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Lynx Manual

1. MSi 21 Signal input 21 Basic troubleshooting IRR an nda ec 23 7 HRD24 Firmware Configuration ouo 25 OVerVieW oo eror RO EU a ERI UD ds 25 Accessing the HRD24 Setup iqi gu ehe e esee e nenne 25 Configuration Menus 27 ete 31 Maintenances my su Sd nk ASR Ei eis tee 31 HRD Configuration Re YR HO UCET ER E UR ener teeny 31 Software amp Firmware Updates ua giai III eme ese 32 Internal Configuration Options 33 Appendix A Connector Pinouts cee eei 37 Appendix B Libra Data Format 39 Description of NMXP Packets ss esee 41 CRG forthe Packets RAINER TERES ea ENS 42 Outgoing Packets Ud 88880110 486001 Vr edad ERANT eee 44 Table of Contents Incoming Packets yu e e Uer ane MR 45 Status Packel cess vet uisa PECADO CI ER Bebe dub eei aee e ped RE 49 Appendix C Instrument Log Messages
2. 55 Appendix D Filter Response Plots Poles amp Zeroes 61 Response et t putt ebbe e VEU BOE HAE UE res epa 61 System Filter Values eee e eee e hehehe eee eene 61 Appendix LL e t dete Ma CLA Male 67 Appendix Upgrading HRD24 firmware using ZOC 71 Appendix External Cable Drawings 75 Introduction 1 Introduction Congratulations on your choice of the Lynx digitiser a part of the Nanometrics Libra Satellite Seismograph System As you use your new Lynxdigitiser we know you will appreciate the many features that provide excellent performance It is very important to understand how the Lynx digitiser operates before you use it On the following pages you will find a wealth of information regarding all aspects of the Lynx digitiser Please read the instructions carefully If you have problems or need technical support please submit requests for technical support by e mail or fax This permits you to fully explain your problem and include evidence as it allows us to submit your problem to the most knowledgeable person for reply by e mail support nanometrics ca by fax To Support at fax 613 592 5929 by phone Please ask for Support at 613 592 6776 Nanometrics Inc 250 Herzberg Road Kanata Ontari
3. 04 04 04 E 03 E 05 E 03 43808070 88618130 20297010 30754000 36310380 31805090 12972550 89338860 21625100 66128860 91287400 12341120 12445590 99129780 43002920 13405330 46016810 91924170 14255550 18117280 18378220 12294540 25394960 27285180 60901970 99370050 13537440 15868160 15734170 11970330 37022530 93716220 26724400 46822380 67056870 83789800 92457940 87573810 62198690 55895630 10638890 36446600 18337210 14950560 45130490 85281480 23135700 66560650 16840730 11440040 12678270 65 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 01 E 02 E 01 E 01 E 01 E 07 E 04 E 05 E 05 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 04 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 03 E 03 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 03 E 01 E 01 00 04 05 04 04 04 03 03 E 03 59857000E 03 82060140E 03 83102670E 03 36809580E 02 26909270E 02 58504900E 02 14024250E 01 38172700E 02 32581180E 01 75563820E 01 19443620E 05 12748020E 04 18047240E 04 22504380E 04 16936110E 04 63744060E 05 53358520E 04 12460020E 03 21176560E 03 29509180E 03 34332070E 03 31720130E 03 17702630E 03 10637440E 03 53871000E 03 10901390E 02 16872140E 02 22119950E 02 25107530E 02 24128750E 02 17585740E 02 43201660E 03 16054280E 02 42873790 02 7
4. 02 47579920 02 14249090 01 20571980E 01 21218270E 01 15025070E 01 27228040E 02 12974050E 01 27805090E 01 36865790E 01 35778870 01 21855210E 01 50520950E 02 42237240E 01 84486840E 01 12503380 00 15691950 00 17445760 00 DC Removal IIR Filter The IIR filter is implemented as a first order IIR filter using the following coefficients calculated at runtime where SR is the output sample rate and f is the filter s 3db corner frequency 1 tan z x f SR 1 tan z x f SR 1 1 tan z x f SR The time constant TC of the filter can be calculated as follows 1 TC 2n xf F4 K Lynx Manual 66 Description Version Synopsis Appendix E ViewDat x E ViewDat VIEWDAT is a simple bench test program for the HRD Lynx Orion and Lynx digitisers It receives the digitiser output data over an RS 232 serial port provides a real time text display of seismic data GPS status and instrument state of health and a real time graphical display of seismic data 1 04 Viewdat Port Baud bN x Usage and Options Commands VIEWDAT may be run under DOS or in a DOS window under OS 2 using the command line syntax given above If you wish to use the graphical display mode of VIEWDAT you must run the program as a DOS full screen session The data port of the digitiser should be connected to one of the serial ports com or com2 To avoid missing any data the program should
5. 1 byte bundle type 32 4 bytes long seconds 4 bytes float of calibrated fast SOH1 in volts or units 4 bytes float of calibrated fast SOH2 in volts or units 4 bytes float of calibrated fast SOH3 in volts or units Slow External State Of Health Bundle 1 byte bundle type 33 4 bytes long seconds 4 bytes float of calibrated slow SOHI in volts or units 4 bytes float of calibrated slow 5 2 in volts or units 4 bytes float of calibrated slow SOH3 in volts or units Digitiser Slow Internal SOH Bundle 1 byte bundle type 34 Lynx Manual 50 Appendix B Libra Data Format 4 bytes long seconds 4 bytes float of battery voltage measured at PSU in volts 4 bytes float of VCXO temperature in degrees Celsius 4 bytes float of radio SNR in xxxx GPS Time Quality Bundle 1 byte bundle type 39 4 bytes long seconds 2 bytes GPS on time 2 bytes GPS off time during the last cycle 2 bytes GPS time to lock in seconds 2 bytes Time difference at lock in counts divide by 3 84 to get microseconds 2 bytes VCXO offset div by 16 to get the DAC offset 1 byte Reason GPS turned off 0 PLL finished correcting time error 1 GPS on time expired 1 byte Final GPS mode 0 3D navigation 1 2D navigation 2 tracking 1 sat or more 3 searching for satellites VCXO Calibration Bundle 1 byte Bundle type 7 4 bytes Long seconds 2 bytes VCXO value 2 bytes Time difference at lock in counts divide by 3 84 to get microseconds 2 bytes Time Error
6. 9 1 ch 16 samples bundle 15 bundles 240 samples packet 100 s s takes 240 100 2 4 s to digitize a packet 9600 baud 15 bundles packet 6 17 15x17 2 x10 2800 bits packet i i i 1 9600 s bit gt 2800 9600 0 2916666 s packet bandwith is used only 0 291666 2 4 0 1215 12 15 minimum needed baud rate is 9600 0 1215 1166 66 baud Lynx Manual 49 Appendix Libra Data Format Status Packet A status packet consists of a status time stamp bundle followed by n status bundles A status time stamp consists of a sequence number the time nominal time when the packet was created instrument ID model and serial number Status bundles have a general format that is outlined below 1 byte bundle type xx 4 bytes Long seconds 12 bytes Defined by the specific bundle type or 1 byte bundle type xx 16 bytes Defined by the specific bundle type State of Health Packet Header Bundle 1 byte Packet type 2 bit 5 1 is for retransmit 4 bytes Long seconds 2 bytes Sub seconds in 10 000th of a second this value always 0 2 bytes Instrument ID 5 bit model type 11 bit serial number 4 bytes Sequence Number 4 bytes Reserved for future use The instrument ID defines the instrument type transmitting the channel of data Currently the following instrument IDs are defined HRD Orion RM3 RM4 Lynx Cygnus Callisto Carina 31 Reserved for future use Q O Fast External State Of Health Bundle
7. Calibration Communication CERE Figure 3 Block diagram of the digitiser module DAC and Calibration Optional Calibration signals are obtained from a laser trimmed precision 12 bit D A converter chip Under software control the calibration signal can be set to any value with a resolution of 1 in 2048 Full scale is usually 5V Calibration relays switch the calibration signal to one side of the calibration coil Another pole on the relay grounds the other end of the calibration coil when active The as shipped sheet specifies actual calibrator parameters When determining sensor sensitivity allowance must be made for the wire loop resistance and the calibration coil resistance Output Ports The internal hardware is controlled by ports on the TCP several eight bit ports and some programmable logic The TCP interfaces with the RS232 status bits and the universal serial controller USC for RS232 data When the calibration and or active sensor control option is selected the TCP controls the calibration DAC and two eight bit control ports This selects the calibration port the calibration output signal level and frequency in addition to the active sensor control lines State of Health The digitiser monitors a number of analog state of health SOH channels six slow and three fast Three of the slow channels are used internally to monitor the input voltage the internal temperature of the VCXO and the
8. R Resumes updating the display ESC Exit the program Lynx Manual 67 Appendix E ViewDat In graphics mode VIEWDAT also provides the following commands D Text Mode Display Toggle the DC removal option DC removal Off the raw data is displayed DC removal On the packet mean is subtracted from the data before plotting Changes the vertical scale factor for the trace plots The VIEWDAT text display is divided into 4 parts 1 The top section of the screen shows current signal statistics from each data channel the next section shows the current GPS status 2 3 third section shows the most recent state of health readings and 4 the bottom section logs incoming messages and communication diagnostics Data Display The VIEWDAT display is packet based The digitiser outputs data in packets which contain a time stamp followed by 4N to 16N data samples in a compressed format where N is the number of data bundles per packet see above For example if N 59 each packet contains 236 to 944 samples which corresponds to 1 2 to 4 7 seconds of data at 200 sps VIEWDAT computes signal statistics based on the data contained within a single packet and displays the following information Channel Number Sequence Number Time Number of Samples Maximum Minimum Mean RMS Trend ZC zero crossings Frequency GPS Display The digitiser channel number 0 to 5 The sequence number of this packet
9. Testing the digitiser module of Lynx To get started you will need the equipment shown in the table below Quantity 0 Description Power Supply 10V 15V 2A 12V batte 1 IBM compatible personal computer PC with DOS OS2 WIN95 NT This should include a VGA graphics adapter and an unused serial port Seismometer or signal generator optional Test cable see appendix Satellite antenna Table 1 Additional equipment required to get started This startup procedure verifies that the digitiser is running and then displays waveform traces on the PC screen using the ViewDat test program Copy the files from the ViewDat installation disk to a new directory on your hard disk and make this the working directory Connect the Lynx HRD Data port to the PC using a test cable Connect the power connector of Lynx to a 12V DC power supply and power up the unit Note avoid connecting the Lynx to the satellite antenna until you are sure that it is properly configured Refer to the Planning a Libra Network section of the Tech Administrator Manual Start ViewDat from the command prompt see Appendix A Once the digitiser has finished its self test it will start outputting data through the serial port In the waveform display mode of ViewDat a trace for each active channel will appear on the screen With no input signal connected to the Lynx signal input connector you should see noise for all channels To increase the sensitivit
10. 916478 Q gt 0 563536 Zeros None Poles 2077 65 1080 15 2077 65 1080 15 1440 9 2213 4 1440 9 2213 4 2260 35 0 0 Lynx Manual 62 Appendix D Filter Response Plots Poles amp Zeroes Digital FIR Filters The individual digital filter stages and associated decimation for each output sample rate is indicated below Stage Sample Rate Coefficientset 1 2 8 10 34 Coefficientset 1 2 9 5 of Coefficients Decimation 5 2 3 30 118 Coefficient set of Coefficients Decimation Coefficient set of Coefficients Decimation 3 Coefficient set of Coefficients Decimation Coefficient set of Coefficients Decimation Coefficient set of Coefficients Decimation 3 118 2 3 30 118 Coefficient set of Coefficients Decimation Coefficient set of Coefficients Decimation Coefficient set of Coefficients Decimation Coefficient set of Coefficients Decimation 25 w Ne Note The following sets of filter coefficients are symmetric so only the first half of each coefficient set is unique Lynx Manual 63 Appendix Filter Response Plots Poles amp Zeroes FIR 1 Filter Coefficients 37887750 16771960 12610230 26016630 18304990 FIR 2 Filter Coefficients 65879140 24576070 54490100 65665070 FIR 3 Filter Coefficients 10469050 30510890 13626920 24
11. A GPS time reference provided by the comms controller module of the Lynx is used for time synchronization The SETUP menu is used to configure the digitiser parameters to suit the application and to store these parameters in the nonvolatile Flash memory chip A full list of configurable parameters is given in the Configuring the Firmware chapter Time and output data timing The digitiser keeps internal time which is referenced to a GPS clock If the GPS clock is not locked the digitiser can free run on its own internal oscillator When the GPS relocks the digitiser will phase lock back onto the GPS time data from the digitiser is time stamped with the absolute UTC time Hardware description This section gives a brief overview of the digitiser hardware Later sections of the manual will define the software The input impedance and digitiser sensitivities are user settable parameters which are set through one resistor respectively for each channel The user should refer to the as shipped data sheet to determine the actual values for these parameters Differential Amplifier There is an input differential amplifier for each channel input signal The gain of this stage is used to set the overall system sensitivity Gains of between 1 and 256 are typical A potentiometer is associated with each input and is adjusted to give maximum common mode rejection The input impedance is usually left as a high impedance input gt 50K The gain and in
12. channel It is designed to operate with any standard Ku band geostationary communication satellite The modem provides fail safe operation which is required by most satellite operators The Lynx will automatically stop transmitting to the satellite if certain Lynx failure states are detected This prevents the Lynx from interfering with other sites in the Libra network or other satellite users The Lynx will automatically turn off its transmitter if its GPS receive loses lock and the frequency reference begins to drift if an internal synthesizer loses lock if the remote stops receiving authorizations from the central site may indicate a misaligned remote antenna or if the remote transmit power control fails The Lynx will resume transmission if the error condition is cleared and the Lynx passes the appropriate self tests Specifications Ku band operation full duplex other bands optionally available Transmit frequency 14 0 to 14 5 GHz Receive frequency 10 95 GHzto 11 7 GHz 11 7 GHz to 12 2 GHz factory option 12 25 GHz to 12 75 GHz factory option Carrier tuning step size 100 Hz Transmit frequency stability 2 KHz other stabilities optional Spurious emissions lt 4dBW 4KHz 14 14 5 GHz Tx transmit level 1W max 5W typical operating adjustable in 0 25 dB steps by remote control Idle state emission 50 dBc Occupied bandwidth 90 KHz typical 26dB at 50 KHz Tx modulation QPSK Tx data rate 64 Kbps using rate 2 FEC 11
13. configurable parameters which control the operation of the Lynx Digitiser which can be accessed and controlled using the Libra User Interface a user friendly GUI interface software package For more details please refer to the separate Libra User Interface manual in the Software Reference Manual of the DSS Reference Manual The inbound from remote to hub packets are passed to the next module within the Lynx Digitiser the Satellite Modem The outbound retransmission request and control packets are received from the Satellite Modem and processed Specifications User serial ports optional Ports 1 Serial data baud rate asynchronous 1 2 to 19 2 kbps RS232 Serial ports can be configured for transparent full duplex serial or for data collection In data collection mode the Lynx packetizes and ringbuffers the serial data supporting the retransmission protocol Packet size can configured by stating bytes packet or timeout seconds packet Ethernet port Ethernet port User 10 based T Ethernet port This port is used to locally monitor and control the Lynx The Lynx can route IP packets between this port and the central site LAN Precision timing subsystem Digitally compensated crystal oscillator phase locked to GPS receiver Eight channel GPS receiver with antenna Precision UTC reference to control TDMA timing and digitiser sampling No long term timing or frequency measurement error In the absence of GPS signal provides typical
14. is expressed in units For example for a temperature sensor the offset is expressed in degrees Celsius The appropriate scale and offset values for the internal SOH parameters are determined during the final test and are entered into the as shipped configuration file A hard copy of this file is shipped with the digitiser Watchdog Timer The main processor in the digitiser has a built in watchdog timer that protects the digitiser from getting hung in an endless software loop If for any reason the watchdog is not serviced by the software at the correct frequency an automatic hardware reset signal is generated which restarts the entire digitiser RS232D I O When installed in a Lynx the digitiser has two externally accessible RS232 communications ports One external port is reserved for digitiser configuration The other provides the continuous stream of compressed seismic data for local monitoring This compressed data is the same datastream which is transmitted via satellite to the central hub The Lynx has two additional external serial data ports which are described with the comms controller board Note RS232 convention states that y MARK oroff 1 ve voltage on signal line y SPACE or on 0 voltage on signal line where all voltages are measured with respect to logic ground Flash Memory A Flash memory chip is used to store both firmware and user parameters The contents of this chip are read on system initializati
15. the Options Settings window Press the Buttons tab Find the first line with nothing under the Value heading Under the Value heading type XFER type c zocuploadMrdzz hex 1 gt amp ZOCHFC r The file indicated should contain the new digitiser firmware release Uo ecc 6 Under the Button Text heading type HRDzz replace zz with the appropriate release number 7 Press the Save button 8 A button should have been created with the label HRDzz at the top of the ZOC window 9 Pressing this button is equivalent to selecting the same file using the Select ASCII Upload File dialog box except no Bytes sent status 10 With the digitiser off test the button created by pressing it 11 A window labeled ZOC Shell Window should pop up with the name of the file being uploaded 12 Double click on the button at the top left of this window to close it Otherwise it will automatically close several minutes later when the entire file has been uploaded 13 Close ZOC Lynx Manual 74 Appendix External Cable Drawings Appendix G External Cable Drawings Souriau 851 06EC 14 19P50 Sourau 851 02 14 195 50 SOH AGnd SOH3 f Temp AGnd 2 0 HBD Portis 2 089 Female green 215 CALLISTO Digitizer Config 3 a External Data DB9 Controller Internal REVISION HISTORY Re
16. the upload time from 8 to 4 minutes while uploading at 38400 reduces it upload reliably at 38400 to 2 minutes 1 2 3 Access the digitiser setup menu as outlined above Press the C key to select the Configuration menu option Press the H key to select the Edit hardware setup parameters option On older firmware press the G key to select the Edit data communications parameters option Press the B key to change the Configuration baud rate setting Lynx Manual 73 9600 baud is the fastest baud rate that is reliable on all machines However PCs with buffered com ports have a 16550 compatible UART or fast 486s and Pentiums should Appendix F Upgrading HRD24 firmware using ZOC 5 Type the desired new baud rate and press Enter 6 Check that the baud rate has been changed 7 Press the Esc key twice to return to the main digitiser setup menu 8 Pressthe P key to select the Program user settings option 9 Power off the digitiser 10 Press the button labeled 9600 8 1 at the bottom left corner of ZOC 11 Change the Com Port baud to the new baud rate set in the digitiser 12 Press the Save button Creating a button for uploading firmware Note this feature is only available on ZOC for OS 2 This feature is of most use when the file to upload is not in the zoc upload directory and requires a lot of drive and directory changing to find it using the Select ASCII Upload File dialog box 1 Start ZOC Open
17. to troubleshoot to the board level and replace the board Disassembly Instructions The following tools are required 1 Phillips screwdriver for 4 and 8 screws 2 3mm Allen Key 3 SMA torque wrench 4 Adjustable wrench Instructions 1 Remove all power from the Lynx Remove the screws around the edge of the front plate Remove the card cage chassis from the can Disconnect the connectors from the card cage Un es LES Remove the screws holding the card cage front cover to the card cage The cards may be removed from the card cage by extracting the cards Assembly Instructions The assembly instructions are the reverse of the disassembly instructions The coaxial SMA connectors must be tightened with a SMA torque wrench for correct operation HRD Configuration Port The HRD configuration port is RS 232 port used for configuration and HRD firmware downloading It is a three pin port RX TX and GND The port is on the SOH communications connector TX PinH GND RX PinG Access to that port is enabled with the Lynx test cable through the connector marked Digitiser Config See Appendix G for detailed pin assignment description of a factory test cable and other cables Lynx Manual 31 Servicing Software amp Firmware Updates HRD24 Firmware Update Procedure New firmware is uploaded through the factory test port See the section above for a description of the factory test port This paragraph contains the ne
18. x F sample out The low frequency response is also configurable using the DC removal IIR filter With no filter the response is to DC With the DC removal filter enabled it can be set to a number of predetermined frequencies depending on the customers application System Filter Values Transfer Functions The transfer functions of all the components in the Lynx are as follows Analog Low Pass Anti alias Filter 5th order Bessel Low pass O 0 20 2004 501 50 2 o toi 2 82 to to2 2 s Note 1 Damping and are related by the expression D 1 20 2 The complex frequency response is obtained by substituting s j Digital FIR Low pass N 1 x n i i 0 Optional Digital IIR High pass y n K x Ix x n 1 F1 x y n 1 Digital Response Time Domain Difference Equations y x n iscurrent sample x n 1 is previous sample etc y n is the output sample y n 1 is the previous output sample c 1 is a FIR coefficient N is the number of coefficients K is the filter gain see coefficients for calculation of value is the filter coefficient see coefficients for calculation of value Lynx Manual 61 Appendix Filter Response Plots Poles amp Zeroes Coefficients The values for all the coefficients for these transfer functions and for the different sample rates are 5th Order Bessel Analog Low pass Filter 1500Hz 0 14713 02 16594 14202 Q 0
19. xxxxxx The TCP detected the invalid pointer xxxxxx in the memory buffer Main loop stopped rebooting The TCP detected that the main processing loop is no longer running It is rebooting to recover The TCP may also report any message as a Fatal Message if on startup it finds an invalid memory buffer but a valid message This message is sent as a Fatal Message to possibly help explain why it rebooted Verbose Trace Debug Messages Message 1058 Message 1063 Message 1064 TCP got AUX msg xxx The TCP received the message xxx from the AUX Event started n trigs m The event detector has declared the start of an event with n triggers m is bitmask indicating which triggers were on at the time Event ended n trigs m The event detector has declared the end of an event with n triggers m is a bitmask indicating which triggers were on at the time Lynx Manual 59 This page intentionally left blank Appendix Filter Response Plots Poles amp Zeroes Appendix D Filter Response Plots Poles amp Zeroes Response Analog signals connected to the Lynx are low pass filtered using a three stage anti alias filter before being sampled at 240 kHz This data is later low pass filtered and decimated using a 3 to 5 stage FIR filter to give the output sample rate Depending on the requested sample rate different filters are used and different number of filter stages are required The output bandwidth will always be 0 4
20. 0 duration 3600 Lynx Manual 45 Appendix Libra Data Format Incoming Packets All incoming packets consist of a synchronization pattern oldest packet available for a data stream time stamp bundle n other bundles and a CRC 2 bytes Synchronization Word 4 bytes Oldest Packet Available for a Data Stream 17 bytes Packet Header Bundle 17 n bytes n bundles where n is odd 2 bytes Packet CRC Compressed Data Packet A data packet always consists of a time stamp bundle followed by n data bundles where n is user defined A time stamp bundle contains a sequence number the time of the first sample instrument ID model and serial number sample rate of packet and channel number and the first sample Compressed Data Packet Header Bundle 1 byte Packet type bit 5 1 is for retransmit 4 bytes Long seconds 2 bytes Sub seconds in 10 000th of a second 2 bytes Instrument ID 5 bit model type 11 bit serial number 4 bytes Sequence Number 1 byte Sample Rate Channel 5 bits for sample rate 3 bits for channel 3 bytes first sample The instrument ID defines the instrument type transmitting the channel of data Currently the following instrument IDs are defined HRD Orion RM3 RM4 Lynx Cygnus Callisto Carina Reserved for future use Q O LD 1 o2 The sample rate is an enumerated value The table below defines the different sample rates 0 reserved 6 40s s 12 250
21. 0 4 ppmover temperature range State of health channels amp Remote site Log Internal electronics module temperature Battery supply voltage Three external slow sampled once every 8 seconds SOH channels 10 bit Time variation GPS time minus station time at GPS lock Phase lock loop status locked fine locked free running GPS status 2D Nav 3D Nav searching single satellite GPS location Lat Long and Elevation Lynx Manual 13 Technical Description GPS of satellites tracked and signal strength Transceiver carrier amp synthesizer lock Outbound packet error rate Eb No figure of merit Calibration optional Sinusoidal sensor calibration User programmable calibration waveform amplitude frequency and duration manual from central site Control Supports Central Site control of transmit amp receive frequency amp transmitter power Configuration setup and status are accessible via local Ethernet port Responds to remote assignment of TDMA slot and transmit interval and packet length Transmitter shutdown on frame time error or self test failure Self test on startup Lynx Manual 14 Technical Description Satellite Modem Module Operation The Satellite Modem board provides the satellite communications interface together with the SSPB and LNB modules mounted on the satellite antenna The transceiver uses an efficient QPSK modulation which allows up to 112 kbps of data to be passed through a single 100 kHz satellite
22. 2 Kbps using rate 7 8FEC Rx demodulation BPSK Rx demod sensitivity 10 5 BER at Eb No 5 5 dB using rate FEC Rx data rate 32 Kbps using rate FEC Lynx Manual 15 This page intentionally left blank Getting Started 5 Getting Started Introduction Installation This section is intended to provide the information required to verify that the Lynx is performing correctly when received by the customer Prior to proceeding with field installation we recommend reading the entire manual before finalizing on the many options which are available to match the digitiser to the actual application The Lynx Digitiser is mounted at the back of the satellite antenna and connected as shown in figure 3 NO TE The SSPBan d the LN B are ror rally ire talled 90 degreeto each oth er the ilu stration s hows the m in line for clarity ELM Ay to POWER Battery 418 IHANSG and DIG Figure 3 Figure 3 Lynx Digitiser installation For more details on installation of the Lynx Digitiser please refer to the Libra Remote Site Installation Guide a part of the system Reference Manual Wherever possible the remote site systems should be temporarily installed and fully tested at the central site before the final remote site installation This greatly simplifies configuration and installation activities Lynx Manual 17 Getting Started Testing the Lynx Modules
23. 3114520 41534900 12595930 20422150 20677420 19045860 41058640 11441210 24262950 15440160 80869100 14800320 93961880 15915570 11696820 15757160 24120900 11472870 20675100 84200660 27084270 64 E 03 E 02 E 01 00 04 02 E 01 00 05 04 03 03 E 03 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 01 E 01 E 01 E 02 E 00 E 03 E 03 E 02 E 02 E 01 E 03 E 00 E 00 E 01 E 02 E 02 E 04 E 04 E 04 11983370E 02 60717290E 02 26318100E 02 15823440 00 12167770E 02 12949710E 01 27110750E 01 34235910E 04 33569670E 04 11221470E 03 48829860E 03 93176250E 03 87963280E 03 43635570E 03 33271760E 02 68085340E 02 82323910E 02 39059990E 02 95799080E 02 35219510E 01 87902020E 01 19101250E 03 82881090E 03 57334200E 04 79813300E 02 24551390E 01 33307630E 01 18025140 00 71106050E 01 19135740E 01 10071550E 02 52109530E 03 34052430E 04 93979800E 04 46485310E 04 Appendix Filter Response Plots Poles amp Zeroes 15100320 74491660 62718340 15615300 40450460 12135200 85628220 13876500 30945470 44036450 83180910 FIR 9 Filter Coefficients 63165740 52688010 87046720 19491400 34411790 46279200 45373710 19861020 40992450 14223950 27808870 42759340 55291660 60176520 51488380 23864060 25880070 97042
24. 4249080 02 10700780E 01 13670180E 01 15746090E 01 16093270E 01 13085150E 01 57424880E 03 21718010 00 18411240 04 26043100 04 82442490E 04 67405480E 04 81320900E 05 16048740E 03 21272770 03 33505350E 04 Appendix Filter Response Plots Poles amp Zeroes 20673650E 03 33995610E 03 38523620E 03 31579180E 03 13760430E 03 10787590 03 35208950E 03 51762300E 03 54179750E 03 39867720E 03 11216670E 03 24520840E 03 56929360E 03 75359680E 03 72298160E 03 46145650E 03 24388810E 04 47066000E 03 87408170E 03 10481340 02 91212410E 03 47452460E 03 15975800E 03 81206220E 03 12786600E 02 13927240E 02 10812130E 02 39795400E 03 48014670 03 12964150E 02 17875410E 02 17662870 02 11884130E 02 18094000 03 98108760E 03 19470490E 02 23942110E 02 21323790E 02 11766510E 02 23782690E 03 17093030 02 27805280E 02 30777790 02 24364060E 02 97198160E 03 93041830E 03 27128880E 02 38046110E 02 38003170E 02 26026980E 02 48070990E 03 19821030E 02 40427900 02 50181070E 02 45043970 02 25293030 02 41830170E 03 35003010E 02 57607290E 02 64147440E 02 51099710E 02 20761460E 02 18935850E 02 56389330 02 79612020 02 79942670 02 55064680E 02 10335250 02 42143110E 02 86632170E 02 10829570E 01 97904870E 02 55284280E 02 96807720E 03 79023240 02 13135920E 01 14809990E 01 11950010E 01 48711300
25. 530 18360320 27346700 34870880 38698640 36408040 25721630 48599150 27166160 70426100 12425050 18802240 26359450 36463380 58698170 FIR 10 Filter Coefficients 58341210 17651870 50695700 61274060 95796680 64496310 10159850 25939080 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 01 02 E 01 E 01 E 06 E 05 E 05 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 03 E 02 E 02 E 01 E 01 E 01 E 01 E 01 E 05 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 03 E 03 28415160 85078410 28758020 23363420 40599480 71365120 11041720 12249520 11665130 55420730 88529390 62659390 92897450 38979440 11616430 32263790 59500730 85775730 97951750 78728180 10259850 12008070 31267720 54898170 78727530 96290410 99472770 79823550 30438790 51828330 16423060 29651350 43023520 53930380 59171980 55216500 38455880 52905760 48309240 12872000 25168140 47557470 12526940 97909810 10377960 72113060 23651500 97157430 13074540 17182670 23160750 Lynx Manual E 03 E 03 E 03 E 02 E 02 E 03 E 01 E 01 E 01 E 01 E 01 E 06 E 05 E 06 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 04 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 03 E 02 E 01 E 01 E 01 00 05 04
26. 78 0x2F72 0 5 5 0 41 0x2D62 0x92B9 Ox3EFB Ox4B4C 0 595 0 3 0 8330 OxD68D Ox79D7 0xA12A 0 0 70 0 7 7 Outgoing Packets Appendix B Libra Data Format All outgoing packets are a fixed size of 30 bytes There are no retransmit requests from the destination for outgoing packets The basic format is as follows 2 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes 1 byte 3 bytes 4 x 4 bytes 2 bytes Synchronization Word AA BB Instrument ID 5 bits model type 11 bits serial number Long Seconds Packet Type Packet Information Header Data Section Packet CRC Retransmission Request by Sequence Number Packet 1 byte 1 byte 2 bytes 4 bytes 4 bytes 4 bytes 4 bytes Packet type 1 Channel Spare Sequence number requested Sequence number 2 requested Sequence number 3 requested Sequence number 4 requested Retransmission Request by Sequence Number Range Packet 1 byte 1 byte 2 bytes 4 bytes 4 bytes 8 byte digitiser Calibration Packet 1 byte 1 byte 2 bytes 4 bytes 4 bytes 4 bytes 2 bytes us int32 float float us int32 Packet type 2 Channel Spare First sequence number requested Last sequence number requested Spare Packet Type 6 Channel Mask ch 1 2 3 4 1 2 4 8 Spare Start Time long seconds Frequency in Hz 0 01 lt freq lt sample rate 2 Amplitude in Volts 0 lt amp lt 5 0 Duration in seconds
27. 881280 12572530 55240180 18237780 30083210 26257430 94634530 81525810 16935290 22094260 14170540 45041460 FIR 5 Filter Coefficients 12782890 21918730 14973390 25742180 40091240 28451320 76832370 FIR 7 Filter Coefficients 17959570 29584940 14987090 21350310 16726350 FIR 8 Filter Coefficients 53052610 50472810 91897430 E 04 E 02 E 01 E 01 E 00 E 04 E 02 E 02 E 01 E 04 E 04 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 03 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 03 E 02 E 01 E 01 E 01 E 01 E 04 E 03 E 02 E 02 E 02 E 01 E 01 00 01 01 02 03 E 05 E 04 E 04 19972690E 03 12344440E 02 17666850E 01 68053870E 01 18999690E 03 56870410E 03 21592960E 01 20294310 00 23775850 04 43931380E 04 12775610E 04 27300920E 03 72734340 03 10165270E 02 42009940E 03 17077060E 02 51224640E 02 79983710E 02 70231140E 02 15189370E 02 20608240E 01 55255850E 01 18229700 00 48643590 04 10430840E 03 18942790 02 57240760E 02 41013180E 02 21612060E 01 12189460 00 15658660 00 19804620 03 82432300 02 18729370 02 30742490E 04 10953120E 04 68211750E 04 71636490E 04 Lynx Manual 59127680 11587740 16153700 11598610 48271860 64952830 46964620 30618330 57189790 74450120 20250920 23787890 12936810 11356850 25042740 31243130 1
28. AUX or after 5 minutes of no user activity Recording Started Data recording has started as requested by the AUX Recording stopped Data recording has stopped as requested by the AUX Window started ssss eeee The recording window from time ssss to time eeee has started Window ended ssss eeee The recording window from time ssss to time eeee has ended fine locked The TCP is phase locked It is using the average of several seconds of GPS messages The absolute time error is less than 10 microseconds coarse locking The TCP is phase locking skewing the time to the correct GPS lost navigation The GPS engine is not able to generate a navigation solution using the satellites in view GPS gain navigation The GPS engine is now able to generate a navigation solution using the satellites it is tracking User button pressed The TCP detected a user button press The next message indicates the action taken which is turning on the LEDs or powering on the AUX Lynx Manual 55 Appendix Instrument Log Messages Message 1072 Message 1073 Message 1075 Message 1076 Message 1079 Message 1080 Warning Messages Message 1024 Message 1025 Message 1026 Message 1039 Message 1043 GPS power on The TCP powered the GPS on so that it can correct its internal time GPS power off The TCP powered the GPS off after it had corrected its time to within 1 microsecond or after the max
29. All the data seismic and status data is gathered into sequenced and time stamped packets These packets start with a synchronization word plus an Old packet available word and finish with a CRC The packets consist of 17 byte bundles of data Each bundle is an independent collection of data Each packet contains a time stamp bundle followed by n data bundles where n is odd In order to word align packets an odd number of bundles is used This principally benefits the TCP The number of bundles in a packet is a programmable parameter The number of bundles is odd and has a range of 1 255 This allows the packet size to be tailored to the data link The packet size should be optimized for the data link Short packets should be used on noisy error prone data links Packets may be the same size for the entire network or different on each branch a branch is connected to one RM 4 port or one Libra remote serial port of the network instruments on a given branch must use the same packet size Short messages must be padded out to the packet size Outgoing packets may have a different packet size In summary a channel is a unique stream of information an instrument may transmit 1 or more channels of information a packet contains information from only one channel y apacketis a uniquely identifiable collection of information that is transmitted packets are a configurable fixed size y abranch connects 1 or more instruments to one por
30. BD3 0 2 0x4C74 0x39C3 0 51 43 RecvByte 0 Ox57AD 0x6536 Ox74BF OxF8F7 0 1081 0x8D40 OxBFDB 0x1399 0x6726 OxFAE7 0 87 0x453C OxBDCB 0x538D 0x6116 OxFCD7 0 8868 0 0528 0 378 3 OxAA72 0 6306 OxFEC7 0 5 0 411 0x35A3 0xA862 OxO9AF9 OxFOB7 0x0840 0x8500 OxB79B Ox2A5A 0 5 5 OxF2A7 0 Ox5DFD OxB58B 0 284 0x1AD1 0 497 0 8028 0 0108 0 52 Ox76AF OxD9F5 0 42 0 709 0 99 1 0 263 0 728 OxDDD5 0 242 0x8B70 0x19C9 0xA612 0 4 6 OxD1B5 0 402 0x0B58 0 91 1 0x8C48 0x3393 OxDAED 0x4434 0x3183 Ox9ED9 0x0420 0 7 OxDECD 0 4014 0 96 Ox16B1 0x8408 0x2B52 OxD2AD 0 7 7 0 2942 0 9699 0 7 7 0 0 4 44 0 704 OxF59F 0 685 0 1 1 0 0 8238 0 1 9 OxF78F 0 6 4 0x58D5 17 Appendix B Libra Data Format Ox5BCD 0 416 0 0 68 0x93B1 OxE606 0x495C 0x6956 Ox78DF 0x90A9 0x8120 Ox3FF3 0 2 7 0x6B46 0 7 OxD49D 0 514 Ox3DE3 0 2 6 Lynx Manual 0x0C60 OxB3BB 0 4854 0 1 1 44 0 1 9 0xA232 OxF687 0x59DD 0xA022 0x0F
31. D2 trigger which reports the end of a trigger The D1 bundle contains the peak amplitude the half period of the amplitude and the samples after trigger of the peak amplitude 1 byte Bundle type 22 4 bytes Long seconds 2 bytes Sub seconds in 10 000th of a second 2 bytes LTA value low word of LTA which is a long hi word in D2 2 bytes Half period of peak amplitude 2 bytes Samples after trigger of peak amplitude 1 byte Channel 3 bits trigger 5 bits 3 bytes Peak amplitude D2 Late STA LTA Trigger Bundle The D2 STA LTA trigger bundle reports the end of a STA LTA trigger event It is sent at a programmable time after a trigger is finished It reports the end time of the trigger along with some statistics about the trigger The D2 bundle contains the peak amplitude the half period of the amplitude and the samples after trigger of the peak amplitude for the entire trigger event 1 byte Bundle type 23 4 bytes Long seconds Lynx Manual 53 2 bytes 2 bytes 2 bytes 2 bytes 1 byte 3 bytes Event Bundle 1 byte 4 bytes 4 bytes 1 byte 1 byte 6 byte Appendix B Libra Data Format Sub seconds in 10 000th of a second LTA value hi word of LTA which is a long low word in D1 Half period of peak amplitude Samples after trigger of peak amplitude Channel 3 bits trigger 5 bits Peak amplitude Bundle type 24 Long Seconds End Time in Long seconds Cause 1 external 2 internal 4 manual calibrat
32. Lynx Manual Revision History Style Sheet is X Company SmartMasters Orion Filenames X Company Manuals ReferenceManual Components Lynx RevA LynxManual lwp X Company Manuals ReferenceManual Components Lynx RevA LynxTitlePage X Company Manuals ReferenceManual Components Lynx RevB LynxManual lwp X Company Manuals ReferenceManual Components Lynx RevB LynxTitlePage Rev Date Author Description A 16 Aug 99 Mark Hayman Initial release B 22 Mar 00 Brad Tavner Rev E Chassis updates Approval Table of Contents 1 1 2 Organization of this Manual ssssssss eR mee eene 3 3 Unpacking amp Post Delivery Inspection 5 4 Technical Description cie ce ie eaa d E D e E EET A 7 Overview of the Hardware 7 24 Module ae nas IRAK cao BS ea COE ERR ER ER eee ARRA TEM MS 9 Comms Controller Module 1 sss e eee ee he e e e ns 13 Satellite Modem Module 15 5 Getting 51160 C Ee da 17 Introd ction d E LE EU e eR ee d E m eee 17 Installation ER ER EE C RARE RM 17 Testing the Lynx Modules ssssssssssssssssss mes e e esee ere 18 6 Hardware Setup 21 Introduction
33. MG40T 2550 e pokom 3 186 nm s Table 2 Configuring the ADC for CMG40T active seismometer Configuring for an active seismometer with mass position monitoring The first step required when connecting to an active seismometer is setting the input sensitivity and input impedance of the ADC The input sensitivity would either be chosen to give a system sensitivity of Inm s or to set the full scale levels of the seismometer and the Lynx to be the same Connection to an active sensor such as CMG40T will consist of connecting the main sensor coil to the signal inputs with the positive coil connected to the positive input and negative to negative Connect the calibration output to the motor coil and the calibration output to Lynx Manual 33 Servicing the motor coil return The output impedance of the calibration signal is 500 ohm with a maximum current of 10mA at a voltage of 5V A series resistor is used on the calibration outputs to ensure the current is limited to this value This is not a factor with active sensors since they buffer the calibration signal internally The best performance will be found using cables built in the following manner The connection to each sensor should be made with a 6 pair double shielded with individual internal shielding 24 AWG or smaller cable An example cable of this type would be Belden 8166 The inner shields of the cable should be connected only at the connecto
34. Packets are numbered sequentially for each channel Sequence number is reset to zero when the digitiser is restarted Only the last 4 digits of the sequence number are shown The time of the first sample in the packet in the format MM SS FRAC The number of samples in the packet This is also the number of samples over which the displayed values are calculated The maximum sample value in the packet The minimum sample value in the packet The arithmetic mean of all sample values in the packet The root mean square standard deviation of the sample values in the packet The rate of change of the mean value per second This is determined through a linear regression of the sample value vs time The number of zero crossings in the packet Estimated signal frequency is based on the number of zero crossings This is meaningful only for sinusoidal input signals The GPS status display shows the GPS status and activity as determined from the most recent message received Status Unlocked Coarse Lock Fine Lock Mode NAV3D NAV2D The GPS is off or unlocked not providing accurate time information The GPS is locked and the instrument time is in fast lock mode The GPS is locked and the instrument time is in fine lock mode The GPS has a full 3D time and position solution The GPS has a 2D time and position solution Lynx Manual 68 Appendix E ViewDat The GPS is searching for satellites and does not have accura
35. T GPS 5 Figure 2 Lynx Digitiser front plate Specifications Supply voltage 11 16 VDC Power consumption 30 watts complete system includes digitiser and GPS Operating temperature 20 to 55 degrees C Humidity 0 to 10096 Lynx Manual 8 Technical Description HRD24 Module Operation An important part of the Lynx Digitiser is a 24 bit High Resolution Digitiser module hereafter the text referred to as digitiser It is a module which samples the seismometer output signal and assemb les it into packets of a proprietary format The digitiser will digitise from one to six channels of data with sample rates from 10 s s to 1000s s However the sample rate should be selected considering the throughput of the communication link Data are assembled into packets with a CRC for error detection Each packet includes a comprehensive header which holds parameters such as the packet sequence number time in long seconds and the oldest packet available See the appendix for more information on the data format The digitiser may have two software filters The first filter is a decimating FIR Finite Impulse Response filter which is used for low pass filtering of the data This is always required due to the nature of Delta Sigma converters The second filter is an optional IIR Infinite Impulse Response high pass filter to remove the DC offset from the data Appendix D shows the corner frequencies of these software filters
36. UNICATIONS connnector and RevE chassis with additional SSPB temperature sensor connector The pinouts are otherwise identical Calllisto Lynx COMMUNICATIONS SOURIAU 651 07A14 196 NSO lat 8 m o EIHERNET SOURIAU 851 07 8 25 00 47 881 07 8 25 460 47 Figure 7 Connector Pinouts Lynx Manual 37 This page intentionally left blank Appendix B Libra Data Format Appendix B Libra Data Format Introduction Libra networks use a variety of data formats and protocols to support a wide range of communications services The principle protocols used are NMXP Used to pass data between ringbuffers UDP Used to carry NMXP data between programs IP Used to carry UDP packets between nodes in the network 1 6 from Lynx to NAQS These protocols work together NMXP packets are encapsulated carried within UDP packets and UDP packets are carried within IP packets The beauty of this approach is that the outer IP Internet Protocol packet is universally recognized and can carry the seismic data payload through almost all communications media through the Internet through telephone lines through LAN Local Area Network networks through almost any modern communications facility This allows Nanometrics networks to easily merge with the customer s communications infrastructure IP Internet Protocol packets carry data from one network node to another The IP header identi
37. aced in either ADC slot The board for channels 1 3 must be present at all times when the unit is running Internal batteries A rechargeable lithium battery is used by the GPS engine to maintain its satellite almanac and other parameters and to run a low power real time clock The lithium battery will maintain the GPS for 3 to 6 months Specifications 3 channels 24 bit 6 channels optional 132 db typical dynamic range as measured RMS to RMS Operates with both active and passive sensors Selectable sample rates from 20 sps to 100 sps First difference non approximating data compression Sample instant simultaneous on all channels referenced to UTC Optical isolation between seismic AD converter and VSAT transceiver Lynx Manual 12 Technical Description Comms Controller Module Operation The comms controller board controls the flow of data traffic between the HRD24 LAN port and satellite link It shares the same Lynx enclosure box with the HRD24 module and the Satellite Modem The comms controller receives serial data from the HRD24 module in Nanometrics NM XP non approximating compressed format and encapsulates these in UDP IP packets for transmission over the satellite link It ensures that the appropriate time slot within the network TDMA scheme is used as configured from the central site Essentially the comms controller provides that each Lynx Digitiser can be considered as a remote node of a wide area network There are a number of
38. actory configured jumpers The HRD is configured using jumpers on various boards The function of all the jumpers 18 explained in the following tables Please see the as shipped sheets for the actual jumper settings Note that where applicable jumper pin 1 has a square pad The following jumper settings are set at the factory These jumpers should never be changed They are listed here for reference only User configurable jumpers are considered under the function in which the jumper is referenced ADC 1 3 Mem Cal Jumper Setting Function Jumper Setting Function J3 12 PS SYNC J5 1 2 Voltage Calibration J6 5 6 Channel 1 Address J4 Not Used J7 1 2 Channel 2 Address J7 Not Used J8 12 Channel 3 Address J6 2 3 SOHI Mass POS 1 J10 J18 2 3 Time Slot ADC 4 6 TCP Jumper Setting Function Jumper Setting Function J6 3 4 Channel 4 Address J5 12 USCA CLK J7 2 3 Channel 6 Address J6 1 2 USCB CLB J8 2 3 Channel 6 Address Jil 1 2 Flash Program Lynx Manual 35 5 Jumper J3A JA J5A J6A JIC J12B Servicing Setting Function Jumper Setting Function 12 Event In CMOS Level J3B 5 6 Event In CMOS Level 23 Event Out CMOS Level JAB 5 6 Event Out CMOS Level 23 232 J5B 5 6 CTS232 23 232 J6B N A J7B 34 RTS232 JI2A 1 2 AUX CLK 5 6 USCA RI 1 4 lt Figure 6 Pin out for J12 J3 J4 J5 J6 Standard seismometer configurations Kinemetrics Ranger Mark Products L4C Geotech S13 Guralp CMG40T Gen
39. amplitude the half period of the amplitude and the samples after trigger of the peak amplitude 1 byte Bundle type 20 4 bytes Long seconds 2 bytes Sub seconds in 10 000th of a second 2 bytes LTA value low word of LTA which is a long hi word in D2 2 bytes Half period of peak amplitude 2 bytes Samples after trigger of peak amplitude 1 byte Channel 3 bits trigger 7 5 bits 3 bytes Peak amplitude D2 Late Threshold Trigger Bundle The D2 threshold trigger bundle reports the end of threshold trigger event It is sent at a programmable time after a trigger is finished It reports the end time of the trigger along with some statistics about the trigger The D2 bundle contains the peak amplitude the half period of the amplitude and the samples after trigger of the peak amplitude for the entire trigger event 1 byte Bundle type 21 4 bytes Long seconds 2 bytes Sub seconds in 10 000th of a second 2 bytes LTA value hi word of LTA which is a long low word in D1 2 bytes Half period of peak amplitude 2 bytes Samples after trigger of peak amplitude 1 byte Channel 3 bits trigger 5 bits 3 bytes Peak amplitude D1 Early 5 Trigger Bundle The D1 STA LTA trigger bundle reports the start of a STA LTA trigger event It is sent at a programmable time after the start of a trigger It reports the start time of the trigger along with some statistics about the trigger The DI trigger bundle is followed by a
40. be started before the digitiser is powered up However the program may be started at any time it will start displaying and recording data after receiving the next data sync at the start of the next data packet VIEWDAT recognizes the following command line options Com Port Specify com or com2 to specify to which serial port the digitiser is connected Default is com2 Baud Rate Specify the baud rate for communication with the digitiser Accepted values are 12 00 24 48 96 192 and 384 The default is 38400 This MUST be set to the same value as that being used for transmission by the digitiser Data Bundles per Packet bN Specify the number of data bundles per compressed data packet This must be an odd number in the range of 1 to 59 This MUST be set to the same value as that being used for transmission by the digitiser The default is 59 Transmission Mode x Data transmission may be optimized for wire default or radio mode x In radio mode the data is scrambled and the data is augmented by filler in order to maintain the full transmission baud rate In wire mode the data is unscrambled This parameter MUST be set to the same value as that being used for transmission by the digitiser Help h Type VIEWDAT h to display a usage summary play 8 VIEWDAT recognizes the following keyboard commands V Toggles between the two display modes text and graphics P Pauses the display stops displaying incoming data
41. cessary instructions for uploading new firmware For step by step upload instructions refer to Appendix F of this manual QV UA RR D 10 11 12 Copy the firmware received on the update diskette to the PC s hard drive Connect cable to factory test port via the communications connector Connect the cable to a PC communications port Start a PC terminal emulator program Set baud rate to 9600 8 data bits no parity 1 stop bit Disable all modem handshaking options like RTS CTS DSR Xon Xoff DCD detection Power up the Lynx There should be a few beeps on the emulator then the text Version X XX compiled date time Press M key within 5 seconds or during memory test If this does not appear then check connections and emulator settings Note the firmware version and date at this point Press the M key menu will appear when the memory test is complete The memory test takes 15 seconds to complete Press the U key to select the upload new firmware option From the terminal emulator initiate an ASCII upload of the new hex file on the update diskette The firmware is uploaded into the Lynx This will take about 1 minute When the upload is complete a message upload completed programming flash will appear A few seconds later the flash will be programmed and the Lynx willreboot The text for the TCP version will appear again and it should display the new firmware version and date At this point t
42. d save the result in a file Wait 10 minutes and perform another summary extract The first summary extract should show the created gap in the data The second summary extract should show that the gap has been filled by retransmitted packets Lynx Manual 19 This page intentionally left blank Hardware Setup 6 Hardware Setup Introduction This section of the manual describes how to configure the hardware and install the Lynx for field deployment This section does not include instructions concerning radio tower antenna power supply system seismometer or any other remote site hardware installation The sizes of the front panel connectors are different for each connector and they are provided with polarization control guidance RF antenna GPS antenna and power cables are included with the unit Lynx to seismometer cables are either factory supplied or customer built depending on the contract The signal connector pin assignments are described in Appendix A Since the seismometer is third party hardware and it is not always supplied by Nanometrics the next paragraph includes instructions on how to configure and install the Lynx with different types of seismometers Signal input The Lynx input impedance may have been set at the factory to correctly damp the seismometers which to be used Please consult the as shipped sheet to verify If it is set at a high impedance level 20K the user must either provide the correct external dam
43. digitiser Remove the disk cartridge from the digitiser prior to upgrading its firmware Install ZOC on PC 1 n ES REA Configure ZOC 1 Un eiu P m cgo 2539 CON 11 12 13 14 15 Insert the appropriate ZOC installation diskette ZOC for OS 2 or ZOC for Windows into the floppy drive of the PC Open a command prompt window Change the working directory to the floppy drive by typing a at the command prompt and pressing Enter assuming A is the floppy drive At the command prompt type install if OS 2 or setup if Windows and press Enter If the Destination path box is empty type e zoc or a suitable alternative in the box Press the ZOC Install button to start the installation When notified files processed installation complete press the OK button When asked Do you want to read ZOC s DOC files now press the No button To close the command prompt window type exit and press Enter Remove the ZOC installation diskette from the floppy drive of the PC and save it in a safe place Start ZOC by double clicking on the icon created on the OS 2 desktop or from the entry in the Windows Start button menu If notified No CTS signal from COMI press the Abort button If a License Agreement window is displayed press the Agree button If notified New month do you want a phone cost report press the No button If a Getting Started help window is displayed double clic
44. digitiser time is incorrect by sss seconds and mmm milliseconds This error must remain stable for some time before the digitiser Lynx Manual 57 Appendix Instrument Log Messages Message 1082 Message 1083 Message 1085 Error Messages Message 1034 Message 1035 Message 1036 Message 1037 Message 1038 Message 1040 Message 1053 Message 1065 Message 1067 Fatal Error Messages Message 1029 will accept it as correct If the time error is 0 this indicates that the GPS is no longer indicating that the digitiser time is incorrect Digitiser time valid The digitiser time is now accepted as correct and the GPS must indicate the same error for a prolonged period for it to be accepted Any large errors in the GPS time are corrected by resetting the GPS engine Digitiser time invalid The GPS engine has repeatedly indicated that the digitiser time is wrong so the digitiser will believe it and proceed as on startup Charger mode mmmm The internal disk charger is now on either a slow charge or off indicated by mmmm DSP send cmd not ready The TCP tried to send a command to the DSP but it was not ready to receive one The TCP will restart the DSP to ensure proper acquisition DSP send cmd failed The TCP sent a command to the DSP which it did not acknowledge as completed The TCP will restart the DSP to ensure proper acquisition DSP send word not ready The TCP tried to send a wo
45. e damping resistor for each channel The damping resistor for channel 1 is R85 channel 2 is R86 and channel 3 is R87 The resistors are located on the ADC board for channels 1 3 respectively Ifthe unit has six channels then channels 4 6 can be set in exactly the same way Input Sensitivity The as shipped input sensitivity of the Lynx is shown in the as shipped sheets The user may change the input sensitivity if desired There is one resistor required for each channel to set the sensitivity The resistor value is determined by the following formulae gain 1 275 uV bit desired sensitivity uV bit Rgain 2 10e4 gain x 2 1 The sensitivity can be increased by soldering one resistor per channel onto the ADC printed circuit board For example to achieve an overall sensitivity of 192 nV per bit each gain setting resistor should be set to 1 62K ohms Figure 9 2 shows the location of the gain setting resistor for each channel The gain resistor for channel 1 is R18 channel 2 is R19 and channel 3 is R60 The resistors to set are on the ADC board for channels 1 3 respectively If the unit has six channels then channels 4 6 can be set in exactly the same way Note with no gain resistor installed the gain 0 5 and the sensitivity 2 55 uV bit The input impedance should be left in the high impedance state Seismometer Input Sensitivity Input Gain Input Gain Resistors System 8 CMG40T 800 nV 9 09K 900 inms S C
46. e memory test the menu will still be displayed and the configuration may be changed However it is UNSAFE to do a firmware upload The digitiser firmware may be severely corrupted possibly unrecoverable If intending to upload new firmware and the digitiser has proceeded past the memory test or if you are unsure if it has power it off and start again Upload new firmware 1 2 Seg 10 11 Access the digitiser setup menu as outlined above Double check that the digitiser did not proceed past the memory test Press the U key to select the Upload new firmware option On older firmware press the D key to select the Download New Firmware option The digitiser will respond with Ready to Upload Select the Transfer item from the menu bar Select the ASCII Send item from the Transfer drop down menu Use the Select ASCII Upload File dialog box to select the file containing the new digitiser firmware release Change the Drive and Directory as necessary if the firmware was not copied to c zoc upload directory Press the OK button to start the upload Do not touch the digitiser or the PC while the upload is in progress this will take almost 8 minutes When it has finished the digitiser will automatically program the new firmware and reboot The digitiser will start up with a line indicating the new version number and release date Uploading at faster than 9600 baud Note Uploading at 19200 reduces
47. enu sets up the parameters associated with the seismic data channels The number of channels is the transmitted number of channels You can have a 3 channel digitiser and only transmit one channel of data The sample rate may be any of the following sample rates 10 20 40 50 80 100 125 200 250 500 1000 s s The DC removal may be enabled 1 or disabled 0 The DC removal filter is a first order IIR filter which is done after all the FIR filtering The DC removal filter frequency may be set in the following range of 1 to 1000 milliHertz Digitiser Menu Number of channels 1 5 Sample rate 100 D DC removal enabled 1 DC removal frequency mHz 50 Data Communications Menu This menu sets up the data port on the digitiser The baud rate may be any of the standard baud rates and must be set to match the corresponding data port of the comms controller board Note that the limitations of the telemetry channel should also be considered when selecting the baud rate Changing the tx baud rate will change the rx baud rate also and while a different rx baud rate may be specified this should not be done in Lynx units Radio mode should be disabled 0 The bundles per packet defines the length of the transmission packets This allows the user to tailor the digitiser to the radio link If the link is noisy then shorter packets are called for If the link is quiet the packet can be longer Typically 19 bundles packet is used in most
48. erator constant 345 volt seconds metre Gain set to 8 02 with 1 33K ohm gain set resistor Damping set to 4200 ohms with damping resistor Configure for current drive with no mass position monitoring System sensitivity 1 nanometre per second per bit Generator constant 276 4 volt seconds metre Gain set to 7 49 with 1 43K ohm gain set resistor Damping set to 8870 ohms with damping resistor Configure for current drive with no mass position monitoring System sensitivity 1 nanometre per second per bit Generator constant 629 volt seconds metre Gain set to 3 37 with 3 48K ohm gain set resistor Damping set to 5340 ohms with damping resistor Configure for current drive with no mass position monitoring System sensitivity 1 nanometre per second per bit Generator constant 800 volt seconds metre Gain set to 1 6 with 9 09K ohm gain set resistor Damping set to open circuit with no damping resistor Configure for voltage drive with mass position monitoring System sensitivity 1 nanometre per second per bit OR Generator constant 800 volt seconds metre Gain set to nominal with no gain set resistor Damping set to open circuit with no damping resistor Configure for voltage drive with mass position monitoring enabled System sensitivity 3 186 nanometres per second per bit Lynx Manual 36 Appendix A Connector Pinouts Appendix A Connector Pinouts Two versions of Lynx chassis exist RevC chassis SSPB temperature sensor connections through COMM
49. es Lost This shows the number of bytes lost due to sync or CRC errors This should be zero for a good communication link Any change in this value indicates that one or more messages have been lost usually due to noise or fading on the serial data link Graphical Display In graphical display mode VIEWDAT plots the contents of each data packet as it is received The vertical scale may be adjusted by pressing or the current scale factor is shown in the status line at the top of the screen The horizontal scale is adjusted automatically to the number of samples in the data packet To the left of each trace VIEWDAT displays the maximum minimum mean and RMS for the current packet The sequence number and number of samples for the displayed packet is shown in the upper left corner of the trace box the time of the first sample is shown in the lower left corner Definitions of all displayed fields are given above Note that VIEWDAT plots packets since packets on different channels may be generated at different times the traces shown are not in general aligned with each other along the time axis Environment Viewdat will run under DOS DOS 6 2 or higher in DOS full screen mode under OS 2 Windows95 or WindowsNT Lynx Manual 69 This page intentionally left blank Appendix F Upgrading HRD24 firmware using ZOC Appendix F Upgrading HRD24 firmware using ZOC The following is also applicable for upgrading the digitiser firmware in an
50. faster 19 Press the Safety tab 20 Deselect the ending program Confirm option 21 Deselect the Warning for high speed without RTS CTS Miscellaneous option 22 Ifa Getting Started help window was displayed on startup press the Window tab and deselect the Initial help window Screen Elements option 23 Press the Save button at the top of the Options Settings window 24 Close ZOC by double clicking on the button at the top left of the ZOC window Copy digitiser firmware to PC s hard drive Note the new digitiser firmware must be copied to the PC s hard drive since uploading firmware from a floppy drive is not reliable A network drive is possible but a local drive is preferable 1 Insert the digitiser Release diskette into the floppy drive of the PC 2 The digitiser Release diskette contains 7 files 3 The file DSPDIAGS HEX contains a diagnostics program which the DSP runs on startup to do basic hardware checks 4 The file DSPLOAD HEX contains a utility program used to transfer the main DSP program into the DSP memory 5 The file FIRS HEX contains the FIR filter coefficients used by the DSP 6 file DSPxx HEX contains the main DSP firmware xx indicates the version number for the digitiser 7 The file TCPyyy HEX contains the TCP firmware yyy indicates the version number for the digitiser 8 Thefile HRDzzHEX contains the previous 5 files released in one file zz indicates the release numbe
51. fies the source and destination node addresses All remote site data seismic SOH serial is encapsulated in IP packets and these are transmitted by the satellite link to the central site acquisition systems TCP and UDP These are the most common Internet protocols Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol They are used to transfer data from one software process to another Libra networks use UDP to carry ringbuffer SOH and authorization data TCP is used by the Libra User Interface software to carry configuration commands to the equipment TCP and UDP are commonly encapsulated within IP packets forming TCP IP and UDP IP NMXP The Nanometrics Transfer Protocol NMXP is used to carry data to NAQS acquisition software systems This protocol is specifically designed to support acquisition sequential packet numbering permitting retransmission request identification of the oldest buffered packet allowing remote site retransmission buffers of any size seconds to days and data source and format details The NMXP protocol is described below Information about hternet Protocols TCP IP and UDP IP can be found in most modern networking texts The NMXP packet This data transmission format facilitates the transfer of compressed seismic data along with a wide variety of status information from an instrument to a central site It supports error free transmission of data using retransmission requests of bad packets It al
52. he firmware upload procedure is complete The Lynx is now ready for use If the download fails a download error message will be displayed You should try downloading again Comms Controller Firmware Update Procedure Comms Controller firmware update can be done using Libra User Interface For more details please refer to the separate Libra User Interface manual in the Software Reference Manual of the DSS Reference Manual NEVER power down the Lynx while it is doing a upload This will have catastrophic results Lynx Manual 32 Servicing Internal Configuration Options Related to the seismometer input Input Impedance The ADC board provides space for an optional input shunt resistor which can be used to damp a seismometer Calculate the required damping resistor value using instructions provided by the seismometer manufacturer Active seismometers such as the Guralp CMG40 should be used with no damping resistor The input impedance of the Lynx is normally shipped in a high impedance state see as shipped sheet The user may change the input impedance to dampen the seismometer response if desired There is one resistor required for each channel to set the impedance The resistor value is determined by the desired input impedance and the parallel resistance of 5 0Mohms Rset Rdamp 5 10e6 5 10e6 Rdamp For most practical applications set the resistor value to the desired input impedance Figure 9 2 shows the location of th
53. ignificant bit first The digitiser uses a reflected CRC algorithm Therefore select a reflected CRC algorithm to be used If the accumulated CRC value is 0 it is unaffected by the 0 byte and errors may not be detected The CRC should not be initialized to 0 if messages contain leading 0s may occur Since the receiver syncs on a non zero sync word this is not a problem if these bytes are included The digitiser uses OxFFFF as its initial value for the CRC Therefore select 0 as the initial value for the CRC If the CRC is sent as is the accumulated CRC value afterwards is then 0 This can pose problems if messages have the CRC and trailing 0s see above Modifying the CRC before transmitting it has little to gain and complicates matters The Orion XORs the CRC with OxFFFF before transmitting it and checks for OxFOBS on receive Therefore select transmitting the CRC as is define CrcUpdate usCrc ubByte usCrc gt gt ausCrcTable usCrc amp Oxff ubByte SendByte ubByte CrcUpdate usCrc ubByte UscTx ubByte ubScramble RecvByte ubByte UscRx ubScramble usCrc CrcUpdate usCrc ubByte return ubByte SendMsg pubData usCrc 0 SendByte ubSyncl SendByte ubSync2 SendLong ulOldestSequenceNumber for us 0 us lt usNumberMsgByte us SendByte pubData us usCrc2 usCrc SendWord usCrc2 RecvMsg pubData while 1 while 1 Ly
54. imum on time had elapsed Disk heater on dd seconds tt C The TCP powered the disk heater on to warm it up in preparation of starting the AUX processor There are dd seconds of memory left and the current disk temperature is tt degrees Celsius Disk heater off dd seconds tt C The TCP powered the disk heater off after warming it up in preparation of starting the AUX processor There are dd seconds of memory left and the current disk temperature is tt degrees Celsius Disk temperature tt The temperature of the disk cartridge has passed one of the safety limits to tt degrees Celsius If the disk is too hot or too cold the AUX processor may not work correctly The disk may be heated to within temperature specifications or these limits may be disregarded GPS engine state sssss The GPS engine state has changed to sssss which is one of the following Search The GPS engine is searching for satellites Track The GPS engine is tracking at least one satellite 2D Nav The GPS engine is navigating in 2D constant altitude 3D Nav The GPS engine is navigating in 3D TCP version m nn The TCP startup message with version number m nn Clock zap sss mmm The internal time of TCP has changed by sss seconds and mmm milliseconds A discontinuity in data timing will result TCP rxmsg mmm st xx The TCP received the unexpected message mmm from the AUX while in state DSP diag RC r cnt n The DSP diagnostics returned the value
55. in counts 2 bytes Frequency Error in counts sec or counts 16 secs 2 bytes Crystal temperature 1 byte PLL Status 1 fine locked 2 coarse locking 3 temp ref gps off 4 temp ref gps on 1 byte GPS Status 0 3D 1 2D 2 1 sat 3 search 4 gps off 5 6 gps error Null Bundle This bundle is provided to pad out packets The first occurrence of a Null bundle indicates that there is no further data in the packet The null bundle contains no useful information The receiver should disregard this bundle and may skip to the next packet 1 byte Bundle Type 9 16 bytes Filler Min Max1 Bundle The activity indicator provides a 1 Hz or slower filtered summary of a seismic data channel This would be used to provide the end user with a summary of the collected data This allows the user to quickly browse large quantities of data for events The data may be filtered using a 5th order filter The filter may be low pass high pass or band pass In order not to lose the higher frequency information the minimum and maximum over the interval of the filtered signal is stored The interval is a programmable value of 1s or greater 1 byte Bundle type 10 4 bytes Long seconds 3 bytes Filtered min over Ist interval 3 bytes Filtered max over Ist interval 3 bytes Filtered min over 2nd interval 3 bytes Filtered max over 2nd interval Lynx Manual 51 Appendix Libra Data Format Min Max2 Bundle The activity indicator provides a 1 Hz
56. ing to disassemble the Lynx in the future to determine the values The first value is the sensitivity and the second value is the impedance as shown in the menu below These Lynx Manual 27 Firmware Configuration values are not used within the Lynx On the Orion these values are used by the Channel Sensitivity menu and should be set correctly Input Sensitivity amp Impedance Menu sensitivity nV bit impedance ohms 1 Channel 1 1 000 1 000 2 Channel 2 1 000 1 000 3 Channel 3 1 000 1 000 4 Channel 4 1 000 1 000 5 Channel 5 1 000 1 000 6 Channel 6 1 000 1 000 Channels 1 3 B Channels 4 6 Channels 1 6 GPS Power Cycling Menu The GPS edit menu configures the power cycling parameters for the GPS engine The GPS may have power cycling enabled 1 or disabled 0 If power cycling is disabled the GPS engine is on continuously this is recommended for most digitiser applications Power cycling is used to conserve power and trades off against timing accuracy The power interval is the time between GPS power ups Every 30 minutes is recommended The maximum on duration is the time the GPS will remain on if it cannot lock 5 minutes is recommended Gps Power Cycling Menu C Enable power cycling 1 Power interval min 60 D Maximum power duration min 10 SOH Calibration Menu The SOH information is transmitted by the digitiser in a floating point format of user units such as temperature This menu allows the
57. installations See the data format section for more information on this Since the satellite link supports 2 way communications re tx requests should be enabled 1 so the acquisition program can request missing data The tx twice should be disabled 0 The tx twice delay in seconds can be left as default Data Port Menu Tx amp Rx Baud rate 9600 9600 Bundles per packet 19 Enable radio mode Enable re txrequests Enable tx twice Tx twice delay sec 9 2 x Z Z Calibration Menu This menu is sets the temperature curve for the ADC crystal The only time these values should be changed is when ADC or TCP cards are swapped between HRD s DO NOT USE this menu otherwise These coefficients are calibrated at the factory and should never need to be changed Consult the factory for further details Lynx Manual 29 Firmware Configuration Temperature Coefficients Menu U Upload new coefficients I Initialize coefficients Check checksum V View coefficients Orion Specific Menu In this menu the Enable Orion mode must be set to 0 This puts the digitiser into digitiser mode Do not change the other parameters Orion Specific Menu O Enable Orion mode 0 M Disk heat mode 3 H Minutes of heat per degree 8 R Safe disk temperature range C 5 50 V Battery voltage levels 12 25 11 5 10 9 Lynx Manual 30 Servicing 8 Servicing Maintenance Repair philosophy Object is
58. ion Trigger Flags 1 bit per trigger LSB trigger 0 Spare Lynx Manual 54 Appendix Instrument Log Messages Appendix C Instrument Log Messages The Lynx instrument log provides a record of the normal ongoing operation of the instrument as well as specific incidents which may affect data quality or timing The Lynx generates 5 different categories of message Information Warnings Errors Fatal Errors Debug Info Document the normal operation of the Lynx Minor incidents which may slightly affect data quality or timing Incidents which may result in significant loss of data Serious malfunctions of the Lynx Verbose trace messages This is a complete list of the messages generated by the Lynx digitiser Some of the messages in this list are relevant only to a Lynx digitiser running in Orion mode All the messages that reference the AUX should never occur while running in Lynx mode Informational Messages Message 1039 Message 1041 Message 1042 Message 1054 Message 1055 Message 1056 Message 1057 Message 1060 Message 1061 Message 1068 Message 1069 Message 1070 DSP diag RC r cnt n The DSP diagnostics returned the value r on the nth time run This is an informational message if r is 0 and a warning message otherwise TCP turn LEDs on The TCP turned on the LEDs after detecting a user button press TCP turn LEDs off The TCP turned off the LEDs after powering off the
59. ion Menu Edit hardware setup parameters Edit input sensitivity amp impedance parameters Edit gps power cycling parameters Edit soh calibration parameters Edit log settings parameters Edit digitiser parameters Edit data port parameters Edit Orion specific parameters Edit temperature coefficients KOVOUNY OME Configuration Submenus Hardware Setup Menu The parameters in this menu tell the software what hardware is in the digitiser The serial number should not be changed unless some board swapping is done The number of channels defines the number of physical ADC channels present This is usually 3 or 6 channels The number of memory banks defines the number of 256K blocks of memory present in the digitiser For HRDs with no memory this value is 0 For Orion this value is 8 and HRDs with expanded memory the value is 13 The PIC version number applies to the Orion only which is pre configured and should not be changed The last item sets the baud rate for the configuration port Hardware Setup Edit Menu 5 Serial amp model number 153 4 Number of channels 3 B Number of memory banks 0 P Pic version number 2 B Configuration Baud rate 9600 Use 9600 baud for GPS 1 Input Sensitivity amp Impedance Menu The input sensitivity amp impedance menu is used to store the ADC gain and damping resistor values When you change the ADC gain and damping resistor values update this table at the same time It saves hav
60. ived an invalid message from the auxof length nnn The status word from the serial port was xxxx Inv msg len exp nnn got mmm The TCP received an invalid message length from the aux The message said it was nnn bytes instead it received mmm bytes Config saved ok The configuration was saved successfully The TCP is now rebooting to use the new configuration Battery voltage nn nn The input voltage has changed over a battery voltage threshold value The current voltage reading is nn nn volts Rx invalid config The TCP received an invalid configuration from the AUX The TCP is ignoring it and continuing to run with its current configuration PLL did not fine lock The GPS was on for its maximum allowed duration before it could correct its time error to within microsecond The GPS is being turned off anyway Using xxxx power source The Orion switched the source of its input voltage The Orion will use the mains charger power supply if present otherwise it will use the external battery if it has not been discharged in which case it will use the internal batteries Disk removed The Orion has detected that the disk cartridge has been removed The AUX processor will not be booted until after it has been inserted If it is not inserted before running out of memory data will be lost Disk inserted The Orion has detected that the disk cartridge has been inserted GPS time error sss mmm The GPS is reporting the
61. k on the button at the top left of the help window to close it Select the Options item from the menu bar Select the Settings item from the Options drop down menu Check that the I O Device is set to Serial Modem Check that the Com Port is set to the PC comport to which the digitiser configuration port is connected Check that the Com Port baud is set to 9600 The Orion s are shipped with the configuration port set to 9600 baud However it may have been changed since then Check that the Com Port is set to 8N1 8 bits data no parity stop bit is the only option for the configuration port Deselect the Com Port Valid CD signal handshaking option The other handshaking options should already be deselected The digitiser configuration port does not have any of the modem control signals used for handshaking Press the Transfer tab at the right if OS 2 or at the top if Windows of the Options Settings Select the Compuserve B Protocol Select both the Disable ENQ and the Disable ENQ message Compuserve B options This will prevent ZOC from hanging on binary data Lynx Manual 71 Appendix F Upgrading HRD24 firmware using ZOC 16 Select the Zmodem Protocol 17 If OS 2 press the right arrow button at the bottom right to go to Page 2 of 2 of the transfer options otherwise if Windows press the Transfer 2 tab 18 Change the ASCII Clipboard Sending option Char delay to 0 This will make ASCII uploads MUCH
62. n using the new parameters you have specified The sub menus can be reached by pressing the corresponding key for example type C to access the Configuration sub menu To exit from the Main Menu type R This allows the HRD24 to start normal data acquisition To exit from any given sub menu press the Escape key This brings you back one level of menu Typing a space or pressing the Enter key redisplays the current menu The digitiseris not case sensitive If the startup message does not appear or is different then please consult the factory The menus may also be remotely accessed via a dial in modem if the digitiser has been so configured Lynx Manual 26 Firmware Configuration Configuration Menus Since the HRD24 module is a part of other Nanometrics products such as the Callisto radio digitiser or Orion portable seismograph it has the same user interface The configuration menus allow the user to tailor the Lynx for a specific application Care must be taken when configuring these parameters Understand what a parameter does before changing it Generally the Lynx is pre configured at the factory and the user should not have to modify the parameters in these menus After the digitiser has been reconfigured the Program user settings option in the top level Setup Menu must be selected to save the new configuration Configuration Top Level Menu All of the items in the main configuration menu are sub menus digitiser Configurat
63. nks Non zero data must always be transmitted by radios To accomplish this the instruments transmit filler packets whenever there is no data to transmit Repeaters discard received filler packets and generate their own filler packets for transmission This method is required because a repeater can also multiplex The only valid data in a filler packet is the bundle type The rest of the packet is filled a value that is good for radio transmission to be defined Filler Packet Header Bundle 1 byte Packet type 9 bit 5 1 is for retransmit 16 bytes defined as filler characters Note scrambler default is 0xA5 The following is a graphical illustration of an incoming data stream containing only data packets and filler packets An actual data stream will also have state of health packets Lynx Manual 47 Appendix Libra Data Format Compressed Data Packet Start Data Stop MSB 76 5432 10 LSB 1 Byte 10 bits 0000 0001 Packet first time 0010 0001 Packetretransmitted Sync Word Oldest packet HRD mem Dei ers Sy 111 213141516171 8 12 13 14 15 16 17 Packet Long seconds Subseconds ID Sequence s s First sample value type 1 10 000s 5 bit model ch others are 11 bit S N differences E Compressed Data Packet Header Bundle Compression bits indicate not used Each data set can represent 4 sample
64. nt refer to the shipping documents The system should have the following contents Lynx digitiser GPS antenna and mounting bracket GPS antenna cable Satellite antenna cables Power cable Satellite antenna Lynx digitiser manual As shipped Sheet Release Notes if applicable oie CD with digitiser test program configuration user interface software and firmware code Checking the As Shipped Sheets As written this manual covers the Lynx digitiser Please study the as shipped data sheet to determine the exact configuration of the digitiser The as shipped sheet lists the serial numbers of the parts shipped the exact hardware configuration and calibration constants associated with your hardware It also includes a hard copy of the as shipped sheet of the Lynx digitiser This will determine how your Lynx digitiser operates when first turned Several features may have been added to the digitiser since this manual was released Such new features are described in the Release Notes which have precedence over the information in the manual Backup Itis strongly recommended that you backup the CD or the diskette Lynx Manual 5 This page intentionally left blank Technical Description 4 Technical Description Overview of the Hardware The Lynx satellite telemetry digitiser is specifically intended to be deployed with satellite telemetry seismograph networks with error correction The Lyn
65. nx Manual 42 Appendix B Libra Data Format while 1 usCre 0 if RecvByte if RecvByte break break ubSyncl ubSync2 ulOldestSequenceNumber RecvLong for us 0 us lt usNumberMsgByte us pubData us usCrc2 if usCrc2 RecvWord amp amp break unsigned short ausCrcTable 256 0 0000 0 1189 0 2312 0 329 Ox9DC1 OxAF5A OxBED3 OxCA6C OxDBES5 Ox221A 0 56 5 0 472 0 7587 0x643E OxCB64 OxF9FF OxE876 0x2102 0x308B Ox55BD OxAD4A OxBCC3 Ox8E58 Ox9FD1 Ox200A 0 1291 0 0318 0 77 7 0 662 0 8 50 OxFBEF OxEA66 OxD8FD 0xC974 0x15A9 0 2732 Ox36BB 0 4 OxDFC5 OxBAF3 0 5285 0 430 0 7197 0 601 0 44 OxFDDF 0 56 Ox98E9 0x8960 0x519D 0 2522 0 34 0 0630 Ox17B9 OxB8E3 0x8A78 0 9 1 0x7387 0 620 0x0738 OxFFCF OxEE46 OxDCDD OxCD54 0x9581 OxA71A 0 693 0 22 OxD3A5 Ox3ADB 0 4 64 Ox5FED Ox6D76 Ox7CFF 0xC324 1 OxE036 0 18 1 0x0948 0 6 7 0 50 0 483 0 8618 0 9791 0x38CB 0x0A50 Ox1BD9 0 6 66 0 7 0x8710 OxF3AF 0 226 OxDOBD 0 134 Ox6E6E Ox5CF5 Ox4D7C 0 60 0 785 0xB2B3 Lynx Manual 0x4624 0 97 0x9CC9 0x0210 OxEB6E 0 54 5 0 4204 OxED5E 0 14 1 OxBBFB OxEF4E 0x5095 0 9 OxE13E 0x9489 Ox3
66. o Canada K2K2AI Lynx Manual 1 This page intentionally left blank Organization of this Manual 2 Organization of this Manual This manual is organized in ten major sections Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Appendices Introduction Introductory notes to this manual Organization of this Manual Notes on how to use this manual Unpacking and Post Delivery Inspection Identification of the components you have purchased It also references an as shipped section Technical Description Description of features and technical specifications of the Lynx Getting Started Recommendations for using the digitiser for the first time Hardware setup Hardware setup instructions Software configuration Description of software configuration parameters and configuration menus Servicing Recommended maintenance and repair procedures including firmware update instructions These list mostly tabular material such as error messages and pin connections Lynx Manual 3 This page intentionally left blank Unpacking amp Post Delivery Inspection 3 Unpacking amp Post Delivery Inspection Open and inspect the shipment for possible damage Carefully check each item for damage or defects The following list includes items generally included with Lynx This list might vary from application to application To find out the exact list of items included in your shipme
67. on to establish such parameters as sample rate A menu driven interface is provided to change those parameters CPU The digitiser uses two separate processors a Motorola DSP56002 and an Intel 80C196NT The DSP interfaces to the ADCs and performs the digital filtering on the raw data After filtering is completed the data is transferred to the 80C196NT This processor collects a packet of data and generates the correct output format before transmitting the packet to the host It also performs many other timing and housekeeping functions Lynx Manual 11 Technical Description Internal Construction The digitiser accepts Eurocard size boards They plug into a custom back plane The chassis supports up to 6 cards However not all positions are populated at all times A minimum system 3 channel consists of 5 cards analog TCP communications Mem Cal and power supply The analog board contains the front end analog components and the interface between the DSP and the ADC The TCP contains both processors the USC and SOH ADC circuits The power supply contains a switching power supply The Mem Cal board contains RAM and calibration circuits This RAM provides the retransmission buffer and is configured according to network requirements A six channel digitiser has an additional analog board installed beside channels 1 3 A 1 3 channel ADC board is different from a 4 6 channel ADC board and they are not interchangeable although they may be pl
68. ons Check to ensure that the channel responds to an input stimulus Disconnecting it or lightly tapping the sensor should prove sufficient Do one or more channels show a flat line Do the state of health header fields indicate a problem with that channel Try switching the sensors around to see if the problem stays with the same channel or moves GPS not locking Most problems with the GPS engines can be traced to a poorly placed antenna If the GPS is not receiving well try repositioning the antenna to a more favourable location Lastly ensure that the antenna cable is not hanging from the antenna Secure the antenna cable with a few tie wraps near the antenna to carry the weight of the cable The GPS should lock on its own if there is sufficient signal strength If the GPS is not locking within 15 minutes of power on follow the procedure below 1 Go to the GPS screen on ViewDat 2 Examine the GPS status on the screen Are any satellites being tracked 3 Examine the signal strength values The signal strength S N from the satellites should be greater than 38 4 Reposition the antenna to a better location 5 The GPS clock should lock now When the Lynx is integrated into a Nanometrics Digital Seismograph System for further testing and troubleshooting procedures refer to the Remote Site Installation section of the system documentation Lynx Manual 23 Hardware Setup This page intentionally left blank Lynx Manual 24 Firmwa
69. or slower filtered summary of a seismic data channel This would be used to provide the end user with a summary of the collected data This allows the user to quickly browse large quantities of data for events The data may be filtered using a 5th order filter The filter may be low pass high pass or band pass In order not to lose the higher frequency information the minimum and maximum over the interval of the filtered signal is stored The interval is a programmable value of 1s or greater 1 byte Bundle type 11 4 bytes Long seconds 3 bytes Filtered min over 1st interval 3 bytes Filtered max over 1st interval 3 bytes Filtered min over 2nd interval 3 bytes Filtered max over 2nd interval Instrument Log Bundle Any errors or warnings generated by the instrument are stored in this bundle Some typical errors or warnings are GPS locked unlocked low battery clock adjustments external events self test errors status of disk space duty cycle etc 1 byte Bundle type 12 4 bytes Long seconds 2 bytes Error code where bits 0 11 error code bits 12 15 data format 2 bytes Error Level 8 bytes Error Parameters Error Level is a bit mapped value which is broken down as follows bits 0 7 Area each bit identifies a separate area currently unused bits 8 10 Processor TCP Aux DSP bits 11 15 Error Level Fatal error warning info debug GPS Location Bundle This bundle contains the latitude and longitude of the instrumen
70. ping resistors or alternatively add the damping resistors to the empty resistor locations on the digitiser analog board If the calibration option has been installed the Lynx can initiate calibration sequences on receipt of commands over an 5232 link If the seismometers are equipped with calibration coils then the user should consider if additional pairs of wires should be used to connect the calibration coils to the Lynx The connection to the digitiser depends on whether an active or passive sensor is used The calibration can be performed remotely from the acquisition system using the NAQSView software For remote calibration the NAQS Server station file should be configured for the correct use of calibration and mass centre control relays and to include the calibration sensitivity range output impedance etc See the NAQS Server manual and Lynx as shipped sheet for these information Analog Input Characteristics Input Impedance The input impedance of the Lynx is normally set to suit the customer s sensors see as shipped sheet The user may change the input impedance to dampen the seismometer response if desired There is one resistor required for each channel to set the impedance The resistor value is determined by the desired input impedance and the parallel resistance of 5 0Mohms Reet Raamp 5 108 5 106 Raamp For most practical applications set the resistor value to the desired input impedance The resistors
71. put impedance are user settable parameters which are set through one resistor respectively for each channel The user should refer to the as shipped data sheet to get actual values for the resistors Analog Anti alias Filter The anti alias filter requirements are quite low due to the high input sample rate used with delta sigma converters The anti alias filter is a 5th order Bessel filter to give linear phase response A single operational amplifier generates the low pass poles The filter has a gain of 1 and is configured for low noise Lynx Manual 9 Technical Description Analog digital Converter ADC amp Digital Anti alias Filter A 120 dB Delta sigma modulation ADC is used for conversion This IC samples at a high rate digitally filters and decimates the data and then outputs the data to the DSP The DSP further filters and decimates the data to achieve the desired resolution Different sample rates are achieved by decimating to a greater or lesser extent Delta Sigma ADC output one bit of data at a high rate which is filtered to produce higher resolution at lower sample rates Sample rate is traded off for resolution This works because the delta sigma modulator has all its quantization noise at frequencies which are later filtered out VCXO E LPF ADC DSP TCP Analog Inputs jJ LPF ADC PSU USC
72. r for uploading into HRDs 9 The file HRDzz BIN contains the binary image of the file HRDzz HEX used for burning into flashes 10 Open a command prompt window 11 Change the working directory to e zoc upload assuming ZOC was installed in c zoc at the command prompt type ed zoc upload and press Enter This directory is chosen to make the ASCII uploads easier however any directory may be chosen 12 Copy the new digitiser firmware release from the floppy at the command prompt type copy a Migitiser hex and press Enter 13 Close the command prompt window 14 Remove the digitiser Release diskette from the floppy drive of the PC and save it in a safe place Accessing the digitiser setup menu 1 Start ZOC 2 Poweron the digitiser Lynx Manual 72 Appendix Upgrading HRD24 firmware using ZOC 3 The digitiser will start up with lines similar to the following TCP Version 5 12 released Mar 17 1997 16 36 40 Press M key within 5 seconds or during memory test Immediately press the M key to access the digitiser menu There will be at least a 5 second window to press the M key longer if there is a lot of memory to test After a power on the memory test will end with the following lines the number of memory banks depends on the digitiser Writing 5555 to 8 banks Checking for 5555 writing aaaa to 8 banks Checking for aaaa writing 0000 to 8 banks Ifthe digitiser has proceeded past th
73. r and the sensor end should be left open The inner shield should be kept isolated from the outer shield The outer shield should be connected to the chassis ground and to the sensor chassis ground If the sensor has a ground pin the connection can be done using that pin however if there is no ground connection i e 551 sensor then the chassis connection should be made by connecting to the shell of the connector with as short a connection length as possible A second cable should be connected directly from the battery to the 40 for the power connection See the next section to configure for passive seismometer calibration with current calibration drive Roana 44 11 ju Tap ery Channel 225 Thee Rin 3 Rin 2 Channel Rgain 2 RIn 1 Channel 1 Figure 4 Position of gain and damping resistors on the ADC board Configuring for a passive seismometer The first step required when connecting to a passive seismometer is setting the input sensitivity and input impedance of the ADC The input sensitivity would normally be chosen to give a system sensitivity of 1nm s The input impedance should be set to a value to give the critical damping resistance of the seismometer Lynx Manual 34 Servicing Geotech 13 378 3 48K ohms 5360 ohms Kinemetrics SS1 159 nV 1 33K ohms 4220 ohms Mark Prod L4C 170 1 nV 1 43K ohms 8870 ohms Table 3 Configuring the ADC board for passive sei
74. r on the nth time run This is an informational message if r is 0 and a warning message otherwise GPS error ssss The TCP detected an error in the reception of messages from the GPS The error ssss is one of the following Missing No GPS was detected at startup Overrun A byte was not received in time Frame A byte was received with an invalid stop bit Parity A byte was received with an invalid parity bit InvSync A message header had an incorrect sync word HdrCs A message header had an incorrect checksum DataSize A data message had an invalid length Lynx Manual 56 Appendix Instrument Log Messages Message 1044 Message 1045 Message 1046 Message 1047 Message 1049 Message 1050 Message 1052 Message 1062 Message 1066 Message 1071 Message 1074 Message 1077 Message 1078 Message 1081 DataCs A data message had an incorrect checksum BufFull The GPS message buffer was full GPS lost lock The GPS has lost lock its time is unreliable The TCP is no longer using the GPS for phase locking its time GPS gain lock The GPS has gained lock its time is now valid The TCP is once again using the GPS for phase locking its time GPS online Messages are now being received from the GPS GPS offline rebooting The TCP has not received a valid message from the GPS in over 108 Power to the GPS is turned off immediately and back on in 10 s TCP rx err len nnn Xxxx The TCP rece
75. radio signal to noise ratio The three fast channels are used for sensor mass centering The remaining channels are not used when the HRD is installed in a Lynx The Lynx comms controller also monitors 3 external SOH channels as discussed in the comms controller description Lynx Manual 10 Technical Description The battery level monitor has a nominal sensitivity of 24 4 mV bit with an offset of 0 1V as a result of internal voltage drops The temperature monitors each have nominal input sensitivities of 0 217 C bit with an offset of 61 C These SOH are typically sampled at 0 125Hz The software controls how often they are logged The three FAST SOH channels are typically sampled at one Hz These FAST SOH have an input range of 10V and a sensitivity of 19 7mV bit An open input will appear as 2 5V input These inputs are used to monitor mass position in an active sensor The scale calibration factor is built from two constants One is the actual sensitivity of the digitiser SOH which is expressed in millivolts per least significant bit and is a factory setting The other constant is the sensitivity of the sensor This might be expressed as units per volt For example with a temperature sensor this might be set to 44 degrees Celsius per volt Both of these parameters are set in the appropriate SOH Config menu The offset is used to allow for the sensor not producing zero output volts when registering zero units The offset
76. rd to the DSP but it was not ready to receive one The TCP will restart the DSP to ensure proper acquisition DSP send word failed The TCP sent a word to the DSP which it did not acknowledge as received The TCP will restart the DSP to ensure proper acquisition DSP read word not ready The TCP tried to read a word from the DSP but it was not ready to send one The TCP will restart the DSP to ensure proper acquisition DSP startup failure The TCP failed to download the runtime code to the DSP Config failed to save The configuration failed to save The TCP is continuing to run with its current configuration Mem bank invalid m of n A memory check detected an error in memory bank m The memory was configured to use n memory banks DSP invalid bundle xxxx The TCP received an invalid bundle from the DSP The TCP is ignoring this bundle and is allowing the DSP to continue to digitise TCP AUX time out The AUX is not communicating with the TCP This results in the TCP cycling power to AUX If the communications problem repeats TCP will also reboot itself Lynx Manual 58 Appendix Instrument Log Messages Message 1048 Message 1051 Message 1059 Message 1084 DSP time out restarting The DSP has not sent a valid message to the TCP in over 25 The DSP will be restarted Mem corrupt in A memory buffer corruption was detected in function The TCP is rebooting Mem pointer invalid
77. re Configuration 7 HRD24 Firmware Configuration Overview This section of the manual provides you with the necessary information on how to configure the HRD24 module of the Lynx for your specific application The Lynx as shipped sheets contain all the important configuration parameters set before shipping We would strongly advise recording any changes made to the configuration to facilitate troubleshooting and administration Information regarding the configuration of the comms controller board and satellite modem board can be found in the Libra User Interface section of the User Manual Configuration Parameters tell the HRD24 module how it should operate There are two sets of configuration parameters 1 Stored User Settings those in Flash saved from a previous session 2 User Settings in RAM Stored User Settings Stored User Settings are User Settings that are stored into the Flash memory and do not lose their values even after power is switched off The digitiser should be configured correctly when received User Settings in RAM User Settings in RAM are read in by the digitiser on power up from the Stored User Settings The User Settings in RAM are those that you are actually changing when you modify parameters These settings may be saved for use by selecting from the main menu or discarded by selecting R from the main menu or powering off the digitiser Accessing the HRD24 Setup To access the menu of parameter
78. s byte differences 2 samples word differences 1 sample long difference byte difference word difference long difference L l 5 6 o u 11 12 13 14 15 16 7 Data Set 2 Data Set 3 Data Set 4 Compre Data Set 1 ssion bits Ege nata Bundle 1 Ee PAE 5 alo 2 13 14 15 16 17 Data Set 1 Data Set 2 Data Set 3 Data Set 4 ssion bits 2 27 pata Bundle 2 1 255 data bundles per packet user configurable good number is 15 11213 4 5 7 12 13 14 15 t6 17 Data Set 1 Data Set 2 Data Set 3 Data Set 4 ssion bits Eg pata Bundle 15 gt CRC Lynx Manual 48 Appendix Libra Data Format F b Eiler Packet 0000 0000 0000 1001 Packet first time scrambled to Sync Word Not used 0010 1001 Packet retransmitted 1010 0101 5 La l 2 15 17 Packet filler V 1 type lt Filler Packet Header Bundle 2 31 41 51612131911011112113114115116117 fe 17 x Filler 4 Ni 31 41 516121819110111121131141151161147 Filler 15
79. s connect the Lynx to a PC with a terminal emulator by connecting the Digitiser Config connector of the Lynx test cable to the PC COM port Any terminal emulator such as ZOC Procomm or Crosstalk can be used Start the terminal emulator The default communication parameters are 9600 or 38400bps 8 bits no parity 1 stop bit unless the user had previously changed these parameters Upon startup the following dialog should appear on the screen Tcp version 5 10 compiled Feb 20 1997 20 25 56 Press M key within 5 seconds or during memory test Queue Event empty Queue 1 empty Queue Tx2 empty Queue Old empty Queue Junk count 191 head 10000 tail 3faf8 Channel 1 empty Channel 2 empty Channel 3 empty Channel 4 empty Channel 5 empty Lynx Manual 25 Firmware Configuration Channel 6 empty Channel Status empty Pointer Tx empty Memory Buffer messages 191 When these messages appear type an m or M to access the Hrd24 menus The Setup Menu Main Menu will then appear as follows Orion digitiser Setup Menu C Configuration menu U Upload new firmware P Program user settings R Restart and run with saved settings Menu Option If you wait more than 5 seconds you will still have the ability to enter the menu again by pressing or M anytime after the DSP starts digitizing data At that point the data flow will halt when you are in the menu and later resume agai
80. s s 1 15 8 7 505 5 13 5005 5 2 25 5 8 805 5 14 1000 s s 3 55 5 9 1005 5 15 255 5 4 105 5 10 1258 5 16 1205 5 5 205 5 11 2005 5 17 31 reserved for future use Data Bundle A data bundle contains between 4 and 16 compressed samples of data The samples are compressed using a first difference algorithm The data is compressed as byte word or long differences Each set of four bytes contains either 4 byte differences 2 word differences or 1 long Lynx Manual 46 Appendix B Libra Data Format difference The compression bits indicate how each set of 4 bytes is packed For each 4 byte set there are 2 compression bits The compression bits are packed into a byte as follows byte wwxxyy zz where the compression bits indicate ww data set 1 00 not used xx data set 2 01 byte difference yy data set 3 10 word difference Zz data set 4 1 long difference The format of the data bundle is as follows 1 byte Compression Bits 4 bytes Compressed data set 1 4 bytes Compressed data set 2 4 bytes Compressed data set 3 4 bytes Compressed data set 4 Null Bundle This bundle is provided to pad out packets The first occurrence of a Null bundle indicates that there is no further data in the packet The null bundle contains no useful information The receiver should disregard this bundle and all remaining bundles and skip to the next packet 1 byte Bundle Type 9 16 bytes Filler Filler Packet A filler packet is required for radio li
81. shooting Digitiser looks dead after power on Check batteries Check connections Check fuses Unable to communicate with digitiser on startup If the digitiser fails to send any data carefully examine the terminal emulator ZOC ViewDat ProcommPlus output If you see a message Frame error possibly accompanied by some garbage data the digitiser is probably sending data at a different baud rate than that for which the digitiser test program is configured Carefully check the factory documentation to determine for what baud rate the digitiser was configured Unable to communicate with Lynx on startup Noisy data If the Libra User Interface cannot communicate with the Lynx verify that the IP communications is configured correctly To confirm the Lynx ethernet port IP address monitor the unit s Controller Config serial port with a terminal emulator ZOC ViewDat ProcommPlus during power up When the Lynx powers up it reports many of its configuration parameters including the ethernet LAN port IP address and mask The computer running the Libra User Interface must have an IP address which is part of the same IP subnet The computer should be able to PING the Lynx LAN port and receive aresponse Finally valid user id and password must be entered in the Libra User Interface or the Lynx will deny access Is the data bad on all channels or just one or two If this is the case you should carefully check the corresponding connecti
82. smometers Connection to a passive sensor will consist of connecting the main sensor coil to the signal inputs with the positive coil connected to the positive input and negative to negative Connect calibration output to the motor coil and the calibration output to the motor coil return The output impedance of the calibration signal is 500 ohm with a maximum current of 10mA at a voltage of 5V A series resistor is used on the calibration outputs to ensure the current is limited to this value The best performance will be found using cables built in the following manner The connection to each sensor should be made with a 2 pair double shielded with individual internal shielding 24 or smaller cable An example of this type of cable would be Belden 8162 The inner shields of the cable should be connected only at the connector and the sensor end should be left open The inner shield should be kept isolated from the outer shield The outer shield should be connected to the chassis ground and to the sensor chassis ground If the sensor has a ground pin the connection can be done using that pin however if there is no ground connection 1 6 551 sensor then the chassis connection should be made by connecting to the shell of the connector with as short a connection length as possible User Configurable Jumper Settings Mem Cal J3 1 2 Calibration Enable 5V J3 2 3 Calibration Enable 12V F
83. so supports polled networks The data format requires that the instrument have an accurate time source i e GPS for time tagging the data prior to compression and transmission The compression algorithm 1s based on taking the first difference of the data and packing the data into bytes words or long words This algorithm achieves about 1 3 bytes per sample at maximum compression Most of the status messages can be transmitted at a user defined frequency This allows the user to tailor ratio of data to status information This is important on limited bandwidth or noisy transmission mediums The status information in data format is expandable new status Lynx Manual 39 Appendix Libra Data Format information messages are created they can be added to the data format without affecting the existing information Lastly the data format is simple to implement on small microprocessors The compression algorithm is simple and requires little memory and processing power The following objectives were used in designing the data format 1 support compressed data support retransmit of packets for error correction support polled networks compatible with Orion simple compression decompression algorithm simple to implement expandable programmable frequency for status information Ui bh NY not wasteful of bandwidth Lynx Manual 40 Appendix Libra Data Format Description of NMXP Packets
84. t on the RM 4 outgoing is the direction from the central site to remote site incoming is the opposite all instruments on a branch use the same incoming packet size all instruments on a branch use the same outgoing packet size outgoing packets do not have the Oldest packet word incoming packets contain data status or configuration information outgoing packets contain retransmit requests or configurations x all data is represented in the little endian format intel format Lynx Manual 41 Appendix Libra Data Format CRC for the Packets For simplicity CRCs should be an addressable data size i e 8 16 or 32 bits Sending 32 bits 4 bytes is too much overhead 8 bits is not sufficient Therefore select 16 bits as the CRC size There are 2 good common standard 16 bits polynomials the CRC 16 and the 16 bit CRC CCITT The reversal of these polynomials are also known to be good and are also used The digitiser uses the 16 bit CRC CCITT Therefore select the 16 bit CRC CCITT as the CRC polynomial On the bit level CRCs can be calculated from either end Normally CRCs are calculated most significant bit first i e the byte OxD5 is done 11010101 Reflected CRCs are calculated least significant bit first i e the byte OxD5 is done 10101011 Bits of a byte are transmitted over a serial link least significant bit first Most CRCs calculated for transmission over a serial link are done least s
85. t s GPS antenna This bundle has a programmable measurement frequency The latitude and longitude is stored in an extended floating point format 1 byte Bundle type 13 4 bytes Long seconds 4 bytes Latitude 4 bytes Longitude 4 bytes Elevation GPS Satellite Status Reference Time Error Bundle This bundle contains the status of the GPS engine s satellite tracking channels It records the signal to noise ratio activity and satellite number for the five satellite tracking channels The activity indicates whether the GPS channel is idle searching or locked to a satellite signal This information is very useful in diagnosing a GPS engine that is not locking 1 byte Bundle type 15 4 bytes Long seconds 2 bytes Status bits see Rockwell manual contains operating mode figure of merit 10 bytes GPS Satellite Channel 2bytes per channel where the 2 bytes are defined bits 0 4 Satellite PRN code 0 31 bits 5 7 Unused bits 8 13 Signal to Noise Ratio 0 63 Lynx Manual 52 Appendix B Libra Data Format bits 14 15 Activity 0 idle 1 searching 3 tracking D1 Early Threshold Trigger Bundle The D1 threshold trigger bundle reports the start of a threshold trigger event It is sent at a programmable time after the start of a trigger It reports the start time of the trigger along with some statistics about the trigger The DI trigger bundle is followed by a D2 trigger which reports the end of a trigger The D1 bundle contains the peak
86. te time and position ACQ COLD The GPS is searching for satellites in cold start mode Num Satellites This shows the number of satellites used for the current GPS time and position solution Figure of Merit An indicator of the horizontal position accuracy 1 best 9 unlocked Date Time and Position The middle column of the GPS display shows the time and position returned by the GPS clock Note that the time may not be completely up to date since the GPS information messages may be buffered for some time before being transmitted to VIEWDAT Channel Status The right hand column of the GPS display shows the current activity of the 5 GPS channels Each channel may be searching for a satellite tracking a satellite or idle The display also shows the PRN number of the satellite being searched for or tracked and the signal to noise ratio of the incoming GPS signal The signal to noise ratio must usually be over 30 in order to track a satellite over 40 is better Poor signal to noise ratios often indicate that the GPS antenna is obstructed State of Health Display SSOH and FSOH These fields show the most recent readings from the slow and fast state of health channels respectively Readings are shown as counts from a 10 bit A D and are always between 0 and 1023 Comm Rx This shows the number of bytes received from the digitiser by VIEWDAT Comm Ovr This shows the number of bytes lost due to comport overruns should be Zero Byt
87. to set are R85 R86 and R87 on the ADC board 642 for channels 1 3 respectively Please see the drawing in the servicing chapter for the location of these resistors If the unit has six channels then channels 4 6 can be set in exactly the same way Lynx Manual 21 Hardware Setup Input Sensitivity The as shipped input sensitivity of the Lynx is shown in the as shipped sheets The user may change the input sensitivity if desired There is one resistor required for each channel to set the sensitivity gain 1 275 uV bit desired sensitivity uV bit Rgain 2 10e4 gain x 2 1 The maximum input voltage will be 40 Vpp gain The sensitivity can be increased by soldering one resistor per channel onto the ADC printed circuit board For example to achieve an overall sensitivity of 192 nV per bit old style each gain setting resistor should be set to 2 22K ohms The gain resistor for channel 1 is R18 channel 2 is R19 and channel 3 is R60 The resistors to set are on the ADC board drawing 642 for channels 1 3 respectively If the unit has six channels then channels 4 6 can be set in exactly the same way Sensor Interface Sensor Power Unregulated 12V with current limited only by the external fuse is provided as a standard feature Regulated sensor power is not provided as a standard feature but it is available as a no charge factory option 12V at 10mA can be provided using 3 pins on the sensor connector which reser
88. user to set the conversion factors for the SOH values The conversion factors are sensitivity units v and offset units and the conversion formula is SOHValue Sensitivity units v value V offset units The value is a factory calibrated voltage measurement of the SOH input The first value in the menu below is the sensitivity and the second is the offset SOH Calibration Menu Units Per Volt Units Offset A Fast soh 1 1 000 0 000 B Fast soh 2 1 000 0 000 Fast soh 3 1 000 0 000 1 Slow soh 1 1 000 0 000 2 Slow soh 2 1 000 0 000 3 Slow soh 3 1 000 0 000 F Fast soh 1 3 5 Slow soh 1 3 Log Settings Menu This menu sets how often the SOH information is recorded and transmitted The verbosity sets the digitiser instrument log reporting detail This should be set to normal 30 The verbose mode 31 is used for debugging only The fast and slow SOH interval sets how often the fast and slow SOH information is recorded and transmitted This value is in seconds Fast SOH can be sampled a maximum of once a second and slow SOH can be sampled a maximum of every 8 seconds Typically these values are set to once a Lynx Manual 28 Firmware Configuration minute to once every 10 minutes The setting will depend somewhat on the transmission link bandwidth Log Settings Menu V Verbosity 31 F Fast soh interval sec 60 5 Slow soh interval sec 60 G Gps interval sec 60 Digitiser Menu The DSP edit m
89. v A Nov 2798 Initial RevB Dec 18 98 J S ASSEMBLY DRAWING for CABLE 12258 Page 1 of 2 qeu Nanometrics Cable test for Callisto 122598 12259B CDR M Jeviovic Dec 18 98 Lynx Manual 75 Appendix External Cable Drawings CALLISTO NOTES 1 Heat shrink tubing to be used on all soldered connector 2 Heavy wall heat shrink tubing 10 to be used on connector 5 Digitizer Contig Internal Data External Data Controller Config REVISION HISTORY Rev A Nov 27 98 Initial Rev B Dec 18 98 JS ASSEMBLY DRAWING for CABLE 12258 Page 1 of 2 T Nanometrics Cable test for Callisto wg FileName Originator pproved By ate Lynx Manual 76
90. ved as follows 12V Sensor connector pin I2V Sensor connector pin E Gnd Sensor connector pin D Active Sensor Interface The Lynx can optionally control active sensors such as the Guralp CMG 3T or Streckheisen STS 2 broadband seismometers Refer to pinouts for connections The signal input impedance will be set to the high impedance state for this type of sensor Calibration The calibration signal will be generated whenever calibration is enabled There are three calibration enable signals intended to enable the internal relays of the seismometer These signals are open drain signals that are active low They can withstand voltages up to 20 Volts Mass Position Indication The mass position indicators from the seismometer are connected to three of the SOH analog inputs in the digitiser Mass Locking Unlocking The masses may be locked or unlocked by the digitiser software The digitiser generates the logic signals required to control the seismometer lock unlock functions Mass Centring The masses may be centred by the digitiser software The digitiser generates the logic signals required to control the seismometer centring function 6 Channel digitiser Installation for 6 channel digitizers proceeds as for 3 channel units Note that the 6 channel Lynx uses two sensor connectors each following the same pin out The front panel labels the connectors SIGNAL A and SIGNAL B respectively Lynx Manual 22 Hardware Setup Basic trouble
91. x integrates all necessary hardware to digitise the analog signal produced by the seismometer to time stamp digital data to transmit the data and the SOH information to the central site over a VSAT link and to receive messages from the acquisition centre It includes a 24 bit high resolution digitiser high precision GPS timing subsystem serial and Ethemet ports for external instrumentation a satellite modem for both inbound and outbound links and all necessary hardware for the interconnection and operation of all of the above The transmission protocol used over the VSAT link includes UDP TCP IP Essentially each Lynx digitiser can be considered as a remote node of a wide area network The Ethernet port fully supports UDP amp TCP IP protocols such as E mail ftp and sockets The following block diagram provides you with a clear view of the different hardware mo dules integrated in Lynx and the way it is connected with external components of the remote site The HRD24 digitiser Comms Controller board and Satellite Modem board are described in the following sections GPS Antenna Lynx Digitiser Box SATELLITE MODEM Figure 1 Lynx digitiser block diagram The Lynx Digitiser is packaged in a rugged waterproof and environmentally resistant steel box All the connectors are situated on the front plate of the box as shown in the Figure 2 Lynx Manual 7 Technical Description o le Libra Lynx Digitizer RF IN ETHERNE
92. y of the display and see the noise in more detail change the scale factor of the screen display To check the Lynx using a signal generator connect the signal source to the digitiser using the pin out given in Appendix A Full scale voltage input will be 5 3 x 10 Sp where Sp is digitiser input sensitivity in nV bit as stated in the as shipped sheet Input impedance for the digitiseris also stated on the as shipped sheet Testing the Satellite Modem module of Lynx This test verifies that data can be transmitted to the central site and the error correction and remote configuration features are operational To perform this test you need to have the acquisition centre installed and correctly configured Start the acquisition server Start the Waveform program on the acquisition computer and subscribe for traces from the Lynx being tested The Lynx must be installed on the satellite antenna and commissioned The installation procedure is described in the Libra Remote Site Installation Guide which is part of the Technical Administrator s Guide Set up the Lynx following the instructions from the previous test After startup you should see the incoming data displayed in the form of seismic traces in the Waveform window Lynx Manual 18 Getting Started Interrupt the transmission for 1 minute by breaking the Lynx Central Site link After reestablishing the link wait 30 seconds and perform a summary extract of the corresponding ringbuffers an

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