into the dilute acid solution and insert it gently into the clean out opening 16 cyanowatch REV 1 3 5 Slide it gently up and down in the opening to remove any coating on the glass cuvette 6 Close the clean out valve vertical position and replace the flowcell clean out cap 7 Turn on the flow Flow is ON when the valve handle is vertical 8 Turn ON the Main Power Switch 9 Calibrate the unit after allowing it to warm up for 15 minutes refer to Calibration Procedure page 10 Biofouling Sample water containing bacterial and algal cells will be in contact with the glass flowcell of the Cyanowatch System Because of this a biofilm will gradually begin to grow on the flowcell and at some point the film will become thick enough to interfere with the fluorescent readings The rate of fouling will change from site to site The Cyanowatch has an optical compensation system that will correct for fouling to a certain point Beyond this it is the user s r
35. e using the AC Relays Make sure the device itself is powered on and operational Replace fuse with spare fuse located in the spare fuse holder on the PCB 23 cyanowatch REV 1 3 SYMPTOM POSSIBLE CAUSE SOLUTION Background value ineffective This is not usually cause Do not attempt to change current i e HOME screen reading for alarm as the HOME settings unless you are certain does not change when the screen reading is a result something is wrong Consult with Background value is of a combination of the Turner Designs Technical changed factors Services Unit does not respond to System Values Check that the correct calibration solutions incorrectly entered Background Test Value and Cal ooln Value have been entered see Appendix A SERVICE ASSISTANCE RETURNED GOODS Turner Designs experienced technical staff is available to assist you in troubleshooting the Cyanowatch unit However should you need to return anything for the unit a Returned Materials Authorization RMA must be obtained from Turner Designs Please call prior to returning any equipment The use of an RMA minimizes the potential for administrative delays and facilitates prompt turn around Turner Designs Technical Support Telephone 877 316 8049 Outside U S 408 749 0994 FAX 408 749 0998 E mail support turnerdesigns com Hours 8 30 a m 5 00 p m Pacific Time 24 cyanowatch REV 1 3 SPECI
36. ect water quality and diminish the water s recreational utility Also of concern are high cell concentrations causing an increase in filter run times in drinking water plants Thus monitoring the cyanobacteria population and distribution in lakes reservoirs and coastal areas is extremely important for resource protection public health and safety and overall economics Turner Designs has produced a line of solid state fluorescence instruments that can be used to detect the in vivo fluorescence IVF of cyanobacterial pigments in natural waters This technology represents a new practical and robust tool for researchers and water resource managers to improve monitoring systems and improve water quality in order to prevent the occurrence of potentially hazardous conditions Fluorescent Pigments Turner Designs fluorescence instrumentation has set the standard for the monitoring of chlorophyll a the primary photosynthetic pigment levels in water Chlorophyll a detection supplies data on the total algal biomass all photosynthetic organisms contain the chlorophyll a pigment However different types of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria have unique sets of accessory pigments that serve a variety of roles for the organism These accessory pigments are often unique to a class of algae or cyanobacteria and can be used to identify a specific group Cyanobacteria contain accessory pigments from the phycobiliprotein family The primary phycobilin pigments are
37. ery rapidly The Cyanowatch is designed to be easily interfaced into external logging or data collection software packages It has an analog 4 20mA signal that can deliver real time fluorescence data to an external logging system The system also has a 20 000 point internal data logger with user selectable data logging intervals Logged data can be downloaded to a PC using the RS 232 data output port see Internal Data Logger section pg 13 2 cyanowatch Data Interpretation Upon installation of the Cyanowatch the fluorescence data should be compared to data from other systems that are affected or used to monitor cyanobacteria For example taste and odor problems may be correlated with increased levels of cyanobacteria Once this relationship has been determined you can set alarms on the Cyanowatch see Alarms pg 18 or through the external logging system to notify you when this level is reached With this information you will be able to take actions to avoid taste and odor problems Other examples of data that can be used to compare against the Cyanowatch data include cell counts turbidity or extracted chlorophyll data Once relationships between cyanobacteria fluorescence and other measures of interest have been established the fluorescence data can be used to assist in decision making Examples of how the fluorescence data can be used include 1 Determining when to treat water for high concentrations of cyanobac
38. esponsibility to clean the flowcell on a regular basis to prevent corruption of the data There are several ways in which the rate of biofouling can be slowed 1 Flow rate As the flow rate in the flowcell increases the rate to which biofouling organisms and attach and grow on the flowcell walls will decrease The minimum flow rate required is 0 5 gpm Flow rates in the range of 2 5 gpm could significantly decrease flowcell fouling rates 2 Flowcell cleaning The Cyanowatch has been designed to allow quick and easy cleaning of the flowcell A regular schedule should be established in order to prevent the establishment of biofouling organisms on the flowcell Heplacement Parts 6500 900 6000 970 6000 350 6000 119 6000 910 120 0110 119 0103 17 cyanowatch Cyanobacteria Cal Kit Desiccant Plugs Pkg 3 Flowcell Brush Pkg 3 Data Cable Syringes Pkg 10 Flow Switch Basket Strainer REV 1 3 ALARMS Alarms have been built into the unit to warn about conditions relating to high algal levels and internal instrument functions There are two types of alarms for Cyanowatch System function alarms Fluorometer lamp and No Flow F A and N F alarms See Table 2 High Signal alarms See Table 3 page 19 Refer to Table 5 page 25 for default values Alarm Delay To avoid unnecessary triggering of alarms the condition must be in effect for a certain delay period See Tables 2 and Alarm Act
39. factors including the amount of light the cell was exposed to prior to the measurement and variation amongst different species physiological states and environmental conditions For the most accurate data IVF data is correlated to quantitative data that can be collected by taking occasional samples to be analyzed for pigment concentration by a technique that is not affected by the conditions of the live sample Unlike the chlorophylls that have relatively easy and well established extraction methods Arar E J and Collins G B 1992 Strickland J D H and Parsons T H 1968 Wright S W et al 1991 phycocyanin and phycoerythrin are water soluble pigments which makes extractive methods more challenging The most common quantitative detection method is high performance liquid chromatography HPLC Wright S W et al 1991 Other methods for quantitation include cell counting and identification and detection of specific cyanobacterial toxins For detailed information on IVF methods please visit the Turner Designs website for information and reference lists http www turnerdesigns com Despite these factors IVF is an excellent monitoring tool for researchers and technicians as it permits biomass data to be recorded continuously in the field or on line It not only replaces the equivalent of thousands of individual measurements but it permits more accurate mapping For example phytoplankton typically form thin layers or patches in
40. filter run times need not always involve treatment with algaecide As discussed in the next section a thorough knowledge of the system may permit a much less expensive alternative Reduce Algaecide Required and Optimize Algaecide Application The in vivo fluorescence method was used to monitor four Connecticut reservoirs weekly during the summer and fall Rich P H 1984 and proved valuable in identifying up to three weeks in advance the onset of growth conditions that would eventually require algaecide treatment In one instance treatment was avoided altogether simply by changing the depth of the intake This required the knowledge that the algae was layered and that the intake was at the level of 46 cyanowatch REV 1 3 the layer Since only small changes are required even systems that are not designed for it can easily be rigged with siphons to vary intake depth In vivo fluorescence provides a means of monitoring the effectiveness of algaecide treatment Given a stable stratified condition experiments can be run in a remote section of the reservoir to determine the optimum quantity and means of application This can markedly reduce the annual cost of algaecide Failure to recognize that the algae is layered deep below the surface may result in the use of insufficient algaecide at the surface A killing concentration does not reach the layer and the treatment is wasted However if it is known that the algae is concentrated in a thin la
41. from the screen Press 6 Status of AC Relays A amp B Press HOME Setting the Real Time Clock D D For future reference record all set up values in Appendix A Before changing the date or time be sure to download any data from the data logger cyanowatch From the HOME screen press lt gt to access the date time and AC relay alarm values 0 Hour For the datalogger to reference the correct time the hour of day must be entered Only 1 12 numerical values will be accepted Press lt gt from HOME Press 0 Key in the hour of day 1 12 Press ENT Press lt ESC gt to return to clock menu lt 1 gt AM PM For the datalogger to reference the correct time morning or evening AM PM must be entered Use lt ENT gt to toggle between AM PM Press lt gt from HOME Press 1 Press lt ENT gt to toggle between AM PM Press ESC to return to clock menu 2 Minutes For the datalogger to reference the correct time the number of minutes after the hour must be entered Press lt gt from HOME Press lt 2 gt Key in the minutes after the hour 0 59 Press lt ENT gt Press lt ESC gt to return to clock menu lt 3 gt Month For the datalogger to reference the correct date the month of the year must be entered Press lt gt from HOME Press 3 Key in the month 1 12 Press ENT Press lt ESC gt to return to clock menu 4 Date For the datalogger
42. ggested by the Technical Support Department 3 If proper performance is not obtained you will be issued a Return Materials Authorization number RMA to reference Package the unit write the RMA number on the outside of the shipping carton and ship the instrument prepaid to Turner Designs If the failure is covered under the warranty terms the instrument will be repaired and returned free of charge for all customers in the contiguous continental United States 26 cyanowatch REV 1 3 For customers outside of the contiguous continental United States who purchased equipment from one of our authorized distributors contact the distributor If you purchased directly contact us We will repair the instrument at no charge Customer pays for shipping duties and documentation to Turner Designs Turner Designs pays for return shipment custom duties taxes and fees are the responsibility of the customer Out of Warranty Service Follow steps for Warranty Service as listed above If our Technical Support department can assist you by phone or correspondence we will be glad to at no charge Repair service will be billed on a fixed price basis plus any applicable duties and or taxes Shipment to Turner Designs should be prepaid Your bill will include return shipment freight charges Address for Shipment Turner Designs Inc 845 W Maude Ave Sunnyvale CA 94085 27 cyanowatch REV 1 3 APPENDIX CONFIGURATION RECORD Date Configured Tec
43. hnician Serial Number System Value Range Background Value 0 0 to 100 0 96 Cal Solution Value 0 000 to 998 000 High Signal Alarm Setpoint 0 004 to 999 000 4mA Output 0 000 to 998 000 20mA Output 0 002 to 999 000 AC Cycle Time 10min 96hours AC On Time 1 to 10096 of AC Cycle Time User ID 4 digit 28 cyanowatch Configuration REV 1 3 APPENDIX B Pre Installation Installation Checklist The following checklist is provided so the appropriate preparations may be made prior to equipment start up Completion of the listed items is mandatory to assure proper installation and a properly functioning piece of equipment 1 Check sample water background fluorescence Background lab test code 2 Check that the turbidity is less than 150 NTU 3 Assure water temperatures of 32 140 F INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS CUSTOMER 1 Locate the unit within 125 feet from the sample point 2 Locate the unit out of direct sunlight 3 Locate the unit where ambient temperatures are 40 120 F 4 49 C 4 Locate the unit at least 10 feet 3 meters from devices such as large generators which require a great deal of electrical power or generate a strong electromagnetic field CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS PLUMBER 1 The sample stream must be plumbed to the unit to deliver at a rate gt 0 5 gpm between 0 5 and 1 25 gpm is optimal and 100 psi One Yo inch and one 4 inch NPT pipe connections both female are provided for PVC pipe hook up
44. igits If the screen is blank try adjusting the screen contrast using the UP and DOWN ARROWS SAMPLE HOME SCREEN Cyanowatch During start up all system values should be recorded in the configuration record located in Appendix A Entering System Values amp Definitions From the HOME screen press 0 to enter change the first System Value Calibration Solution Value 5 cyanowatch D For future reference a diagram of the screens is located on page 31 0 Cal Soln Value Calibration Solution Value This value relates the value of the calibration standard to a fluorescence measurement The default value of 15 from Table 1 on page 12 is recommended unless you are establishing a correlation to a known concentration as described in Appendix G Before entering changing the first System Value the unit will prompt for the User and the screen will read Please input ID Enter a valid USER ID default is 8520 Press ENT Key in the Calibration Solution Value Press ENT Press HOME From the HOME screen press 1 to enter change the second System Value Background Value 1 Background Value This value is the background fluorescence 96 for the sample Background fluorescence can be caused by materials in the sample water that have a similar fluorescence signature to phycocyanin or phycoerythrin Examples of interfering compounds include dissolved organic matter accesso
45. ing to stabilize The CAL SOLUTION should be 1 10 When the CAL SOLUTION is stable and between 1 and 10 press lt gt The unit will display a WAIT wait message in the lower right hand corner of the screen while it registers the calibration solution Then the screen will display 11 cyanowatch To continue Press ENT otep 10 Remove the syringe and press ENT Press 1 to End Calibration Press 1 to accept the calibration settings The calibration is now complete YOU MUST press 1 or the calibration will revert to the previous settings Step 11 Open the flowcell shut off valve The valve is open when the handle is vertical Calibration is finished Step 12 Press HOME to return to the HOME Screen and normal operations Notes on Calibrating 1 Calibrate the unit when you have time to go through all the steps without interruption approximately 10 minutes If the keypad is not used for 15 minutes the unit will automatically return to the HOME screen The previous calibration will be maintained 2 The AC Relay activation schedule is not altered during calibration A request to begin calibration when an alarm is activated will be denied unless the alarm is for High Signal Alarm S H 4 The following alarms will not be monitored during calibration High Signal Alarm S H No Sample Flow Alarm N F 5 If an internal unit function alarm F A
46. inge Close the two way valve flowcell shut off valve The valve is closed when the handle is horizontal Blank and Dilute Acid Solutions Both the Blank and Acid Solutions are not included with the Cyanowatch System Deinoized water should be used as the Blank 1096 Sulfuric Acid recommended or 1 1 HCI is acceptable if the flowcell is well rinsed Calibration Solution Confirm that the correct Calibration oolution is entered before beginning the Calibration Procedure by pressing 0 from the HOME screen See Start Up Procedure for details pg 5 Clean the unit by injecting the dilute acid solution with a syringe into the flowcell See Notes on Calibration for details page 12 The syringe screws onto the Luer Lock fitting on the inlet of the flowcell see Figure 2 page 9 After filling the syringe with 60 ml of dilute acid screw the syringe onto the fitting inject the dilute acid at a slow steady 10 cyanowatch rate into the flowcell and allow it to stand for 3 to 5 minutes Next using a clean 60 ml syringe flush the flowcell thoroughly with 60 ml of blank solution oyringes are provided in the Accessory and Calibration Kits To purchase additional syringes see Replacement Parts page 17 Step 3 Press ENT from the HOME screen 1 Calib 2 Data Cal Days Ago Step 4 Press 1 the unit will request ID entry unless recently entered Please input ID If requested enter valid USER ID
47. install Power 100 130 VAC 200 250VAC within 10 feet 3 meters of devices such as 90 60 Hz 5 amps large generators that generate a strong Signal Output One 4 20 mA signal electromagnetic field isolated Water Sample Supplied to unit at 0 5 It is extremely important to eliminate air gpm minimum and less than 100 psi entrapment in the sample line The best Drain The Cyanowatch sample outlet way to accomplish this is to sample from should be piped to drain with no back the center of the pipe or from the side of pressure i e drain pipes must be below the pipe the unit In installations where this is not feasible contact Turner Designs Technical Support for further assistance Required Tools and Accessories Standard plumbing and electrical tools are required for the installation The unit should not be installed in direct sunlight this could cause the internal temperature of the unit to be significantly higher than ambient and produce errors or damage the components Note The maximum environment A terminal strip screwdriver is provided for temperature is specified at 1209 F 49 C making terminal strip connections CAUTION The CyanoWatch should D Do not mount this instrument on only be used with PVC plumbing kit vibrating walls or surfaces Damage P N 6500 955 as supplied can occur to critical components 3 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Mechanical Connections Refer to Figure 6 Appendix F for the location of the required mechanical
48. ivation When an alarm is triggered ALM will blink in the upper left hand corner of the HOME screen From any other screen when the alarm is first activated the unit will return to the HOME screen display the ALM message in the upper left hand corner Pressing the lt ESC gt key will display the current alarm Take the appropriate action to clear the condition see Troubleshooting page 20 When the condition triggering the alarm is cured ALM will disappear from the HOME screen Alarms cannot be aborted without curing the problem Multiple Alarms If multiple alarms are triggered alarms will be listed on the alarm screen when lt ESC gt is pressed from the HOME screen Note Alarms are not listed in the order they occur For example the alarm screen might display N F F A 18 cyanowatch Alarm History The alarm history can be viewed by pressing lt gt LEFT ARROW from the HOME screen This shows which alarms have been activated since the alarm history screen was last cleared To clear this screen press lt gt five times while the alarm history screen is displayed No alarm since last reset will be displayed Notes About Alarms 1 alarms are monitored when the unit is turned OFF 2 Certain alarms are not monitored during calibration see Notes on Calibrating page 1 1 3 When the unit is first powered up the HIGH SIGNAL alarm will begin to be monitored 5 minutes after start u
49. luorescence values Typically the 4 mA output is set at O The unit will reject as INVALID INPUT the new 4 mA value if it is not lower than the 20 mA output value Press 3 Press ENT Key in the 4 mA output Press ENT Press HOME From the HOME screen press 4 to enter change the fifth System Value 20 mA Output From the HOME screen press 2 to enter change the third System Value High Signal Alarm Level lt 4 gt 20 mA Output The 4 20 mA output can be connected by a signal wire to a data lt 2 gt High Signal Alarm Level If the fluorescence level rises above this level and remains there for a 5 minute delay period a high signal alarm will be triggered The alarm triggers the 5V DC signal output which can be used to control external devices such as a light siren or external control device Please also see the section on Alarms page 18 Press lt 2 gt Press lt ENT gt Key in the High Signal Alarm Level Press lt ENT gt Press lt HOME gt Initially you will most likely want to leave the High Signal Alarm disabled until you become familiar with the typical fluctuations in cyanobacteria levels Once this is established you will now recognize abnormally high signal levels and then be able to set the alarm appropriately 6 cyanowatch logger or other device to collect and store remotely from the unit Outputs can be set to correspond to a certain range of fluorescence values The
50. lution Check the Configuration Record Access the System Values and verify they are entered correctly HOME screen displays minus sign negative readings i e sample is reading less concentrated than blank as set during last calibration 1 Fouled flowcell 2 Calibrated with contaminated blanking solution or the calibration solution was used instead of the blank solution Thoroughly clean and rinse flowcell with recommended solution using the brush if necessary See Cleaning the Flowcell page 16 Hecalibrate HOME screen reads zero System Values incorrectly set Make sure valid System Values entered see Appendix A Screen blank or black L CD s screen contrast too high or too low If screen is blank adjust contrast by pressing UP ARROW if screen is black use the DOWN ARROW continuously until screen is visible Use UP and DOWN arrows to fine adjust Unit does not calibrate Failure to complete entire calibration procedure You must press 1 at the end of the calibration sequence for the unit to accept the values Recalibrate AC Out is not operating properly 1 Problem with terminal strip Connections or device itself 2 Fuse has blown If there is an alarm check the High Signal Alarm for 0 5V signal problems Refer to Diagnostics page 20 AC Out test function to test if the unit is properly controlling the devic
51. lutions of both were tested using the CYCLOPS 7 o1 cyanowatch REV 1 3 References Arar E J and Collins METHOD 445 0 IN VITRO DETERMINATION OF CHLOROPHYLL a and PHEOPHYTIN a IN MARINE AND FRESHWATER PHYTOPLANKTON BY FLUORESCENCE Methods for the Determination of Chemical Substances in Marine and Estuarine Environmental Samples Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory Office of Research and Development U S E P A Cincinnati Ohio EPA 600 R 92 121 Nov 1992 Jeffrey S W Mantoura R F C and Wright S W 1997 Phytoplankton pigments in oceanography Guidelines to modern methods UNESCO Publishing Paris 661 pp Lorenzen C J 1966 A METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF IN VIVO CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATION Deep Sea Research 13 223 227 Rich P H 1984 THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHLOROPHYLL MONITORING PROGRAM FOR WATER SUPPLY RESERVOIRS USING IN VIVO FLUORIMETRY Institute of Water Resources The University of Connecticut Prepared for the United otates Department of the Interior Research Project Technical Completion Report G832 05 Strickland J D H and Parsons 1968 A practical handbook of seawater analysis Fish Res Board Can Bull 167 311 p Wright S W Jeffrey S W Mantoura F C Llewellyn C A BjOrnland T Repeta D and Welschmeyer N 1991 Improved HPLC method for the analysis of chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton Mar Ecol Prog Ser 77 183
52. ndrospermopsis l Microcystis A Anabaena lt Chlorella Fluorescence Units 0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 Cell Count mL Figure 4 shows data collected from the Beta testing of a CyanoWatch on line phycocyanin instrument Three cultures of phycocyanin containing cyanobacteria were tested and one species of green algae as a control The data indicates that the instrument detected all three cyanobacteria cultures at low concentrations while the green alga was not detected Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii C R 0 97 gt O O NO Fluorescence Units O o 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 Cell counts Figure 5 Sensitivity and linearity of C raciborskii using the SCUFA fluorometer with phycocyanin optics 49 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii R 0 90 2 c D c o x LL 0 2000 4000 6000 Cells per mL Figure 6 Sensitivity and linearity of C raciborskii at low cell concentrations using the SCUFA fluorometer with phycocyanin optics Anabaena flos aquae 50 2 R 0 96 E 40 o 30 c 20 9 10 LL 0 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 Cells per mL Figure 7 Sensitivity and linearity of A flos aquae using the SCUFA fluorometer with phycocyanin optics Microcycystis aeruginosa 12 15 03 8 0 99
53. oee Diagnostic Screen flowchart pg 31 If the Lamp displays OFF and there is power to the unit contact the Turner Designs Technical Support High Signal S H If the fluorescence signal rises above the user set level see Table 5 page 24 and remains there for the 2 minute delay period a 5 alarm will be noted If there is a S H alarm check if the High Signal Alarm Level is set too low Verify that calibration has been performed properly 19 cyanowatch REV 1 3 TROUBLESHOOTING Introduction Because the Cyanowatch system includes hardware software and chemistry it is important to collect all the diagnostic data first To facilitate data collection each Cyanowatch unit is shipped with the Troubleshooting Worksheet E After collecting the data requested by the worksheet most problems can be solved over the phone with the assistance of Turner Designs Technical Services See Service Assistance Returned Goods page 24 for contact information When using this guide it is assumed that all problems associated with an alarm have been resolved first Something as simple as a clogged basket strainer can lead to other alarm messages which could all be solved at one time simply by cleaning basket strainer Generally speaking if there is no System Function Alarm F A alarm this is persuasive evidence that the electronics of the instrument are functioning properly In that case it is likely that any
54. on the effectiveness and accuracy of our sensors for the applications described above Please do not hesitate to contact us or visit our website for the most recent field data and user information for all of our cyanobacteria sensors Also if you have any questions or comments regarding this paper or any Turner Designs product or document please do not hesitate to contact us Website www turnerdesigns com oales Support E sales turnerdesiqns com P Within the US 1 877 316 8049 ext 117 Outside the US 1 408 749 0994 F 1 408 749 0998 Technical Support E support turnerdesigns com P Within the US 1 877 316 8049 ext 116 Outside the US 1 408 749 0994 F 1 408 749 0998 47 cyanowatch REV 1 3 APPENDIX Figures amp Graphs Chl a Chl a Excitation Emission Filter Algae Sample Filter Photodiode Me 1 0 Oh SE Readout 400 nm Figure 1 Fluorometer configuration for detection of chlorophyll a PC PC Excitation S Emission gae Sample 590nm Filter Filter LED Photodiode di E To 7 S Figure 2 Fluorometer configuration for detection of phycocyanin PE PE Excitation Emission 525nm Filter Filter LED Photodiode To Readout Figure 3 Fluorometer configuration for detection of phycoerythrin 48 cyanowatch REV 1 3 CyanoWatch performance for three blue green algae genera and a green alga low concentration region Cyli
55. ons showing the terminal strip location and configuration of the required electrical connections for the power pump flow switch and 4 20 mA connections To access the terminal strip TURN OFF MAIN POWER TO THE INSTRUMENT AT CIRCUIT BREAKER then remove the lower enclosure face 4 screws There are two terminal strips within the instrument 1 9 are for AC connections and A L are for input output connections 4 cyanowatch NOT be run in the same conduit Failure to separate or shield these wires Will result in electrical interference REV 1 3 START UP Before start up the following items should be procured Calibration Solution P N 6500 900 ordered shipped separately from unit Distilled Water Dilute Acid not included Plumbing Kit P N 6500 955 ordered shipped separately from unit Items listed above as ordered sent separately do not automatically ship with an order Start Up Procedure Bring the sample flow to the unit Check for leaks in the plumbing Switch the Main Power Switch under the enclosure face see Figure 2 page 9 to the ON position The LCD will illuminate When the power is first turned on an ID screen will appear for a few seconds showing the firmware version and date After 10 seconds or press ENT or lt for immediate access the HOME screen will appear The HOME screen will display the uncalibrated phycocyanin or phycoerythrin fluorescence value 3 d
56. owatch is equipped with an internal data logger to record the unit s output Data is saved in a compressed binary BIN format to be downloaded and converted to ASCII data with the Internal Data Logger IDL software Data Logger Parameters The unit s data logger is accessed from the HOME screen by pressing the data disk symbol on the keypad From the data logger menu you can turn the data logger on off set the interval and download and erase data The clock is important to the data logging functions Once the date and time are set and data has been logged download the current data before changing the date or time or you may corrupt or erase your data From the HOME screen press Gl to see the data logger menu Before entering changing the data logger the unit will prompt for the User Default 8520 and the screen will read Please input ID After entering the User ID the screen will read Datalogger 0 3 To log data or stop logging data press 0 otatus Stop lt ENT gt to toggle Press lt ENT gt to toggle from Stop to Logging Press lt ESC gt to return to the main Datalogger screen 3 Toset the data logging interval press 1 Press lt ENT gt to toggle from 1 2 3 5 10 20 or 30 minutes or 1 second Interval 1 min lt ENT gt to toggle 13 cyanowatch Download current data before changing the data logging interval or you may corrupt your da
57. p Thus a problem or spike during start up will not mistrigger the HIGH SIGNAL ALARM 4 All alarms will be reset automatically if the alarm condition is corrected 5 During an alarm condition the 4 20 mA will still send out the fluorescence signal Table 2 System Function Alarms end Alarm aee F A Flow N F Table 3 High Signal Alarms Alarm Delay Range min High Signal 0 2 999 5 REV 1 3 oystem Function Alarm Definitions a Lamp F A Indicates the status of the excitation light source Reports whether the lamp is OFF or ON If the power is ON and the lamp is good the diagnostic screen will display Lamp ON b No Sample Flow N F If there is a problem with the sample flow lasting for the 10 minute delay period alarm will be noted The flow switch used is rated at 0 5 minimum flow tolerance is 0 4 0 6 gpm If there is a N F alarm check terminal connections to the flow switch Check the sample feed lines and the unit s flowcell for any restriction Electrical connections should be performed only by trained personnel To determine which alarm is currently active press lt ESC gt from the HOME screen and the alarm status screen will appear F A You may also view the lamp and flow status in real time by accessing the diagnostic screens The diagnostic screens are accessed by pressing lt gt from the HOME screen and then ENT
58. phycocyanin PC and phycoerythrin PE that happen to have strong fluorescent signatures that do not interfere with the fluorescence of the chlorophylls See Appendix A Figures 1 3 This allows for the in vivo detection of cyanobacteria without interference from other groups of algae PC is the predominant phycobilin in freshwater environments while PE is the predominant pigment in marine environments When purchasing an instrument a decision must be made as to which phycobilin pigment the instrument will be configured for 42 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Methods of Cyanobacteria Detection In Vivo Fluorescence A simple technique for locating and measuring algae has been in use by oceanographers and limnologists for over 30 years Lorenzen C J 1966 It is called in vivo fluorometry IVF and is based on the direct measurement of the fluorescence of the chlorophyll in the living algal cells The same methodology is used to detect the phycobilin pigments of cyanobacteria in water The benefits of IVF include ease speed and the ability to collect large quantities of data There is no special sample handling or processing required making IVF ideal for profiling moored and on line instrument systems for real time data collection IVF is the easiest method for collecting large quantities of data but there are variables associated with IVF that result in errors and interference The fluorescence for a given cell concentration is affected by a number of
59. problem is either mechanical or has resulted from another system problem or it or it may be an operational error The troubleshooting procedure works best in this sequence 1 Handle any alarms see Alarms page 17 2 Determine whether or not the System Values have been entered correctly see recorded values in Appendix A and the oystem Default Values in Table 5 page 24 3 Perform the Diagnostics procedure as described on the following page 4 Determine whether or not the chemistry is behaving as expected Does the blank read close to zero on the HOME screen and calibration solution read between 1 596 on the calibration screen Check the Cal data screen see Calibration Data Screen page 11 to determine whether the last calibration seems correct 5 Complete the Troubleshooting Worksheet Appendix E 6 Contact the Turner Designs Technical Support see Service Assistance Returned Goods page 24 Diagnostics Cyanowatch contains diagnostic screens and functions to aid in troubleshooting These functions are accessed from the HOME screen by pressing lt gt then ENT to page through the series of 4 screens Press the LEFT ARROW to return to a previous screen or lt ESC gt or HOME to return to the HOME screen 1 From the HOME screen press lt gt TURNER DESIGNS 6600XBL 1 0 0302 This screen displays the version number and release date of the firmware installed in the instrument 2 From
60. ry algal pigments and degraded chlorophyll pheophytin High concentrations of interfering compounds can result in a slight increase to the fluorescence signal A means of compensating for this background fluorescence is to estimate the contribution of the interfering compounds to the fluorescent signal and enter the level of interference as the background value The system will then automatically subtract the entered background level 96 from the fluorescent reading The degree of REV 1 3 background fluorescence varies from site o site The Unit must be calibrated prior to setting the Background Value To determine the appropriate background value 96 filter a sample of water through a GF F or membrane filter to remove all cyanobacterial cells Next inject the filtrate into the Cyanowatch using the syringe provided Assuming that the default calibration is active secondary standard set to 500 take the fluorescence value of the filtrate and plug into the following formula Filtrate fluorescence X 5 2 Background Fluorescence Press 1 Press ENT Key in the Background Value 96 Press ENT Press lt HOME gt From the HOME screen press 3 to enter change the fourth System Value 4 mA Output 4 mA Output The 4 20 mA output can be connected by a signal wire to a data logger or other device to collect and store remotely from the unit Outputs can be set to correspond to a certain range of f
61. s been entered if the keypad is not used for 15 minutes the unit will automatically return to the HOME screen Main Power Switch This is the main power switch for the entire unit When ON the LCD will illuminate AC Power Circuit Breakers There are two 3 15 amp circuit fuses located inside the lower enclosure Two spare fuses are provided within the instrument enclosure Inlet Line Shut off Valve This valve is used to direct the sample flow to the unit When the handle is vertical the valve is open and sample flows into the unit When the handle is horizontal sample flow is stopped permitting calibration solutions to be injected into the unit via the Luer lock injection port Luer lock Injection Port During instrument calibration standard and blank solutions are injected into the unit using a syringe at the Luer lock connection adjacent the valve The unit is calibrated using a secondary standard dilution and a blank solution distilled water Clean out Cap This cap permits access to the flowcell for cleaning with a brush when flushing with acid alone is not effective Sample In This is where the sample intake line is attached to allow sample to flow through the unit Sample Out The sample exhaust line attaches here There MUST be a valve at this point if there is backpressure on the line which is open during normal operation If there is back pressure on the line close the valve during calibration be aware that some solution
62. species contain predominantly more phycoerythrin Prior to ordering a CyanoWatch the decision must be made as to which of the phycobilin pigments the instrument will be used to detect The fluorescence is measured directly using in vivo cyanobacteria detection without extraction or chemical treatment For many types of qualitative work in vivo measurement alone may answer the experimenter s questions For quantitative determinations the vivo data is calibrated by correlation with other measurements such as cell counts extracted pigment analysis or filter runtimes FLUOROMETER The sample water containing cyanobacteria cells is measured in a side stream of the water as it passes through a polished glass tube in the detection system An excitation light source shines across the glass tube the cyanobacteria in 1 cyanowatch the water fluoresces and a photodiode reads the fluoresced light The quantity of light emitted is proportional to the amount of cyanobacteria present in the system see Figure 1 below The Cyanowatch consists of a microprocessor based fluorometer with electrical inputs outputs for a flow switch 4 20mA signal and data logging It is engineered to ensure reliability and pre assembled to simplify installation Plumbing and calibration accessories may need to be acquired see Replacement Parts page 17 for a list of recommended parts and Figures 3 and 4 pages 36 and 3 for the plumbing diagrams
63. start New Erase data Month 5x 9 to start New Download data logger before changing Date 0 New Changing Calibration Solution Value From the HOME screen E 0 Cal Solu Value 100 AC Cycle Time Off ENT ENT Please input ID lt ENT gt to toggle ENT XXXX 7 AC Limit Time 0 lt ENT gt to toggle EINE ESC 33 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Screens Flow Chart Con t Calibration Screens Clean the flowcell before calibrating Press See Screen Key XXX 1 From the HOME screen press ENT Cyanowatch ENT 1 Calib 2 Data 2 Press 2 to view raw data output for blank and standard Cal XX Days Ago as set during current calibration OR press 1 to begin calibration sequence 2 Blank XX X 1 Please input ID If requested key ID and press ENT If not requested go to step 4 ENT CALIBRATE SYSTEM 4 Press 1 to begin 1 To Start BLANK 5 Close the valve to stop sample flow by moving lever to SOLUTION the horizontal position Inject 120 ml of blank solution flush with 60 ml then allow portion of second 60 ml to remain in flowcell Press lt ENT gt ENT BLANK 6 If the number shown is less than 25 wait for number to XX stabilize then press lt 0 gt BLANK 96 7 After WAIT command disappears unit will prompt you to press ENT to continue To continue 8 Press ENT Press ENT ENT CALIBRATION 9 Inject 120 ml of calibration solution flush with 60 ml
64. ta 4 To download the data to a Windows based PC or to erase data from the data logger menu press 2 or 3 respectively Installing the Internal Data Logger software The Internal Data Logger IDL software is designed to interface from the Cyanowatch to a Windows based PC The IDL program is used to download the compressed data from the Cyanowatch and convert it to an ASCII format for use with a spreadsheet or other program To install the IDL software 1 Insert the IDL disk into your computer 2 Access Run from Windows Type a setup Be sure to enter the correct drive for the disk Running the Internal Data Logger software To download data from the Cyanowatch 1 Using the cable provided connect your computer to the unit s serial port phone jack style connector See Figure 2 page 9 to locate 2 Load the IDL program on the PC by clicking twice on the IDL exe icon The IDL Main Menu will appear 3 Click on Serial Port Setup to select the appropriate port 1 2 or 3 for your PC 4 Click on Download Data from Instrument to File to display the downloading box on the PC REV 1 3 You may download and convert to ASCII file in a single process by clicking on Download and Convert Data from Instrument to File this case IDL will prompt you for downloading then conversion in a single process incorporating steps 5 10 5 From the Cyanowatch set the data logger to
65. teria and thus minimizing the amount of treatment chemical used and avoid taste and odor problems 2 Location of water intake to minimize treating water with high cyanobacterial biomass REV 1 3 SPECIFICATIONS Sensitivity 150 cells mL Linear Range 0 50 000 cells mL Light Source Phycocyanin Yellow Phycoerythrin Green Excitation Optics PC 638 nm PE 528 nm Emission Optics PC 740 nm PE 573 nm Power 90 250 VAC 50 60 Hz 5 amps Relay 90 250VAC 50 60Hz 5 amps fused at 3 15 amps Type F Signal Output One 4 20 mA isolated Dimensions 8 W x 4 Dx 15 H Weight 5 Ibs 2 3 kg Enclosure Approximates NEMA 4X Maximum Water Pressure 100 psi Inlet Outlet Pipe Size 4 NPT male female Outlet Pipe Size 4 NPT female Ambient Temperature 40 120 F 4 49 C Maximum Sample Temperature 140 F 60 C Relative Humidity 0 100 Overvoltage Category II Pollution Category INSTALLATION 1 The Cyanowatch should be piped as shown in Figures 3 and 4 pages 36 and Pre Installation Installation 37 The components may be purchased A pre installation installation checklist separately or as a package through provides important guidelines and Turner Designs information to aid in preparing for installation The checklist is found in Location of Cyanowatch and Sampling Appendix B Point The Cyanowatch is rated for light Power amp Utilities Required industrial environments Do not
66. the water column Unless an enormous number of discrete samples are taken at close intervals it is likely that individual samples will miss a strata or patch of algae or cyanobacteria However the chances of locating phytoplankton populations using a fluorometer are greatly improved due to high speed and continuous sampling of natural water This can be done in real time with the use of a submersible vertical or horizontal profiling or an on line instrument water is continually pumped through the sensor Cell Counting Method One method of tracking algae growth is to take samples for microscopic counting and identification There are several well known drawbacks to this approach First it is expensive in that it requires many samples to be analyzed to follow trends and a highly trained person Thus many water companies send the samples to a water lab which requires valuable time By the time the results come back they are frequently just an after the fact confirmation of a problem which has already produced clogged filters or a taste and odor problem Finally such examination may not even show the problem Because very thin horizontal layering is common samples taken without guidance will likely completely miss the hot zones HPLC The most accurate means of quanitating the concentration of algal pigments is High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC Wright S W et al 1991 Jeffrey S W et al 1997 HPLC also is the most
67. to reference the correct date the day of the month must be entered Press from HOME Press 4 Key in the day 1 31 Press ENT Press lt ESC gt to return to clock menu REV 1 3 b Year For the datalogger to reference the correct date the year must be entered Press lt gt from HOME Press 5 Key in the year 00 99 Press ENT Press lt ESC gt to return to clock menu 6 AC Cycle Time Controls the frequency in which AC Relay Outputs are activated Range from 10 minutes to 96 hours Press lt gt from HOME Press 6 Press ENT to toggle Omin 96hrs Press lt ESC gt to return to clock menu lt gt AC On Time Controls the length of time the AC Relay Outputs stay on when they are activated Range from 0 100 of the AC Cycle Time Press from HOME Press 7 Press lt ENT gt to toggle 0 100956 8 cyanowatch Press ESC to return to clock menu For Example If you would like to use the AC Relay to control sample source using an automated valve you may want to sample raw water containing algal cells for 30 minutes every hour In this case you would set the AC Cycle Time to 60minutes and the AC On Time to 50 The result would be that the valve would allow treated municipal water to run through the system for 30 minutes every hour thus limiting the effects of biofouling and raw sample water would flow through the system for 30 minutes an hour The
68. uggested Optional Accessories Calibration Kit 6500 900 Kit includes Calibration Standard 1L syringes flowcell brushes Plumbing Kit P N 6500 655 includes inlet and outlet plumbing kits Warranty Terms Turner Designs warrants the Cyanowatch and accessories to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for a period of 12 months from the date of shipment from Turner Designs with the following restrictions Turner Designs is not responsible for replacing parts damaged by accident or neglect Your instrument must be installed according to instructions in the User s Manual Damage from corrosion is not covered Damage caused by customer modification of the instrument is not covered his warranty covers only Turner Designs products and is not extended to equipment used with our products We are not responsible for incidental or consequential damages except in those states where this limitation is not allowed This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may have other rights which vary from state to state e Damage incurred in shipping is not covered Warranty Service To obtain service during the warranty period the owner shall take the following steps 1 Write email or call the Turner Designs Technical Support department and describe as precisely as possible the nature of the problem Phone 1 877 316 8049 Email support turnerdesigns com 2 Carry out any adjustments or tests as su
69. valve to the basket strainer 2 Remove the screen by unscrewing the clear plastic basket housing and clean the screen 3 Replace the screen 4 Open the inlet valve to the basket strainer 5 Wait for the unit to equilibrate and air to purge from the unit Calibrating Calibration should be checked regularly Typically calibration should be checked using the secondary standard included in the calibration kit every two to three weeks Cleaning the Flowcell How often the flowcell should be cleaned depends on the quality of the water being monitored The flowcell is unlikely to clog but occasionally residue or biofilms can build up on the inside of the glass cuvette A fouled or discolored flowcell can result in low or erratic readings Initially routine flowcell cleaning should be conducted and fluorescence readings before and after cleaning should carefully noted If a significant change in the reading resulted from cleaning a shorter cleaning interval should be implemented If there was no significant change in the reading after cleaning a longer cleaning interval can be used For routine cleaning follow steps 1 and 2 in the Calibration Procedure page 10 open the flowcell shut off valve when cleaning completed For cleaning the flowcell with a brush perform the following steps refer to Figure 2 pg 9 1 Turn OFF the Main Power Switch 2 Shut off the flow to the flowcell Flow is off when valve handl
70. velop an occurrence database and assessment 45 cyanowatch REV 1 3 Improve Water Treatment Efficiency Fluorometric methods enable you to correct potential problems before they become problems in the form of customer complaints or non compliance with regulations The added benefits include saving cost and amount of algaecides reducing costs of activated carbon where applicable and less frequent regeneration of filters The ability to plan ahead is a primary requirement of an efficient operation Even a few days notice of the development of a bloom permits corrective action to be taken to prevent clogged filters and adverse effects on the quality of water delivered to customers Knowledge of predictable seasonal or annual trends is valuable in deciding on management strategies Typically water resource managers use IVF to monitor for chlorophyll and cyanobacteria in drinking water directly at the water source However water monitoring just prior to the treatment process holds many economic advantages Immediate pre treatment monitoring enables the facility operator to optimize the amount of treatment chemical added and therefore minimizes the downtime and expense of plugged filters Taste amp Odor In addition to the dangers of cyanotoxins the water resource industry has an additional interest in cyanobacteria because of their production of two compounds geosmin and MIB 2 methylisoborneol which cause taste and odor problems in drinking
71. waters IVF of cyanobacterial pigments represents an important new technology that should not be overlooked IVF will become a key parameter that will improve monitoring systems to provide data on cyanobacteria biomass Many species of cyanobacteria produce toxins generally referred to as cyanotoxins Ina cyanobacteria bloom these toxins can cause health risks to humans and animals and the real time monitoring of cyanobacteria can serve as an early warning system for potentially hazardous conditions Drinking water sources recreational lakes ponds and coastal areas are all susceptible to the impacts of cyanobacterial blooms The US EPA has listed cyanobacteria to their Water Contaminant Candidate List http www epa gov safewater ccl cclfs html and currently list cyanobacteria as an unregulated water contaminant The EPA Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule UCMR http www epa gov safewater ucmr html may be revised in the future to include a twelve 12 month monitoring program for many drinking water treatment utilities for cyanotoxins and or cyanobacteria The Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List 2 Notice that was published in the Federal Register on April 2 2004 pages 17406 17415 included Cyanobacteria blue green algae other freshwater algae and their toxins in the microbiological contaminant candidate list Utilities should prepare well in advance for future monitoring requirements such as this by monitoring now to de
72. will vary 00001 10 24 91 14 10 28 11 300 Index Date Time B 15 cyanowatch REV 1 3 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE Proper preventive maintenance is critical to the success of the Cyanowatch System Once the unit is installed started up and calibrated the initial settings should not require change Refer to Start up page 5 of this manual for instructions Any start up or shutdown must be made using the Cyanowatch Main Power Switch see Figure 2 page 9 The System Values are retained in battery back up memory for up to five years However the Start up procedure should be followed to ensure fluorometer calibration and alarm settings are correct if the unit has been disconnected for any length of time This unit has been assembled with a new desiccant plug to ensure the area surrounding the flowcell is free of any moisture As this plug absorbs condensate it will change from a light blue to light pink at the saturation point and should be replaced promptly The unit can remain in operation during this replacement Readings should be monitored during this replacement time as small variances might occur Refer to the Replacement Parts section pg 17 for replacement plugs ordering information The following preventivemaintenance should be performed to ensure optimum operation and maximum life Cleaning the Basket Strainer The basket strainer screen should be cleaned as needed as follows 1 Shut off the inlet
73. yer a specific distance below the surface 8 meters for example then surface application is probably not the best course Why add excessive algaecide to produce a killing concentration in the enormous volume of water above the target layer Conclusions and Contact Information Cyanobacteria monitoring with IVF sensors represents an important development in water monitoring technology Routine monitoring labor can be reduced significantly by replacing the need for regular cell counting and cell identification with IVF In addition the ability to monitor in real time and the accuracy and reliability of fluorescence sensors will significantly improve the efficiency of the monitoring system Dramatic savings in treatment chemical use filter run times and an overall improvement in water quality are very attainable results through the implementation of fluorescence sensors Finally real time monitoring of cyanobacteria can provide a valuable early warning system to potentially hazardous conditions Increasing fluorescence signals or the attainment of a threshold concentration can be used to trigger more specific and expensive testing that are able to identify specific species or toxins of concern Turner Designs is committed to developing more affordable easy to use and accurate fluorescence sensors for environmental applications In addition we will continually work with partners and customers to make as much real world data available to the public

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