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1. 5 Identification of an Operand through 5 Operands Master Tool XE de eb i eee ee eee 5 Identification of Simple Operands 2 2 tnter esee ee etre teretes ioter E et 6 Identification of Constant 7 Identification of Table Operands x sites u np ter aN tee Pese eoe haere aku iama na n eee 8 E Operands Input Relays referee ero ede oi eei epe He er Ro 8 5 Operands Output Relays ac ee E ere eet ess 9 A Operands Auxiliary R layS Lu nennen nnne enne enne 10 TR Operands Bus Addresses au ince ie eee rte eerte emt eit ee eo bleed Duce E Ie E 10 PM Operands Memories retene tenter cese Nodes ese eet ia ene eter eee 11 76D Operands Decimals se toe de pe eer e 12 PFE Operands Reals 2 te et dte HERE Utt d etd dete duty 13 oL Operands ntegers 35 s Br ete Hane ettet te ee cort 14 Operands WKM KD and 96KI 8 15 Operands 96 TM TI TD and 15 Indirect 16 Declaration of Operands ADHI WP ee Op
2. OPERI OPER2 OPER3 KM KM M I 1 OPER2 OPER3 KM KM M 90M M I KI KI I I Table 3 19 Syntax of SUB instruction 75 3 Instructions References MUL Multiplication SEMEL enable input copy OPER1 OPER2 L overflow multiplied OPER2 multiplier OPER3 result Description Example Syntax This instruction carries out the multiplication arithmetic of operands When the input enable is powered the multiplication of the contents of the specified operand takes place in the first cell by those specified in the second The result is stored in the specified memory of the third cell If this is more than the maximum value storable in a memory the final result is this value and the output overflow is powered If the output enable is turned off no output is lit and OPER3 remains unchanged When the destination operand of the instruction is an integer M and at least one of the other operands of the instruction is a real F the stored result will be truncated it means only the integer part of the result is stored in the operand MUL 0000 0001 fF 9 8M0002 In the case above if the value of 0000 is 10 and the value of 0001 is 6 after the input enables being powered the value in 0002 will be 60 and the output copies to the input will be enabled However if the value 000
3. 52 MOV Moving Simple Operands inte teet ect Het e ea a S ee EA eie te 53 Moving of parts Subdivisions of 9 55 Moving of Blocks of 9 57 MOT Moving of Tables de RH eR ete toe ead he ete 59 MES Moving of nputs Outputs sipna uuu l i ARM h q kuu teehee ee deed 62 CES Conversion of Ipputs Outp fSu 64 AES Inputs GOUtpULs L u ete i a e eee ua kaoqa EEEE EOR 66 CAB Load Block aguas manunta baba 67 Arithmetic Group 71 MASTER 72 SUB Subtractiof n oct Ue Ee SR ID EEUU bee cn Ret eae TE eect 74 MUE MultipliCatiOni terere tete erit er bete e e eet usa 76 DIVA Pian 77 AND And Binary between operands esee eene nennen tenente nennen ener enne 79 OR Or binary between operands e uec eite eit dee diete e ace nee eode te et eee n Deka 81 Or Exclusive between 83 CAR Load u 5 eo rte eR UE e ep a e tte dale ee secedere 85 Instructions of Comparison of Operands Equals Gre
4. Figure 3 7 Example of comparing instructions As the types of operands are different M and D the comparison is carried out point to point without taking the arithmetic signs into consideration Due to this fact if M0012 has value 45 and D0010 has the value 21 operand A0003 2 will be powered as if the value of 70M0012 is greater 9000010 which actually is not 0012 45 1111 1111 1101 0011 9000000 21 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0010 0001 consider signs in comparison of example value of memory operand should be converted to a decimal using this last in the instruction CAR as shown in the logic to follow The value 111 111 1101 0011 90 0012 is greater than 100001 9000010 in the comparison point to point even showing it as a negative value Logic 000 35A0003 2 8 300012 300010 00012 Figure 3 8 Example of comparing instructions WARNING Due to the processing order or the instructions in the logic care should be taken in positioning the instructions of comparison to avoid errors in interpretation in its functioning Check the section Logics in this same chapter and the example to follow 88 3 Instructions References Example Logic 000 CAR 36A0001 0 SigM0000 S KM 00000 A0001 1 1 M0001 KM 00001 CAR ET 36A0001 2 M0002 00002 M0003 KM 00003
5. S memory M TM M S TM A M M 1 OPER2 OPER3 KD Table of values D TD decimals M D M TD 69 3 Instructions References OPERI OPER2 OPER3 Table of values TF float M F 1 OPER2 OPER3 KI Table of values TI Integers M I M TI Table 3 16 Syntax of CAB instruction 70 3 Instructions References Arithmetic Group Instructions The arithmetic instructions modify the values of numerical operands allowing arithmetic and logic calculations to be carried out between them They also allow comparison between values of operands Sequence SOM LLAS SUB Alt I A B MUL Saa oR Orbiaybeweenopeans AIL LAO XOR Or Exclusive between operands ALLA X CAR Load Operand ALAC Alt A N Alt A Table 3 17 Arithmetic group instructions 71 3 Instructions References SOM Sum SOM enable input copy OPERI OPER2 overflow OPER3 OPERI first plot OPER2 second plot OPER3 total Description Example Syntax This instruction carries out the arithmetic sum of operands When the input enabled is powered the values of the specified operands in the first two cells are added and the result stored in the operand of the third cell If the result of the operation is more or less than is allowed to be stored the output overflow is
6. Operands Allowed as Parameters TM STD M D TI D M TM M TD l M TI E S KM R Table 3 55 Operands allowed as parameters Example CHF 000 l KM 00003 E 96KM 00001 Output Parameters Parameters Input Output 0 Krn23 F3 The CHF will call the Function Mode F Alarm 000 with 3 input parameters M0000 KM0023 and F0003 and 1 output parameter 90 0000 123 3 Instructions References CHF Call Function Module Special Configuration F PID16 056 The CHF instruction has a specialized interface of configuration to the module F PID16 056 This interface also known as PID skin provides adjustment and configuration of the PID loop The window of configuration has three tabs e Settings and Charts monitors variables and configures basic parameters of the PID Configuration allows configuring advanced items of the PID Operands allows configuring the operands used by the module function F PID16 056 WARNING It is necessary to read the documentation of the module F PID16 056 in order to understand the PID skin correctly Tab Settings amp Chart The Settings amp Chart tab is used for parameterize the PID and allows monitoring the principles variables in a graphic representation in real time inixi Settings amp Chart Configuration Operands Value
7. For obtaining the first operand of a bus position it is necessary to calculate Octet s address bus position x 8 10 2 Programming Language In the AL 2004 buses from 2 to 9 each bus position corresponds to 2 octets of R operands So in the 0 position there are the R0000 R0001 operands in the 1 position R0002 e R0003 and so on For obtaining the first operand of a given bus position it is necessary to calculate Octet s address bus position x 2 The addresses for each bus position are automatically showed at the declaration of the bus window on the address column Examples 90 0026 octet 26 of the bus 90 0015 7 point 7 of the octet 15 of the bus Limits e Minimum 0 e Maximum 32767 M Operands Memories The operands M are used for numerical processing storing values in simple precision with sign The formats of the operands M can be seen in the figure below memory operand 16 points memory octet 8 points bO to b1 memory nibble 4 points n0 to n3 memory point 1 point 0 to F subdivision address subdivision type operand address Figure 2 10 M operands format The amount of memory operands is configurable in the declaration of the configuration module being the maximum limit depending on the PLC model in use check section Declaration of Operands in this same chapter The operands 96M are used in instructions of movement comparison arithmeti
8. PLC OPERATION MODES Initializing P Command of the MASTERTOOL E Status of error Figure 2 23 PLC operation status In the modes of execution programming and cycling it is possible to load and read project modules from the programming project through the serial channel of the programmable controller as well as monitoring and forcing whatever operands are used These operations are not possible if the PLC is in error mode The operands which are not retentive are zeroed in the passing of the programming mode for execution or programming for cycling the rest of them remaining unchanged Execution of the Programming Project When the PLC is powered or after the passing to execution mode the initialization of the system is carried out according to the contents of Module C being straight after executing Module E000 once The programmable controller then passes to cyclical processing of Module E001 updating the inputs 26 2 Programming Language and outputs and calling the Module E018 when it exists for each period of interruption time programmed The figure bellow shows the execution of the applications program in outline Interruption Input Figure 2 24 Execution of a programming project ATTENTION The modules E020 e E018 only will be executed after the execution of E000 Elaboration of the Programming Project General Considerations A programming project is made up at least by one Module C configuration
9. Special Configuration F PID16 056 seen 124 CHF Call Function Module Special 1 2752 129 ECR Writing of operands in other 132 LTR Reading of Operands from Another 138 LAI Free Updating of Operand 140 Writing of Operands in Another PLC to 141 LTH Reading of Operands from Another PLC to Ethernet 142 LAH Free Updating of Operand Images to 143 Instructions of the Connections 144 CGH Horizontal Connection cinere pee nee rn 144 eee o Een d I eMe he E HERE EE Re cid 144 EGV Vertical ConnectOl see eee ee bm P Ee eter eie 144 GLOSSARY uuu s 145 Summary General GIOSSARY 3 ssiecsseisssteccsovecscessosensesevosecntssadenesaveneveusedsestenseccoecshadesdeddenseescncenscessauede HERE Qu Neue ERE Dee eene 145 Ponto 5 056 u C E 147 Network G1 oSSapy u M 147 1 Introduction 1 Introduction Software MasterTool Extended Edition Software MasterTool Extended Edition MT8000 or simply MasterTool XE is the tool for configuration and programming of ALTUS equipments Grano Series Ponto Series PX Series and AL 2000 series including PLCs and remotes This tool also monitors proc
10. 9 3 1415 23 real constant 3 1415 x 10 Operands TI and Tables Tables of operands are grouped with simple operands made up of one dimensional arrays in order to store numerical values Each table has a number of configurable positions and each position can have exactly the same values of an operand M 96D F or I if the table was of type TM TD or respectively The format of the table operands can be seen on the following figure address of table decimal type of the table M 1 D or symbol of the table T identifier of address of operand Figure 2 19 Table operands format The quantity of tables and the number of positions of each one is configurable in the declaration of the configuration module can be defined up to 255 total tables and up to the maximum of 255 positions in each table respecting the limit of the operands memory of the PLC 15 2 Programming Language The tables are used in instructions of movement Limits e Minimum 0 e Maximum 254 Indirect Access This form of access is used in conjunction with a memory operand M to refer to other operands in the system indirectly The sign placed in front of a type of operand indicates that it is referenced through the address in the specific memory in the left of the sign The format of indirect access can be seen in the following figure operand of type 0 referenced indirect by m
11. Master Relay End of Master Relay E Description Example The master relay instructions end of master relay instructions are used to delimit passages of the applications programs the logic bar of supply in these powered or not according to the status of the enabling line These instructions do not need operands since it is possible to position then only in column 7 of the logic When the input of instruction RM is turned off the logic bar of the supply is turned off since the following logic until the logic which contains the FRM instruction As these instructions always act on the logic following the one counted it is advisable that their position should always be as the instructions in the logic in which they are present This being so the passage of applications program delimited visually through instructions in the diagram corresponds exactly to that controlled by the instructions therefore avoiding bad interpretation of its functioning WARNING The instructions CON COB TEE and TED contain outputs powered in the same way without their outputs being enabled These outputs remain powered the same within the passage over the turned off command of a master relay being able to result in unwanted enabling In this example when the contact normally open with operand 0000 0 have 0 open contact RM instruction input is not energized disabling the next logic source bar Logic 001 until the logic has a FR
12. Read Pt 100 Module F RAIZN 034 Square Root with Scale Normalization F RELG 048 Access to the Real Time Clock F RELOG O00 Access to the Real Time Clock Module 069 Processing the 1 0 Remote Stations F SINC 049 Access of the Synchronized Real Time Clock F STCP 044 Reading the PLC Status F STMOD 045 Reading the Status of the 1 0 modules F TERMO 003 Reading the Termocouple Module F XMOV 088 Moving the PLC data to the Memory Operands F XORT 092 Logical Operation between T able Operands Cancel Figure 3 15 Selection list of the function modules to be called by CHF To select a function mode click twice on the required module or select it on the list and click on the OK button If a function module installed on MToolXE was selected but that is not part of the project it will be asked if you want to add the module in the current project This question must be answered with Yes or the module will not be selected During the execution of the instruction on the PLC if the called module does not exist on the PLC memory the output success is turned off and the execution continues normally after the instruction ATTENTION The name of the module is not considered by the PLC to the call but only its number If there is a module F with the same number called but a different name this module is executed even so Although MasterTool Extended Edition will warn error on the project verification and
13. Real Time Chart Actual value 0 PID Monitoration Value GP Value 10 VM Value x Value TI Value 10 0 TD Value x100 0 m V Value as r Manual Autamatic Mode 3 C Manual Automatic gt Monitoration Time Base 100ms Re 15 25 30 Time Seconds Load Save Copy settings to Clipboard Monitor Values Figure 3 18 Window of the PID skin to the module F PID16 056 tab Settings amp Chart In the left side in this window it is possible to configure the variables following PA point of adjustment GP proportional gain TI integral term TD derivative term VA variable of acting Automatic or manual mode Direct or reverse mode The user must digit the new value in text field in order to configure the values of PA GP TI TD and VA Thus the monitoration of the variable will stay stopped and this variable will stay in red color itself until the user acknowledges dispatch of the value to the PLC by the bottom on the right of the text field If the user closes the window the values edited are not sent are discarded 124 3 Instructions References ty CHF PIDI6 Bottom sends the new Variable in Settings amp Chart Configuration edition PA Value Figure 3 19 Edition of a variable of the PID Values updated in this window are dispatch
14. They use one byte of memory 8 bits storing values directly in each bit The values of the operands are stored in the internal memory of the microprocessor not using the space available to the applications program The formats of the A operands can be seen in the figure bellow octet of auxiliary 8 points nibble of auxiliary 4 points n0 until n1 point of auxiliary 1 point 0 until 7 x A 000 address of the subdivision type of subdivision address of the operand Figure 2 8 operands format Examples A0032 7 point 7 of the auxiliary output 32 e A0087n1 nibble 1 of the auxiliary output 87 A0024 auxiliary octet 24 Limits e Minimum 0 e Maximum 255 R Operands Bus Addresses Are operands used to refer points or octets in the input and output modules of the controller Those operands represent only bus addresses not storing values or using memory space They are used in some instructions or functions that access modules The format of the R operands can be seen in the figure bellow bus octet 8 points x bus point 1 point 0 to 7 subdivision address subdivision type operand address Figure 2 9 operands format In the PLC AL 2004 bus 0 and 1 each bus position corresponds to 8 octets of R operands This way in 0 position there are operands R0000 a 6R0007 in 1 position 0008 a R0015 and so on
15. 0020 0021 0022 XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX Table 3 52 Operandos and values used in example Then the evolution conditions starting from status 1 will be For the first table e 100 1 16 100 Rest 1 16 1 Point to be tested 0100 1 For the second table 20 1 8 20 Rest 1 8 1 Point to be tested A0020 1 Based on the conditions of 70M0100 1 and A0020 1 we have starting from one of the tables the new status of the operand 0010 9 0100 1 A0020 1 2 0010 Observation 0 0 00001 No status change 0 1 00003 Status change as 001 1 0 00002 Status change as 7TMO000 1 1 00002 Status change as TMO000 OPER3 has priority on OPER4 Table 3 53 States found 1 OPER2 OPER3 OPER4 TM Table 3 54 Syntax of SEQ instruction 116 3 Instructions References CHP Call the Procedure Module enable success CHP NAME NUMBER 1 name of the module to be called OPER2 number of the module to be called Description This instruction carries out the diversion of the processing of the current module to the Procedure module specified in their operands if it is present in the PLC At the end of the execution of the module called the processing returns to the instruction following the CHP There is no passing of parameters to the module called Upon adding the i
16. E lt S or 96A only the less significative octets values of each declared constant will be moved When the button Block is selected the dialogue box CAB Values is shown x CAB Edit the CAB instruction Operand Operand ZTM0010 Quantity 5 Values oTM010 000 oTM010 001 TM010 002 99 TM010 003 99 TMO10 004 m Q s Exibition Edition Base Decimal E B Begin ASCII Edition Figure 3 3 Edition CAB window 67 3 Instructions References It is also possible to declare table ASCII values Pressing the button Edition ASCII that opens the window CAB Edition in ASCII it is possible to type a text that will be loaded in the screen with the ASCII values related to each character The edition of the values in ASCII is limited to the operand TM and to the maximum size of 128 positions of the table jy CAB ASCII Edition Edit CAB Edit CAB as an ASCII text Text Press ENTER Figure 3 4 CAB on ASCII edition The value can be initialized with an only value through the window CAB Initialize Block accessed through the Initialize button In this window it is possible to edit the value and the position to where the value will be moved y CAB Start Block x Start CAB Start CAB with a value Start CAB Value 0 First Position o ES Last Position EX Numerical Base Decimal Figure 3 5 CAB
17. I V D ANA DIG Conversion Analog Digital Alt I V A DIG ANA Conversion Digital Analog Alt 1 V Table 3 42 Instructions of the conversion group 101 3 Instructions References B D Conversion Binary Decimal 7 enable success OPER OPER2 OPERI source OPER2 target Description Example Syntax This instruction converts values stored in binary format contained in memory operands 76M to decimal format BCD storing them in decimal operands 900 The binary value contained in first operand OPERI is converted to decimal value and stored in the second operand OPER2 The output success is enabled and the conversion is carried out correctly If any invalid indirect access happens to the operand the output success is not powered B D 36MOO000 3500000 If the value on operand M0000 is 10 in binary 0000 0000 0000 1010 after the powering of the enable input the operand value 9000000 will be 10 in binary considering only the low part 0000 0000 0001 0000 that is the value of 0000 was converted to the BCD format WARNING If the instruction used for this type of operation is MOV discrepancies can happen in the value of the D operands OPER1 OPER2 M D M D Table 3 43 Syntax of B D instruction 102 3 Instructions References D B Conversion Decimal Binary DB enable success OPER1 OPER overflow OPERI source OPER
18. If the format of the destiny operand is less than the origin the more significant octets are zeroed If the moving is carried out the output success is enabled If the indirect indices exceed the limits of the operands declared in the configuration module the moving is not carried out and the output success is not lit up The moving of subdivisions of operands is not permitted For this reason the instruction MOP should be used When the destination operand is an integer M and at least one of the other operands of the instruction is real F the result stored is stopped only the integer part of the result is stored on M operand ATTENTION If OPERI will be of bigger precision that OPER2 then is preserved the OPER2 precision In the instruction bellow the operand value M0000 is moved to operand N1000 as the input is powered That is if the operand 5 0000 had the value 5 and M10000 value 3 initially After powering of the input the value M0000 and MOV 9040000 2540001 M10000 will be 5 and 5 respectively 53 3 Instructions References Syntax OPER1 5 M D M E M S PKM KD OPER2 M PS PA D M A M M M D M S 1 91 M I PKM 1 2 I M M M I Table 3 7 Syntax of MOV instruction 54 3 Instructions References
19. WARNING The execution time of Module E020 cannot be more or equal to the time period of the call If this happens the PLC goes into error mode displaying the message Recessed in Module E020 in the window Information command Communication Status Information ATTENTION The External Interrupt Module E020 will be execute for first time after finished the module E 000 Module P Procedure The Modules P contain passages of applications programs called starting from Modules E P or F through the instruction CHP Procedure Call This type of module does not have parameter passing being similar to the concept of the sub routine The maximum number of modules of this type is 200 00 to 199 The module P is useful to contain passages of applications programs which should be repeated several times in the main program being programmed once only and called when necessary being economical with the programs memory They can also be used for a better structure of the main program dividing it into segments according to its function and declaring them in different Modules P In this case the continue execution module E001 only calls the Modules P in the required sequence Examples e P MECAN 000 carries out the Mechanical breaking of the machine P TEMPER 001 achieves control of temperatures P VIDEO 002 achieves the man machine interface P IMPRES 003 manages the printing of reports Module F Function The Mo
20. and one Module E001 execution The minimal condition for the execution of a programming project is the presence of these two modules in the programmable controller in the PLC The first step in the editing of a MasterTool XE programming project is the creation or reading of the project The configuration module of the project is created automatically when the new project is created as in this module there are the declarations of the input and output modules and the operands used in the whole project Each module which contains passages of applications program E P or F requires Module C to be present in MasterTool XE for it to be able to be edited After the creation or reading of a project it can edit the project adding modules already in existence creating new modules for the project or excluding modules already made part of the project MasterTool XE allows various modules to be loaded and remain simultaneously in its memory After creating or reading a project it can be edited adding it to the existent modules creating new modules for the project or excluding modules that are already in the project MasterTool XE allows several modes to be carried out and remain in its memory simultaneously Considerations about Operands The various modules which make up a programming project should preferably be programs using the same Module C If a module already programmed needs to be used in another programming project the operands used for t
21. the end of the transfer the module in RAM is automatically erased and the information from the directory is modified Managing the module loading in FLASH EPROM is identical to the RAM memory shown in the previous section Compaction That is to say the RAM module is recorded in the first bank of FLASH which has enough space for it after the of the bank The search for free space occurs in the sequential order of the banks 0 1 2 and 3 38 2 Programming Language Transference of Modules from FLASH to RAM The modules present in FLASH memory or in FLASH cartridge can be transferred to the RAM memory of the program It is possible to transfer one single module or a group of module even with the PLC executing the program The transferring into execution mode is partially carried out in each verification being able to last several seconds until it is completed mainly if the cycle execution time is long At the end of the transfer the information from the directory are modified The management of the loading of the module into FLASH is identical to RAM memory shown in the previous section Compaction Erasing Modules on FLASH The erasing command can be used for modules stored in the FLASH memory of the PLC As the erasing of FLASH s is only possible for all its contents this command only retires the information from the modules directory not carrying out a real erasing of the memory The same happens if a module recorded in FL
22. values will be updated before the first execution cycle If these operands is associated a remote bus Profibus MODBUS etc there is a latency time until their update The retentive operands are configured starting from the last addresses up to the first obeying the same rule as simple operands That is to say the reserve is carried out in blocks of 256 bytes for numeric operands The declaration of the operands S and A is carried out from octet to octet For example there are 512 operands M declared M0000 to 0511 and it is required that 128 of these operands are retentive then the operands M0384 to 70M0511 will be considered retentive Instructions ALTUS PLCS use the language of relays and blocks to elaborate the applications program whose main advantage beyond its graphic representation is to be similar to the conventional diagrams of relays The programming of this language carried out through MasterTool XE uses a group of powerful instructions MasterTool XE instructions can be divided into 7 groups RELAYS containing the instructions e RNA contact normally open RNF contact normally closed e BOB simple coil e BBL coil connected e BBD coil disconnected e SLT jump coil e PLS pulse relay e RM master relay 18 2 Programming Language e FRM end of master relay MOVEMENTS containing the instructions MOV MOP MOB MOT MES CES AES CAB moving of simple operands moving of parts of
23. x i x x x T limit Table 3 35 Truth table of CON instruction X X z as 5 20 4 pz 1 1 Oper1 gt Oper2 X 1 1 Operand unchanged unchanged Oper1 Oper2 1 2 When some operand is invalid operand 2 is negative output is not zeroed 93 3 Instructions References COB Bidirectional Counter increase superior limit OPER1 decrease opER2 no limit enable OPER3 inferior limit counter OPER2 count step count limit Description This instruction carries out counts with the value for increase or decrease defined for an operand The bidirectional counter instruction allows counts in both directions that 1s increases or decreases the contents of type memory The first operand contains the accumulated memory of the value counted while the second specifies the value of the increase or decrease required The third operand contains the value limit of the count The count always takes place when the input enable is powered and the inputs increase or decrease have a transition from disconnected to connected If both the inputs have the transition in the same scan cycle of the program there is no increase nor decrease in the value of the memory declared in OPERI If the value of the increase is negative the input increase causes decreases and the input decrease causes increases in the
24. MOP Moving of parts Subdivisions of Operands MOP enable input copy OPER1 OPER2 OPERI source operand OPER2 target operand Description Example This instruction moves the contents of parts of simple operands words octets nibbles points when the enabled input is powered The conversion between types of operands is not carried out only the moving of values The operand which occupies the first cell of the instruction OPER 1 is the origin operand whose value is moved to the destiny operand specified in the second cell OPER 2 The type of subdivision used in the first operand should be the same as the second WARNING If the moving is carried out from a constant to an operand the subdivision is always considered a less significant equal constant to that declared in the designation operand Due to this characteristic the real value to be moved should always be declared in the origin constant to make the program clearer MOP z input copy 03485 enable 36M0061n2 The designation operand is declared with nibble division Therefore the less significant nibble of the origin constant with value equal to 1101 in binary 13 in decimal to be moved to nibble 2 of memory M0061 0000 1101 1001 Figura 3 2 Example of MOP instruction The remaining bits which make up the constant are ignored that is to say the result of the moving will be identical using a constant KM00013 The e
25. OPER1 OPER2 OPER3 OPER4 OPERS 5 5 M KM M M KM 1 1 D D TM TM TI TI TD TD 1 2 4 OPERS KM Situation Instruction not Enable Legends Table 3 9 Syntax of MOB instruction Truth Table of Instruction MOB Enable Oper1 Oper3 Inval Inval 0 x x 1 x Oper4 Concl Table 3 10 Truth table of instruction MOB Inval invalid Org Inv invalid origin Dest Inv invalid destiny 1 This indication is avaiable only in PO3x47 CPUs 2 Operation not yet concluded occurs when transferring is in course 58 3 Instructions References MOT Moving of Tables MOT enable success OPER1 OPER2 invalid source index OPER L invalid target index source table or source operand OPER2 table index OPER3 target operand or target table Description This instruction allows the two operations to transfer the value from one position of the table to a simple operand or from one simple operand to a position in the table The operand which occupies the first instruction cell OPER 1 is the origin operand whose value is moved to the destination operand specified in the third cell OPER 3 OPER 2 contains the position of the table declared in OPER 1 or OPER 3 Reading the contents of the table Allows reading of the contents of a table position and loads into a memory opera
26. OPER3 The output success is powered when the outputs invalid source index and invalid target index are not powered 62 3 Instructions References Example Syntax This instruction is used only to special accesses to the bus For its use the E S module placed in the bus physical position read or written by MES and how to access it must be known As the input modules are given by ALTUS they have specific instructions about how to access them The MES instruction is not necessary in most of the application programs It is not possible to write values in digital input modules of octets or reading values of digital module octets of output with MES WARNING This instruction is valid only to PLCs of AL series MES M0000 2 In this case values of the memory band M0000 to M0002 operand 00003 determines the band size will be moved to the registers of the bus RO002 to R0004 OPERI OPER2 OPER3 R KM M M R 90M 1 OPER2 OPER3 KM M KM R M M Table 3 13 Syntax of MES instruction 63 3 Instructions References CES Conversion of Inputs Outputs f CES enable success OPER1 OPERI source operand OPER2 target operand Description Example Syntax This instruction is used to transfer data directly between memory operands and octets in the bus converting the bin
27. Operand ZzM r of the function Figure 3 22 Window of the module F PID16 056 tab Operands since version 1 10 WARNING Some alteration on this window only will validate after sending of ladder module that has the CHF instruction to the PLC The window of configuration must be utilized to the online configuration of the PID If a communication error occurs an exclamation mark will be showed upon of the variable as following ty CHF PID16 Settings amp Chart Configuration Value 9 zl Figure 3 23 Variable with communication problem 128 3 Instructions References CHF Call Function Module Special AL 2752 The CHF instruction also has a special configuration to the module F 2005 016 when this module is configured to use Function 100 PID Loops AL 2752 AL 2752 is a program executed by AL 2005 that calculates until 100 PID loops The PID skin to AL 2752 is alike to PID skin to the function F PID16 056 with few differences WARNING It is necessary to read the User s Manual of AL 2752 Function 100 PID loops in order to understand the special mode of the CHF To enable the use of PID skin to AL 2752 the CHF instruction must be configured correctly to the use with AL 2752 In other works Must there be CAB instruction configuring the table of configuration of AL 2752 according to the entry parameter of the CHF instruction In the CAB instruction the position 2 m
28. So that the forced value remains in the operands the program which modifies it cannot have any instruction The forcing of the operands and is carried out in a permanent way in the controller After the commands is sent to the PLC the value is forced in all the verifications of the applications program until the operand is freed The LED FC in the PLC panel remains connected if there is some forced operand or 908 The forced values in operands superimpose those obtained in the reading of the input modules before the start of each execution cycle of the applications program The program is executed with the value forced as if the point of input corresponds with this value being able to be visualized in the monitoring For example if operand E0002 5 is forced with the value the applications program will be executed with this value for this operand not importing the status of the point in the module of corresponding input The monitoring of E0002 5 always shows the value 1 The values forced in the operands are sent directly to the output modules independent of the values obtained after the execution of the applications program The monitoring shows the forced value which corresponds to the value assumed through the corresponding point in the operand in the output module For example if operand 9050024 3 is forced with the value 0 the respective point in the output module remains disconnected not importing
29. also occupy call levels 18 F 11 n3 d e cc Figure 2 25 Maximum number of calling modules level When the maximum number of accumulated calls without return is ultrapassed the system may not carry them out continuing with the normal execution of the applications program In cases where calls occur for non existent modules or the above the number of total calls warning messages are shown in the window Information Communication Status Information starting from the main menu since these situations can cause processing errors according to the programmed logic It is possible the call from a module to itself programming for recourse taking the necessary care that is to say should be predicted in the applications program passage with recourse one moment in which there are no more calls to the same module Although it is possible the use of such procedure is not advisable in programmable controllers due to the long time for processing which a small passage of applications program can need to be executed and the facility of occurring infinite loops of execution E001 F001 Nu Recursive Call Figure 2 26 Recursive modules calling Undue programming with dead locks should be avoided If a programming project module calls another and this also carries out a call to the first 1f the call instructions in the two modules cannot be 28 2 Programming Language disabled both remain called mutually until the passing
30. channels Way to control the access to the physical medium based on data collisions It is used on Ethernet networks Communication network where the transmission and reception of information among the nodes is guaranteed to occur within a maximum determined time period Industrial standard for physical layer on data communication European standard defining the PROFIBUS fieldbus Information unit transmitted in the network PROFIBUS network status where input data is frozen Device to connect two communication networks with different protocols Device connected to a communication network originating all the command requests to other network units Communication network where the data transfer are initiated only by one node the network master The remaining network nodes slaves only reply when requested Method used by all nodes in a network to synchronize data transmission and solve possible conflicts in simultaneous transmissions PROFIBUS network with only one master Simultaneous communication with a group of nodes connected to a network PROFIBUS network with more than one master Communication network where the data transfer are initiated by any node connected to the data bus 147 4 Glossary network Node Peer to peer Protocol Serial Channel Slave Sub network Time out Token Any station in a network with the capacity to communicate using a determined protocol Type of communication where two nodes
31. coils connections and instructions are available for instructions in programming They are represented in boxes as timers counters and arithmetics The logic should be programmed in a format which coils and inputs of boxes instructions may be powered starting from the closure of a flow of current from the left to the right between the two bars through the contacts or from the outputs of interconnected boxes However the flow of electrical current simulated in a logic flows only in the direction of the energy bar on the left to the right different from the real electrical outlines The concept used simplifies very much the logic project of relays as it is not necessary to be worried about the escape paths of current The processing of the instructions of a logic is carried out in columns from column 0 to 7 A column is processed in the sequential order of its lines from line 0 to line 3 The following figure shows the processing order of the logic cells The existing number in each cell indicates its order in the processing OEP PPP EE inning Innpngggg Figure 2 2 Processing order of the logic cells 2 Programming Language Operands Operands are elements used for MasterTool XE instructions in the elaboration of an applications program The operands can define constant values defined at the time of programming or variables identified through an address or tag with values able to be changed during t
32. exchange data without relying on the master Procedures and formats rules that allow data transmission and error recovery among devices with the use of control signals Unit interface that transfers data serially Device connected to a communication network that only transmits upon the master requests Segment of a communication network that connects a group of devices nodes with the goal of isolating the local data traffic or using different protocols or physical media Maximum preset time to a communication to take place When exceeded then retry procedures are started or diagnostics are activated It is a mark that indicates who is the bus master in a moment 148
33. fieldbus located in the local bus and performing the communication with the fieldbus heads Set of I O Modules connected to a CPU Two decimal digits defined by the base terminal programmable mechanical switches with the goal of blocking the assembly of incompatible modules Thus avoiding potential damage caused by assembly and or maintenance operations Set of I O Modules connected to the fieldbus head Component where the IO modules CPUs power supplies and remaining Ponto Series modules are inserted Connection to bus signals and field signals are made through the terminal base Network Glossary Autoclear Backoff Baud rate Bridge Broadcast Communication Network CSMA CD Deterministic communication network EIA RS 485 EN 50170 Frame Freeze Gateway Master Master slave communication network Media access Monomaster Multicast Multimaster Multimaster communication PROFIBUS parameter that switches the master status into Clear when there is a network error Time that a node CSMA CD network takes before transmitting data after a collision has occurred in the physical medium Rate in which information bits are transmitted through a serial interface or communication network measured in Bits second bps Device to connect two communication networks with the same protocol Information sent simultaneously to all the nodes in a communication network Set of devices nodes interconnected by communication
34. hardware Module software Module address Nibble Not operant CPU Operands PA PLC P Module Procedure Module PROFIBUS PA Programmable Controller Programming Language RAM Redundant CPU Redundant system Ripple RX Scan Cycle Sockets Software Supervisory Station Tag Toggle Hot swap TX Upload Varistor Watchdog timer International standard for protection of accidental access and sealing the equipment from water dust and other foreign objects International standard for electrical shock protection International standard for tests of immunity against interference by pulses burst SWC stands for Surge Withstand Capability This is the international standard for oscillatory wave noises protection Also known as I O Data input or output devices in a system In PLCs these are typically the digital or analog modules that monitor or actuate the devices controlled by the system Normally used to refer to a device that adapts electrically or logically the transferring of signals between two equipments Priority event that temporarily halts the normal execution of a program The interruptions are divided into two generic types hardware and software The former is caused by a signal coming from a peripheral while the later is caused within a program Acronym used to indicate isolation or isolated Memory size unit Represents 1024 bytes Light Emitting Diode Type of semiconductor diode that emits light wh
35. in the following sections MasterTool XE instructions can be divided into 7 groups e RELAYS e MOVEMENTS e ARITHMETIC e COUNTERS e CONVERSIONS e GENERAL e CONNECTIONS Conventions Used Different conversions are used for the presentation of groups and instructions making a better visualization and recognition of the items described aiming at a simpler method of learning and a source of direct consulting of the required topics Presentation of the Groups The descriptions of each group follow this routine 1 The group is described with a little containing the name of the group 2 Straight after the little a brief description of the common characteristics of the group is given 3 Finishing the presentation of the group a table is displayed containing the name at the instruction in the first column the description of the name of the instructions in the second column and in the sequence of keys to carry out the insertion of the instruction directly through the keyboard in the third column Instructions of the Relays Group The instructions of the Relays group are used for the logic processing of the diagrams of relays Through these instructions it is possible to manipulate the values of the digital points of input and output 905 as well as points of auxiliary 76A memory M and decimal D operands 43 3 Instructions References They are also used for divert the flow and control of the processing of th
36. in the logic Diagram of Times enable release time Q a LL Figure 3 11 Diagram of times from TEE instruction 97 3 Instructions References Example TEE 0000 KM 00100 In the example above if the active input is on when the input free is activated the output Q will be powered after 10 7KM 00100 seconds On the output Q the value of the output Q is inverted On the operand M0000 the value of the time counting is stored Syntax OPERI OPER2 M M M M KM Table 3 38 Syntax of TEE instruction Truth Table valid only for the PO3x47 Truth Table of TEE instruction Input Oper2 x x Operand x x unchanged unchanged Oper1 T Oper2 Oper1 Oper2 Oper1 Oper2 Table 3 39 Truth table of TEE instruction Legends T scan time in 0 15 units e x don tcare When Oper is negative it is evaluated as zero ATTENTION This instruction has some issues that needs attention TEE instruction is not enabled for working into external interrupt modules E020 Don t execute this instruction in one cycle Execute this instruction more than one time in the same cycle This instruction must be not skipped 98 3 Instructions References TED Timer on disabling TED stop OPER1 enable OPER2 Q time accumulator OPER2 time limit tenths of seconds Description This instruction carries out the time counts with the tur
37. memory doesn t loose its contents when powered off Acronym used on LEDs to indicate error Electrostatic Discharge Application program modules May be one of three types E000 E001 and E018 The E000 module is executed just once upon system powering or when setting programming into execution mode The E001 module has the main program that is executed cyclically while the E018 module is activated by the time interruption The operating system of a PLC It controls the PLC basic functions and executes the application programs Non volatile memory that may be electrically erased and programmed See Function Module Fieldbus Message System Application software module called from the main module E module or from another function module or procedure module It passes parameters and return values Works as a subroutine Connector normally attached to the parallel port of a microcomputer to avoid the use of illegal software copies Physical equipment used to process data where normally programs software are executed See Input Output Hardware module that is part of the Input Output I O subsystem Set of digital or analog I O modules and interfaces of a PLC Generic international standard for operation and use of programmable controllers 145 4 Glossary IEC Pub 144 1963 IEC 536 1976 1 801 4 IEEE C37 90 1 SWC Input Output Interface Interruption ISOL kbytes LED Logic MasterTool Menu Module
38. not modified 96 3 Instructions References TEE Timer on enabling TEE release OPER1 enable 9PER EQ OPERI time accumulater OPER2 time limit tenths of seconds Description This instruction carries out time counts with the powering of its two enabling inputs The instruction TEE has two operands The first OPER1 specifies the accumulated memory of the time count The second operand OPER2 shows the maximum time to be accumulated The time count is carried out in tenths of seconds that is to say each unit increased in OPERI corresponds to 0 1 seconds While the inputs release and enable are powered simultaneously the operand OPERI is increased by each tenth of a second When OPERI is more than or equal to OPERA the output Q is powered and Q turned off OPERI keeping the same value as OPER In the disabling of the input release there is an interruption in the count time OPERI keeping the same value Disabling the input enable the value in OPERI is zeroed If OPER2 is negative or the indirect access is invalid OPERI is zeroed and the output Q is powered The logic status of output Q is exactly the opposite of the output Q being the deactivated instruction WARNING With the input enable deactivated the output always remains powered the same when the instruction is in a passage commanded by the instruction RM master relay Due to this care should be taken not to carry out unrequired enabling
39. operands moving of blocks of operands moving of tables of operands moving inputs or outputs conversion of inputs or outputs updating inputs or outpus load block of constants ARITHMETICS containing the instructions SOM SUB MUL DIV o o o o o oo sum subtraction multiplication division function and binary between operands function or binary between operands function or exclusive binary between operands load operand equal less than more than COUNTERS containing the instructions CON COB TEE TED simple counter bidirectional counter timer to turn on timer to turn off CONVERSERS containing the instructions B D D B A D D A binary decimal conversion decimal binary conversion analogic digital conversion digital analogic conversion GENERAL containing the instructions LDI TEI SEQ CHP CHF ECR LTR LAI ECH LTH LAH connect or disconnect indexed points test the status of indexed points sequencer call procedure module call function module writing of operands on another PLC reading of operands from another PLC frees images update of operands writing of operands on another PLC reading of operands on another PLC frees images update on operands CONNECTIONS containing the instructions 19 2 Programming Language e LGH horizontal connection e LGV vertical connection e NEG denied connection Restrictions related to the Placem
40. powered and the maximum or minimum storable value is attributed the total variable as the result If the input enable is not powered all the outputs are turned off and the value of OPER3 is not altered When a instruction destination is an integer 70M and at least one of the other operands of the instruction is real the stored result will be truncated it means it will be stored at the operand M only the integer part of the operation result SOM 28 0000 9010001 20 0002 If the operand M0000 has value 100 and operand M0001 has value 34 after enabled input is powered the maximum value on the operand M0002 will be 134 and output copies of the entry also powered If the operand value 90 0000 is 30000 and M0001 is 150000 for example the output overflow will be powered as it has passed the store limit of the operands M OPER1 OPER2 OPER3 KD KD D D D 72 3 Instructions References OPERI OPER2 OPER3 KM KM M I 1 OPER2 OPER3 KM KM 90M KI KI I I I Table 3 18 Syntax of SOM instruction 73 3 Instructions References SUB Subtraction SUB enable result gt OPER OPER2 result 0 OPERS result 0 OPERI first plot OPER2 second plot OPER3 result Description Example Syntax This instruction carries out the subtraction arithmetic between
41. specified for OPERI If at least one of the 2 conditions above is powered a status transition occurs and a turning off pulse with the duration of an applications program cycle takes place in the pulse output of the instruction If neither of the 2 conditions is powered nothing happens and the value of memory OPER2 current status remains unchanged as well as the pulse output continuing powered The output invalid index is activated if the memory OPER2 contains a value which indexes a non existent position in the tables specified in OPERI This can happen by modifying the memory OPER2 in one point of the applications program outside of the instruction SEQ in the Initialization of OPERA for example or in the appropriate SEQ instruction if any of the positions of the tables specified in OPERI contain invalid values for being the next status Care should be taken to define the 2 tables specified for OPERI with the same size and they should be initialized with legal values example if the tables have 10 positions only values between 0 and 9 should be loaded in positions of this table since only these can have legal status The conditions of evolution associated to the current status OPER2 are determined with base in OPER3 next status is loaded starting from the first table or with base in OPERA next status is 114 3 Instructions References loaded starting from the second table Knowing that the operands OPER3 and OPER4 are of memo
42. the module F PID16 056 When the seventh parameter is enabled it is possible to configure the parameters of Manual and Automatic and Direct and Reverse from the PID skin If the user is not using this version it is available at the link Click here to update the module to the newest version and enable the control operand This link is available only since version 3 05 of the Function Modules see menu Help About to consult the version of the Function Modules Settings amp Chart Configuration H The UCP memory changes must be sentto be executed Control Operand XTM TMO000 VM Operand ZM 0000 Operand 0001 V Operand 0002 Feedforward bias Operand 2 0003 ES Control Octet 0000 Control Operand Update Close Figura 3 21 Window of the module F PID16 056 tab Operands If the function module used is from version 1 10 or upper the user will can select whether it wants to utilize the seventh parameter of the function 127 3 Instructions References Settings amp Chart Configuration be sentto be The UCP memory changes executed Control Operand TMO000 VM Operand 0000 2 0001 Operand 2 0002 Feedforward bias Operand Enable the use of Control Octet 4 0000 seventh parameter Control
43. the name of a file it Should be read and saved with the name required through MasterTool XE If the file name is modified through another Windows application it can be given an invalid name for it not being able any more to be read to MasterTool XE or loaded into the PLC There are 4 types of modules which can do part of a programming project e Module C Configuration there is a configuration module for the project containing the configuration parameters of the PLC C000 Extended Module C Configuration this configuration module exists when the user uses on the project a specific characteristic of the PLC and needs an extended configuration module For further information see the user s manual of the MasterTool XE C003 to C009 e Module E Execution there can be up to 4 execution modules for the project They are only called through the operating system of the PLC E000 E001 E018 and E020 e Module P Procedure there can be up to 200 procedure modules per project They contain passages of the applications program being called through instructions placed in execution modules procedure or function After they are executed the processing returns to the following instruction of the call The modules P act as sub routines not allowing parameter passing for the module called P000 to P199 e Module Function there can be up to 229 function modules per project They contain passages of the applications program writte
44. the status of the coil which contains the monitoring of S0024 3 always shows the value 0 WARNING Incoherent situations can be visualized in monitoring logics with operands 905 forced This happens because the value monitored can be different from the value really obtained through the applications program 34 2 Programming Language WARNING All the forcing of operands E and S are removed when the turning off the PLC The forcing of these operands should be used in temporary form only to help the depuration of the programming project The operands E or S should not be left forced in character permanently since they are freed with the turning off and after the turning on of the controller Operands E and S stop being forced through the PLC through the command liberating from forcing The liberation consists of canceling the forcing previously determined The operands E return to have their values updated according to the input modules while the output modules receive the values obtained in the processing of the applications programs WARNING Force operation does not actuate in E or S operands that has been updated with the instruction AES This instruction read E operands or write S operands and it does not consider operands forcing effects For this reason it is not recommended forcing operands that have been updated by AES that are actives in the program Disabling the Outputs For the on Initializat
45. type of the ones declared as input parameters module in order to the copy of its values is correctly achieved The copy of the operands is achieved in the same order in which they are in the lists If one of the two lists has less operands in relation to the other the values of the exceeding operands will not be copied If the operands are of different types the copy of the values must happen different by MOV instruction moving simple operands then there is no operand type conversion This principle is valid also to lists of return parameters The passing of parameters is realized with copy of the declared operand values parameters passing by value although those operands can still be used globally useful by any module present on the PLC The F modules can be programmed in a generic form so that they can be used again in several application programs as new instructions It is advisable that they use their own operands that were not used for any other module present in the application program avoiding alterations in operands used in other modules The passage of simple and constant operands to the Function mode is possible The passage of operands with subdivision to the module Function is not allowed as 004 2 A0021n1 etc Only simple operands should be used to this passage The maximum amount of input parameters or output parameters is 10 The following operands can be used as parameters 122 3 Instructions References
46. used to determine the position of the table to be read or altered Memory integer real or decimal operands tables are possible The general format of an operand table can be seen in the figure bellow address of the table decimal type of the table M I D symbol of the table T identifier of address of operand Figure 2 5 Table operands format Table type 9o TM memory e integer e 9o TD decimal 9 real Examples TMO0026 memory table 26 9110020 integer table 20 9100015 decimal table 15 9180009 real table 69 Operands Input Relays E operands are used as reference points of digital modules of input Their quantity is determined through the number of E S modules which are arranged behind the scenes of the system The operands are normally used in movement and binary instructions contacts coils They use one byte of memory 8 bits storing the values of the points directly in each bit The values of the operands are stored in the internal memory of the microprocessor not using the space available in the applications program The formats of operands E can be seen in the figure bellow 2 Programming Language input octet 8points input nibble 4 points nO to n1 input point 1 point 0 to 7 subdivision address subdivision type operand address Figure 2 6 operands format Examples e E0018 6 point 6 of the input octet 1
47. value of the count If the value of the first operand makes more than or equal to the third operand the output superior limit is powered not being increased If the value of the first operand is equal to or less than zero the output inferior limit is enabled Zero being stored in the first operand If the value of the first operand is between zero and the limit the output no limit is enabled If the input enable is not powered the output inferior limit is powered and the first operand is zeroed In case of invalid indirect access to any one of the operands of the instruction the outputs inferior limit is powered WARNING With the input enable deactivated the output inferior limit always remains powered the same when the instruction is in a passage commanded by the instruction RM master relay Due to this care should be taken not to carry out unrequired enabling in the logic 94 3 Instructions References Example COB M0000 KM 00002 96 jkM 00020 In the case above the counting value is stored in 0000 To enable the counter the input must be powered To increment the counting a pulse in the increment input must be given and to decrease the same should be done on the decrease input The counting in this example will be two by two due to the value of the operand KM 00002 the limit is 20 KM00020 While the counting does not reach its limits the output no limit remains enabled If th
48. 0 is 10000 and the value of 0001 is 5 the output overflow will be powered OPERI OPER2 OPER3 PKM PKM M M M 901 2 OPER3 KM PKM M KI KI M 901 1 901 Table 3 20 Syntax of MUL instruction 76 3 Instructions References DIV Division enable wid input copy OPER1 OPER3 OPER2 OPER4 division by zero OPERI divided OPER2 divider OPER quotient OPERA remainder Description Example Syntax This instruction carries out the division arithmetic of operands When the input enable is powered the division of the value of the operand in the first cell by the second takes place the result being stored in the specified memory in the third cell and the remainder of the operation placed in the fourth operand The operands of the first and second cells can be of the type memory or constant If the value of the second operand is zero the output division by zero is enabled and the maximum or minimum storable value is placed in the operand according to the sign of OPERI In this case zero will be stored in OPERA remainder The outputs of the instruction are only powered if the input enable is enabled If it is not enabled OPER3 and OPER4 remain unchanged DIV 40000 9040002 0001 30 0003 If in the instruction above value M0000 is 11 and value 0001 is 10 after powering of the input enables the result of t
49. 001 As the mode is executed it becomes meaningless to the programming of the timers TEE TED in module E000 40 2 Programming Language Protection Levels of the PLC PLCs in AL series have a mechanism to protect the programming project and the operands allowing the blockage of the loading of program modules forcing the values or same readings of modules and monitoring for un authorized operators These characteristics are of interest to critical processes to avoid accidental modifications in the data or in the control program or in the need for secrecy The blocking of operations is carried out through the protection levels which can be defined only for operators which know a pre defined password The controller can work on four different protection levels Level 0 no protection e Level 1 allows monitoring writing forcing operands and reading of the programming modules Level 2 allows monitoring writing forcing operands Level only allows reading the PLC information The change of protection level is carried out with the options Communication Status Protection in MasterTool XE having to key in the password to achieve correct access The PLC s protection level can be consulted with MasterTool XE through the options Communication Status Information The use of different protection levels from zero allows only authorized people who know the password modify the program or the PLC s d
50. 2 target Description Example Syntax This instruction converts values stored in decimal format contained in decimal operands 26D to binary format storing them in memory operand 96M The decimal value contained in the first operand OPER1 is converted to binary value and stored in the second operand OPER2 The output success is enabled if the conversion is correctly carried out If any invalid indirect access to the operand happens the output success is not powered If the value converted results in a value greater than the maximum storable in operands M the output success is not powered the limit value being stored in the destination operand In this case the output overflow is powered D B 3500000 000 If in operand 9200000 there is value 23 in binary considering low part 0000 00000010 001 1 after the powering of the enable input the operand value M0000 will be 23 in binary 0000 0000 0001 0111 that is the value of 2000000 in DCD was converted to the operand format 70M 0000 OPERI OPER2 D M Table 3 44 Syntax of D B instruction 103 3 Instructions References A D Conversion Analogic Digital AD enable input copy OPER1 oo error OPERI address of the module on the bus number of channels to convert OPER2 first operand to receive the converted value Description Example This instruction converts the read v
51. 8 e 96E0021n0 nibble 0 of the input octet 21 06E0025 input octet 25 Limits e Minimum 0 e Maximum 255 S Operands Output Relays S operands are used to refer points of digital modules of output Their quantity is determined through the number of E S modules which are arranged behind the scenes in the system The S operands are used in movement and binary instructions contacts coils They use one byte of memory 8 bits storing the values of the points directly in each bit The values of the operands are stored in the internal memory of the microprocessor not using the available space of the applications program The format of the operands can be seen in the figure bellow output octet 8 points output nibble 4 points nO to n1 output point 1 point 0 to 7 subdivision address subdivision type operand address Figure 2 7 6S operands format Examples 9050011 2 point 2 of the output octet 11 e 55001011 nibble 1 of the output octet 10 9050015 output octet 15 Limits e Minimum 0 e Maximum 255 2 Programming Language A Operands Auxiliary Relays The auxiliary relays are operands used to store and manipulate the intermediate binary values in the processing of the applications program Their quantity in the controllers is fixed check section Declaration of Operands in this same chapter operands are used in movement and binary instructions contacts coils
52. ASH is substituted for a new module of the same type and number loaded by the serial channel The new module is stored in RAM remaining the old one in FLASH only the new one in RAM being shown in the directory Erasing the FLASH Memory With the total erasing from FLASH memory all the modules are removed all the available space being available for the recording of the new modules To erase the FLASH memory use the options Communications Modules Erase FLASH when the PLC is in programming mode The erasing can last several seconds depending on the capacity of the FLASH used in the PLC Program Execution Cycle Times The maximum time possible for the execution of a complete cycle of the applications program in the programmable controller is configurable for 100ms to 800ms That is to say the complete execution of a verification of Module E001 cannot be extended for more than value configured including the calls to the Modules P and F and the enabling of the time interruption Module E018 The executive software carries out a continuous verification in the cycle time passing automatically to error status if this limit is overtaken It can be verified the execution times of the applications program through the PLCS information window Communication Status Information starting from the main menu various execution cycle times being given specified as follows e Instantaneous cycle time shows the cycle time of the last verification execu
53. C 9 0004 14 to 40015 Configurations Remove Figure 3 28 Parameters ECR In this window there is a table where each line represents on of the six possible communications between Local PLC and Remote PLC In this table the following columns are presented Local PLC group of operands whose values will be sent to the Remote PLC through instruction Remote PLC group of operands from the Remote PLC where the value coming from the instruction communication will be written When a line does not have any information a communication will not be carried out So in the figure above only two communications would be done by the instruction The Priority Message item allows the edition of a priority ECR whenever it is selected In this case only one communication will be allowed and only the first line remains on the table ATTENTION In the verification of the MasterTool Extended Edition project the specified operand to the local PLC are consisted by MasterTool according to the declarations of the module C as they are part of the application program in use However the operands declared to the remote PLC does not suffer consistence related to their type and addresses as they belong to an application program of another programmable controller 133 3 Instructions References For editing or adding a communication in the instruction click twice on the correspondent line or selec
54. ER1 Point OPER2 Point OPER3 result 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 Table 3 22 Operations point to point AND Example AND MO000 KM 00015 35M0001 In this example it is required to keep the less significant value of the nibble of 0000 zeroing the rest of operand If M0000 contains 215 11010111 binary the result of the and binary with 15 00001111 binary is 7 0000011 binary Decimal Binary 215 00000000 11010111 content of 0000 AND 15 AND 00000000 00001111 value of 00015 7 00000000 00000111 result on 0001 Therefore the decimal Table 3 23 Example of an AND operation value 7 is stored in 90 0001 79 3 Instructions References Syntax 1 OPER2 OPER3 KM KM 9M 90M OPERI OPER2 OPER3 9o KD KD D D D OPERI OPER2 OPER3 1 KI Jol 1 I Table 3 24 Syntax of AND instruction 80 3 Instructions References OR Or binary between operands enable input copy OPER1 OPER2 OPER3 OPERI first operand OPER2 second operand OPER3 result Description This instruction carries out the operation binary between the values of the first two operands storing the result in the third The operation is carried out point to point between the operands The table to follow shows the possible combinations of the operation point to point Point OPERI Point O
55. Enable derivative action Minimum VM Value Enable proporcional action o 43 Al Maximum Value fo Minimum V Value o 4 Maximum Value fo 4 Dead Zone fo zl y Maximum allowed variantion o a y Direct Reverse Control C Direct Reverse Enable integral action Figure 3 26 Window of the AL 2752 tab Configuration The values that can be configured are e Feed forward bias value e Minimum VM value e Maximum VM value 130 3 Instructions References Minimum VA value Maximum VA value Dead zone Maximum allowed variation Direct reverse control Enable derivative action Enable proportional action Enable integral action The user must digit the new value in the text field in order to configure those values Thus the monitoration of the variable will stay stopped and this variable will stay in red color itself until the user acknowledges dispatch of the value to the PLC through the bottom on the right of the text field If the user closes the window the values edited are not sent are discarded The enabling commands of action are sent immediately Tab Operands In the window of the PID skin to AL 2752 it is not possible to configure the operands of the PID loop but it is allowed to visualize which operands are used to the variables of the loop 10 x Settings amp Chart Configuration Value Minimum VM Value Operand aw peran
56. Figure 3 9 Incorrect using of CAR instruction In the logic shown it is required to compare the value of the operands M0000 MO0001 M0002 and M0003 with the constants KM00000 KM00001 KM00002 and KM00003 respectively However the functioning occurs in a different form than the visual form suggests As the processing of the logic takes places in columns at the end of the execution of column 0 the value of M0003 will be loaded to the comparisons in column 1 In fact only the value of the operand 9 0003 will be compared with the constants present in column 1 For the required functioning the logic should be programmed in the following manner Logic 000 38A0001 0 M0000 Ma KM 00000 EXE 25A0001 1 M0001 00001 35A0001 2 96 0002 00002 NE 35A0001 3 M0003 KM 00003 Figure 3 10 Correct using of CAR instruction WARNING To avoid wrong interpretations in the functioning of the comparison it is suggested to use only one instruction CAR for the column of the logic 89 3 Instructions References Syntax OPER1 PS 1 PKM KD 1 M S M M 1 Table 3 32 Syntax of Greater Lesser and Equal instructions 90 3 Instructions References Instructions of Counters Group The counter instructions are used to carry out coun
57. Ladder Programming Manual MasterTool Extended Edition MT8000 Rev G 08 2010 Cod Doc MP399103 General Conditions No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form without the prior written consent of Altus Sistemas de Informatica S A who reserves the right to carry out alterations without prior advice According to current legislation in Brazil the Consumer Defense Code we are giving the following information to clients who use our products regarding personal safety and premises The industrial automation equipment manufactured by Altus is strong and reliable due to the stringent quality control it is subjected to However any electronic industrial control equipment programmable controllers numerical commands etc can damage machines or processes controlled by them when there are defective components and or when a programming or installation error occurs This can even put human lives at risk The user should consider the possible consequences of the defects and should provide additional external installations for safety reasons This concern is higher when in initial commissioning and testing The equipment manufactured by Altus does not directly expose the environment to hazards since they do not issue any kind of pollutant during their use However concerning the disposal of equipment it is important to point out that built in electronics may contain materials which are harmful to nature when improper
58. M instruction Logic 002 50 3 Instructions References L gica 000 36A0000 0 RM KM 00001 36MO000 001 1 00001 6 001 002 2 KM 00001 MO002 C L gica 003 KM 00001 0003 Figure 3 1 Example of use of the FRM instruction 51 3 Instructions References Instructions of Moving Group These instructions are used to manipulate and transfer numerical values between constants simple operands or tables of operands Name Description Edition Sequence MOV Moving simple operands t 1 M V IMOP Moving of parts Subdivisions of Operands t M P MoB Moving of Blocks of Operands t M MOT MES LL M E AES CES Conversion of Inputs Outputs At LL MLS Load Blook Table 3 6 Instructions of moving group 52 3 Instructions References MOV Moving Simple Operands C MOV enable success OPER1 OPER2 OPERI source operand OPER2 target operand Description Example This instruction moves the contents of simple operands when the enabled input is enabled The operand which occupies the first instruction cell OPER 1 is the origin operand whose value is moved to the destination operand specified in the second cell OPER 2
59. OPER control operand OPERA first operand of target block OPERS number of transfers for scan Description This instruction carries out the copy the value of a block of origin operands to the destination block It specifies the first operand of the origin block in OPER 1 and the first operand of the destination block in OPER 4 The total number of transfers to be carried out is declared in parameter OPER 2 to the number of transfers for the scan OPER 5 should always be specified and a memory accumulated to count the number of transfers OPER 3 If the origin or destination block is a table the transfer should begin in its first position If the format of the operand destination is less than the origin the more significant octets of the origin value are ignored If opposite 15 the case the more significant octets of the destination are zeroed The number of transfers for scan is limited in 255 operands In general if possible a high number of transfers in the some scan should be avoided to reduce the execution time of the program In each MOB instruction a memory is used as control operand OPER 3 which should be zeroed before the first execution WARNING The control operand should not have its contents altered in any part of the applications program under penalty of preventing the correct execution of the instruction Each occurrence of this instruction in the program should have an operand of exclusive control different
60. PER2 Point result 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 Table 3 25 Operations point to point OR Example OR KM 00015 98 0001 In this example it is required to force less significant nibble of M0000 to 1 saving value in the other nibbles If M000 contains 28277 0110111001110101 binary the result is 28287 011011100111111 binary Decimal Binary 28277 01101110 01110101 content of 0000 OR 15 OR 00000000 00001111 value of KM 00015 28287 01101110 01111111 result on 0001 Table 3 26 Example of an OR operation Syntax OPERI OPER2 OPER3 KM PKM M M M 81 3 Instructions References OPERI OPER2 OPER3 9o KD 9o KD D D D OPERI OPER2 OPER3 KI KI I 1 I Table 3 27 Syntax of OR instruction 82 3 Instructions References XOR Or Exclusive between operands enable input copy OPER1 OPER2 OPER3 OPERI first operand OPER2 second operand OPER3 result Description This instruction carries out the operation exclusive binary between the two first operands storing the result in the third The operation is carried out point to point between the operands The table to follow shows the possible combinations of the operation exclusive point to points Point OPER3 result 0 1 1 0 Table 3 28 Operations point to point P
61. The loading of modules in the programmable controller for the serial channel can be carried out in any order allowing only the model altered to be loaded into the PLC if the programming projects have to be maintained WARNING Only the module type and its number are relevant to the PLC in this system the name being ignored If two modules with equal type and number but with different names are to be loaded into the PLC only the last to be loaded will be considered The programmable controller organizes an internal directory where the various information regarding modules contained in it are stored able to be consulted for MasterTool XE through the directory command of modules options Communication Modules starting from the main menu When this command is to be enabled a dialogue box is opened showing in its upper section two panels called RAM Modules and EPROM Modules with the list of names and the memory occupied by each module in the PLC The table Occupied Memory details the total number of modules and the total memory space occupied by them sum of all the individual occupations beyond the total space occupied in RAM or EPROM The table Free Memory shows the amounts of RAM memory and EPROM available for the loading new modules in each memory bank existing in the programmable controller ATTENTION Only the modules present in the directory are considered valid for execution in the PLC ATTENTION A program module presen
62. This bottom also allows stopping the monitoration The graph can be handled using mouse and keyboard as in the following table __ Command Action Left bottom Zoom on the selected area Left bottom SHIFT key Moves the graph horizontally and vertically or Middle bottom Right bottom Menu of context with options e Un Zoom undoes the last zoom e Undo All Zoom Pan returns the graph to the initial values of zoom and axes Table 3 56 Commands of mouse and keyboard to Settings amp Chart tab It is possible to save the values in monitoring at the last five minutes pressing the bottom Save In order to load values it is necessary to press the bottom Load and to select the file It is possible to monitor the values of PA VM and in the right side of the window As well to monitor those values in percent scale through the graphic representation of the vertical bar The scale of the bar graphs begins from 0 until 30 000 Tag Configuration The tag Configuration is used to configure the advanced parameters of PID 125 3 Instructions References 1 Settings amp Chart Operands Feedforward bias Value 0 Enable derivative action dt Value x100 Enable proporcional action 0 Enable integral action Minimum V Value Maximum V Value Dead Zone Maximum allowed variantion Direct Heverse Control C Direct Reverse Figura 3 20 Window of the module F PID16 056 tab Con
63. XX X SXXXKX X 1 OPER2 OPER3 M A AXXXX X AXXXX X Table 3 51 Syntax of TEI instruction 112 3 Instructions References SEQ Sequencer SEQ OPER1 OPER3 enable pulse mode OPER2 OPER invalid index OPERI table of conditions or first table of statuses OPER2 index of the table s current status OPER3 operand base of the first series of conditions OPER4 operand base of the second series of conditions Description This instruction allows the programming of complex sequencer with specific conditions of evolution for each status Its form of programming is similar to state machine The instruction can be executed in two modes the 1000 mode and the 3000 mode When the input mode is turned off the instruction is executed in 3000 mode In the 3000 mode more complex sequences can be programmed Mode 1000 In this mode a fixed sequence of evolution of the statuses occurs The evolution always happens from the current status to the following one and from the last to the first The first operand specifies a table where each position contains the address of an auxiliary operand point which is tested as a condition of evolution for the next status The second operand specifies a memory which stores the current status and serves from index to a specified table in the first operand The third operand is irrelevant however an operand of type memory or auxiliary should be specified in this cell since Ma
64. a ies ede e a has 17 Retentive Operands ists ney ec ien D awa eels heey tis e e ete he eee aes 18 eet rA 18 Restrictions related to the Placement of the 20 21 Structure of a Programming Project nein nennen 21 Operating Status of the PLC etes e tie een eres de e dene e te ee ete de e e ee dette 25 Execution of the Programming ProJect n nennen nennen nennen 26 Elaboration of the Programming Project eese nennen nennen nennen enne enne 27 Depuration of Programming Projects eese 32 Program Execution Cycle eere eite fe eee Q uu mee 39 Protection Levelsiof the PLC iudicent rete Gre etie ge Le PH CLA HH aasawa 41 Interlocking of Commands in the 41 3 INSTRUCTIONS REFERENCES 43 PMS OPH CEIONS A M 43 Conventions WSC EC 43 Summary Instr ctions of the Relays Group oe eR e eae et 43 CONLACES LEES 45 Coils 46 SET Juitnp Coll 2 Iden a HiSE uud ins 47 PES Pulse Relay ee ee eee E ete ie in ee epe e de a Ree EDS 49 RM FRM Master Relay End of Master 1 50 Instructions of GrOUD u m s n rote ath es eee be ghd E RE e re E E
65. age 5 ms Execute E001 20 ms Execute E018 Time 5 ms Execute E001 20 ms Execute E018 Figure 2 28 Care in using module E018 If the execution of module E018 takes more than the time interval programmed for their calls the PLC passes to error status sending the message Re input in module E018 in the window Information Communication Status Information starting from the main menu In this situation the period of the call used should be increased or the execution time of module E018 should be reduced so that the programming project can be executed correctly The instructions behave the same when executed in module E018 except in relation to some other particular characteristics The timers TEE and TED continue to count the time at each 100 ms whatever is the period of enabling programmed for the module exactly as in the execution cycle The pulse relay PLC action its output during an execution of module E018 zeroing it in the next call The instructions CHP and CHF can be used in the same way as in the main program the modules having to be enabled through them observing the same rules of programming applying to module E018 The maximum number of levels of call from modules used in the module E018 must be added to the maximum level used in E001 and the sum must be less than the limit of the system 18 levels Care in the Programming of the Module E020 Some special care is necessary in programming module E020 Its proces
66. al binary conversion e CAR load operand LDI connect or disconnect indexed points e TEI test the status of indexed points 20 2 Programming Language e CHP call procedure module e LAI frees images update of operands A D analogic digital conversion e D A digital analogic conversion Programming Project Structure of a Programming Project Functionally a programming project can be seen as a collection of modules used to carry out a specific task also known as an applications program This allows an hierarchical view of the project with the creation of sub routines and functions The modules are called for execution through executive software operating system of the PLC or for other modules through appropriate instructions When stored on disk the programming project corresponds to a group of files and each file contains a module named as shown in the following figure name of the file number of the module 0 until 255 point of separation name of the module until 6 characteres identifier of module type of the module C E P Figure 2 21 Format of the file module names In some places in this manual and in the Help section the program modules are referenced only through their type and number when it is not relevant to use their name Example E018 WARNING The file name corresponds to a program module which should not be changed through another application of Windows To change
67. alues of an input analogic module to numerical values stored on the operands It is possible to read from 1 or 8 channels altering only the specification of the first operand that indicates the address on the bus occupied by the module A D This module must be specified on the declaration of the bus achieved on MasterTool XE The address to be programmed in OPERI can be obtained on MasterTool XE The converted values are placed on memory operands defined in OPER2 The conversion is achieved only if the input enable is powered If OPERI is specified with subdivision of the point type RXXXX X the conversion is achieved only to the module channel related to the point The points 0 to 7 of the operand correspond to channels 0 to 7 of the module respectively In this format the execution time of the instruction is significantly shorter than the conversion of the 8 channels being appropriate for example to the use in programming modules E18 enabled by time interruption If OPERI is specified as 8 channels conversion the converted value are placed in the declared memory in OPER2 and in the 7 subsequent memories If OPERI is specified as 1 channel local conversion the converted value is placed in the declared memory in OPER2 The available modules to achieve the conversion A D are shown bellow The converted values by the instruction belong to a related band with each module characteristic e AL 1103 10
68. and OPER gt I enable register gt operand OPER r 9 OPER operand to be compared Description The instructions more than less than and equals carry out comparisons of the operand specified with the value loaded previously in the internal register with the instruction CAR Load Operand supplying the result of the comparison in its outputs If any indirect access is invalid the output is disabled For example the instruction more power to its output if the value of the operand present in the last active CAR instruction is greater than the value of its operand The equals instructions and less than work in an identical way changing only the type of the comparison carried out If the operands to be compared are of the same type they are compared according to their storage format taking their signs into consideration If they are not of the same type they are compared point to point as binary values without sign If any of the operands is different of the real type the less precise operand is converted to real and after the same comparison is done point to point WARNING It is suggested that operands of equal types are always compared to avoid wrong interpretation in the results when the operands have negative values Check the following of decimal operands and real operands is not allowed 87 3 Instructions References Example Logic 000 can ENS 0003 2 9040012 500000 _ sd
69. and WebPLC are the registered trademarks of Altus Sistemas de Informatica S A Windows Windows NT and Windows Vista are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Summary Summary 1 INTRODUCTION rc T 1 Software MasterTool Extended Edition 1 MasterTool ProPonto 00 E a u Su ku 1 Lite Professional and Advyanced 1 Documents Related to this Manual 1 VISG3al I Sp cti Wu suy wa aa E M 2 Technical Support E 2 Warning Messages used in this Manual 2 2 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE qi co UN Goose Uo PLNS 3 Elements of Programming eet eo peto o riri po ea on pa een eoo eC VR eene 3 I ule ped 3 Operands uy a uy E 5 Identifying an Operand through
70. ands in this same chapter The I operands are used on movement comparing arithmetic and conversion instructions This operands use four bytes of memory 32 bits with signal as the following figure a value S arithmetic signal bit 0 positive 1 negative Figure 2 17 Integer operand format Examples 5010041 integer 41 901002352 octet 2 of the integer 23 14 2 Programming Language 10059n6 nibble 6 of the integer 59 10172hA ponto 10 of the word 1 of the integer 172 Limits e Minimum 2147483648 e Maximum 2147483647 Operands KM KD KF and KI Constants Operands are used to define the fixed values in the elaboration of the applications program There are two types of constant WKM KD KF and KI each one following a different format from the representation of values being identical to the operands M D F and 901 respectively The format of the constant operands can be seen on the following figure constant value constant signal positive or negative constant type M D or constant symbol K ID of operand address Figure 2 18 Constant operand format These operands are used for instructions of movement comparison arithmetic counting and timing Examples e KM 00241 memory constant 241 e 90 1 2000000000 integer constant 2 billion or 2 x 10 KD 0019372 decimal constant 19 372 e 0125 78 real constant 125 78
71. ary values to BCD when writing to the bus or BCD for binary when reading If it is required to convert the bus octets to a memory the initial octet should be programmed in OPERI and the memory to receive the converted values in OPER2 The instruction concatenates the octet value specified with the following octet converts from the BCD format to binary and stores the converted value in the destination memory If it is required to convert value from one memory or constant memory to the bus the value to be converted should be specified in OPERI and in OPER the initial octet to receive the values The instruction converts the value to BCD format end writes it to the octet specified and the following one If the value moved to the bus has more than 4 digits the more significant surplus digits are discarded CES M0100 0010 To move contents of M0100 to R0010 e Value of M0100 21947 equivalent to 101010110111011 binary form e Value of 0M0100 21947 converted to 0010 0001 1001 0100 0111 in the BCD form e Value moved to R0010 47 in the BCD form equivalent to 0100 0111 written in the octet Value moved to R0011 19 in BCD format equivalent to 0001 1001 written in the octet A in The instruction is always executed when the input enable is powered The output success is powered if the instruction is executed correctly The output error is powered when an invalid access is made to same operand indirectly referenced
72. ata Unauthorized operators even are prevented from carrying out inadvertent alterations The access password can have from one to eight alphanumeric characters It is defined or changed with the options Communication Status Password the previous password and the new password having to be keyed in twice for the change to be confirmed The PLC is supplied without a password It is not necessary to key in any value in previous password field to define the first password WARNING The password should be written and kept in a secure place If the password programmed in the PLC is lost ALTUS should be contacted The PLCs protection acts not only to carry out operations with MasterTool XE but also the commands received through ALNET I and ALNET II with the same characteristics defined for each level Interlocking of Commands in the PLC In the AL series it is possible to use the ALNET I and ALNET II communication networks together When interconnected in this way it is possible to receive two commands simultaneously whose concurrent execution will not be desirable due to their characteristics For example the PC can receive a command to transfer from FLASH to RAM through ALNET II while the same command is being loaded in ALNET I Similar situations occur with the commands for transferring program modules from EPROM Memory to RAM from RAM to FLASH or erasing from FLASH memory The execution of these commands can be extended for several
73. ater and Lesser esee 87 Instructions of Counters GfOUp ugat n be dee ceo eo Rer t ER S mk ua a ee etae Wa eaii aikai 91 CON Simple tenes Er n seed ee ie een dened ease need 92 COB Bidirectional Counter 3 esis u i dee eines inde 94 TEE Famer on enabling ns oet Sites acess erit ete e erede Odds 97 TED Tamer on disabling u u Ie aei emere yen tates es eee 99 Instructions of the Conversion 101 B D Conversion e eene tenes tenete tenter eA innen en 102 Conversion 103 A D Conversion Analogic Digital eese eene eene enne en rennen eren 104 D A Conversion 106 Instructions of the General Groups ses a a ayaq h tee eee eee ce e ket eter eee sayas da 108 EDI Enable Disable indexed 109 TEL Test of Indexed POIntfSt amp I0S2 a a na d Lee ee e doeet pede u Slo tese ceca 111 SEQ Sequencer iui C ene nn ie her ied ln ni Maplin S 113 CHP Call the Procedure Module u cei see ee ee eee 117 Call Function retro eerte tI e e eet u eH Cte 119 CHF Call Function Module
74. bits value from 0000 to 1023 e AL 1116 12 bits value from 0000 to 4095 e AL 1119 e QK1119 12 bits value from 0000 to 4095 AL 1139 value from 0000 to 3999 with overflow indication 4000 to 4095 The output error of the instruction is enabled in any of the following situations e Module declare don the bus is invalid to the instruction it is not of the modules listed before Try of assessment of operands not declared Conversion error except AL 1103 A D 36R0012 96MOO30 104 3 Instructions References Syntax If in the register of operand R0012 an analogic input is declared these data will be transferred to operand M0000 OPER1 RXXXX PRXXXX X OPER2 M Table 3 45 Syntax of A D instruction 105 3 Instructions References D A Conversion Digital Analogic D A input copy OPER1 narmalize OPER2 error OPERI first operand with values to be converted OPER2 module address on the bus number of channels to convert Description This instruction converts the numerical values of memories to analogic signals The values are converted through cards of analogic output AL 1203 AL 1214 or AL 1222 The conversion of 1 or 4 channels is possible using only one D A instruction The first operand specifies the first memory with value to be converted The second operand indicates the address of the D A module on the module bus The module must be spec
75. c counting timing and conversion They can be used in contacts as the operands 905 and A These operands use two bytes of memory 16 bits storing the value in two complement form 2 according to figure bellow 11 2 Programming Language s T value 2 S bit of arithmetic sygnal 0 positive 1 negative Figure 2 11 Memory operands format Examples e M0032 memory 32 MO0072n1 nibble 1 of the memory 72 MO0084 F point 15 of the memory 84 Limits e Minimum 32768 e Maximum 32767 D Operands Decimals The D operands are used for numerical processing storing values in BCD format with up to 7 digits and signal The formats of the operands D can be seen in figure below decimal operand 32 points D xxxx w x decimal word 16 points w to w1 xxXxx b Xx decimal octet 8 points b0 to b3 gt 300 x decimal nibble 4 points n0 to n7 D 00 X point on word 0 1 point 0 to F point word 1 1point to hF subdivision address subdivision type operand address Figure 2 12 D operands format The quantity of decimal operands is configurable in the declaration of the configuration module being the maximum limit depending on the PLC model being used check section Declaration of Operands in this same chapter The operands D are used in instructions of movement comparison arithmetic and conversion They can be used in contacts as t
76. ced in this module is called for execution at time intervals It defines the calling period for the applications program in the general parameters of Module C being able to choose between 50ms 25ms 10ms 5ms 3 125ms 2 5ms 1 25ms and 0 625ms At the running of the programmed time the sequential execution of the applications program is interrupted and the module E018 is executed After it is finished the system returns to execution for the sequential processing point where the module E001 had been interrupted The time continues to be counted during the call of Module E018 its execution having to be as short as possible so that to avoid an excessive increase in the time of Module E001 cycle ATTENTION The E 018 execution time cannot be equal or higher than the time period of the call If this happen the PLC get in error mode showing the message Reentrance in E 018 module in information window command menu Communication State Information ATTENTION The E 018 Time Interrupt just will be execute for first time after finished the module E 000 E020 External Interrupt Module When occur a rise edge signal in input source the main program is interrupted and the E 020 is executed When this module finished the execution will continue in the point where was stop If the interrupt source input is active with many frequency the time execution module must be as short as possible 23 2 Programming Language
77. d Minimum VM Value Operand 009 VM perand Maximum Value Operand zmona ewm Feedforward bias Value Operand Minimum Value Operand wood GP Operand Maximum allowed variantion Operand ewon2 7 TI Operand Dead Zone Operand Operand Control Operand Figure 3 27 Window of AL 2752 tab Operands 131 3 Instructions References ECR Writing of operands in other PLC busy OPER1 node address of remote controller OPER2 sub net address of the remote controller OPER3 instruction control operand Description This instruction carries the writing of values of operands of the controller where it is being executed in operands presented in other PLCs through the ALNETI communication network For its use therefore it is essential that the controller who executes is connected to other PLCs through ALNETII Through the ECR can be transferred individual values of operands or sets of operands being possible the programming of up to 6 different communications in one same instruction The ECR can be programmed to be priority sending an urgent communication processed by the bridges and by the destination PLC before the common communications The priority ECR allows only one communication being useful to sign alarms or emergency situations among PLCs To pr
78. dules F contain passages of application programs called from Modules E P or F through the instruction CHF Call Function In the call from Modules F it is possible to pass the values as parameters for the module called These modules are usually written in generic form to be approved for different applications programs in the language of relays or of machine being similar to the instructions of the language of relays The values of the parameters are sent and returned through the lists of existing operands in the call instruction and in Module F In the editing of an instruction CHF 2 lists of operands should be defined that are used for e Sending parameters for execution of the function module Input Receiving the values returned through the function module Output In editing the function module 2 lists of operands should be defined using the command Editing Edit Parameters which are used for Receiving parameters of instruction CHF Input e Sending values of return for the instructions CHF Output The passing of parameters is achieved through the copy of the values of the declared operands passing of parameters for value The following figure represents the flow of data between instruction CHF and the function module 24 2 Programming Language Parameters sent to the function Function Modules Processing of the function Values returned by function Figure 2 22 Parameters on F modules F
79. e applications program al Sequence RNA RNE BOB SLT BBL BBD PLS FRM AM Master Relay ARR Table 3 1 Instructions relays group Presentation of the Instructions The description of each instruction is made in the following way 1 The instruction is described with a little containing the name of the instruction and the description of the name A figure presented as an instruction is visualized in the diagram of relays containing its operands input and output Above each figure a brief description of the significance of each operand is displayed The item Description contains information describing the functioning of the instruction according to the enabled inputs and the types of operand used Also described in this item are the outputs which are enabled after the execution of the instruction The item Syntax describes the combinations of operands which can be used in the instruction This item is only present in instructions which have operands The item Example gives an example of the use of an instruction describing its behavior This item is only present in instructions which require major detailing of their functioning There are also other items which describe a specific characteristic of the instruction if it is necessary 44 3 Instructions References Contacts RNA Contact Normaly Open OPER RNF Contact Normaly Closed OPER Description Example Syntax These instr
80. e controllers Content of ECR main messages 136 3 Instructions References Li j x Parameters ECR Edition of the parameters ECR Node Sub net Control J f a K Main Message Configurations Remove Figure 3 32 ECR parameters configuration message priority This instruction carries out writing on the programmable controller with the node address 1 on sub net 1 A priority communication is defined to it The 1 communication sends the content of a memory operand in the local PLC to two auxiliary operands in the remote PLC being 2 octets transferred ATTENTION This instruction can only be used on PLCs AL 2004 137 3 Instructions References LTR Reading of Operands from Another PLC LTR enable busy OPERI 2 error node address of the remote controller OPER2 sub net address of the remote controller OPER3 operand of the instruction control Description This instruction carries out the reading of values of operands presented in other programmable controllers for operands of the programmable controller where it is being executed through the ALNET communication net For its use therefore it is essential that the PLC that executes it is connected to other PLCs by ALNET IL Through the LTR values of individual operands or sets of operands can be read being possible the programming of up to 6 different communications of reading in th
81. e same instruction The programming of instruction LTR is identical to the ECR observing the same restrictions In the LTR the transference of the values occurs from the declared operands in the remote PLC to the local PLC being this the only difference between them WARNING The LTR differs from ECR in the possibility of priority messages it means it is not possible to Syntax Table 3 61 Syntax of LTR instruction Example LTR KM 00002 9500000 00001 LTR Messages content 138 3 Instructions References 9 Parameters LTR Edition of the parameters LTR Node Sub net Control Main Message Local PLC Remote PLC oM0004 S A0014 to 40015 50038 to 9550041 00027 9 0009 to M0014 0018 3500003 to 00004 TMOO0 018 TM000 022 Sj TDODO 028 to TDD00 030 oMOO06 AN013 to A0020 TMOOO O00 to TM000 004 Configurations Remove Cancel Figure 3 33 LTR parameters configuration This instruction carries out readings in the programmable controller with the node address 2 in the sub net 1 Six communications are defined for it transferring data of different types between the PLCs Communication 0 reads the content of two auxiliary operands in the remote PLC for one memory operand in the local PLC being transferred 2 octets Communications 1 2 3 4 and 5 transfer respectively 4 12 2 8 and 10 octets between the progra
82. e superior or inferior limit is reached its respective outputs are powered Syntax OPERI OPER2 OPER3 70M M M M M M M M M KM KM Table 3 36 Syntax of COB instruction Truth Table valid only for the PO3x47 Truth Table of instruction COB Input Output Dec Aticv Oper3 Oper1 Operi gt Operand Lim NL Lim e lt 0 lt 0 Oper3 Oper 1 Invalid Pex x x x x x unchanged o o 1 x x o N x o x x x o o of 1 Mace J equus invalid een invalid x 1 1 1 x o o o 1 x t 1 j o x unchanged 0 0 1 x 1 0o o 0 Oper 3 negative Oper 3 negative 0 j 0 co 1 C superior limit ou T EL E ser peg T Oper2 3 O S ier Et rome L Oper2 inferior limit o p o o remm 110 superior limit Table 3 37 Truth table of instruction COB Positive transition ET Positive transition inferior limit nc x x x x x x nT nT uT T T T nT T nT Positive transition superior limit Legends e transition e nT nottransition e x don tcare 95 3 Instructions References Inval invalid Lim limit NL not limit Inc increments When both inputs have a transition there are not increment or decrement When some operand is invalid or operand 3 is negative output is
83. ed to the PLC only If the PID loop has ladder instructions configuring the variables they are not updated automatically Then the user must configure this instruction manually In order to make easy this action the bottom Copy settings to clipboard copies the values to utilization of CAB of initiation of the table operand of control The interval while variables are monitored can be selected through the option Monitoration Time The selection of a bigger time base allows monitoring the trap by a long time The PID skin stores the last 10 000 monitorations It is necessary only a click to configure the Automatic Manual Direct and Reverse modes and dispatch the command for the PLC WARNING The Automatic Manual modes and the Direct Reverse modes are enable to the module F PID16 056 since version 1 10 only and if the CHF is configured to 7 parameters Details about the version 1 10 and the seventh parameter can be seen in the documentation of the module F PID16 056 in help of the function modules WARNING The configuration of the values does not change the ladder program of the user If the user is configuring the values through ladder instructions these instructions will not changed In the central area it is possible to visualize the values of PA VM and VA in the graphic representation of Settings amp Chart in real time It is necessary to press the bottom Monitor Values in order to initialize the monitoration
84. eeds the maximum time selected without which the PLC passes to error mode in case these sporadic verifications do not cause delays in the system timers WARNING If the PLC indicates a greater maximum cycle time than that selected without which it will have to have a memory compaction even if it continues normally in execution mode the oram should be examined to reduce its cycle time in situations which cause greater times Some typical procedures exist to reduce the execution time of very extended applications programs A good management of the modules call can reduce the total cycle time sensibly the calls of a few modules of the applications program being carried out in each verification not allowing then all to be fired in the same cycle The use of jump instructions in the modules reduces their execution time since a jumped passage of applications program is disregarded by the executive software The master relay and end of master relay instructions RM and FRM do not have this property since the segment of applications program delimited by them continue to be executed the same as when the RM coil is disabled ATTENTION The Initializations of values in operands or tables in Module E000 should be carried out designed specially for this intention The execution of module E000 for not to being cycled can delay more than the maximum time this time being disregarded in counting the time of the first verification of Module E
85. emory type of the operand had access indirectly E S A M L D TH TI TD symbol of indirect access address of the reference memory which contain the address of the operand had access indirectly Figure 2 20 Indirect access format In MasterTool XE the indirect access to the tables 15 shown without the asterisk The indirect access is used in instructions of movement comparison counting and timing Examples 70M0043 E input octet referenced indirectly through memory 43 90 1824 auxiliary octet referenced indirectly through memory 1824 e 70M0371TD table of decimals referenced indirectly through memory 371 70M0009 M memory operand referenced indirectly through memory 9 Example MOV KM 00431 M0009 M This instruction moves the value 431 to the memory operand whose address is the value correctly stored in 90 0009 If M0009 contains the value 32 then the value 431 will be stored in M0032 If M0009 contains the value 12 then the constant value will be stored in M0012 WARNING It is the responsibility of the applications program that the value contained in the reference memory M0009 in the example represents valid addresses not containing negative values or above the existing addresses for the type of operand referenced indirectly The instructions do not carry out invalid indirect access normally having an output sign to indicate an error 16 2 Prog
86. en energized It s used for visual feedback A graphic matrix in Altus Relay and Blocks Language where are inserted the relay diagram language instructions that are part of an application program are inserted A set of sequentially organized logics makes up a program module The Altus WINDOWS based programming software that allows application software development for PLCs from the Ponto PX Grano Piccolo AL 2000 AL 3000 and Quarks series Throughout this manual this software is referred by its code or as MasterTool Programming Set of available options for a program they may be selected by the user in order to activate or execute a specific task Basic element of a system with very specific functionality It s normally connected to the system by connectors and may be easily replaced Part of a program capable of performing a specific task It may be executed independently or in conjunction with other modules through information sharing by parameters Address used by the CPU in order to access a specific I O module Information unit composed of four bits In a redundant system this is the CPU that is neither active nor backup May not take control of the system Elements on which software instructions work They may represent constants variables or set of variables See Jumpers See Programmable Controller See Procedure Module PLC application software module called from the main module E module or from another procedure mod
87. ent of the Instructions There are rules related to the placement of the instructions on the 8 logic columns that must be followed Those instructions can be divided in 3 categories Instructions that can be edited only on column 7 BOB simple coil BBL turn on coil BBD turn of coil e SLT jump coil e RM master relay e FRM end of master relay Instructions that can be edicted from column 0 to 6 RNA relay usually open e RNF relay usually closed e PLS pulse relay LGH horizontal connection e LGV vertical connection NEG denied connection DIV division movement of operand blocks gt greater lt lesser e equal SEQ sequencer e CHF call function mode ECR writing of operands in other PLC e LTR reading of operands in other PLC Instructions that can be edited in all the columns e MOV moving of simple operands MOP moving of part of operands MOT moving of table operands MES moving of inputs or outputs e CES conversion of inputs or outputs e AES updating of inputs or outputs CAB load block of constants e SOM sum e SUB subtraction e MUL multiplication AND function and binary between operands OR function or binary between operands XOR function or exclusive binary between operands e CON simple counter e COB bidirectional counter TEE timer to turn on TED timer to turn off e B D binary decimal conversion e D B decim
88. ers When the user selects a new mode it must reconfigure the mode If the new mode has less operand than the previous module the more operands will be discarded But if the new module has more operands the more operands will be configured with the standard operand to the module And an error of verification will be showed if one of the parameters has different type in the new mode Some Function modules have a personalized configuration that is accessed through the bottom Special Configuration The modules that enable this function are introduced in the next section But in the case of Function module selected was created by the user or a standard call to the module does not exist it will be parametered in a different manner First the amount of input and output parameters should be defined and after click on Input or Output button according to the necessity In this case the following window will be opened 121 3 Instructions References Edition of the CHF Parameters Parameter Edition Edition of the CHF Parameters Operand oKM 02300 M0000 2 0000 ADODO A0000 ees Figure 3 17 Edition of a not patterned function module WARNING MasterTool XE does not realize any consistence related to the operands programmed with parameters either on the CHF instruction nor on the Function module The list of operands to be sent to the module F must have the same operand number with the same
89. esses module configuration and generation of reports MT8000 runs on Windows 2000 Windows XP and Windows 7 operatinig systems all 32bits English and Portuguese versions of the manuals and software are available MasterTool Extended Edition allows the development of application for all ALTUS PLCs series The edition of the program uses the concept of symbolic programming tags or nicknames what permits registers of the project during the edition of the modules The concept of the project that establishes a relation among several files eases the work reducing the developing time besides preventing the user from committing common configuration errors through verification MasterTool ProPonto MT6000 Ponto s PLCs series were included in MasterTool version 3 00 And the software MasterTool ProPonto MT6000 is necessary for its programming This software named ProPonto in this document is in MasterTool XE CDROM in a sub directory with the same name WARNING ProPonto is necessary only to the configuration of PLCs series Ponto Further information about ProPonto can be obtained in ProPonto s Manual which can be found in the PDF format in the directory ProPonto Manual do CD ROM Lite Professional and Advanced MasterTool Extended Edition MT8000 software has three distribution versions each of those with specific characteristics according to necessity They are Lite programming software specific for small applicatio
90. f the module E020 and zeroes it in the next call The instructions CHP and CHF can be used as in the main program and the enabled modules must observe the same programming rules of the module E020 The maximum number of module call levels used within a E020 module must be added to the maximum level used in E001 and E018 and this sum must be less than the system limit 18 levels Using of Operands in Programming Modules E018 and E020 Other care necessary is with the data sharing between the modules E018 or E020 and the other present in the programmable controller The interruptions can occur at any point of the main program of execution cycle module E001 or modules P or F called through it also during the processing of its instructions As the operands are all of common use to any programming project module care should be taken not to inadvertently use in modules E018 or E020 any operand which is used in another programming project module since this use according to the case can cause incorrect functioning When the module e018 and E020 are used simultaneously both must use exclusive operands In order to share the data between the Modules E018 E020 and other module any cyclical execution should use the instructions MOV moving of simple operands and MOB moving of blocks of operands to create an image of operands which contain the data to be shared These instructions must be used in the modules of the normal execution cycle and not in mod
91. f the operands E to be connected or disconnected indirectly superimposing the value of the scan of the input modules after their execution OPERI OPER2 OPER3 1 OPER2 OPER3 M S SXXXX X SXXXX X OPERI OPER2 OPER3 M A AXXXX X oAXXXX X Table 3 50 Syntax of LDI instruction 110 3 Instructions References TEI Test of Indexed Point Status TEI enable test answer OPER1 OPER2 invalid inferiar limit OPER3 invalid superior limit OPERI address of point to be tested OPER2 address lower limit OPER address upper limit Description This instruction is used to test the status of the points indexed for a memory delimited for operands of lower and upper limit The first operand specifies the memory whose contents reference the auxiliary operand or output relay to be tested The operand or JMXXXX E or 9MXXXX A should be declared as the operand of indirect access Even when the instruction is used to test output points 905 the representation of this operand will be as indirect access to the input The second operand specifies the address of the valid output or auxiliary relay in the instruction It should be specified with the subdivision of point 7SXXXX X or The third operand specifies the address of the last a valid output or auxiliary relay in the instruction It shou
92. fication of an operand through its tag can only be achieved after attributing the tag to an operand For further information about creating and attributing tags to operands check MasterTool XE Manual ATTENTION The operands can also be visualized through associated wire info However an operand cannot be forced or monitored by typing the wire info through its tag or address Operands Used on MasterTool XE The operands available in MasterTool XE are shown in table bellow 5 2 Programming Language Table 2 1 Operands used on MasterTool XE The operands are divided into 3 groups e Simple operands e Constant operands e Table operands Identification of Simple Operands The simple operands are used as variables of storing the values in the applications programs According to the instruction which they use they can be referenced completely or in a subdivision one part of the operand The subdivisions of operands can be word octet nibble or point The general format of a simple operand can be seen in figure bellow address of the subdivision hexadecimal optional type of subdivision h b w optional address of the operand decimal type of the operand S R M I D F identifier of address of operand Figure 2 3 Simple operand format Operand type input 908 output auxiliary M memory 91 integer 50 decimal real 2 Programmin
93. fied in OPERI values in decimal format must be loaded that specify auxiliary operands points that must be tested as evolution conditions The calculation of these values is specified through the equation VALUE address of the operand 8 address of the subdivision 113 3 Instructions References Example If A0030 2 is the point which it is required to use as a condition of evolution starting from the status 4 then e Address of operand 30 e Address of subdivision 2 e VALUE 30 8 2 242 The value to be loaded in position 4 of the table OPER1 should be 242 so that the point A0030 2 causes the evolution for the next status that is the status 5 or the status 0 if the table has 5 positions Mode 3000 In this mode it is possible to define the evolution sequence and choose one of two paths starting from the current status Therefore 2 degrees of freedom are offered in relation to the 1000 mode allowing more complex status machines to be used There is however less freedom to choose the evolution conditions in relation to the 1000 mode besides it is necessary the use of more memory tables in mode 3000 The first operand specifies the first of the two subsequent tables that are used for each instruction The two tables have to be the same size Each position of the first table contains the next status if the condition associated to operand 3 is powered Each position of the second table contains the next statu
94. figuration The values that can be configured are Feedfoward bias value dt value Minimum VA value Maximum VA value Dead zone Maximum allowed variation Direct or Reverse Mode Enable derivation action Enable proportional action Enable integral action The user must digit the new value within the text box in order to configure those values Thus the monitoration of the variable will stay stopped and this variable will stay in red color itself until the user acknowledges dispatch of the value to the PLC by the bottom on the right of the text field If the user closes the window the values edited are not sent are discarded The enabling commands of action are sent immediately Tab Operands In the tab Operands it is possible to configure the operands used by the module F PID16 056 Changes on this window change the parameters loaded in the module F PID16 056 This window edits the following entry parameters of the CHF to the module F PID16 056 The configuration of operands is enabled only when the monitoration is stopped 126 3 Instructions References CHF Entry Name Type of operand accepted Parameters 1 Control operand 2 VM operand 3 _ PA operand 4 jVAoeand eM 8 Feedvorwardibias operand M 6 Conoce Table 3 57 Relation of the operands with the configuration of the CHF The configuration of the operand of control in the seventh parameter is possible only since version 1 10 of
95. for a memory OPER1 OPER2 PR M 64 3 Instructions References OPER1 OPER2 PKM PR M M M R Table 3 14 Syntax of CES instruction ATENTION This instruction is only to PLCs AL Series 65 3 Instructions References AES Updates of Inputs Outputs AES enable success 1 2 first octet of operands to update OPER2 number of octets update Description Example Syntax This instruction executes an immediate updating in the memory image for the specified operands Its updating is identical to the scan of the E S points carried out by the executive program at the end of each scan however with the number of operands limited The first operand OPER1 contains the first octet of operands to be updated while the second operand OPER2 shows the total number of octets to update The operands E input are read from the bus to the image memory and the operands S output are written from the image memory to the bus when the instruction is executed If the number of operands to update exceeds the number of operands declared it is only possible to update from the type declared If no octet is updated from the instruction the output success is turned off The instruction AES should be used only in special processing where there is a very fast time delay or a constant is demanded by the PLC In relatively small application
96. from to rest This operand cannot be retentive When connected the outputs of the second and third cells show respectively that at least one of the component operands of the origin or destination block has a greater address than the maximum number declared for the operand or table used no moving being carried out If the value of the second operand is negative the output origin index invalid is enabled The output of the first cell is enabled in the scan in which the moving is completed WARNING The input enable should remain active until the moving is concluded As this instruction is executed in multiple execution cycles it should not be jumped while the moving is still in progress 57 3 Instructions References Example Syntax MOB 000 KM 00011 6 00002 35 0 100 M1000 In the example above if it is required to move values of the operand block from M0000 to M0010 as 1 indicates the beginning of the origin block for moving and OPER2 indicates its size In OPER4 there is the initial operand of the designation level it means the first operand of the designation block that is required to move the values is M1000 5 represents the number of operands that must be moved in each PLC verification that in this case will be 2 KM 00002 In OPER3 m0100 it is registered what was the last moving done by the instruction
97. g Language Subdivision type point of low word 1 point h point of high word 1 point n nibble 4 point b octet 8 point w word 16 point Examples of Addresses E0002 3 point 3 of the input operand 2 S0004 7 point 7 of the output operand 4 A0039n1 nibble 1 of the auxiliary operand 39 0045 auxiliary octet 45 2610234 integer operand 234 20M0205 memory operand 205 MO0205b0 octet 0 of the memory 205 D0029 decimal operand 29 D0034w1 word 1 of the decimal operand 34 0001 real operand 1 Identification of Constant Operands The constant operands are used to define the fixed values during the editing of an applications program Are possible constant operands memory integer decimal and real The general format of a constant operand can be seen in the following figure value of the constant decimal signal of the constant positive or negative type of the constant M 1 D symbol of he constant identifier of address of operand Figure 2 4 Constant operand format Constant type M memory I integer D decimal real Examples KM 05172 memory positive constant KI 1 integer negative constant 2 Programming Language KD 0974231 negative decimal constant e KF 0153 78 positive real constant Identification of Table Operands Tables of Operands are groups of simple operands set out in dimensional arrays Indices are
98. ged 0 0 unchanged 0 1 nvalid Operand 1 0 x table 1 0 Invalid operand 3 1 uncaged 0 0 Normal Operand 1 Value 1 readed 60 3 Instructions References Truth Table of instruction Writing of values in table Input Output Situation Enable Oper1 Oper2 Oper3 Oper3 Suces Org Inval 0 ou gt Inval Inv tam Instruction not Enable O x x x unchanged O 0 Invalid Operand 1 1 J 1 x j x ukonRane 0 f Negative Operand 2 or out of 1 1 x KF sa table Invalid operand 3 1 o o 1 unchanged 0 0 Normal Operand 1 Value 1 readed Table 3 12 Truth table true of MOT instruction Legends invalid Org Inv invalid origin Dest Inv invalid destiny e Suces success Dest Inv 61 3 Instructions References MES Moving of Inputs Outputs MES enable success OPER1 OPER2 invalid source index OPER3 invlaid target index OPERI first source operand OPER2 number of octets to be transferred OPER3 first target operand Description This instruction is used to transfer data directly between memory and octet operands of the modules bus of input and output It is possible to do value readings of the bus octets value or writings on it according to the operands programmed in the instruction The operand in the first instruction cell OPER1 is the origin operand which content will be moved to the dest
99. gramming mode loading the Module C and returning to execution mode Functioning errors can occur altering the configuration of the operands and sending the Module C with the controller into execution mode 35 2 Programming Language After a certain number of successive loads in execution mode however it can be necessary the compaction of the RAM memory for reasons explained in the section Managing Programming Project Modules in this chapter This type of loading is only possible if there is enough free memory in the PLC for storing in the module to be sent At the end of the depuration of a program module its transfer is suggested to the FLASH EPROM memory or its recording in the EPROM cartridge freeing the space available in the RAM memory of the program Cycling Mode The execution of the programming project in cycling mode is useful in the verification of the functioning of quick brakes in the applications program The other depuration facilities continue acting in the same way as in the execution mode monitoring forcing loading and other operations with modules In cycling mode the operand values remain constants among the cycles except the input points which continue being continually updated showing their real values Managing Programming Project Modules The modules which make up the applications program are independent among themselves not needing the connection link through the auxiliary programs
100. h subdivision of point SXXXX X or If the inputs enable or disable will be enabled the point specified by the value contained in the memory operand OPER1 is connected or disconnected if there is a limit for OPER2 and OPER3 in the addresses areas For example if these operands correspond to S0003 3 and S0004 5 respectively this instruction only acts for the elements of 9050003 3 to 9050003 7 and from 50004 5 If the relay or help pointed at memory index is outside defined limits for defined limits for the parameters of the second and third cells the output invalid superior index or invalid inferior index is connected The output of the first cell is enabled if any one of the inputs connect or disconnect is powered and the access is correctly carried out If the inputs remain disabled all the outputs of the instruction remain turned off If both the inputs are powered simultaneously no operation is carried out and all the outputs are turned off In OPERI a value which specifies the required point should be loaded to connect or disconnect according to the following formula VALUE OPERI OCTET 8 POINT For example if 50010 5 is the point requires to be connected indirectly then e OCTET 10 POINT 5 e VALUE OPERI 10 8 5 85 The value to be loaded in OPERI is 85 109 3 Instructions References Syntax WARNING This instruction allows the points o
101. have its value modified in any other point of the application program for the proper working of the LTH Consequently each new instruction ECH LTH ECR or LTR added to the application program must use a D operand different from the others This operand cannot be retentive Through LTH individual operand values or set of operands values can be transferred being possible to program up to 6 different reading communications in the same instruction The programming of LTH instruction is identical to LTR observing the same restrictions The only difference is that this instruction is used in Ethernet networks 142 3 Instructions References LAH Free Updating of Operand Images to Ethernet enable 4 copy Description The instruction free updating of operand images carries out the processing of hanging communications from Ethernet network to local PLC Upon returning to the processing of executive software in the end of each verification the PLC processes the reading requests and other services that have been requested to it for other PLCs present in the network during the execution of the application program The programmable controller has a memory area reserved for the storage of up to 32 communications received during the execution loop of the applicatory program while executive software does not process it If the application program have relatively high time of execution and the programmable controller rece
102. he applications program will be loaded the period of calling of the modules activated for interruption and the maximum time of the scan cycle These parameters are declared in the editing window of Module C For more information about how to configure the general parameters check MasterTool XE Manual Declaration of the Parameters of the ALNET I Network specifies the several parameters necessary for the functioning of communication in ALNET I Network These parameters are configured in the editing window of Module C For further information regarding how to configure parameters of ALNET I check MasterTool XE Manual Declaration of the Parameters of the ALNET II Network specifies the various parameters necessary for the functioning of communication in ALNET II network for the programmable controllers which allow its use These parameters are configured in the editing window of Module C For further information regarding how to configure parameters of Ethernet check MasterTool XE Manual 22 2 Programming Language e Declaration of the Parameters of the Ethernet Network specifies the various parameters necessary for the functioning of communication in Ethernet network for the programmable controllers which allow its use These parameters are configured in the editing window of Module C For further information regarding how to configure parameters of Ethernet check MasterTool XE Manual e Declaration of the Parameters of the Synchron
103. he deactivated instruction In case of invalid indirect access to the second operand of the instruction the output no limit is powered WARNING With the input enable deactivated the output no limit always remains powered also when the instruction is in a command passage through the instruction RM master relay Due to this care should be taken not to carry out unrequired enabling i Example CON 35M0000 95 KM 00010 In this case when a pulse is generated in the increment input the counter value inside the memory M0000 rises from a unity For that the active input must always be powered While the counting does not reaches the limit stipulated 00010 the output non limit remains abled When the counting reaches its limit the output non limit is enabled and the limit output is powered It is necessary to turn off the active input and turn it on again to reinitialize the counter and start a new counting 92 3 Instructions References Syntax Invalid Oper1 Input not active Oper2 Invalid or negative Without transition Oper2 Invalid or negative transition superior limit Legends T transition nT not transition x don t care Inval invalid Lim limit NL not limit Inc increments OPER1 M OPER2 KM Table 3 34 Syntax of CON instruction Truth Table valid only for the PO3x47 Input gt x x x nT
104. he division will be shown in the operand M0002 with the value 1 and in the operand 0003 the value 1 will be shown which is the remainder of the division If it is carried out normally the copy output of the enter will also be enabled and in case there is division by zero the output with the same name will be unabled OPERI OPER2 OPER3 4 KM PKM M M 91 91 1 KI 901 1 1 2 4 KM KM M M M 77 3 Instructions References OPERI OPER2 OPER3 OPER4 KF KF M NU KM KM F F NU M M I NU OPERI OPER2 OPER3 OPER4 KF KF KM KM I I M M OPERI OPER2 OPER3 OPER4 KM KM M M KI KI M M I I Table 3 21 Syntax of DIV instruction NU Operating not used for the instruction being able to be informed any declared address of operating in the CP 78 3 Instructions References AND And Binary between operands AND enable Input copy OPER1 OPER2 first operand OPER2 second operand OPER3 result Description This instruction carries out the operation and binary between the first two operands storing the result in the third The operation is carried out point between the operands The table to follow shows the possible combinations of the and point to point operation Point OP
105. he execution of an applications program Identifying an Operand through Address The identification and use of an operand through its address is characterized through character as first character of the name The rest of the name used should follow the rules for formatting the address of operands The format of each operand can be seen in the section Identification of Simple Operands and in the subsequent sections in this same chapter Identification of an Operand through Tag The identification and use of an operand through its tag is characterized through use of a name with up to 25 characters alphanumeric which can be attributed to any operand except constants This name represents the operand in the processes of programming monitoring purifying and documentation of an applications program ATTENTION The MasterTool XE does not allow the use of Tags for operands of the constant type 7KM KD KF or KI E g Attribution of the tag CONT1 to the operand M0000 Whenever the operand M0000 needs to be used in the editing of the applications program its tag CONTI can be used ATTENTION The choice of the tag name for the operand should reflect at the most the function which the contents of the operand execute in the applications program E g TANK 1 stores the volume of tank 1 ATTENTION The identification of an operand through its address can always be done as the whole operand has an address The identi
106. he module must be declared in Module C of the new project 27 2 Programming Language The available operands in the programmable controller are of common use to all the programming project modules present in the PLC global operands Consequently any two modules can be inadvertently accessing the same operand with errors occurring in the functioning of both To elaborate a programming project operands should be reserved in a sufficient number for the project preferably separated in groups each group used for only one module The operands used in Modules F programmed in language of relays and blocks can also be accessed for any other program modules present in the PLC even operands used in the parameter passing To guarantee its generic character each Module F should use a different group of operands from the ones used in the applications program Using of the Module P and F Inside a programming project module the instructions can be placed to call other modules The instructions CHP and CHF call respectively the modules of procedure and function They carry out the management of modules calls verifying the existence or not of the modules in the directory of the programmable controller based on their types and numbers In the PLC AL 2004 there are 32 levels of calling so can be executed up to 32 consecutive callings of modules without finalizing anyone Should be considered that the module E018 if it exists and the modules called
107. he operands E S and A These operands use four bytes of memory 32 bits storing the value in the format BCD each digit occupies 4 bits with signal according to following figure 12 2 Programming Language 11 value BCD S bit of arithmetic signal 0 positive 1 negative Figure 2 13 Decimal operand format Examples 010041 decimal 41 D0023b2 octet 2 of the decimal 23 D0059n6 nibble 6 of the memory 59 D0172hA point 10 of the word 1 of the memory 172 Limits e Minimum 9999999 e Maximum 9999999 F Operands Reals The formats of the F operands can be seen on the following figure OIN real operand 32 points E real word 16 points 0 to w1 KXXX real octet 8 points 10 to b3 gt 1 real nibble 4 points nO to n7 Xx point word 0 1 point 0 to F x point on word 1 1 point hO to hF subdivision address subdivision type operand address Figure 2 14 F operands format The quantity of real operands is configurable in the configuration module declaration being the maximum limit depending on the PLC model being used check section Declaration of Operands in this same chapter The F operands are used to the numeric processing storing values in 32 bits with floating point simple precision and signal as IEEE 754 These operands use four bytes of memory 32 bits storing the value as in the following figure s E E
108. her Technical Support centers check our website http www altus com br or send e mail to altus altus com br In case of the equipment being already installed provide the following information upon contacting us MasterTool Extended Edition s software version Key version of MasterTool Extended Edition software Equipment s revision and the version of the executive software on the side label on the equipment when the support refers to dispositive communication e The contents of the applicative program modules Windows operating system version as well as the service pack of the computer where the software is being executed Warning Messages used in this Manual In this manual warning messages will have those formats and meanings DANGER indicates a risk to life production serious harm to people or that substantial material or environmental damage may happen it the necessary precautions are not taken WARNING Indicates configuration application and installation details that must be followed to avoid situations that can cause system errors and related consequences ATTENTION Indicates important configuration application or installation details to obtain the maximum performance of the system 2 Programming Language 2 Programming Language Programmable controllers came to replace relay control panels In this context a programming language which approaches it more from the experience of tech
109. ied Connection enable NEG inverted input LGV Vertical Connection Description The connections are auxiliary elements on the construction of the relays diagram to connect other instructions The denied connection inverts the logic status of its input 144 4 Glossary 4 Glossary General Glossary Active CPU Jumpers Algorithm Altus Relay and Blocks Language Application Program Arrestor Assembly Language Backup CPU Bit BT Bus Byte C Module Commercial Code Commissioning Configuration Module CPU Diagnostic E2PROM E Module Encoder EPROM ER ESD Execution Module Firmware FLASH EPROM F Module FMS Function Module Hardkey Hardware Module Subsystem IEC 61131 In a redundant system is the CPU that is controlling the system reading the inputs executing the application program and activating the outputs Small connector to shortcut pins located on a circuit board Used to set addresses or configuration Finite and well defined sequence of instructions with the goal to solve problems Set of rules conventions and syntaxes used when building an application program to run in an Altus PLC Program downloaded into the PLC and has the instructions that define how the machinery or process will work Lightning protection device using inert gases Microprocessor programming language it is also known as machine language In a redundant system it is the CPU su
110. ified on the bus declaration achieved on MasterTool XE The address to be programmed in OPER2 can be obtained directly through MasterTool XE The conversion is only achieved if the input enable is powered If OPER2 is specified with subdivision of the point type RXXXX X the conversion is achieved from the declared operand in OPERI to the module channel that corresponds to the point The points 0 to 3 of the operand correspond to channels 0 to 3 of the module respectively If OPER2 is specified as 4 channel conversion the value to be converted are obtained from the declared memory in OPERI and 3 subsequent memories The available modules to achieve the D A conversion are shown bellow The converted value by the instruction belong to a module related to the characteristic of each module Voltage Output Module Resolution Normalization Band AL 1203 10 bits Not Used 0000 to 1000 AL 1214 10 bits Not Used 0000 to 1000 AL 1222 12 bits Off 0000 to 4000 AL 1222 12 bits On 2000 to 2000 Table 3 46 Instruction D A Voltage output Current Output Module Resolution Normalization Band AL 1203 10 bits Not Used 0000 to 1000 AL 1214 10 bits Not Used 0000 to 1000 AL 1222 11 bits Off 0000 to 4000 Table 3 47 Instruction D A Current output The converted value of AL 1222 depend on the input normalize that converts symmetric values when powered It becomes useful when working with
111. ination operand specified in the third cell OPER3 OPER 2 defines the octets number to be transferred from the first origin and destination specified WARNING The octets number to be transferred is limited in 255 If a constant is programmed in the first cell writing of values on the bus its value is moved to all bus octets specified by the second and third cell operands Whenever the input enable is on one of the instruction outputs is powered according to the following rules The output invalid source index is powered in 3 situations e Ifthe transfers number specified in OPER2 is negative zero more than the maximum octets number jon the PLC bus used reading on the bus or the configurated memory limit writing on the bus e Ifthe first reading position is more than the maximum octet number the PLC bus used M R programmed in OPER1 e The first memory address to be written is negative or more than the last memory address configurated programado em OPER1 The output invalid target index is powered when e The transfers number specified in OPER2 is more than the memory limit configured reading on the bus or the maximum octets number on the PLC bus used writing on the bus The first written position is more than the maximum octets number on the PLC bus used 7M R programmed in OPER3 e The first memory address to be read is negative or more than the last memory address configurated programado em
112. ing FLASH Compacting Table 2 3 Braking of commands in the PLC Uploading module Operation on PLC Blocked Command ALNET I ALNETII Enable Signal R Modules Uploading Legend CR Compacting RAM Modules Uploading C Transference from EPROM to RAM Transference from RAM to FLASH Asking Modles Uploading Erasing FLASH Compacting Table 2 4 Braking of commands in the PLC Compacting RAM For example while a module is being loaded into the PLC through ALNET I or ALNET II the commands for loading modules transfer from EPROM to RAM transfers from RAM to FLASH requesting to load modules re enabling of modules in EPROM erasing of FLASH EPROM and compaction not be possible to execute if they are received through another network If they are received through PLC a reply indicating that their execution is impossible is transmitted to the applicant 42 3 Instructions References 3 Instructions References This chapter gives a list of integral instructions of the ALTUS Language of Diagrams and Relays describing the format use syntax and gives examples of each instruction Instructions List The ALTUS PLCs use the language of relays and blocks to elaborate the applications program whose main advantage apart from its graphic representation is being similar to the conventional diagrams of relays The programming of this language carried out through MasterTool XE uses a group of powerful instructions shown
113. ing Retentive Operands on MasterTool XE Manual ATTENTION A minimal quantity of memory operands M able to have the diagnostic bytes used on the bus modules should be declared The reserve of the operands M 901 and D is carried out in blocks of 256 bytes In case of memory operands this quantity corresponds to 128 operands In decimal operands it corresponds to 64 operands The operands TM TI TF and TD are declared informing the number of necessary tables for each type and the number of positions which each table contains It is possible to define up to 255 tables in total and up to 255 positions for each table respecting the limit of RAM memory of the operands The following table shows the memory space used for each type of operands and where its values are stored 17 2 Programming Language ES C Table 2 2 Memory and localization of operands Retentive Operands Retentive Operands are operands which have their values preserved when the PLC is turned OFF disconnected The operands non retentive have their value zeroed at the moment the programmable controller is disconnected All the table operands are always retentive It is possible to configure the number of operands M memory 901 Integer F real D decimal 905 output and A auxiliary retentive The input operands E are retentives When these operands are associated a local bus module their
114. into programming logics The format of an application program logic used on PLCs of the series AL 2000 PONTO PX e GRANO allows up to eight elements in series and up to four ways in parallel The instructions are used to execute determined tasks through readings and or alterations of the operands value The operands identify different types of variables and constants used in the elaboration of an applications program being able to have its value changed according to the program carried out An example of variables is points of E S and memory counters Each component element of the applications program is explained in detail in the following sections The word logic refers to a programming matrix made up of 32 cells matrix elements arranged in four lines 0 to 3 and 8 columns 0 to 7 Instructions can be placed in each one of these cells being possible to program up to 32 instructions in the same logic 2 Programming Language Each logic presented to the program simulates a short part of a real diagram of relays The following figure shows the format of a logic of the applications program maximum sequence of 8 colurnns 1 2 3 4 5 o maximum 1 4 parallel lines 2 2 left energy bar right energy bar Figure 2 1 Logic format The two lateral lines of the logic represent energy bars in which the instructions to be executed are placed Symbolic instructions typically found in diagrams contacts
115. ion security when the applications program is used directly in the machine the enabling of output by the programmable controller can be disabled through the disable command The application program continues to be executed in the PLC with the verification of the inputs and calculation of the output values however with all the output points kept deactivated The operands S can be monitored and checked in their values WARNING If the PLC is turned off the disabling of the points of output is removed That is to say when the PLC is turned on again the status of the memory operands will normally be transferred to the end of each verification for the points of output The disabling should be used in temporary form only to help the depuration of the programming project Modifications in the Program Program Modifications The loading of the modules during the execution of the programming project loading on line makes possible successive modifications and messages from the module in the depuration for the programmable controller In this mode it is not necessary even to reinitialize the control application program or to change the status from programmable controller to each alteration carried out in a module WARNING After any modification carried out in Module C of the programming project it should be sent If the declaration of the simple operands or tables is modified it is advisable to reinitialize the PLC passing to pro
116. irect access of the operand is not possible invalid index the output success is not enabled ATTENTION The comparing of decimal operands and real operands is not allowed ATTENTION See considerations and examples shown in the following section Instructions of Comparison of Operands Check examples of use of this instruction in Instructions for Comparing Operands Equals Less than and More than OPER1 5 M D 1 PKM KD PKI M E M S M M M I Table 3 31 Syntax of CAR instruction 85 3 Instructions References ATTENTION If in the case an instruction CAR will be qualified and soon after of this one another indexed instruction CAR with operating invalid instruction CAR remains with the previously loaded value exactly if a new instruction CAR will be set in motion with operating invalid The comparison instructions will be executed instruction CAR after to have been executed contrary case the comparison instructions will not return true If to place instructions of comparation in module E000 and a CAR in module E001 the instruction of comparison will not be executed after the POWER ON command only after change the mode programming execution 86 3 Instructions References Instructions of Comparison of Operands Equals Greater and Lesser enable EU i doa register operand enable lt register lt oper
117. is enabled If the value of the second operand is negative or greater than the last position defined for the table or if the third operand indirectly to reference a table is not specified the transfer of the contents is not carried out and the output destination index invalid is enabled 59 3 Instructions References This instruction simplifies the programming of a series of algorithms involving decodifications sequencings generating of curves storing and comparison of values among others Example MOT 96 000 00003 5 0 100 In this example value of position 70KM00003 of table TM0000 will be transferred to the memory 0100 Syntax Read Write OPERI OPER2 OPER3 OPERI OPER2 OPER3 KM TM KM M M KM TM M TM M M M M M M M TM 1 2 OPER3 1 2 KD TD KM D D KM TD M TD M M D M D M M TD 1 OPER2 OPER3 OPERI OPER2 KM KM M M F M F M OPERI OPER2 OPER3 OPERI OPER2 OPER3 KI TI KM I I KM TI M TI M M I M I M M TI Table 3 11 Syntax of MOT instruction Truth Table valid only for the PO3x47 Truth Table of instruction MOT Reading of table content Input Output Inval lt 0 ou gt Inval Inv Inv tam x Instruction not Enable Lx x f unchan
118. ism Network specifies the various parameters necessary for the functioning of communication in synchronism network for the programmable controllers which allow its use These parameters are configured in the editing window of Module C For further information regarding how to configure parameters of Ethernet check MasterTool XE Manual Extended Module C Configuration These modules have configurations of determined characteristics of the PLCs This modules are totally controlled by the user it should be created and erased as the need of the user It is due to the fact that the amount of this type of module varies according to each application may not have any to be up 7 modules C003 to C009 For further information see MasterTool XE Manual Modulo E Execution The modules E contain passages of the applications program being called for execution through executive software These are different Modules E differing from each other through the way they are called for execution according to their number Types of Modules E e E000 Initialization Module is executed once when the PLC is turned on or in the passage of programming for execution mode with MasterTool before the cyclical execution of Module E001 E001 Sequential Module of Applications Program contains the main passage of the applications program being executed cyclically e E018 Module Enabled for Time Interruption the passage of applications program pla
119. it will not be possible to send it to the PLC The CHF instruction differing from the CHP allows the parameters passage to the function module called It can be done in two different manners a function module distributed by Altus or a function mode done by the user If it is a module distributed by Altus and which has a standard form to be filled in it is not necessary to define the amount of input and output parameters In this case upon clicking on Input or Output buttons a screen correspondent to the called module will be opened to the edition of parameters as the following example 120 3 Instructions References x F DIAG 015 Input Parameters Description Table with the diagnostics of the network slave modules Address of the slave PROFIBUS 0 System diagnostics of the slaves on the network Modules diagnostics of the slaves on the network Address of the Main Master Interface PROFIBUS Address of the Redundant Master Interface PROFIBUS i TMDOD 000 to TM000 074 2 0000 to 0039 Configure 0001 to M0100 ARE Help S amp M0002 M0003 Figure 3 16 Edition of a patterned function module In this mode in the edition of the parameters it is informed what is allowed and what is not through a friendly interface Besides some of the modules provided by Altus also can have more of one mode of configuration And each mode has a different quantity of input paramet
120. ith high time of cycle having to be inserted in intermediate points of the modules dividing in parts with approximately 20 ms of execution time WARNING The values of the application program operands can be modified after the execution of a LAI as another equipment plugged to the net can request to write on it It must be considered the influence of this fact if inserting this instruction in the application program ATTENTION This instruction can only be used in PLCs AL 2004 140 3 Instructions References ECH Writing of Operands in Another PLC to Ethertnet enable busy IP OPER1 IP IP address of remote controller OPERI operand of instruction control Description This instruction carries out the writing of operand values of the controller where it is being executed in operands present in other PLCs through Ethernet communication net To its use it is necessary that the controller that executes it is connected to other PLCs through Ethernet Through ECH individual operand values or set of operands values can be transferred being possible to program up to 6 different communications in the same instruction To program the instruction the IP address of the destination programmable controller that will receive the written values must be declared In OPERI a decimal operand D must be declared to be used for the instruction in the control of its processing WARNING The operand D prog
121. itialization of PLCs with programs containing serious programming errors For example a module with an infinite execution loop programmed with an instruction for jumping to a previous logic provokes the enabling of the PLCs watch dog circuit that is always connected after initialization status Executing the previous procedure straight after being turned on the PLC passes to the programming status after initializing allowing the erasing or the substitution of the program Execution Status normally the programmable controller is found in this status continually scanning the input points and updating the output points according to the logic programmed This status shows that the PLC is executing an applications program correctly Programming Status The application program is not executed when there is no reading of the input points then the outputs are deactivated and the PLCs memory compacted The PLC remains non operating waiting for commands from MasterTool XE This mode is normally used to load programming project modules for MasterTool XE through the serial channel At the passing for execution or cycling status starting from the programming status the operands are zeroed Cycling Status when in cycling mode the programmable controller does not execute the module E001 cyclically and waits for the commands from MasterTool XE Each command execute cycle 25 2 Programming Language activated in MasterTool options Communicatio
122. ives many service requests of the net can occur the situation that the PLC can not take care of it arriving at the limit of 32 hanging communications waiting for processing In this case the PLC returns a reply to the one that requests indicating the impossibility to take care of its communication The LAH instruction executes the hanging processing of receptions and transmissions in the PLC diminishing the possibility of occurrence of the previously described situation and reducing the attendance time to the solicitations Its use is recommended in application programs with high time of cycle having to be inserted in intermediate points of the modules dividing in parts with approximately 20 ms of execution time WARNING The values of the application program operands can be modified after the execution of a LAH as another equipment plugged to the net can request to write on it It must be considered the influence of this fact if inserting this instruction in the application program 143 3 Instructions References Instructions of the Connections Group The Instructions of the connection group allow the constructions of series and parallel ways as well as the inversion of the signal Name Description Edition Sequence LGH Horizontal Connection Alt L H NEG Denied Connection Alt L N LGV Vertical Connection Alt L V Table 3 62 Instructions of the connections group LGH Horizontal Connection NEG Den
123. ld be specified with the subdivision of point 7SXXXX X or If the input enable is powered the status of the relay or auxiliary specified for the value contained in the memory index OPER1 is examined According to whether they are or 0 the output answer is connected or not The point indexed by memory is tested if it is in the area of addresses limited for OPER2 and OPER3 For example if these operands corresponds to 9050003 3 and S0004 5 respectively this instruction only acts for the elements of S0003 3 to 9050003 7 and from 9050004 0 to 9050004 5 If the relay or auxiliary pointed at the memory index is outside the limits defined by the parameters of the second and third cells the output invalid superior limit or invalid inferior limit is connected the output of the first cell disconnected This verification is only carried out at the moment when the input enable is powered The calculation of the value to be stored in the first operand to reference of the required point is the same specified in the instruction LDI Example TEI 96 35 0000 0 0000 1 If operand 0000 has value 1 test will be done in the operand E0000 1 is active not If M0000 has 0 value the tested operand will be E0000 0 111 3 Instructions References Syntax 1 OPER2 OPER3 M E EXXXX X EXXXX X 1 OPER2 OPER3 M S SXX
124. ler is initially with the following modules Start C000 Figure 2 31 Compaction of RAM memory If Module P010 is removed from the PLC the bank 0 will have the following organization Bank 0 End Start Figure 2 32 Compaction of RAM memory 2 The space previously occupied by 10 is not taken advantage of by the programmable controller since the loading of a new module is only possible after the last module E001 After carrying out the compaction of the PLC s memory bank 0 passes to the following configuration 37 2 Programming Language Bank 0 End E001 Start C000 Figure 2 33 Compaction of RAM memory 3 The Modules E018 and E001 are transferred to the space previously occupied by Module P010 making this space available to the end of the memory of the bank for loading the other module If the programmable controller is in programming mode or cycling the RAM memory banks of the program are automatically kept compacted by the executive program In execution mode however the compaction should be enabled through MasterTool XE Communication Modules Compact RAM from the main menu This procedure is common when different loadings of modules in execution mode are carried out loads line typically when a module is being purified needing successive alterations and transmissions for the PLC WARNING Depending on the location of the modules in memory the procedure for compaction can increase
125. ly discarded Therefore it is recommended that whenever discarding this type of product it should be forwarded to recycling plants which guarantee proper waste management It is essential to read and understand the product documentation such as manuals and technical characteristics before its installation or use The examples and figures presented in this document are solely for illustrative purposes Due to possible upgrades and improvements that the products may present Altus assumes no responsibility for the use of these examples and figures in real applications They should only be used to assist user trainings and improve experience with the products and their features Altus warrants its equipment as described in General Conditions of Supply attached to the commercial proposals Altus guarantees that their equipment works in accordance with the clear instructions contained in their manuals and or technical characteristics not guaranteeing the success of any particular type of application of the equipment Altus does not acknowledge any other guarantee directly or implied mainly when end customers are dealing with third party suppliers The requests for additional information about the supply equipment features and or any other Altus services must be made in writing form Altus is not responsible for supplying information about its equipment without formal request COPYRIGHTS Ponto Series MasterTool PX Series Quark ALNET
126. mmable controllers ATTENTION This instruction can only be used in the AL 2004 139 3 Instructions References LAI Free Updating of Operand Images enable 4 LAI F input Description The instruction LAH carries through the processing of the hanging communications of the ALNETII net for the local PLC When returning for the processing of executive software on each verification end the PLC processes the solicitations of reading and other services that have been requested to it by other PLCs in the net during the execution of the application program The programmable controller has a memory area reserved for the storage of up to 32 communications received during the execution loop of the applicatory program while executive software does not process it If the application program have relatively high time of execution and the programmable controller receives many service requests of the net can occur the situation that the PLC cannot take care of it arriving at the limit of 32 hanging communications waiting for processing In this case the PLC returns a reply to the one that requests indicating the impossibility to take care of its communication The LAI instruction executes the hanging processing of receptions and transmissions in the PLC diminishing the possibility of occurrence of the previously described situation and reducing the attendance time to the solicitations Its use is recommended in application programs w
127. mmunications are carried out even if the enabling input is not powered When all the writings are completed the next ECR or LTR instruction found in the application program with the enable input powered becomes active starting to process its communications WARNING The application program can neither carry out jumps on the active ECR instruction nor stop executing the module that contains it to assure its correct processing In an application program being executed in the PLC only one instruction of access to ALNET II network ECR or LTR is considered active even if some other instructions with input enable exist The busy output determines what is the active instruction being able to be used to synchronize the communications with the application program To prevent overloads in the traffic of information in the net it is advised turn on the ECR instructions periodically preventing to permanently keep its enabled in the applicatory program if possible A recommended procedure is disconnect the enable input after the busy output is powered preventing a new enabling of the instruction after its ending The priority ECR does not follow the processing order of the non priority ECRs being processed transmitting their data as fast as possible upon being enabled For this reason a priority ECR must not be permanently enabled and should be used only in alarm situations or periodically or it can prevent the other program ECRs from carr
128. mode of operation except error mode The values of the operands contained in a logic of an applications program can be visualized directly in the PLC allowing the verification of its functioning For further information about how to carry out the monitoring c f items Monitoring Simple Operands Monitoring Table Operands and Monitoring Programs on the MasterTool XE User s Manual ATTENTION The monitoring of operands in the PLC occurs at the end of the execution cycle of the applications program Due to this incoherent situations can be visualized in the monitoring of the logics if the values of the operands are modified in the subsequent logics to be monitored 33 2 Programming Language Forcing psi y e Logic 000 Logic 000 Logic 001 Enf of the Scan Cycle Attending of the Communications Figure 2 30 Incoherent situation on logics monitoring 2 2M0000 0 0000 32 Request of Monitoration zM0000 0 2 M0000 32 Monitoration data The values of the operands can also be forced with MasterTool XE that is to say the content of any programming project operand can be modified The forcing of operands is permitted in any operating mode The forcing of operands is permitted in any operating mode except error mode The operands 96M 96D 901 TM TD 96 TI and TF have their value altered only for one verification straight after command has been sent to the PLC
129. mple coils connect or disconnect the operand point according to the enabling line while the of type connected and of type disconnected only connect or disconnect Operands when the line is powered set reset These instructions can only be positioned in column 7 of the logic Example 96 0005 7 In the case above while coil is powered in 005 7 it will have logic value 1 If not its value will be 0 96 0005 7 In this case at moment coil is powered operand A0005 7 will have logic value 1 It will remain in this status even if the connection coil is not powered 96A0005 7 In this coil at the moment the coil is powered the operand 0005 7 will have logic value 0 It will remains in this status even if the disconnection coil is not powered Syntax OPERI PSXXXX X MXXXX X DXXXX X DXXXXhX Table 3 3 Sintax of the BOB BBL and BBD instructions 46 3 Instructions References SLT Jump Coil KM 00000 Description Example The instruction jump coil serves as a controller of execution sequence of an applications program being used to divert its processing to a determined logic Its operand is a constant which determines the number of logics to be jumped starting with the powering of the coil the determining of the logic destination is carried out by the sum of the constant which accompanies the instruction with the number of the logic where it is found When
130. n Status Execute Cycle starting from the main menu or equivalent shortcut starts one single scan of the applications program Module E001 the PLC remains waiting for a new command after executing the scan When the PLC passes to cycled mode the counting of time in the timer stops being the same increments of one unit of time for each two scans executed The calls to the module of external interruption E020 are not carried out in this mode The Module E020 activated through the input of external interruption continues being called in this mode Error Status shows there was some anomaly in the PLC during the processing of the programming project The type of error occurring can be checked through the dialogue box options Communication Status Information starting from the main menu while the PLC is in this status It is only possible to leave the error status passing the programmable controller to programming mode In normal conditions the programmable controller can be in the modes of execution programming and cycling these modes being enabled through the MasterTool XE commands options Execution Programming and Cycling in the dialogue box Status or their shortcut equivalents in the Tool Bar In the event of some functional error in these modes the PLC passes to error status The recovery of error mode is only possible by passing the programmable controller to programming mode The next figure shows the possibilities for changing status
131. n in generic form allowing parameter passing to the 21 2 Programming Language module called in this way they can be used again in various different applications programs They are similar to instructions being able to be called for modules of execution procedure or function F000 to F228 Module C Configuration Module C contains the configuration parameters of the PLCs Its creation is a pre requisite for editing other modules of the MasterTool XE programming project The definition of the parameters contained in module C is carried out through the editing window of module C For further details regarding how to configure in module C check MasterTool XE Manual There is only one module C per programming project having as its number 000 Contents of a module C Declaration of the Bus of E S modules specifies the configuration of the E S modules to be used in the programmable controller indicating the distribution of these modules and special modules in the PLCs bus The declaration of the modules defines in this way the number of points and the E S addresses to be used in applications program The declaration takes place in the editing window of module C For further information about how to configure the bus check MasterTool XE Manual Declaration of Operands specifies the number of simple operands and tables of operands which will be used in the programming project within each available type It also allows the defini
132. nd or decimal operand The instruction is programmed in the following way OPERI specifies the address of the table to be read e OPER2 specifies the position KM to be read or the memory M which contains this position OPER3 specifies where the contents of the table position should be transferred to If the first operand to reference a table indirectly is not specified or if the value of the second operand is negative or greater than the last position defined for the table the transfer is not carried out or the output origin index invalid is enabled If the third operand to indirectly reference an operand is not declared the transfer is not carried out and the output destination index invalid is enabled When both operands are invalids the output origin index invalid is enabled The output success is enable when the moving was finished with successful Writing values into table It allows a constant value or the contents of a memory operand or decimal operand to be written into a table position The instruction is programmed in the following way e OPERI specifies the origin operand e OPER2 specifies the position KM to be written in the table or the memory 96M which contains this position e OPER3 specifies the address of the table where the contents are transferred If the first operand indirectly references an undeclared the transfer of the contents is not carried out and the output origin index invalid
133. negative values is necessary for example on the voltage band 10 There is no normalization to the modules AS 1203 and AL 1214 only to AL 1222 However the normalization is only possible to the operation on the voltage mode WARNING In CORRENTE mode the input normalize must not be powered 106 3 Instructions References Example Syntax AL 1222 can work with its 4 outputs in voltage or current mode or both modes simultaneously The selection on the operation point is made by the user through addressing programming of the module on OPER2 If RXXXX is even converts current If SRXXXxX is odd converts voltage If the module is placed on the address R0024 on the bus and the instruction is programmed with 76R0024 the AL 1222 will work in current mode If it is programmed with 6R0025 it will work on voltage mode WARNING The instruction cannot be jumped during the execution of the applications program or the value can be shown not correctly The output error of the instruction is activated in the following situations e Declared module on the bus is not valid to the instruction it is not one of the modules listed before e Try to access non declared operands OPERI OPER2 70M RXXXX Table 3 48 Syntax of D A instruction 107 3 Instructions References Instructions of the General Group The general group instructions allow the testing and enabling of poi
134. nicians and engineers would be a more adequate solution for the development of PLCs applications programs Because of that the available instructions for construction of the applications in MasterTool XE are programmed in a language of relays and blocks very similar to language of electrical contacts and bobbins used in the description of the relay control panels The main advantage of using this type of language is its quick learning since it is very much like conventional electrical outlines The accompaniment and verification of the functioning of an application program is similar to the electrical outline with the advantage of visualizing the status of the contacts and bobbins in the MasterTool XE window This chapter describes the language of Altus relays and blocks detailing the language elements module structures of an application program and the function of each module Upon the reading this chapter it will be possible to structure an application program as well as do the configurations of PLCs Elements of Programming Logics An application program is made up of 4 basic elements e Modules e Logics Instructions e Operands An applications program is composed by several modules allowing a better structure for the routines according to its functions The modules are programmed in the language of relays following the global tendency for normalization in this area A module of an application program is divided
135. ning off its enabling input The instruction TED has two operands The first OPER1 specifies the accumulated memory of the time count The second operand OPER2 shows the maximum time to be accumulated The time count is carried out in tenths of seconds that is to say each unit increased in OPERI corresponds to 0 1 seconds While the input enable is powered and the input stop turned off the operand OPERI is increased by each tenth of a second When OPERI is greater than or equal to OPER2 the output Q is turned off and Q powered OPERI keeping the same value as OPER2 The output Q always powered when the input enable is powered and OPERI is less than OPER2 Enabling the input Stop there is an interruption in the time count while disabling the input enable the time of the accumulator is zeroed and the output Q is disabled If OPER2 is negative or the indirect access is invalid OPERI is zeroed and the output Q is powered The logic status of output Q is exactly the opposite of the output if the instruction is deactivated WARNING With the input enable deactivated the output always remains powered the same when the instruction is in a passage commanded by instruction RM master relay Due to this care should be taken not to carry out unrequired enabling in the logi Diagram of Times enable block e Y time H _ Jd L s L Figure 3 12 Diagram of times from TED instruction 99 3 Inst
136. ns e Professional programming software that contains the necessary tools for all Altus PLCs lines e Advanced programming software with tools for bigger applications Each version has characteristics ends and functions specific for each purpose Details about the differences among them can be seen in MasterTool Extended Edition manual Documents Related to this Manual To obtain additional information about MasterTool Extended Edition other documents can be consulted manuals and technical characteristics Those documents can be found on http www altus com br We suggest the following documents for additional information MT8000 Technical Characteristics MasterTool Extended Edition s Manual MasterTool Extended Edition s ST Programming Manual MasterTool ProPonto MT6000 Manual 1 Introduction Visual Inspection Before proceed the installation it is recommendable to make a careful visual inspection of the material verifying if it does not have damages caused for the transport Verities if all the CD ROMs are in perfect state In case of defects informs the company or the nearer Altus deliver It is important to register the serial number of each equipment received as well the revisions of software in case it exists This information will be necessary in case of need to contact the Altus technician support Technical Support For contacting Altus Technical Support in S o Leopoldo RS call 55 51 3589 9500 For ot
137. nstruction or editing it a list of procedure modules in the project will be opened as in the figure bellow jy CHP Call Procedure Module X Call Procedure Module Select a Procedure module P of the project P ALARH 001 Alarm Monitor P TEST 002 Cancel Figure 3 13 List of modules that can be called by the CHP For selecting a mode click twice on the module required or select it on the list and click on OK button If the called module does not exist the output success is turned off and the execution continues normally after the instruction ATTENTION The module name is not considered by the PLC to the calling but only its number If there is a P module with the same number that was called but with a different name this module will be executed even so However MasterTool Extended Edition will warn error on the project verification and will not send it to the PLC 117 3 Instructions References Example When the instruction input of the CHP is powered the proceeding module P Alarm 001 will be called 118 3 Instructions References CHF Call Function Module CHF F XX Xxxx 001 KM 00000 Output F XXXXXX 000 name of the function module to be called 1 number of parameters to be sent OPER2 number of parameters to return Input list of parameters to be sent Output list of parameters to return Description The instruction the function Mod
138. nts indirectly implementations of status machines calls for procedures and functions and writing and reading of operands on ALNET II network o Sequence LDI TEI SEQ CHP CHE ECR LA Table 3 49 Instructions of general group 108 3 Instructions References LDI Enable Disable indexed points A EDI x enable enable or disable OPER1 disable OPER2 invalid inferior index OPER invalid superior index OPERI address of point to be connected or disconnected OPER2 address lower limit OPER3 address upper limit Description Example This instruction is used to connect or disconnect indexed points for a memory delimited by operands of upper and power limit The first operand specifies the memory whose contents reference the auxiliary operand input or output to be connected or disconnected It should be declared as the operand of indirect access to the operand E or O6MXXXX E or Even when the instruction is used to connect or disconnect points of output 905 the representation in this operand will be as indirect access to the input The second operand the address of the first valid output or auxiliary relay in the instruction It must be specified with subdivision of point CORXXXX X 7SXXXX X or The third operand specifies the address of the last output relay or valid help in the instruction It should be specified wit
139. o E020 must be added and this total must be less than the call period programmed to E018 avoiding mistakes of input in the execution of it The maximum number of call levels of the modules E001 E018 and E020 must also be added and the result must be less or equals to the maximum allowed number 32 levels Both modules must use exclusive operands observing the rules in the section Using of Operands in Programming Modules E018 and E020 in this same chapter Depuration of Programming Projects Various facilities are previewed in the programmable controller to help the depuration of the programming project being described as follow Information about the status of the PLC Various information about the status of the controller can be obtained with the enabling of the options Communication Status Information in MasterTool XE e PLC Model indicates the type of controller with which MasterTool XE is communicating 32 2 Programming Language e Version of Executive shows the number of the version of the executive program which the PLC contains e Mode of Operation shows the actual operation of the PLC execution programming cycling or error Error Warning Message if the PLC is in an error mode a message is shown indicating the cause of the error If the PLC is in any other mode a message indicates the existence of problems that do not cause the change to error mode for example the PC s battery is flat Check Mas
140. of the programmable controller to error mode for an excess of execution time of the applications program The same situation can occur with calls linked together between different modules when a module called changes to call some initial module of the chain For example if module P005 calls 02 this calls P007 and this calls 005 again the processing can remain in this loop if no calling instruction is disabled e Figure 2 27 Module call loop Use of Module E018 Module E018 should be used when quick processing is necessary for some points of input and output of the programmable controller like for example in sensoring the end limit in systems of quick positioning The instruction for updating the points of E S AES should be used in this case carrying out a similar process in module E018 to a complete loop of main program execution The inputs are read the passage of the applications program required is executed and the outputs are updated In this way this module makes itself useful when it requires a response from the operations of output after a fixed time of stimulating inputs do not depending on the verification time of the main program which can vary This characteristic is also important in position control Systems Another application for Module E018 15 the generation of time less than 100ms for the main program Timers can be created with precision of 50ms 10ms or less if necessary through the use of instruction
141. ogram the instruction it must be declared in the first and second cells OPER1 and OPER2 the node addresses of the programmable destination controller that will receive the written values Those operands are programmed as constant type memory KM and have the same address meaning of the ones configured on the options Communication Address Sub net and Communication Address Node The following table shows the possible values to node and sub net addresses Sub net Node Comunication Type 001 to 063 001 to 031 ALNET II with one node 064 XXX IP Address where xxx specifies other IP address in the same sub net 100 001to015 ALNET II with multicast groups in all sub nets 101 to 163 001 to 015 ALNET II with multicast group in one specified sP ALNET with broadcast to all sub nets NEN m ALNET II with broadcast to one specified sub net Table 3 58 Address of node and sub net The sub net address between the values 001 and 063 indicates that the communication is carried out by using the ALNETII networks and that it is designated to an only node indicated in the node option The sub net address 100 indicates that the communication is carried out by ALNETII network and designated to all nodes of all sub nets that belong to the multicast group specified on node option global multicast The sub net address 101 to 163 indicates that the communication is carried out by ALNETII network and designa
142. oint OPER1 Point OPER2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Example XOR M0000 KM 00015 MO001 In this example it is required to invert the points contained in the less significant nibble of 0000 saving the rest of the operand If M0000 contains 1612 0000011001001100 binary the result is 16603 0000011001000011 binary Decimal Binary 1612 00000110 01001100 content de 0000 15 XOR 00000000 00001111 value de KM 00015 1603 00000110 01000011 result em 0001 Table 3 29 Example of an XOR operation Therefore the decimal value 1603 is stored in M0001 Syntax OPER1 KM M OPER2 KM M OPER3 M 83 3 Instructions References OPERI OPER2 OPER3 9o KD 9o KD D D D OPERI OPER2 OPER3 KI KI I 1 I Table 3 30 Syntax of XOR instruction 84 3 Instructions References CAR Load Operand bio s OPER1 success OPERI operand to be loaded Description Example Syntax The instruction load operand carries the loading of the value of the operand specified in the special internal register in the PLC for the subsequent use of the instructions of comparison more than less than equals The operand remains loaded until the next instruction for loading being able to be used for different logics including subsequent scan cycles The output success is enabled if the loading is carried out If some ind
143. operands When enables is powered the value of the operand of the second cell is subtracted from the first cell The result is stored in the memory specified in the third cell The lines of output result gt 0 result 0 and the result 0 can be used for comparisons and are enabled according to the result of the subtraction If the input enable is not powered all the outputs are turned off and OPER3 remains unaltered If the result of the operation exceeds the greatest or smallest storable value in the operand the respective value limit is considered as the result When the destination operand of the instruction is an integer 76M and at least one of the other operands of the instructions is a real F the stored result will be truncated it means it is stored in the operand M only the integer part of the operation result SUB 0000 0001 0002 If the operand M has value 100 and operand 001 has value 34 after the enabled input is powered the value on the operand 0002 will be 66 and the output result gt 0 more than zero will be powered If the operand value 90 0000 is 1000 and 0001 is 1500 for example the output result lt 0 less than zero will be powered And finally if the operand value 0000 15 10 and 0001 is also 10 the output result 0 equals to zero will be enabled OPERI OPER2 OPER3 KD KD D D 74 3 Instructions References
144. pervising the active CPU It is not controlling the system but is ready to take control if the main CPU fails Basic information unit it may be at 1 or 0 logic level Battery test Set of electrical signals that are part of a logic group with the function of transferring data and control between different elements of a subsystem Information unit composed by eight bits See Configuration Module Product code formed by the letters PO and followed by four digits Final verification of a control system when the application programs of all CPUs and remote stations are executed together after been developed and verified individually Also referred to as C Module Unique module in a remote application program that carries several needed parameters for its operation such as the operands quantity and disposition of I O modules in the bus Central Processing Unit It controls the data flow interprets and executes the program instructions as well as monitors the system devices Procedures to detect and isolate failures It also relates to the data set used for such tasks and serves for analysis and correction or problems Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory Non volatile memory that may be electrically erased by the electronic circuit See Execution Module Normally refers to position measurement transducer Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory Memory for read only that may be erased and programmed out of the circuit The
145. rammed in OPERI cannot have its value modified in any other point of the application program for the proper working of the ECH Consequently each new instruction ECH LTH ECR or LTR added to the application program must use a D operand different from the others This operand cannot be retentive The ECH instruction has the same behavior and syntaxes of the ECR instruction related to control operand and edition of messages The basic difference is the net where the instruction works that in this case is Ethernet So for further details about how to use the operands of this instruction check ECR instruction 141 3 Instructions References LTH Reading of Operands from Another PLC to Ethernet enable EU busy IP OPER1 error IP endere o IP do controlador remoto OPERI operando de controle da instru o Description This instruction carries out the reading of operand values in other programmable controllers to operands of the programmable controller where it is being executed through Ethernet communication net To its use it is necessary that the PLC that executes it is connected to other PLCs through Ethernet To program the instruction the IP address of the destination programmable controller that will receive the written values must be declared In OPERI a decimal operand 900 must be declared to be used for the instruction in the control of its processing WARNING The operand D programmed in OPERI cannot
146. ramming Language If in the program of the previous example there were 256 operands M to be declared the value of M0009 should be between 0 and 255 so that the instruction will be executed correctly If the value is not in this band access will not be achieved Declaration of Operands The operands E S and A occupy their own memory areas permanently reserved in the PLC s microprocessor The number of these operands in the controllers therefore is constant The R operands do not occupy memory space being just addresses to the access to the buses For representing fixed values the constant operands 7KM KF KI and KD also do not occupy memory space being stored in the applications program in the programming stage There are no limits to the number of constant operands used in the program The amount of operands M 901 D TM TI and TF can be declared occupying an area of RAM memory proper of the PLC being used The following table shows the maximum memory capacity for the stocking of those operands in each controller The E S and A operands do not occupy this area The declaration of the operands is carried out through the editing window of the configuration module of MasterTool XE being stored in the configuration module The number of operands declared should be tailored to the maximum capacity of the available memory Check items Configuring Simple Operands Configuring Table Operands and Configur
147. ructions References Example TED MO000 KM 00100 In the example above if the active input is on when the block input is not powered the Q output will be turned off after 10 KM 00100 seconds On the Q output there is the value of the denied Q output On the operand 0000 the value of the time counting is stored Syntax 1 OPER2 M M M M KM Table 3 40 Syntax of TED instruction Truth Table valid only for the PO3x47 Truth Table of TED instruction Output unchanged unchanged Opert T Oper2 Opert Oper2 Opert 1 Oper2 Table 3 41 Truth table of TED instruction Legends e time in 0 15 units e x don tcare When Operl is negative it is evaluated as zero ATTENTION This instruction has some issues that needs attention TED instruction is not enabled for working into external interrupt modules E020 Don t execute this instruction in one cycle Execute this instruction more than one time in the same cycle This instruction must be not skipped 100 3 Instructions References Instructions of the Conversion Group This group has instructions which allow the conversion between the formats of storing the values used in the operands of the applications program and accesses to analog modules in the input and output bus Name Description Edition Sequence BIN DEC Conversion Binary Decimal Alt 1 V DEC BIN Conversion Decimal Binary Alt
148. ry type 16 bits or of auxiliary type 8 bits suppose the following is the case ESTADO contents of operand OPER2 current status END3 address of OPER3 END4 address of OPERA e ENDI address of point to be tested with base in OPER3 SUBI subdivision of point to be tested with base in OPER3 END2 address of point to be tested with base in OPERA 5082 subdivision of point to be tested with base in OPERA The points tested as evolution condition associated to each table are M ENDI SUBI or A lt SUB1 gt first table M lt END2 gt lt SUB2 gt or A lt END2 gt lt SUB2 gt second table where e ENDI END3 STATUS 16 if operand M e ENDI END3 STATUS 8 if operand SUBI REST STATUS 16 Gf operand M e SUBI REST STATUS 8 if operand END2 END4 STATUS 16 if operand M END2 END4 STATUS 8 if operand A SUB2 REST STATUS 16 if operand M 5082 REST STATUS 8 if operand A Example They may be OPERI TMO00 OPER2 0010 OPER3 0100 OPER4 A0020 Where TMO000 Posi o Valor 000 00001 001 00002 002 00004 003 00001 004 00000 115 3 Instructions References Syntax 76 TMO0001 Posi o 000 001 002 003 004 Valor 00001 00003 00001 00004 00000 M0010 00001 MO0100 MO0101 MO0102 M XXXXX XXXXX XXXXX
149. s counting in the module of time interruption This module is useful when precise time control is needed in the PLCs processing Use of Module E020 When enabled Module E020 is called for the execution carrying out the necessary processing and updating of output points through the AES instruction Module E020 can also be used for security device or procedures breaking devices or another applications that need quick acting If the module E020 is in the PLC the PLC is called in every time the input is used If the application program calls the module F CONT 005 it is do the reading and writing of the counting value incrementing it in each acting of the input If it is required this input can be used with both functions with the module F CONT 005 counting the number of times the module E020 was enabled Care in Using the Module E018 Some special care is necessary in programming module E018 As it is called from synchronized mode to each fixed time period interrupting the process of module E001 its execution time should be as short as possible so as not to add excessively to the overall cycle time of the applications program If the interval between the calls from module E018 is programmed for 25 ms for example and its execution time is 20 ms there are only 5 ms for the execution of the main program before E018 will be called again This situation considerably increases the time of the cycle of module E001 29 2 Programming Langu
150. s if the condition associated to the operand 4 is powered The second operand specifies a memory which shows what the current status is and serves as an index for the tables specified in the first operand The third operand specifies an operand which serves from base to determine the condition of evolution starting from the status OPER2 to the status indexed for OPER2 in the first table The fourth operand specifies an operand which serves from base to determine the condition of evolution starting from the status OPER2 for the status indexed for OPER2 in the second table When the input enable is turned off the outputs pulse and invalid index are turned off independent of any other condition When the input enable is powered the pulse output is normally powered and the output invalid index is normally turned off Besides that when the input enable is powered the instruction searches the value of the memory OPER2 current status and tests the respective condition of evolution with base in OPER3 If this condition is powered the operand OPER2 is loaded with a new status indexed through operand OPER2 in the first table specified for OPERI If the condition of evolution associated with OPER2 and with the base in OPER3 is turned off it tests the evolution condition associated to OPER2 and with base in OPERA If this last condition is powered the operand OPER2 is loaded with a new status indexed through its own operand OPER2 in the second table
151. s overtaken only due to the commands from the serial communication monitoring forcing and the rest the PLC does not Enter error status It is possible therefore to indicate from the maximum cycle time greater than that selected without which the programmable controller will have to enter error mode The procedure of compaction of program memory by the programmable controller always follows the previous rule In some cases the compaction routine needs to copy a much extended module into the memory between two cycles of the applications program increasing in the extreme the execution time of one verification In this situation the PLC does not enter error status Care should be take when the execution cycle times move nearer to the maximum time selected The simple fact that the applications program is to be executed correctly with the more common conditions of the input points does not guarantee that its verification time in real conditions of the machine functioning will remain inside the value limit WARNING Each programming project should be examined carefully in the search for situations which will cause the longer execution times These situations should be simulated and the times averaged verifying if they are not excessive This procedure should be carried the same in the programming project with cycle times well below the limit to ensure its good functioning It is possible that in some isolated verifications the cycle time exc
152. s procedure for the other existing communications in this instruction On the end of the last writing the busy output of ECR is not powered with the application of a pulse with duration of one verification in the error output in case any communication could not be carried out On six first nibbles of D operand programmed in OPER3 the states of the six communications of the instruction are placed The last two nibbles are used for the control of its processing 134 3 Instructions References Operand programmed in OPER3 in the instructions ECR and LTR ee 44 0 010 02 seges pes Control ofthe Communication Status Instruction Communication Status 1 Nibble 5 Communication Status 2 Nibble 4 Communication Status 3 Nibble 3 Communication Status 4 Nibble 2 Communication Status 5 Nibble 1 Communication Status 6 Nibble 0 Figure 3 30 Control operand of ECR and LTR instructions The communication status stored in each nibble is codified in the following form e 0Q communication with success e defined operand e 2 local controller address equals to the remote communication with the PLC 3 invalid operand block e 4 invalid operand type e 5 timeout of package transmission 6 no space on the transmition queue 7 lack of transmition buffer e 8 solicitation timeout 9 hardwares error 10 protected remote PLC In summary executing an ECR instruction all the existing co
153. s programs with a short scan time and common control tasks it does not have to be used AES 0012 KM 00008 If the PLCs configuration is 16 input octets 90 0000 to EDO15 and 8 output octets 9050016 to 9050023 the instruction shown will update only 4 octets 90 0012 to E0015 No output octet is updated OPER1 OPER2 KM S M Table 3 15 Syntax of AES instruction 66 3 Instructions References CAB Load Block Sab enable success OPER1 OPER2 invalid target index OPERI initial operand or table to be loaded OPER2 number of operands or positions of table Description This instruction allows the loading of up to 255 constant values in a block of operands or tables The initial operand or table to be carried is specified in the first parameter OPER1 the number of operands or positions of the table to be loaded in the second operand 2 The value of the second operand should be positive less or equal to KM 255 This values are declared selecting the button Block then an edition window is opened in MasterTool XE The constants edited in the block can vary according to the operand type Are of type KM if the type of the first operand is 905 M TM Are of type KD if the first operand is D or TD Are of type KF if the first operand is F or TF Are of type KI if the first operand is I TI If the first operand is an octect
154. s the last logic the applications program the PLC goes to the end of the program and continue its normal cycle ATTENTION If the designation logic of a return jump is less than the first logic of the applications program the execution is restarted starting from logic 0 ATTENTION If use a jump with a negative operand after a RLM instruction the bar will be off to execute the instructions 47 3 Instructions References Syntax OPER1 PKM XXXXX KM XXXXX Table 3 4 Sintax of the SLT instruction 48 3 Instructions References PLS Pulse Relay c PLS input OPER output Description Example Syntax The instruction pulse relay generates a pulse for a scan in its output that is to say it remains powered during a scan of the applications program when the status of its input may pass from turned off to powered The auxiliary relay declared serves as a memorizer avoiding limits as to the number of pulse instructions present in the applications program WARNING The value of the auxiliary relay should not be modified in any other point of the applications program In this case when the relay input is energized the relay output stay energized in all program cycle In operand 926 A0000 0 is stored the relay state E pts 4 9 A0000 0 Table 3 5 Syntax of PLS instruction 49 3 Instructions References RM FRM
155. seconds during these the PLC can receive other commands which conflict with operation in progress For example the PLC can receive one command to erase the FLASH memory while a module may be being transferred to the same memory To solve possible conflicts there is a braking mechanism to execute some of the commands available in the PLC These commands cannot be executed if the PLC is carrying out a specific operation The 41 2 Programming Language status of the signals carrying module and compacting RAM can be verified in the information window of the PLC options Communication Status Information on MasterTool XE While any of the signals are enabled the LED FC of the panel in the PLC remains alight Operation on PLC Blocked Command ALNET I ALNETII Enable Signal Modules Uploading Transference from EPROM to RAM Transference from RAM to FLASH Erasing FLASH Legend CM Uploading Module Modules Uploading CM Transference from EPROM to RAM Transference from RAM to FLASH Asking Modles Uploading Erasing FLASH Compacting Modules Uploading CM Transference from EPROM to RAM Transference from RAM to FLASH Asking Modles Uploading Erasing FLASH Compacting Modules Uploading CM Transference from EPROM to RAM Transference from RAM to FLASH Asking Modles Uploading Erasing FLASH Compacting Modules Uploading CM Transference from EPROM to RAM Transference from RAM to FLASH Asking Modles Uploading Eras
156. sing time must be short especially if the interruption input is enabled often to avoid excessively risen of the total cycle time of the application program If the interruption input is enabled in a periodic manner in each 30ms for example and the execution time of E020 is 25ms there will be only 5 ms for the execution of the main program before the calling of the module This situation increases considerably the time of the module E001 cycle 5 ms Execute E001 25 ms Execute E020 Time 5 ms Execute E001 25 ms Execute E020 Figure 2 29 Care in using module E020 In case the module E020 is being executed and a new enable of the PLC input of interruption this enable will not be considered and the execution of the module will continue normally This situation 30 2 Programming Language does not provoke change for the error mode and the PLC continues its normal execution So the PLC ignores enables of the quick interruption input that happen in times shorter than the E020 execution time The instructions keep the same behave when executed within the module E020 except in relation to some particular characteristics The calling of the module depends on the process that is being controlled and does not happen in a periodic manner This characteristic does not allow the use of timers on E020 it means the instructions TEE and TED must not be used in the same The pulse relay PLS enables its output during an execution o
157. start window The output invalid target index is enabled when some operand can not be accessed or a table position does not exist The output success is always enabled when the instruction is executed correctly If the output invalid target index is enabled no loading of constants occurs The loading of the constant values is entirely carried out in one scan of the applications program be able to cause an excessive time cycle when it is extended In most parts of applications programs the instruction CAB can only be executed in the Initialization loading of tables whose contents are only read or at some special times not needing to be called in all the scans In these cases it is recommended that it is programmed in the applications program module of Initialization E000 or that it is enabled only at the necessary loading times 68 3 Instructions References Example Edit the CAB instruction Operand Operand zTMOO10 Quantity 5 Values oTM010 000 oTM010 001 oTM010 002 oTM010 003 oTM010 004 Edition Exibition Base Decimal _ Pen ASCII Edition Cancel Figure 3 6 Example of setting instruction CAB This example shows how the CAB instruction is configured to copy value 1 2 3 4 and 5 to the first five positions of the operand TMO0010 Syntax OPERI OPER2 OPER3 KM Table of values
158. sterTool XE achieves the consistency according to the 3000 mode The fourth operand is irrelevant however it should be specified in an operand of type memory or auxiliary in this cell since MasterTool XE achieves consistency in accordance with the 3000 mode When the input enable is turned off the outputs pulse and invalid index are turned off independent of any other condition When the input enable is powered the pulse output is normally powered and the output invalid index is normally turned off Beyond this when the input enable is powered the table position OPERI indexed by the current status OPER2 is accessed and the auxiliary operand point referenced in this table position is examined If this point is powered the contents of OPER2 is increased or zeroed if it is pointed at the last table position 1 and a turning off pulse occurs in the output pulse with the duration of a program cycle If the point examined is turned off nothing happens and the memory value in OPER2 remains unchanged The output invalid index is activated if the memory OPER2 current status contains a value which indexes a non existent position in the table specified in OPERI This can happen by modifying the memory OPER2 at one point of the applications program outside the instruction SEQ in the Initialization of OPER2 for example Care should be taken to define and initialize the table specified in OPERI with the legal values In the table speci
159. t in the PLC directory can only be in one type of memory RAM or EPROM never in both at the same time The modules loaded by the serial channel are always stored Compaction The memory of the programmable controller s memory is divided into one or more banks depending on the PLC model used 36 2 Programming Language As the modules which make up the programming project are sent to the PLC through the serial channel they occupy the first RAM memory bank from its beginning to its end When the space remaining in the first bank is not enough to load the next module it will be loaded into the following module and this will be loaded in the following bank if it exists At each loading of a new module into the programmable controller the executive software tests if there is enough space for it from the first to the last bank available The loading of a new module is only possible if there is free memory available for its storage Inside the RAM memory bank the loading of a module is always carried out starting from the first position after the last module present If a module at the start of the bank is removed the modules which are after it should be transferred to occupy its space in the memory so that this space is available at the end of the bank for other modules to be loaded This procedure is named compaction of RAM memory of the applications program Example Supposing that the first memory bank of the programmable control
160. t is a normal procedure for modules Acronym used to indicate serial transmission Reading a program or configuration from the PLC Protection device against voltage spikes Electronic circuit that checks the equipment operation integrity 146 4 Glossary Acronym for watchdog See Watchdog timer Information unit composed by 16 bits Ponto Series Glossary Fieldbus Head Address Bus Bus Expander Bus Segment Bus termination DIN Rail Expansion cable Field cabling Fieldbus Cable Fieldbus Head Fieldbus Interface Local Bus Mechanical Switch Code Remote Bus Terminal Base The node address in the fieldbus It is adjusted in the fieldbus head terminal base Set of I O Modules connected to a CPU or fieldbus head Module that connects one segment to another Part of a bus A local or remote bus may divide in up to four bus segments Module that must be connected to the last module in a bus Metallic element with standardized shape accordingly to the DIN50032 standard It is also called TS35 rail Cable that connects bus expanders Cables connecting sensors actuators and other process devices to the Ponto Series I O modules terminal bases Cable that connects the nodes in a fieldbus such as the Fieldbus Interface and the Fieldbus Head Slave module of a fieldbus field network It is responsible for the exchange of data between the modules and the fieldbus master Master module for the
161. t the line and click on Configuration button The following messages edition window will be opened x ECR Edition of ECR Loca Operand Band to 50004 Remote Operand Band 0004 to 600004 Quantity of Message Bytes B ES Cancel Figure 3 29 Message edition of local PLC to remote PLC In this window it must be informed the initial operand of the local PLC and the initial operand of the Remote PLC The amount of bytes used in the communication also must be informed within the limited of 220bytes The value of this amount of bytes will be multiple of the greater amount of bytes in a single operand of the Local or Remote PLC Check Operands in this same manual In the figure above the Multiple Number is 4 as the decimal operand 900 has four bytes while the auxiliary operand 96A has only 1 Bellow the types of possible operands to be programmed for the local and remote PLC are related with the correct disposal in the edition columns and its respective meanings Operands Allowed as Parameters 9M D 5 TMIx TD x TI x Table 3 59 Operands allowed as parameters Enabling the enable input the communication of the first present writing in the ECR is turned on being powered the busy output At the moment that this communication is completed the instruction turns on the next writing independently of the state of the enabling input repeating thi
162. taining to these octets are actioned through coils only in these modules In Modules E018 and E020 the values with the instruction MES in output modules declared in the bus through MasterTool XE should not be written since the verification of output also carries out the updating of the values in these modules When a Module E018 or E020 is being executed and the compaction is enabled the modules can be transferred to another position in memory through the routine of compaction During this transfer its call will be disabled some interruptions being possible without which the Modules E018 or E020 will be processed Attention should be paid to this effect of compaction regarding the execution of the module enabled for interruption During the compaction of the rest of the modules still the Modules E018 and E020 continue being executed Simultaneous use of Modules E018 and E020 There are no priorities of execution related to the interruptions of the modules It means that if module E020 is being executed and the next time interruption occurs the processing of E020 is interrupted module E018 is executed returning after to the execution of the E020 In the same manner if module E018 is being executed and the input interruption is enable the E018 processing is interrupted module E020 is executed returning after to the execution of the E018 Some care must be taken in the simultaneous use of both modules The execution time of modules E 018 t
163. ted by the PLC before sending the information of its status to MasterTool XE This item is useful in cycling mode when it shows the execution time of the last cycle fired in the programmable controller e Average cycle time shows the average times of execution of the last 256 verifications carried out by the PLC In execution mode this parameter gives a general idea of the processing time of the applications program as opposed to the instantaneous cycle time which can be shown an untypical value isolated from a verification As this time is calculated only at each 256 scanning at times its value needs a few seconds to be updated mainly in the case of an abrupt increase in the execution time including the new modules in the programmable controller for example e Maximum cycle time shows the longest time between all the cycles carried out since the passing of the PLC into execution or cycling mode e Minimum cycle time shows the shortest time between all the cycles carried out since the passing of the PLC to execution or cycling mode The cycle times are shown in milliseconds ms being the counts initialized in the passing from programming mode to execution or programming to cycling 39 2 Programming Language The service of the serial communication with MasterTool XE increases the application program s cycle time in the PLC being able in some cases to overtake the maximum cycle time selected If the time limit for execution i
164. ted to all nodes of all sub nets indicated on option Sub net less than 100 that belong to the multicast group specified on node option global multicast The sub net address 200 indicates that the communication is carried out by ALNETII network and designated to all nodes of all sub nets global broadcast The value specified on node option is not relevant in this option 132 3 Instructions References The sub net address among 201 and 263 indicates that the communication is carried out by ALNETII network and designated to all nodes of the sub net indicated on the option Sub net less than 200 local broadcast The value specified on node option is not relevant in this option In the third cell OPER3 a decimal operand D must be declared to be used by the instruction in its processing control WARNING The D operand programmed on OPER3 cannot have its value modified in any other point of the application program for the appropriate functioning of the ECH Consequently each new instruction ECH LTR CEH or inserted LTH in the application program must use an D operand different from the others This operand cannot be retentive To carry out the editing of the ECR parameters select the PLC button A window for edition of the instruction messages will be opened as shown in the following figure me F x Parameters ECR Edition of the parameters ECR Node Sub net Control m ff Main Message Local PLC Remote PL
165. terTool XE User s Manual e Outputs indicate if the outputs are enabled or disabled e Forced Relays indicate if any forced point off input or output exists e Change of Modules with PLC powered indicates the possibility of changing from modules with PLC powered e Compacting RAM indicating if the PLC is compacting the RAM memory of the applications program e Copying Module indicates if any module is being loaded into the PLC transferring from RAM to FLASH EPROM or from FLASH EPROM to RAM or if the PLC is erasing the FLASH memory e Protection Level shows the current protection level of the PLC e Cycle Times shows the instantaneous value average maximum and minimum of the cycle time of the applications program Check the section Program Execution Cycle Times in this same chapter e Enabling Period of E018 shows the period of module call enabled for time interruption E018 if it is present in the PLC The status windows of the PLC Communication Status Information directory of modules Communication Modules supplies various information used to verify the correct functioning of the controller This information can be obtained from a distance if the PLC is connected to a network Whenever MasterTool XE is connected to any PLC it regards the obtaining of this information as the first step to be taken Monitoring Through MasterTool XE it is possible to monitor the values of on or more operands in the PLC in any
166. the enabling line of the jump coil is turned off the jump does not take place and the following instruction which in the coil is declared and executed If the following instruction is in logic 1 the execution of the applications program is diverted to logic 6 if the enabling line is powered If the coil is not powered the processing continues normally that is the next logic to be executed is logic 2 KM 00005 It can be used a constant KM with zero value or with negative value If programmed with zero value the logic destination is the same as that which contains the jump coil when it is powered That is to say the processing is diverted to the start of the coil s own logic If the value programmed is negative the processing is diverted to a logic before the logic which contains the jump coil WARNING The use of a zero constant or negative corresponds to an unconventional use of the instruction If it is required to use it there the necessary precautions should be taken to avoid the input in a loop or the excessive increase of the cycle time of the applications program It is recommended nevertheless to use the jump coil only with positive constants greater than zero The control of the execution of these situations should be carried out through a braking which disconnects the jump from the previous logic after a certain number of loops have been executed in the return passage ATTENTION If the logic destination overtake
167. the time for some cycles of applications programs when carried out in execution mode It is important to be aware of the effects of this increase in processing time Be advised that the compaction is not fired if the machine under control is in operation or with its main active enabling Due to this mechanism of managing the modules in the programmable controller it is possible that the sum of the available memory in the PLC banks with the value occupied by modules is less than the total memory of the program if it is in execution mode This fact means that the program memory is not compacted After the compaction however the sum of the values occupied with the free memory should be equal to the total memory ATTENTION FLASH compaction does not exist on MasterTool XE The method to compact FLASH is to load the modules to the RAM clean the FLASH and load the modules again to the FLASH Transference of Modules from RAM to FLASH After being loaded into the RAM memory of the program through the serial of the PLC the programming project s modules can be transferred to FLASH EPROM This command is only unable in PLCs which have FLASH memory It is possible to transfer one single module or a group of module seven with the PLC executing the program The transfer in execution mode is carried out partially in each verification being able to wait several seconds until it is completed mainly of these was a long time of cycle of execution At
168. tion of the retainability of the operands that is to say which operands can keep their contents even with a power cut e Declaration of Simple Operands allows the definition of the number of Memory operands 76M Decimal 96D Integer 901 and Real It takes place in the editing window of module C For more information regarding how to declare simple operands check MasterTool XE Manual e Declaration of Table Operands allows the definition of the number of tables of Memory operands 6 TM Integer operands 76 TT Real operands TF and Decimal operands 96 TD and of the number of positions in each one A table shows a group of operands being defined in the editing window of Module C For further information about how to configure table operands check MasterTool XE Manual e Declaration of Retentive Operands specifies the number of simple operands which are retentive within the operands already declared Retentive operands are those which continue with their contents unchanged through a PLC power cut those not being retentive are zeroed when the system restarts The table operands are all retentive The declaration is made in the editing window of Module C For more information regarding how to configure retentive operands check MasterTool XE Manual Declaration of the General Parameters of the PLC are the generic parameters necessary for the functioning of the programmable controller such as the type of PLC in which t
169. ts of events or the time of the applications program Name Description Edition Sequence CON Simple Counter Alt 1 N COB Bidirectional Counter Alt 1 Timer enabling Alt 1 C T TED Timer on disabling Alt 1 C D Table 3 33 Instructions of counters group 91 3 Instructions References CON Simple Counter zese increase limit 1 enable OPER2 no limit counter OPER2 count limit Description This instruction carries out simple counts with the increase of one unit in each enabling The instruction simple counter has two operands The first always of type M specifies the memory which writes up the events The second establishes the value limit of the counting to power of the upper cell and can be of type KM or operand M referenced indirectly If the input enable is turned off the memory in OPERI is zeroed the output no limit is powered and the output limit is turned off When the input enable is powered each transition of connection in the input increase raises the value of the operand counter OPER by one unit If the value of the first operand is equal to the second operand the output limit is powered The counter variable is not increased with new transitions in the input increase staying with the value limit If it is less the output limit is turned off The logic status of the output no limit is exactly the opposite of the output limit being t
170. uctions reflect logically the real behavior of an electrical contact of a relay in the applications program The contact normally open closes according to the status of its associated operand If the operand point is in the logic status 1 or 0 the contact normally open is closed or opened respectively The contact normally open has a behavior opposite to normally open If the point of the associated operand is in the logic status 1 or 0 the contact normally closed is opened or closed respectively When a contact is closed the instruction transmits the logic status of its input to its output If it is open the input value is not placed on the output 35 0010 4 In the case above of a contact normally opened the contact will be closed only if the operand status A0010 4 15 1 or it will remain opened 35 0010 4 ve In this case the contact is normally closed and it will be opened if the operand status is A0010 4 is 1 or it will remain closed OPERI PSXXXX X DXXXX X DXXXXhX Table 3 2 Sintax of the RNA and RNF instructions 45 3 Instructions References Coils BOB Simple Coil OPER BBL Turn On Coil OPER BBD Turn Off Coil OPER Description The coil instructions modify the logic status of the operand in the image memory of the programmable controller according to the status of the enabling line of the instructions The si
171. ule carries out deviation of the processing of the current module to the module specified if it is present in the PLC At the end of the execution of the module called the processing returns to the instruction following the CHF The CHF instruction has the following screen for edition Py CHF Call Function Module Call Function Module Select a function module F of the project and type the input and output parameters Module Name F 000 m Parameters of the Function Module Quantity p 4 Input Quantity p Dutput OK Figure 3 14 Window to fill the CHF instruction The module function must be selected present in the current project or a Function Module given by Altus and installed with MasterTool Extended Edition This selection that must be done at the moment of the insertion or editing of the CHF instruction clicking on the button with the name of the function module that will be called So the following window will be opened 119 3 Instructions References pic Selection of the Function Module Selection of the Function Module Select a Function module F of the project or installed on MTooIXE F MOBT 043 Moving blocks of Table Operands F NEGT 093 Logical negation between T able Operands 07 1 Normalization 091 Logical Operation OR between T able Operands F PID 033 PID Control F PID16 056 PID Control F PT100 002
172. ule or function module that does not have parameters Means PROFIBUS Process Automation Also know as PLC Equipment controlling a system under the command of an application program It is composed of a CPU a power supply and I O modules Set of rules conventions and syntaxes utilized when writing a program Random Access Memory Memory where all the addresses may be accessed directly and in random order at the same speed It is volatile in other words its content is erased when powered off unless there is a battery to keep its contents The other CPU in a redundant system For instance the redundant CPU of CPU2 is CPU1 and vice versa System with a backup or double elements to execute specific tasks Such system may suffer certain failures without stopping the execution of its tasks Oscillation present in continuous voltages Acronym used to indicate serial reception complete execution of the PLC application program Part to plug in integrated circuits or other components thus facilitating their substitution and maintenance Computer programs procedures and rules related to the operation of a data processing system Equipment connected to a PLC network with the goal of monitoring and controlling the process variables Name associated to an operand or to a logic that identifies its content Element with two stable states that are switched at each activation Procedure of replacing modules in a system without powering it off I
173. ules E018 or E020 ATTENTION For example if it is necessary that the module E018 uses the value contained in a memory used in the main program it should pass the value this memory to another through the instruction MOV the module E018 must use only this last one The MOV instruction should be in the main program and not in the module E018 ATTENTION The contrary flow of data also demands the creation of image operands If module E020 manipulates a table and the main program needs to use the values in this table these values should be copied to a second table for exclusive use of the main program through the instruction MOB The instruction MOB should be in the main program and not in Module E020 ATTENTION A similar situation occurs for coil instructions If some point of an operand is modified in the main program through a coil it is not allowed to change any point of the whole octet of the same operand in Modules E018 or E020 This restriction does not exist when the octets used belong to the group 9050000 to 9050015 However it is possible that points of an operand are altered in Modules E018 or E020 through a coil and are only tested for another module with contact instructions for example The opposite situation is permitted that is to say the operand points changed in the main program through coils can be tested in Modules E018 or E020 through contacts 31 2 Programming Language Other care to be taken
174. urther information regarding parameter passing can be found in the description of the instruction CHF in this same manual The passing of all types of operands is allowed Examples F LINEAR 002 executes the linearization of values read from a sensor F PID 033 carries out calculations for implementing the control PID loop Operating Status of the PLC There are five statuses or modes of operation of the PLC initializing execution programming cycling and error The status where the programmable controller is is indicated in the LEDs of the front panel of the PLC and can also be consulted through MasterTool XE through the dialogue box Status Communication Status starting from the main menu To obtain specific information about these operating modes consult the User s Manual for the controller used Status Initialization the PLC initializes the different data structures for use by the executive program and achieves consistency in the programming project present in the memory This status occurs after the controller is turned on passing after a few seconds to the execution status If no applications program exists in memory the PLC passes to error mode While the PLC is initializing the command Communication Status Programming or equivalent short cut in the tool bars can be activated making the PLC to pass directly to programming status instead of executing the applications program This procedure is useful for the rein
175. ust be with value 2752 code to AL 2752 e In the CAB instruction the position 4 which denotes the number of PID loops must be with value between 1 and 100 The user will must select which loop it intends to configure as soon as it opens the window iy PID loop selection PID loop Selection Select the PID loop ta monitoring Select the loop Figure 3 24 Window of selection of the PID loop Tab Settings amp Chart The tab Settings amp Chart has the same functionalities described in the PID skin to the module F PID16 056 But it has not a bottom to configure the CAB instruction of the PID loop whereas this resource is exclusive of this module F e 129 3 Instructions References 815 Configuration Operands Value Real Time Chart Actual value 0 Al PID Monitoration Value GP Value x10 s 3 E pa vw 1 sa Value TI Value 10 0 E d VM TD Value x100 0 Value p Manual Automatic Mode C Manual Automatic Value 1043 Monitoration Time Base 100ms 15 25 30 Time Seconds Load Save Monitor Values Figure 3 25 Window of AL 2752 tab Settings amp Chart Tab Configuration The tab Configuration is used to configure the advanced parameters of the PID 1 Settings amp Chart Operands Feedforward bias Value p a
176. with respect to the updating of the inputs and outputs of Modules E018 or E020 Preferably the inputs used in its processing should be only updated in these modules using the instruction AES As the application program of the cyclical execution can be interrupted in any place for these modules if the input images of the main program are updated in these these can take on different values at different points of the applications program during the same execution cycle This fact can cause errors if an input operand is used in various areas of the main program since normally it is supposed that its value remains unaltered in the same verification process Due to this fact it is recommended to use exclusive input octets for the Modules E018 or E020 if it is necessary for its updating in it not being the octets used in the main program If it is necessary to update the inputs used simultaneously in the interruptions and in the cyclical processing the value of these can be copied to auxiliary or memory operands in the beginning of the main program It is also possible not updating input images in Modules E018 or E020 with the instruction AES but only read directly the values of the E S modules to memory operands through the instruction MES and use these memories in contacts to carry out the processing in the interruption modules The updating of output octets in Modules E018 or E020 through the instruction F AES is possible since the points per
177. xample shown uses a functioning higher value than that of the moving to better illustrate of the MOP For better interpretation of the program the value 00013 should be used 55 3 Instructions References Syntax OPER1 OPER2 JEXXXX X JSXXXX X SXXXX X MXXXX X DXXXX X MXXXX X DXXXXhX DXXXX X FXXXX X DXXXXhX FXXXXhX FXXXX X JIXXXX X FXXXXhX PIXXXXhX PIXXXX X IXXXXhX KDXXXXX OPER1 OPER2 EXXXXnX SXXXXnX EXXXXnX AXXXXnX SXXXXnX JMXXXXnX AXXXXnX DXXXXnX MXXXXnX FXXXXnX DXXXXnX IXXXXNX FXXXXNnX JTOKMXXXXX Jo IXXXXnX KDXXXXX OPER1 OPER2 DXXXXwX FXXXXwX ZDXXXXwX JIXXXXwWX FXXXXwWX MXXXX JFIXXXXwX JTOKMXXXXX KDXXXXX OPERI OPER2 DXXXXbX FXXXXbX PIXXXXbX JMXXXXbX DXXXXbX PSXXXX FXXXXbX AXXXX PIXXXXbX KMXXXXX KDXXXXX 1 2 FMXXXXbX DXXXXbX JEXXXX JTSXXXX Jo IXXXXbX AXXXX OPER1 OPER2 DXXXXwX JFXXXXwWX MXXXX JFIXXXXwWX Table 3 8 Syntax of MOP instruction 56 3 Instructions References MOB Moving of Blocks of Operands 3 enable movimentation finished OPER1 OPER4 OPER2 OPERS L invalid source index brio L invalid target index OPERI first operand of source block OPER2 number of transfers to be carried out
178. xp 8 bits Mantissa 23bits S arithmetic bit signal 0 positive 1 negative Figure 2 15 Real operand format 13 2 Programming Language The value of a real operand F is obtained as the following expression Value Signal x 1 Mantissa x 21 So the storing band values is from 3 4028234663852886E 38 to 3 4028234663852886E 38 Values whose module is greater than zero and less than 1 1754943508222875E 38 are treated as zero by the PLCs PLCs don t support any normalized numbers infinity and NANs not a number Example F0032 real 32 Limits e Minimum 3 4028235e438 e Maximum 3 4028235 38 l Operands Integers The operands I are used to the numerical processing storing values in simple precision with signal The basically difference between this kind of operand and the memory operand M is that the integer operand I is 32 bits The I operands format can be seen in the following figure integer operand 32 points integer word 16 points w0 to w1 integer octet 8 points 10 to b3 integer nibble 4 points to n7 point on word 0 1 point 0 to F point on word 1 1 point to hF subdivision address subdivision type operand address Figure 2 16 I operands format The quantity of integer operands can be configured on configuration module declaration being the maximum limit depending on the PLC model that is in use see the section Declaration of Oper
179. ying out their communications or use up the reception buffer of the destination PLC 135 3 Instructions References If the instruction is programmed specifying that the node address is equal to the address of the controller that executes it written of values the error output is powered If any operand has been defined on OPER4 the error and busy output are not powered Syntax Table 3 60 Syntax of ECR instruction Example ECR KM 00002 9500000 5k 0003 Low priority on messages content hy ECR Exi Parameters ECR Edition of the parameters ECR Node Sub net Control 1 1 4 Main Message Remote PLC 40014 to A0015 00027 5 0009 to 5 0014 55 0018 3500003 to 9500004 TMO00 018 to 000 022 Local PLC 50038 to 50041 Si TDODD 028 to TD000 030 9 6A0013 to A0020 SiS TMOOD 000 to 95 TMODD 004 Configurations Remove Figure 3 31 ECR parameters configuration with message not priority This instruction carries out writing in the programmable controller with node address 2 on sub net 1 Six communications are defined transferring data of different types between the PLCs Communication 0 sends the content of a memory operand in the local PLC for two auxiliary operands in the remote PLC being transferred 2 octets Communications 1 2 3 4 and 5 transfer respectively 4 12 2 8 and 10 octets between th

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Manual de Utilização