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AXIDE for E8 User Manual

1. Chapter 7 Debug mode Operation Guide 7 1 Connect Emulator FPGA Board User can connect the emulator board at any time Once the board is connected and recognized by the computer AXIDE will automatically connect to the board and the message IDE Attached will be displayed While disconnecting the board from the computer the message of IDE Detached will be brought up 7 2 Compile Source Code 7 2 1 Assembler The steps to compile an assembler project 1 Open the project to be compiled and then select Program gt Compile in the menu or click on b button in the toolbar to compile the profect vvith the assembler Before compiling the project AXIDE will automatically save the current file first Assembler result will be displayed in Output Window 2 When program is assembled successfully AXIDE will transfer the objective file to the target IC and display Start transfer IRAM data in the Output Window If transfer is successful Transfer finished will be displayed If transfer fails Fatal Error Unknown Command Debug stop will be displayed When program fails to assemble error reports will be displayed in the Output Window You can double click on the error message to find out where the error happens marked by an arrow 2011 AppoTech Ltd 31 DA1 0032 UM02 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL Figure 7 1 Compile source code AppoTech AXIDE for E8 C4APG013_TUTO
2. AXIDE can be uninstalled through Control Panel DA1 0032 UM02 010V00 EN 12 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rvo AXTDE for ES USER MANUAL Chapter 3 Interface Guide 3 1 Introduction This chapter will introduce the user interface of AXIDE 3 2 nterface 3 2 1 Launch Interface VVhen AXTDE is running user can see the interface Figure 3 1 VVelcoming Screen A AXIDE for E amp 2011 AppoTech Ltd 13 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL 3 2 2 Main Interface Figure 3 2 Main Interface AppoTech AZIDE for E8 fCAAPG 13 TUTORTALSourceFilelM ATIN asm e dE Yew Debug D setma Wmdow W H d uzi 8 l l im m l gt m vam azn YA 2 delay asm 2 initasm 2 ISRasm El MAIN sen EE apa013 inc El APGO13 Files 335APG613 Tutorial 22 SourceFiles Author Rimsky Cheng 4 DELAY asm E mail rimsky cheng appotech com Copyright 2611 AppoTech Inc 2 init asm 4 ISR asm 51 MAIN asm Tutorial Main Program 2422 HeaderFiles 59 anq013 inc tinclude lt APG613 inc gt ttinclude lt ISR asm gt ttinclude lt DELAY asm gt LibrarvFiles 1 DebuqFiles VV 1 XSbace ttinclude lt INIT asm gt W_BUF EQu Window DeLay ove Eau ORG 66H JMP MAIN ORG 62FH MAIN CALL MAIN_INIT INT_INIT MOUW 01000000B Enable with pre
3. and inc File Name Description MAIN asm The Main program INTT asm Main program initialization routine DELAY asm Delay routine ISR asm Interrupt vector routine APGO13 inc Defines location of control registers ROM size RAM start address and size Figure 8 1 Tutorial AppoTech AZIDE for E8 C14APG013_TUTORIAL SourceFileiMAIN asm sl xi Fief Edit View Debug D Setting Window W 151 xi Baug terenac A 7 6 Ales mn ii Um P v m R dl el DELAY asm E initasm FE 15 zem MAIN am E apg013 inc E FE PGO13 Files 333 APG613 Tutorial a SourceFiles Author Rimsky Cheng 1 DELAY asm E mail rimsky cheng appotech com 1 init asm 5 Copyright 2611 AppoTech Inc 1 ISR asm 1 MAIN asm Tutorial Main Program HeaderFiles LZ apa013 inc include lt APG613 inc gt LibrarvFiles iinclude lt ISR asm DebuaFiles include lt DELAY asm gt 12 MAIN Ist include lt INIT asm gt U BU STRTUS BUF DELAY_CYC ORG 66H JMP MAIN ORG 62FH HAIN CALL MAIN_INIT INT_INIT H UU 61666666B Enable T CON with pre scaler of 1 2 EXT TOCON Y HOUW 61666616B disable WDT HOU PCON1 Y HOUW 16666661B MOU INTEN Y PROCESS b E 0x1 0 0x30 id 1 z l l q ik il al n uk iin iiz iin ii eg ASCII 00 10 adi Ce HU a dul anl nu o ajo alejo f
4. e Place cursor at the line to set a breakpoint and then select Debug gt Breakpoint from the menu d e Place cursor at the line to set a breakpoint and then click on button in the toolbar e Press F9 when the cursor is placed on the target line When a breakpoint is set a red dot at the left of the line will indicate that there is a breakpoint The start debugging icon will become available as long as at least one breakpoint is defined Press the icon and the program will execute until it hits the first breakpoint Then the program will stop and display all its status before the termination of execution 2011 AppoTech Ltd 33 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL Figure 7 3 Set breakpoint AppoTech AXIDE for E8 C14PG013_TUTORIAL SourceFileiMAIN asm s xj Fief Edit E View Debuz D Settne S Window W Help H S xj r yy aelm c mkm DELAY asm initasm ISR asm MAIN asm apg013 ine H H 13 Files 33 APG613 Tutorial VALUE E SourceFiles Author Rimsky Cheng 000000H DELAY asm E mail rimsky cheng appotech com e init asm 5 Copyright 2611 AppoTech Inc 00H ISR asm e4H 123 MAIN asm Tutorial Hain Program 00H HeaderFiles A apq013 inc tinclude lt APG613 inc gt 18H LibrarvFiles Hinclude lt ISR asm gt Htinclude l
5. Rev 1 1 0 3 2 3 6 Debug Menu Name Shortcut Description Compile F7 Compile the current profect User can do the on the toolbar Rebuild Crtl Alt F7 Compile all the file in the current project Old files will all be overwritten Clean Delete all the intermediate files Connect to FPGA F6 Connect the emulator board with PC Run Ctrl F5 Start running the compiled program User can do the same operation by pressing the button on the toolbar Start Debug F5 Start running in breakpoint mode VVhen the breakpoint is reached the program will pause at that point User can do the same operation by pressing the SS button on the toolbar Pause Ctrl Shift Break Pause the running program User can do the same operation by pressing the button on the toolbar Stop Shift F5 Stop the running program and quit the debug session User can do the same operation by pressing the button on the toolbar Reset Ctrl Shift F5 Reset the Program Counter User can do the same operation by pressing the Slbutton on the toolbar Step By Step F11 Start running in single step mode and step into subroutine User can do the same operation by pressing the D button on the toolbar Step over F10 Start running in single step mode and step over the subroutine User can do the same operation by pressing the F button
6. on the toolbar to do the same operation 2011 AppoTech Ltd 15 DA1 0032 UM02 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL Cut Ctrl X Cut the selected text into clipboard Copy Ctrl C Copy the selected text into clipboard Paste Ctrl V Paste the text in the clipboard to the cursor position Select All Ctrl A Select all text in the current file d Find Ctrl F Find specific text in the current file EN Find Prev F4 Jump to previous found text h Find Next F3 Jump to next found text Replace Ctrl H Find and replace specified text in the current file with new text Make Selection Ctrl Change the selected text to uppercase letter Uppercase Shift U Make Selection Ctrl U Change the selected text to lowercase letter Lowercase Block Comment or Ctrl Q Change the text chosen from the current file into uncomment comment or uncomment 3 2 3 3 View Menu Name Shortcut Description Display Line Number Ctrl L Display the line number column on the Edit window Display Bookmark Display all makers on the left column Margin Add a Marker Add maker to the line at the cursor position Delete Marker Delete maker to the line at the cursor position Find Next Marker Find the next maker in the current file Find Prev Marker Find the previous maker in the current file Tool Bar Display Hide the Toolbar Debug Bar Display H
7. DA1 0032 UM02 011V00 EN AppoTech AXIDE for E8 User Manual Rev 1 1 0 June 2011 AppoTech Limited Add Unit 705 707 7 F IC Development Ctr No 6 Science Park West Ave Hong Kong Science Park Shatin N T HK Tel 852 2607 4090 Fax 852 2607 4096 www appotech com Rel for ES USER MANUAL Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introducci n cisma iii 6 b Bac n Sai cad 6 Li ZsSUIMIMALY aiii ae baa an 7 HER SOWA e sores anor ani 0 dao 8 li ae a o n 8 Chapter 2 instaliaron susan 9 2 5Vstemi SEENEN amaya 9 2 Z INStallatiOn Reie 9 2 3 WAM Stall AXIDE aia 12 Chapter 3 Interface CTT TE 13 GR B d elei gien ra a ya axa R 13 277 SS E E S 6 E E X 13 1 1 ug EE 13 5 E le Be EE 14 2 25 ene 15 Di FOO la tat 19 3 4 Watch Register and Data Ram VVindovv 20 Chapter 4 Using AXTDE Softvvare 21 e SE e ege e EE EN EE EIER Age 22 EE Management Saa Ee A 23 ele INOW Titan bob ab r 23 210 ele EE 24 oro Remove FING ia a tana be een need Wie nee dpi 24 4 4 Block Comment Uncomme n daaa baa aaa Due 24 4 5 Display Line Numbers 25 4 56 C 10 61 a A EE 25 Chapter 5 Using Emulator Hardvvare 26
8. downloaded 3 When the emulator board is connected or disconnected a message will show in Output Window to notify user AXIDE will return to its initial state IDE not connected when the emulator board is disconnected User should check USB connection to make sure that it is connected properly 4 The connection status of emulator board will be shown on the status bar of the main interface 6 1 2 Smart Option Smart Option provides a quick way to configure the hardware and firmware properties for E8 core MCU APGOLZ Smart Options AS x RSTB r PB4CLKO Enable Disable 10 XOUT RDPORT WDTSEL Read pad Read Register C Reset 2nd Alway Reset PORSEL Power on delay time is 4 5 ms Sleep mode wake up delay time is 4 5 m v LYDSEL r PCHSEL 2 G 1 9 C Clearto zero Unchange CLKSEL PWDTCEN IRC Disable Enable RCSEL CLKDI BMHz divide 1 ID Space 0x04 ff 0x08 ff Ox0c ff 0x05 ff 0x09 it 0x0d ff 0x06 ff x a ff x e ff 0x03 ff 0x07 0x0b ff x f ff Cancel Example screen of Smart Option of APGO12 2011 AppoTech Ltd 29 DA1 0032 UM02 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL Please note that every time the smart option is changed The user should press El Restart to apply the change DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 30 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 40 AXTDE for ES USER MANUAL
9. feature of the emulator in order to implement real chip behavior The target will go into sleep mode when hitting the SLEEP instruction unless triggered by I O input or watchdog timer timeout The IDE still allows user to pause or run to read the register values Q Why the register values did not update when I modify the values during SLEEP A This is the limitation of the emulator 2011 AppoTech Ltd 43 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL Appendix II Compatibility List This section covers the MCU and hardware compatible with AXIDE for E8 Supported MCU Item name APGO12 13 Supported Emulator hardware Item name Version Emulator Mainboard TA1 0003 PCBO1 010ES TA1 0003 PCBO1 010MP Top Board TA1 0032 PCBO1 010ES TA1 0032 PCBO2 010MP DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 44 O 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL Appendix III Top Board Configurations 1 Top Board Configuration Top board is used for MCU I O emulation There are some setting which are configurable through setting jumpers at the left hand side of the top board These setting allow user to dictate the voltage output of the MCU MCU IO pins Figure 1 Hardware Configuration Overview 2 Power Configuration P7 The default configuration of VDD VDDA is connect to internal power supply of 3 3V as shown below I O can output logic level at
10. link with PC Emulator power supply for light target system loading The PC USB port should at least provide 500mA current Note that it is a type B female connector o Indicators o D1 Power Indicator located near On Off switch Red LED o D2 Busy emulator is communicating with PC Green LED o D3 Emulator connected Green LED e D4 Running Yellow LED Top board for MCU I O emulation 2011 AppoTech Ltd 2 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL Chapter 6 Connect Operation Guide 6 1 Operation Flow Chart Figure 6 1 Operation Flow Chart Yes Deb SingleStep D Breakpoint 41 When using EN program will stop Display Data RAM Reg windows when it reaches the breakpoint Connect Operation AXIDE provides communication between PC and emulator board via USB port The emulator board communicates with PC using proprietary protocol DA1 0032 UM02 010V00 EN 28 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 40 AXTDE for ES USER MANUAL 6 1 1 USB Connection 1 Connect emulator board to PC with USB cable OS will detect the new hardware and a new USB device will be detected 2 Open AXIDE Open an existing project file dws or create new project as explained in detail in Chapter 4 before connect operation Click on Sa button on the toolbar to establish connection The connection result will be displayed in the Output Window The Emulator s FPGA s configuration code will be
11. scaler of 1 2 EXT TOCON Y MOUW 01000010B disable WDT HOU PCON1 U HOUW 16666661B MOU INTEN Y PROCESS ululuq Al n n TO O ES AB 16 le 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Ob 00 00 00 00 00 00 id 00 00 00 00 00 0O 00 0O 00 001 001 001 001001001 Status Bar 00 00 00 00 OO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 y Ready IDE Connected APGO13 Line 24 Col 4 Character 348 NUM INS The Main Interface consists of the following parts e Menu Toolbar User can find all the functions in Menu bar while some functions can be accessed directly through Toolbar A pop up hint will be displayed when mouse cursor is placed over the button for a moment e Workspace Window On the left side where user can see one of the following Class view Project File view Document view Variable view when debugging and others e Edit Window On the right side where user can edit and modify source code e Output Window On the bottom where user can see the compiler connection message and output error information e Status bar It displays the following information a State of connection if FPGA is configured or not b IC model of the current project c PC value DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 14 O 2011 AppoTech Ltd Re 060606 ANIDE for ES USER MANUAL 3 2 3 Menu 3 2 3 1 Fi
12. value of special function registers in vvatch register and data ram in Data Ram Window Except for the default registers on the watch list all other registers on the list can be dragged to change its position For details please go to the section 7 6 1 and 7 6 2 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 20 O 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rvo OOOO AXIDE for ES USER MANUAL Chapter 4 Using AXIDE Software 4 1 Create project The steps to create a new project 1 Choose File gt New Project in the menu or press the EF button in the toolbar to launch the project wizard 2 Choose the target IC as shown below Figure 4 1 Choose target IC AXIDE for E8 Guide Please choose Chip Ge APGOT2 APG 13 2011 AppoTech Ltd 21 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL 3 Click Next button and then enter the project name and path Click OK button to confirm 4 User can also click add sample to load a sample project to get familiar with the developing environment Figure 4 2 Enter project name AXIDE for ES Guide xj Project Mame APG01 2 TUTO en Path e Add Sample User Denne Project Back Wetz OK Cancel 4 2 Open Project The steps to open an existing project 1 Choose File gt Open in the menu or press the E button in the toolbar to display the Open window 2 Select the project management file dvvs as extension i
13. 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL Figure 2 2 Select destination j AppoTech AXIDE for ES Select Installation Folder fhe installer will install AppoTech A IDE for lowing folder fo install in this folder click Next To install to a different folder enter it below or click Browse older ngem FilesVippo Tech Limited ppo Tech AZIDE for ES Browse Bisk Cost Install Apo lech 48IDE for ES for yourself or for anyone who uses this computer e Everyone me Cancel Back DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 10 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 40 AXIDE for ES USER MANUAL C Click on Next button to install Figure 2 3 Click Next lala Contirm Installation fhe installer iz ready to install 4ppoTech AXIDE for ES on pour computer Blick Next to start the installation Cancel E Back Figure 2 4 Wait for installation progress EES Installing Appo Tech AXIDE for ES EopoT ech AXIDE for ES is being installed Please wait d Click Finish to finish installation 2011 AppoTech Ltd 11 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL Figure 2 5 Click Close to finish installation iz AppoTech AZIDE for E8 ioj x Installation Complete ppoTech AXIDE for ES has been successfully installed Blick Close to exit Eancel E Back 2 3 Uninstall AXIDE
14. 1 Figure 2 4 Wait for installation progress 11 Figure 2 5 Click Close to finish installation 12 Figure 5 1 VVEelcomind eg EE 13 Fidure 2 eier EE 14 Figure 3 3 TOO DaTOVEYV EV yaaa sia 19 Figure 4 17 Choose target Cintra erratas 21 riGUre 4 2 Enter eg Re gn sonic 22 Figure 4 3 Select project management file 23 Figure 4 4 Create new Tristar 24 Figure 45 COSO All Save aka aa as 25 Figure 5 L Em lator DO US urnas 26 FiGUre o 10peraton FlovPehaftu al pl aldanan balabanla 28 Figure 7 1 Compile SOUlrES Code nadana yaa Aaaa bani 31 Figure 7 2 Debug TOO Da anna abia 31 Foure 235 Set He e ren 39 Figure 7 4 Watch Registers VVindovv y EN 34 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 4 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL Figure 7 5 Data RAM ele EE 35 FE Cer aaa balama adas 36 Halfe Ue CPC m aba nasosla aban 37 FIgure 8 3 SEC d Ce gue e ie e Un a 37 Figure 8 4 Reach maximum number of breakpoint 37 Figure 8 5 Delete All Breakpoint EEN ENNER ENN EN 38 Figure 8 6 Breakpoint in interrupt vector 39 Figure 8 7 Breakpoint in delay 39 Figure 8 8 Download S
15. 7 Outnuting OTP nhie Outnut 1 OR I HEX et SE DFF file Outnut ST VFR RFF FAR file ile nn A Assemble cis E 4 Ki f Buina A Debug R Find In Files Book Ready IDE Not Connected APGO13 Line 18 Col 8 Character 320 NUM INS 7 3 Normal Free Run Figure 7 2 Debug Toolbar mag m When program is compiled and transferred successfully the debug toolbar will appear on the screen To start to free run the program ignoring breakpoints click on button in the toolbar to run the program in the target IC The message Program is running will be displayed in the Output Window User can click on button in the toolbar when the program is running and then the program will pause All the status of the program will be displayed including the SFR and SRAM status A message will show in the Output Window at which line the program is paused User can watch the value of registers and Data RAM in order to check program status Click DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 32 O 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev1 4000000000 AXIDE for ES USER MANUAL on button in the toolbar to continue to run program again at the paused line Click on ES button in the toolbar to stop the running program 7 4 Breakpoint Debug There are 4 ways to set a breakpoint for debugging e Place cursor at the line to set a breakpoint Then right click and select Breakpoints item on the pop up menu
16. Chapter 6 Connect Operation Guide 28 ol Operation P oVMV Lg EE 28 ol LL SB CORRDECLOT aaa aa pla baa aaa du 29 ODUON suna E 29 Chapter 7 Debug mode Operation Guide 31 7 1 Connect Emulator FPGA 31 7i25COMPUe Source EEN 31 2011 AppoTech Ltd 3 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL TZ E ene EEN 31 Zo NOrmal Frec RUN EE 32 7 e eine e NEE EE 33 e Ee Ee aaa ias 35 TONAL Data iria a 35 7 6 1 Watch Registers VVindovv 35 7 02 Data RAM WINdOW yaaa ii 36 Chapter S TUtO Falacia 37 l Connectiand COMP aaa i 41 8 1 1 Debug using Emulator Board 41 Appendici FAQ canina ds 43 Appendix II Compatibility List 44 Appendix III Top Board Configurations 45 Appendix IV Smart Options 48 Appendix V Revision History 49 Table of Figure Figure 1 1 AXIDE software main interface s 7 Figure 2711 I0 Stal AXIDE SOWIE EE 9 Figure 2 2 Select destinataria 10 FIQUES 25 as s a NEXU oan cheater senna LLL 1
17. ES USER MANUAL 4 External Crystal Input APG013 emulator allovv three sources of external crystal input 1 ERC External RC can be connected through R39 and C28 2 XTAL Crystal with frequency from 1 8MHz can be connected to Y2 3 32 768 2 32 768KHz crystal can be connected through Y1 Figure 7 External RC Configuration Qa O R39 C28 Figure 8 Y1 Y2 Configuration C 2011 Ltd 47 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL Rev 1 1 0 Appendix IV Smart Options This section covers the configurations of the Smart Options 1 APGO12 Name Description RSTB Reset pin option RDPORT Read port option PB4CLKO PB4 clock output selection WDTSEL Watchdog reset behavior selection PORSEL Power on reset delay time selection PCHSEL Program counter high selection CLKSEL Type of clock selection WDTCEN Enable or disable watchdog timer RCSEL RC frequency selection CLKDIV CLK division selection ID Space User space for storing user information 2 APG013 Name Description RSTB Reset pin option RDPORT Read port option PB4CLKO PB4 clock output selection WDTSEL Watchdog reset behavior selection PORSEL Power on reset delay time selection PCHSEL Program counter high selection CLKSEL Type of clock selection WDTCEN Enable or disable watchdog timer RCSEL RC frequency selection CLKDIV CLK div
18. Line 10 Col Character 223 NUM INS It allows users to edit and compile source code with ease With the emulator hardware user can test and debug the application being developed 1 4 Hardware The emulator hardware consists of the following parts e Emulator mainboard for MCU and peripheral emulation Emulator top board for MCU I O emulation DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 8 O 2011 AppoTech Ltd Ryo OOOO AXIDE for ES USER MANUAL Chapter 2 Installation 2 1 System Requirement System requirements for AXIDE are listed below Computer with 1 GHz or above e 1 GB memory 100MB of available hard disk space CD ROM or Internet connections e Microsoft Windows XP Windows Vista or Windows 7 USB port 2 2 Installation Process To install AXIDE software to PC a Run setup msi then press NEXT on the interface Figure 2 1 Install AXIDE Software Welcome to the Appo Tech AXIDE for ES Setup Wizard Installer will guide wou through the steps required to install Appu Tech AzZ DE for ES on pour omputer WARNING This computer program i protected by copyright law and international treaties lnauthorized duplication or distribution of this program or any portion of it may result in severe civil Er criminal penalties and will be prosecuted to the mazimum extent possible under the law Eancel b Select Destination Location 2011 AppoTech Ltd 9 DA1 0032 UM02
19. RIAL SourceFileiMAIN asm WE a xi 2 Fief Edit View Debug D Setting S Window W 18 x ia A 6 ARANA al Sl E DELAY om El initam E 15 El MAIN eem E apg013 inc EN APGO13 Files 33 APG613 Tutorial 2423 SourceFiles Author Rimsky Cheng A DELAY asm E mail rimsky cheng appotech com B init asm Copyright 2611 AppoTech Inc 3 ISR asm BEMAN asm Tutorial Main Program HeaderFiles 1 ana013 inc tinclude lt APG613 inc gt LibraryFiles tinclude lt ISR asm gt DebuaFiles include lt DELAY asm gt MAIN Ist flinclude lt INIT asm gt W_BUF EQu STATUS_BUF EQu DELAY_CYC EQu ORG 66H JMP MAIN ORG 02 MAIN CALL MAIN_INIT INT_INIT HOUW 0100008008 Enable with pre scaler of 1 2 EXT TOCON Y MOUW 61666616B disable WDT MOU PCON1 Y HOUW 16666661B MOU INTEN Y PROCESS NOP 24 Source File CAAPGN12 TUTORIA SourceFile MAIN a Tarnet File ICMPGN13 TUTORIAL IDehuniMAlN hilhamirlefiverilatirefi Proccess file ICUMPGN13 TUTORIA SaurceFile MAIN asml len 41 Procecess file ICUPGN13 TUTORIAL HeaderFiletanon 3 i len 1138 Proccess file ICUMPGN13 TUTORIAL SoaurceFilelisr asml len Proccess file ICUMPGN13 TUTORIAL HeaderFiletannf1 3 incl len 1138 file CAAPGN132 TUTORIA SoaurceFile delav asml len ANR Proccess file IC 3 TUTORLAI iSnurreeFilelinit asml len 39
20. Set Clear the breakpoint Delete All Breakpoint Clear all the available breakpoint s ili s e ai ae Compile Compile Profect by assembler 2011 Ltd 19 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL Workspace Display Hide the Workspace Window Output Display Hide the output Window Full screen Display in full screen ASCII Display Hide the ASCII Window Table 3 2 Debug Toolbar Icon Description 1 Run Start running the compiled program Start debug The program will be stopped at the breakpoint when you press this button Pause When the program is running press Pause and the program will be stopped immediately Stop Stop the running program and quit the debug session o EI Reset Reset the Program Counter P Step Into The program will run just one step into subroutine and then stop when you press this button Single Step m Step over The program will run just one step over subroutine and then stop vvhen you press this button Single Step Run to the cursor The program will be stopped at the line that cursor positioned when you press this button x Data Ram Display Hide the Data Ram Window b r Registers Display Hide the VVatch Registers VVindovv 3 4 Watch Register and Data Ram Window During debugging user can vvatch the
21. UCCESS messaqe 40 Figure 5 9 ee e e el EE 40 Foure 9 10 Starting POSION E 41 PEC Ure o TR to CUESO EE 41 Figure 1 Hardware Configuration OvervievvV 43 Figure 2 Power Configuration Jumper default internal 43 Figure 3 External Power Configuration for APG013 44 Figure 4 External Power Configuration for APG012 44 Figure 5 5 3 3V Selection default 3 3V Internal 44 Figure 6 5 3 3V Selection 5V Internal APGO12 only 44 Figure 7 External 45 Foure S YAY ON 45 2011 AppoTech Ltd 5 DA1 0032 UM02 010V00 EN Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL Chapter Introduction 1 1 Packing List A standard AppoTech E8 core microcontroller development suite should have the following items Item Quantity Emulator Main Board x1 Emulator Top Board x1 Software CD x1 USB Cable x1 5V Power Supply x1 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 6 O 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL 1 2 Summary ApporTech AXIDE for ES AXIDE is a Windows based Integrated Development Environment IDE including editor assembler and debugger to interface with the emulator It supports project
22. able to response correctly In this case user can click on A button to stop If the program is running in valid address area user can click on button to pause At this point user can change location of breakpoint and all data returning will be valid DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 34 O 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 40 AXTDE for ES USER MANUAL 7 5 Single Step Debug VVhen program stops at a breakpolnt or pauses at a certain line click on m button or D button in the toolbar to run in Single step The program will stop again after one instruction is executed The PC value will be displayed in the Output Window and the register values will be displayed in the Watch Registers Window The difference between the T button and the D button is that T will single step into subroutine iP will single step over subroutine and will stop at instruction after finish calling the subroutine 7 6 Watch Data When program stops at a certain line user can open Watch Registers Window Data RAM Window or IRAM Window to view the values of special function registers Data RAM or IRAM 7 6 1 Watch Registers Window Figure 7 4 Watch Registers Window VALUE 0000000000000000000000008 11111111B 000000006 111111118 000111118 SFR Name Vallue R Selection Bar Select Project gt Register in the menu or click on Fiz button in the toolbar to open the Watch Registers Win
23. al Elo elo Ao 00 o o de ei Tual illi 201 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OO 00 00 o0 00 00 o0 30 8 210 5 010 Ju 010 0 HO dy ab uu ua D Ready IDE Connected APGO13 Line 18 Col 8 Character 320 NUM INS 2011 AppoTech Ltd 37 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL Now click and open MAIN asm it can be noted that besides the program instruction lines there are several lines that begin with include as shown below This allows the MAIN asm to include other asm files containing other routines such as DELAY function Figure 8 2 include fHinclude lt APG813 inc gt Hinclude lt ISR asm gt finclude lt DELAY asm gt Hinclude lt INIT asm gt Now try to put a breakpoint on line 28 of the MAIN asm as shown below Figure 8 3 Set the first breakpoint 22 MATH 23 24 CALL MAIN_INIT 25 26 INT_IHIT 2 2230 HOUW 0100006008 Enable with pre scaler of 1 2 29 ExT Y 30 31 HOUW 01600001088 disable WDT 32 HOU PEUH1 Y d 34 HOUW 1888088018 b HOU INTEN Y Note that AX1KIDE supports a total of 14 breakpoints This is especially handy when user needs to debug a program that call many routines so there are a lot of possible paths for the program outcome In this situation the program can still be traced with breakpoints set at all p
24. both 5V and 3 3V selectable from 5 3 3V selection jumper while APGO13 can only use 3 3V logic It is also possible to customize the voltage output level by connecting an external voltage supply at P4 P4 can accept voltage range from 2 5V to 5V Figure 2 Power Configuration Jumper default internal V ADI C O V_ADJ VDD VDDA 5 3 3V 3 3V 2011 AppoTech Ltd 45 DA1 0032 UM02 010V00 EN Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL Figure 3 External Power Configuration for APG013 V ADI V ADI P4 Voltage Range VDD VDDA 2 5 3 3V 5 3 3V C O 3 3V Figure 4 External Power Configuration for APG012 V_ADJ C V_ADJ P4 Voltage Range ki VDDA 2 5 5V 3 5 3 3V Selection P8 When Power Configuration Jumper is set to use internal power supply There are two possible option for internal voltage configuration One is 3 3V which is the default setting in which both APGO12 and APGO13 can operate Another is 5V which should only be used with APGO12 only Please notes that while the emulator is capable of emulating APGO13 at 5V it is not recommended The real APGO13 IC are not designed to operate at 5V Figure 5 5 3 3V Selection default 3 3V Internal UT lt NE S ee X3 Figure 6 5 3 3V Selection 5V Internal APG012 oniy OQO AG AE EI 26 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 46 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rey 1 10 AXTDE for
25. development work based on E8 core microcontroller unit MCU AXIDE helps to e carry out project management easily edit and compile source code with a few clicks e debug application with powerful tools like single stepping and breakpoints 2011 AppoTech Ltd 7 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL 1 3 Software AXIDE runs on Microsoft Windows operating system Its main interface is shown below Figure 1 1 AXIDE software main interface 18 x Fle E ESE View Debug D Setting S Window W Help H xi SASH gt BES MY JE AAAA EE a 0004 Jl E mainasm S E tutorial Files 58P68012 Tutorial 2 3 SourceFiles Author Rimsky Cheng ISR asm E mail rimsky cheng appotech com 2 main asm Copyright 2011 AppoTech Inc DELAY asm Tutorial Main Program 12 INIT asm Hinclude lt apg612 inc gt GH HeaderFiles ttinclude lt ISR asm gt 15 apad12 inc ttinclude lt DELAY asm gt 1 LibrarvFiles tinclude lt INIT asm gt 3 DebuqFiles W_BUF EQu STATUS_BUF EQu DELAY_CYC EQu ORG 66H JHP MAIN ORG 62FH MAIN CALL MAIN_INIT INT INIT HOUW 0100000808 Enable with pre scaler of 1 2 EXT TOCON Y MOUW 01000010B disable WDT HOU PCON1 Y HOUW 10000001B HOU INTEN Y PROCESS NOP CALL Delay JHP PROCESS nucr D ol rh suid Debug Find In Files BookMarks Ready IDE Not Connected APGO12
26. dow where user can watch the values of special function registers SFR and Data RAM by adding them to the register list There are 2 ways to add registers to the register list Select the SFR from the drop down list of the Combo Box in Watch Register Window and then click Add button Enter the name or address of the SFR directly in the Combo Box and then click Add button 2011 AppoTech Ltd 35 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL 7 6 2 Data RAM Window Select Project gt Dataram in the menu or click on Si button in the toolbar to open the Data RAM Window Dataram window can only be opened when the code had been successfully compiled and downloaded to the emulator board Figure 7 5 Data RAM Window 0x10 0x30 Hs O O sa bular Er ASCIL 00 10 ri PU 00 Ef EE EE EE OO Fe OR ee 20 OO OO OO OO 00 00 00 am d l r n 00 06 OO OO OO OO OO OO OO 00 00 00 00 00 00 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 36 O 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL Chapter 8 Tutorial Here is a quick tutorial introducing user to experience the powerful multiple breakpoints multiple sources feature To begin this tutorial the user can browse for the folder tutorial in the installation CD come with the package The tutorial project include several source file asm
27. ection Lowercase Colt 38 Block Comment or Uncomment Ctl 39 HOF H vw Line Numbers trl L dh CALL Delay 5 HP PRAFEFA DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 42 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rey 1 10 AXTDE for ES USER MANUAL Appendix1 FAQ This section covers the problems from the basic usage of the AXIDE Q What should I do when the application fails to compile A This may happen when the main source file is not set 1 Select and open the appropriate main source file from the workspace window 2 Press the Compile button to start the compilation Q What should I do when the Debug button is disabled A This may happen when no breakpoint is set 1 Select and open the source file from the workspace window 2 In the edit window select an appropriate line and press the Breakpoint button to set breakpoint 3 Press Connect to FPGA button to configure the FPGA and then press Compile button to download the output binary to the emulator board 4 When download finishes the Debug button will be enabled Q Why the IDE only compile one file even when I include other source file into the project A Link function is not supported by AXIDE Use include file method if the project contains more than one source file The tutorial chapter gives an example of how to include multiple source files Q When hitting the SLEEP why the target cannot continue to run by pressing the Run button A This is the
28. extension will be added to the Source File folder The steps to add file 1 Select File gt Add File in the menu or right click on one of the folders in the Workspace Window and choose Add File to launch the Add File window 2 Choose the file type ASM or INC 3 Choose the file to be added to the project 4 Click on OK button and then the file will be added to the corresponding folder of the current project 4 3 3 Remove File The steps to remove file 1 Select File gt Remove File in the menu or right click on the file and choose Remove File item on the popup menu 2 AXIDE will ask for confirmation before removal The file will be removed after user clicks on OK button to confirm 4 4 Block Comment Uncomment Select the lines which user would like to comment or uncomment then 1 Right click on the selection and select Block Comment or Uncomment or DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 24 O 2011 AppoTech Ltd Ryo OOOO AXIDE for ES USER MANUAL 2 Select Edit gt Block Comment or Uncomment or 3 Press Ctrl Q 4 5 Display Line Numbers There are three ways to display line numbers 1 Right click on the Edit Window and select Display Line Numbers or 2 Select View gt Display Line Numbers or 3 Press Ctrl L 4 6 Close All Save All User can easily close save all the opened and edited files with only one click If user want to save all the ope
29. ide the Debug bar Status Bar Display Hide the Status bar Fullscreen Vievv in full screen ASCII Ctrl I Display Hide the ASCII Window DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 16 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL Refresh List Refresh data shown on the DataRam window Workspace Display Hide the VVorkspace VVindovv Output Display Hide the Output Window Dataram Display Hide the DataRam Window In the DataRam window Users can change the DATA RAM value and choose the bank of IC Register Display Hide the VVatch Registers VVindovv In the VVatch Registers VVindovv users can vvatch DataRAM special registers and change their value 3 2 3 4 Setting Menu Name Shortcut Description Chip Options Select the smart options Project Options Select the debug output path and include path 3 2 3 5 Windows Menu Name Shortcut Description New Window Open another window for the project Close Close the present vvindovv Close All Close all the opened windows Arrange Arrange all minimized vvindovvs Cascade Arrange the windows as overlapping tiles Tile Vertically Arrange the vvindovvs as vertical non overlapping tiles Tile Horizontally Arrange the windows as horizontal non overlapping tiles 2011 AppoTech Ltd 17 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL
30. in until the interrupt fires and the program counter stop at the interrupt routine Figure 8 9 Stop at breakpoint 8 5 Delay Sub routine 9 DELAY 10 116 HOUW 38 z 12 HOU DELAY CYC Y 13 14 DELAY LOOP 15 H P 16 HOP 17 DJ2 DELAY ETL 18 JHP DELAY LOOP 19 20 RET 21 y 2011 AppoTech Ltd 41 DA1 0032 UM02 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL Rev 1 1 0 Click Restart El and the program counter will go back to the starting position Figure 8 10 starting position 17 ORG HGH 18 JMP MAIN 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ORG H ER HATH CALL 1 11 Now go to MAIN asm right click on line 41 and choose Run to cursor the line will stop at that position Press the button Step Into D and notice the Program Counter change Step Into until the Program Counter reach line 11 of DELAY asm Now go back to MAIN asm right click on line 41 and choose Run to cursor Press Step Over e notice the Program Counter change again and this time it stops at line 42 of MAIN asm Figure 8 11 Run to cursor 28 HOUW 010000 20 EXT H1 Kun to Cursor 38 di Ereaknoint 31 HOUW 01000 29 HOU PEUH1 Zi Add One BookMark 33 Delete Bookiark un HOUN 10000E 35 MOU INTEN Make Selection Uppercase Chl Shift 36 37 PROCESS Make Sel
31. ision selection ID Space User space for storing user information Appendix IV Compatibility List DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 48 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for ES USER MANUAL Appendix V Revision History Date Version Comment Revised by 2011 05 0 1 0 Preliminary Release Rimsky Cheng 09 2011 06 1 1 0 Added support to APGO12 Zack Pang 21 Added feature to preserve smart options across sessions Updated Appendix III Added smart options description for APGO12 Updated Appendix IV Added APGO12 The information in this document is believed to be accurate in all respects at the time of publication but is subject to change without notice AppoTech assumes no responsibility for errors and omissions and disclaims responsibility for any consequences resulting from the use of information included herein Additionally ApporTech assumes no responsibility for the functioning of undescribed features or parameters AppoTech reserves the right to make changes without further notice AppoTech makes no warranty representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose nor does AppoTech assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and specifically disclaims any and all liability including without limitation consequential or incidental damages AppoTech products are not designed intended or authorized for use in applica
32. lay routine on line 11 of DELAY asm Figure 8 7 Breakpoint in delay routine 8 5 Delay Sub routine 9 DELAY 18 110 HOUW s 12 HOU DELAY CYC Y 13 14 DELAY _ LOOP 15 HOP 16 HOP 12 DJ2 DELAY ETL 18 JAP DELAY LOOP 19 28 RET gt 21 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 40 O 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev1 4000000000 AXIDE for ES USER MANUAL 8 1 Connect and Compile With AXIDE it is easy to connect and compile the program Just run the program code on the emulator board which allow the application to interact with outside using board I O to read write data 8 1 1 Debug using Emulator Board stay at the MAIN asm before connect and compile otherwise error will occur Note that in the status bar if the connect and compile action are successful the following message should appear Figure 8 8 Download success message fu uunuu un mun muzum FPGA is undated Architecture AXRH A Max Y nf hreaknnints 14 Rase hoard If Tan hoard IN fx fil Pause at lxil INF Detached IDF Attached FPGA is undated Architecture lt AMAGD A gt Max Y nf hreaknnints 14 Rase hoard If xf ar HU 111 Then click start debugging icon or simply press 5 to click start debugging The PC should stop at the first breakpoint which is located in the delay routine Click start debugging aga
33. le Menu Name Shortcut Description Ctrl W This will bring up the New Project wizard User can New Project also press the button to do the same operation New File Ctrl N Create a new empty file in the current project source file or header file User can also press the button to do the same operation Open Ctrl O Open an existing project User can also press the amp button on the toolbar to do the same operation Close Close the profect Add File Add an existing file to the current profect Remove Files Remove the selected file from the current profect m Save Ctrl S Save the current project file User can also press 8 the button on the toolbar to do the same operation Save As Save the current file with another name But the file with the new name will not be added to the current project automatically gi Save All Save all the currently opened files User can also press the Fil button to do the same operation Recent Project Paths of the profects that are opened recently are recorded here User can press the specific path to open the profect At most 5 recent profects can be saved Exit Exit and close AXIDE 3 2 3 2 Edit Menu Name Shortcut Description 2 Und Ctrl Z Cancel the last operation User can press the uu button on the toolbar to do the same operation Co Ctrl Y Redo the last operation User can press the button im Redo
34. n the project s path and then click Open button The corresponding project will be shown in AXIDE DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 22 O 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL Figure 4 3 Select project management file sE HAC WE AJE Y fate Les qa SERA TY Project Files dws H 4 3 Project Management When a new project has been created or an existing project has been opened user can manage the project files in the Workspace Window on the left of the AXIDE interface such as create new file add file and remove file Double click on one of the files in Workspace Window and then the file will be opened in the AXIDE editor 4 3 1 New File The steps to create a new file 1 Select File gt New File in the menu or right click on one of the folders in the Workspace Window and choose New File to launch the New File window 2 Enter a file name in the File Name field The added file always end with asm and is considered as source file 3 Click on OK button to finish 2011 AppoTech Ltd 23 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL Figure 4 4 Create new file File Type source File File Mame cance 4 3 2 Add File This allows users to add an existing file to the current project and the file will be copied to the corresponding folder Files with ASM and INC
35. ned files just right click on the file tab and choose Save All All opened files will be saved Under the same principle the Close All button can be used to close all the opened files at once without saving Figure 4 5 Close All Save All A Tutorial r Rimsky Cheng Close All l rimsky cheng appotec Save right 2811 Appotech Inc Save 41 2011 AppoTech Ltd 25 DA1 0032 UM02 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rey 1 1 0 USER MANUAL Chapter 5 Using Emulator Hardware The emulator hardware package is mainly used for E8 core MCU development and debugging Since E8 core MCU only has OTP memory the emulator board uses FPGA instead of the target IC for emulating the functions There are many pins in the board which are emulating the corresponding pins in the target These pins can be connected to the target board for debugging purpose Below is a overview of the emulator hardware Figure 5 1 Emulator boards mn of on E Indicators WM DC plug Bea COLO ee switch s u a Indicators Povver Selection DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 26 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL Main Board Main board is used for E8 core and peripheral emulation it contains the following component o On Off switch Emulator power on off o DC plug Connect to 5VDC power supply o USB Port USB connection to
36. on the toolbar Run to Cursor Ctrl F10 Pause the running program at the cursor position User can do the same operation by pressing the button on the toolbar Breakpoint FO Set Clear the breakpoint on the cursor DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 18 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL position User can do the same operation by pressing the button on the toolbar Delete All Ctrl Shift Clear all the available breakpoint s User Breakpoint F9 can do the same operation by pressing the button on the toolbar 3 3 Toolbar Figure 3 3 Toolbar overview Table 3 1 Default Toolbar Icon Description Project Guide Build a new project New File Open a new blank file Open Project Open an existing project Save File Save the current opened file Cut Cut the selection into the Clipboard Copy Copy the selection into the Clipboard Paste Insert the Clipboard contents at cursor Undo Undo the last action Redo Redo the previously action E V INN se HU EI EZ Search for next string vvith reference to textbox vi R Search for previous string vvith reference to textbox RE Insert a bookmark into program line Go to the next bookmark Go to the previous bookmark Delete the present bookmark Connect Connect the emulator board with PC Breakpoint
37. ossible paths Continue to add breakpoints until the limit is reached Figure 8 4 Reach maximum number of breakpoint AZIDE for 8 Ki AN Number of breakpoint limit reached Max number of breakpoint supported is 14 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN 38 O 2011 AppoTech Ltd Rev 1 1 0 AXIDE for E8 USER MANUAL Now the program code is full of breakpoints but not all are needed AX1KIDE offers a quick way to remove all breakpoints at once Click Debug on the Menu then choose Delete All Breakpoint Figure 8 5 Delete All Breakpoint step step Fil DH Step Over 10 03 Run to Cursor CtrHFl10 d Breakpoint Fo a Delete All Breakpoint 8888 y Enable with pre scaler of 616B disable WDT HOP PUSH HOU HOU HOU RET POP HOU MOU HOU RET HOU THTEH Y PROCESS CALL Delay JHP PROCESS W BUF Y u STATUS STATUS BUF Y Y STATUS BUF STATUS Y W W_BUF 2011 AppoTech Ltd 39 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN AXIDE for E8 Rev 1 1 0 USER MANUAL And also set another breakpoint on line 20 of ISR asm 2nd line of ISR Remarks Setting breakpoint at the first line of ISR is not supported Figure 8 6 Breakpoint in interrupt vector 12 ORG HASH 13 14 CALL PUSH 15 JBS INTF 6 16 END_IHT 17 18 TIMER _ IHT 19 200 INC COUNT increase counter 21 Set breakpoint in the de
38. t DELAY asm gt 38H 123 MAIN st Htinclude lt INIT asm gt OOH W_BUF EQU 80H STATUS_BUF EQu DELAY_CYC EQU ffH ORG 66H fH JMP MAIN 00H ORG 62FH ffH MAIN OOH CALL MAIN_INIT 00H INT_INIT sl DOH HOUW 01000000B Enable with pre scaler of 1 2 02H EXT TOCON Y f7H HOUW 01000010B disable WDT 00H MOU PCON1 W fH MOUW 10000001B OOH MOU INTEN Y 30H PROCESS S 9 A B E D E E ASCII uuluunluuuuuuuusuuuuu un n dr B r up 00 00 00 00 uu uu Puu GOO GO bunun see esis cee ene IDE Connected APGO13 Line 28 Col 4 Character 382 NUM INS When program is compiled and transferred successfully user can set a breakpoint at a certain line and then click on 5 button in the toolbar The program vvill stop at the breakpoint and the breakpoint s PC value will be displayed in the Output Window A green amp arrow will indicate the line that the program reaches At this point click on Fee button in the toolbar the Watch Registers Window will show and user can watch the value of registers in order to know about the program status refer to section 6 6 User can change location of breakpoint and click on button to continue to debug after the program pauses If no breakpoint is set or the breakpoint location cannot be reached there will be two possibilities after button is clicked on e If the program is running in invalid address area the program will be un
39. tions intended to support or sustain life or for any other application in which the failure of the ApporTech product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur Should Buyer purchase or use AppoTech products for any such unintended or unauthorized application Buyer shall indemnify and hold AppoTech harmless against all claims and damages In case of any questions or comments about this documentation please feel free to contact AppoTech at documents appotech com 2011 AppoTech Ltd 49 DA1 0032 UMO2 010V00 EN

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