How to Use the IEEEtran BibTeX Style
Contents
1. K Ping C W Tang S V Slyke F Chen J Shi J C Sturm and M H Lu Design of an improved pixel for a polysilicon active matrix organic LED display in SID Tech Dig 1998 vol 29 pp 11 14 32 FLEXChip Signal Processor MC68175 D Motorola 1996 33 FLEXChip Signal Processor MC68175 D Motorola 1996 34 M S Yee and L Hanzo Radial basis function decision feedback equaliser assisted burst by burst adaptive modulation in Proc IEEE Globecom 99 Rio de Janeiro Brazil Dec 5 9 1999 pp 2183 2187 35 M Yajnik S B Moon J Kurose and D Towsley Measurement and modeling of the temporal dependence in packet loss in Proc IEEE INFOCOM 99 vol 1 New York NY Mar 1999 pp 345 352 36 M Wegmuller J P von der Weid P Oberson and N Gisin High resolution fiber distributed measurements with coherent OFDR in Proc ECOC 00 2000 paper 11 3 4 p 109 37 B Mikkelsen G Raybon R J Essiambre K Dreyer Y Su L E Nel son J E Johnson G Shtengel A Bond D G Moodie and A D Ellis 160 Gbit s single channel transmission over 300 km nonzero dispersion fiber with semiconductor based transmitter and demultiplexer in Proc ECOC 99 1999 postdeadline paper 2 3 pp 28 29 Reading MA 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 32 53 S G Finn M M dard and R A Barry A novel approach to aut2. Literature bstctlcite auxoutsec BSTcontrol2 The default auxiliary file specifier is auxout to which multibib appends a suffix of each bibliography name given as the first argument to newcites Other packages may have different auxiliary file naming conventions For those of you who know T X the bstctlcite command evaluates the contents of the optional argument within a csname endcsname construct and the resulting command sequence HOW TO USE THE IEEETRAN BIBTEX STYLE contains the output file number bstctlcite is silent it will not add any entry to or affect the numbering of the bibliography nor will it place any citation numbers in the main text There are two main limitations on its use 1 For the unsorted BIBTpX style it must be placed before any entries that it is to affect Because the user will almost always want to apply the changes to all the bibliography entries a good location is just after be gin document For the sorting style control entries will automatically be given a sort key value that will put them at the beginning of the references If this is not desired a control entry can be manually given a key field with a value that will result in the desired sort position 2 operation is one shot That is to say the same control entry cannot be used again within the same bibliogra phy However it is possible to call another control entry that uses a different key name This behavior
3. Must be less than or equal to CTLmax_ names_forced_etal The default value is 1 CTLuse_alt_spacing Setting this to no will shut off the alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs This feature may be of use to those who do not want the entries in the bibliography files bbl to contain the added I4TRX code required by this feature The default value is yes CTLalt_stretch_factor If alternate interword spacing for entries with URLs is enabled this is the interword spacing stretch factor that will be used For example the default value of 4 means that the interword spacing in entries with URLs HOW TO USE THE IEEETRAN BIBTEX STYLE can stretch to four times normal The given value does not have to be an integer CTLdash_repeated_names Setting this to no turns off the use of dashes for entries with names that are identical to those of the previous entry repeated names 66 May be useful for non IEEE related work IEEE normally does this so the default value is yes CTLname_format_string This is the BIBTEX name format string that controls the format of the author and editor names See 70 for more information Do not alter this control for work that is to be submitted to the IEEE CTLname_latex_cmd If not empty specifies a IATRX com mand that must use a single argument which is to process each of the formatted author and editor names in all the entries For example using CTLname_latex_cmd
4. The optional type field can be used to override the default designation Tech Rep 43 44 HOW TO USE THE IEEETRAN BIBTEX STYLE L Unpublished Supported fields author title language month year note url The unpublished entry type is used for documents that have not been formally published IEEE typically just uses unpublished for the required note field 45 M Electronic EEEtran bst extension Supported fields author month year title language howpublished organization address note url IEEEtran bst provides the electronic entry type for internet references 46 47 IEEEtran bst also provides the aliases online internet webpage and www for compatibility with some existing BIBTgX database and style files However electronic or perhaps online for those who also use Philipp Lehman s biblatex 48 should be used for all new work IEEE formats electronic references differently by not using italics or quotes and separating fields with periods rather than commas Also the date is enclosed within parentheses and is placed closer to the title This is probably done to emphasize that electronic references may not remain valid on the rapidly changing internet Note also the liberal use of the howpublished field to describe the form or category of the entries The organization and address fields may also be used 49 N Patent EEEtran bst extension Suppo
5. an alternative the higher capacity 8 bit BIBTEX in the form of a bibtex8 executable which IEEEtran bst is fully compatible with Users who encounter BIBTEX resource limitations should upgrade their BIBTEX installation More details on this topic can be found in 6 However command options may be needed to obtain the higher capacity e g bibtex8 H myfile Use bibtex8 help to list the possible options HOW TO USE THE IEEETRAN BIBTEX STYLE B Nonstandard Extensions Another related issue is that EEEtran bst provides exten sions beyond the standard BIBTEX entry types and fields These additional features are necessary for IEEE style work and were designed to closely follow the existing as well as probable future releases of the standard BIBTEX styles Nevertheless users should be aware that many current BIBTEX styles may not be compatible with BIBTEX databases that employ ad vanced features of IEEEtran bst BIBTgX will generate an error if it encounters a cited entry type that the style file does not support but unsupported fields within an entry will simply be ignored For this reason users are encouraged to keep all nonstandard entry types in a BIBTEX database bib file of their own The nonstandard IEEEtran bst entry types are 1 electronic which is used for internet references 2 patent which is used for patents 3 periodical which is used for journals and magazines and 4 stan
6. and number Upon even closer inspection one finds that Blue Book number four is actually a request for a standard So perhaps the best approach is to use the IEEEtran bst entry type for standards 68 VII THE IEEETRAN BST CONTROL ENTRY TYPE TEEEtran bst provides a very special entry type that can be used to externally control some aspects of the bibliography style By altering these controls a user can make adjustments in order to 1 compensate for minor variations in the typical bibliography styles of the various IEEE journals 2 tweak certain aspects of the produced bibliographies to better suit the particular taste of the author within the bounds of IEEE s standards and 3 provide a limited means to implement changes that might be desirable in certain types of non IEEE related work such as theses IEEEtran bst is not a universal style alterations beyond those described here are outside of the scope of IEEEtran bst s design Users are cautioned that changes to some of the controls can result in a bibliography style that is no longer compliant to TEEE s style In order to access the TEEEtran bst controls users must create an IEEEtranBSTCTL entry in one of their database bib files IEEEt ranBSTCTL IEEEexample BSTcontrol CTLuse_article_number ves CTLuse_paper ves CTLuse_forced_etal no CTLmax_names_forced_etal 10 CTLnames_show_etal 1 CTLuse_alt_spacing ves CTLalt_str
7. dayfiled monthfiled and yearfiled There is a slight complication because IEEE displays only one date for references of patents or patent applications IEEEtran bst looks for the presence of the year and yearfiled files If the year field is present the set pertaining to the date granted is used Otherwise IEEEtran bst uses the set pertaining to the date filed O Periodical EEEtran bst extension Supported fields editor title language series volume number organization month year note url The periodical entry type is used for journals and magazines 53 P Standard 1EEEtran bst extension Supported fields title language howpublished organization or institution type number revision address month year note url The standard entry type is used for formally published standards 54 For the name of the issuing entity either the organization or institution fields can be used based on whatever the preference of the issuing entity may be IEEE and thus IEEEtran bst does not display the address of the issuing organization institution but this information should be provided as other BIBTpX styles might The type field can be used to override the default description std while the optional revision field can be used to provide a revision number 55 author Working Draft Proposed Standard WO eg type revision Alternatively the misc entry type along with its howpub lished field can b
8. engineering IETF Draft 1999 L Roberts Enhanced proportional rate control algorithm PRCA ATM Forum Contribution 94 0735R1 Aug 1994 Advanced QoS services for the intelligent internet White Paper Cisco May 1997 PDCA12 70 data sheet Opto Speed SA Mezzovico Switzerland S Konyagin private communication 1998 SaberDesigner Reference Manual Analogy Inc Beaverton OR 1998 release 4 3 Ucb lbnl vint network simulator ns version 2 Online Available http www mash cs berkeley edu ns Messung von St rfeldern an Anlagen und Leitungen der Telekommu nikation im Frequenzbereich 9 kHz bis 3 GHz MeBvorschrift Reg TP MV 05 Regulierungsbeh rde fiir Telekommunikation und Post Reg TP K K Ramakrishnan and S Floyd A proposal to add explicit congestion notification ECN to IP RFC 2481 Jan 1999 Consulative Committee for Space Data Systems CCSDS Telemetry channel coding Blue Book no 4 1999 Online Available http www ccsds org documents pdf CCSDS 101 0 B 4 pdf Telemetry Channel Coding ser Blue Book Newport Beach CA CCSDS 1999 no 4 Online Available http www ccsds org documents pdf CCSDS 101 0 B 4 pdf Telemetry Channel Coding ser Blue Book No 4 Consulative Committee for Space Data Systems CCSDS Newport Beach CA 1999 Online Available http www ccsds org documents pdf CCSDS 101 0 B 4 pdf Telemetry Channel Coding ser Blue Bo
9. in question is a composition of articles from various conferences 31 For such use the differences between incollection and inproceedings are minor one distinctive sign is that with incollection the volume number appears after the date while with inproceedings it appears before To better support such use IEEEtran bst unlike the standard BIBTEX styles does not require a publisher field for incollection entries E Booklet Supported fields title howpublished organization address month year author language note url Booklet is used for printed and bound works that are not formally published IEEEtran bst formats titles of booklets like articles not like manuals and books A primary difference between booklet and unpublished is that the former is was distributed by some means Booklet is rarely used in IEEE bibliographies F Manual Supported fields author title language edition howpublished organization address month year note url Technical documentation is handled by the manual entry type 32 Note that the cited example places the databook part number with the title Perhaps a more correct approach would be to put this information into the howpublished field instead 33 However other BIBTEX styles will probably not support the howpublished field for manuals G Inproceedings Conference Supported fields author title intype booktitle language series editor volume number organiza
10. is directly related to the way BIBTpxX allows a reference to be cited multiple times yet still produces only one entry within the bibliography A BST Control Entry Fields Here is a brief description of each of the control entry fields CTLuse_article_number Setting this to no will turn off the display of the number field for articles yes enables This is useful for IEEE publications that tend not to show the number field for referenced articles but the user wishes to include the number field in the database entries Turning off the display of the number fields for articles can also help to give more consistent results if the database article entries are erratic in their inclusion of the number field The default value is yes CTLuse_paper Likewise setting this to no turns off the display of paper and type fields for inproceedings entries yes enables The default value is yes CTLuse_forced_etal Setting this to yes enables IEEE tran bst to automatically truncate a list of author names and force the use of et al if the number of authors in an entry exceeds a set limit no disables The default value is no CTLmax_names_forced_etal This value is the maximum number of names that can be present beyond which et al usage is forced if forced et al is enabled The default value is 10 CTLnames_show_etal The number if names that are shown with a forced et al
11. org tex ieeetran 4 O Patashnik 1988 Feb BIBT_Xing btxdoc pdf Online Available http www ctan org tex archive biblio bibtex contrib doc 5 N Markey 2005 Oct Tame the beast the b to x of BIBTEX Online Available http tug ctan org tex archive info bibtex tamethebeast 6 D Hoadley and M Shell 2007 Jan BIBTgX tips and FAQ btxFAQ pdf Online Available http www ctan org tex archive biblio bibtex contrib doc 7 R Fairbairns 2007 Jan The TeX FAQ http www tex ac uk cgi bin texfaq2html 8 K J Kim 2004 Apr A BIBTEX guide via examples bibtex_guide pdf Online Available http www geocities com kijoo2000 9 N H F Beebe 2006 Aug TeX user group bibliography archive Online Available http www math utah edu 8080 pub tex bib index table html 10 P W Daly 2006 Sep The natbib sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib natbib Online Available 11 D Arseneau 2005 Jun The url sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib misc 12 S Rahtz and H Oberdiek 2006 Nov The hyperref sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib hyperret 13 V C Neto 2006 Aug The breakurl sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib breakurl 14 J Braams 2005 Nov T
12. textsc will result in all of the author and editor names being rendered in the small caps font Because IEEE does not use a different font for names this control should not be used for work that is to be submitted to the IEEE The default is empty CTLname_url_prefix The prefix text used before URLs The default is Online Available Note that a space will be automatically inserted after this text If this space is not wanted just end the string with relax Do not alter this control for work that is to be submitted to the IEEE ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author would like to thank Laura Hyslop of the IEEE for her help with obtaining the definitions for the IEEE journal and magazine names and abbreviations Also deserving recog nition are Patrick W Daly for producing the makebst package from which algorithms were borrowed Howard Trickey Oren Patashnik Silvano Balemi and Richard H Roy for their work on earlier versions of IEEE BIBTpxX styles and Javier Bezos for his helpful suggestions on the implementation of the language field Oren also kindly reviewed the beta release and made many suggestions that improved the final version REFERENCES 1 M Shell 2007 IEEEtran webpage on CTAN Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib IEEEtran 2 2007 The IEEE website Online Available http www ieee org 3 M Shell 2007 IEEEtran homepage Online Available http www michaelshell
13. their personal directories but will then have to provide the path full or relative in addition to the filename when referring to them in IEX II USAGE TEEEtran bst is invoked using the normal I4TgX bibliography commands bibliographystyle IEEEtran bibliography IEEEabrv mybibfile String definition files must be loaded before any database files containing entries that utilize them so the file names within the bibliography command must be listed in a proper order In standard BIBTEX fashion new documents will require a BIEX run followed by a BIBTpX run and then two more IEX runs in order to resolve all of the references An additional series of runs will be required as citations are added to the document A Resource Requirements IEEE s bibliography style has several unique attributes that increase the complexity of BIBTEX styles that attempt to mimic it Because the primary design goal of ITEEEtran bst is to reproduce the IEEE bibliography style as accurately and as fully as possible IEEEtran bst will consume significantly more computation resources especially memory during execution than many other BIBTEX style files Most modern BIBTEX installations will be able to meet these demands without prob lem However some earlier BIBTpX platforms especially those running on the MS Windows operating system may be unable to provide the required memory space Such platforms often provide as
14. to escape URL characters in conjunction with url sty or hyperref sty as the url commands of these packages will retain the backslash as is in the formatted URL Users should be aware that version 1 5 and prior of url sty interacts with BIBTpX version 0 99c and prior in way that can result in the anomalous appearance of symbols within the URLs To avoid this problem be sure that the url sty used is at least version 1 6 If used hyperref sty should be at least version 6 70s 2000 08 31 for the same reason Finally users should be aware that hyperref hyperlinked text including URLs cannot normally be broken across lines or pages under DVI but not PDF output To get around this limitation use the breakurl sty package 13 with hyperref sty under DVI output Even with intelligent URL breaking formatting an entry with a URL can still pose challenges as URLs may contain HOW TO USE THE IEEETRAN BIBTEX STYLE long segments within which breaks are not possible or at least strongly discouraged In its publications IEEE deals with this problem by allowing the interword space to stretch more than usual To accomplish this IEEEtran bst automatically engages a super stretch feature for every entry that contains a URL The interword spacing within entries that contain URLs is allowed to stretch up to four times normal without causing underfull hbox warnings Reference 9 illustrates this feature Section VII discusses how users
15. G C Temes Eds Oversampling Delta Sigma Data Converters Theory Design and Simulation New York IEEE Press 1992 24 S M Metev and V P Veiko Laser Assisted Microtechnology 2nd ed R M Osgood Jr Ed Berlin Germany Springer Verlag 1998 25 J Breckling Ed The Analysis of Directional Time Series Applications to Wind Speed and Direction ser Lecture Notes in Statistics Berlin Germany Springer 1989 vol 61 26 H E Rose A Course in Number Theory New York NY Oxford Univ Press 1988 ch 3 27 B K Bul Theory Principles and Design of Magnetic Circuits Moscow Energia Press 1964 p 464 in Russian 28 W V Sorin Optical reflectometry for component characterization in Fiber Optic Test and Measurement D Derickson Ed Englewood Cliffs NJ Prentice Hall 1998 29 J B Anderson and K Tepe Properties of the tailbiting BCJR de coder in Codes Systems and Graphical Models ser IMA Volumes in Mathematics and Its Applications New York Springer Verlag 2000 30 P Hedelin P Knagenhjelm and M Skoglund Theory for transmission of vector quantization data in Speech Coding and Synthesis W B Kleijn and K K Paliwal Eds Amsterdam The Netherlands Elsevier Science 1995 ch 10 pp 347 396 31 R M A Dawson Z Shen D A Furst S Connor J Hsu M G Kane R G Stewart A Ipri C N King P J Green R T Flegal S Pearson W A Barrow E Dickey
16. HOW TO USE THE IEEETRAN BIBTEX STYLE How to Use the IEEEtran BIBTpX Style Michael Shell Member IEEE Abstract This article describes how to use the IEEEtran bst BIBTEX style file to produce bibliographies that conform to the standards of the publications of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Index Terms bibliography BIBTgX IEEE BIFX paper ref erences style template typesetting I INTRODUCTION HE JEEEtran bst BIBTpX style file described in this document can be used with BIBTpX to produce ISTEX bibliographies of high quality that are suitable for use in IEEE publications Other potential applications include thesis and academic work especially when such work is in the area of electrical and or computer engineering This document applies to version 1 12 and later of the IEEEtran BIBTEX style Prior versions do not have all of the features described here IEEEtran bst will display the version number on the user s console during execution The most recent version of this package can be obtained on CTAN 1 and may also be mirrored at various places within IEEE s website 2 Additional support may be found at the IEEEtran homepage 3 It is assumed that the reader has a basic understanding of the operation and use of BIBTEX Documentation for the use of BIBTEX includes the user s guide 4 as well as supplementary information such as a comprehensive tutorial 5 FAQs 6 7 and a guide
17. bib Same as above but contains the abbreviated form of the journal and magazine names Recommended for work that is to be submitted to the IEEE BIBTpx bst files can be accessed system wide when they are placed in the lt texmf gt bibtex bst directory where lt texmf gt is the root directory of the user s TEX installation Similarly system wide bib files IEEE full bib and IEEEabrv bib can be placed in lt texmf gt bibtex bib On systems that have a local texmf tree lt texmflocal gt which may be named texmf local or localtexm it may be advisable to install packages in lt texmflocal gt rather than lt texmf gt as the contents of the former unlike that of the latter are preserved after the TEX system is reinstalled and or upgraded 2007 Michael Shell Alternatively on teTE X Unix systems users can set the BSTINPUTS and BIBINPUTS environment variables to spec ify the search paths for bst and bib files respectively Similarly MiKTRX users can alter the Input Dirs path in the BibTRX section of the miktex ini configuration file On some TEX systems the directory look up tables will need to be refreshed after making additions or deletions to the system files For teT X and fpT X systems this is accomplished via executing texhash as root MiKTRX users can run initexmf u to accomplish the same thing Users not willing or able to install the files system wide can install them in
18. can control the amount of allowed stretch in entries with URLs Alternatively the default value of this stretch factor can be adjusted via a BIEX command which must be placed before the bibliography begins newcommand BIBentryALTinterwordstretchfactor 2 654 However these adjustment mechanisms are of limited use for reducing the stretch factor because doing so usually just results in underfull hbox warnings Another way to handle problem URLs is to configure url sty to allow more possible break points 2 The Language Field TYEEEtran bst supports an optional language field which allows alternate hyphenation patterns to be used for the title and or booktitle fields when these fields are in language other than the default For examples see Sections V N and VI C as they each contain a reference that uses the language field This feature is especially important for languages that alter the spelling of words based on how they are hyphenated Unlike some other BIBTEX style files the use of the Babel package is not required to use this feature In fact Babel sty should not be loaded with IEEEtran cls as the former can interfere with the latter However the names given in the language field must follow Babel s convention for the names of the hyphenation patterns See the Babel documentation for details 14 It is a TEX limitation that to be available for use a hyphen ation pattern must be loaded within a format file memory
19. common entry types before divulging into ones with more complex or obscure details A typical journal article entry looks like article IEEEexample article_typical author S Zhang and C Zhu and J K O Sin and P Ke Te Mok title A Novel Ultrathin Elevated Channel Low temperature Poly Si TFT journal IEEE_J_EDL volume 20 month nov year 1999 pages S695 71 which is shown as reference 15 Using an entry key prefix that is used only by the given database file IEEEexample in the above entry ensures that the entry key will remain unique even if multiple database files are used simultaneously Although initials are used for the first names here users are encouraged to use full names whenever they are known as TEEEtran bst will automatically abbreviate names as needed but BIBTEX styles that use full names will require them to be present Likewise it is a good idea to provide all the authors names rather than using and others to get et al 16 Sec tion VII describes how IEEEtran bst can be configured to force the use of et al if the number of names exceeds a set limit Within the title braces are used to preserve the capitaliza tion of acronyms The journal name is entered as a string that is defined in the IEEEabrv bib file Not only does this approach reduce the probability of spelling mistakes but it allows the user to instantly switch to full journal names b
20. d editor fields but IEEEtran bst does The standard BIBTgX way of entering edition numbers is in capitalized ordinal word form edition Second TEEEtran bst can automatically convert up to the tenth edition to the Arabic ordinal form e g 2nd that IEEE uses For editions over the tenth in references that are to be used in IEEE style bibliographies it is best to enter edition fields in the Arabic ordinal form e g 101st A book may also be part of a series and have a volume or number 25 C Inbook Supported fields author and or editor title language edition series address publisher month year volume number chapter type pages note url Inbook is used to reference a part of a book such as a chapter 26 or selected page s 27 The type field can be used to override the word chapter for which IEEE uses the abbreviation ch when the book uses parts sections etc instead of chapters type sec D Incollection Supported fields author title booktitle language edition series editor address publisher month year volume number chapter type pages note url Incollection is used to reference part of a book having its own title 28 Like book incollection supports the series 29 chapter and pages fields 30 Also the type field can be used to override the word chapter IEEE sometimes uses incollection somewhat like inproceed ings when the book
21. dard which is used for published standards The most important extensions to the supported fields will now be briefly mentioned 1 The URL Field Every entry type supports an optional URL entry field for documents that are available on the internet URLs will appear at the end of the bibliography entry and proceeded by the words Online Available as is shown in 1 IEEE does not place any punctuation at the end of a URL as this could be mistaken as being part of the URL URLs are notoriously difficult to break properly IEEEtran bst places all URL text within a url command so as to provide plug and play use with packages that provide such a command It strongly suggested that when using entries with URLs the popular IEX package url sty 11 is also loaded to provide some intelligence in URL line breaking Alternatively the hyperref sty package 12 also provides a hyperlinked u rl command which can work in conjunction with url sty Remember that unless a url handling package is loaded BIEX will require that special characters such as _ etc be escaped _ Failure to do so will result in compilation errors Oren Patashnik BIBTpX s author recommends that a URL package such as url sty be loaded so that URLs can be conveniently entered in natural unescaped form The u rl command of hyperref sty version 6 72y 2002 09 12 and later also does not require unescaped URL characters Note that it is not safe
22. e used to create references of standards 56 Q Misc Supported fields title howpublished organization address pages month author language year note url Misc is the most flexible type and can be used when none of the other entry types are applicable The howpublished field can be used to describe what exactly or in what form the reference is or appears as Note that IEEEtran bst unlike the standard styles also supports the organization address and pages fields Possible applications include technical report like entries that lack an institution 57 white papers 58 and data sheets 59 VI UNUSUAL TYPES OF REFERENCES A Private Communication Private communication entries can be created using the misc type with a note indicating private communication or personal correspondence etc 60 B Software Packages Because of the intangible nature of software it is recom mended that the user manual be what is actually referenced 61 For software that is primarily distributed online the electronic entry type may be a good choice 62 As a last resort the misc entry type can be employed C Laws and Regulations Legal documents and laws are probably best handled by the misc type 63 The howpublished field can handle the regulation number description while the organization field can carry the issuing body The cited example also uses the language field as it is written in German D Inte
23. etch_factor 4 CTLdash_repeated_names ves CTLname_format_string f 7 vv ll FIFE CTLname_latex_cmd CTLname_url_prefix Online Available The above example shows all of the available control fields and their default values Only the fields that need to be changed have to be listed in a control entry fields that are missing will not be altered The changes are activated by citing the control entry type in the user s tex file using a special cite command which is a modified version of nocite bstctlcite IEEEexample BSTcontrol This command is provided by the IEEEtran cls I4TpX class as well as by the IEEEtrantools sty package 1 Users using other class or package files will have to manually define the command in the preamble of their document makeatletter def bstctlcite ifnextchar bstctlcite bstctl cite auxout def bstctlcite 1 2 bsphack for citeb 2 do edef citeb expandafter firstofone citeb if filesw immediate write csname 1 endcsname s tring citation citeb fi esphack makeatother The source code of bstctlcite can also be found in the comments near the top of the IEEEtran bst file bstct1 cite also supports an optional argument to allow for the specification of an alternate auxiliary file This may be useful when using packages that produce multiple bibliographies such as multibib sty 69 usepackage multibib newcites sec Secondary
24. he babel package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex required babel 15 S Zhang C Zhu J K O Sin and P K T Mok A novel ultrathin elevated channel low temperature poly Si TFT IEEE Electron Device Lett vol 20 pp 569 571 Nov 1999 16 F Delorme et al Butt jointed DBR laser with 15 nm tunability grown in three MOVPE steps Electron Lett vol 31 no 15 pp 1244 1245 1995 17 R K Gupta and S D Senturia Pull in time dynamics as a measure of absolute pressure in Proc IEEE International Workshop on Micro electromechanical Systems MEMS 97 Nagoya Japan Jan 1997 pp 290 294 18 B D Cullity Introduction to Magnetic Materials Addison Wesley 1972 19 A Castaldini A Cavallini B Fraboni P Fernandez and J Piqueras Midgap traps related to compensation processes in CdTe alloys Phys Rev B vol 56 no 23 pp 14897 14900 1997 20 Y Okada K Dejima and T Ohishi Analysis and comparison of PM synchronous motor and induction motor type magnetic bearings IEEE Trans Ind Appl vol 31 pp 1047 1053 Sep Oct 1995 21 M Coates A Hero R Nowak and B Yu Internet tomography IEEE Signal Process Mag May 2002 to be published 22 N Kahale and R Urbanke On the minimum distance of parallel and serially concatenated codes JEEE Trans Inf Theory submitted for publication 23 J C Candy and
25. his parent child feature are cautioned that BIBTpX will automatically and without warning add a cross referenced entry to the end of the bibliography if the number of references using the cross reference is equal to or greater than min crossrefs Because such additional entries are unwanted in IEEE style users who employ cross referenced entries need to ensure that the cross referenced entries are not added to the bibliography The default value of min crossrefs on most BIBTgX systems is two Unfortunately this value is set when BIBTpX is compiled and cannot be altered within bst files However BIBTpX does offer a way to control it on the command line Therefore when using cross referenced entries users must remember to set min crossrefs to a large value greater than the number of bibliography entries when invoking BIBTEX bibtex min crossrefs 900 myfile Because cross referenced entries must always appear after any entries that refer to them it is recommended that the cross referenced entries be kept in separate bib file s so that they can be loaded after the other bib database files bibliography IEEEabrv mybibfile myxrefbibs IV EXAMPLES OF THE THREE MOST COMMONLY USED ENTRY TYPES Journal articles conference papers and books account for the vast majority of references in most IEEE bibliographies It may be helpful to the user to briefly illustrate a simple example of each of these
26. image and therefore cannot be loaded when running a tex file A list of available patterns is displayed on the console each time BIEX is started If a requested hyphenation pattern is not available the default will be used and a warning will be issued Users wishing to add hyphenation patterns will need to activate the desired ones in their lt texmf gt tex generic config language dat file and rebuild their IST X format file Adding hyphenation patterns does reduce the amount of memory available to TEX so it cannot be done with impunity Some languages may require a slightly different entry format than is done in English For example extra braces are needed to preserve the capitalization of the first letter of each word in German titles 2On teTEX Unix systems this can be accomplished simply by run ning fmtutil sys all or fmtutil all for pre teTpx 3 0 versions and fpTEX systems as root For MiKTEX users the command initexmf dump will do the trick 3 Expanded Use of the Howpublished Field The standard BIBTEX styles support the howpublished field for the booklet and misc entry types IEEEtran bst extends this to also include electronic manual standard and techreport The rational for doing this is because with these entry types there is often a need to explain in what form the given work was pro duced The additional information provided by howpublished is placed as given in normal font jus
27. nce between the two Finally a typical book entry looks like book IEEEexample book_typical author B D Cullity title Introduction to Magnetic Materials publisher Addison Wesley address Reading MA year 1972 which is shown as reference 18 One of the unusual attributes of IEEE bibliography references is that when formatting entries they precede the publisher address with a period and a larger than normal space V SUPPORTED ENTRY TYPES The fields that are recognized by each entry type are shown at the beginning of each of the subsections below A bold font indicates a required field while a slanted font is used to indicate fields that are extensions that may not be supported by the standard BIBTEX styles for the given entry type The reader is reminded that EEEexample bib file contains the actual BIBTpX entries that were used to make the references demonstrated here A Article Supported fields author title language journal volume number pages month year note url Another typical journal article is shown in 19 Because the referenced journal was not published by the IEEE the TEEEabrv bib file will not contain the needed string definition So the user will either have to make his her own supple mentary string definition file or enter the abbreviated journal name directly into the journal field See published IEEE bibliographies for examples of how to properly abbre
28. nd end2end interest 1990 mail V Valloppillil and K W Ross 1998 Cache array routing protocol v1 1 Internet draft Online Available http ds1 internic net internet drafts draft vinod carp v1 03 txt P Lehman 2007 Jan The biblatex package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex exptl biblatex D H Lorenz and A Orda 1998 Jul Optimal partition of QoS requirements on unicast paths and multicast trees Dept Elect Eng Technion Haifa Israel Online Available ftp ftp technion ac il pub supported ee Network lor mopq98 ps R E Sorace V S Reinhardt and S A Vaughn High speed digital to RF converter U S Patent 5668 842 Sep 16 1997 U Hideki Quadrature modulation circuit Japanese Patent 152 932 92 May 20 1992 F Kowalik and M Isard Estimateur d un d faut de fonctionnement d un modulateur en quadrature et tage de modulation l utilisant French Patent Request 9 500261 Jan 11 1995 IEEE Personal Commun Mag Special Issue on Wireless ATM vol 3 Aug 1996 54 56 57 58 59 61 62 63 64 65 66 68 69 70 HOW TO USE THE IEEETRAN BIBTEX STYLE Wireless LAN Medium Access Control MAC and Physical Layer PHY Specification IEEE Std 802 11 1997 Fiber Channel Physical Interface FC PI NCITS Working Draft Pro posed Standard Rev 5 2 1999 I Widjaja and A Elwalid MATE MPLS adaptive traffic
29. nts See the CTAN site 1 for the complete set of files IEEEtran_bst_HOWTO pdf This documentation IEEEtran bst The standard JEEEtran BIBTEX style file unsorted i e references will appear in the order in which they are cited Recommended for work that is to be submitted to the IEEE IEEEtranS bst The IEEEtran BIBTpX style file but with additional sorting code similar to that of plain bst which sorts the entries based on the names of the authors editors organizations etc Some IEEE conferences publications may allow use sorted bibliographies but the vast majority are unsorted IEEEtranSA bst Like TEEEtranS bst but with alphanu meric citation tags like alpha bst Not for normal IEEE use IEEEtranN bst Like IEEEtran bst but based on plainnat bst and is compatible with Patrick W Daly s natbib package 10 Not for normal IEEE use IEEEtransN bst Sorting version of IEEEtranN bst Not for normal IEEE use IEEEexample bib A BIBTgX database that contains the references shown in the references section of this document Users can copy the entries therein to serve as starting tem plates The entries also have comments which may be of additional help IEEEfull bib A file that contains a comprehensive set of BiBTpX string definitions for the full names of IEEE journals and magazines Because IEEE s bibliography style uses abbreviated journal names this file s intended use is for specialized or non IEEE related work IEEEabrv
30. ok No 4 Consulative Committee for Space Data Systems CCSDS Recommendation for Space Data System Standard 101 0 B 4 May 1999 Online Available http www ccsds org documents pdf CCSDS 101 0 B 4 pdf T Hansen 2004 Jan The multibib sty package Online Available http www ctan org tex archive macros latex contrib multibib O Patashnik 1988 Feb Designing BIBTEX styles btxhak pdf On line Available http www ctan org tex archive biblio bibtex contrib doc
31. omatic protection switching using trees presented at the Proc Int Conf Commun 1997 N C Loh High resolution micromachined interferometric accelerome ter Master s thesis Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge 1992 A Karnik Performance of TCP congestion control with rate feedback TCP ABR and rate adaptive TCP IP M Eng thesis Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Jan 1999 Q Li Delay characterization and performance control of wide area networks Ph D dissertation Univ of Delaware Newark May 2000 Online Available http www ece udel edu qli R Jain K K Ramakrishnan and D M Chiu Congestion avoidance in computer networks with a connectionless network layer Digital Equipment Corporation MA Tech Rep DEC TR 506 Aug 1987 J Padhye V Firoiu and D Towsley A stochastic model of TCP Reno congestion avoidance and control Univ of Massachusetts Amherst MA CMPSCI Tech Rep 99 02 1999 D Middleton and A D Spaulding A tutorial review of elements of weak signal detection in non Gaussian EMI environments Na tional Telecommunications and Information Administration NTIA U S Dept of Commerce NTIA Report 86 194 May 1986 T J Ott and N Aggarwal TCP over ATM ABR or UBR unpublished V Jacobson 1990 Apr Modified TCP congestion avoidance algorithm end2end interest mailing list Online Available ftp ftp isi edu end2e
32. rnet RFCs Internet Request For Comments RFC documents are usually handled via the misc entry type 64 The howpub lished field can contain the RFC number Because of the online nature of RFCs it is a good idea to provide a URL field if at all possible Alternatively RFCs can be handled as electronic entry types albeit with less portability under other bst files E Other References When dealing with a reference that does not fit into any of the categories of the previous examples the best strategy is to use the closest one that fits If that fails fall back on the misc entry type Sometimes the most difficult step is determining what a par ticular reference actually is Consider 65 which appeared in an IEEE journal Now from the appearance of this reference one could conclude that what is being cited is an article that appeared in a journal called Blue Book However CCSDS s Blue Books are actually a series of books number four of which is what is being referenced So it might be better to use the book entry type with a series field 66 Also note in this reference how IEEE replaces author names that are identical to the previous reference with a long dash But using the author field for organizations is not a good practice Therefore the manual entry type which provides an organization field and does not require an author might be even better 67 The howpublished field is used for the Blue Book series
33. rted fields author title language assignee address nationality type number day dayfiled month monthfiled year or yearfiled note url Patents are supported by IEEEtran bst The nationality field provides a means to handle patents from different countries 50 51 nationality United States or nationality Japanese Note that with the exception of the U S the word for the nationality of a patent is not usually the same as the word for the country that issued the patent The nationality for a U S patent can be entered either as U S or United States TEEEtran bst will automatically detect and convert the latter form to U S as is done by IEEE The nationality should be capitalized The assignee and address of the assignee fields are not used by IEEE or IEEEtran bst However they are provided and proper values should be assigned to them if known for all patent entries as other BIBTpX styles may use them The type field provides a way to override the patent description with other patent related descriptions such as patent application or patent request 52 type Patent Request In order to provide full support for both patents and patent applications two sets of date fields are provided One set pertains to the date the patent was granted day month and HOW TO USE THE IEEETRAN BIBTEX STYLE year the other pertains to the date the patent application was filed
34. t after the title or booktitle if used of the entry IEEE exploits this feature most often for electronic ref erences but it has application with any entry whose exact form would be unclear without additional information unlike optional notes which tend to be more by the way in nature See Section V for more details C The BIBdecl Command Hook IEEEtran bst generated bibliographies feature a command hook BIBdec1 that is executed just prior to the first item in the bibliography list This hook can be used to modify the default behavior of an existing bibliography environment For example newcommand BIBdecl bfseries setlength ite msep 1 baselineskip plus 0 1 baselineskip min us 0 1 baselineskip bibliographystyle IEEEtran bibliography IEEEabrv mybibfile will result in a bibliography that is set in bold with entries that are spaced with an extra blank line assuming they were single spaced to begin with D Use With Cross referenced Entries IEEE bibliographies do not normally contain references that refer to other references Therefore I EEEtran bst does not format entries that use cross references via the crossref field any differently from entries that don t Nevertheless it does allow the entries using the crossref field to silently inherent any missing fields from their respective cross referenced entries in the standard BIBTpX manner However users who take advantage of t
35. tion address publisher month year paper type pages note url References of papers in conference proceedings are handled by the inproceedings or conference entry types These two types are functionally identical and can be used interchange ably If desired the days of the conference can be added to the month via the BIBTEX concatenation operator 34 month dec 5 9 Although not common with conference proceedings the volume and number fields are also supported 35 Note that unlike the other entry types IEEE places such information prior to the date From IJEEE s viewpoint the location and date of the conference may form the dividing point between information related to identifying which proceedings and information that pertains to the location of the information referenced therein pages etc TEEEtran bst supports a paper field a nonstandard exten sion for paper numbers 36 paper 11 3 4 The type field can be used to override the default paper type paper 37 type postdeadline paper Section VII describes how these extensions can be disabled if desired for journals with bibliographies that tend not to display such information while allowing the user to retain such information in the database entries for those journals that do There are events that happen during conferences that may not be in the written proceedings record speeches etc Sometimes it is necessar
36. using practical examples 8 The large collection of sample bibliographies and string definitions at the TEX User Group Bibliography Archive may also be of help 9 General support for BIBTEX related questions can be obtained in the usenet newsgroup comp text tex Note that the references section of this document is used for two purposes 1 to provide information where additional information can be found and 2 to provide examples of references created using the IEEEtran BIBTpX style The first few citations above fall into the first category while the vast majority of the citations that follow will serve as examples and are not meant to be actually referred to Hopefully it will be clear from context which way a particular reference is used II INSTALLATION The IEEEtran BIBTgX package consists of the following files Note that the IEEEtran packages from IEEE s website Manuscript created on June 20 2002 revised January 11 2007 This work is distributed under the IATRX Project Public License LPPL http www latex project org version 1 3 A copy of the LPPL version 1 3 is included in the base ATEX documentation of all distributions of IATEX released 2003 12 01 or later The opinions expressed here are entirely that of the author No warranty is expressed or implied User assumes all risk See http www michaelshell org for current contact information may not carry the non IEEE compliant natbib compatible etc varia
37. viate the journal name at hand Note also how IEEE uses small spaces to divide page and other numbers with five digits or more into groups of three As mentioned previously the display of the number field for articles can be controlled see Section VII Sometimes it is desirable to put extra information into the month field such as the day or additional months 20 This is accomplished by using the BIBTgX concatenation operator Bie month sep oct HOW TO USE THE IEEETRAN BIBTEX STYLE 1 Articles Pending Publication Articles that have not yet been published can be handled as a misc type with a note 21 misc IEEEexample TBPmisc author M Coates and A Hero and R Nowak and B Yu title Internet Tomography howpublished IEEE_M_SP month may year 2002 note to be published date information is optional or they can be handled as an article type with the pending status in the year field 22 article IEEEexample TBParticle author N Kahale and R Urbanke title On the Minimum Distance of Parallel and Serially Concatenated Codes journal IEEE_J_IT year submitted for publication B Book Supported fields author and or editor title language edition series address publisher month year volume number note url Books may have authors 18 editors 23 or both 24 Note that the standard BIBTEX styles do not support book entries with both author an
38. y to reference such things For these occasions IEEEtran bst supports the intype field a nonstan dard extension which can override the word in in the reference 38 intype presented at the Note that when using intype the booktitle field is no longer italicized because the book that contains the written conference record is no longer what is being referred to H Proceedings Supported fields editor title language series volume number organization address publisher month year note url It is rare to need to reference an entire conference proceed ings but if necessary the proceedings entry type can be used to do so I Mastersthesis Supported fields author title language type school address month year note url Master s or minor theses can be handled with the master sthesis entry type 39 The optional type field can be used to override the words Master s thesis if a different designation is desired 40 type M Eng thesis J Phdthesis Supported fields author title language type school address month year note url The phdthesis entry type is used for Ph D dissertations major theses 41 Like mastersthesis the type field can be used to override the default designation K Techreport Supported fields author title language howpublished institution address number type month year note url Techreport is used for technical reports 42
39. y using the IEEEfull bib definitions instead not for use with work to be submitted to the IEEE In like fashion the month is entered as a standard BIBTpxX three letter code so that the month format can automatically be controlled by the string macro month name definitions provided within every bst file It is generally a good idea to also provide the journal number but many journal article references in IEEE publi cations do not show the number Section VII discusses how the user can configure IEEEtran bst to ignore journal numbers for articles A typical paper in a conference proceedings entry looks like inproceedings IEEEexample conf_typical author R K Gupta and S D Senturia title Pull in Time Dynamics as a Measure of Absolute Pressure booktitle Proc IEEE International Workshop on Microelectromechanical Systems MEMS 97 3For reference these are jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov and dec HOW TO USE THE IEEETRAN BIBTEX STYLE address Nagoya Japan month jan year 1997 pages 290 294 which is shown as reference 17 IEEE typically prepends Proc to the conference name when forming the booktitle field booktitle Proc ECOC 99 ITEEEtran bst does not do this automatically as it may not be appropriate for every conference The conference entry type is also available as an alias for inproceedings There is no functional differe
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