Electricity from the sun Solar PV systems explained
Contents
1. The above bill shows a peak daily consumption of 12 5kWh in January 2006 June 2006 was 6 3kWh per day A designer installer BCSE Accreditation ensures that those holding Accreditation v have undergone the necessary professional training SA follow industry best practice A must adhere to Australian Standards 7 routinely update their skills and product knowledge It is also wise to e consider the recommendations of others who have purchased a similar system to the one you require e engage someone with whom you re happy to work and e look for designing and installing experience in the industry not just a retail outlet Tim im vm arta ria John Citizen mmi been es amr todd riali idum m fira apa sa Md A mms il gt Terr m ieee Pa Piee de Tamir PE Mem kerries hp LL pest 5 Electricity from the sun Solar PV systems Stand alone or grid connected Is the mains electrical supply avallable at an affordable price 6 Electricity from the sun Solar PV systems Electricity from the sun Solar PV systems 7 ee _ m E 4 i 7 E E 1 J h A If then e you re passionate about renewable energy a grid e you would like to reduce your Soha connected e you re worried about the Solar PV environment t b2. Solar PV systems explained La NN de E ss ul B n Australian Business Council for Sustainable Energy Produced by Australian Business Council for Sustainable Energy 60 Leicester Street Carlton Victoria 3053 Australia Phone 03 9349 3077 Website www bcse org au Funded by Australian Greenhouse Office Major contributors Brad Shone Alternative Technology Association ATA Geoff Stapleton Global Sustainable Energy Solutions Mike Russell Business Council for Sustainable Energy Nigel Wilmot Research Institute for Sustainable Energy RISE ISBN 978 0 9802806 8 Australian Government Department of the Environment and Water Resources Australian Greenhouse Office The information in this guide has been provided as a guide to solar PV systems While every effort has been made to ensure the content is useful and relevant no responsibility for any purchasing decision based on this information is accepted by the Australian Business Council for Sustainable Energy or other contributors Australian Government funding through the Australian Greenhouse Office in the Department of the Environment and Water Resources supports this project The views expressed herein are not necessarily the views of the Commonwealth and the Commonwealth does not accept responsibility for any information or advice contained herein Con
3. The system s location requires consultation with your Accredited installer Suitable areas are required for the solar modules inverter battery bank and genset For example e the PV modules may be fixed onto the roof a ground mounted frame or integrated into the fabric of the building using PV roofing tiles or windows For best performance a north facing area free from shading is recommended ideally the inverter should not be exposed to the elements though weather proof models are available the battery bank must be in a separate lockable and well ventilated battery enclosure the inverter and battery charger should also be in a secure weatherproof and well ventilated enclosure the generator should be situated out of ear shot and with adequate ventilation if system components are located a long way from the house the cost of trenching needs to be considered B Stand alone solar PV systems 23 Orientation elevation and customisation Solar modules produce most power when they are pointed directly at the sun It is important to install them so that they receive maximum sunlight Ideally they should be in full sun from at least to 3pm In Australia solar modules should face north for optimum electricity production Elevation For stand alone power systems where winter operation is crucial the angle should be the latitude plus 15 degrees Customisation If your roof
4. calculate the battery size determine size and type of genset estimate genset use maximum and minimum run times TEEN AA DIENTEN E o age patting rm cen a fa faf fol mei E ale R Miep example of a load assessment form The system design may need to be repeated before an economic and satisfactory agreed load is established 22 tecriy trom the sun Solar PV systems 00000000000 Reducing demand It is important that you consider cost effective methods of reducing your electricity demand These methods include e using the most energy efficient appliances especially for refrigeration replacing incandescent light globes with compact fluoros avoiding quartz halogen downlights most are very inefficient using LPG for some loads such as cooking and hot water switching off stand by loads such as DVD players utilising sensors time switches and a home automation system Locating the system e installing solar water heating preferably with gas boosting reducing electricity demand for space heating and cooling eg by dressing for the climate judicious setting of thermostats use of curtains and incorporating energy efficiency features into new buildings eg lights insulation summer shading etc ensuring there s adequate solar access in winter to provide passive heating
5. EC may not always coincide gt n here s nswer hi Often the compromise means that the solar There s no easy answer to this PV system will Supply only part of your total uen electricity demand however you can always Everyone s electrical usage is add to it later different it depends on l TM e patterns of energy use in your Simply put if you can minimise your consumption of electricity and you are able to purchase a large system you may be able to meet all or most of your electricity e number of occupants e types of appliances gas or electric demand Therefore your on going electricity The size of the system will depend on bills could be close to zero However if you e the physical un shaded space use a lot of electricity and are only able to available for the installation of your purchase a small system the saving on your modules electricity bill will be not as great e how much you are prepared to spend and For this reason you may wish to consider some energy conservation and energy efficiency measures to reduce your electricity consumption and replace a larger portion of your electricity bill with your solar PV system e what portion of your electrical demand you wish to generate Reducing demand AO from the sun Solar PV systems 00000002 While the power you generate can help offset electricity charges it is important that you also consider other cost
6. Grid connected solar PV systems 15 Australian Standards and industry guidelines Solar grid connected power systems must comply with a range of Australian Standards covering the grid connection of energy systems via inverters the installation of PV modules and The BCSE Design and Installation Guidelines Documentation A system manual that provides operation maintenance and safety information should be provided by your installer This must also include a design of the system Also ensure you obtain written confirmation of statements made by your installer performance claims guarantees and warranties Documentation will be essential when you need to make warranty or insurance claims A6 Remo from the sun Solar PV systems 0000000 Electricity distributors All poles lines and meters are provided by an electricity distribution business You cannot choose your distributor as they are allocated geographically throughout Australia Feed in tariffs A mandatory feed in tariff is a rate in cents per kWh at which the electricity retailers are obliged to purchase electricity from your system Electricity retailers Electricity itself is sold to you or bought from you by an electricity retailer In most states you can choose your retailer although not all will agree to sell or buy from a solar powered generator It is important to shop around for the best deal including buying rates and condition
7. s slope is not ideal your designer can create a suitable mounting frame to correct the orientation and elevation of your array Failing this the designer can advise you on how much output you are sacrificing from the array 24 Electricity from the sun Solar PV systems Average daily production m i n i The following figures indicate the average kilowatt hours kWh of energy you can produce in one day from a 1 kilowatt KW solar electric power system in various parts of Australia Electricity is metered in kilowatt hours kWh where 1kWh 1000Wh Hence if you use 1 kW for 1 hour you have consumed 1kWh of energy Some electrical retailers refer to 1 kWh as 1 unit CITY kWh per day Adelaide 3 74 Alice Springs 4 46 Brisbane 3 74 Cairns 3 81 Canberra 3 76 Darwin 4 00 Geraldton 4 29 Hobart 3 11 Melbourne 3 15 Oodnadatta 4 44 Sydney 3 50 Perth 3 94 Tennant Creek 4 49 Wagga Wagga 3 76 Quotation Following the design and specification you may request a quotation for the supply and installation of the system In addition to the quotation a contract for the supply and installation of the power system should be included with each quotation There s a sample on the BCSE web site at http www bcse org au default asp id 96 The quotation should provide specifications quantity size capacity and output f
8. e you wish to add value to your SYS em may for you 8 Electricty fom the sun Solar PV systems 000000000002 A grid connected solar PV system grid connected solar PV system is At night when the solar modules are not an array of photovoltaic modules producing electricity the electricity comes connected via an inverter to provide YOU from the grid If you export enough energy during the day it will balance or power for your home with excess exceed the amount you draw from the grid production feeding into the grid at night 22777 Electrici ty to House AC 3 Grid met PV PV ELECTRICITY electricity INVERTER METER electricity NETWORK output DC export GRID 6 Solar PV An inverter Your home A meter Any excess modules changing the uses measuring is exported supplying solar DC electricity your electricity to the DC power power into firstly from production electricity 240V the solar PV and grid alternating modules consumption current AC with Suitable for additional your demand household Supplied appliances from the grid and feeding into the grid 9 A Grid connected solar PV systems Choosing the system size 3 Tn While the ideal outcome is to provide enough energy to run all your electrical appliances all year NT round the reality is that your ES E will Frieed to E electricity usage and your budget 3 be dreom home
9. of power requirements 25 loads power requirements 25 mandatory compulsory 19 meter meter recording electricity movement 13 off peak tariffs incentive to delay power use for quiet time 12 out of ear shot placing a noise source where it can t be heard 28 peak power demand maximum electrical power required 26 penalty clauses payments owed when a contractor fails to perform or deliver services 19 quartz halogen downlights an uneconomical low voltage light 12 rebates financial incentives offered by governments 5 runtimes length of generator running time 26 solar access letting the sunshine in 12 solar water heater hot water system heated by the sun s energy 3 solar panel converts solar energy into electrical energy 3 specification module and inverter models 14 SPS stand alone power system 23 stand alone solar PV system power system independent of the mains grid 23 stand by loads power to keep an appliance warmed up for a quick start 12 surge additional power required to start motors 26 system design number of modules size of inverter and cables 14 system voltage voltage of battery and inverter usually 12V 24V or 48V 26 termination costs costs incurred in severing the contract 19
10. 0Power 20Rebates asp TopOfPage Australian Capital Territory Phone 02 6247 2099 S2 ecroy from the sun Solar PV ystems 0000000 Glossary Accredited deemed qualified to design install by the BCSE 5 agreed load production output that matches your budget 26 array a collection of modules 14 Australian Standards mandatory electrical safety requirements 6 battery bank group of battery cells 25 BCSE Business Council for Sustainable Energy 5 compact fluoros electrically economical light globe 12 configuration layout pattern 14 data logging system generated data 16 electricity retailer company selling and buying electricity 13 elements unprotected weather such as rain and sun 14 excess production power left over after your home s consumption 13 feed in rate price paid for excess power 13 generator petrol diesel or LPG powered 240 V electrical source 21 genset electrical generator powered by fossil fuels 25 greenhouse gases gases emitted that contribute towards global warming 3 grid the poles and wires forming a city s electrical network 3 home automation systems computerised system controlling windows etc 12 hybrid using more than one generating technology 21 incandescent light element used in conventional light bulbs 12 inverter device for converting from DC to AC 9 kilowatt 1000 watts 15 kilowatt hours power in kilowatts multiplied by time in hours 15 load analysis analysis
11. and maintenance costs 20 Electricity from the sun Solar PV systems y stem size power a 3 Hedroom home There s no easy answer to this question Design Everyone s electrical usage is different it depends on e patterns of energy use in your household e number of occupants e types of appliances A BCSE Accredited designer will provide you with the system design and specification The system designer will eg gas or electric perform a load analysis select suitable WARE Nek waler on the use of your battery bank Sete ce household appliances The size of the system determine the genset will depend Nee configuration and muc guany ol i virili 4 advise on any other electricity you wish to modes appropriate consume technologies eg e how much you are select an appropriate solar water heater prepared to spend inverter wind turbine etc a Load analysis The first step in the design process is to establish your electrical loads over an average day using a load analysis The system designer uses the load analysis to 515415 15415 515154 15 calculate the daily energy demand recommend where energy savings can be made determine the peak power demand select the system voltage determine the configuration and number of solar PV modules select an appropriate inverter power output and surge
12. as of high wind a small wind turbine could also be an option Such systems which use a variety of generating technologies are called hybrid systems PV electricity BATTERIES INVERTER output DC e o 9 Solar modules The battery The inverter converts the DC power The power providing direct bank is the of the battery to 240V alternating generated current DC heart of the current AC power for use by your and stored power to the system appliances is used in battery it stores the your home electrical energy A generator and battery charger are normally part of an SPS so that when extended bad weather occurs you have a back up supply which helps safe guard your batteries To reduce load requirements make sure that all your lights and appliances are the most energy efficient available A large diesel generator GENERATOR BATTERY CHARGER o electricity BATTERIES output DC A petrol battery diesel or charger to LPG charge the fuelled battery on generator demand genset INVERTER Generators CA The advantages of an SPS with a generator is that electricity is available during prolonged periods of overcast rainy weather or when big power loads are required It may also allow for a smaller battery bank and inverter to be used The main disadvantages are the higher capital cost for the genset and battery charger and the ongoing fuel
13. ectricity A Grid connected solar PV systems 11 The meter Left Modern digital meter Right Old fashioned meter In most cases the electricity meter records the energy sent to the grid as well as the energy consumed from the grid However in some cases it may instead record all the energy produced from the solar modules as well as all the energy consumed by the house Your electricity distributor reads the meter and determines your balance Your electricity retailer then bills for the energy consumed OR makes payment for the excess production Note You need to check with your electricity retailer for their feed in rate supply charges and billing periods Arrangements differ with each retailer and differ between states You should shop around for the best deal Your installer will be able to advise you For safety reasons when the grid goes down your solar PV system must automatically and immediately turn off It is possible to have a system that will provide emergency electricity when the grid is interrupted This necessitates the additional installation of a suitable inverter a battery bank and possibly changes to the house wiring The benefit is it will provide the security of a continuous electricity supply in the event of blackouts 12 Electricity from the sun Solar PV systems Design A BCSE Accredited designer will provide you with the system design and specification The system desig
14. effective alternatives These alternatives include e using the most energy efficient appliances replacing incandescent light globes with compact fluoros avoiding quartz halogen downlights as most are very inefficient switching off stand by loads such as those consumed by DVDs and computers when not in use installing a solar water heater preferably with gas boosting this will cut electrical costs utilising off peak tariffs for any large electrical loads eg pool pumps Your average dally use kWh Borca 1 Off peak Your greenhouse gas emissions e utilising motion sensors timers and home automation systems positioning summer shading or reflective coatings on west facing windows reducing electricity demand for space heating and cooling eg by dressing for the climate judicious setting of thermostats use of curtains and incorporating energy efficiency features into new buildings such as lights insulation summer shading etc and ensuring there s adequate solar access in winter to provide passive heating The most common and accurate method used to determine your energy usage is to review your electricity supply bills for the past 12 months and calculate your average annual daily consumption Use the bar graph to calculate your annual average daily use You can then compare this with the production figures for your location on page 13 By the way this user does not use off peak el
15. for your domestic use and e store excess electricity in batteries for later use or e feed into the electricity grid to reduce your electricity bill A solar electric system is different to a solar water heater This guide deals only with solar electricity Solar water heaters use heat from the sun and or surrounding air to heat water they do not produce electricity Benefits of a solar PV system to the householder Solar PV systems generate Solar modules be integrated into electricity the building in the form of windows walls roof tiles or pergolas 4 Once the system has been purchased electricity is generated from a free KA Solar electricity can supplement or source the sun provide all your electrical consumption Solar electricity is generated without emitting greenhouse gases Solar electricity can be fed into the grid Solar panels or modules are silent Additional solar modules can be without any moving parts added later as demand or budget grows Solar modules are generally unobtrusively mounted on an existing v A solar module should last for roof at least 20 30 years Electricity from the sun Solar PV systems 3 Solar modules Sol Direct oar current DC module electricity Solar modules are Solar modules convert energy from sunlight into direct generally flat panel
16. ment needed e any trench digging e system user manual The quotation should also specify a total price together with proposed start and completion dates The quotation should form a basis for your contract with the designer installer In addition a contract for the supply and installation of the power system should be included with the quotation Whilst the initial cost is very important it is wise to consider all the costs and benefits over the life of the system together with the service you expect from the system designer and installer 14 Electricity rom the sun Solar PY systems 000000000000 am mi Le ee ee eee eee owe mmm eed oe DI cmm mq Go tree neze ee nome Ee sperem ees qp moa d ee il um i enm rem 8 amm Sample of a quotation pad available from the BCSE The contract should include e an estimate of the average daily electricity output in kWh e the estimated annual production e the estimated production in the best and worst months e the responsibilities of each party e warranties and guarantees including installer workmanship e a schedule of deposit and progress payments It is important to remember that a good relationship with a reputable experienced quality installer may be more valuable than a few dollars saved on a quote This will be a significant investment so you should ensure the decision you make is the best A
17. ner will e determine the configuration and number of solar modules select an appropriate inverter determine whether the PV modules will fit on the roof or structure determine constraints caused by shading Location The system s location requires consultation with your Accredited installer Suitable areas are required for the solar modules and the inverter For example e The PV modules may be fixed onto the roof or a ground mounted frame or integrated into the fabric of the building using PV roofing tiles or windows For best performance a north facing area free from shading is recommended The inverter should not be exposed to the elements though weather proof models are available Solar modules produce most electricity when they are pointed directly at the sun It is important install them so that they a receive maximum sunlight Ideally they should be in full sun at least from 9am to 3pm In Australia solar modules should face north for optimum electricity production 13 A Grid connected solar PV systems Elevation Customisation For grid connected systems the angle should If your roof s slope is not equal the latitude to maximise the amount of energy produced annually ideal your designer can create an appropriate mounting frame to correct the orientation and elevation of your array Failing this the designer can advise you on how much output y
18. or the major components including e PV modules e mounting frames or structure battery inverter e design travel and transport costs e installation and other equipment costs carpentry such as building a battery enclosure e generator if required e any trench digging e battery charger e system user manual The quotation should also specify a total price together with proposed start and completion dates The quotation should form a basis for your contract with the designer installer OUOtati on mes tre e ae o H ci ci Fc i gm ua at GE Dod dl mud Sample of a quotation pad available from the BCSE The contract should include e an estimate of the average daily energy output in kWh e the estimated annual production e the estimated production in the best and worst months e the responsibilities of each party e warranties and guarantees including installer workmanship e a schedule of deposit and progress payments e expected operator run times in hours per month The renewable energy resource data used should be identified Whilst the initial cost is very important it is wise to consider all the costs and benefits over the life of the system including replacement maintenance and fuel costs It is importan
19. ou are sacrificing from the array ca Latitude adjustments for grid connected systems in most climates fit within an acceptable roof pitch range eg for Sydney s latitude this is 22 degrees a common roof pitch 8 However if the electricity load is significantly higher in Summer your installer may consider angling the modules to maximize electricity production to match this load Average daily production The following figures indicate CITY kWh day the average kilowatt hours kWh Adelaide cUm of energy you can produce in Alice Springs 4 46 one day from a 1 kilowatt kW Brisbane 3 74 solar electric power system in Cairns 3 81 various parts of Australia SES Darwin 4 00 Electricity is metered in kilowatt Geraldton 4 29 hours kWh where 1kWh Hobart 21 1000Wh Hence if you use 1 kW Melbourne 3 15 for 1 hour you have consumed SOIT Us oe 1kWh of energy Some electrical 2798 DOM Perth 3 94 retailers refer to 1 kWh as TENET IAS 1 unit Wagga Wagga 3 76 Quotation Following the design and specification you may request a quotation for the supply and installation of the system The quotation should provide specifications quantity size Capacity and output for the major components including e solar PV modules e mounting frames or structure inverter any additional metering or data logging travel and transport requirements e other equip
20. s Before signing with a retailer check all the following J Cost of electricity you purchase in cents per kWh A Price they will pay per kWh for electricity you feed into the grid A Whether your metering registers the total production from your solar panels or just the excess beyond what is consumed in your home Penalty clauses including termination costs Billing payment periods Some states are in the process of introducing mandatory feed in tariffs Check with your installer on developments in your state B Stand alone solar PV systems 17 If then e you need 24 hour power but you re a long way from the a stand alone electricity grid or e you re passionate about solar PV renewable energy or system may be e you dislike using diesel petrol or LPG generators for VOU 18 Eee rom the sun Solar PY systems 000000000000 A stand alone solar PV system A stand alone solar PV system SPS is not connected to the electricity grid Together the battery bank and the inverter supply electricity to your appliances But if you try to use more electrical energy than the battery bank holds you will run the batteries too low and reduce their life expectancy The number of solar modules and the size of the battery bank can be increased to generate and store more energy or you may decide to include a diesel petrol or LPG generator In are
21. s current DC electricity mounted on roofs or other structures More energy is generated Less energy is generated e in areas of strong solar e in cloudy or rainy weather radiation e when the panels are e on long sunny days shaded by trees or other obstructions e when the panels become hot 2 4 Electricty rom the sun Solar PY systems 000000000000 Choosing the right system Factors to consider e your electricity demand how much you use The more electricity you demand the larger the system and the greater the cost e your budget how much are you prepared to invest Your budget may create limits on the size of the system your location whether the mains electricity grid is available and if so how much would it cost to bring power out to your property and pay for ongoing maintenance of poles and cables on your property aspect there needs to be sufficient space on your roof for the mounting of north facing modules rebates Commonwealth and or state government rebates provide an incentive to householders to invest in solar However these are subject to change from time to time Please check with the Australian Greenhouse Office or your local BCSE Accredited designer installer Note To be eligible for existing rebates your system must be designed and installed by a BCSE Accredited installer am vnnd ae arr sari purus i LZ pens
22. se Office AGO http www greenhouse gov au energy index html http www greenhouse gov au appliances index html Your Home Technical Manual http www greenhouse gov au yourhome technical fs00 htm Research Institute for Sustainable Energy RISE http www rise org au 30 Eee rom the sun Solar PY systems 000000000000 Contents on web http www bcse org au default asp id 310 e What is renewable energy RE resources e What is a stand alone power system Genset only Genset battery charger batter y inverter SPS configurations Solar modules Batteries Inverters Gensets Battery chargers Wind turbines Pico hydro generators Input regulators and controllers Power and energy Energy services Extra Low Voltage ELV and Low Voltage LV Power system quotes Australian Standards System documentation State Agencies Queensland http www epa qlid gov au environmental_management sustainability energy renewable_energy_rebate_programs West Australia http www1 sedo energy wa gov au pages rrpgp asp South Australia http www sustainable energy sa gov au pages programs electricity _ supplies renewable energy renewable energy htm Tasmania http www dier tas gov au energy rebates Victoria http www sustainability vic gov au www html 1 388 photovoltaic rebate program asp intSitelD 4 New South Wales http www dwe nsw gov au energy Renewable9 620Energy Solar 620Power SolarX2
23. t to remember that a good relationship with a reputable experienced Accredited installer may be more valuable than a few dollars saved on a quote This will be a significant investment so you should ensure the decision you make is the best 26 e e ece Australian Standards and industry guidelines Stand alone solar PV systems must comply with a range of Australian Standards covering stand alone power systems batteries the installation of photovoltaic arrays together with 7he BCSE Design and Installation Guidelines ELECTROLYTE BURNS ima dia teli md hi ALI EIE ef pani seiner en DLIRSS BUA T L1 A range of safety signs required under the Standards Breakdowns emergency call out The system installer should be able to offer a quick response for any major system problems for instance equipment failure B Stand alone solar PV systems 27 Documentation A system manual that provides operation maintenance and safety information should be provided by your installer Also ensure you obtain written confirmation of statements made by your installer performance claims guarantees and manufacturers warranties Maintenance contracts Preventative aintenance After installation the owner is responsible for ensuring the equipment is maintained in good working order This will include checking the water in the batteries cleaning modules and
24. tents Solar photovoltaic A Grid connected B Stand alone PV systems 2 solar PV systems 7 solar PV systems 17 Solar modules 3 A grid connected A stand alone solar Choosing the right system 4 Solar PV system 8 PV system 18 Choosing a designer System size 9 System size 20 installer Reducing demand 10 Design 20 Do you need a stand alone The meter 11 Load analysis 21 A tn E solar When the grid goes down 11 Reducing demand 22 Design 12 Location 22 Location 12 Orientation 23 Orientation 12 Elevation 23 Elevation 13 Customisation 24 Customisation 13 Annual production 24 Annual production 13 Quotation 25 Quotation 14 Australian Standards Australian Standards and industry guidelines 26 and industry guidelines 15 Documentation 27 Documentation 15 Preventative maintenance 27 Preventative maintenance 15 Breakdowns 20 Electricity distributors 16 Maintenance contracts 28 Electricity retailers 16 Alternative renewable Feed in tariffs 16 energy resources 28 Wind turbines and pico hydro 29 Further information 30 Glossary 32 2 Electricity from the sun Solar PV systems Solar photovoltaic PV systems The aim of this guide is to provide some background information to assist purchasers in making an informed choice about solar photovoltaic PV systems Solar PV systems e use sunlight to generate electricity
25. visually checking the wiring Please note that appropriate instruction by the installer backed up by maintenance information in the system manual should be provided Safe work practices for any maintenance tasks must be followed The system installer can offer a maintenance contract This will usually include regular maintenance visits at agreed intervals to ensure that your power system is performing optimally 28 Elett rom the sun Solar PY systems 000000000000 Alternative renewable energy resources Like solar modules that require full sun all renewable energy devices must have access to a reliable energy source There is no point in installing a wind turbine in a low wind area or a pico hydro system in an area prone to drought B Stand alone solar PV systems 29 Wind turbines and pico hydro As with solar PV wind and hydro can be used to charge your batteries For reliable power the resource should be located close to your power system Some properties have sufficient wind to propel a small wind turbine Other properties may have access to rivers and creeks to propel a pico hydro generator Further information Sections A and B were written to provide you with an overview of PV systems to enable you to make an informed purchasing decision For more detailed information on the following contents please refer to the BCSE website at www bcse org au Australian Greenhou
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