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Documentation for Pic Micro Pascal

1. SPACE RAM next in RAM MyString STRING defaults to 32 characters wide see SSTRINGS so it uses 33 bytes MyString2 STRING 4 4 characters string uses 5 bytes TYPE tMyRecord RECORD X Y BYTE Bl B2 BOOLEAN END VAR MyRecord tMyRecord PMP is a single pass compiler Variables are declared prior to their use Variables declared within procedures or functions are local Variables declared in a unit interface section are global to other units and to the main program Variables declared in the main program are local to the main program By default variables are NOT initialized by PMP this task is left to the programmer see CLR built in procedure Nevertheless a special directive may be used to force variables initialization at startup see SINITIALIZE directive PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 12 4 Banking Most PIC micro controllers use memory banking to access the internal RAM or registers this is not too difficult to handle PMP optimizes banking instructions usage because it knows anything about variable locations since it allocates variables at compile time not given to the assembler or linker 3 12 5 Variables internal names as seen by the assembler All variables are prefixed by the module name program or unit followed by a dot Variables declared in the global sections are internally named as declared with the module n
2. Courier New 10pt E Features options Editor Options Options Y Auto indent T Auto size scroll width _ Drag and drop editing TF Alt sets column mode gt Maintain caret column IV Want tabs o Smart tabs TT Smart tab delete 7 Enhance Home Key 7 Enhance End Key IT Half page scroll TF Scroll by one less T Scroll past end of file Y Scroll past end of line I Show scroll hint IT Scroll hint follows mouse Iw Tabs to spaces 4 Trim trailing spaces T Group undo TF Right mouse moves cursor TF Hide scrollbars as necessary Show special chars IT Disable scroll arrows p Caret Insert caret Overwrite caret p Mise Vertical Line Max Undo i024 Block y Keyboard commands Editor Options Command ecUp ec elUp ecScrollp ecDown ecSelDown ecScrollDown Shift Up Ctrl Up Down Shift Down Doan 1 aft Keystroke Options Command Keystroke Keystroke Some tips Bookmarks may be set by keyboard Ctrl Shift n sets the bookmark n where n is a digit key 0 9 Then Ctrl n jumps to the bookmark n The result of several of these options may be shown directly by switching to the Highlighter tab witch displays a mini editor Some tips Right click moves cursor is obsolete since right click displays a pop up menu that contains functions as do xxx on the yyy at current cursor
3. Validate or invalidate the compiler warning number n after this point Validate or invalidate all the compiler warnings after this point of source code This does not reset individual warning off as defined above Example W 10 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 7 29 Conditional compilation PMP allows conditional compilation by means of conditional directives Conditional directives are special comments that change the compiler code generation The syntax is a standard TP Delphi syntax lt Conditional directive gt lt Conditional Directive Item gt lt Conditional Directive Item gt Where lt Conditional Directive Item gt lt Conditional Define Item gt lt Conditional Expression ltem gt lt Conditional Define ltem gt DEFINE lt Conditional Identifier gt UNDEF lt Conditional Identifier gt IFDEF lt Conditional Identifier gt IFNDEF lt Conditional Identifier gt IFOPT lt Directive ltem gt ELSE ENDIF lt Conditional Expression Item gt IF lt Constant Conditional Expression gt ELSEIF lt Constant Conditional Expression gt ELSE IFEND lt Constant Conditional Expression gt is a standard lt Constant Integer Expression gt with additional built in function capabilities Defined lt Conditional Identifier gt and Declared lt Identifier gt see below lt Constant Conditional Expression is finally evaluated as a boole
4. Pic Micro Pascal V1 6 User Manual Doc date 2011 05 31 revision A Author Philippe Paternotte PPA PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL Summary MO ARAS 6 A ET 7 12 ERT e EE 7 A ET 8 2 1 Operating SYStOM cee rr nr nn i eee eee an nn nr rn nn nn nnrrrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 8 2 2 AT 8 2 3 Console Ee 8 23 1 Command line USAGE EE 8 2 3 2 Message output from PMP compiler 9 233 EXI OO it E as 9 ele E ET 10 24 1 PMP FOI eegene ege EE EENEG ER 12 2 4 1 1 Project general optons conan aca nc cane E E 12 2 4 1 2 Compiler options sireenin a a dee eEee e en 13 2 4 1 3 Assembler OptiONS sanieren eaa E na A aa EEE E EG 14 2A14 Linker options seniade oo aeaa da aaa 14 KE A ee ee Le EEN 14 2 4 1 6 Version and comments 15 24 2 Code EXPTE iniaa ae an seele SEENEN ged ees 16 pa SR CR ET E 17 2 4 4 Syntax highlighting and other editor optons nnen 19 2 5 Generated TES ooo ii a a aia 21 2 0 Configuration UE 22 S LE 23 3 1 BNF representation in this document 23 CO O 23 3 3 Constant formats viii a diia aa 24 34 tele Teller 25 3 5 Unit etruchure oooooocncccoconococcncnonnnn cnn Ann RR nn nn nn nnnnnnanrnnnnnnns 26 ERT 27 Jal Re 27 3 7 1 C SCODEGEN PLC mode code an Ee 27 3 7 2 CONFIG Configuration bits conc noncconncnn crono nn nano nn ran nnnannss 27 3 7 3 DEPRECATED Define a unit procedure or function as obsolete 28 3 7 4 EEPROM Define useable EEPROM area 28 3 7 5 EOL
5. CURSOR_MOVE_LEFT 86 CURSOR_MOVE RIGHT ooccnccccccicinncnoconnconcnncancnoncnnnccnnn conan 86 CURSOR MOVE LUES sirena eiii ra 86 DISPLAY_CURSOR_BLINK 86 DISPLAY_CURSOR_FIXED 86 DISPLAY CURSOR OFF 86 DISPL AN CURGOR ON 86 DISPLAY_TEXT_OFF 86 DISPLAY_TEXT_ON 86 LCD_4BITS 85 LCD_4BITS_UPPER 85 LCD_8BITS 85 A EE 87 LCD CNTRL PORTA 85 LCD_CNTRL_PORTB 85 LCD_CNTRL_PORTC 85 LCD_CNTRL_PORTD WI LCD_Cursor_Off 87 LCD_Cursor_On 87 LCD CursorMovekMode 87 LCD DATA PDORTA 85 LCD_DATA_PORTB 85 LCD_DATA_PORTC 85 LCD DATA PORTD ccoo 85 LCD_DisplayMode LCD GEN LCD GEN 10 LCD_GotoXY LCD_Home LCD Ion LCD_LINES_1 LCD_LINES_2 LCD_LINES_ A LCD_READ LCD_ShiftMode LCD Ging LCD_User_Char_5x10 a LCD User Char Dxp ccocccccccocccconococonncconnnnnonnnnnnnnnncnncnna nan nnnnnn 87 Ren E 86 LCD_WIDTH_16 85 LCD_WIDTH_20 85 LCD WIDTH liinda te e 85 ECD WIDTH EE 85 LCD_Write_Char 87 LCD _WriteString 87 LCD_X 87 LCD_Y 87 SHIFT_LEFT 86 SHIETIRIGA Toca 86 SHIRT TEXT os lana ees eae eee 86 LENGTH r Library A2D 91 Library KS107_108 88 Library LCD WI Library SERIAL 90 Limita rra ide 8 95 A AO 14 _ Document revision A Page 99 101 Open array
6. The underscore is always significant As in standard Pascal language PMP identifiers and any keyword are not case sensitive PMP identifiers are not limited in length but should be compatible with the assembler that is used MPAsm or other Identifiers may also generate internal larger composite identifiers for which the total length may exceed the limits of the assembler 32 characters for MPASM PMP will use a special squeezing technique to fit within the assembler limit of 32 characters while trying to maintain enough visual information for debugging Examples The following identifiers are legal _MyVar TheVar Var4 The var But these ones are illegal _ Maar 4TheVar Var4 The var Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES IDENTIFIERS Page 38 101 o 3 10 Constant declaration PMP supports the declaration of symbols of type constant that may be simple values strings or arrays Constants must be declared in a CONST section The syntax of a constant declaration is lt Constant gt lt Constant expression gt Or lt Constant gt lt Simple type gt lt Constant Expression gt Or lt Constant gt lt Type Identifier gt lt Constant Expression gt Or lt Constant gt ARRAY lt Range Expression gt lt Range Expression gt OF lt Simple Type gt lt Constant Expression gt lt Constant Expression gt Where lt Constant gt is a valid
7. 27 Fixed frequency the project s default ee has been overridden Deprecated or not applicable directive ignored SFR is read only OSA to write to an SFR that is tagged as read only in MPLAB files SFR bit is read only Attempt to write to an SFR bit that is tagged as read only in MPLAB files 31 SFR bit is write only Attempt to read an SFR bit that is tagged as write only in MPLAB files result value is meaningless This SFR bit is undefined This identifier is not valid bit name for the related SFR This bit is undefined for this SFR This identifier is not a bit name of the related SFR in the program 35 CHAR BYTE or WORD cannot be negative sub AE AA bytes stored Document revision A COMPILER MESSAGES WARNING MESSAGES Page 94 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 7 1 Known limitations PMP was primarily designed for small PIC devices and have not checked it for all devices so some problems may be encountered Feel free to report any problem that will be fixed in future versions PMP currently uses the Microchip MPAsm and MPLink functionalities it generates relocatable asm code with one section per procedure function or internal subroutine so the linker should fit all the code in available processor code pages Code and identifier names limitations are MPAsm and MPLink limitations for example the incredible 32 characters truncation for identifiers The process
8. 4 13 E EE 69 414 null En EE 70 A A anes snapSecceaadeanecdaasaviandedenndnnsedaceiadannncsasasncenaaaansnbaees 70 4 16 Bult mprocedures nn nn nn nn RR RR RR RR RR RR nn a nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnninnnnine 73 AIT Branching Eu 80 4 18 Code optimization Considerations 80 4 19 Elo atINg POINT cisco A T 81 A 194 OVNI a A ata ii arca 81 4 19 2 Supported FP built in funchons rtnn tentnn rennene nnn ne 81 A AQ 3 Oe EE 82 4 20 Dynamic Memory Allocation 83 420 1 e EE 83 4 20 2 HOW It WOKS coccion cola 83 4 20 3 Error treatment neiii iai aini a ianea aana a a Rahan aiaia eea a anaa EEEE a aa 83 AAA RR A 84 Ee VE 84 5 2 Global usage fuleS ocio dd de acidos 84 99 HNH e RK TEE 85 5 3 1 Supported features EE 85 5 3 2 le EE 85 5 3 3 Conditional compilatton tnn tnnenesrt rttr ttt EnErnE EErEE n nenn nE Ent 85 53 4 Constants xsena a A A a ANETE 86 DIO TYPOS aranea kee A EE 86 53 6 Interface iiien A ca 87 5 4 The KS107_108 former GLCD unt 88 5 4 1 Supported features 88 5 4 2 Conditional compilatton ttrt ttttennnEEnEn anent Enne 88 5 43 Ee EEN 88 59 4 4 Consta iS vaina cdi o A EEA RE Eea E aN aaa ENNEA 88 DAS TIPOS oi aa 89 54 6 ne EE 89 547 le En El 89 5 5 The SERIA L UD divi eccedeanaseancddesdwescacanssteaccteyWadeashcau saiteos EES 90 5 5 1 Supported features 90 5 5 2 Conditional compilatton aeaaee ninnan ia aiiin adai 90 E EEN 90 DIA EE 90 5 5 5 A caves sagan laguaseawsdunns lvastiicgangasaaunh eh isan e aaa
9. M PRZ Compile for PKZ evaluation board 5 Copy on top of the project main file Toggle options Warnings off W Suppress all warnings from the compiler for individual warnings see 3 7 Large pointers POINTERS LARGE Use large pointers 16 bits For PIC18 and enhanced PIC16 this is default and cannot be changed For other devices it may be useful to use 8 bits pointers in small applications since this generates smaller and faster code and uses less ram Strict type checking SSTRICT When activated PMP will use strict type checking as a normal Pascal compiler Complete boolean evaluation B Defaults to ON if ON every operand with AND and OR operators is guaranteed to be evaluated even when the result of the entire expression is already known if OFF evaluation stops as soon as the result of the entire expression becomes evident in left to right order of evaluation Optimizer mode Using the fastest code mode O SPEED generates less calls to standard subroutines that are generated inline this option consumes more program memory Using the smaller code mode 0 MEMORY generates systematically the calls to standard subroutines average program memory size is shorter but execution speed is a bit slower Using the Off mode 0 OFF disables any optimization functionality not recommended this is for debugging purpose since the generated code is a bit coarse Verbose asm output Th
10. This IDLOC has no defined value The referred IDLOC has not been defined before this point of code Illegal UO channel The I O channel given in an ASSIGN statement shoud be INPUT OUTPUT or ERROR only Illegal UO channel assignment expecting The given procedure for an ASSIGN output lt proc gt or ASSIGN error lt proc gt should procedure char function char or NIL have only one byte or char parameter The given function for an ASSIGN input lt func gt should have no parameter and a result type of CHAR or BYTE Else an assignment of nil is expected An attempt is made to redefine DEFINE or UNDEF a conditional compilation symbol that is global defined in project s properties or in the main program if in a unit due to lack of previous DIV or optimization Reserved word identifier expected A reserved word is used where an identifier is expected Document revision A COMPILER MESSAGES ERROR MESSAGES Page 93 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 6 2 Warning messages During compilation PMP may produce warning messages these messages indicate where the warning occurs A warning is not an error it indicates that PMP has flagged a condition that may be optimized by the programmer Warnings may be enabled or disabled globally or by number see compiler directives The warning number is issued in the message List of warning messages Message_________________z_z______ Additional c
11. Main lexical parser engine was built with a subset of TP Lex http www musikwissenschaft uni mainz de ag tply PMP IDE in the windows version is build around the SynEdit package http synedit sourceforge net Some optimization techniques were found on the PIC mine of code web site http www piclist com techref microchip routines htm Floating Point routines are adapted from the PicFloat libraries from Myke Gore This documentation is written with Sun s Open Office 3 2 7 7 Revision history V1 6 0 2011 05 31 PPA Fixed Always read volatile 16 variables LSB first and write them MSB first to manage PIC18 TMRx 16 bits mode Fixed Unexpected syntax error when an argument of WRITE std procedure is a function call with parameters and with a char or string result type Added In Extended Syntax mode an optional BY clause to the FOR statement to specify the loop variable increment MODULA OBERON like syntax Added In Extended Syntax mode an optional ELSIF clause to the IF statement MODULA OBERON like syntax Also added ELSIF as an alias of ELSEIF that stays for compatibility Added In Extended Syntax mode a LOOP END block equivalent to a REPEAT UNTIL FALSE block MODULA OBERON like syntax Added In Extended Syntax mode a RETURN lt Expression gt statement for functions that generates an optimized RESULT lt Expression gt EXIT block Added A FOR lt Loop Variable gt IN lt Enumerable type or vari
12. This constant returns the value of PI in the maximum FP precision in PMP REAL format that gives a 32 bits mantissa plus the sign bit This is a true constant not a computed value PMP defines some pseudo variables FREQUENCY VERSION This constant returns the current selected processor frequency in Hz This constant returns the PMP compiler version in a numerical form that may be used in expressions This is especially useful in IF conditional defines to compile for specific PMP versions well not very useful for now If the version is Major Minor Revision the returned value is Major 100 Minor 10 Revision Note this is not similar to the standard TP or Delphi that defines a conditional symbol like VERxxx IDLOC lt Constant Expression gt This array returns or sets the defined IDLOC value of index MEMAVAIL lt Constant Expression gt that is evaluated as 0 x depending on the processor On some processors this pseudo variable is writable On small processors this pseudo array is not readable in this case PMP uses values defined at compile time otherwise the current IDLOC s are read from the code flash memory This variable read only returns the currently available dynamic memory heap in bytes Dynamic memory is implemented for PIC18 and PIC16 enhanced only Division modulo optimization One thing that is frustrating not optimal in standard Pascal is the need to perform two divides to extra
13. lt Message gt Define the current unit procedure or function as obsolete If it is used the compiler will output a warning with the given lt Message gt quoted string Example DEPRECATED This procedure is kept for compatibility use XYZ instead 3 7 4 EEPROM Define useable EEPROM area lt Address expression gt TO lt Address expression gt Defines EEPROM memory area to use for variables that will be allocated after this point default is all available EEPROM The first parameter defines only the EEPROM start area the optional second parameter defines EEPROM top too last usable address This directive is local to the current module Example SEEPROM 10 TO FF 0 to SOF reserved for direct use 3 7 5 EOL Define end of line behavior CR CRLF Defines behavior for end of line in WRITELN CR puts only a CR 0D and CRLF default puts a CR and LF pair 0D 0A If this directive is present before a USES statement it propagates to the used units For READLN CR only matters and LF characters are ignored Example SEOL CR 3 7 6 EXTENDED Enable disable extended Pascal syntax NEW V1 6 0 ON OFF Tell the compiler to enable or disable some non standard Pascal syntax Default is ON If the extended syntax is enabled PMP implements some nice features taken from other Pascal like languages such as MODULA or OBERON These extended syntax are A BY clause in the
14. ooooooccnnnnnnnnnnnnnnocccnnnnnncccccnnnnn narran 53 3 14 3 Parameter passing Convention 54 3 14 4 Open array Darameiers nn nn nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnecnnes 55 3 14 5 Forward procedures and Tunchons 55 3 14 6 External procedures and Tunchons 56 3 14 6 1 Memory allocation in assembler modules 56 3 15 Interrupt special procedures eet aa a a Ta Ea aE 57 3 16 Main program DOCK eresian a EE OO 58 3 17 Unit initialization block 58 e WEE CTT 59 4 1 Assignments and EXPrESSIONS iii a O cc 59 4 1 1 SHR 8 SHL normal bebaviors nne 59 4 1 2 Divid amp eoperator EE 60 4 1 3 Logical operator S cinco sapni ani EEEE EEE e PEE EEES 60 4 1 4 Operand size promotion signed Or upsigned cnn nn nnnnnannnn 60 4 1 5 Bit results and related special bebavors rr eent 61 4 1 6 Bit expressions and etatements 61 4 2 WITH State EE 62 De 62 4 4 IEstatement cece cece ee ee ee eae eee eaaeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaaaaaaaeaaaaeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeageeeeeeseaaaees 63 4 5 ELSEIF statement NEW IV GD 63 4 6 WHILE State Metu a casa ress 64 dE TEE ET EE 64 CARA A capanvannededavansendcdectediased eaphapasnsgesshubanndanatnb kaeaddapayveasiundbabhdesdecdnsnnne sees 64 4 9 FOR statement cece eee eee eect eeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eae eaaaaaaeeaaeaeaeceeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeseeeeeeeeeeaaaeaees 65 4 10 FOR iterator NEW VDD od eat 67 4 11 BREAK statement icon ras 68 4 12 CONTINUE statement AA 68 Document revision A Page 3 101
15. InErrorCode byte Holds the last error codes if the serial input routine is used 5 5 6 Interface function SerialPort_InputReady boolean Returns true if a character has been received on the serial port function SerialPort_Input byte Return the received byte from the serial port Return the receive error bits 1 overrun amp 2 framing errors in the InErrorCode global variable Warning It waits if there is no char ready procedure SerialPort_Output Ch byte Write a character to the LCD with line column management CR amp LF managed too may be hooked to WRITE WRITELN see below procedure SerialPort_OutputString const romable S SerialString Write a string to the serial port The string may be a string literal ROM or a string variable RAM Document revision A Lipraries THe SERIAL unit Page 90 101 5 6 The A2D unit The A2D unit is a wrapper to the Analog To Digital features It does not support interrupt based acquisition Demo project None 5 6 1 Supported features e Full initialization of the A D system e Dor 10 bits formats e Acquisition delay setting 5 6 2 Conditional compilation None Any A2D mode may be adjusted at run time 5 6 3 Constants None 5 6 4 Types tA2D_Channels tA2D_Mode adm8bits adm1 Obits tA2D_ACQT tA2D_Clock tA2D_Vref_Mode 5 6 5 Variables None 5 6 6 Interface Defines th
16. Purpose This is the standard Pascal READ and READLN procedures that read variables from the current console see ASSIGN PMP specificities There is no buffer If a numeric is followed by a space or tabulation character this one will be lost for the next READ see example below REAL numbers are not allowed Examples var B byte C char S string Assuming that incoming characters are 123 ABCD readin C B S This will set C to B to 123 and S to ABCD note that one space before ABCD has been lost STR lt Expression gt Width Expression gt lt String Variable gt Where lt Expression gt may be any expression that may be evaluated by the compiler REAL numbers are treated but formatting is limited in the current version the number of decimals cannot be specified and output is always in scientific format like 1 23456E 23 lt Width Expression gt is an optional qualifier defaults to zero it is any expression that may be evaluated by the compiler but result is used as BYTE If the evaluation of width expression evaluates to a larger value a byte truncation warning is issued Purpose This is the standard Pascal STR procedure that converts an expression to a string with optional width qualifier If lt Width Expression gt specifies more than the necessary digits needed to represent lt Expression gt spaces are inserted at left to adjust the string to lt Width Express
17. lt Identifier gt Returns high bound of an ARRAY enumerated or range type returns max length for a STRING type or max value of a simple variable or type HIGH boolean returns 1 HIGH shortint returns 127 7F HIGH byte returns 255 FF HIGH word returns MAXWORD 65 535 FFFF HIGH integer returns MAXINT 32 767 7FFF HIGH longint returns MAXLONGINT 2 147 483 647 7FFFFFFP HIGH longword returns MAXLONGWORD 4 294 967 295 FFFFFFFF HIGH single returns approximately 3 4E 38 not standard Pascal HIGH real returns approximately 6 8E 38 not standard Pascal LENGTH lt Identifier gt Returns the length in elements of an ARRAY type or a STRING type For an ARRAY type the length is the number of elements of the array For a STRING type the length is the actual length of the string not the total number of bytes see SIZEOF or the max number of characters see HIGH LO lt Expression gt Returns the low byte of an expression result LOW lt Identifier gt Returns low bound of an ARRAY type or range type returns zero for STRING type and enumerated types or min value of a simple integer variable or type or epsilon smallest value for a float variable or type LOW boolean byte word returns 0 LOW shortint returns 128 80 LOW integer returns 32 768 8000 LOW longint returns 2 147 483 648 80000000 LOW longword returns 0 LOW single returns approximately 1 5E 45 not standard Pascal L
18. lt Identifier gt Special built in function that can be used in conditional expressions and in any expression in normal code It returns TRUE if lt Identifier gt is a Pascal identifier constant type variable function or procedure name that has been declared at this point EEREAD lt Address Expression gt EEREAD lt Address Expression gt BYTE CHAR SHORTINT WORD INTEGER LONGWORD LONGINT EEREAD lt Address Expression gt lt Size Expression gt Returns EEPROM byte from a direct address uses standard EEPROM processor registers If lt Address Expression gt evaluates to a width greater than BYTE a truncation occurs and a warning is produced If lt Address Expression gt is a constant a bounds check is made regarding processor s implementation The second form specifies the read length number of bytes in this case the returned value is in the specified size The third form may be used to specify the size with a constant expression returning the value 1 2 or 4 According to this size the returned value is BYTE WORD or LONGWORD HEX lt Expression gt Returns the hexadecimal ASCII digit equivalent 0 9 A F to the low nibble of lt Expression gt a mask for the low nibble is not necessary Document revision A STATEMENTS BUILT IN FUNCTIONS Page 70 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL HI lt Expression gt Returns the high byte of an expression truncated to WORD HIGH
19. the FOR TO loop is implemented as an equivalent of lt Variable gt lt Expressionl gt IF lt Variable gt lt lt Expression2 gt THEN WHILE TRUE DO BEGIN lt Block gt IF lt Variable gt lt gt lt Expression2 gt THEN INC lt Variable gt ELSE BREAK END And as well the FOR DOWNTO loop lt Variable gt lt Expressionl gt IF lt Variable gt gt lt Expression2 gt THEN WHILE TRUE DO BEGIN lt Block gt IF lt Variable gt lt gt lt Expression2 gt THEN DEC lt Variable gt ELSE BREAK END There are some special behaviors from other standard Pascal implementations e End value is evaluated once at the beginning and stored in a stack temporary variable if needed e lt Variable gt is always set to lt Expression1 gt at first evaluation unless some cases listed in the optimizations see below e lt Variable gt content at normal loop termination is equal to lt Expression2 gt if one loop has been executed or lt Variable gt still contains lt Expression1 gt if lt Expression2 gt was reached at the first evaluation Nevertheless standard Pascal specification states that variable value at the end of a loop is not predictable and should not be used e Acheck is made by PMP to forbid lt Variable gt assignment inside the loop or passing lt Variable gt as a VAR argument Optimizati
20. 0 SLEEP Put the PIC in sleep state The processor will wake up on interrupt or WDT if activated NOP or NOP lt Constant gt Generates a single or multiple processor s NOP instruction 4 15 Built in functions PMP supports the following standard functions ABS lt Expression gt Returns the absolute value of the given expression If the given expression results to an integer size different from INTEGER or LONGINT the function returns the expression unchanged unsigned expression Else the ABS value is generated as Result lt Expression gt if lt Expression gt is negative Side effect for integer values if Expression is equal to the minimum value of the expression width the result is lt Expression gt ABS 32768 result is 32768 If lt Expression gt returns a floating point value the result is in the same type as lt Expression gt CHR lt Identifier_or_numeric gt Returns the character value of lt Identifier_or_numeric gt truncated to byte The result type is CHAR DEFINED lt Conditional Identifier gt DEFINED lt Conditional Identifier String gt Special built in function that can be used in conditional expressions IF and ELSEIF directives and in any expression in normal code It returns TRUE if lt Conditional Identifier gt is DEFINE d at this point equivalent to the IFDEF directive The second form accepts and wild card characters in the string to match more than one symbol DECLARED
21. 4 Open array parameters An open array parameter is a way to pass an array for which the dimension is not known or to pass arrays with different sizes Example PROCEDURE Test X ARRAY OF integer BEGIN FOR I LOW X TO HIGH X DO X 1 I I END VAR X0 ARRAY 1 5 OF integer X1 ARRAY 2 20 OF integer Test X0 Test X1 When an array is passed as an open array parameter its bounds are shifted so that low bound is zero so the low pseudo function applied to an open array always returns 0 An Open array parameter is always passed by address The open array pseudo variable X in the example is allocated as a pointer but occupies also an additional RAM space that is used to pass the actual high bound of the array Open arrays may be passed as an argument to another procedure or function Open arrays cannot be assigned globally only elements may be accessed 3 14 5 Forward procedures and functions Procedures and functions may be declared as forward standard Pascal the forwarded declaration argument list or function result must match the first declaration or may be omitted Example PROCEDURE ForwardProc2 VAR X INTEGER Y BYTE FORWARD PROCEDURE Procl VAR A INTEGER BEGIN ForwardProc2 A 12 sets A to 12 END PROCEDURE ForwardProc2 BEGIN PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 14 6 External proc
22. AND EXPRESSIONS Page 60 101 _ 4 1 5 Bit results and related special behaviors Relations will generate boolean wide results FALSE 0 TRUE 1 PMP has a special internal Boolean accumulator stack so it can deal with pure Boolean operators A means to set clear test a bit within a variable also exists through the dot notation the lt variable gt lt bit gt form allows the program to test or assign a single bit in any integer variable lt bit gt is a numeric constant value or an identifier that was declared as a numeric constant and lt variable gt may be of either a variable or constant type Bit must be between 0 and the maximum bit number of the variable 7 31 where 0 is the LSB For bit tests if the bit is set the factor evaluates as TRUE 1 else it evaluates as FALSE 0 lt Variable gt lt bit gt lt Expression gt lt Expression gt is reduced to a BOOLEAN nature anything other than zero is considered as TRUE the state of lt bit gt within lt variable gt will be set to match the outcome of lt Expression gt Usually lt bit gt may be an integer literal or constant PMP allows referring to a boolean variable for lt bit gt the code generated will use the bit number of the boolean variable PMP does not check the pertinence of such construction Example VAR Inputl boolean PORTC 4 TRISC Inputl true set input mode for PORTC 4 Relations will produce bit
23. Beacon 9 LNOT_OPTION_SERIAL Boolean PORTA 3 in B MyAddr Byte 34 in Beacon 9 O_LED_ERROR Boolean PORTC 1 in Beacon 9 O_LED_FOR_ME Boolean PORTC 3 in Beacon 9 O LED LO DAT Boolean PORTC 2 in Beacot gt O_LED_RECEIVING Boolean PORTC 0 in Beaco 9 O_PWM_A Boolean PORTC 4 in Beacon O_PWM_B Boolean PORTC 5 in Beacon SerialOption Boolean Beacon BOOL 033 0 ii 9 Value Boolean Beacon BOOL 033 1 in Bead Local variables amp Parameters Procedures g A2D_Init procedure 42D_Channels Word A2D_ gt PYM_Duty procedure aDuty Byte in PvvM_CcP PAM nit procedure in DM CCH Dud Ziert procedure in Dud CC 9 P m_Stop procedure aVVaitLast Boolean in Py SerialPort_Output procedure Ch Byte in Serial p SerialPort_OutputString procedure S String in S _NIT_ procedure in Serial Functions d Prog Delphi pmp2006 Examples Beacon pas Warning 24 at line 424 Inaccurate baud rate Effective Baud 19230 E Done Compilation was successful 1 warning 3016 instructions free This tree presents all the project s constants types variables and procedures functions used in the project By clicking on an object the source code where this object is defined may be displayed Warning All information is extracted from the last compilation and so may be not accurate if changes had been made in the sources 2 4 3 The tools menu
24. Booleans the NOT instruction will invert a bit Boolean For other types of variables the NOT operator will invert the whole value so consider the differences VAR Bitl Boolean Bytel Byte2 Byte Bitl TRUE single bit Boolean set to 1 Boolean true Bytel Bitl byte variable set to 1 Boolean true Byte2 NOT Bytel byte variable set to SFE NOT 01 Byte2 NOT Bitl byte variable set to 0 NOT TRUE 4 1 6 Bit expressions and statements If the CODEGEN 1 directive is used the compiler switches to a special bit expressions and statements mode All operators or function calls are supported in bit expressions except the negate operator The difference in bit expressions is that the operator multiply is interpreted as an alias of AND the operator add as an alias of OR and the operator is an alias of NOT so that expressions like ones used in PLCs may be used Example SCODEGEN 1 PLC MODE Outl e Inl In2 In3 Equivalent to NOT Inl OR In2 AND In3 SCODEGEN 1 END OF PLC MODE Note operator has the maximum precedence in expressions evaluations so Outl Inl In2 In3 In4 Is equivalent to Outl Inl In2 In3 In4 4 2 WITH statement PMP allows a limited form of the standard WITH statement WITH lt Identifier gt lt Identifier gt DO lt Block gt This statement does not generate code
25. Define end of line bebavior 28 3 7 6 EXTENDED Enable disable extended Pascal syntax NEW OT GD 28 3 7 7 FREQUENCY Processor reguency erneten 28 3 7 8 HIDLOC Define user ID EE 29 3 7 9 I SINCLUDE Include source le 29 3 7 10 INIT SINITIALIZE Define start up Inittalzatons ee 30 3 7 11 INTERRUPTS Enable disable define Imterupts 30 3 7 12 JUMPS Define jUMPS rage 31 3 7 13 O OPTIM OPTIMIZE Define optimization mode 31 3 7 14 OPTIMIZE_PARAMS Define parameter passing optimization mode 31 3 7 15 OSCCAL Activates or deactivates OSCCAL processor feature 31 3 7 16 P POINTERS Define pointers elze conc cnn no nono no nana nnnnns 32 3 7 17 POP Restore compiler Options occccoccocccocccoooncoocnnoonnononononnconnnnonnononononnonnnnnnnnnnnss 32 3 7 18 PROCESSOR Define Droceseor 32 3 7 19 PUSH Save compiler options nt 33 3 7 20 RESERVED RAM EEPROM Specify a memory region as unusable 33 3 7 21 SCRIPT Define the linker script to use 33 3 7 22 S SPACE Switch memory allocation to RAM or EEDROM 33 3 7 23 STRINGS Set default string size 34 Document revision A E Page 2 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 7 24 SUERROR Generate a compiler eo 34 3 7 25 UWARNING Generate a compiler waming reren ee 34 3 7 26 V VARIABLES Define the memory region for RAM variable 34
26. II lt Comment gt They may appear on a line by themselves or combined with program statements 3 7 Directives gt Directives cannot be inserted in expressions or assignments they must be outside of statements Directives are special comments that change compiler code generation The syntax is standard Pascal syntax lt Directive gt lt Directive ltem gt lt Any comment gt lt Directive ltem gt lt Any comment gt A space may be inserted after the sign not standard Pascal Spaces are not significant in directive items In below descriptions some directives or arguments has synonyms they are separated by a toggles may be replaced by are aliases of ON OFF toggles for directives that apply lt Any comment gt is to specify that any text after the directive parameters if any is considered as comment 3 7 1 C CODEGEN PLC mode code 1 1 or PLC NORMAL Toggles special PLC mode bit operations generation default is off or NORMAL bit operations and statements are limited see chapter 4 1 5 3 7 2 CONFIG Configuration bits lt Configltem gt lt Configltem gt NONE NONE keyword used alone tells the compiler to not generate the CONFIG directive for the assembler This is useful when using a bootloader that supersedes automatically all options The CONFIG NONE directive may coexist with other CONFIG directives but simply they will not be generated This is the new s
27. LONGINT value that is the value of lt X gt rounded to the nearest whole number If lt X gt is exactly halfway between two whole numbers the result is always the even number This method of rounding is often called Banker s Rounding If the rounded value of lt X gt is not within the LONGINT range the function returns the maximum value according to the sign and a run time FP integer overflow error flag is set FP_10V which can be tested by the programmer SQRT lt X gt This function returns the square root of lt X gt If lt X gt lt 0 a runtime FP invalid operation error flag is set FP_IOP which can be tested by the programmer TRUNC lt X gt This function truncates a real REAL or SINGLE value to an integer type value TRUNC returns a LONGINT value that is the value of lt X gt rounded toward zero If the truncated value of lt X gt is not within the LONGINT range the function returns the maximum value according to the sign and a run time FP integer overflow error flag is set ER JON which can be tested by the programmer SQR lt X gt This function returns the square of lt X gt As an exception to the general rule since SQR X is implemented as X X the argument may be of any type integer or FP and the result is in the same type as the argument Except for FP expressions where the result is always in the REAL type Warning overflow may occur since lt X gt is not converted POW lt X1 gt lt X2 gt
28. TEST1 include TEST1 PAS SINCLUDE TEST2 INC INCLUDE This is a long file name pas PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 7 10 INIT SINITIALIZE Define start up initializations lt Item gt lt ltem gt Initialize some processor features at start up reset lt Item gt may be one of the following ALL Include all possible initializations see below PORTS INPUT OUTPUT If INPUT is specified or by default set all LATx or PORTx registers to zero then initialize all TRISx registers to FF all inputs otherwise set all LATx or PORTx registers to zero then initialize all TRISx registers to 00 all outputs ANALOGS Initialize all analog registers to zero so that the processor is ready to do digital I O on all pins Depending on the processor this includes ANSEL ANSELH ADCON1 or sets ADCON1 or ANCONO ANCONT to all digital inputs for PIC18 Depending on the processor digital UO may need to initialize COMPARATORS too see below RAM Initialize all used ram variables explicit variables only to zero By default PMP does not initialize memory Note that if used all the HEAP memory pointers structures are always reset during start up INTERRUPTS Initialize all interrupt registers to zero Depending on the processor this includes INTCON INTCON2 INTCONS PIE1 PIE2 PIR1 and PIR2 COMPARATORS NEW V1 5 4 Initialize all comparators enabling registers to set all I O
29. Unit that is compiled v A asm file that contains the generated assembler language source file v A sym file that contains information about a compiled unit for memory allocation and global variables not readable by an editor PMP generates also a pmp 1kr file that serves as a relay for calling the linker PMP generates also a lt project name gt tree file that stores the project symbols tree for the code explorer The windows version of PMP generates several ini files that tracks user setup for each file type syntax highlighting and a main ini file that holds global user settings and opened files and a pmp project file that holds user setup for the project For the MPAsm and MPLink generated files see MPLAB documentation PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 2 6 Configuration file PMP uses a configuration file named processors cfg that must be in the same directory as the PMP executable This file has an ini structure it is used to describe special behaviors of processors that cannot be deducted from the MPAsm and MPLink files It can be customized to declare new processors than have not been evaluated yet If a processor is not explicitly described in the configuration file it is assumed to have no specific behaviors and will use defaults The structure of each entry is Processor Part Number Item 1 Value 1 Item n Value n Processor Par
30. a full block of bytes Record multi bits fields Introduced in V1 3 13 to match SFR particular multi bits fields such as ADCONO CHS a new syntax has been defined lt Multi bits Field Declaration gt lt Type Identifier gt BITS lt Numeric Constant gt Where lt Number of bits gt is an expression that returns a value in the 1 8 range Multi bits fields may be accessed as any other record field They are assumed to be unsigned A multi bit field cannot cross a BYTE boundary Also if a multi bits field is followed by a simple type as BYTE INTEGER or whatever this one cannot cross a byte boundary too Memory representation Individual bits and bit slices are allocated LSB first from right to left A multi bits declaration is only allowed within a RECORD declaration TYPE tMyRecordBits RECORD X BYTE bits 0 7 of first byte Bl BOOLEAN bit 0 of second byte same as Bl BITS 1 BF1 BITS 3 bits 1 3 of 2nd byte BF2 BITS 4 bits 4 7 of 2nd byte END This is not allowed TYPE tMyRecordBits RECORD X BYTE bits 0 7 of first byte Bl BOOLEAN bit 0 of second byte same as Bl BITS 1 Y BYTE bits 0 7 of 3rd byte BF1 BITS 3 bits 1 3 of 2nd byte BF2 BITS 4 bits 4 7 of 2nd byte END 3 11 2 1 Dynamic records gt Dynamic records are introduced in V1 4 9 as an alpha feature that needs to b
31. any For MPAsm file search PMP finds the path in the registry Path for processor include file is not emitted in asm file for MPAsm include directive since it has its own path search mechanism Document revision A OPERATION CONSOLE VERSION Page 8 101 2 3 2 Message output from PMP compiler The PMP console version outputs messages to the screen and to an erp file witch syntax is similar to the MPAsm error file syntax 2 3 3 Exit code In the current implementation Exit Code is 0 if no warnings or errors 1 if warnings but no errors 2 if there are errors 2 4 Windows version The PMP Windows version starts directly with the PMP IDE This version may accept one command line argument that is a project file name pmp to open Here is a typical screen shot of PMP IDE Pascal file with old fashioned colors PMP Beacon File Edit Search Project Tools Help olema gt e ajaj al ojsj2sje 24 at line 417 Inaccurate baud rate Effective Baud And the same one with Delphi 2006 colors PMP Beacon Ele Edit Search Project Tools Help olema eje dale B olla Beacon pas Beacon asm 24 program Beacon 25 26 SPROCESSOR PICL6FE90 27 Frequency 4 Mhz 28 SOPTIM SPEED 29 30 SDEFINE PK2 Generate code for testing on PicKit2 evaluation board else it is for the targ 31 32 What is used in the StrUtil unit 33 DEFINE
32. apply to LONGINT LONGWORD compares so such compare is made SIGNED For math operators if one term is signed the result is signed else it is unsigned When needed PMP may expand to floating point if one term is a FP Assignment of a FP to an integer variable in STRICT OFF mode or an integer to a FP variable is allowed in PMP with warning in the FP gt integer way the compiler generates automatically the appropriate conversions Please note that PMP internal FP routines use REAL format for precision SINGLE values or variables are always converted to REAL before computing SINGLE is provided for 32 bits IEEE compatibility and variable storage reduction Example In VAR Bl B2 B3 B4 BYTE Wl W2 WORD possible overflow on byte multiplication if B1 B2 gt 255 Bl Bl B2 WI B3 W2 The expression is evaluated as Bl BYTE WORD B1 B2 W1 WORD B3 W2 This is not the same as In VAR Bl B2 B3 B4 BYTE Wl W2 WORD No overflow on byte multiplication Bl B1 W1 B2 B3 W2 Where the expression is evaluated as Bl BYTE WORD B1 W1 WORD B2 WORD B3 W2 Note both cases will produce a warning message for byte truncation on B1 assignment Be careful to use the highest precision term at a leftmost possible position if intermediate results may overflow Document revision A STATEMENTS ASSIGNMENTS
33. as digital Depending on the processor actually it includes only CMCON This directive cannot be used inside the main program block since initialization call is done just before This directive cannot be used in units This directive supersedes a previous one the last one sets initialization flags any previous one is discarded Example SINIT RAM ANALOGS 3 7 11 INTERRUPTS Enable disable define interrupts ON OFF Tell the compiler that we don t need interrupts so that interrupt entry points are not generated This directive cannot be found after an interrupt procedure had been defined or after the begin of the main program block Default is ON Example SINTERRUPTS ON UNIQUE MULTIPLE Tell the compiler that we need only one interrupt procedure UNIQUE or more than one MULTIPLE so that interrupt entry points are optimized see interrupt procedure format This directive cannot be found after an interrupt procedure had been defined or after the begin of the main program block Default is MULTIPLE This has nothing to do with PIC18 low high interrupts and priorities we may have an unique interrupt or multiple ones per priority Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES DIRECTIVES Page 30 101 o PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 7 12 JUMPS Define jumps range SHORT LONG processor PIC18 only By default PMP generates BRA instructions for jumps wi
34. as for a variable string Except for strings or arrays a symbol of type constant does not consume RAM space they are only used by the compiler Contrary to rules used by TP or Delphi a typed constant is not modifiable at runtime it is not in RAM Constant string and arrays are stored in program code space use of a set of RETLW instructions for PIC10 PIC16 and DATA directives for PIC18 PMP tries to optimize constant strings or arrays if they are short or indexed by a constant can generate no code space at all Characters of a string may be accessed through an index like for an ARRAY CONST MyString Hello World 13 10 A MyString TheIndex If a string is only referenced with a constant index S constant it will not generate a block of code for storing the constant string A small enough string move assignment is implemented as individual byte moves If a constant string is used more than once it will generate only one block of code to store it 3 10 2 Pseudo SET IN keyword A special construction is im plemented for bit masks using the syntax of standard Pascal SET BitA BitB defines a bit mask where the bit positions BitA and BitB are set Special behavior If an element is a BOOLEAN variable the bit number of this variable is used The standard IN keyword may be used to check a bit within any expression result as a pseudo SET Example V
35. content as it can change at any time between two Pascal statements Example VAR IntCount VOLATILE BYTE Can change in interrupt Warning VOLATILE does not mean atomic if the variable is of a type greater than one byte PMP does not care about if one byte may be modified between two PIC instructions It is up to the programmer to code special constructions to avoid atomic problems Note Most of the processor s standard registers SFR are automatically assumed as VOLATILE along with variables declared as SFR Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES VARIABLES DECLARATION Page 50 101 l PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 12 8 Special usage of bit number or reference PMP s special not standard Pascal bits within an identifier may be referenced with their bit number numerical or constant Examples CONST TheBit 5 VAR ABit boolean Abit Maar A ABit TheVar TheBit ABit PORTA O PMP s special not standard Pascal when referenced in a set or dot syntax boolean variables return their bit number this is useful for I O mappings Examples VAR MyInputl boolean PORTA 3 MyInput2 boolean PORTA 4 TRISA MyInputl MyInput2 Equivalent to 3 4 TRISA MyInputl TRUE Set TRISA 3 to 1 3 13 SFR Special Function Register declaration The SFR type is a special case of the
36. current X column position function LCD_Y byte Return the current Y line position procedure LCD_Home Set the cursor to the home position 1 1 does not affect text procedure LCD_WriteString const romable St LCD_String Write a string to the display The string may be a string literal ROM or a string variable RAM Not available for PIC10 PIC12 procedure LCD_CursorMoveMode Mode byte Set the cursor move mode with a combination of the above constants procedure LCD_Cursor_On Show text and cursor it is a shortcut for LCD_DisplayMode DISPLAY_TEXT_ON DISPLAY_CURSOR_ON DISPLAY_CURSOR_BLINK procedure LCD_Cursor_Off Show the text but hide the cursor it is a shortcut for LCD_DisplayMode DISPLAY_TEXT_ON procedure LCD_DisplayMode Mode byte Set the display move mode with a combination of the above constants procedure LCD_ShiftMode Mode byte Set the display shift mode with a combination of the above constants procedure LCD_User_Char_5x8 CharCode Line1 Line2 Line3 Line4 Line5 Line6 Line7 Line8 byte Define the CG layout for the given character code if we are using a 5x8 display procedure LCD_User_Char_5x10 CharCode Line1 Line2 Line3 Line4 Line5 Line6 Line7 Line8 Line9 Line10 Line11 byte Defines the CG layout for the given character code if we are using a 5x10 display Document revision A LIB
37. destructors virtual methods and any OOP concepts x Compared to Delphi s records they have no constructors operators or methods overloading x Dynamic records are not initialized except by the INIT RAM directive as any other variable in PMP How a dynamic record works A dynamic record method has an implicit VAR parameter that is always passed from the caller called SELF it is a pointer to the record itself To be clear the method in the example above is implicitly equivalent to procedure tMyDynRecord Init iX iY BYTE var SELF tMyDynRecord begin with SELF do begin X iX Y Ss iY B1 true B2 true end end gt Note SELF is a new reserved word that refers to the record itself within a dynamic record method only PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 12 Variables declaration PMP has the following variable types BYTE unsigned byte This is the most effective format in PMP CHAR unsigned byte see below SHORTINT integer 8 bits signed WORD unsigned integer 16 bits unsigned INTEGER integer 16 bits signed LONGINT long integer 32 bits signed LONGWORD or DWORD long word 32 bits unsigned SINGLE floating point value in the standard 32 bits 23 bits mantissa IEEE format see FP chapter REAL floating point value in the special proprietary format that PMP uses internally it is 48 bits wide 6
38. frequency is the value that is used by Eed PMP if there is no frequency directive in the main file or if a es unit is compiled separately This field may be grayed if the processor has a fixed frequency The main file is the root file of the project typically the program file 133 Copy on top of the project main file PMP includes automatically all the files listed in uses or external declarations but other files may be added The additional files list should contain the list of all these other files and it is used to build the project It may include asm files that should be assembled or object files passed directly to the linker 2 4 1 2 Compiler options Project options for Beacon ES s F b Seng Include and unit paths is the list of paths separated by a asee Conero seventh tr arcos Yersen and cert semicolon that the compiler searches for an include file 1 directive or a unit file USES section Include and unit paths el Output path D Prog Delphi pmp2006 Asm el lings off v te be evaluation e e ad ocio Output path is the path where the compiler will output all the ee re cea SEI RN generated files This is also the sources path for the assembler Optimizer _ Assembler output Fastest code IV Verbose asm output C Smaller code IV Commented asm output C off Iw Symbol table and memory usage in asm output Conditional defines
39. i aaae aaea aa Ea aA aa aa 90 5 5 6 INteratE cisien naaa EE Ee aaa Danaa aaae aaa E AEA AN 90 5 0 The A2D Uta a E 91 5 6 1 Supported features 91 5 6 2 Conditional compilatton tennere annt rennen nnt reeeent 91 E RTE EN 90 04 EE EN SCENE EE eege Ee teas EN 56 6 EE Eege enee beet ER EN Le d GE 92 61 ENORMES E 92 6 2 Warning MESS Sicilia 94 7 PMP development SSUES ccoooononnnnnnnnnnnncccnnenenononnnnnnnn ans n sanan ana n erre rr rre ren ren nnmnnn enneunen nnmnnn 95 7 1 Known Wmttatons cece cece eee ceeeccee cece eee eeeee eect eae eaeaaaaaeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeedeceeccnaeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteteeees 95 Liz OO iii id td 95 TES Notto do ll EE 95 TA AMINED Ee e 95 7 9 ABOUT the EE 95 7 6 Development tools and contrbuttons ttnn Et EnEn n nnen 96 Tal Revision lO c 96 OB MINOX EE EE 98 9 User ANNOTATIONS wiiss ciasciass cdadvansvussausaasvesdsunavines de Diener SEENEN EEN 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL Pic Micro Pascal aka PMP is a language tool that is targeted for small and medium Microchip PIC family of micro controllers PIC10 PIC12 PIC16 and PIC18 PMP is not a commercial compiler that does everything but is intended to assist developers with the generation of small to medium both in scope and in code size applications for the PIC Major guidelines of development are Try to be as close as possible to the standard TP Delphi syntax Do not use special built in fun
40. identifier name lt Constant Expression gt is a valid numeric character or string expression that may be computed at this point lt Range Expression is a valid numeric constant that may be computed at this time lt Simple Type gt may be BOOLEAN BYTE SHORTINT WORD LONGWORD DWORD or LONGINT and also SINGLE or REAL for PIC16 gt Simple typed constants syntax is for convenience only it forces a range checking such a variable declaration does not generate initialization code or variable allocation as in TP or Delphi these strange variable constants lt Type Identifier gt is an identifier of a previously defined TYPE The resulting type should be lt Simple Type gt or an ARRAY type String types are not allowed only direct string literals may be used lt Value Expression gt is a valid numeric constant expression that may be computed at this time If the value does not match lt simple type gt a truncation occurs and a warning is produced Expressions may be any valid expression that may be evaluated by the compiler at this point PMP uses 32 bits arithmetic for computing integer constant expressions and 64 bits doubles for computing floating point expressions CONST ConstOne 123 4 10 ConstTwo ConstOne 1 ConstThree hello world string made by concatenation ConstThreeCrLf ConstThree 13 10 string with CR LF ConstFour 4 ConstFive PI 1 234E 3 defaults to RE
41. in PMP it is only a programming facility Precedence is last to first identifier Restrictions In the present implementation of PMP the following forms are not accepted WITH lt Identifier gt DO WITH Identifier DO where lt Identifier gt is a pointer variable WITH lt Identifier gt lt SubField gt DO where lt Identifier gt is a record type 4 3 CASE statement PMP allows the following standard form of the CASE statement CASE lt Expression gt OF lt ConstRange gt lt ConstRange gt lt Block gt ELSE lt Block gt END Where lt ConstRange gt lt ConstExpr gt lt ConstExpr gt lt ConstExpr gt is any constant expression that the compiler can evaluate at this point Restrictions lt Expression gt and lt ConstExpr gt should evaluate to a BYTE result else a byte truncation warning will be produced CASE constructions are implemented as a set of compare values or as a jump table depending on the complexity to optimize speed and memory 4 4 IF statement IF lt Expression gt THEN lt Block gt ELSE lt Block gt IF statement is optimized for bit Boolean use but in non strict mode PMP also accepts a non boolean expression any value that is not zero is evaluated as TRUE 1 Optimizations If lt Expression gt evaluates to a constant value equal to 0 FALSE no code is generated for the lt Expression gt evaluation and for the next block and the ELS
42. lt Address expression gt Defines RAM memory area to use for variables that will be allocated after this point default is all available RAM The first parameter defines only the RAM start address the optional second parameter defines RAM top too last usable address Check is made regarding to the processor configuration This directive is local to the current module Example VARIABLES 20 TO 6F 3 7 27 VECTORS Define reset and interrupt vectors gt This directive replaces the RESET directive that was too restricted and have been removed PIC18 RESET lt Address gt INT_LOW lt Address gt INT_HIGH lt Address gt Others RESET lt Address gt INT lt Address gt Defines the RESET and or the interrupt vectors to the given lt Address gt expression This is where PMP places a jump to the appropriate code All items are optional if not given the default address is used The programmer is allowed to change the vectors so that he is able to install he s own start up code a boot loader or any that installs itself at 0000 This directive cannot be used if some code has been already generated This directive is only available in a program project wide directive Example SIFDEF BOOTLOADER SVECTORS RESET 800 INT 804 ENDIF Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES DIRECTIVES Page 34 101 3 7 28 W WARN WARNING Define a compiler warnings behavior n
43. processor as a PIC16 enhanced mid range processor NoReturn 1 and NoAddlw 1 together force PMP to use the PIC10 PIC12 code generator this is used for some very reduced instruction set PIC16 processors Tip Document revision A OPERATION CONFIGURATION FILE Page 22 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 1 BNF representation in this document This document uses a simplified BNF style representation that came from TpLex styles Y Characters in bold face are literal characters v Items between parentheses are optional v The vertical bar denotes an option synonym of or v Astar after an item denotes the possible repetition of this item v A is a synonym of is Examples lt Literal Comment gt This is a comment This is a comment that is fully literal lt Another Comment gt lt Your Comment gt This is a comment that is described by a reference to another item that should be described further lt Optional Comment gt Comment This is a literal comment that is optional lt Uses declaration gt USES lt Identifier gt lt Identifier gt This is a unit USES declaration that is optional and may contain several unit references separated by a comma and terminated by a semicolon lt Source File header gt PROGRAM UNIT lt Identifier gt This is a source file header that can be either a PROGRAM main source file or an UNIT source file
44. routine is needed simple operators or a call to a FP function Assignment of a SINGLE variable with a SINGLE expression or constant does not generate a conversion PMP does not have an internal representation for NaN Not a Number or infinity Overflow is trapped as an error and the maximum value is returned instead of infinity 4 19 2 Supported FP built in functions gt Note In all function calls arguments are always converted to the REAL type before calling the function lt Angle gt represents an angle in radians COS lt Angle gt This function returns the cosine of the angle ARCCOS lt X gt This function returns the inverse cosine of lt X gt SIN lt Angle gt This function returns the sine of the angle ARCSIN lt X gt This function returns the inverse sine of lt X gt TAN lt Angle gt This function returns the tangent of the angle Tan X Sin X Cos X ARCTAN lt X gt This function returns the inverse tangent of lt X gt EXP lt X gt This function returns the value of e raised to the power of lt X gt e where e is the base of the natural logarithms Document revision A STATEMENTS FLOATING POINT Page 81 101 o PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL LN lt X gt This function returns the natural logarithm Ln e 1 of lt X gt ROUND lt X gt This function rounds a REAL or SINGLE value to an integer type value ROUND returns a
45. 3 2 Keywords The following keywords are implemented and or reserved by the PMP language bold faced if not in standard TP Delphi Pascal ABS ABSOLUTE AND ARCCOS ARCSIN ARCTAN ARRAY ASM ASSIGN BAUD BEGIN BITS BOOLEAN BREAK BYTE CASE CHAR CLR CLRWDT CODESEG CONFIG CONST CONTINUE COS DEC DECLARED DEFINED DELAY DELAY_MS DELAY_NS DISPOSE DIV DO DOUBLE DOWNTO DWORD EEREAD EEWRITE ELSE END ERROR EXCLUDE EXIT EXP EXTERNAL FOR FORWARD FP_CLR FP_IOP ER OVRI EP UND FREEMEM FREQUENCY FUNCTION GETMEM GOTO HEX HI HIGH IDLOC IF IMPLEMENTATION IN INC INCLUDE INITIALIZATION INLINE INPUT INTEGER INTERFACE INTERRUPT LENGTH LIBRARY LN LO LONGINT LONGWORD LOW MAXINT MAXLONGINT MAXWORD MEMAVAIL MOD MOD16 MOD16S MOD32 MOD8 MOVE MUL18 NEW NIL NOP NOT ODD OF ON OPTION OR ORD OUT OUTPUT OVERLOAD PACKED PI POINTER POW PRED PROCEDURE PROGRAM PWM READ READLN REAL RECORD REPEAT RESET ROL ROR ROUND SET SFR SHL SHORTINT SHR SIN SINGLE SIZEOF SLEEP SQR SQRT STR STRING SUCC SWAP TAN THEN TO TRIS TRUNC TYPE UNIT UNTIL UPCASE USES VAL VAR VERSION VOLATILE WHILE WITH WORD WRITE WRITELN XOR 1 For future compatibility of source codes some keywords that are used in other Pascal implementations such as TP or Delphi are already reserved even if not implemented Even if no
46. 3 7 27 VECTORS Define reset and interrupt vechors 34 3 7 28 W WARN SWARNING Define a compiler warnings behavior 35 3 71 29 CoOnditionalCOMPIALON arar connotaciones 36 3 8 Configuration bits declaration as CONS T ooconnnncccccnnnconccccccononnconcconnnnnconcnnnnnncnnnnnnnnn carr n anne nn nari nan 38 KEN CET 38 3 10 Constant declaraton cnn nn nn nn nnnnnnnnnrr ren ninnnnnnns 39 3 10 1 Special constants behaviors ttrt rt EE EErn nenne eeee 40 3 10 2 Pseudo SET IN kewwor 41 3 10 3 System constants and pseudo vartables nono nnnnnnnnnnnns 42 3 11 Type declara ccoo tia E ad ld deseay 43 AMA A E 45 311 2 e 45 3 11 2 1 Dynamic recorde nn Avea nn cnn rr enn N iie Daa iE 46 3 12 Variables declaratorias Edel eegen gege e EE 48 3 121 Special DEN VIO EC 48 3 12 2 Special considerations about memory allocotion 49 312 3 SOME VAR E Tue EE 49 3124 Il ue BET 50 3 12 5 Variables internal names as seen by the assembler 50 3 12 6 Declaration at an absolute address 50 3 12 7 Declaration as VOLATILE cccceeeeeceeeeeecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeetseeeecceaaeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeenenees 50 3 12 8 Special usage of bit number or reierence eee eeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeteeeneeeeeseeeeeees 51 3 13 SFR Special Function Register declaration conan conc nnnnnn cnn 51 3 14 Procedure and function decaratton nenna nnter eneen 52 3 14 1 Function RETURN statement NEW VT GO 53 3 14 2 Side effect with string buffer and function CallS
47. AB general purpose assembler typically MPAsmWin found in the MPLAB registry entries Default include path is the path of the assembler include files Mainly this is where the assembler will find the inc files that define all processors registers and constants or generally where it will find any include file PMP searches MPAsm files relatively to the MPAsm executable path Output path is the path where the assembler will produce the relocatable object files that will be the default path for the linker inputs Assembler options may contain additional assembler options Default is options that are necessary for assembling PMP files Linker executable is the full path of the linker that will be invoked to link all the files of the project By default this is the path of the MPLAB general purpose linker typically MPLink found in the MPLAB registry entries Default include path is the path of the linker include files Mainly this is where the linker will find the Ikr files that define the processors memory maps or generally where it will find any include file PMP searches MPLink files relatively to the MPLink executable path Default library path is the path of the linker library files Mainly this is where the linker will find the lib files used in the project Output path is the path where the linker will produce the output files Linker options may contain additional linker options By default
48. AL type ConstSix single PI 4 0 force SINGLE precision but computed as REAL due to the expression that starts with PI that is REAL MyConstArray ARRAY 1 ConstFour OF INTEGER 1 1 SHL 1 4 2 4 MyFloatArray ARRAY 1 ConstFour OF REAL 1 0 1 SHL 1 4 0 2 4 TYPE tMyConstArray ARRAY 1 4 OF INTEGER CONST MyConstArray2 tMyConstArray 10 20 30 40 PMP is a single pass compiler Constants are declared prior to their use Assembler equivalence of constants Internally all constants are prefixed by the module name program or unit as lt Program or unit name gt lt Constant name gt Constants declared in a procedure or function declaration are internally prefixed with the procedure or function name too as lt Program or unit name gt lt Procedure or function name gt lt Constant name gt and they cannot be accessed outside gt Internal representation of symbols may be squeezed by a special algorithm to fit the 32 characters limitation of MPASM 3 10 1 Special constants behaviors The only operator allowed between STRING constants is String construction with implicit concatenation is not allowed TP Delphi syntax like hello M4J world Anything that is not a string is converted to a single char numeric 10 is converted to LF character Constant strings are implemented as ARRAY 0 SIZEOF STRING 1 OF BYTE First byte at index O stores the string length
49. AR VarByte byte CONST BitA 2 BitB VarByte Bit IO Bit boolean PORTC 1 VarLong longint BitMask BitA BitB IO Bit Equivalent to 2 4 1 VarLong BitMask 4 constant b 00010110 B IF 4 IN 1 IF BitA IN IF 2 IN BitMask THEN Evaluated as always True at compile time BitB 31 THEN Evaluated as always True at compile time VarLong THEN True since bit 2 is set in VarLong IF VarBy te IN VarLong THEN True since VarByte 4 and bit 4 is set in VarLong Since this special construction applies only to simple variables or expressions it is limited to 32 bits values and may be used in consta nt declarations or in any expression Standard PIC registers and bit values During MPAsm include file importation PMP automatically defines all SFR registers as VOLATILE BYTE variables and all bit definitions as constants as C IRP TMROIE so these identifiers have not to be redefined by the user code declared and so cannot be PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 10 3 System constants and pseudo variables PMP defines some system constants FALSE TRUE NIL MAXINT MAXWORD MAXLONGINT MAXLONGWORD PI Returns 0 Returns 1 Returns 0 Returns HIGH integer 32767 7FFF Returns HIGH word 65535 FFFF Returns HIGH longint 2147483647 7FFFFFFF Returns HIGH longword 4294967295 FFFFFFFF
50. ASM enhanced features produces syntax errors with decimal notation nnnn and d nnnn Fixed Bad generated code due to a wrong pseudo stack usage optimization when using slices Visible impact on A2D unit all processors Fixed Bad generated code with CASE jump table in some circumstances PIC18 processors Added Enumerated types that had only two values are now generated as booleans to save memory Added Now booleans may be declared absolute to another boolean this applies to boolean enumerated variables too Fixed Bad generated code for array read with a byte index in some circumstances PIC18 processors Fixed Side effect of new optimization Warning nnn directive was not applied locally Fixed Side effect of new optimization Defining a String constant by concatenation was rejected Fixed IDE file was not always focused after loading V1 5 1 2010 11 10 PPA Fixed FP package was corrupted for PIC16 V1 5 0 2010 11 08 PPA Modified STATUS is preserved at startup so special bits may be tested by program Added PUSH POP directives for enhanced management of local compiler options Added SCRIPT directive to override normal linker script name Added OPTIMIZE_PARAMS directive to switch ON OFF the procedure functions parameters WARNING Possible compatibility issue with pure EXTERNAL procedures and functions Fixed Bad generated code old bug in IN internal subroutines all processors Fixed IDE bad behavior with Reopen menu
51. An EEPROM record cannot have initial values Unterminated conditional compilation block OOOO lt info gt expected lt info gt is what was expected here Interrupt procedure cannot be declared in interface section Document revision A COMPILER MESSAGES ERROR MESSAGES Page 92 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL Lsenieredimimeiaco sesos declared in interface section declared in interface section Unit circular reference lt info gt File circular reference lt info gt Impossible baud rate at current processor speed Message Additional comment A OOOO i OO Processor should be defined before O Frequency should be defined before O Illegal string relation pT E OOOO E AAA THIS IS A PMP COMPILER BLOW UP PLEASE REPORT ERROR TO THE AUTHOR Cannot assign to constant This function is not allowed here reserved to IF conditional block A Not implemented for this processor A AOS This device has no EEPROM area Attempt to switch variables to EEPROM area or to use EEREAD or EEWRITE on a device that has no EEPROM Cannot redefine a reserved word AAA Program unit name mismatches file name For PMP versions gt 1 1 program and unit names must match the file name Internal boolean stack overflow expression is PMP uses a Boolean stack that is limited to one byte so this permits only 7 levels of too complex parenthesis explicit or implicit one operator uses one level
52. CE RAM SENDIF IFOPT WARNING 2 SENDIF Defined lt Conditional Identifier gt Defined lt Conditional Identifier String gt Special built in function that can be used in conditional expressions IF and ELSEIF directives and in any expression in normal code It returns TRUE if lt Conditional Identifier gt is known as a defined symbol at this point formerly equivalent to the IFDEF directive The second form accepts and wild card characters in the string to match more than one symbol Example IF DEFINED BOOT and DEFINED PIC16 SENDIF Declared lt ldentifier gt Special built in function that can be used in conditional expressions and in any expression in normal code It returns TRUE if lt Identifier gt is a Pascal identifier constant type variable function or procedure name that has been declared at this point Example SIF DECLARED PORTA or DECLARED TMROH SENDIF Remember that gt Conditional compilation directives are not accepted inside expressions as any directive gt Conditional compilation identifiers are local to units they are global if Defined in the project s options or Defined in the main program before the USES keyword gt If re Defined in units they become local to the unit after the point of code where they are re Defined they don t propagate to the main program gt If Defined in project options they cannot be r
53. DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES LOSS OF USE DATA OR PROFITS OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY WHETHER IN CONTRACT STRICT LIABILITY OR TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE Some third party source files provided in the package may have their own copyright notice and their terms must be retained too Document revision A Overview BSD License Page 7 101 _ PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 2 1 Operating system PMP is a 32 bits Windows program so it cannot run in pure MS DOS or old 16 bit Windows even for the command line version lt has been tested on Windows 2000 and Windows XP SP3 PMP compiler has no memory limitations all strings and tables are dynamic and so PMP is only limited by the OS limits 2 2 MPLAB suite PMP is intended to be used with the Microchip Technology MPLAB suite installed It cannot compile anything if it is not able to find processors include files and linker mapping files along with MPASM and MPLINK programs 2 3 Console version Console version is no more distributed since previous versions had not been updated to integrate new PMP rewriting a release is scheduled Nevertheless hereafter this document refers to it and contains some information about its i
54. E block is generated If lt Expression gt evaluates to a constant value not equal to O TRUE no code is generated for the lt Expression gt evaluation and the next block is generated and no code is generated for the ELSE block These two cases permit the use of constants for generating code that is always checked in replacement to IFDEF constructs that are not 4 5 ELSEIF statement NEW V1 6 0 ELSEIF is implemented in some Pascal Like languages such as MODULA or OBERON as ELSIF keyword It is implemented in PMP as an extended syntax If the Extended syntax project s option is not active it will produce a compilation error IF lt Expression gt THEN lt Block gt ELSEIF lt Expression gt THEN lt Block gt ELSE lt Block gt the number of ELSEIF statements is not limited The same behaviors as the IF statement apply if one of the IF or ELSEIF lt Expression gt is true its lt Block gt is executed and the ELSE lt Block gt is not executed else if none of the IF or ELSEIF lt Expression gt is true the ELSE lt Block gt is executed 4 6 WHILE statement WHILE lt Expression gt DO lt block gt The WHILE statement is optimized for boolean use but in non strict mode PMP also accepts a non boolean expression any value that is not zero is evaluated as TRUE 1 Optimizations If lt Expression gt evaluates to a constant value equal to 0 FALSE no code is generated for the lt Ex
55. F ELSEIF IFDEF or IFNDEF conditional directives had been evaluated to False the next code compiles until a ENDIF or IFEND conditional directive ENDIF Terminates a IFDEF IFNDEF or IF conditional directive block synonym to IFEND IF lt Conditional Expression gt If the given expression evaluates to TRUE anything not zero is true the next code compiles until a ELSE ENDIF or IFEND conditional directive lt Conditional Expression gt may contain calls to additional built in functions Defined lt Conditional Identifier gt and Declared lt Identifier gt see below Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES DIRECTIVES Page 36 101 7 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL ELSEIF lt Conditional Expression gt If all the previous IF ELSEIF IFDEF or IFNDEF conditional directives had been evaluated to FALSE and if the given expression evaluates to TRUE anything not zero is true the next code compiles until a ELSE ENDIF or IFEND conditional directive lt Conditional Expression gt may contain calls to additional built in functions Defined lt Conditional Identifier gt and Declared lt Identifier gt see below IFEND Terminates a IF IFDEF or IFNDEF conditional directive block synonym to SIE IFOPT lt Directive Item gt If the given directive item is in the given state the next code compiles until a ELSE or ENDIF conditional directive Example SIFOPT SPA
56. FOR loop statement v ALOOP END statement v A RETURN statement in functions v An ELSEIF statement for the IF statement SN Example SEXTENDED OFF Standard Pascal 3 7 7 FREQUENCY Processor frequency lt frequency gt Defines processor operating frequency this directive overrides the default frequency defined in the Project Options form For the command line version of PMP it may be defined on command line arguments or defaults to 4 MHz This directive is not allowed in units since they use main program declaration A frequency multiplier can be used 4000 KHz 8 MHZ but dots are not allowed 4 5 MHz is forbidden use 4500 KHz instead Case is not sensitive since mHz should not be 1 1000 of Hertz A CONST pseudo variable named FREQUENCY is generated that holds the value and may be used in expressions Example IFDEF LON POWER SFREQUENCY 31000 SELSE SFREQUENCY 20 MHz SENDIF Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES DIRECTIVES Page 28 101 o 3 7 8 IDLOC Define user ID bytes BYTE lt IdLocString gt lt IdLocltem gt lt IdLocltem gt New syntax for setting IDLOC bits This directive is not allowed in units This directive may be used several times but cannot be used after code generation has started The optional BYTE tag forces the compiler to generate a byte for each item for processors where ID locations may be byte wide lt IdL
57. IC specific Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES INTERRUPT SPECIAL PROCEDURES Page 57 101 3 16 Main program block The main program block is the last defined block of a program and has the following standard syntax BEGIN lt Statement gt END These statements are executed in serial fashion immediately upon processor reset after main start up code and unit initializations see below The execution section is terminated with an END keyword followed by a dot gt At the end of the execution section the compiler automatically inserts a jump to the beginning of the main program block so a WHILE TRUE DO BLOCK construction is not necessary a program is an implicit forever loop 3 17 Unit initialization block The unit initialization block is an optional section and must be the last defined block of a unit It has the following standard syntax INITIALIZATION lt Statement gt END These statements are executed once in serial fashion immediately upon processor reset before execution of the main program block The order of execution is the order of the units compilation The execution section is terminated by the normal unit END keyword followed by a dot PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 4 1 Assignments and expressions PMP parses expressions containing constants variables and function calls and obeys the normal rules of precedence PMP has no type checkin
58. INED cocos to tosarao EENE EE NEET 36 37 70 Divide Defines 8 13 28 34 36 41 51 DO Dynamic memory allocation Dynamic memory allocation DISPOSE uti atari FREEMEM occasion Delphi 6 23 24 25 26 27 36 40 52 96 GETMEM RI 6 27 36 37 70 NEW RI Dynamic records ALL user 30 EEPROM ANALOGG 30 EEPROM COMPARATORS ELSEIF Enumeration Expressions External MULTIPLE coormisni nan tddi 30 NORMAL PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL FP_FLAGS 16 FP_CLR 76 FP_IOP 82 EPLOVR ociosas pi it 82 EP UND iii acid 82 Function 25 26 31 33 36 37 40 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 59 61 70 71 80 95 Functions GETMEM 31 38 50 57 60 61 ee 25 26 34 Interrupt Iterator GLCD_DATA_PORTx GLCD_FONT_HEIGHT GLCD_FONT_MAX_CHAR GLCD_FONT_MIN_CHAR GLCD_FONT_SPACING 88 GLCD_FONT WIDTH 88 EE 89 GLCD_OFF 88 GLCD_ON 88 GLCD_ReadByte 89 GLCD_SET_COLUMN 88 GLCD_SET_PAGE 88 GLCHD SET een 88 EEN 89 GICcdDATA o GlcdEMPTY e A EE WE ll KEE GIcdINST GIcdOFF PlotData PlotPixel TGLCD_FillMode are TGLCD IottMode AAA TGLCD Te EE TOGLCD ReotsterMode AAA EE 89 TGLCD_String 89 Es O 85
59. MP labels translate to an internal representation as for any identifier prefixed with module name and procedure or function name gt Inits current implementation PMP does not check for branch to statements that are in FOR WHILE REPEAT loops so this would make unpredictable results especially in a FOR loop since the loop variable is not initialized IF A THEN GOTO Label A FOR I 1 TO 10 DO BEGIN Do Something Label_A Do Something else END Well everybody would say that this is not a good practice indeed but PMP will not flag it 4 18 Code optimization considerations PMP tries to strongly optimize the generated code Since V1 3 PMP does expression and sub expressions optimizations before generating code so it produces good code regardless of the complexity or inefficiency of expressions Well in the current real world there are some compromises that may affect the final result so a minimum help from the programmer is needed General rules To avoid overflows put the wider elements to the leftmost position of an expression Parenthesis complex expressions may use stacks temporary variables so if space is an issue cut complex expressions in several ones Do not use signed variables if not absolutely necessary Signed variables handling costs more memory and MCU cycles Do not use floating point variables if not absolutely necessary Floating point handling costs a lot more memory and MCU c
60. NEW or GETMEM standard built in procedures This procedure is implemented for PIC18 and PIC16 enhanced mid range only See also PMP dynamic memory allocation 4 20 EEWRITE lt Address Expression gt lt Expression gt EEWRITE lt Address Expression gt lt Expression gt BYTE CHAR SHORTINT WORD INTEGER LONGWORD LONGINT EEWRITE lt Address Expression gt lt Expression gt lt Size Expression gt Write a byte value to EEPROM memory to a direct address it uses standard EEPROM processor registers If lt Address Expression gt or lt Expression gt evaluates to a width greater than byte a truncation occurs and a warning is produced If lt Address Expression gt is a constant a bounds check is made regarding processor s implementation The second form specifies the write length number of bytes in that case lt Expression gt is truncated or expanded to match the specified size The third form may be used to specify the size with a constant expression returning the value 1 2 or 4 in that case lt Expression gt is truncated or expanded to match the specified size EXCLUDE lt Integer Variable gt lt Bit gt Where lt Integer Variable gt is any integer variable BYTE to DWORD size lt Bit gt is a bit number constant 0 n applicable to lt Integer Variable gt Purpose Reset bit lt Bit gt from lt Integer Variable gt This is equivalent to Delphi s exclude statement that applies to SETs PMP applies to any integer var
61. O PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 6 1 Error messages During compilation PMP may produce error messages these messages indicate where the error occurs PMP tries to continue the compilation after errors and may flag other errors in some circumstances errors are induced by the previous ones List of error messages Message User error lt info gt Illegal command line lt info gt File create or write error lt info gt Undefined identifier lt info gt Duplicated identifier lt info gt Type mismatch lt info gt Not implemented lt info gt Unable to allocate unbanked ram area for variable lt info gt Unable to allocate ram area for variable lt info gt Unable to allocate EEPROM area for variable lt info gt Out of processor ram space lt info gt Unresolved forward label lt info gt Unresolved forward reference lt info gt Divide by zero Illegal string operation Index out of bounds Bit number out of bounds Constant out of bounds Syntax error in include file lt info gt File not found lt info gt Bad __BADRAM in include file lt info gt Bad delay value us Exit not allowed here Break not allowed here Continue not allowed here Interrupt procedure cannot be called Range mismatch Declaration differs from previous one lt info gt Interrupt procedure cannot have parameters Illegal function return type Illegal type declaration SFR declaration may be used only for one variable I
62. OW real returns approximately 1 17E 38 not standard Pascal MUL18 lt Variable1 gt lt Variable2 gt Optimized multiply of two 8 bits unsigned variables giving a 16 bits result This function has been designed to take advantage of the PIC18 8 bits multiply single instruction On other processors this instruction is enabled but generates standard multiplication code ORD lt Identifier_or_numeric gt Returns the numerical value of lt Identifier_or_numeric gt This function is actually implemented for compatibility simply returns lt Identifier_or_numeric gt value without modification the result type is the smallest standard integer type that can hold all values of lt Identifier_or_numeric gt s type PRED lt Identifier_or_numeric gt Returns the previous numerical value of lt Identifier_or_numeric gt If lt Identifier_or_numeric gt refers to a boolean variable the result is always FALSE Range checking is made only if lt Identifier_or_numeric gt refers to a constant value identifier SIZEOF lt Identifier gt Returns the total number of bytes used by a constant string or variable in memory RAM EEPROM or CODE for literal strings For simple boolean types the function returns 1 and a warning is generated since a bit occupies only one bit For literal strings SIZEOF returns the total number of characters plus one even if the string is not generated in code segment as RETLW sequence due to optimization Document rev
63. Optimizations Procedure cios tada 25 26 40 50 52 Procedures iccicocracan ciaci n 6 26 49 52 55 56 57 73 74 Processor 6 8 12 25 26 28 31 34 49 51 54 57 58 70 75 95 IS leie Project Promotion Pseudo constants Records Registers cn A 90 SerialPort_InputReady SerialPort_Output SerialPort_OutputString SerialStriNg isisa USE_SERIALPORT_INPUT STRING EE 40 43 48 52 71 73 Strings 6 8 24 39 40 48 52 71 SUCC VERSION Ke RE 41 50 ol 39 48 54 60 71 72 WA ege 23 79 85 90 WRITTEN 20d acia 23 79 85 90 Li EE 60 SASMPAT count acc 18 CONFIG EIS ll EE 36 EDNAME 17 This page is left blank for user annotations
64. PLAB suite is a great product and free so presently don t want to spend time to make a product that will be less efficient for sure 2 OO programming objects classes think that OO programming complexity and the implied memory management is not a good idea for small micro controllers Let s stay basic way of speaking naturally 7 4 Limited support PMP has its own Internet site www pmpcomp fr suggestions and bug reports may be posted on the forum or sent by email to Philippe Paternotte philippe paternotte pmpcomp fr 7 5 About the author My name is Philippe Paternotte was born in 1958 and am french living near Paris feel free to report language errors I m a Senior Software Engineer specialized in Factory Computing and more generally speaking in Factory Automation I m a Pascal and Assembler programmer since the ol 80 s author of many gt 100K lines applications and some gt 200K ones I m using PICs since 2000 love fishing Metallica and good wines Document revision A PMP DEVELOPMENT ISSUES ABOUT THE AUTHOR Page 95 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 7 6 Development tools and contributions At the beginning PMP was written in Delphi 6 0 then the code has been translated to Delphi 2006 It strongly uses classes and some JEDI Visual Components Library http jvcl sourceforge net or htto homepages borland com jedi jvel
65. PLex a Turbo Pascal implementation of LEX TPLex was made possible by Albert Graef and Berend de Boer Information on this program and a companion port of Yacc may be found on the TPLY homepage http www musikwissenschaft uni mainz de ag tply There is also a Delphi port The PMP floating point engine is derived from the PicFloat libraries from Mike Gore PMP has an IDE build around the SynEdit package http synedit sourceforge net PMP is still under construction Source code is not available yet PMP main core not including std libraries IDE and low level code generators is about 100K lines of code gt Note that there s an index at the end of this document Document revision A Overview Overview Page 6 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 1 1 Legal stuff The PMP executables contained in the archive are FREE and cannot be sold or modified Other PMP associated files configuration files and source files contained in the archive are FREE and cannot be sold but may be modified for user needs without notification PMP is provided as is without any warranty of any kind express or implied in particular do not guarantee that the software is free of bugs or fits some particular purpose and take no responsibility for damages or any other consequences of its use PIC MPLAB MPAsm and MPLink are registered trademarks of Microchip Technology Inc C
66. PMP has a tools menu that may be fully configured as in TP or Delphi PMP Beacon File Edit Search Project BEAJ Help EI Editor options For this file type F11 Modify da In this short form items may be moved up and down with the two small blue buttons The Add and Modify buttons extend the form Configure tools Title Alpen file with Notepad Program CAWINDOWS NOTEPAD EXE el Default path Parameters e Cancel SEDNAME EEN Show macros Y OK The Title field may contain a standard amp character to give the keyboard shortcut The Parameters field may contain macros as in TP and Delphi The Show macros button extends the form at bottom Save current file Y OK Current editor file name Save all files Path part of a file name P The OK button validates the modifications and returns to the short form Available macros Some macros are equivalent to TP Delphi EDNAME SAVE returns the current edited file name fully qualified full path with double quotes requests a save of the current file before further processing SAVEALL requests a save of all files before further processing PATH NAME EXT returns only the directory part of the file name between the parenthesis Warning it is not quoted returns only the name part of the file name between the parenthesis Warning it is not
67. RARIES The LCD unit Page 87 101 _ PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 5 4 The KS107_108 former GLCD unit The KS107_108 unit interfaces a KS107 KS108 type of graphics LCD 128x64 Demo project Examples GLCD LCDGR PMP 5 4 1 Supported features e Pixel plot get state Line rectangle and circle with outline or fill mode e 5x7 and 8x8 fonts 5 4 2 Conditional compilation Parameter feature DEFINE Identifiers Default Port to be used for GLCD control where x A E GLCD_CTRL_PORTx PORTB Port to be used for GLCD data where x A E GLCD_DATA_PORTx PORTD 5 4 3 Pin assignments Control port defaults e 0 E Enable RST Reset OO E Go CS2 Second display select CS1 First display select RS Register select WR Read Write select Note bits 6 and 7 are unused and left as inputs 5 4 4 Constants Name Comments GLCD_FONT_WIDTH Wrapper to the selected font width currently 5 or 8 GLCD_FONT_HEIGHT Wrapper to the selected font height currently 7 or 8 GLCD_FONT_SPACING Wrapper to the selected font spacing currently 1 GLCD_FONT_MIN_CHAR Wrapper to the selected font first implemented character code GLCD_FONT_MAX_CHAR Wrapper to the selected font last implemented character code GLCD_CS1 Chip 1 identifier for low level functions GLCD_CS2 Chip 2 identifier for low level funct
68. ROCEDURE InterruptProc INTERRUPT And for PIC18 processors that have 2 levels of interrupts note that LOW is assumed if omitted PROCEDURE InterruptProc INTERRUPT LOW PROCEDURE InterruptProc INTERRUPT HIGH This procedure is to be executed in the case of a processor interrupt Interrupt procedures may be multiple and in several units or in the main program see also the INTERRUPTS directive The compiler inserts the necessary context save restore code for common registers and system variables According to the INTERRUPTS directive the code scheme is different lf SINTERRUPTS MULTIPLE default There may be several interrupt procedures per priority if PIC18 Each interrupt procedure is called in turn The order is the order of unit compilations It is the responsibility to the programmer to check interrupt conditions and pertinence at the beginning of each procedure Interrupt code generated by the compiler lt Context save gt lt Call to the 1 interrupt procedure gt lt Call to the n interrupt procedure gt lt Context restore gt lt RETFIE gt lf SINTERRUPTS UNIQUE This option saves one hardware stack level and may be useful for simple treatments There may be only one interrupt procedure per priority if PIC18 It is the responsibility to the programmer to check interrupt conditions and pertinence at the beginning of the procedure Interrupt code generated by the compiler lt Co
69. ST EQU 128 some constant MYMACRO MACRO X Y ENDM END The ASM block has been upgraded to resolve PMP symbols and translate them in fully qualified internal names Due to the possibility of conflicts the syntax has been modified to accept a parameter ASM LOW is a low level assembler block old behavior no analysis translation of symbols e ASM HIGH without parameter this is the default is a high level assembler block where symbols are automatically translated along with some reformatting features ASM MOVFF I J move variable CALL OtherUnitProc END will be translated to ASM MOVFF MyProg MyFunc I MyProg MyFunc J move variable CALL OtherUnit OtherUnitProc END Special warning for interrupt procedures ASM blocks should be used with care within an interrupt procedure or in a procedure or function called by an interrupt procedure since PMP has no means to analyze the block to know what are the used registers and thus to know which one to save and restore PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 4 14 Implied PIC statements Despite that PMP tries to not have special registers built in manipulation functions some special PIC features must be available for the programmer PMP supports the following implied statements CLRWDT Clear the PIC s watchdog timer RESET Depending on the processor generates a software RESET instruction or a jump to address
70. This function returns lt X1 gt raised to lt X2 gt X1 Implemented as Y e 1 2 If both lt X1 gt and lt X2 gt are zero or if lt X2 gt is less or equal to zero a run time FP invalid operation error flag is set FP_IOP which can be tested by the programmer 4 19 3 FP flags FP operations may set or test several bits that can be accessed by the programmer as pseudo booleans FP_OVR Floating point overflow may be set on any FP operation also if divide by zero Read only FP_UND Floating point underflow may be set on any FP operation Read only FP_IOP Invalid floating point operation may be set on any FP operation if argument does not match the function e g SQRT 1 Read only gt When FP_OVR is set the offending function returns the REAL maximum value 6 8E38 according to the sign gt When FP_UND is set the offending function returns the REAL minimum value 1 1755E 38 according to the sign Document revision A STATEMENTS FLOATING POINT Page 82 1 01 l PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 4 20 Dynamic Memory Allocation gt This feature is implemented for PIC18 and PIC16 enhanced mid range only 4 20 1 Overview PMP implements standard NEW DISPOSE GETMEM FREEMEM built in procedures If one of these procedures are used PMP generates dynamic memory allocation structures and procedures The heap is build from all the available memory blocks that e Is not shared or
71. USE_STRTOINT 34 DEFINE USE_LONGVAL 35 DEFINE USE_INTTOSTR 36 SDEFINE USE_STR 37 DEFINE USE_STR8 38 DEFINE USE VALS 39 DEFINE USE VAL16 40 41 uses 42 Serial StrUtil 43 44 const 45 Config _INTOSCIO and _WDT_OFF and _PWRTE_OFF and MCLRE_OFF and _CP_OFF and _BOR_OFF and TI 46 47 Glitch 3 FREQUENCY 100000 Max 255 pseudo timing to Detect 48 MaxBitTime 1 FREQUENCY 100000 f Max 255 pseudo timing to wait fo 49 msERRLED_Time 10 milliseconds Error LED on time 50 US Time 1000 microseconds US burst duration 51 52 IR receiver data use of MC144105 compatible emitter this is not RC5 53 MC_FREQ 485000 f Hz basic frequency 54 MC_HALFBIT 256000000 MC_FREQ ps half bit duration 55 MC_QUARTERBIT MC_HALFBIT 2 ps quarter bit duration 56 MC_PREPULSE 1536000000 MC_FREQ ps pre pulse duration Success 4 at line 417 Inaccurate baud rate Effective Baud Here is a typical screen shot of PMP IDE assembler file PMP Beacon File Edit Search Project Tools Help olema gt Jeje x aA aj Djejsjsjeal a Beacon pas Beacon asm 2 000 milliseconds delay is 2000 cycles movlw hor ACC a0 Initialize counter 1 3 ACC A1 Initialize counter 2 decfsz _ ACC A 0 F Decrement and loop counter 1 goto _Li decfsz _ ACC Al F Decrement and loop counter 2 goto Li goto 1 Two cycles delay if
72. X mode If the given baud rate cannot be implemented within 1 accuracy a compiler error will occur The real baud rate and percent of error is output as comment in the asm file DELAY microseconds DELAY_MS milliseconds DELAY_NS nanoseconds DELAY _CY cycles Wait the given number of microseconds milliseconds nanoseconds or cycles delays are implemented as NOP instructions and or loops according to the required number of cycles The code is generated according to the declared processor FREQUENCY Impossible or inaccurate delays will generate warnings Due to internal mechanisms of PMP resolution minimum and maximum delay may be limited according processor frequency Delays do not use interrupts and so may be non accurate if there is lot of interrupts For DELAY_MS and DELAY_CY the argument may be a WORD sized variable or computed expression else argument must be a constant expression For DELAY_CY minimum value is 32 Note that NOP Count may be used for small timings DISPOSE lt Identifier gt Where lt Identifier gt is a typed pointer variable Purpose Free the dynamic variable pointed to by the given variable lt Identifier gt is any typed pointer variable The size of the freed memory block depends of the size of the type pointed by lt Identifier gt There is no heavy check for pointer coherency there is only a check that this is a valid RAM address The allocated memory should have been allocated by a call to the
73. a simple CR according to the EOL directive REAL numbers are treated but as for the STR procedure formatting is limited in the current version the number of decimals cannot be specified and output is always 16 characters wide or less if specified in scientific format like 1 234567890E 23 If size is specified the string is truncated from the left specifying 12 characters would output 1 234567890 Examples var B byte C char write This is one 1 3 This will output This is one Ji B f 3 write This is three B This will output This is three 3 Coase ToT write Somebody there C 2 This will output Somebody there 27 writeln Output a single CR LF Document revision A STATEMENTS BUILT IN PROCEDURES Page 79 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 4 17 Branching statements Finally PMP supports the following program branch statements lt Label gt GOTO lt Label gt Where lt Label gt must begin with a letter followed by zero or any number of letters or digits or underscore characters Forward references are allowed in a PMP program but all references must be resolved locally by procedure function or program s end or else an error will be issued A GOTO cannot jump outside of the current procedure function or program PMP labels have not to be declared before use not a standard Pascal Label declaration P
74. able gt DO lt Block gt iterator construction now standard in DELPHI FPC Fixed Unexpected undefined forward reference error on a non forward LABEL due to an early modification side effect Changed For PIC 18 the default procedure interrupt level is now HIGH Added For PIC18 a new attribute for interrupt procedures FAST may be used to optimize interrupts when there s only one interrupt level FAST mode is the default when there s only one interrupt procedure Fixed With INTERRUPTS UNIQUE the interrupt vector did not be generated if the interrupt procedure was in a unit Fixed Bad generated code for STR routine for bytes bad conversion of some numbers PIC18 processors Added UPCASE built in function Fixed Bad generated code for MOVE procedure if the source parameter is a ROM identifier all processors Fixed Bad generated code for a by value parameter if the passed value is in ROM initialized ROM arrays all processors Fixed Bad dependency check between units when a unit is added to a uses list avoiding rebuild in some circumstances and generating linker errors Fixed Unexpected undefined symbol with local variables with a procedure composite composite name larger than 32 characters failure of the MPASM limit workaround Added Support of ROM array parameter passing CONST ROMABLE see the new manual Fixed Various formatting problems in ASM blocks Fixed Bad side effect on STR built in procedure that generated unexpected
75. access ram e Is not RESERVED Is not BAD as declared by MPLAB files Has not been used in the program Has a minimum size of 6 bytes gt Heap management is not re entrant so it should not be called within an interrupt routine 4 20 2 How it works When a NEW or GETMEM statement is invoked the allocation routine searches a block in this order of priorities v Ablock that matches exactly the required size v Ablock that is greater in this case it will be split as required see below v After heap defragmentation the two first steps are tried again if they don t match again the ERROR procedure is called and the processor is stopped in an infinite loop When DISPOSE or FREEMEM is invoked the given block is simply linked into the heap it becomes the first free block To minimize the heap fragmentation the memory blocks are allocated by chunks with a granularity of 4 bytes The actual block size is the required size plus the memory needed for maintaining a block size at the beginning of the block one byte for PIC16 two bytes for PIC18 If a block is greater than the required size rounded to the next 4 bytes boundary it is split and the remaining bytes return to the heap gt Heap is initialized once at main program start up Heap block memory format e Block size gt one or two bytes e Next block address two bytes e n bytes of free memory lt Block size gt is maintained in memory the pointer returne
76. ame prefix variables declared within a procedure or function declaration are internally named lt Module Name gt lt Procedure or function name gt lt Variable name gt and cannot be accessed outside Examples MyUnit MyVar is a variable declared in a global section of the MyUnit unit MyUnit MyProc MyVar is a variable declared in the MyProc procedure of the MyUnit unit gt Internal representation of symbols may be squeezed by a special algorithm to fit the 32 characters limitation of MPASM 3 12 6 Declaration at an absolute address Another construction may be used to force declaration at a specific address or to assign an alias to another variable or variable bit The variable type may be followed by ABSOLUTE lt Address gt lt Variable gt lt OffsetExpression gt The keyword is a PMP synonym of the ABSOLUTE keyword for variables declaration is not standard Pascal It is possible to add an offset expression after the aliased variable Examples CONST Offset 2 Offset into TheVar VAR IToBitl BOOLEAN PORTA O bit of I O on port A bit 0 CarryBit BOOLEAN H STATUS C alias to status carry TheVar2Lo BYTE TheVar Offset 0 alias into TheVar TheVar2Hi BYTE Q TheVar Offset 1 alias into TheVar 3 12 7 Declaration as VOLATILE A variable may be declared as VOLATILE this means that the optimizer will never optimize this variable due to the knowledge of it s
77. an anything not zero is true lt Conditional Identifier gt is not a Pascal identifier and cannot be referenced in real program code Likewise Pascal identifiers cannot be referenced as lt Conditional Identifier gt A lt Conditional Identifier gt works like boolean variables it is true defined or false not defined Any valid conditional identifier is assumed to be false until it is defined The DEFINE affects the true value to the specified lt Conditional Identifier gt and the UNDEF affects it the false value lt Directive Item gt is any switch option directive CODEGEN OPTIMIZE SPACE POINTERS WARNING as defined in the previous chapter DEFINE lt Conditional Identifier gt Defines a conditional identifier UNDEF lt Conditional Identifier gt Un defines a conditional identifier IFDEF lt Conditional Identifier gt IFDEF lt Conditional Identifier String gt If the given conditional identifier is defined the next code compiles until a ELSE ENDIF or IFEND conditional directive The second form accepts and wildcards in the string to match more than one symbol IFNDEF lt Conditional Identifier gt IFNDEF lt Conditional Identifier String gt If the given conditional identifier is not defined the next code compiles until a ELSE ENDIF or IFEND conditional directive The second form accepts and wildcards in the string to match more than one symbol ELSE If all the previous I
78. ated as volatile Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES SFR Speciat Function Recister pectaration Page 51 101 3 14 Procedure and function declaration Procedures and functions are implemented very closely to the standard Pascal language Procedure lt Identifier gt lt Argument list gt forward external lt Filename gt lt CONST declaration gt lt TYPE declaration gt lt VAR declaration gt BEGIN lt Statement gt END Function lt Identifier gt lt Argument list gt MAR TYPE gt lt CONST declaration gt lt TYPE declaration gt lt VAR declaration gt BEGIN lt Statement gt END Constants types and variables declared in a procedure or function declaration are local and cannot be accessed outside Function result type is limited to BYTE CHAR SHORTINT INTEGER LONGINT LONGWORD BOOLEAN and STRING simple types For PIC16 results can be also of type SINGLE or REAL it may be referenced as a pseudo variable that is defined with the name of the function standard Pascal syntax or as the RESULT pseudo variable Delphi syntax and is internally declared as lt function name gt RESULT RESULT may not be used elsewhere as a symbol name in PMP even outside of a function reserved word Since PMP is not intended for recursion even if it is accepted in procedures use it with care if the function result name is found in an expression the current function va
79. bytes with 32 bits mantissa see FP chapter BOOLEAN boolean uses only one bit in memory ARRAY OF BYTE CHAR SHORTINT WORD INTEGER LONGINT LONGWORD SINGLE REAL one dimension array of simple type ARRAY OF BOOLEAN one dimension array of bits not very efficient if indexed by a variable STRING variable length array of a maximum of 32 characters bytes by default see STRINGS directive STRING n variable length array of a maximum of n characters bytes with n in 0 255 RECORD set of simple type fields see below POINTER untyped pointer Declared TYPE SFR unsigned byte located at a processor special function register SFRs are always treated as VOLATILE 3 12 1 Special behaviors RECORD variables must use a declared type in a TYPE section before to be used Direct variable declaration as RECORD is not allowed RECORD types cannot contain a case statement polymorphic records and cannot contain nested records only one level of variables CHAR is implemented but since PMP has low type checking this is strictly equivalent to a BYTE type Single character literals are always treated as BYTE Except for WRITE WRITELN statements Pointers are implemented but features are limited to a subset of the standard Pascal features in the current version of PMP future development in the to do list Arrays or strings cannot cross a RAM bank boundary so PMP may flag a memory overflow if one cannot fi
80. cedure Send a simple command to both chips The Cmd parameter is one of the low level command values added with an optional data value GLCD_SET_TOP Specify the first RAM line at the top 0 63 GLCD_SET_COLUMN Set the column address 0 63 GLCD_SET_PAGE Set the page address 0 7 GLCD_ON Turn the display on no other data GLCD_OFF Turn the display off no other data procedure GLCD_WriteByte Mode tGLCD_RegisterMode Chips Data byte Low level procedure write a raw byte to the designed register on the designed chip s The Chips parameter may be a combination of GLCD_CS1 and GLCD_CS2 function GLCD_ReadByte Mode tGLCD_RegisterMode Chip byte byte Low level procedure read a raw byte from the designed register on the designed chip The Chips parameter may be GLCD_CS1 or GLCD_CS2 High level functions procedure FillScreen State tGLCD_FillMode Fill the screen black or white procedure PlotPixel X Y byte State tGLCD_PlotMode Plot a pixel black or white function GetPixel X Y byte boolean Get a pixel state black or white procedure PlotData X Y Data byte State tGLCD_PlotMode Plot a whole data byte black or white procedure Line X1 Y1 X2 Y2 byte State tGLCD_PlotMode Draw a line black or white procedure Rectangle X1 Y1 X2 Y2 byte FILL tGLCD_FillMode State tGLCD_PlotMode Draw a rectangle filled or outlined black or whit
81. cial VAR form PMP may optimize the code or emit a warning if used in an expression since it knows that the variable is not initialized at entry future implementation Parameters can be of type SFR An SFR is always passed by address even if declared as CONST An SFR parameter is always treated as volatile and not optimized Parameters can be of type open array see details below this type of parameter is always passed by address along with a stealth upper bound parameter NEW V1 6 0 A CONST parameter may be qualified as ROMABLE not standard Pascal In this case PMP generates a special code that may deal either with RAM or ROM pointers This code will be a bit less efficient but may be useful in some cases a good example is to pass ROM strings or arrays Examples BEGIN END VAR I BEGIN END VAR A S BYTE BYTE B Dp BYTE PROCEDURE Test X BYT Ir ry E r Ce VAR Y PROCEDURE Init CONST ROMABLE T ARRAY OF BYTE VAR Dest STRING FOR I low T TO high T DO SomeProc T I Dest BOOLI BYTE VAR Z BOOLEAN S SFR EAN SFR Test A 1 B C S The callto Test A 1 Compute A 1 Move result to Test X Move B address to Test Y Move C value to Test Z Move S content to Test S Call Test Move Test Z value to C B C s will generate the following sequence 3 14
82. ct the quotient and the remainder of an integer fraction one DIV and one MOD In PMP the remainder of the last divide operation may be available through a pseudo variable if not optimized out It is up to you to store it somewhere before the next divide operation MOD8 BYTE MOD16 WORD This variable returns the last BYTE divide modulo MOD8 also returns the LSB of the last WORD INTEGER or LONGINT LONGWORD divide This variable returns the last WORD unsigned 16 bits divide modulo MOD16 also returns the LSW of the last LONGINT LONGWORD divide MOD16S INTEGER This variable returns the last INTEGER signed 16 bits divide modulo MOD16S also returns the LSW of the last LONGINT LONGWORD divide MOD32 LONGWORD This variable returns the last LONGWORD unsigned 32 bits divide modulo MOD32S LONGINT This variable returns the last LONGINT signed 32 bits divide modulo gt Note that MOD8 MOD16 MOD16S MOD32 and MOD32S share the same memory locations gt Note that system constants and pseudo constants cannot be redefined locally these keywords are reserved words Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES CONSTANT DECLARATION Page 42 101 3 11 Type declaration Types are limited in PMP for the current implementation the allowed type declarations are Fixed length string One dimension array of simple types Simple record definition Dynamic record definition Pointer def
83. ctions and procedures to interface hardware registers these registers are accessed directly So the Pascal source code is not portable to other manufacturer processors but the target is PIC and will stay PIC Try to make the finest possible code optimizations well this is and endless work In the present implementation PMP supports multiple files compilation by include directives and by a per unit concept as in TP or Delphi PMP supports simple records bit booleans signed and unsigned types long integers one dimension arrays strings and floating point variables or operations floating point is only supported for PIC16 PIC 16 enhanced and PIC18 since the FP code consumes too much The philosophy of PMP is to globally limit the number of special keywords or built in functions and procedures for manipulating special PIC hardware Ports and other special SFRs are accessed directly as PORTC or TRISC for example PMP does not include an assembler or linker it is designed to work with MPAsm MPLink from MPLAB suite and uses their inc and Ikr files for standard registers definitions and processor memory mapping PMP was initially inspired by the MPTINY implementation by Thomas J LeMense and Let s Build A Compiler series written by Jack Crenshaw in 1988 through 1992 A web search for Crenshaw and compiler should help you find where this excellent reference may be found The PMP scanner was made with the help of T
84. d by NEW or GETMEM is the address next to lt Block size gt When the memory block is freed by DISPOSE or FREEMEM the given pointer is decremented to skip back to lt Block Size gt and a consistency check is made between the size argument and the current block size an error is generated if they don t match 4 20 3 Error treatment gt Memory management may generate unrecoverable errors If such an error occurs the ERROR procedure is called if any has been assigned then the processor freezes doing an infinite loop The interrupts are not disabled and WDT can restart the processor Error codes 31 Heap overflow A block with the required size cannot be allocated 32 Invalid heap block An attempt to DISPOSE or FREEMEM a block that does not point to a valid RAM address or the lt Block size gt field of the block does not match Document revision A Statements Dynamic Memory ALLOCATION Page 83 101 _ 5 1 Overview PMP libraries are simple free open source software subjected to the general policy of the PMP license Note A library that is sent to be included in the PMP package becomes a de facto free open source software free of rights of any nature The name of the author and his comments are retained unless they go against the rules of PMP or its licensing policy The content of the library is subject to change to match PMP s coding rules and future features Even if quite limited for now som
85. d by a comma If an address is already used by PMP or does not exist an error occurs Warning in the current implementation this directive is local to the current unit and it is global if defined in the main program before the uses section Examples S RESERVED RAM 100 110 TO 11F comment reserved for XYZ module SRESERVED EEPROM 10 11 SFO TO FF CONST MOD2 RAM START 200 MOD2 RAM LENGTH 10 RESERVED RAM MOD2 RAM START TO MOD2 RAM START MOD2 RAM LENGTH 1 3 7 21 SCRIPT Define the linker script to use lt String expression gt Define override the linker script file to use lt String expression gt is the file name to use without character wild cards It may contain a full path If there is no extension Ikr is assumed This directive had been added to make it possible to use special case scripts user modified linker scripts for using a boot loader for example This directive must be used BEFORE any other processor characteristics related directive except PROCESSOR This directive overrides the script that may be defined in the project s options Example SIFDEF BOOT_LOADER SCRIPT GIL 8_BOOT_g LKR SENDIF 3 7 22 S SPACE Switch memory allocation to RAM or EEPROM RAM Defines that variables are generated in RAM area default This directive is effective until another SPACE directive EEPROM Defines that variables are generated in EEPROM area Thi
86. der the following code Function Funcl string Begin assume that Varl contains 13 Funel zs fog Varl bar End StringVar hello Funcl world StringVar will contain foo 13 bar world because hello was pushed in the string buffer and the string buffer has been destroyed in the Func1 function Note that an expression such as hello 13 10 world 13 10 does not use the string buffer since it is eval uated at compile time String buffer is used only if the expression contains non constant sub expressions 3 14 3 Parameter passing convention By default parameters are passed by value even arrays or records An argument may be optionally CONST VAR or OUT As boolean are implemented as single bits there s no pointers to booleans so VAR BOOLEAN arguments are implemented by the compiler as a copy before and after the procedure or function call Warning If the boolean is an I O or any SFR bit it will be updated at procedure function return only CONST lt Simple type gt is always passed by value in current implementation Other CONST VAR or OUT arguments are passed by address in the procedure or function arguments pseudo variables Addresses are generated as BYTE or WORD depending to the processor memory configuration and POINTERS directive Argument types must match exactly if they are CONST VAR or OUT or must be compatible otherwise OUT arguments are a spe
87. dures qualified with the INTERRUPT modifier see 3 15 which is used to define sets of statements that is intended to serve as an interrupt service routine PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 5 Unit structure A typical PMP unit contains the following elements Unit lt Unit_name gt Interface lt USES declaration gt lt Constant declaration gt lt Type declaration gt lt Variable declaration gt lt Procedures and functions declaration gt SOR OO OOO A Implementation lt Constant declaration gt lt Type declaration gt lt Variable declaration gt Procedures and functions declaration Initialization lt Statement gt End lt Unit name gt must match the file name and cannot be expressed as a string so long file names are allowed but they must contain only valid identifier characters Symbols procedures and functions that are declared in the interface section will be visible outside the unit declared as global for the linker Procedure and function arguments declarations in the implementation section must match the declarations of the interface section or may be omitted as in TP Delphi PMP does not support USES declaration in the implementation section so take care about circular references between units PMP supports initialization section in units Initializations are called before execution of the main program statem
88. e procedure Circle X Y Radius byte FILL t6LCD_FillMode State tGLCD_PlotMode Draw a circle filled or outlined black or white procedure Text X Y byte const St tGLCD_ String State tGLCD_PlotMode Draw a text black or white Document revision A LiBRARIES The KS107_108 Former GLCD unit Page 89 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 5 5 The SERIAL unit The SERIAL unit interfaces simple HW asynchronous interface USART without interrupts It does not support a second HW port Demo project None 5 5 1 Supported features e Single character I O The character input procedure may be hooked to the standard READ READLN procedures by the ASSIGN built in procedure e The character output procedure may be hooked to the standard WRITE WRITELN procedures by the ASSIGN built in procedure 5 5 2 Conditional compilation Parameter feature DEFINE Identifiers Default Generate the serial character input routine USE_SERIALPORT_INPUT No Generate the serial character output routine USE_SERIALPORT_OUTPUT No Generate the serial string output routine USE_SERIALPORT_OUTPUTSTRING No If yes the serial output character routine is also generated 5 5 3 Constants None 5 5 4 Types SerialString Defines a string which may be used as SerialPort_OutputString parameter 5 5 5 Variables Name Size Comments
89. e Cursor or text will move to the left at each character write Cursor or text will move to the right at each character write default Text scrolling the cursor is fixed and the text scrolls DISPLAY_TEXT_ON 04 DISPLAY_TEXT_OFF 00 DISPLAY_CURSOR_ON 02 DISPLAY_CURSOR_OFF 00 DISPLAY_CURSOR_FIXED 00 DISPLAY_CURSOR_BLINK 01 LCD_DisplayMode Show the text default Hide the text Show the cursor Hide the cursor default Fixed cursor Blinking cursor default SHIFT_TEXT 08 SHIFT_LEFT 04 SHIFT_RIGHT 00 LCD_ShiftMode Fixed cursor text is scrolling Shift to the left Shift to the right default 5 3 5 Types LCD_String Defines a string which size is equal to the display width PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 5 3 6 Interface procedure LCD Int Initialize the LCD system must me called once before any other operation procedure LCD_GotoXY XPos YPos byte Cursor addressing first line column 1 does not affect cursor on off procedure LCD_Write_Char Ch char Write a character to the LCD with line column management CR amp LF managed too may be hooked to WRITE WRITELN see below procedure LCD_ Clear Clear the display and set the cursor to the home position 1 1 function LCD_X byte Return the
90. e changed via conditional compilation yet if needed the unit have to be edited All control lines must be on the same PORT all data bits must be on the same port using the high or the low nibble in 4 bits mode 5 3 3 Conditional compilation Parameter feature DEFINE Identifiers Default Width LCD_WIDTH_8 16 characters LCD_WIDTH_16 LCD_WIDTH_20 LCD_WIDTH_32 Number of lines LCD_LINES_1 2 lines LCD_LINES 2 LCD_LINES 4 Data bus width LCD_4BITS 4 bits LCD_8BITS 4 bits bus position LCD_4BITS_UPPER Lower bits Read mode is possible WR not LCD_READ No Forced as no if PIC10 PIC12 permanently grounded Use of character generator routine LCD_GEN No If LCD_GEN is defined use of 5x10 LCD_GEN_10 5x8 characters Control port to use LCD_CNTRL_PORTA LCD_CNTRL_PORTB LCD_CNTRL_PORTC LCD_CNTRL_PORTD GPIO for PIC10 12 and PORTB otherwise Data port to use LCD_DATA_PORTA LCD_DATA_PORTB LCD_DATA_PORTC LCD DATA _PORTD GPIO for PIC10 12 otherwise it is PORTB if 4 bits mode PORTC otherwise Document revision A LIBRARIES The LCD unit Page 85 101 5 3 4 Constants Name Used as parameter of Comments LCD_Width Nb of characters in width according to the conditional compilation symbols CURSOR_MOVE_LEFT 00 CURSOR_MOVE_RIGHT 02 CURSOR_MOVE_TEXT 01 LCD_CursorMoveMod
91. e assembler output from the compiler will contain the Pascal source file echo and compiler information Commented asm output The assembler output from the compiler will contain comments on each assembler line of code Symbol table and memory usage in asm output Self commented Conditional defines This list contains all conditional defines that may be used in the project If an item is checked it will be Defined for the compiler and cannot be re Defined in code Project options for Beacon Project Compiler Assembler Linker Processor options Version and comments Assembler executable Fe Program Files MicrochipiMPASM Suite MPASMWIN exe gt Default include path c Program Files Microchip MPASM Suite Output path D Prog Delphi pmp2006 0bj Assembler options c I fo jot ES Copy on top of the project main File 2 4 1 4 Linker options Project options for Beacon Linker executable C 1Program Files Microchip MPASM Suite mplink exe Default include path a Default library path C Program Files Micrachip MPASM Sut Si Output path DTe Sl Linker options Miscellaneous J Use debug mode for linker scripts Y Use new generic scripts EE Copy on top of the project main file Assembler executable is the full path of the assembler that will be invoked to assemble assembly source files generated by PMP By default this is the path of the MPL
92. e format of the A D channels mask BYTE or WORD The channels mask maps directly to ANSEL ANSELH or equivalent registers or to ADCON1 PCFG for PIC18 Defines an acquisition result format 8 or 10 bits The result of the acquisition is always right justified in a byte 8 bits or a word 10 bits Defines the acquisition time possibilities For PIC18 it maps the TAD code for others it is the nb of microseconds to wait after a channel change before to start the conversion BYTE For PIC18 they are in the form adtTAD_n where n is the nb of required TAD The type may vary according the processor s possibilities Defines the A D clock possibilities They may be of the form adcFOSCn where n is the Fosc divider or adcFrc for RC mode Defines the Vref mode possibilities They may be of the form advPmMm whre Pm is the Vref mode and Mm is the Vref mode Common mode is advVddVss or advVdd for the simplest devices A2D_Acat tA2D_ACQT A2D_Clock tA2D_Clock A2D_Mode tA2D_Mode A2D_Init A2D_Channels tA2D_Channels A2D_Vref_ Mode tA2D_Vref_Mode Initialize the A2D system and turns on the A D converter ADON function A2D_Get Channel byte word Perform an acquisition and conversion and return the result right justified The return format is always WORD regardless of the initialized format 8 or 10 bits If 8 bits is used the result may be casted by the LO pseudo function PIC MICR
93. e of these libraries may need additional information that will be found here To be completed 5 2 Global usage rules Most of PMP s library units may be parametrized through conditional compilation The PMP s ability to pass a DEFINED symbol from the global project data or from the main program has been used If a DEFINED symbol is not declared the unit may use a default value This is very efficient because the code is optimized at compile time rather than passing a lot of parameters to initialization routines and generating all the code for all the cases A unit that strongly uses this method is the LCD unit see below PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 5 3 The LCD unit The LCD unit deals with a HD44780 based compatible LCD display Demo project Examples Test_LCD Test_LCD PMP 5 3 1 Supported features 4 bits or 8 bits modes Any width 1 2 or 4 lines 4 lines never tested Character generator functions The character output procedure may be hooked to the standard WRITE WRITELN procedures by the ASSIGN built in procedure it manages CR LF 5 3 2 Pin assignments 4 bits mode defaults e 0 3 Data bus low nibble e 4 RS pin Register Select e 5 E pin Enable e 6 WR pin Write Mode if used see below e 7 Unused For 8 bits mode there s the same assignment for control lines Although the PORT assignment may be parametrized the default pin number assignments cannot b
94. e tested and upgraded further It is implemented for all processors and do not need a POINTERS LARGE directive What is called a dynamic record is a special construction of a standard record that accepts methods This is not Object Oriented programming but a midway between classic programming and OOP It was fully integrated in Delphi some years ago and found that it may be seen as a new way to manipulate data without all the stuff needed by OOP so the footprint stays quite small in PIC programming Example of a dynamic record TYPE tMyDynRecord RECORD X Y BYTE Bl B2 BOOLEAN procedure Init iX iY BYTE END procedure tMyDynRecord Init iX iY BYTE begin X iX Y iY Bl true B2 true end gt A method declaration is only allowed after the fields declaration mixing fields and methods declarations is forbidden gt A method s body must be declared in the implementation section What dynamic records may do Well first a dynamic record is a record so it may be used as a record it may be copied cleared used ina WITH statement passed as a parameter and so on Then methods of a dynamic record may manipulate any field of the record without referring to the record itself implicit WITH SELF clause What dynamic records do not have x As this is not OOP a dynamic record cannot inherit anything from an ancestor so there s no constructors
95. edefined in code Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES DIRECTIVES Page 37 101 o PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 8 Configuration bits declaration as CONST gt This syntax is maintained for compatibility since V1 2 there is the new CONFIG directive that is more universal see 3 7 2 This syntax is not compatible with processors with a multi word configuration The basic CONFIG declaration in PMP is defined as a CONST section pseudo variable definition This pseudo variable cannot be used as identifier and is not defined in the program CONST CONFIG lt Numeric Expression gt This variable maps directly to the CONFIG directive of MPAsm assembler declaration accepts any constant expression that returns a 16 bits value witch is generated as a single value for the assembler Example CONFIG INTRC OSC NOCLKOUT AND WDT OFF AND PWRTE OFF AND MCLRE OFF AND CP OFF AND BOR OFF AND IESO OFF AND FCMEN OFF Will generate this code in the asm file __ CONFIG h 30D4 3 9 Identifiers PMP identifiers may start with a single underscore character access to some special declarations in MPAsm syntax such as CONFIG constants but identifiers starting with two underscores are illegal reserved for PMP internal use PMP identifiers may contain unaccented letters numeric characters and the underscore character TA LZ a z 0 9
96. edures and functions Procedures and functions may be declared as external Syntax 1 PROCEDURE ExternalProcla EXTERNAL d MyProgram Externals xyz PROCEDURE ExternalProclb EXTERNAL d MyProgram Externals xyz In this syntax PMP assumes that the two procedures are implemented externally in a separate source file in assembler language PMP will generate an include directive for the assembler at the end of the module Several procedures and function may reside in the same include file No check is made by PMP on the given file name or path that must be fully qualified with its extension If there is no path the assembler default include path will be used Note that PMP does not generate a separate asm file for externals they are included in the current module they should NOT contain an END assembler directive Warning if declared in a unit with this syntax the assembler include directive is always generated and the parameters consume RAM space If declared in the main program the assembler include directive is only generated if the procedure or function has been used Nevertheless the parameters always consume RAM space even if they are not used Syntax 2 PROCEDURE ExternalProc2 EXTERNAL In this syntax the procedure is declared external for the assembler and will be solved by the linker The file must be explicitly given to the linker add it to the additional files list in the project opti
97. ents A unit cannot have a processor definition since it should be build for a main program So if a unit is compiled directly PMP uses the default selected options in the Project Options form This allows a compilation for syntax checking When a unit is compiled during a project make or build the unit uses the main program processor definition A unit generates its own asm file and a sym file sym file format is specific to PMP it lists all exported and imported functions procedures and variables PMP takes care about unit pas and asm file time stamp match and will rebuild units that are out of date Since some optimizations are processor dependant if the processor declaration or frequency declaration of a previous compilation of a unit does not match the main program declaration PMP automatically rebuild the unit with the main program processor and frequency declarations The unit may contain some optional special procedures qualified with the INTERRUPT modifier see 3 15 which is used to define sets of statements that is intended to serve as an interrupt service routine Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES UNIT STRUCTURE Page 26 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 6 Comments PMP programs may contain comments in several syntaxes Standard Pascal syntax lt Comment gt lt comment gt Delphi syntax all characters until end of line is a comment
98. errors Fixed Bad dependency check that produced unnecessary unit rebuilds Changed Symbols table management rebuild has been optimized so that the compiler is a bit faster Fixed In an ASM block double quoted strings was altered due to the Pascal parser that does not recognize them as strings Fixed In an ASM block assembler hex format nnH was altered due to the Pascal parser that does not recognize them as hex numbers Updated processors cfg to include 16F630 amp 16F676 specifics Fixed Bad error message position in some circumstances PIC16ENH amp PIC18 processors Fixed FP divide code generation was broken due to a bad optimization all processors Document revision A PMP DEVELOPMENT ISSUES REVISION HISTORY Page 96 101 _ l V1 5 4 2010 12 18 PPA Fixed Side effect of new optimization Bad generated code for B AND OR expressions all processors Fixed Side effect of new optimization Possible banking problem in MUL16 DIV16 MUL32 DIV32 all processors Fixed Bad generated code if a function call is not the leftmost operand in an expression in some circumstances all processors Fixed Bad generated code if a function call is within a FOR loop in some circumstances all processors Fixed processors cfg was not complete for PIC16F5 processors generating bad banking instructions Fixed Side effect of new optimization bad parameter passing if only one parameter and if it may be evaluated as boolean 0 1 al
99. ession that gives a 0 7 range lt Duty expression gt is a byte expression that gives a 0 255 range lt Identifier gt is a boolean variable that maps to an I O pin Purpose Set the given I O pin as an output then send a stream of interleaved 1 and 0 to the specified I O pin so that the output mean voltage value is theoretically proportional to Duty Vdd Duty 255 then set the given I O pin as an input If an RC is wired to the pin the capacitor will hold the voltage value so this makes an easy and cheap 8 bits analogical output function Several PWM statements may be necessary to charge the capacitor depending on the RC value The theoretical voltage value is never achieved it depends on the pin and on the device typical 1 is Vdd 0 7V and typical 0 is Vss 0 6V but the linearity should be acceptable with some bad excursions at min and max values experimentation would help PWM voltage value theoretical vs practical at Vdd 5 VDC s Theoretical e Practical Duty value Document revision A STATEMENTS BUILT IN PROCEDURES Page 77 101 READ lt Variable lt Variable gt Or READLN lt Variable gt lt Variable gt Where lt Variable gt may be any simple variable of type BYTE CHAR SHORTINT INTEGER WORD LONGINT LONGWORD STRING CHAR variables may be READ individually they are not treated as BYTE in this case
100. for recent files Fixed Bad file loaded if the required source also exists in the current windows directory std FileSearch behavior Added Better assembler block now identifiers are automatically translated to internal format Added Now VAR arrays may be in EEPROM with optional initial values EEPROM VAR arrays cannot be passed as CONST or VAR parameters Fixed Syntax error after a label inside a repeat until loop Modified Better analysis of interrupt context save called procedures functions are now analyzed at full nesting deep Added Open array parameters For previous versions see Changes txt in the doc subdirectory V1 0 0 2006 01 14 PPA Genesis and dark ages IDE was a stone amp burin version of EDLIN Initial release of PMP never distributed TA2D_Channels TA2D_Clock TA2D_Mode TA2D_Vref_Mode EEN BO ADAG E O A O A EE A A A E SIDE OG TO 29 SOPTIMIZE_PARAMS SOSCCAL eee Code 6 8 9 13 25 27 31 32 36 37 38 40 41 45 51 53 54 57 59 61 63 64 66 71 75 95 Conditional sranie atari 13 36 37 70 se aa arianas EA i aTi E EIEN aienak 38 Configuration bits 27 38 Configuration UE 22 VARIABLES CONS E 38 39 52 54 VECTORS Constant 24 25 26 36 39 40 43 45 59 DN CONTINUE EE 68 SWARN COS rue 81 DEC 2 73 DISPOSE isis DECLARED 36 37 48 70 DIN DEF
101. g for simple variables so any combination of types may be used possible truncation will produce a warning Boolean variables or bits are internally used as single bits but if used in non boolean expressions they are converted by an implicit ORD to byte values of TRUE 1 or FALSE 0 In non strict mode for boolean expressions any value other than zero is treated as TRUE so this construction is allowed even for non boolean variables IF Variable THEN It will generate the same code than IF Variable lt gt 0 THEN Use of simple constants may be optimized by PMP A while lt Constant expression evaluated to false gt do lt block gt will not generate any code A if lt Constant expression evaluated to false gt then lt block gt will not generate any code if an else lt block gt exists only this else lt block gt will be generated A while lt Constant expression evaluated to true gt do lt block gt will generate only lt block gt that loops forever This may help for conditional compilation if configuration constants are used may be used the same way as IFDEF SENDIF blocks In PMP two boolean constants are predefined TRUE 1 and FALSE 0 Since there is no type checking on booleans in non strict mode either TRUE and FALSE or 0 and 1 may be used for booleans The syntax for a variable assignment is lt Variable gt lt Expression gt Where lt Expression gt lt Relation g
102. handler AZ http www microchip com and are a family of programmable micro controllers and a compatible IDE assembler and linker programs respectively 1 2 BSD License In addition to the terms above binary or source files provided in the packages are provided under a modified BSD license note that some source files may have more than one copyright holder Copyright c 2005 2010 Philippe Paternotte All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met e Redistribution of source code must retain the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer e Redistribution in binary form may reproduce the above copyright notice this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and or other materials provided with the distribution e Neither the name of the PMPCOMP nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS AS IS AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT INCIDENTAL SPECIAL EXEMPLARY OR CONSEQUENTIAL
103. iable that is assimilated to a SET Document revision A STATEMENTS BUILT IN PROCEDURES Page 75 101 _ PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL FP_CLR Purpose Initializes floating point flags FP_FLAGS These flags are only cleared once at program starting and never reset until FP_CLR is called by the programmer With this method if there is an error in a complex FP expression flags may be tested after the whole expression evaluation and reset before or after FREEMEM lt Identifier gt lt Size gt Where lt Identifier gt is a typed pointer variable lt Size gt is the allocated byte count Purpose Free the dynamic variable pointed to by the given variable lt Identifier gt is any pointer variable lt Size gt should be the same size that was given at allocation time There is no heavy check for pointer coherency there is only a check that this is a valid RAM address The allocated memory should have been allocated by a call to the NEW or GETMEM standard built in procedures This procedure is implemented for PIC18 and PIC16 enhanced mid range only See also PMP dynamic memory allocation 4 20 GETMEM lt ldentifier gt lt Size gt Where lt Identifier gt is a any pointer variable lt Size gt is the requested byte count Purpose Create a new dynamic variable and initializes a pointer variable to point on it lt Identifier gt is any typed pointer variable lt Size gt i
104. inition Enumerated type Range type lt Type Declaration gt TYPE lt String Type Declaration gt lt One Dimension Array Type Declaration gt lt Record Type Declaration gt lt Dynamic record Type Declaration gt lt Pointer type definition gt lt Enumeration type definition gt lt Range type definition gt Where lt String Type Declaration gt lt Type Identifier gt STRING lt Numeric Constant gt lt One Dimension Array Type Declaration gt lt Type Identifier gt ARRAY lt Array Dimension Range gt OF lt Simple Type gt lt Array dimension Range gt lt Numeric Constant gt lt Numeric Constant gt lt Range type definition gt lt Record Type Declaration gt lt Type Identifier gt RECORD lt Simple field declaration gt END lt Dynamic record Type Declaration gt lt Type Identifier gt RECORD lt Simple field declaration gt lt Method declaration gt END lt Pointer type definition gt lt Type Identifier gt lt Simple type gt lt Type Identifier gt lt Enumeration type definition gt lt Type Identifier gt lt Identifier gt lt Identifier gt lt Range type definition gt lt Type Identifier gt lt Constant expression gt lt Constant expression gt lt Method declaration gt lt Procedure declaration gt lt Function declaration gt Note Since PMP has no type checking ranges may contai
105. ion gt digits If the lt String variable gt maximum length is less than the number of generated digits string truncation occurs Warning this truncation is not made as in standard Pascal that truncates the string at right and keeps the leftmost digits PMP truncates the string at left so that the rightmost digits are kept Examples var SX2 string 2 SX5 string 5 W word I integer B byte B i 37 Str 123 B SX2 This will set SX2 to 23 regardless to B W e SFFFF Str W SX5 This will set SX5 to 65535 T e l Sti T 5 SX5 This will set SX5 to fo 123 Note For floating point values formatting is limited in the current version the number of decimals cannot be specified and output is always 16 characters wide or less if specified in scientific format like 1 234567890E 23 It is reserved to debug procedures PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL SWAP lt Variable gt For BYTE CHAR or SHORTINT variables swaps low and high nibbles For INTEGER or WORD variables swaps low and high bytes For a LONGINT or LONGWORD variable swaps low and high words Other types are not supported TRIS lt Port gt lt Mask expression gt Where lt Port gt is an existing I O port PORTA lt Mask expression gt is a byte expression that gives a BYTE range Purpose Usually PMP does not have special instructions to manipulate registers to access to the I O directi
106. ion use the operator construction with a literal numeric Note that PMP is poorly typed on variables and constants except for strings records and arrays There is a special syntax behavior for b lt binary gt and h lt hex gt spaces dots dashes and underscores are accepted inside the quoted string for improving readability they are ignored 3 4 Program structure A typical PMP program contains the following elements Program lt program_name gt lt Hardware declarations gt lt USES declaration gt lt Constant declaration gt lt TYPE declaration gt lt Variable declaration gt lt Procedure or function declaration gt E Begin lt Statement gt End PMP syntax is as close as possible to the TP Delphi syntax All programs must begin with the PROGRAM keyword followed by the name of the program lt Program name gt must match the file name and cannot be expressed as a string so long file names are allowed but they must contain only valid identifier characters The program body must contain some declaration about the target processor contained in the hardware declaration section PMP is a single pass compiler as required by standard Pascal all identifiers that are to be used in the remainder of the code must be declared in a declaration section of the program or in a procedure or function prior to their use The program may contain some optional special proce
107. ions GLCD_SET_TOP Low level command Specify the first RAM line at the top see GLCD_Cmd procedure GLCD_SET_COLUMN Low level command Set the column address see GLCD_Cmd procedure GLCD_SET_PAGE Low level command Set the page address see GLCD_Cmd procedure GLCD_ON Low level command Turn the display on see GLCD_Cmd procedure GLCD_OFF Low level command Turn the display off see GLCD_Cmd procedure Document revision A LIBRARIES The KS107_108 rormer GLCD unit Page 88 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 5 4 5 Types tGLCD_InitMode glcdOFF glcdON tGLCD_FillMode glcdEMPTY glcdFILLED tGLCD_PlotMode glcdHIDE glcdSHOW tGLCD_RegisterMode glcdINST glcdDATA tGLCD_RW glcdWRITE glcdREAD tGLCD_String 5 4 6 Variables None 5 4 7 Interface 0 False LCD left off after init 1 True LCD left on after init 0 False fill empty black 1 True filled WHITE 0 False hide pixel black 1 True show pixel WHITE 0 False Instruction register 1 True data register 0 False write mode 1 True read mode Widest string usable for GLCD Text Low level functions procedure GLCD_Init Mode tGLCD_InitMode Initialize the GLCD system Mode permits to let the display ON or OFF after initialization procedure GLCD_Cmd Cmd byte Low level pro
108. ision A STATEMENTS BUILT IN FUNCTIONS Page 71 101 SUCC lt Identifier_or_numeric gt Returns the next numerical value of lt Identifier_or_numeric gt If lt Identifier_or_numeric gt refers to a boolean variable the result is always TRUE Range checking is made only if lt Identifier_or_numeric gt refers to a constant value identifier UPCASE lt Identifier_or_numeric gt NEW V1 6 0 Returns the uppercase character corresponding to the given parameter The result type is CHAR Cast functions BYTE CHAR SHORTINT WORD INTEGER LONGWORD LONGINT lt Expression gt If lt Expression gt returns an integer type value cast truncate or expand the expression result to the specified format If lt Expression gt returns a floating point value convert and truncate the expression result to the specified format A truncation warning may occur SINGLE REAL lt Expression gt Convert the expression result to the specified format 4 16 Built in procedures PMP supports the following instructions that modify variables often more efficiently than assignments with expressions on 8 16 or 32 bits variables CLR lt Variable gt Clear fill all with zero lt Variable gt lt Variable gt may be any variable simple ARRAY STRING or RECORD in RAM or EEPROM For strings only the length byte is cleared This is an equivalent to a FillChar lt Variable gt sizeof lt Variable gt 0 stupid statemen
109. l processors Added A save as defaults functionality in the project s options dialog to define options to be used for a new project Changed IDE search replace function preselects selected text only if something is selected in the current window Fixed PIC12F629 675 false stack overflow warnings Added INIT COMPARATORS to initialize comparator aware pins to all digital comparators off CMCON in small devices Fixed Removed unnecessary banksel instructions some small devices PIC10 PIC12 Fixed Compilation error in disabled conditional compilation blocks with a VECTORS directive for another processor range Added The version values mapping to ID locations option is now functional V1 5 3 2010 11 16 PPA Fixed A Shortlnt was not accepted as a FOR loop variable Fixed Bad generated code for mixed signed unsigned DIV in some circumstances all processors Fixed Bad generated code for mixed 8 16 32 bits operators operand promotion in some circumstances old bug all processors Fixed Big regression bug if there s an IF statement that evaluates to FALSE at compile time the whole current procedure code is not generated after this point Added After too much side effects regression errors the enhancement of the validation system is in progress with more new automatic checks based on Delphi code comparisons V1 5 2 2010 11 14 PPA Fixed If SINTERRUPT UNIQUE context saving was not always complete all processors Fixed New
110. llegal type Array too large Only one variable can be declared based absolute Record not allowed Initialized EEPROM records not allowed CONFIG syntax error CONFIG cannot be defined here Processor cannot be redefined at this point Pointers cannot be redefined at this point This directive is not allowed in units Illegal processor frequenc Illegal variables start address Illegal variables top address Illegal EEPROM start address Illegal EEPROM top address Out of processor EEPROM space lt info gt Bad identifier Illegal directive Error by UERROR directive Additional comment CT o O ASES PIPA The requested statement cannot be applied to the given identifier because of it s format or type This functionality is not yet implemented in the current version of PMP PMP needs unbanked variables for it s internal use In this case there is not enough free unbanked memory try to simplify your code There is not enough free RAM memory to allocate the variable There is not enough free EEPROM memory to allocate the variable SS o_O CT The given operator does not apply with strings EENEG The bit number does not exist for the given variable AAA A A A AAA Bad MPAsm include file CT Bad MPAsm include file This duration cannot be generated in us AAA A A A A S A Declare SFRs one by one Dimensions exceed the PMP maximum values Declare absolute variables one by one A record is not allowed here
111. location so right click always moves the cursor This tab may be used to modify all keyboard commands Syntax highlighting Editor Options El This tab may be used to modify all colors and appearance of the editor for the current type of file Display Options Keystrokes Highlighter Highlighter ege Si Use settings from Eoreground IE Lime F Clicking into the mini editor will update the selections according to the E ens Non e type of element recognized at the cursor position Changes in the seors EB ri ru rs selections are shown immediately in the mini editor Load from Registry 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Some tips For Pascal highlighting if the machine has a Delphi programming environment installed the Use settings from feature allows settings to be imported from the Windows registry records for these IDEs so that you can select the scheme you already use in your Delphi for my personal use as shown this is the old fashioned TP scheme Also for Pascal highlighting the local PMP settings may be saved to the registry and restored For general highlighting there are check boxes for selecting how comments should be treated not shown here several comment types may be active at a time Current file type scheme is saved in a separate ini file upon dialog validation OK button 2 5 Generated files PMP generates several files for each Pascal program or
112. lue is always loaded instead of generating a recursive call Procedure and function arguments and local variables consume RAM space they are internally declared as lt procedure or function name gt lt argument name gt Procedure and function local constants do not consume RAM space except for strings they are internally declared as lt procedure or function name gt lt constant name gt Since the local variables and arguments are implemented in static RAM space not on a stack recursion should be used with care gt Procedures and functions cannot be nested as in standard Pascal 3 14 1 Function RETURN statement NEW V1 6 0 In some Pascal like languages such as MODULA or OBERON there s a special statement for functions RETURN lt Expression gt It is implemented in PMP as an extended syntax If the Extended syntax project s option is not active it will produce a compilation error The is st following code IF lt Condition gt THEN RETURN lt Expression gt rictly equivalent to IF lt Condition gt THEN BEGIN RESULT lt Expression gt EXIT END 3 14 2 Side effect with string buffer and function calls In processors smaller than PIC18 PMP uses only one string temporary buffer for space reduction there is a special side effect in function calls in string expressions if there is a string expression in the called function consi
113. n mixed values In the example below the syntax tMyRange3 Monday 12 would be accepted Examples TYPE tMyString STRING 10 tMyArray ARRAY 1 10 OF BYTE al tMyRecord RECORD X Y BYTE Bl B2 BOOLEAN END MyWordPtr WORD MyRecordPtr tMyRecord Enum Sunday Monday Tuesday Thursday Friday Saturday tMyRangel 12 24 tMyRange2 Monday Saturday Y Cr EY CT z ke tMyArray2 ARRAY tMyRange OF BYTE For an example of a dynamic record see 3 11 2 1 3 11 1 Pointer types Pointer types may be defined forward as in standard Pascal TYPE pMyType tMyType tMyType BYTE Restriction the forward declared pointer must be found in the current TYPE block 3 11 2 Records Records must be declared in a TYPE section prior to be used Direct variable declaration as RECORD is not allowed APMP record is a simple subset of a standard Pascal record it cannot be nested and must contain only simple type fields or strings or multi bits fields see below BOOLEAN fields in a record use only one bit as simple booleans but they are grouped in one or several consecutive bytes the programmer must not use code that presumes of a record field position in memory Unused bits in bytes that are used for booleans are not reused by PMP for another variable so it is safe to move a record as
114. n1 gt TO DOWNTO lt Expression2 gt BY lt ConstantExpression gt DO lt Block gt NEW V1 6 0 The BY clause is implemented in some other Pascal like languages such as MODULA or OBERON it permits to specify the increment value for lt Variable gt If present the BY value must be a constant and evaluated as positive for a TO loop and negative for a DOWNTO loop The BY clause is implemented in PMP as an extended syntax If the Extended syntax project s option is not active it will produce a compilation error gt In the following pseudo codes lt Temp gt is a stealth variable that is generated by the compiler If lt Expression2 gt does not evaluate to a constant in the current implementation of PMP the FOR TO loop is implemented as an equivalent of lt Variable gt lt Expressionl gt lt Temp gt lt Expression2 gt IF lt Variable gt lt lt Temp gt THEN WHILE TRUE DO BEGIN lt Block gt IF lt Variable gt lt lt Temp gt THEN INC lt Variable gt ELSE BREAK END And as well the FOR DOWNTO loop lt Variable gt lt Expressionl gt lt Temp gt lt Expression2 gt IF lt Variable gt gt lt Temp gt THEN WHILE TRUE DO BEGIN lt Block gt IF lt Variable gt gt lt Temp gt THEN DEC lt Variable gt ELSE BREAK END If lt Expression2 gt evaluates to a constant in the current implementation of PMP
115. no additional option is necessary for PMP projects The Use debug mode for linker scripts check box forces the compiler to use the debug version of the Ikr script file that reserves special memory areas for ICD usage If the Use new generic scripts is checked PMP will use the new scripts introduced since V8 30 of MPLAB otherwise the normal script or the i mode check box 2 4 1 5 Processor options x Project Compiler Assembler Linker Processor options Version and comments BOR Brown Out Reset CP Code Protect CPD EE Data Protect FCMEN Fail Safe Clock Monitor TESO Internal External Switch Over Mode MCLRE Master Clear Enable Project options for Beacon ON BOD Enabled SBOREN Disabled OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF Internal OSC Oscillator INTRC_OSC_NOCLKOLIT Internal RC with I q PWRTE Power up timer WDT Watch Dog Timer lt 32 Copy on top of the project main file version are used depending on the debug This tab lists all the selected processor s configuration bits and their possible values The possible values are displayed and selected by right clicking on the value Warning On PIC18 processors the extended instruction set must not be selected PMP code is not compatible with extended mode 2 4 1 6 Version and comments Project options for Beacon EA Thi ae Dala e L is tab give to the pr t s version information an SE EEE e ts s access to the pr
116. not I NOT_ OPTION SERIAL then btfsc PORTA Beacon I NOT_OPTION_SERIAL gt Bit test skip if false goto L SerialPort_OutputString ERR CR LF movlw h oa Load constant 10 h 0A SerialfSerialPort_OutputStringB3 5 Store to destination h 0D Load constant 13 h 0D Serial SerialPort_OutputString S 4 2 Store to destination h 52 Load constant 82 h 52 SerialfSerialPort_OutputStringlS 3 Store to destination SerialfSerialPort_OutputStringls 2 2 Store to destination h 45 Load constant 69 h 45 Serial SerialPort_OutputString S 1 Store to destination h 05 Load constant 5 SerialfSerialPort_OutputStringls Store to destination pagesel SerialfSerialPort_OutputString call Serial SerialPort_OutputString pagesel 22 198 end procedure ErrorReceive _12 return 302 ag 303 194 function GetOneBit boolean returns true if ERROR Bit in Value O error s 1 warning s 2 4 1 PMP Project A project is stored in a pmp file that is internally an ini file This file stores all information about the project 2 4 1 1 Project general options Project options for Beacon A 7 ros Ess Segel men psa vaa The default part number is the reference that is used by PMP if EE ee there is no processor directive in the main program or H a unit Default part number Filter Default processor frequency d i Joes Slee ezdi sl is compiled separately Main file The default processor
117. nterfaces managing a future console version that may be released again 2 3 1 Command line usage The PMP console version uses command line arguments It accepts the following syntax PMP lt source file gt lt output file gt lt options gt Arguments order does not matter but lt source file gt is always the first given file name The lt source file gt may be any valid filename If the file extension is omitted PMP assumes that the source file extension is pas The lt output file gt is optional if it is omitted PMP generates a file with the same name as the source file but with an asm extension in the same directory The options supported at this time not case sensitive are as follows Ic generate commented code defaults to off Is generate symbol information defaults to off IV generate verbose source lines defaults to off Iw all warnings off defaults to on wn warning n off li lt path gt specify a global path for include files default is the source file directory p lt processor gt defines processor part number this name must match MPAsm syntax It is mandatory to compile a unit f lt frequency gt defines processor operating frequency It is mandatory to compile a unit ld lt Identifier gt defines a conditional compilation identifier 1 display usage information h same as Note that include files are always searched in the source file directory before to search in the global path if
118. ntext save gt lt Interrupt procedure body gt lt Context restore gt lt RETFIE gt The context saving is made regarding of the PIC registers and PMP internal variables that are used in the interrupt procedures and by one level of called procedures and functions or internal subroutines This does not include procedure and functions parameters and internal variables so they are definitely not reentrant if such variables are defined The one level scheme is not waterproof within an interrupt procedure it should be avoided to call procedures and functions that may call another procedures and functions Likewise PMP internal subroutines should be used with care since most of them may be not reentrant and some special functions passing arguments are not saved and would be destroyed Using the OPTIMIZE SPEED directive inside interrupt procedure may help but special features should not be used this includes not limited to FP math all block moves and some built in functions and procedures Generally PMP warns about possible reentry issue but again this is not bulletproof There is no special limitation in interrupt procedures local variables constants and types may be used Assignments to global variables greater than a single byte or boolean should be used with care since global variable read or writes may be interrupted in the middle of the variable move and the result may be unpredictable atomic problem this is not PMP or P
119. ocString gt may be a single quoted string limited in size to the max number of IDLOC of the processor typically 4 this syntax is maintained for compatibility with MPASM old syntax format Special behavior if the ID locations limits for the current processor is 0 15 than each digit is interpreted as hexadecimal digits and translated as 0 9 A F 0 15 lt IdLocltem gt lt IdLocindex gt lt IdLocValue gt lt IdLoclndex gt is an IDLOC integer expression that returns an index in the 0 n range where n depends to the current processor configuration lt IdLocValue gt is an IDLOC integer expression that returns a value compatible with the IDLOC format of the current processor configuration gt Depending to the processor IDLOC values may be read and or written by code see IDLOC pseudo variable gt If not defined an IDLOC item is set to it s maximum value gt If enabled the project s version values always override the values defined by this directive Example CONST MY IDLOC 3 0A SIDLOC 0 1 1 FF 2 AA 3 MY_IDLOC 3 3 7 9 l INCLUDE Include source file lt FileName gt Include another file in place lt FileName gt may be a simple file of the form Name Ext or a string constant between quotes mandatory if the file name contains a path and or spaces If the file name does not contain an extension pas is assumed See global include path declaration in chapter 2 1 Example INCLUDE
120. oject s versio ormation and oject version e Comments is free length text saved with the project PMP does oA of 084 04 T suto increment build number not do anything with this text Assign to IDLOCS The build number may be auto incremented after each explicit successful full build The version information may be automatically hard wired to the processor s IDLOCS so that this version information will be written to the device The build written value is the value during the build before the optional auto incrementation 2 4 2 Code Explorer PMP IDE maintains a code explorer tree at the form s left may me disabled in the Tools menu PMP Beacon File Edit Search Project Tools Help DHHS seex A B Den i J Standard Constants Beacon pas Serialpas pwm_cep pas A2D pas Beacon asm 4 Standard Variables SFRs 1 Constants Types SerialString string 16 in Serial t42D_Channels Word in 42D tA amp 2D_Clock Enumeration adcFosc2 adcFosc8 a t amp 2D_Mode Enumerationadm bits admi Obits in t amp 2D_VREF_Mode Enumeration advVdd advVref Variables CCPICON_Shadow Byte 27 in PWM_CCP 9 Cmd0 Byte 35 in Beacon 9 Cmd1 Byte 36 in Beacon 9 CurrentMode8Bits Boolean A2D BOOL 032 InErrorCode Byte 20 in Serial 9 1ADDR_0 Boolean PORTA 2 in Beacon 9 1_ADDR_1 Boolean PORTA 5 in Beacon 1UR_Receiver Boolean PORTB 4 in
121. omment ser message arning Irective U Warning by UWARNING directi oolean truncation oolean WI e set wi e only 1 Boolean t ti Bool ill be set with the 1 LSB onl yte truncation urrent size Is greater than byte only the Wl e stored 2 Bytet ti C t size i ter than byte only the 8 LSB will be stored nteger truncation urrent size Is greater tnan integer on e wi e stored 3 Int t ti C t size i ter than int ly the 16 LSB will be stored ora truncation urrent size Is greater than word only the WI e stored A Wordt ti C t size i ter th d only the 16 LSB will be stored solete PS ff Ob Olt A ea mar engin characters pesto O destination max length characters will be stored A ss frequency _8 Cannot achieve 1 us delay with this processor frequency _9 Cannot achieve 10 ps delay with this processor frequency I gt O 13 ys delay is limited A AOS 15 Implemented as array of byte Constant Boolean arrays are implemented as byte arrays one byte per element Ram top address change not allowed here ignored EEPROM top address change not allowed here ignored AA ee ea expression is always 0 19 EEPROM variables cannot be local variables ignored o O 20 EEPROM variables cannot be arrays ignored 21 EEPROM variables cannot be absolute ignored Lee The code uses PMP internal subroutine call that may be used in the main program it may imply an unpredictable behavior e I limitations with the current freq quenc
122. on registers the TRISx registers should be directly assigned Unfortunately some old and or small devices do not have TRISx registers but a special instruction TRIS that is a write only instruction The TRIS built in procedure will automatically map into a TRISx register assignment if such register exists or into a TRIS instruction otherwise As said before TRIS is write only so you cannot read back the value so it should be saved in a global variable if you want to manipulate mask individual bits WRITE lt Expression Item gt lt Expression ltem gt Or WRITELN lt Expression Item gt lt Expression ltem gt lt Expression ltem gt lt Expression gt Width Expression gt Where lt Expression gt may be any expression that may be evaluated by the compiler Single CHAR may be used they are not converted to BYTE in this case lt Width Expression gt is an optional qualifier defaults to zero witch expression may be evaluated by the compiler but result is used as BYTE If the evaluation of width expression evaluates to a larger value a byte truncation warning is issued Purpose This is the standard Pascal WRITE and WRITELN procedures that convert expressions to a string and outputs it to the current console see ASSIGN with optional width qualifiers PMP specificities For specificities about string formatting refer to the STR built in procedure At the end WRITELN outputs a pair of CR LF characters or
123. ons External procedures and functions may have arguments they are always allocated in RAM by the compiler even if they are not used Assembler instructions may access these variables and global variables as well see naming convention in chapter 3 14 Note that the parameters are always prefixed with the module name where the external function or procedure is defined 3 14 6 1 Memory allocation in assembler modules External procedures and functions may have local storage for variables but since they are not controlled by the compiler this may generate troubles Memory allocation should not be explicitly addressed to avoid memory overlapping with compiler generated variables so use MPLAB UDATA UDATA_SHR or UDATA_ACS simple directives without addressing like this MPLINK will allocate the storage in areas unused by the compiler since real address is unknown at writing time bank is also unknown banksel pseudo instructions should be used The RESERVED directive may be used to reserve storage that is forbidden to the compiler Also the VARIABLES directive may be used to limit compiler RAM space and manage storage for absolute variables not recommended Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES PROCEDURE AND FUNCTION DECLARATION Page 56 101 l PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 15 Interrupt special procedures A procedure may be defined with the INTERRUPT qualifier with no arguments P
124. ons If lt Expression1 gt and lt Expression2 gt evaluates to the same constant value the lt block gt is executed once no loop code is generated If lt Expression1 gt and lt Expression2 gt evaluates to constant values and lt Expression1 gt is over lt Expression2 gt no code is generated even for the loop variable assignment 4 10 FOR iterator NEW V1 6 0 This It is i particular form of the FOR statement has been introduced in the latest versions of Delphi and in FPC mplemented in PMP as standard Pascal FOR lt Variable gt IN lt Enumerable gt DO lt Block gt lt Enumerable gt may be An array variable Asstring variable or a string literal An enumerated type Asimple type variable BYTE CHAR SHORTINT WORD INTEGER LONGWORD LONGINT this is a PMP special behavior not a standard Pascal one see below lt Variable gt is any simple variable compatible with the lt Enumerated gt element type Unlike a classic FOR loop which may loop with index values the iterator loops on all element values contained in lt Enumerable gt this element value will be written in lt Variable gt Both lt Variable gt and lt Enumerable gt are read only during the loop gt Inthe following pseudo codes lt Temp gt is a stealth variable that is generated by the compiler containing the index in lt Enumerable gt The iterator behavior will differ a bit according
125. ors cfg file may help to customize some specific processors features Pointers and records are not yet fully supported PMP supports only a subset of the standard Pascal features 7 2 Todolist Not in priority order Feel free to comment Optimize RAM usage for procedures and functions arguments or local variables Full implementation of records more accepted types nesting Implement dot notation for specifying external unit symbols In progress Build a version that integrates in Microchip IDE they do not seem to be very happy to give specifications In progress but in standby state had some good contacts with Microchip support but for now it is not enough Continue to tune up the expression optimizer there is always something to do Inline procedures and functions Procedure and function overloading Add a directive to optionally activate the strong checking of types as Pascal does PMP is C Like on this what a shame In progress NEW Partially done since V1 4 10 Evaluate GPUTILS support In progress NEW Alpha support introduced in V1 4 7 0 Evaluate using a optional stack for parameters passing and local variables for FSR aware processors PMP does not use any stack currently This is memory consuming but really faster than using a stack 11 And more PONS Gelle Or 0 7 3 Not to do list 1 PMP will never well who knows include an internal assembler linker or simulator feel that M
126. pression gt evaluation and for the next block If lt Expression gt evaluates to a constant value not equal to O TRUE no code is generated for the lt Expression gt evaluation the next block is generated and loops forever The loop flow may also be controlled via BREAK and CONTINUE statements 4 7 REPEAT statement REPEAT lt Block gt UNTIL lt Expression gt The REPEAT statement is optimized for boolean use but in non strict mode PMP also accepts a non boolean expression any value that is not zero is evaluated as TRUE 1 Optimizations If lt Expression gt evaluates to a value of O FALSE no code is generated for the lt Expression gt evaluation and the block does not loop If lt Expression gt evaluates to a value not equal to O TRUE no code is generated for the lt Expression gt evaluation and the block loops forever The loop flow may also be controlled via BREAK and CONTINUE statements 4 8 LOOP statement NEW V1 6 0 LOOP lt Block gt END This particular form of a loop exists in some other Pascal like languages such as MODULA or OBERON Formally it is equivalent to a REPEAT lt Block gt UNTIL FALSE loop It is implemented in PMP as an extended syntax If the Extended syntax project s option is not active it will produce a compilation error The loop flow may be controlled via BREAK and CONTINUE statements 4 9 FOR statement FOR lt Variable gt lt Expressio
127. ptimize space for such variables This directive is ignored for small devices that have not more than 256 bytes of memory This directive cannot be used after code has been generated This directive is only available in a program project wide directive units will be automatically compiled with the same option than the main program This directive is not allowed for PIC18 and PIC16 enhanced processors for witch pointers and VAR argument addresses are always 16 bits wide This directive is ignored for processors that have no upper ram all ram is within 0 255 address range A warning will be issued and the POINTERS SMALL will remain active Example POINTERS LARGE 3 7 17 POP Restore compiler options This directive restores the previously saved options see details in PUSH below 3 7 18 PROCESSOR Define processor lt processor gt Defines the processor part number this directive overrides the default processor part number defined in the Project Options form For the command line version of PMP it must be used if the processor is not defined in command line arguments This directive is not allowed in units since they use the main program declaration In main programs this directive should be the first to be declared The processor part number is an identifier and must match the MPAsm processor and linker script include file names which give the standard register definitions and the memory mapping of the processo
128. quoted returns only the extension part of the file name between the parenthesis Warning it is not quoted Other macros are specific to PMP PRJNAME returns the current project file name fully qualified full path with double quotes ASMPATH returns the compiler output path as defined in the current project options Warning it is not quoted HEXPATH returns the linker output path as defined in the current project options Warning it is not quoted PROCESSOR returns selected default processor 2 4 4 Syntax highlighting and other editor options PMP has syntax highlighting for several types of files Pascal C C VB ASM The appropriate pattern is loaded according to the file extension the user may change the colors and several behaviors All options may be modified through the Tools menu Editor options for this file type command that opens the options dialog General display options Editor Options Gutter IV Visible Autosize I Show line numbers I Start at zero TT Show leading zeros Use Gutter Font Gutter color Digit Count 4 2A Left Offset 24 Bight Offset 5 Y Courier New spt El E Custom h El Right Edge Edge Column 132 Si Edge color E Custom Y El Line spacing Tab spacing Extra Lines 0 Tab Width 8 Bookmarks I Bookmarks visible Iw Bookmark keys Left Margin 2 Al Editor Font
129. r Imported identifier definitions are visible to the program such as standard registers and bit definitions and cannot be redefined gt Tip The given lt processor gt is automatically defined as a conditional compilation symbol Example PROCESSOR PIC16F690 SIFDEF PIC16F DEFINE MIDRANGE SENDIF 1 For mysterious considerations inc and Ikr file names are different in the MPLAB suite PMP translates automatically the file names PIC16F84 is translated to P16F84 for inc file and translated to 16F84 for Ikr file This is not very portable Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES DIRECTIVES Page 32 101 o PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 7 19 PUSH Save compiler options This directive saves the current compiler options so that some of them may be modified locally then restored with a POP directive Several PUSH may be nested options are saved in a stack The saved options are SWARNING global and individual CODEGEN CONFIG ON OFF INITIALIZE SINTERRUPTS JUMPS OPTIMIZE SOSCCAL POINTERS and SPACE 3 7 20 RESERVED RAM EEPROM Specify a memory region as unusable lt Address expression gt TO lt Address expression gt Defines a RAM or EEPROM address or consecutive addresses that are not usable by PMP This directive may be used several times to define more than one area or different areas may be defined in one directive separate
130. re tells to the compiler to generate code at reset to get calibration value in W register and to set up OSCCAL register Cannot be used after startup code generation in program main block Defaults to OFF Example OSCCAL ON Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES DIRECTIVES Page 31 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 7 16 P POINTERS Define pointers size gt For PIC18 and PIC16 Enhanced processors the LARGE model is forced and cannot be changed S SMALL Optimize for using one byte for pointers and VAR arguments this is default this limits allocation of pointed to variables in the lowest 256 bytes of memory PMP does not search to optimize space for such variables This directive cannot be used after code has been generated This directive is only available in a program project wide directive units will be automatically compiled with the same option as the main program This directive is ignored for PIC18 and PIC16 enhanced processors for witch pointers and VAR argument addresses are always 16 bits wide LARGE A warning will be issued and the POINTERS LARGE will remain active L LARGE Optimize for using two bytes pointers and VAR arguments this permits allocation of such variables in the whole memory but code is less efficient since parameter passing consumes more memory and code and using of FSR must be coupled with the use of IRP flag PMP does not search to o
131. s defined with one and only one BYTE or CHAR argument Purpose This is the way a user defined console I O routine may be assigned to the standard console READ READLN WRITE and WRITELN built in procedures The ERROR routine is called when there is a unrecoverable runtime error eg memory allocation failure Since program stability is engaged after the procedure call the MCU is halted by an infinite loop interrupts are not disabled WDT may trigger The argument receives the error code as an ASCII digit 30 PMP specificities By default nothing is assigned to INPUT OUTPUT and ERROR pseudo files If a pseudo file is not assigned the related console I O calls will do nothing Pseudo files cannot be closed They may be re assigned even with NIL Example procedure MyOutput Ch char assign output MyOutput This will assign the procedure MyOutput for all further WRITE WRITELN procedure calls PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL BAUD rate Generates all initializations necessary to use asynchronous only communications at the given baud rate using the TXSTA RCSTA registers If the processor has no such registers an error will occur The generated code is optimized regarding the current FREQUENCY and does not validate interrupts this is left to the programmer After this procedure call all asynchronous communications are ready to use TRIS register bits asynchronous mode TX R
132. s directive is effective until another SPACE directive or function or procedure declaration Example SSPACE EEPROM VAR EE SAVED INDEX BYTE Index saved in EEPROM SSPACE RAM Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES DIRECTIVES Page 33 101 o PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 7 23 STRINGS Set default string size lt expression gt Defines the default size of strings when there is no size qualifier This new size will be used after this line of code This directive is local Example STRINGS 32 Set default string size to 32 characters 3 7 24 UERROR Generate a compiler error lt Message gt Raise a user error message with the given text lt Message gt must be enclosed by standard character string quotes The error will count in the total compiler error count so that linker will not be called Example SIFDEF PIC18 UERROR Sorry this module cannot be used with a PIC18 processor SENDIF 3 7 25 UWARNING Generate a compiler warning lt Message gt Display a user warning message with the given text lt Message gt must be enclosed by standard character string quotes Example SIF FREQUENCY lt 4000000 SUWARNING Inaccurate timings will occur at this frequency SIFEND 3 7 26 V VARIABLES Define the memory region for RAM variables lt Address expression gt TO
133. s the requested size of the allocated memory block If the heap of free memory does not have enough space to allocate the block the ERROR procedure is called and the processor is halted The allocated memory should be freed by a call to the FREEMEM standard built in procedure This procedure is implemented for PIC18 and PIC16 enhanced mid range only See also PMP dynamic memory allocation 4 20 INCLUDE lt Integer Variable gt lt Bit gt Where lt Integer Variable gt is any integer variable BYTE to DWORD size lt Bit gt is a bit number constant 0 n applicable to lt Integer Variable gt Purpose Set bit lt Bit gt from lt Integer Variable gt This is equivalent to Delphi s include statement that applies to SETs PMP applies to any integer variable that is assimilated to a SET MOVE lt Source gt lt Dest gt lt Size gt Move one variable to another variable for the optional given size in bytes If not given the moved size is the lowest size of lt source gt and lt destination gt If the given lt Size gt is greater than lt Source gt size an error is produced This procedure cannot overlap outside lt Source gt Document revision A STATEMENTS BUILT IN PROCEDURES Page 76 101 _ PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL NEW lt Identifier gt Where lt Identifier gt is a typed pointer variable Purpose Create a new dynamic variable and initializes a pointer variable to poin
134. standard BYTE type designing a processor Special Function Register at an absolute address The SFR keyword allows the programmer to declare and manipulate a Special Function Register SFR of the micro controller if it is not defined in the standard MPAsm include file To the program an SFR appears to be an ordinary RAM variable The syntax for an SFR declaration is VAR lt Identifier gt SFR lt address constant gt Mainly this is equivalent to VAR lt Identifier gt BYTE lt address constant gt Differences with a simple BYTE variable The variable name is not internally prefixed by the module or procedure function name and is always global e The variable is automatically assumed as VOLATILE The lt Identifier gt is treated as a variable name and the lt address constant gt is the file register address of the particular SFR User declared SFR variables are always treated as bankable by PMP The compiler will automatically handle bank switching as needed Note During MPAsm include file importation PMP automatically defines all register definitions as absolute BYTE variables such as INDF TMRO so these identifiers cannot be redefined in the source code It is possible to declare a pointer to an SFR VAR lt Identifier gt SFR gt Auser declared SFR is always assumed to be volatile no read write optimizations on SFRs gt A pointer to SFR or a procedure function argument of type SFR are also tre
135. t lt Term gt lt Term gt lt Relation gt lt BoolExpression gt lt BoolOp gt lt BoolExpression gt lt Term gt lt Factor gt DIV MOD lt Factor gt lt Factor gt lt Constant gt lt Expression gt lt Variable gt lt Variable gt lt bit gt lt Function Call gt lt Constant gt any valid numeric or character constant lt BoolExpression gt lt Expression gt lt relop gt lt Expression gt lt Relop gt lt gt lt gt lt gt IN lt Boolop gt AND OR XOR SHL SHR lt Function Call gt lt Function Name gt lt FunctionArgs gt lt Function Name gt lt UserFunctionName gt lt BuiltinFunctionName gt 4 1 1 SHR 8 SHL normal behaviors As in standard Pascal SHR and SHL applied to signed numbers implies an automatic cast to unsigned so shifts are always logical never arithmetic This is Pascal standard Period This explanation is to anticipate discussions on this subject The C standard says there is no standard for gt gt and lt lt operators on signed numbers This is left implementation dependent and the consequence is that their behaviors differ between compilers and the subject generates long discussions in forums and discussion lists Note that the PMP optimizer engine is smart enough to use logical shifts or arithmetic shifts when an unsigned or a signed number DIV by a power of two is required Direc
136. t in one bank For PIC18 arrays and strings may cross a RAM bank boundary Arrays are limited to one dimension and 256 bytes regardless to the type of the elements Low and high bounds may be defined as wanted For PIC18 the maximum size is 64K bytes if the processor can hold it Strings are limited to 255 characters High bound may be defined as wanted Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES VARIABLES DECLARATION Page 48 101 3 12 2 Special considerations about memory allocation Variables may be allocated either in processor RAM or EEPROM Variables in EEPROM a great PMP feature should be used with care since they are time consuming write is 5 ms typical and the number of writes is limited Reading bit variables in EEPROM is implemented as byte read and masking writing bit variables in EEPROM is implemented as byte read masking and write back This is time consuming gt Strings pointers or CONST VAR procedure function parameters cannot be allocated in EEPROM Arrays may be allocated in EEPROM A whole EEPROM array can be read or assigned An EEPROM VAR array can have initial values 3 12 3 Some VAR Examples CONST AnArrayMax 2 VAR AnArray ARRAY 2 AnArrayMax OF BYTE boundaries may be negative SPACE EEPROM next in EEPROM EE BYTE 1 EE BYTE 2 BYTE EEArray ARRAY 1 2 OF BYTE 100 200 EE arrays may have initial values
137. t Number Family Item 1 Value 1 Item n Value_ n Where Processor Part Number Family may contain or wild card characters to match several processors In this case the rule is that a processor name that matches a family name will primarily default to this family parameters If the processor has specifics regarding its family these specifics differences from the family are defined further in a specific section Item StackSize Defines the hardware stack deep some processors have only a 2 levels stack 0 if standard 8 levels stack Defines if there is no return instructions only retlw x instructions Defines if there is no addlw sublw instructions Defines if there is no interrupts Call256 Boolean Defines if calls and PCL assignments are only possible to the first 256 program locations Defines the processor fixed clock frequency in this case the FixedFrequency FREQUENCY compiler directive is forbidden AN D EA HasUart Boolean o Defines if the processor has an UART PORTB NoAddlw Nolnterrupts OscCal String For processors that have a oscillator calibration feature possible values are moviw or retlw defines witch type of instruction returns the calibration value in the W register at reset If retlw a call to the last program code location is inserted at start up if movlw it is assumed that there is a PC wrap to 0 after last program location execution Identifies the
138. t in TP Delphi INC lt Variable gt or INC lt Variable gt lt Increment gt Increment lt Variable gt by one or by lt Increment gt lt Increment gt may be any expression If lt Variable gt is a pointer it is incremented to point to the next item or lt Increment gt items forward DEC lt Variable gt or DEC lt Variable gt lt Decrement gt Decrement lt Variable gt by one or by lt Decrement gt lt Decrement gt may be any expression If lt Variable gt is a pointer it is decremented to point to the previous item or lt Decrement gt items backward ROL lt Variable gt or ROL lt Variable gt lt Constant expression gt Rotate lt Variable gt left by one position or by lt Constant expression gt positions inserting MSB to LSB ROR lt Variable gt or ROR lt Variable gt lt Constant expression gt Rotate lt Variable gt right by one position or by lt Constant expression gt positions inserting LSB to MSB Next PMP supports the following standard procedures ASSIGN OUTPUT lt Output procedure gt Or ASSIGN INPUT lt Input function gt Or ASSIGN ERROR lt Error procedure gt Where lt Output procedure gt may be any procedure name that is defined with one and only one BYTE or CHAR argument lt Input function gt may be any function name that is defined with a BYTE or CHAR result type with no arguments lt Error procedure gt may be any procedure name that i
139. t on it lt Identifier gt is any typed pointer variable The size of the allocated memory block depends of the size of the type pointed by lt Identifier gt If the free memory does not have enough space to allocate the bloc the ERROR procedure is called and the processor is halted The allocated memory should be freed by a call to the DISPOSE or FREEMEM standard built in procedures This procedure is implemented for PIC18 only and PIC16 enhanced mid range only See also PMP dynamic memory allocation 4 20 OPTION lt Expression gt Where lt Expression gt is any byte expression Purpose Usually PMP does not have special instructions to manipulate registers to access to the OPTION register the OPTION_REG register should be directly assigned Unfortunately some old and or small devices do not have OPTION_REG register but a special instruction OPTION that is a write only instruction The OPTION built in procedure will automatically map into an OPTION_REG register assignment if such register exists or into an OPTION instruction otherwise As said before OPTION is write only so you cannot read back the value so it should be saved in a global variable if you want to manipulate mask individual bits PWM lt Port gt lt PinNumber expression gt lt Duty expression gt Or PWM lt Identifier gt lt Duty expression gt Where lt Port gt is an existing I O port PORTA lt PinNumber expression gt is a constant expr
140. t reserved by PMP it should be avoided to use such keywords as identifiers 2 Not implemented for all processors 3 Same as 1 but the implementation is already scheduled in a future version 4 Limited to integer types for processors other than PIC16 and PIC18 5 Only for PIC16 and PIC 18 processors 6 Not for PIC16 non enhanced processors Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES KEYWORDS Page 23 101 3 3 Constant formats PMP supports standard Pascal constant formats as well as additional ones that programmers like sorry but octal is not supported lt hex gt hexadecimal constant 8 32 bits TP Delphi format Ox lt hex gt hexadecimal constant 8 32 bits C format h lt hex gt hexadecimal constant 8 32 bits MPAsm format Ob lt binary gt binary constant 8 32 bits C format b lt binary gt binary constant 8 32 bits MPAsm format lt character gt single character constant ASCII evaluated as CHAR n single character constant ASCII given for compatibility only since PMP type checking is limited n is equivalent to n but evaluated as CHAR lt hex gt single character constant ASCII given for compatibility only since PMP type checking is limited lt hex gt is equivalent to lt hex gt but evaluated as CHAR lt string gt string constant Cl Character literals TP Delphi n form or C wm form are not allowed for concatenat
141. t use of SHR will not improve the code efficiency PMP also uses SHL to multiply by a power of two in some circumstances _ Document revision A STATEMENTS ASSIGNMENTS AND EXPRESSIONS Page 59 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 4 1 2 Divide operator For processors lt PIC16 it can be used instead of the DIV keyword since PMP does not deal with floating point on these processors so it is an alias Pascal rule overload This behavior is kept for compatibility with times where there was no floating point in PMP but it is not recommended since there s source compatibility issues For processors gt PIC16 this is the normal floating point divide operator so the result is always float 4 1 3 Logical operators AND OR XOR operators are 8 bits BYTE CHAR SHORTINT 16 bits WORD INTEGER or 32 bits LONGWORD LONGINT wide 4 1 4 Operand size promotion signed or unsigned PMP uses the smallest possible size for evaluating each term in an expression and promotes its internal accumulator size as needed so mixing types in expressions is not reversible Possible truncations will produce a warning message Possible overflows never produce any warning A typical example is also to compare an INTEGER to a WORD Since a WORD may be gt 32767 both are expanded to LONGINT before to compare so the result is accurate Since PMP has no 64 bits integers even internally this cannot
142. thin a block to minimize code size this is enough for most programs but in some circumstances the range of a BRA instruction may be not enough SHORT generates BRA after this point LONG generates GOTO instructions after this point until another JUMPS directive Example JUMPS LONG 3 7 13 O OPTIM OPTIMIZE Define optimization mode S SPEED Optimize for speed some internal function calls are replaced by inline code call instructions to these functions are suppressed less use of processor hardware stack and code optimization is more accurate It invalidates the memory optimization see below M MEMORY Optimize for memory size and calls default internal functions are mostly implemented as subroutines processor hardware stack is used for calls It invalidates the speed optimization see above Globally activate or deactivate the optimizer Defaults to the Project options setting Example SOPTIMIZE SPEED 3 7 14 OPTIMIZE_PARAMS Define parameter passing optimization mode ON OFF By default parameters passing may be optimized passed in registers In some cases it may be necessary to turn off this optimization for pure assembler routines or procedures assigned to output channel Defaults to ON Example SOPTIMIZE PARAMS OFF 3 7 15 OSCCAL Activates or deactivates OSCCAL processor feature ON OFF For processors that have an Oscillator Calibration featu
143. to the type of lt Enumerable gt For an ARRAY lt Variable gt will contain all values contained in the array the loop is implemented as an equivalent of lt Temp gt e low lt Enumerable gt WHILE TRUE DO BEGIN lt Variable gt lt Enumerable gt lt Temp gt lt Block gt IF lt Temp gt lt high lt Enumerable gt THEN INC lt Temp gt ELSE BREAK END For a STRING lt Variable gt will contain all characters of the string if the string is empty lt Block gt will not be executed The loop is implemented as an equivalent of lt Temp gt 0 WHILE TRUE DO IF lt Temp gt length lt Enumerable gt THEN BREAK ELSE BEGIN INC lt Temp gt lt Variable gt lt Enumerable gt lt Temp gt lt Block gt END For an enumerated TYPE lt variable gt will contain all possible values of the type The loop is implemented as an equivalent of FOR lt Variable gt LOW lt Enumerable gt TO HIGH lt Enumerable gt DO lt Block gt For a simple type variable lt Variable gt will contain all bit positions that are 1 The loop is implemented as an equivalent of FOR lt Temp gt 0 TO SizeOf lt Enumerable gt 8 1 DO IF lt Temp gt IN lt Enumerable gt THEN lt Block gt 4 11 BREAK statement Inside a WHILE REPEAT FOR or LOOP control statement loop termination may be iss
144. ued with the BREAK keyword FOR I 0 TO 10 DO BEGIN IF A 0 THEN BREAK exit for loop Code not executed if A 0 END The BREAK statement is equivalent to a GOTO to the next instruction after the loop block 4 12 CONTINUE statement Inside a WHILE REPEAT FOR or LOOP control statement loop continuation may be used with the CONTINUE keyword FOR I 0 TO 10 DO BEGIN IF A 0 THEN Continue next loop iteration Code not executed if A 0 END The CONTINUE statement is equivalent to a GOTO to the evaluation of the loop control expression 4 13 ASM statement An assembler block may be inserted at any point within or outside of a procedure or function or main program block A basic assembler block LOW see below is not analyzed by PMP its content is passed directly to the assembly file and syntax check is made by the assembler ASM MOVFF MyProg MyFunc I MyProg MyFunc J move variable CALL MyProg OtherProc END No assumption should be made on the current selected ram bank at the block beginning As well PMP assumes that the current selected ram bank is unknown at the end of the block and that any file register content is unknown too reset of the optimizer data Labels should not interfere with PMP ones all PMP labels starts with two underscores An ASM block may be used to declare things outside of a code block ASM MYCON
145. ycles PMP goes ahead and the future implementations will be more optimized This is the most difficult goal in writing a compiler Document revision A STATEMENTS CODE OPTIMIZATION CONSIDERATIONS Page 80 101 PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 4 19 Floating point 4 19 1 Overview gt When floating point FP has been introduced it was for PIC18 processors only gt Now FP is for PIC16 also gt Using FP on smaller processors will produce compilation errors PMP FP uses routines based on a port of the excellent FP package called PicFloat from Mike Gore that may be found on the net Routines had been rewritten to be adapted to the PMP internal logic The internal FP format is an optimized 6 bytes format giving a pretty 32 bits plus sign mantissa the full format is lt SIGN gt lt EXP gt lt MANTISSA gt 7 0 7 0 31 0 gt 9 4 9 to 10 digits accuracy with an exponent up to 24127 1 7E38 compared to the 23 bits plus sign of the SINGLE 4 bytes IEEE format lt SIGN gt lt EXP gt lt MANTISSA gt 31 30 23 22 0 7 1 7 to 8 digits accuracy with an exponent up to 24127 1 7E38 During compilation PMP internally uses a 64 bits DOUBLE format that is converted to the appropriate format according to generated statements The generated code may use a 4 bytes SINGLE format but it systematically converts any format to REAL format when a call to a FP
146. yntax for configuration bits that matches the assembler config directive multi byte complexity see 3 8 for the old alternate CONFIG syntax This directive is not allowed in units This directive may be used several times but cannot be used after code generation has started lt Configltem gt lt ConfigName gt lt Value gt Where lt ConfigName gt is a legal configuration bit known by MPASM include file The different possible names and values may be found in the Project Option s dialog Where lt Value gt is a legal configuration bit group of bits known by MPASM include file Identifiers starting with a letter may be used as is names starting with a digit should be quoted to be read as a string Nevertheless any identifier may be quoted For processors smaller than PIC18 this directive also accepts definition of configuration bits with an equivalent lt ConfigName gt equal to the left part of the name without leading underscore character and lt Value gt equal to right part of the name see example below Example CONFIG CPUDIV OSC1_PLL2 FOSC XT_XT BORV 1 9 SCONFIG CPD OFF BOR NSLEEP This last one is equivalent to the old format CONST CONFIG CPD OFF and BOR NSLEEP Document revision A LANGUAGE FEATURES DIRECTIVES Page 27 101 l PIC MICRO PASCAL V1 6 USER MANUAL 3 7 3 DEPRECATED Define a unit procedure or function as obsolete

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