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SIR System 2 - Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc.

1. n0ann0nnnonnnnnnnnnnnnenseonesonesnsensseessensseessnoesnsessseese 53 CHAPTER 8 SYSTEM OPERATIONS csscssssscsssssssscssscsssssssssscssscsessossessessesons 57 8 1 Setting The System Date amp Time Clock To Your Local Time eee eeeeeeeees 57 8 2 Procedure To Upgrade The Operating System Software eee eee eeseeeeeeeneeeeeeees 57 8 3 Hard Disk MamtenanCe lt 22 cuci cree ed ee Oe ee e 59 CHAPTER 9 AUTOMATIC OPERATION sessesseseesossesossossessosoesossossesossossesoosossessoso 61 9 1 DA TACCOLLEC TION ssrin E EA vei Saissh dav ails dnc calls GEE ER 61 92 DATA PAY CI arises a e de stata a a ah stir aa 62 APPENDIX A CONTENTS OF THE PARAMETER SETUP FILEG 000 63 A 1 Brief Description Of Pre Loaded Setups escecscecseeseccesseecoetecceenseecenteseensese 63 A 2 Common setup parameters independent of antenna used 0 eee eeeeeereeeneeeees 64 A 3 Setup parameters dependent on antenna to be used sseeeseeeeeeeeereerrereeserererrersees 65 APPENDIX B SELECTING THE PROPER ANTENNA eesesssssessossesessossesessossosseseo 79 APPENDIX C SIR SYSTEM 2 SPECIFICATIONS cscsscsssssscssescseesssesssesones 81 APPENDIX D LIST OF NOTES AND CAUTIONS esseseesossesessossessossesoesossesossossesoe 83 MIND DD CARE E E AEEA EA N A AE 91 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 How to Use This Manual This manual is designed for both experienced and novice users of Subsurface
2. SETUP MENU BLOCKS When the system is first turned ON it is in Setup Mode When in the SETUP MAJOR MENU block pressing the Collect Playback amp button cycles through the major menu blocks COLLECT SETUP and PLAYBACK SETUP and the Current System Parameters screen Figure 2 1 Collect Playback Setup Setup Current System Parameters Cycling through the major menu blocks when in Setup Mode by repeatedly pressing the Collect Playback key FIGURE 2 1 COLLECT DATA AND PLAYBACK DATA MENU BLOCKS To put the system in Data Mode press the Run Standby Qa key This will start the system collecting data Note By default the data will be stored in RAM It will only be stored on the hard disk if you turn disk output ON See Section 3 2 3 In the Data Mode pressing the Collect Playback button cycles through the major menu blocks COLLECT DATA and PLAYBACK DATA the current system parameters screen and then the COLLECT SETUP MENU BLOCK Figure 2 2 11 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Data Data Collection Playback y Current System Parameters Cycling through the major menu blocks when in Run Mode by repeatedly pressing the Collect Playback key FIGURE 2 2 To return the system to SETUP mode select GO TO SETUP from the first menu column NOTE When the SIR 2 is first turned ON it is in Setup Mode To put the syst
3. COLOR TABLE This parameter is only used when Display Linescan This parameter sets the color or gray scale table to be used to display the data There are 15 possible Color Tables from which to choose The Enter e key is used to toggle through the color table choices The active Color Table is shown in the upper right hand corner of the SIR 2 screen Each color table consists of 16 color bins eight colors to represent increasing positive amplitudes and eight colors to represent increasing negative amplitudes Each data point in a scan depending upon its amplitude value is represented by a color or gray scale For example using Color Table 2 low data amplitudes will show as black high positive amplitudes as white and high negative amplitudes as gray Thus each scan results in a vertical line of colored or gray shaded dots on the SIR 2 screen As each scan is collected by the system the screen fills with vertical colored or grayscale lines to generate an image profile of the subsurface The Linescan Color display is the best for most applications and especially good to identify buried point targets ex drums voids pipes The Linescan Grayscale display is good to identify buried pipes COLOR XFORM This parameter only used when Display Linescan This parameter sets the Color Xform i e Transform to be when displaying data There are 8 possible Color Transforms from which to choose The Enter e key is used to change
4. Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Unpacking Your System Thank you for purchasing a GSSI SIR System 2 from now on referred to as SIR 2 A packing list is included with your shipment that identifies all of the items that are in your order You should check your shipment against the packing list upon receipt of your shipment If you find an item is missing or damaged during shipment please call or fax your sales representative immediately so that we can correct the problem Your SIR 2 contains the following items 1 Digital Control Unit DC 2 1 Antenna control cable 1 DC Power cable SIR 2 power connector on one end and a cigarette lighter plug on the other end 1 Power Connector Adapter Cigarette lighter socket on one end and a GSSI three pin power connector on the other end 1 Upgrade adapter cable keyboard and serial port cable 1 Serial null modem cable 9 pin to 9 pin cable 1 DC 2 padded carrying case with sunshade 1 SIR System 2 Operation Manual 1 PC operating system software MS DOS If you purchased some the following available optional items they will also be included Portable Battery Kit DPU 5400 Thermal Printer 1 2 General Description The SIR 2 is a lightweight portable single channel general purpose ground penetrating radar system The various components of the DC 2 control unit are briefly described below The major external components of the cont
5. keys to input a value In the DATA COLLECTION MENU RANGE to 3 meters in half meter steps GAIN 10 to 10 dB DIELECTRIC 0 to 99 as this value is increased the time scale on the oscilloscope display also increases to a maximum of about 70ns RESISTIVITY 0 to 9999 If you do not know this value for the material you are scanning set to zero ENCODER ON or OFF Y AXIS TIME or DEPTH In the OUTPUT MENU DISK ON or OFF DISPLAY COLOR or GRAY PRINTER ON or OFF FILE NAME assigned by system when DISK is turned ON otherwise RAM Once you have chosen your operating parameters you can put the system into data acquisition mode by pressing the Run Standby key If the disk is turned OFF a courtesy check will appear asking you if you want to start data collection with the disk output OFF and allows you to reply Cancel or OK If you select OK the system will start scanning and the output will go to RAM The upper left side of the screen shows the linescan image of the radar profile being collected the upper right shows an oscilloscope image of the reflected radar signal and the bottom of the screen shows the current system 61 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 parameters If your data file exceeds the memory limits of RAM 16 MB the first part of the record will be written over by data currently being recorded Pressing the Run Standby Ca key at this time will put the system into Standby and a c
6. Move the cursor using the Right J and Left arrow keys until it is on the first left most scan of the block of data you want to print Press the Down arrow key to select the beginning of the block Now using the Right gt arrow key move 46 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 the cursor until it is on the last right most scan of the block of data you wish to print As you move the cursor a cross hatched diagonal highlight box will appear over the data that you select Press the Up WJarrow key to input the end of the block you are interested in Press the Print key to print the selected data block or use the Dump To File command to save the selected block into its own file If Disk On is selected data will be stored to the file with name FILENAME L a letter A Z will be appended to the original file name otherwise a new file name with one higher number than the last file name will be created Press the Enter e key to exit the Select Block function DUMP TO FILE This command enables you to save a selected block to a separate data file After a block of data has been selected highlight the Dump To File command and press Enter DROP MENU This command will cause the command menu to disappear allowing the bottom of the data to be viewed GO TO SETUP When the system is in the Collect Data Mode selecting this command will put the system in the collect setup mode When the system is in the Playba
7. antenna on the beginning of the line 4 Activate the Autocalibrate function by pressing the Enter ke key and then the Run Standby key 5 Move the antenna over the survey calibration line very slowly less than 0 5meters 1 5ft per second until the middle of the antenna reaches the end of the survey calibration line 6 When finished calibrating press the Run Standby Ca key to end the calibration 7 Your survey wheel is now calibrated and ready for use UNITS Use the Enter key to select the survey units Meters or Feet DISTANCE Enter the distance of the survey wheel calibration line The distance should be at least 50 of the longest line in the survey to be performed TICK UNIT If you know the number of electronic ticks per meter or feet that your survey wheel will send to the SIR 2 system you can enter the number here With this number it is not required to calibrate the survey wheel We strongly recommend using the Autocalibrate function instead of entering a tick unit value because ground conditions change and when the system is Autocalibrated it will take this into account to some extent DISCRETE DATA POINT DATA COLLECTION METHOD When the Run Mode is set to Point the parameter Stat Stack appears in the third column When in Point Mode data is collected a predetermined number of scans per survey station i e every time the Run Standby Ea key is pressed another number of scans are collected This mode is use
8. clock set 55 clr proc 40 collect 34 collect data 11 33 34 46 collect setup 8 9 10 11 15 46 collect playback key 10 color table 29 42 color table 2 29 color xform 29 42 compress 49 concrete surveys 18 continuous data collection standby 33 starting 33 stopping 33 cursor 22 34 45 data acquisition method sw survey wheel 17 cont continuous 17 point 17 data acquisition parameters 20 data collection continuous 17 data collection discrete data point 19 36 data collection preparation 33 data collection survey wheel 17 36 data playback 39 decibels db 39 deep stratigraphic surveys 18 defrag 57 delete 50 diel 30 43 dir 18 disk 27 41 display 28 42 display mode 16 display parameters 44 display wiggle and o scope 30 distance 19 do compress 49 drop menu 36 46 dump to file 35 46 endp 35 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc enter key 10 estimating depth 22 file compression 49 files deleting 50 files selecting for playback 44 files transferring 50 filters 40 filters command auto 24 filters command manual 24 full 45 gain 22 23 39 84 gain parameter auto 22 gain parameter manual 22 gain points 23 gains values too low 16 go to setup 12 36 46 green light 8 green light flashing 7 ground surface reflection 15 GSSI antenna cables old 7 GSSI battery pack 4 hard disk 27 hard disk maintenance 57 hard
9. for details see Section 5 2 As the data is played back it will be transferred to the computer The transferred data files will contain any playback processing applied 7 3 2 Secondary Transfer Method The SIR 2 also has the capability to transfer data to a computer via the computer s serial port However because serial transfer takes twice as long as parallel data transfer and the setup is more complicated we strongly recommend using the parallel port as the primary method of data transfer If your office computer does not have a bi directional parallel port we recommend obtaining one as soon as possible rather than relying on the serial transfer method Many laptop computers do not have a bi directional parallel port and cannot have one installed and in this case it is necessary to use the serial data transfer method The procedure for serial data file transfer is as follows You will be using the standard MS DOS v6 2 functions INTERLNK and INTERSVR to transfer data from the SIR 2 to your computer Should you have any trouble with this procedure please refer to your MS DOS manuals included with your system All data files on the SIR 2 are stored in the directory D SIR_DATA COMMON The following procedure should be used to transfer files This is an abbreviated version and more complete documentation can be found in the MS DOS manual Your computer must be operating under MS DOS v6 2 or higher Using the SIR 2 upgrade adapter cabl
10. marks every 5 meters DIR This is the direction of the survey wheel rotation If it rotates clockwise when viewed from the same side as the encoder choose Forward counterclockwise choose Reverse If you are unsure try setting this first to forward and if you do not get a system response when calibrating the survey wheel set it to reverse When the survey wheel is calibrated the direction is automatically sensed and set to the appropriate direction i e same direction as calibration run After calibration the wheel direction will be automatically sensed by the system increasing survey efficiency and making tasks such as pipe location easier NOTE The Survey Wheel must be calibrated at your survey site before use SURVEY WHEEL CALIBRATION Survey wheel calibration is done by selecting the command SW Calibr A list of survey wheel calibration commands will then appear in the right column AUTO CALIBR You must calibrate the survey wheel before each survey You should perform the following steps to autocalibrate the survey wheel for your site 1 Choose a survey wheel calibration line that is at least 50 as long as your maximum survey line Enter the distance of the survey calibration line in the distance parameter 18 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 2 Select the survey units either meters or feet 3 Set the antenna at the beginning of your survey calibration line with the middle of the
11. 2 control unit can operate in dusty humid or foggy environments but it should not be deliberately subjected to direct rain or immersed in water Turning the system so that the screen does not directly face the sun and using the sun shade will make the data easier to view in bright sunlight The screen on the SIR 2 is plastic and susceptible to scratching Reasonable care should be exercised in protecting the screen from sharp objects which may scratch it Do not use 5 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 harsh chemicals to clean the screen We recommend using a soft cloth dampened with clean water 6 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 CHAPTER 2 BASICS OF SYSTEM OPERATION 2 1 Hardware Connections Only two simple connections need to be made before you can start the system 1 The male end of the antenna control cable should be connected to the antenna connector on the SIR 2 control unit The 11 pin connector at the other end of the control cable should be connected to a GSSI antenna Because the control cable connector on the SIR 2 is different older GSSI antenna cables will not connect directly to the control unit You will need to connect the antenna cable provided with your SIR 2 system to the control unit and connect older GSSI antenna cables to that cable by connecting a cable adapter between the two cables NOTE If you are going to playback data it is preferable not to con
12. SIR 2 Date __ Rev Revision DRN CKD APPD 6 94 Released TPH CT KAV SRH ae a ee eee eee eee o 94 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 GSSI USER MANUAL COMMENT SHEET Please note below any suggestions for improvement or any errors found in this manual Return this form to Paul Hague Geophysical Survey Systems Inc 13 Klein Drive North Salem NH 03073 0097 MANUAL TITLE VERSION NUMBER COMMENTS THANK YOU FOR YOUR HELP 95 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 96 Manual MN72 140A
13. at fixed intervals This is the most accurate survey method Start collecting data by pressing the Run Standby akey or a marker connected to your antenna Start pulling the antenna along the survey line and data will begin to appear on the screen If you stop pulling the antenna data will stop being collected DO NOT BACK UP the antenna because this will cause your survey distance to be incorrect Continue pulling the antenna until the end of the survey line To stop collecting data at the end of a survey line press the Run Standby key The system will now be in standby mode and the data for that line can be reviewed To close the data file and start another line press the Run Standby Ga key and hold it down for 2 seconds To stop collecting data from the antenna marker press and hold the Marker button for 2 seconds and close the data file The system is now ready to collect the next file NOTE If the system speaker sounds a continuous BEEPing sound while collecting data with a survey wheel you are pulling the antenna too fast Either slow down your rate of acquisition decrease the Scans Unit value in the survey wheel setup or increase the scan rate in Collect Data Setup 4 4 Discrete Data Point Data Collection Method There are certain field situations where the continuous mode data collecting method is not practical and it is only possible to collect data with the point by point method Two such situations are data collection
14. input value is number of Scans This is an IIR infinite impulse response running average subtraction filter The filter works by taking an average of the data and subtracting the average from each scan The smaller the selected filter value the more effect the filter has This filter is best used in playback when looking for point targets and there are significant horizontal noise bands Use the Cursor to measure the width in terms of the number of scans of the largest point target and set the Hor Bkgr RM filter to this value The filter will remove all horizontal banding that is equal to or longer than the set value of this parameter provided there is no change in amplitude or depth of these horizontal signals SCAN This menu item sets the parameters of the data scans These parameters are samples scan bits sample and scans second Sean can be set to Auto automatic or Manual using the Enter ke key When in Auto Mode the parameters are automatically set by the system The samples scan will be set to 512 the bits sample to 8 and the scans second to 32 unless factory setups have been chose In this case the samples scan and bits sample may differ When in Manual Mode the parameters samples scan bits sample and scans second appear in the third column The user can now manually set these parameters SAMP SCAN This parameter sets the number of data samples in a vertical scan When it is highlighted a fourth column appears which a
15. occurs and more data will be removed by the filter This also is a three pole IIR filter This filter MUST always be set when collecting data The Hor Smooth horizontal smoothing process filters the data horizontally eliminating random noise and smoothing the data This is an IIR running average filter and can help emphasize continuous layers When this parameter is highlighted a fourth column appears The input value is number of Scans This filter is normally set to a value of 3 As the filter value is increased more smoothing occurs and smaller targets are smoothed out of the data If conducting rebar or utility 24 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 surveys this filter should be set no greater than 5 If you are looking for very small objects in the near subsurface like wire mesh reinforcing in concrete you should turn this filter off by setting it to zero For subsurface layer mapping the value of this parameter may be increased but is normally less than 20 HOR BKGR RM The Hor Bkgr RM horizontal background removal filter is used to improve the recognition of small targets and dipping reflectors This process filters the data horizontally by removing horizontal noise bands and reflecting layers This filter SHOULD NOT be used in Data Collection Mode because it removes the surface reflection and any other real horizontal reflections When this parameter is highlighted a fourth column appears The
16. output setup commands appear in the second column Pressing the Enter e key when Output is highlighted will have no effect PRINT This function turns the print output ON or OFF by pressing the Enter e key When it is turned ON a third column of printer control commands appears DISK Disk ON writes the playback file to the hard drive and appends a letter to the filename each time the file is saved XFER See Section 7 3 1 PRINTER Use this command to select the printer you will be using to print the data The Enter key is used to toggle between two selections the OYO Model GS 608P 8 thermal plotter and the Seiko Model DPU5400 4 thermal plotter Make sure the printer cable is connected and the printer turned ON before selecting the printer The maximum real time scan rate when printing is 32 scans sec HORIZONTAL ZOOM This parameter stretches the data printout in the horizontal direction The possible values are 1 2 3 or 4 and the Enter e key is used to change the value A value of 1 means that each scan of a data file is printed as one scan on the printer A value of 2 means that each scan of a file is output as 2 duplicate scans on the printer A value of 3 means that each scan of file is output as 3 scans on the printer and a value of 4 means 4 scans are printed for each scan in a data file When in Linescan Mode the DPU5400 and the GS 608P print 200 and 203 scans per inch respectively The SIR 2 video display dis
17. section of the amplitude scale observed When Scale is set to 1 the full amplitude scale is shown When Scale 2 only the bottom 50 of the amplitude scale is shown When Scale 3 only the bottom 30 of the amplitude scale is shown etc Increasing the Scale parameter allows one to progressively zoom in on the scan HOR SCALE This parameter controls the horizontal scale labeling when in O Scope Display mode The horizontal scale can be set to Time Depth or None If None is selected no horizontal scale will be printed in wiggle display time lines will be printed in O Scope display If set to Time the horizontal scale will be two way travel time in nanoseconds If set to Depth the horizontal scale will be in meters below the surface Note that the depth scale is only approximate based on the assumed dielectric constant of the subsurface See the Diel parameter help for details 44 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 SPACE The spacing parameter determines how many vertical line spaces to skip before printing the next wiggle The higher the spacing value the larger the spacing between wiggles This function will have the effect of lengthening a radar profile STACK Stacking refers to the number of incoming scans to stack add for print and display purposes only Stacking does not apply to the recorded data For example setting Stack 4 will stack 4 incoming scans into one 1 output scan for printing an
18. to hang up during the power up sequence disconnect the printer or parallel data transfer cable 49 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 50 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Chapter 7 File Operations Compress Delete amp Transfer In order to keep the SIR 2 disk working efficiently during data collection it is important to effectively manage the disk files Data file compression decompression deletion and transfer to a computer are accessed from the Files command in the first column of the PLAYBACK SETUP MENU block or the COLLECT SETUP MENU block NOTE If you wish to compress delete or transfer all the disk files or a majority of the files you should first activate the Select All command at the bottom of the second column of the File commands 7 1 File Compression To Save Disk Space Compression commands are accessed from the Files command in the first column of the PLAYBACK SETUP MENU block or the COLLECT SETUP MENU block COMPRESS Compress data files to save room on the data storage disk or to make them smaller for data transfer When the highlight bar is moved to this command two compression commands appear in the third column Method and Do Compress METHOD There are four possible compression methods 16 8 16 bit data resample to 8 bit data Resamp saves every other data sample Rescan saves every other data scan and Stat variable 4 16 bit res
19. 4 32 48 512 16 24 32 1024 16 24 2048 16 The normal setting is 32 scans second When surveying on foot at approximately 1 meter 3 feet per second a setting of 32 scans second will result in a data scan about every 3 cm 1 inch along the ground surface If you wish to increase your scan density you should walk slower For example a walking pace of 60 cm 2 feet per second will result in a data scan approximately every 2 cm 1 inch along the ground surface Often for large scale surveys i e bedrock mapping a coarser horizontal sampling is desired ex scans every 20 cm 8 inch In such cases the scans second value can be lowered to 24 or 16 This will result in smaller files saving disk space and speeding up data transfer and post processing Sometimes surveys are done pulling antennas with a vehicle at a higher rate of speed ex 2 5 meters 6 15 ft per second If a setting of 32 scans second does not provide adequate horizontal sampling you may increase the scans second setting to 48 or 64 Note that scans second settings of 48 and 64 are generally only available when the samples scan are set to 128 or 256 3 2 3 Setup Of Disk Printer And Display Output Parameters OUTPUT When this command is highlighted the Output Setup commands appear in the second column Pressing the Enter e key when Output is highlighted will have no effect DISK The hard drive storage device can be operated by highlighting the word Disk in the m
20. 500MHz 300MHz 0 9m 0 30ft 300MHz 100MHz 0 20m 0 60ft MLF 100MHz 0 gt 20m 0 gt 60ft MLF 100MHz Best GSSI antennas to use for a given depth range of investigation TABLE B1 79 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 80 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 APPENDIX C SIR SYSTEM 2 SPECIFICATIONS Hardware RADAR PROCESSOR Motorola DSP 56002 CPU 80486DX RAM MEMORY IDE INTERNAL HARD DRIVE DISPLAY 21cm color active matrix LCD VGA for real time display 640 x 480 pixels INPUTS OUTPUTS Antenna Input including survey wheel 12VDC Power Input pees cable includes Keyboard PC AT compatible and RS 232 connectors Fiber Optic Transmit Trigger Parallel Connector Audible Warning Beeper speaker LED Indicators 2 Power 1 hard drive PRINTER Optional thermal plotter for real time hard copy of wiggle trace or grayscale linescan data We RRR Ree Software DATA COLLECTION Continuous profile survey wheel controlled or stacking point collection modes DISPLAY MODE User selected color grayscale linescan wiggle trace or oscilloscope data formats Menus and system parameters RANGE GAIN Automatic or user selected range gain function prior to digitization for maximum system dynamic range DATA TRANSFER Through parallel port Serial transfer to laptop computers Electrical TRANSDUCER operates with any GSSI model transducer RANGE 6 3000 nanoseconds full scale user
21. DISK DRIVE 455MB 2 1 2 ST9655AG HARD DISK DRIVE 524MB 2 1 2 You can call GSSI 1 800 524 3011 to learn which hard drive was installed in your instrument Please have the serial no ready when you call 89 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 90 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc Index help key 9 10 100 MHz antenna 70 71 100 MHz antenna deep 62 100 MHz antenna high power 62 100 MHz antenna shallow 62 100 MHz antenna very high power 62 1000 MHz horn antenna 61 64 1000 MHz standard antenna 61 65 120 MHz standard antenna 70 120 MHz standard antenna deep 62 120 MHz standard antenna shallow 62 200 MHz antenna deep 62 200 MHz antenna shallow 62 2500 MHz horn antenna 61 63 2D grid 35 300 MHz antenna 69 300 MHz antenna deep 62 300 MHz antenna shallow 62 400 MHz antenna deep 61 400 MHz antenna shallow 62 500 MHz antenna deep 61 500 MHz antenna shallow 61 500 MHz dual power antenna 61 80 MHz folded bow tie antenna 62 900 MHz antenna 61 66 67 900 MHz antenna shallow 61 active item 12 antenna marker 36 applying gains amp filters 51 arrow diamond 10 auto calibr 18 automatic 17 automatic operation 59 battery voltage low 7 bedrock mapping 18 27 beeping sound 36 begin collecting data 16 bi directional parallel port 50 bits sample 26 borehole antenna 62 buried point targets 29 cautions 79 91 SIR 2
22. ETE ROADWAY AND RUNWAY EVALUATIONS 900 MHz antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 1m assuming a dielectric constant of 5 With an antenna traverse speed of approximately 32cm per second the horizontal sampling is 1 scan per cm Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 15ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 4 Vertical High Pass Filter 100 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 1800 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 4 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 68 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 900TAS 900 MHz antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 50cm assuming a dielectric constant of 5 With an antenna traverse speed of approximately 32cm per second the horizontal sampling is 1 scan per cm Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 8ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 4 Vertical High Pass Filter 100 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 1800 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 4 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 500D 500 MHz antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 5m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 100ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 1000 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 4 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 500S 500 MHz antenna Depth of view
23. FF Output Print OFF Output Display LINESCAN Display Color Table 2 Display Color Transform Dielectric Constant 0 Units Meters Screen Full 2D Grid OFF Playback Clear Processing 64 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 A 3 Setup parameters dependent on antenna to be used 2500HS This setup is for the 2500 MHz Horn antenna operated at high data acquisition speed Maximum data acquisition speed 80kph SOmph with a sample interval of 0 4m Depth of viewing window is approximately 60cm assuming a dielectric constant of 5 Data Collection Mode Survey Wheel Range 10ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 4 Vertical High Pass Filter 300 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 5000 MHz Scans per second 64 Horizontal Smoothing 0 scans Survey Interval 0 4m Distance Mark 50m Transmit Rate 64 KHz 2500HHR This setup is for the 2500 MHz Horn antenna for high horizontal resolution road evaluation Maximum data acquisition speed 11kph 7mph with a horizontal sample interval of every 1 cm Depth of viewing window is approximately 60cm assuming a dielectric constant of 5 Data Collection Mode Survey Wheel Range 10ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 4 Vertical High Pass Filter 300 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 5000 MHz Scans per second 64 Horizontal Smoothing 0 scans Survey Interval 5cm Distance Mark 5m Transmit Rate 64
24. Interface Radar SIR System 2 We recommend that all users read the entire manual This manual contains an index and glossary of terms for quick reference On screen help has also been provided for you To access this help section while operating the SIR 2 press the Help key 2 and an on screen help menu will appear The following captions will help the SIR 2 user focus on key points in this manual NOTE This section will highlight important messages that point out the SIR 2 s key features to help the user CAUTION This section will highlight important messages to help the user avoid processing pitfalls or fatal errors that could crash the system or result in the loss of data About this Manual Certain conventions are used in this manual where they refer to commands functions and menus e MENU NAMES will appear in small capital letters e Tools and Functions will appear with initial capital letters e Commands you choose from the menus will appear in bold with the first letter capitalized e Keys on the keyboard will appear in italics e Buttons and Icons will also appear in italics NOTE This manual assumes that you will have a SIR 2 available and in operation when reading this manual Help can be obtained on any command by pressing the Help 2 key for context sensitive help and then the Enter e key for general help 1 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 2 Manual MN72 140A
25. KHz 65 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 1000HS This setup is for the 1000 MHz Horn antenna at high data acquisition speed Maximum data acquisition speed 80kph SOmph Depth of viewing window is approximately 1m assuming a dielectric constant of 5 Data Collection Mode Survey Wheel Range 20ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 4 Vertical High Pass Filter 200 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 2000 MHz Scans per second 64 Horizontal Smoothing 0 scans Survey Interval 0 4m Distance Mark 50m Transmit Rate 64 KHz 1000 HHR This setup configures the 1000 MHz Horn antenna for high horizontal resolution road evaluation Horizontal sample interval every lcm Maximum data acquisition speed 11kph 7mph Depth of viewing window is approximately 1m assuming a dielectric constant of 5 Data Collection Mode Survey Wheel Range 20ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 4 Vertical High Pass Filter 200 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 2000 MHz Scans per second 64 Horizontal Smoothing 0 scans Survey Interval 5cm Distance Mark 5m Transmit Rate 64 KHz 66 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 1000TAD CONCRETE AND ROADWAY EVALUATION 1000 MHz standard antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 1m assuming a dielectric constant of 5 With an antenna traverse speed of approximately 32cm per second the
26. ON the system After power up both the green and red lights above the power button should be illuminated If the green light is dark and the system will not power ON you have inadequate input power Check your power source NOTE If the green light is dark and the system will not power ON you have inadequate input power Check your power source and connections between your power cables The SIR 2 will show a series of DOS messages during the start up sequence then e The SIR 2 Radar Control Unit opening screen will appear showing the version of the operating system software e At the bottom of the screen you are given the following choices press the Run Ga key for Automatic operation see Chapter 9 press the Enter e key for Standard operation At this point we will press the Enter e key and initiate Standard operation When the Enter e key is pressed the following message appears at the bottom of the screen Press the Left Arrow key for Previous Setup or the Right Arrow gt key for Stored Setups e Ifyou choose Stored Setups a list of system operating parameters setup files will be displayed on the screen Many of these files are GSSI custom files for easy setup of the various GSSI antennas For a description of the contents and selection of the various parameter setup files see Appendix A Use the Arrow G keys to highlight the name of the setup file you wish to recall Press the Enter e key to recall the setu
27. R 2 400S 300D 300S 200D 200S 120D 120S 100D 100S 100HP 100VHP 80MHz LF120CM LF240CM LF360CM LF480CM LF600CM BH120 BH300 400 MHz antenna shallow viewing depth Range set at 60ns High resolution for utility detection 300 MHz antenna deep viewing depth Range 300 ns 300 MHz antenna shallow viewing depth Range 150 ns 200 MHz antenna deep viewing depth Range 300ns 200 MHz antenna shallow viewing depth Range 150 ns 120 MHz standard antenna deep viewing depth Range 400 ns 120 MHz standard antenna shallow viewing depth Range 200 ns 100 MHz antenna normal transmitter power deep viewing Range 500 ns 100 MHz antenna normal transmitter power shallow viewing Range 250 ns 100 MHz antenna with high power transmitter Range 500 ns 100 MHz antenna with very high power transmitter Range 500 ns 80 MHz folded bow tie antenna Range 1000 ns Low Frequency antenna 1 2m length Range 250 ns Low Frequency antenna length 2 4m Range 500 ns Low Frequency antenna length 3 6m Range 750 ns Low Frequency antenna set to a length of 4 8m Range 1000 ns Low Frequency antenna set to a length of 6 0m Range 1000 ns Borehole antenna frequency 120 MHz Range 500 ns Borehole antenna frequency 300 MHz Range 300 ns A 2 Common setup parameters independent of antenna used The following parameters are common to all pre loaded setup files Output Disk O
28. RECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR INJURIES CAUSED BY PROPER OR IMPROPER OPERATION OF ITS EQUIPMENT WHETHER OR NOT DEFECTIVE Before returning any equipment to GSSI a Return Material Authorization RMA number must be obtained Please call the GSSI Customer Service Manager who will assign an RMA number Be sure to have the serial number of the unit available GSSI does not convey any license under its patent or other intellectual property rights or the rights of others Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS HOW TO USE THES MANUAL ccsccissassvccssosescsssvansssipsdecsccta coeasbeasssnstsesncobsduei speussseasvsnses 1 Abo t this M nual esistere a a aaea ea aa a ibe vac SEn ENER a FENOSA EE ane 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ssessessoesoossessossocssessoesocesessossoossosssesoossosssssoossosssessossos 3 LL Unpacking Your Systemi saio esere oaa ana E aE EE OE 3 1 2 Gen ral De Seri ption neenon TA EN INR 3 1 3 Power Requirements seissen a aE R AE 4 l Operaties B vironment n ne E NE E EE E le sence ek 5 CHAPTER 2 BASICS OF SYSTEM OPERATION esssoeseossesooesesssssocsscssoesoosssessossoe 7 2 1 Hardware Connections on annaa a EE h Sa oes EE NE 7 2 2 System Starp ei n a a a n a uae a a ei eames tans 8 2 2 1 System Startup for the SURED P oa cre ssc ves san tec daliniav cq sonncuueasiones e sauan oustsloncdg
29. SI antennas from 2000 MHz to 16 MHz Depending upon subsurface conditions or a building s structural design this will provide depths of penetration ranging from a few centimeters inches to tens of meters feet 1 3 Power Requirements The SIR 2 control unit requires a 12 VDC power input at 3 amperes at the input connector not at the power source Note that some loss can occur in the power supply cables If you purchased a GSSI battery pack to power your SIR 2 one of the batteries supplied with the pack will be able to power the system for the following times 4 5 0 5 hours at 40 C 4 0 5 hours at 20 C 3 0 5 hours at 0 C The above times assume a fully charged battery and GSSI supplied battery cables The system can also be powered with an automobile battery or a deep cycle marine battery If you power the system from an automobile battery you should keep the engine running while operating the system or you will risk depleting the car s battery to the point where you will be unable to start the engine CAUTION If you power the system from a vehicle battery you should keep the vehicle running while operating the system If during system operation the input voltage becomes low the green light above the power button will begin flashing You should shut down the system as soon as possible and replace or recharge your power source POWER INDICATOR LIGHTS The red and green power indicator lights are above the p
30. SIR SYSTEM 2 OPERATION MANUAL Rev A May 1996 13 Klein Drive P O Box 97 North Salem NH 03073 0097 E gt Geophysical Survey Systems Inc Phone 603 893 1109 FAX 603 889 3984 E mail www geophysical com Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Copyright 1996 Geophysical Survey Systems Inc All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form Published by Geophysical Survey Systems Inc 13 Klein Drive North Salem New Hampshire 03073 0097 Printed in the United States GSSI and SIR are registered trademarks of Geophysical Survey Systems Inc Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 LIMITED WARRANTY LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY AND RESTRICTIONS Geophysical Survey Systems Inc hereinafter referred to as GSSI warrants that for a period of 12 months from the delivery date to the original purchaser GSSI s products will be free from defects in materials and workmanship EXCEPT FOR THE FOREGOING LIMITED WARRANTY GSSI DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE GSSI s obligation is limited to repairing or replacing parts or equipment which are returned to GSSI transportation and insurance pre paid without alteration or further damage and which in GSSI s judgment were defective or became defective during normal use GSSI ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR ANY DI
31. TE The survey wheel must be calibrated at your survey site before use 84 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 PAGE 23 NOTE When manually adjusting the gain curve if the gains are set correctly the largest signals reflections in the oscilloscope display should be 50 to 75 the width of the display and the data screen should show mostly 60 to 80 red orange and yellow reflections The colors described above are based on Color Table 2 If you use a different Color Table the correct gain colors will be different We recommend using 5 gain points PAGE 24 NOTE If you select a parameters setup file for your antenna the filters will automatically be set and you should not be concerned with changing them unless you change antennas CHAPTER 4 Data Collection PAGE 33 ALL users should read section 4 2 PAGE 36 NOTE If the system sounds a continuous BEEPing sound while collecting data with a survey wheel it means you are pulling the wheel too fast Either slow down your rate of acquisition or decrease the Scans Unit value in the survey wheel setup Page 37 NOTE The antenna marker switch can not be used to close the data file at the end of a line in Point Mode You must use the Run Standby a key to close the file in this mode This is done by holding the Run Standby Qa key depressed for 2 seconds at the last station on the line 85 Manual MN72 140A Geop
32. accurate Time and Date are accessed from the System command in the first column of the COLLECT SETUP MENU block or PLAYBACK SETUP MENU block For information on the SW CALIBR Survey Wheel Calibration refer to Section 4 3 When Clock Set is selected via the Enter e key the current system time and date appear on the screen with an instruction block describing how to change the time and date 8 2 Procedure To Upgrade The Operating System Software The following procedure should be used to update or upgrade you SIR 2 operating system when you receive an update or upgrade from GSSI Your computer must be operating under MS DOS v6 2 or higher to perform the upgrade Using the SIR 2 upgrade adapter cable You will be using the standard MS DOS v6 2 functions INTERLNK and INTERSVR to upgrade Should you have any trouble with this procedure please refer to your MS DOS manuals included with your system 1 Turn on your SIR 2 and the computer you will be using for the upgrade Your computer must be operating under MS DOS v6 2 to perform the upgrade If your computer has not been upgraded to MS DOS v6 2 yet you can install the licensed copy of MS DOS v6 2 provided with your SIR 2 la Change the config sys file on your computer to include the line device C dos interlnk exe Save the new config sys file and reboot your computer Your computer s config sys file has now been changed to include the interlnk command 2 Connect the SIR 2 upgr
33. action filter 25 samp scan 25 save setup 31 scale 30 44 scan 25 scans second 26 scandisk 57 scans unit 18 screen 45 scrolling 34 select 44 46 select a command 12 select all 44 49 select block 35 46 selecting proper antenna 75 serial data file transfer interlnk 51 intersvr 51 setup 17 39 setup menu blocks 11 setup mode automatic 12 17 80 84 manual 12 17 80 84 show setup 14 31 SIR 2 mode 9 sir2ftr exe 50 SIR 2P 9 skip 31 44 travel time values various materials 21 space 31 44 specifications electrical 77 environmental 77 hardware 77 mechanical 77 software 77 93 SIR 2 stack 31 44 startp 35 stat stack 19 step 35 stored setups 8 subsurface layer mapping 25 sun shade 5 79 surface reflection 23 84 survey wheel calibration 18 system 55 system date amp time clock 55 system parameter settings saving 31 system setup simple quick 15 system startup 8 thermal printer 7 thermal printers GSSI DPU 5400 47 GS 608P 47 tick unit 19 toggle switch method 12 transfer 50 51 two way travel time 15 20 units 18 19 units mark 18 upgrade adapter cable 55 upgrade operating system software 55 upper 45 utility surveys 18 vert hp 24 vert Ip 24 vert scale 43 vert scale labeling depth 29 none 29 time 29 wiggle 29 WIN95 mode 9 wrong surface position 15 xfer 51 xmit connector 3 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc
34. ade adapter cable to the MULTIFUNCTION port of the SIR 2 Connect the null modem cable provided with your SIR 2 between the COM serial port of your computer and the serial connector of the upgrade adapter cable of the SIR 2 system 3 Connect a keyboard to the keyboard connector of the SIR 2 upgrade adapter cable 4 Enter the COLLECT SETUP MENU of the SIR 2 5 Press the lt ALT gt lt S gt keys on the keyboard connected to the SIR 2 The SIR 2 will exit the operating system and the prompt C gt will appear 57 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 6 Type intersvr on the SIR 2 The interserver menu will now appear 7 On the computer enter the upper level directory by typing CD 8 Start the interlnk program on your computer by typing interlnk 9 On the SIR 2 screen are listed the drives of the computer and the SIR 2 This screen will tell you which drive on the SIR 2 equals the C drive on the computer Use this SIR 2 drive letter in the next few commands In the instructions below we assume that the E drive on the SIR 2 equals the C drive on the computer On the computer make a new directory by typing mkdir sir2 drive letter sir2up For our specific example we would type mkdir E sir2up 10 Insert your SIR 2 upgrade disk into the floppy drive of your computer and copy the files from the upgrade disk to the SIR 2 by typing Copy computer floppy drive letter E sir2up 11 Aft
35. al Low Pass Filter 240 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 5 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 100D 100 MHz antenna normal transmitter power Depth of viewing window is approximately 25m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 500ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 25 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 200 MHz Scans per second 16 Horizontal Smoothing 5 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 100S 100 MHz antenna normal transmitter power Depth of viewing window is approximately 12m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 250ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 25 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 200 MHz Scans per second 16 Horizontal Smoothing 5 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 73 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 100HP 100 MHz antenna with high power transmitter and fiber optic Depth of viewing window is approximately 25m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 500ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 25 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 200 MHz Scans per second 16 Horizontal Smoothing 5 scans Transmit Rate 32 KHz 100VHP 100 MHz antenna with very high power transmitter and fiber optic Depth of
36. ample The 16 to 8 resampling will compress 16 bit files by about 50 but it will not compress 8 bit data files The other methods will compress all data files by approximately 50 or more After a file is compressed you cannot recover the original file unless you choose to save it during the compression Rescan and Resamp compression take approximately 1 minute per megabyte of data The 16 8 compression takes approximately 45 seconds per megabyte of data DO COMPRESS When this command is activated the directory of stored data files appears on the screen Select the files you wish to compress or all files and then begin the compression You will be asked if you want to store the original data files If the answer is YES the original files are saved under the original name and the new files are saved as FILENAME _0 or FILENAME 0 a _0 or 0 is added to the original file name If more than one compression is done 1 2 3 will be appended to the file name rather than 0 51 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 7 2 Deleting Data Files To Save Disk Space The Delete command is accessed from the Files command in the first column of the PLAYBACK SETUP MENU block or the COLLECT SETUP MENU block DELETE When this command is activated the directory of stored data files appears on the screen Select the files you wish to delete and then begin the deletion process by pressing the Run Standby key You will be as
37. and answer Y For details on the SCANDISK command at the DOS prompt type SHELP SCANDISK To exit HELP SCANDISK type lt ALT gt lt F gt lt X gt HEx 6 Now defragment your hard disk by typing DEFRAG B Select C drive to optimize 7 After DEFRAG is complete turn the system OFF and ON to return to the operating system 59 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 60 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Chapter 9 AUTOMATIC OPERATION 9 1 DATA COLLECTION The Automatic Operation Mode is initiated by pressing the Run key when the SIR 2 is first turned ON and you are given the option at the first menu screen When this is done the system will be in Data Collection Set Up Mode and you will see a menu on the left side of the screen and an oscilloscope display of the reflected radar signal on the right The DATA COLLECTION MENU group will be surrounded by a solid white line indicating that it is active The PLAYBACK MENU will be surrounded by a dashed white line indicating that it is inactive To activate Playback Mode toggle the Collect Playback key The Automatic Mode of operation was developed to allow simplified operation of the SIR 2 system for the special application of pavement and bridge deck analysis The menu is less complicated and allows input control over the following parameters first by highlighting the menu option with the arrow keys and then using the Enter key and the Arrow
38. anged the appropriate display parameters to be set appear in the column three Using the Linescan display the reflected radar signal is mapped by amplitude and polarity to different colors or shades of gray A color scale of 16 colors is used Eight colors represent positive amplitudes and eight colors represent negative amplitudes Each level of signal in a scan is assigned a color depending upon its amplitude Each scan results in a vertical line of colored or gray shaded dots on the SIR 2 screen As each scan is collected by the system the screen fills with vertical colored lines to generate a profile image of the subsurface 28 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 The Linescan color display is the best display for most applications especially good for identifying buried point targets ex drums voids pipes The Linescan grayscale display is a good display to identify buried pipes The Linescan color or gray shade displays are also good for displaying geologic layering You should try different Linescan color and grayscale displays of the same data sets to determine which displays help you best with the interpretation Wiggle displays are sometimes better for interpreting layering in stratigraphic or geological surveys over long distances Oscilloscope display allows viewing of a single radar trace in detail LINESCAN DISPLAY PARAMETERS COLOR TABLE This parameter sets the Color or gray scale Table to be
39. be deliberately subjected to direct rain Turning the system so that the screen does not directly face the sun and using the sun shade will make the data easier to view in bright sunlight CHAPTER 2 BASICS OF SYSTEM OPERATION PAGE 7 NOTE If you are going to playback data it is preferable not to connect the antenna to the SIR 2 before powering ON the system 83 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 PAGE 8 NOTE If the green light is dark and the system will not power ON you have inadequate input power Check your power source and connections between your power cables PAGE 9 NOTE General system help can be obtained by pressing the HELP key and then the ENTER key If at any time you are unsure of the current system parameter s settings press the Collect Playback key until the system parameters screen appears PAGE 11 NOTE When the SIR 2 is first turned ON it is in Setup Mode To put the system in the DATA MENU block press the Run Standby Qa key When in a DATA MENU block to return the system to Setup Mode select Go To Setup Mode from the first menu column PAGE 12 NOTE Throughout the remainder of the manual when the expression select a command is used it means move the highlight bar to illuminate that command and then press the Enter e key This will select i e activate that command CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM SETUP FOR DATA COLLECTION PAGE 18 NO
40. by if the Enter e key is pressed to bring up menu then select Go To Setup e When the Run Standby Ca key is pressed to begin data collection the speaker will emit a single BEEP When a data file is closed the speaker will emit a double BEEP To stop collecting data from the antenna marker press and hold the Marker button for 2 seconds to close the data file The system is now ready to begin collecting the next data file REVIEWING THE CURRENT DATA FILE BY SCROLLING If the current data file is greater than one screen the data file up to the limit of the system memory can be reviewed using the SIR 2 scroll capability Press the Run Standby Ca key to put the system in Standby Use the Right arrow key to view data to the left of the current data screen and use the Left e arrow to view data to the right of the current data screen THE COLLECT DATA MENU COMMANDS This menu must be accessed after data collection has begun During data collection press Run Standby Qa to enter Standby then press Enter e to bring up the menu COLLECT Selecting this command will start the system collecting data The output device either a Disk File number or RAM will be shown in the bottom right hand corner of the screen as the data is collected CURSOR When Cursor is activated dashed cross hairs appear on the screen The horizontal line gives the time depth of an object in nanoseconds ns if the Vert Scale Display parameter is set to ti
41. cilloscope display are 75 the width of the display and the data screen shows mostly 60 to 80 red orange and yellow reflections The colors described above are based on Color Table 2 If you use a different color table the correct gain colors will be different but the same principle applies If the gains values are set too low a significant gt 25 portion of the data reflections will show as black and gray low signal You should increase the value of the gain point s associated with the low signal zone until the signals in that zone display red and orange The time markers to the left of the oscilloscope display correspond to the gain points The time label at the top of the screen is gain point 1 and the next time label is gain point 2 and the next time label is gain point 3 and so on The number of time labels is the same as the number of gain points 22 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 NOTE When manually adjusting the gain curve if the gains are set correctly the largest signals reflections in the oscilloscope display should be 75 the width of the display and the data screen should show mostly 60 to 80 red orange and yellow reflections The colors described above are based on color table 2 If you use a different color table the correct gain colors will be different GAIN POINTS The number of gain points can be set from 1 to 8 and is normally set between 3 and 5 You may want to us
42. ck Data Mode selecting this command will put the system in the Playback Setup Mode AT Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 48 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 CHAPTER 6 OPERATION WITH THE GSSI DPU 5400 AND GS 608P THERMAL PLOTTERS Two thermal printers the DPU 5400 and the GS 608P can be used with the SIR 2 control unit to provide field prints of your data Data can be printed either in real time i e during acquisition or during playback from disk NOTE Because of the high data acquisition rate of the SIR 2 only the GSSI DPU 5400 and GS 608P printers can be used with the SIR 2 Other printers are not supported After turning on the SIR 2 connect one end of the SIR 2 printer cable to the parallel connector of the SIR 2 and the other end to the printer The connector is on the underside of the DPU 5400 and on the topside of the GS 608P Turn the printer ON 1 From the COLLECT SETUP MENU block select Output and then turn Print to ON 2 Select the Printer type either DPU5400 or GS 608P 3 Set the Horizontal Zoom to 1 if printing during data collection The Horizontal Zoom can be set to other values if printing during data playback 4 Set the Orientation to Normal 5 Enter the COLLECT DATA or PLAYBACK DATA MENU blocks and collect or playback data The data will now be printed NOTE The printer should not be connected during power up of the SIR 2 If the SIR 2 seems
43. cond 32 Stacking 32 scans 77 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 78 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Appendix B SELECTING THE PROPER ANTENNA GSSI offers many antennas of different frequencies and functions that can be operated with the SIR 2 There will one or two GSSI antennas best suited for your application It is important that you select the correct antenna for your application in order to obtain the best possible results Your depth of interest for a particular application will determine the correct antenna to use The deeper the depth of interest the lower the frequency of antenna you should use The higher the antenna frequency the greater the resolution or ability to see smaller targets For best results you should select the highest frequency antenna that will cover your depth of interest Table B1 For example if you were looking for pipes down to 2 5 meters depth both the 300MHz and 500MHz antennas are capable of penetrating to that depth In most cases you should select the 500MHz antenna because it provides better resolution If you do not have that frequency antenna available you can try the next lower frequency antenna in this example the 300MHz but you should realize that it will have decreased ability to see small targets Depth Range of Interest Best antenna to use Second Choice 0 0 5m 0 1 5ft 2500MHz horn 900MHz 0 1m 0 3ft 900MHz 500MHz 0 2 5m 0 8ft
44. ct or boundary and return to the antenna within 10 nanoseconds is recorded and displayed this record is termed a scan When the system is set to record for 10 nanoseconds signals cannot penetrate very far into the earth and return within 10 nanoseconds However if the range is set to 100 nanoseconds signals can penetrate much further into the ground and return to the antenna within 100 nanoseconds and you have effectively increased your depth of viewing Note that for a given antenna frequency at a given site there is always a maximum depth into the ground that the radar signal can penetrate There is some maximum range value for any given situation beyond which you will get no signal Ground penetrating radar signals will not travel through metal or salt water The range value to set for your particular job is determined by the following formula RANGE Dx Tx 1 5 where D is the maximum depth of interest T is the two way travel time of the subsurface materials This is the time it takes for the radar wave to travel down and back through one meter or foot of a particular material For your particular site make the best determination of what the particular subsurface material is and refer to Table 1 below to obtain an estimate for the two way travel time This value can then be used in the formula above to determine the proper range setting WARNING the two way travel time values are only estimates The exact two way travel time a
45. d display This function will have the effect of shortening a radar profile SKIP Skip refers to the number of scans to skip for print or display purposes only This will have no effect on recorded data For example a Skip 1 will skip every other scan for printing and display A Skip of 2 will print display a scan skip two scans and print display the next scan This function will have the effect of shortening a radar profile 5 1 3 Selecting Files For Playback Activate the Files command and then from the second column choose Select or Select All the Select All command is at the bottom of the second column The Select command allows you to choose individual files or groups of files to playback This is accomplished by highlighting the file or files you want to playback with the cursor and then pressing the Enter key This action will place a box around the file s you have selected and the SIR 2 will play them back when the Run Standby a is pressed The first time the Run Standby Qa key is pressed the file header will be displayed The second time the Run Standby key is pressed the file will play back If the file is longer than one screen you can scroll back and forth through the file using the Right Jand Left Jarrow keys The Select All command will select all files on the disk for playback 5 2 Playback Data Menu Block This block is entered from the COLLECT DATA MENU block by pressing the Collect Playback key It is en
46. d the Down Jarrow is used to decrease the value of the parameter The Right gt and Left arrows are used to increase or decrease the increment when setting the gain values The gain values are in units of decibels dB Every 6 decibel increase is equivalent to doubling the amplitude of all points in the signal 39 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 CAUTION Gains applied to the data during playback are not stored in the data file They are only applied to the displayed data When gains are applied to the data during playback and data transfer is ON or DISK ON the data stored on the receiving computer or the internal hard disk will have this additional gain applied The internal hard disk file will have a letter appended to the original file name FILTERS When this command is highlighted a series of data filter commands will appear in the third column The filters are Vert HP vertical high pass Vert LP vertical low pass Hor Smooth horizontal smoothing and Hor Bkgr Rm horizontal background removal These filters are used to improve signal clarity For more details on filters see Section 3 22 The Vert HP high pass filter is used to eliminate low frequency noise i e signal drift The Vert LP low pass filter is used to remove high frequency noise snow The Hor Smooth horizontal smoothing filter is used to horizontally smooth the data enhances layers The Hor Bkgr Rm
47. e 1 Turn on your SIR 2 and the computer you will be using for data transfer Your computer must be operating under MS DOS v6 2 to perform the transfer If your computer is not running MS DOS v6 2 you must load the licensed copy of MS DOS v6 2 provided with your SIR 2 la Change the config sys file on your computer to include the line 53 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 device C dos interlnk exe Save the new config sys file and reboot your computer You only need to change the config sys file on your computer once after that it will remain changed Connect the SIR 2 upgrade adapter cable to the MULTIFUNCTION port of the SIR 2 Connect the null modem cable provided with your SIR 2 between the COM1 serial port of your computer and the serial connector of the upgrade adapter cable of the SIR 2 system Connect a keyboard to the keyboard connector of the SIR 2 upgrade adapter cable Enter the COLLECT SETUP MENU of the SIR 2 Press the lt ALT gt lt S gt keys on the keyboard connected to the SIR 2 The SIR 2 will exit the radar operating system and the prompt C gt will appear Type INTERSVR on the SIR 2 The interserver menu will now appear On the computer enter the upper level directory by typing CD Start the interlnk program on your computer by typing interlnk On the SIR 2 screen are listed the drives of the computer cli
48. e Diel parameter help for details Note that the default Diel value is 1 DIEL This parameter is the value of the dielectric constant used to convert two way travel time to depth The value ranges from 1 to 81 and depends upon the dielectric properties of the subsurface materials being profiled WARNING Dielectric constants for various materials and thus the resulting depth scales are only approximations For a description of methods for estimating the dielectric constant of the subsurface at your site see your training notes Approximate dielectric constants for various materials follow Material Air Snow Firn Dry Loamy Clayey Soils Dry Clay Dry Sands Ice Coal Asphalt Dry Granite Frozen Sand amp Gravel Dry Concrete Dry Limestone Dry Sand amp Gravel Potash Ore Dry Mineral Sandy Soils Dry Salt Frozen Soil Permafrost Syenite Porphyry Wet Sandstone Dielectric Constant 1 1 5 2 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 NNNDW Material Wet Granite Travertine Wet Limestone Wet Basalt Tills Wet Concrete Volcanic Ash Wet Sands Wet Sandy Soils Dry Bauxite Saturated Sands Wet Clay Peats Organic Soils Sea Water Water 30 Dielectric Constant 6 5 8 8 8 5 11 12 5 13 15 23 5 25 25 27 61 5 64 81 81 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 WIGGLE AND O SCOPE DISPLAY PARAMETERS SCALE The scaling parameter defines the number of vertical lines used to represen
49. e fewer gain points 2 or 3 for shallow scans 5 15ns made with our high frequency high resolution antennas for detecting steel reinforcing bars or mesh in concrete Conversely you may want to use more gain points 6 or 8 to allow greater adjustment flexibility when doing deep investigations 200 1000 ns POSITION This parameter controls the vertical position of the surface reflection in the data viewing window The surface reflection is the place in time where the radar pulse leaves the antenna and enters the subsurface It can therefore be considered to be time zero and its position should be at the top of the scan When Position is set to Auto Mode the system will attempt to identify the surface reflection and place it at the top of the data viewing window The surface reflection is always a very strong reflection The gain parameter should be set to Auto when using the Auto Position Note that the ability of the system to correctly identify the surface reflection depends upon the antenna selected and the ground conditions It is important to check that the system has correctly identified the surface reflection This is done by manually moving the scan down the viewing window by decreasing the range by a few nanoseconds If the Auto Position has correctly identified the surface reflection these data should be a nearly flat line no signal at the top of the scan above the surface reflection as you move the scan down the viewing w
50. e in the PLAYBACK SETUP MENU block Playback of data already collected and stored on the disk is done via the PLAYBACK DATA MENU block 5 1 Playback Setup Menu Block This block is entered when the system is powered ON without an antenna or from the PLAYBACK DATA MENU block by entering the Setup command It is entered from the COLLECT SETUP MENU block by pressing the Collect Playback key 5 1 1 Setup For Processing Of Playback Data During playback Gains Horizontal Filters and Vertical Filters can be applied to the data to improve interpretation SETUP When this command is highlighted a set of playback processing parameters that can be set appears in the second column The commands that will appear in the second column are Processing Play All Save Setup Recall Setup and Show Setup Pressing the Enter e key when Setup is highlighted will have no effect When Processing is highlighted the following options appear in a menu box to the right GAIN This function is used to apply an additional gain constant to the data files as they are played back to the system or transferred to a computer You can apply this gain if the data acquired is too low in amplitude and difficult to interpret Activating this function will cause a parameter setup box to appear to the right Use this box to adjust the value of the gain to be applied When setting the values of the gain the Up t arrow is used to increase the value of the parameter an
51. ectric constant of 9 200S Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 300ns Samples per Scan 1024 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 400 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 5 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 200 MHz antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 7m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 120D Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 150ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 400 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 5 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 120 MHz standard antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 20m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 Note The 120 MHz antenna is unshielded Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 400ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 240 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 5 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 72 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 120S 120 MHz standard antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 10m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 Note The 120 MHz antenna is unshielded Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 200ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertic
52. electrical and physical properties of the subsurface materials Note The default dielectric value for a depth scale is 1 Be sure to select an appropriate dielectric value before collecting playing back data WARNING Dielectric constant values for various materials and the resulting depth scales are only approximations For a description of methods for estimating the dielectric constant of the subsurface at your site see your training notes Approximate dielectric constants for various common materials follow 43 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Dielectric Dielectric Material Constant Material Constant Air 1 Wet Granite 6 5 Snow Firn 1 5 Travertine 8 Dry Loamy Clayey Soils 2 3 Wet Limestone 8 Dry Clay 4 Wet Basalt 8 5 Dry Sands 4 Tills 11 Ice 4 Wet Concrete 12 5 Coal 4 5 Volcanic Ash 13 Asphalt 5 Wet Sands 15 Dry Granite 5 Wet Sandy Soils 23 5 Frozen Sand amp Gravel 5 Dry Bauxite 25 Dry Concrete 5 5 Saturated Sands 25 Dry Limestone 5 5 Wet Clay 27 Dry Sand amp Gravel 5 5 Peats 61 5 Potash Ore 5 5 Organic Soils 64 Dry Mineral Sandy Soils 6 Sea Water 81 Dry Salt 6 Water 81 Frozen Soil Permafrost 6 Syenite Porphyry 6 Wet Sandstone 6 WIGGLE AND O SCOPE DISPLAY PARAMETERS SCALE The scaling parameter defines the number of vertical lines used to represent the amplitude of each wiggle The larger the scale value the larger the wiggle representation In O Scope Mode the scaling parameter defines the
53. em in the DATA MENU block press the Run Standby Ga key When in a DATA MENU block to return the system to setup mode select Go To Setup Mode from the first menu column AN CAUTION Data stored to RAM will be lost when the system is powered OFF or when the next data file is collected To permanently save your data you must set the Disk Output Parameter to ON 2 5 2 Using The Menus The menu palette is prioritized from left to right The left most column of commands is referred to as the first column the next column to the right is referred to as the second column etc The currently highlighted item is the active item The user can navigate between items using the Arrow keys To select and activate a command move the highlight bar to that command and press the Enter e key e The left most column consists of super commands that when selected bring up a list of commands in the second column 12 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 e The middle columns consist of two types of system parameters those whose values appear in a box and can be changed via the toggle switch method and those whose values can be changed by a parameter change box When a parameter from these columns is highlighted and then the Enter key is pressed one of two things will happen If it is a toggle switch parameter the value of the parameter will change each time Enter lt j is pressed if the parameter requires a wide ra
54. en light above the power button will flash If the green light is flashing you should correct the low voltage problem before starting the system PAGE 12 N CAUTION Data stored to RAM is lost when the system is powered OFF or when the next data file is collected To permanently store your data you must store you data to Disk i e set the Disk parameter to ON 87 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM SETUP FOR DATA COLLECTION PAGE 17 A CAUTION When the Setup Mode is set to Auto the Gain Position Filters and Scan parameters will be hidden PAGE 28 AN CAUTION The Scans Second parameter must be set to 32 or less when printing data during acquisition The Horizontal Zoom must be set to 1 when printing data during acquisition CHAPTER 5 DATA PLAYBACK AND REVIEW PAGE 40 A CAUTION Gains applied to the data during playback are not stored in the data file They are only applied to the displayed data When gains are applied to the data during playback and data transfer is ON or Disk ON the data stored on the receiving computer or the internal hard disk will have this additional gain applied The internal hard disk file will have a letter appended to the original file name PAGE 45 CAUTION The measurement of two way travel time or depth assume that the surface reflection is at the top of the data screen If it is not then the measu
55. ent and the SIR 2 server This screen will tell you which drive on the computer client equals the D drive on the SIR 2 server Use this computer drive letter in the next few commands In the instructions below we assume that the E drive on the computer equals the D drive on the SIR 2 On the computer enter the appropriate drive in our example the E drive by typing E Now change the directory by typing cd sir_data common To perform the copy type Copy the desired data destination on your computer for example Copy C project1 This will copy all the data from the SIR 2 to your computer and place it in the directory project1 on the C drive After the file copy is complete the DOS prompt will show on your computer Press lt Alt gt lt F4 gt on the keyboard attached to your SIR 2 to exit the INTERSVR program 54 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 14 Turn the SIR 2 system OFF and then ON re boot It will now return to the normal radar operating system You can now delete all transferred files 55 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 56 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Chapter 8 SYSTEM OPERATIONS 8 1 Setting The System Date amp Time Clock To Your Local Time The system maintains the current date and time and this information is entered in the file headers as the data is collected It is important that the date and time are
56. enu in the second row and toggling the Disk On or Off with the Enter e key If Disk On is selected data will be stored to the hard disk and the message Out D will appear in the lower right corner of the screen Each filename consists of the word FILE a number ex FILE8 where the number increments for each file saved PRINT This function turns the print output ON or OFF by using the Enter amp key When it is turned ON a third column of printer control commands appears If the printer is not connected and turned ON there will be a long delay about a minute when this parameter is selected PRINTER Use this command to select the printer you will be using to print the data The Enter key is used to toggle between the two selections the GS 608P and the DPU5400 27 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 HORIZONTAL ZOOM This parameter stretches the data printout in the horizontal direction The possible values are 1 2 3 or 4 and the Enter e key is used to change the value A value of 1 means that each scan of a data file is printed as one scan on the printer A value of 2 means that each scan of a file is output as 2 duplicate scans on the printer A value of 3 means that each scan of a file is output as 3 scans on the printer and a value of 4 means 4 scans are printed for each scan in a data file When in Linescan Mode the DPU5400 and the GS 608P print 200 and 203 scans per inch respecti
57. er the color scale applied to the radar signal s amplitude is linear logarithmic or exponential This function can also be used to de emphasize certain features For example in a logarithmic display all low amplitude signals are assigned into a compressed lower color range and the range of high amplitude signals is extended If white represents a high amplitude signal then there will be more white area for a given data set than a linear transform Transforms 2 and 3 are used to emphasize weak reflections and Transforms 4 and 5 are used to emphasize high amplitude reflections During system setup you should always use Color Xform 1 which is linear Though not required we recommend using Color Xform 1 when collecting data 29 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 During data playback Color Xform 2 is useful when viewing low amplitude regions and Color Xform 4 is useful when the objective is high amplitude targets i e metal or voids VERT SCALE This parameter controls the Vertical Scale labeling The Vertical Scale can be set to Time Depth Or None If None is selected no vertical scale will be printed If set to Time the vertical scale will be two way travel time in nanoseconds If set to Depth the vertical scale will be in meters below the surface Note that the depth scale is only approximate and is based on an assumed dielectric constant of the subsurface for a single layer model See th
58. er the files have finished copying the DOS prompt will reappear on the computer 12 Press lt Alt gt lt F4 gt H on the keyboard attached to your SIR 2 to exit the intersvr program 13 Enter the sir2up directory on the SIR 2 by typing cd sir2up 14 Finish the upgrade on the SIR 2 by typing uperd A few messages will appear on the SIR 2 screen You should see the following important ones START OF LOAD loading counter that increases as the program is loaded END OF RUN 15 After the upgrade is complete delete all upgrade files in the SIR 2 by typing Delete sir2up 16 Turn the SIR 2 system OFF and then ON re boot The upgrade is now complete 58 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 8 3 Hard Disk Maintenance After approximately every 40 hours of use two software maintenance functions for the SIR 2 data storage hard disk should be performed to locate lost clusters and disk defragmentation 1 Connect the SIR 2 upgrade adapter cable to the MULTIFUNCTION port of the SIR 2 2 Connect a keyboard to the keyboard connector of the SIR 2 upgrade adapter cable 3 Enter the COLLECT SETUP MENU of the SIR 2 4 Press the lt ALT gt lt S gt Hs keys on the keyboard connected to the SIR 2 The SIR 2 will exit the operating system and the prompt C gt will appear Change to the D drive by typing D 5 To check for lost clusters type the following command SCANDISK AUTOFIX NOSAVE NOSUMMARY
59. etenmioeesinats 9 2 3 Using The HELP Key To Get Help wicsissiasirideaiiugsativecieceas eo aleeased aml dattaeesnacens 9 2A The Operate KEYS sia fet cases a A E E tee etaass 10 2 5 Navigating Through The User Menus s sssssessssseesssesseesseseseresseessessereseessseessreso 11 2 3 1 The Maj r Men Blocks ctr ria aacadran bauaciasdta ananena A E iao 11 2 32 Using The MenUS orinn eE E E RE RE R R 12 2 6 Recalling Preset Files To Automatically Set The System For Data Acquisition 13 CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM SETUP FOR DATA COLLECTION 0 cc ccsseseseeees 15 3 1 Simple Quick System Setup For Data Collection ceecceessceesteceesteceeneeenaees 15 3 2 Complete Description Of Collect Setup Menu Block sssseseesseseeeeesrseseresresseserssee 17 3 2 1 Setting The Data Acquisition Method 2 cceihec diced cotacestac linia tedsaccuessd Guecteadoeeeiee 17 3 2 2 Setting The Data Acquisition PATAME1ECTS 1 1cccsccecessceeessceeeseceentecetsteeeenneeeees 20 3 2 3 Setup Of Disk Printer And Display Output Parameters ccccccccessceeeeseeeeees 27 3 3 Saving The System Parameter Settings For Future Use 0 ceeceeeeceeceseeeeeeeeeeeeees 31 CHAPTER 4 DATA COLLECTION ssesoessessoesocssessossooesessossooesessossoossocssesoossossses 33 4 1 Preparing For Data Collection sesesesesseesseesseesseeessetesseessrssereseeessseesseesseesseesseets 33 4 2 Continuous Data Collection Method sssesssssseseseeessseessesssesesere
60. evaluation Maximum data acquisition speed 11kph 7mph with a horizontal sample interval of every 1 cm Range 10ns 1000 MHz Horn Antenna at high data acquisition speed Maximum data acquisition speed 80kph SOmph with a sample interval of 0 4m Range 20 ns 1000 MHz Horn Antenna for high horizontal resolution road evaluation Maximum data acquisition speed 11kph 7mph with a horizontal sample interval of every 1 cm Range 20ns 1000 MHz standard antenna for concrete and roadway evaluation Depth of viewing window is approximately Im Range 15ns 1000 MHz standard antenna concrete and roadway evaluation Depth of viewing window is approximately 50cm Range 8ns 900 MHz antenna shallow archeological and airport runway investigations Depth of viewing window is approximately 2m Range 30ns 900 MHz antenna concrete roadway and runway evaluations Depth of viewing window is approximately 1m Range I5ns 900 MHz antenna concrete and roadway evaluations Depth of viewing window is approximately 50cm Range 8ns 500 MHz antenna deep viewing depth Range 100ns 500 MHz antenna shallow viewing depth Range 60ns 500 MHz dual power antenna on high transmit power setting Range 100ns 500 MHz dual power antenna on low transmit power setting Range 100ns 400 MHz antenna deep viewing depth Range 100ns Appropriate for utilities archaeology surveys etc 63 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SI
61. ful in rough terrain where continuous data collection is impossible and in areas where the signal is very weak at deep depths and maximum signal enhancement is required When using Point Mode it is recommended that Wiggle Display Mode be used Be aware that the display shows a simulated stack while in Collect Setup The system shows the actual stack when switched to Run Mode and you start acquiring data STAT STACK In order to improve signal to noise in Point Mode it is advantageous to stack i e average several input scans into one output scan at each station The Stat Stack parameter allows you to set the number of scans that will be averaged The value is typically set to 32 and the range is from 1 to 32768 in binary steps Thus when the value is set to 32 at each station 32 scans will enter the system from the antenna and be summed into one scan The resulting scan will be output to the video screen and stored on 19 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 disk If the data is of poor quality during your test lines try increasing the value of Stat Stack 3 2 2 Setting The Data Acquisition Parameters RANGE The Range parameter is a time value in nanoseconds When you set the range to a value for example 10 nanoseconds this tells the system how long to record received reflected signals after it sends out a radar pulse Any portion of the radar pulse which can penetrate into the ground reflect from an obje
62. ggle through the views The Full view displays the full data scan on the screen The Upper view displays the upper third of the data on the full screen It is a zoom view on the shallow data The Middle view displays the middle third of the data on the full screen It is a Zoom view on the middle section of data The Deep view displays the bottom third of the data on the full screen It is a zoom view on the bottom third of data For example If a range of 120ns was set the Full view would display 0 120ns the Upper view would display 0 40ns the Middle view would display 40 80ns and the Deep view would display 80 120ns Note that the cursor coordinates refer to the last view selected For example if the first half of the screen is the full view and the last half is the deep view the cursor will assume the range for the deep view over the entire screen SELECT This command is used to select or deselect files to be played back by the system for review When this command is activated a list of data files will appear on the upper portion of the screen Using the Arrow keys and the Enter key to select the files that you wish to playback for review SELECT BLOCK This command is used to select a block of data for printing or saving to disk The block of data selected can be more than one screen size When this command is selected the command menu will disappear from the screen and a vertical line cursor will appear in the middle of the screen
63. gh Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 8300MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 4 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 70 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 400S 400 MHz antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 3m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 300D Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 60ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 800 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 4 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 300 MHz antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 15m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 300S Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 300ns Samples per Scan 1024 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 1000 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 5 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 300 MHz antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 7m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 150ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 1000 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 5 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 71 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 200D 200 MHz antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 15m assuming a diel
64. hanged by pressing the Enter e key When the Setup Mode is set to Automatic the system will automatically find the ground surface reflection and place it at the top of the screen set the filters gains scan speed and data resolution It will not automatically set the range The range used will be that which is set prior to putting the system in Automatic Mode After automatic setup the user can manually change any system settings When the Setup Mode is set to Manual the user can manually set all system parameters to the desired settings A CAUTION When the Setup Mode is set to Auto the Gain Position Filters and Scan Parameters will be hidden 3 2 1 Setting The Data Acquisition Method RUN MODE This parameter informs the system how the field survey will be conducted There are three methods of data acquisition Cont continuous Point and SW survey wheel The system Run Mode is changed using the Enter e key CONTINUOUS DATA COLLECTION METHOD When the Run Mode is set to Cont Continuous the system is continuously transmitting signals into the ground and recording data The advantages of this mode are that a continuous profile of the subsurface is generated and it is the most rapid data collection method SURVEY WHEEL CONTROLLED DATA COLLECTION METHOD When the Run Mode is set to SW Survey Wheel a third column of survey wheel data collection parameters appears In this mode data collection is controlled by a sur
65. he Hor Smooth filter is set to 3 scans and the Hor Bkgr RM is turned OFF Setting the Filters to Manual Mode cause a third column of filter parameters to appear these are Vert HP Vert LP Hor Smooth and Hor Bkgr RM NOTE If you select a parameters setup file for your antenna the filters will automatically be set and you should not be concerned with changing them unless you change antennas VERT LP The Vert LP vertical low pass filter is used to eliminate high frequency noise which appears as snow from the data When this parameter is highlighted a fourth column appears which allows you to set the value of this filter The Vert LP filter is defined in terms of frequency in MHz The value of this parameter should be set according to the following formula VERT LP ANTENNA CENTER FREQUENCY 2 As the value of this filter is decreased more filtering occurs and more data will be removed by the filter This is a three pole IIR Infinite Impulse Response filter VERT HP The Vert HP vertical high pass filter is used to eliminate low frequency noise e g tilt from the data When this parameter is highlighted a fourth column appears which allows you to set the value of this filter The Vert HP filter is also defined in terms of frequency in MHz The value of this parameter should be set according to the following formula VERT LP ANTENNA CENTER FREQUENCY 6 As the value of this filter is increased more filtering
66. he system is first turned ON or after switching antennas the system can be easily set for data acquisition by selecting the operating parameters setup file that is most appropriate for the selected antenna and job This is done using the Recall Setup command accessed from the Setup command in the COLLECT SETUP MENU block or the PLAYBACK SETUP MENU block This command is next to the bottom of the second column of commands 13 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 RECALL SETUP This command allows you to setup the system by recalling a file of previous system settings See Appendix A for a detailed description of all the GSSI preset parameter setup files When this command is highlighted and the Enter ke key pressed a list of 29 factory preset and 56 user definable setup files will be displayed on the screen Use the Arrow G keys to highlight the name of the setup file you wish to recall Press the Enter key twice to recall and confirm the setup file you want to configure the system Go to Section 3 1 for a list of parameters to check after recalling a system setup SHOW SETUP This command will display the current system settings 14 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM SETUP FOR DATA COLLECTION 3 1 Simple Quick System Setup For Data Collection After loading the appropriate system operating parameters setup file see Appendix A for a description of the setup file
67. hlighted and press the Enter e key to change position to Manual Mode Move to the parameter change box and use the Down WJarrow to decrease the position value by 5ns if the range is less than 20ns by 10ns if the range is between 20ns and 100ns and by 50ns if the range is greater than 100ns Note that when changing the position value the system will often round off values Before you change the position value you should note the original value Press the Enter J key to implement the position change After changing the position value you will observe one of two things 1 If the oscilloscope display shows the data is flat no signal at the top and a strong surface reflection appears further down the system correctly found the surface reflection Move the highlight bar to the Parameter Change box again and set the position value back to the original number before you changed it 2 If the data is not flat at the top of the record the wrong surface position was found You should keep manually decreasing the surface position by increments of 5 or 15 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 10ns until the data is flat at the top At that point you will have correctly found the surface position 3 Check the Gains to ensure proper signal amplification If the gains are set correctly the largest signals 1 e reflections in the oscilloscope display should be 75 the width of the display and the data screen should show mos
68. horizontal background removal is used to improve the recognition of small targets by removing horizontal bands produced by noise reverberations or flat reflecting layers The units of the vertical filters are in MHz and the horizontal filters are numbers of scans CLR PROC When this command is highlighted and activated by pressing the Enter e key any data playback processing set i e Gain and Filters will be reset to zero and turned off There will be no additional data processing during playback PLAY ALL When this command is selected all data files stored on the hard drive will be played back to the display and printed if a printer is connected to the SIR 2 and turned ON This option allows the user to print all the files while the system is unattended SAVE SETUP This command allows you to save the current playback setup in a file you designate SETUP_1 to SETUP_56 for future use RECALL SETUP Allows you to recall previously saved system setups 40 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 SHOW SETUP Displays the current system setup parameters 5 1 2 Data Display And Printing During Playback There are three types of displays available during playback Linescan Wiggle and O Scope These displays can be printed during playback on the DPU 5400 Seiko Model DPU5400 4 thermal plotter or the GS 608P OYO Model GS 608P 8 thermal plotter OUTPUT When this command is highlighted the
69. horizontal sampling is 1 scan per cm Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 15ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 4 Vertical High Pass Filter 250 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 2000 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 4 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 1000TAS CONCRETE AND ROADWAY EVALUATION 1000 MHz standard antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 50cm assuming a dielectric constant of 5 With an antenna traverse speed of approximately 32cm per second the horizontal sampling is 1 scan per cm Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 8ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 4 Vertical High Pass Filter 250 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 2000 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 4 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 67 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 900TAVD SHALLOW ARCHEOLOGICAL AND AIRPORT RUNWAY INVESTIGATIONS 900 MHz antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 2m assuming a dielectric constant of 5 With an antenna traverse speed of approximately 50cm per second the horizontal sample interval is approximately 2cm Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 30ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 4 Vertical High Pass Filter 100 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 1800 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 4 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 900TAD CONCR
70. hysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 CHAPTER 6 OPERATION WITH THE GSSI DPU 5400 AND GS 608P THERMAL PLOTTERS PAGE 47 NOTE Because of the required high data acquisition speeds of the SIR 2 only the GSSI DPU 5400 and GS 608P printers can be used with the SIR 2 Other printers are not supported PAGE 47 NOTE The printer should not be connected during power up of the SIR 2 If the SIR 2 seems to hang up during power up disconnect the printer or parallel data transfer cable Chapter 7 File Operations Compress Delete amp Transfer PAGE 49 NOTE If you wish to compress delete or transfer all the disk files or a majority of the files you should first activate the Select All command at the bottom of the second column of the File commands 86 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 D 2 LIST OF CAUTIONS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION PAGE 4 CAUTION If you power the system from an automobile battery you must keep the car running while operating the system If during system operation the input power becomes low the green light above the power button will begin flashing You should shut down the system as soon as possible and replace or recharge your power source CHAPTER 2 BASICS OF SYSTEM OPERATION PAGE 7 AN Z CAUTION If you connect a printer to the SIR 2 the printer must be powered ON before the SIR 2 PAGE 8 CAUTION If the battery voltage is low the gre
71. in mines where the walls are not flat and in heavily overgrown field sites such as many landfills Also in cases where deep penetration is necessary or in conductive subsurface conditions it is sometimes advantageous to use the discrete data point collection method with large stacking values Start collecting data by pressing the Run Standby akey or a marker connected to your antenna The system will output one scan and then standby Move the antenna to the next station and press the Run Standby Ca key or the antenna marker key to collect a scan at 36 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 that station Continue this collection technique until the end of the survey line To stop collecting data at the end of a survey line press the Run Standby key and hold for 2 seconds at the last station This will close the file and the system will be ready for the next survey line NOTE The antenna marker switch cannot be used to close the data file at the end of a line in point mode You must use the Run Standby a key to close the file in this mode This is done by holding the Run Standby Ca key depressed for 2 seconds at the last station on the line 37 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 38 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 CHAPTER 5 DATA PLAYBACK AND REVIEW Selection of files to playback and setup of system display processing and output during playback are don
72. indow If as the scan is moved down the viewing window more data appears above then the Auto Position has not found the surface reflection You should continue to move the scan down the window until the data becomes a nearly flat line at the top of the screen The large reflection just below the flat data zone will be the surface reflection The gain should be set to Manual when manually adjusting the scan position To manually move the data scan up or down in the window set Position to Manual A fourth column will appear which will allow you to move the scan The Step parameter controls how much the scan is moved up and down and is changed using the Right and Left arrow keys Use the Up Warrow key increase time in ns to move the data scan up in the window and use the Down Jarrow key decrease time in ns to move the data scan down in the window Gain should be set to Manual when manually adjusting the position When using Manual signal position keep the gains at a minimum when searching for the transmit pulse 23 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 FILTERS The filters command can be set to Auto or Manual by highlighting the command and pressing the Enter e key In Auto Mode the system estimates the center frequency of the data and sets the Vert HP vertical high pass filter to a frequency three octaves below and sets the Vert LP vertical low pass filter to a frequency one octave above the center frequency T
73. ing window is approximately 3m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 60ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 1000 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 4 scans Transmit Rate 64 KHz 69 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 500DPH 500 MHz dual power antenna on high transmit power setting Depth of viewing window is approximately 5m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 100ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 1000 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 4 scans Transmit Rate 32 KHz S500DPL 500 MHz dual power antenna on low transmit power setting Depth of viewing window is approximately 5m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 100ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 1000 MHz Scans per second 32 Horizontal Smoothing 4 scans Transmit Rate 32 KHz 400D 400 MHz antenna Depth of viewing window is approximately 5m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 100ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical Hi
74. ked to confirm deletions 7 3 Transferring Data Files From The SIR 2 To A Computer The file transfer command Transfer is accessed from the Files command in the COLLECT SETUP MENU block or the PLAYBACK SETUP MENU block On the software utilities disk provided with your SIR 2 there is a program named SIR2FTR EXE Copy this program to the directory on your computer where you want to store the transferred data files To transfer data to a computer you must first connect the SIR 2 parallel data transfer cable from the SIR 2 PARALLEL connector to an enhanced bi directional parallel port EPP in the computer BOTH THE COMPUTER AND SIR 2 MUST BE TURNED ON BEFORE CONNECTING THE PARALLEL DATA TRANSFER CABLE Simple to install bi directional parallel port computer cards are available from GSSI WARNING The SIR 2 parallel data transfer cable should only be connected to an enhanced bi directional parallel port EPP in your computer The parallel ports of most computers are output only If you connect the parallel data transfer cable to an output only parallel port on your computer damage will occur to the computer parallel port If you are uncertain that your computer has a bi directional parallel port do not connect the cable and try it Refer to your computer manual or call your computer sales representative GSSI is not responsible for any damage that occurs to computer parallel ports Simple to install enhanced bi directional parallel por
75. key to select the beginning of the block Now using the Right Jarrow key move the cursor until it is on the last furthest to the right scan of the block of data you wish to select As you move the cursor a cross hatched diagonal highlighted area will appear over the data that will be selected Press the Up f arrow key to complete the selection Press the Print amp key to print the selected data block Press Enter e and then select Dump To File to save the selected block in a file If Disk On is selected data will be stored to the file with name FILENAME L a letter A Z will be appended to the original file name otherwise a file name with a number greater than the last file number recorded will be created Press the Enter e key to exit the Select Block function DUMP TO FILE This command enables you to save a selected block to a separate data file After a block of data has been selected highlight the Dump To File command and press Enter 35 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 DROP MENU This command will cause the command menu to disappear so the bottom of the data can be viewed GO TO SETUP Selecting this command will put the system in the Collect Setup Mode and close the current file 4 3 Survey Wheel Controlled Data Collection Method In this mode of operation a survey wheel attached to an antenna controls the scanning of the SIR 2 system Parameters are set so that data are acquired
76. llows you to change the value of the parameter The samp scan can be set to 128 256 512 1024 or 2048 This value is normally set to 512 samples scan which is the best value for most applications However for each antenna frequency there is a maximum value that the range should be set when recording 512 samples scan and occasionally you may wish to set the range beyond this value In this case you must increase the samples scan to a higher value otherwise your data will be under sampled or aliased 1 e resolution will be lost This maximum permissible range when recording 512 samples scan is calculated by the following formula 25 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Maximum Range 512 100 Antenna Center Frequency where the antenna center frequency is in Megahertz For example using the 500 MHz antenna Maximum Range 512 100 500 102 nanoseconds If using the 500 MHz and you decided to set the range beyond 102 nanoseconds then the samples scan should be increased to 1024 or 2048 if necessary The maximum permissible range for any given antenna and samples scan SS value is calculated by Maximum Range SS 100 Antenna Center Frequency One more example For a 100 MHz antenna and 1024 samples scan the maximum permissible range would be 1024 nanoseconds 1024 100 100 If you wish to conserve disk storage space you may wish to record 256 or 128 samples scan Howeve
77. mber of scans to skip for printing and display This will have no effect on the scans recorded For example a skip 1 will skip every other scan for printing and display A skip of 2 will print a scan skip two scans and print the next scan 3 3 Saving The System Parameter Settings For Future Use After setting up the system operating parameters you may wish to save the setting for future use This is done by using the Save Setup command accessed from the Setup command in the COLLECT SETUP MENU block or the PLAYBACK SETUP MENU block This command is at the bottom of the second column of commands SAVE SETUP This command allows you to save all of the current system settings into a setup file This file can then be recalled any time in the future and the system will be set to the current 31 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 settings Settings files can be recalled at any time using the Recall Setup command see Section 2 6 for details When this command is highlighted and the Enter e key pressed a list of 56 possible setup files will be displayed on the screen Use the Arrow keys to highlight the setup number where you wish to save the current settings Press the Enter e key to save the settings SHOW SETUP This command shows the current system settings 32 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 CHAPTER 4 DATA COLLECTION 4 1 Preparing For Data Collection After setting the ope
78. me If the Vert Scale Display parameter is set to Depth the horizontal line gives the depth of an object in meters 34 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 2D GRID This function is not operational at this time When 2d Grid is operational this parameter is the line number that will be entered into the file header for the next line of data to be acquired STARTP When 2d Grid is operational this parameter is the Y coordinate value for the starting point of the line ENDP When 2d Grid is operational this parameter is the Y coordinate for the ending point of the line MARK INTVL When 2d Grid is operational this parameter is the Y coordinate interval between marker survey grid locations along the line STEP For the parameter shown in the box above this is the increment that will be used when changing the value of the parameter After the desired value of the parameter is set press the Enter e key to register that value in the system SELECT BLOCK This command is used to select a block of data for printing or saving to disk The block of data selected can be more than one screen size When this command is selected the command menu will disappear from the screen and a vertical line cursor will appear in the middle of the screen Move the cursor using the Right 8 and Left J arrow keys until it is on the first leftmost scan of the block of data you want to select Press the Down arrow
79. me value from the Table 1 above and the result will be an estimate of the depth to the object or layer Alternatively if the VERT SCALE DEPTH the cursor will read the depth directly provided the dielectric value is set properly GAIN The signal from the antenna that enters the SIR 2 is very low amplitude and must be amplified by the system for viewing and interpretation The amount of amplification necessary depends upon the subsurface conditions at the particular site and varies from site to site The gain function curve is equal to the amount of amplification the SIR 2 applies and can be set to provide the best amplification for data presentation at the site you are working on The gain parameter can be set to Auto or Manual using the Enter key When set to Auto the system will automatically set a gain function based on the data input When in Manual Mode the user can manually change the gain function When this is set to Manual the gain point values appear in the third column and can be adjusted Since reflections from greater depths require more amplification the amount of amplification increases with depth Thus the SIR 2 applies what is called a time varying gain TVG curve The number of points used to define the curve is controlled by the user and can vary from 1 to 8 The use of 3 to 5 gain points is typical When manually adjusting the gain curve the gains are set correctly when the largest signals reflections in the os
80. nect the antenna to the SIR 2 before powering ON the system 2 The male end of the DC power cable should be connected to the battery connector on the control unit The following connections are for optional items a Ifa thermal printer is to be used the male end of the thermal printer cable should be connected to the parallel connector of the control unit and the other end should be connected to the printer See Chapter 6 for details on using thermal printers J Z CAUTION If you connect a printer to the SIR 2 the printer must be powered ON before the SIR 2 b Ifa survey wheel is to be used connect the survey wheel to the antenna After all other connections have been made connect the power cable to the power source If the battery voltage is adequate the green light above the power button will become illuminated and remain illuminated If the battery voltage is low the green light will flash If the green light is flashing you should correct the low voltage problem before starting the system 7 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 A N CAUTION If the battery voltage is low the green light above the power button will flash If the green light is flashing you should correct the low voltage problem before starting the system 2 2 System Startup This section will describe the initial sequence during startup Pressing the Power button in the top left corner of the SIR 2 will turn
81. nge of values a parameter change box will appear as a third column The Up Hand Down Wkeys will be used to increment decrement value of the parameter by the step size the Left s and Right G keys will allow you to select step size The Enter key will set the selected value of that parameter NOTE Throughout the remainder of the manual when the expression select a command is used it means move the highlight bar to illuminate that command and then press the Enter e key This will select i e activate that command Let s look at some examples of using the menus 1 PLAYBACK SETUP menu block if you highlight the Files command from the leftmost column a list of commands will appear in a second column 2 Now using the Arrow G keys move to the second column and highlight the Compress command A third column containing two compression commands appear Method and Do Compress 3 Finally if you move the highlight bar to the Method command and press the Enter key three times slowly Notice that this changes the type of compression method 4 Inthe COLLECT SETUP MENU block move the highlight bar to the Setup command and then to the Range command Notice that a parameter change box appears to the right Move the highlight bar to the Parameter Change box to change the value of the range Then press the Enter k key to register the change 2 6 Recalling Preset Files To Automatically Set The System For Data Acquisition When t
82. oggle the system between Collect Setup Mode Playback Setup Mode and the Setup Parameters screen ENTER KEY amp This key is used to toggle through options of menu parameters surrounded by a box and to accept parameter value changes THE ARROW DIAMOND This arrow diamond is used to move around the menu columns It is also used to change the values of parameters where appropriate When in Collect Data Mode and the system is scanning pressing the Up t arrow will generate location markers in the data RUN STANDBY KEY When in COLLECT SETUP MENU block this key starts the system collecting data When the system is collecting data pressing this key will pause data collection When the system is collecting data pressing this key and holding it for 2 seconds will stop collecting data and close the file When in Playback Mode pressing this key will start playback of the selected file s Press the key a second time to pause data playback When paused press again to resume playback THE AMBER HDD INDICATOR LIGHT When the hard disk is active reading or writing data this light is illuminated 10 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 2 5 Navigating Through The User Menus 2 5 1 The Major Menu Blocks The SIR 2 has 4 major MENU blocks e COLLECT SETUP e PLAYBACK SETUP e PLAYBACK DATA e COLLECT DATA The system will identify which block is active by a message appearing in the lower portion of the menu block
83. ower button GREEN LIGHT When an adequate power source has been connected to the system the green indicator light will illuminate even before the system is turned on If the power source is inadequate the green light will be flashing or not illuminate A flashing green light indicates that the input voltage to the system is less than 10 2v or greater than 18 0v Check your power source to obtain the appropriate voltage If the input power becomes too low while operating the system the green light will begin flashing You 4 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 should shut down the system as soon as possible and replace or recharge your power source RED LIGHT When the system is turned on the red light will illuminate The battery charger supplied by GSSI with the SIR 2 if ordered with your system has two lights on the front panel One is a power indicator light which illuminates when input power is applied to the unit The other is a fast charge light which will illuminate only during the initial or fast charge phase of battery recharge When this light goes out it does not mean that the battery is fully charged only that the initial or high current draw phase of the recharge has finished To ensure that the battery is fully charged leave it connected to the charger for at least 8 hours Note When using a GSSI high or very high powered transmitter Models 775 776 777 or 778 with the SIR 2 you sho
84. p file and set the system A second screen will appear asking you to confirm the recall After the system is set you will be in the COLLECT SETUP MENU block If there is no antenna connected to the system and you try to recall a setup file the message No Data Available will appear on the screen e If you choose Previous Setup the system will recall the same operating parameter settings as the last time it was used It will then enter the COLLECT SETUP MENU block 8 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 e Ifan antenna is not connected to the system and you choose Previous Setup the system will enter the PLAYBACK SETUP MENU block See Chapter 5 for a description of the PLAYBACK SETUP MENU block If you accidentally choose Stored Setups press Enter e and then Cancel The system will then enter the PLAYBACK SETUP MENU BLOCK Once in the COLLECT SETUP MENU block data coming from the antenna will show on the top left of the screen and oscilloscope display of the data in the top right 1 4 of the screen and the bottom portion of the screen will show the COLLECT SETUP MENU block Note that the data being acquired at this time is only displayed to the screen and it is not saved on disk Review the remainder of Chapter 2 for a general description of how to use the system then go to Chapter 3 for system data collection parameters setup 2 2 1 System Startup for the SIR 2P When the SIR 2P is turned on and goes th
85. plays 94 scans per inch The Horizontal Zoom setting of 2 will give the best match between the aspect ratio of the video screen and that of the printout ORIENTATION This parameter controls the orientation of the data as it is printed on the paper The orientation can be Normal or Flipped and is changed by pressing the Enter W key 41 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 In the Normal setting the top of the data will print at the top of the paper In the Flipped setting the top of the data will print at the bottom of the paper This feature is useful when adjacent survey lines are collected in opposite directions When the direction of data collection is reversed and the data printout is set to Flipped you will be able to align all the printouts and compare adjacent features For example if the odd numbered survey lines 1 3 5 7 are collected from East to West and printed Normal and the even numbered survey lines 2 4 6 8 are collected from West to East and printed Flipped you will be able to align all printouts in their proper perspective and compare features DISPLAY This command controls how the data is displayed on the video screen and printer There are three types of data display Linescan Wiggle and O Scope Use the Enter e key to toggle through the three types of displays When the display type is changed the appropriate Display parameter menus requiring input appear in the column three
86. ples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 10 Vertical Low Pass Filter 60 Scans per second 32 Stacking 32 scans Transmit Rate 32 KHz 75 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 LF480CM Low Frequency antenna set to a length of 4 8m Data Collection Mode Point Range 1000ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 6 Vertical Low Pass Filter 40 Scans per second 32 Stacking 32 scans Transmit Rate 32KHz LF600CM Low Frequency antenna set to a length of 6 0m Data Collection Mode Point Range 1000ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 8 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 1 Vertical Low Pass Filter 50 Scans per second 32 Stacking 32 scans Transmit Rate 32 KHz BH120 Borehole antenna frequency 120 MHz Note The borehole antennas are unshielded Data Collection Mode Point Range 500ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 240 MHz Scans per second 32 Stacking 32 scans 76 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 BH300 Borehole antenna frequency 300 MHz Data Collection Mode Point Range 300ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 38 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 600 MHz Scans per se
87. r you must use the maximum range formula to ensure that you are not under sampling your data Always set your range first then decide if you can use less than 512 samples scan BITS SAMPLE The Bits Sample parameter can be set to either 8 or 16 by toggling the Enter amp key The number of bits determines the dynamic range of the data Data recorded at 16 bits has better dynamic range i e the data can discriminate between two reflectors of small amplitude differences but this will use twice the disk storage as 8 bit data If your survey objective is to find high amplitude targets such as metal voids or highly reflective layer you should set Bits Sample to 8 This will provide adequate dynamic range and save disk space If your survey objective is to map the various layers of the subsurface and they have a wide range of amplitudes and you plan on post processing the data on a computer you should set the number of bits to 16 SCANS SECOND This parameter controls the horizontal sampling rate along the ground when the system is in Continuous Mode When Scans Second is selected a fourth menu column appears which will allow you to change the value The possible values of this parameter depend upon the samples scan setting selected You should always set the Samples Scan before the Scans Second 26 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 SAMPLESSCAN SETTING SCANS SECOND CHOICES 128 16 24 32 48 64 256 16 2
88. rating system parameters either automatically see Sections 2 6 and 3 1 or manually see Chapter 3 you are ready to collect data As a reminder we have listed below three critical parameters that you should verify e Is the Disk Output set to ON e Have you selected the correct Run Mode either Cont continuous SW survey wheel or Point point collection If you are using a survey wheel has it been calibrated e If you are going to print data real time have you selected the correct printer and set Print to ON The COLLECT DATA MENU block is entered by pressing the Run Standby key What you see on the screen will depend upon the Run Mode you set e If the Run Mode is set to Cont continuous the system will begin collecting data and it will show across the screen The file and scan number will appear in the lower right corner of the screen e If the Run Mode is set to SW survey wheel a scan will appear on the left end of the screen and the rest of the screen will remain blank until you begin to move the antenna survey wheel e Ifthe Run Mode is set to Point point collection a scan will appear on the left end of the screen The rest of the screen will remain blank until you press the Run Standby Ca key or the marker to begin collect the next data point or survey station Section 4 2 describes continuous data acquisition and the parameters in the COLLECT DATA MENU block Section 4 3 will describe operation in the su
89. rements will be incorrect 88 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Chapter 7 File Operations Compress Delete amp Transfer PAGE 50 WARNING The SIR 2 parallel data transfer cable should only be connected to a bi directional parallel port of your computer The parallel ports of most computers are output only If you connect the parallel data transfer cable to an output only parallel port on your computer damage will occur to the computer parallel port If you are uncertain that your computer has a bi directional parallel port do not connect the cable and try it refer to your computer manual or call your computer sales representative GSSI is not responsible for any damage that occurs to computer parallel ports Simple to install bi directional parallel port computer cards are available from GSSI Or when ordering a new computer request that the manufacturer install a bi directional parallel port the extra cost is normally very low Information on SIR 2 printer paper usage rates and hard disk storage The SIR 2 printer paper rolls are 100m long The SIR 2 prints real time maximum horizontal density at 80 scans cm Assuming 32 scans sec you can print 6 km of data at an acquisition rate of 1m sec for a total print time of 17 hours HARD DISK DATA STORAGE Depending when your SIR 2 was manufactured it has one of the following hard drives ST9235AG HARD DISK DRIVE 210MB 2 1 2 ST9550AG HARD
90. rol unit are the keypad video screen connector panel and indicator lights The keypad consists of 10 keys which are used to control operation of the unit The VGA liquid crystal display LCD video screen provides real time or playback viewing of the data There are five connectors located on the SIR 2 The connector labeled BATTERY connects to the power supply The connector labeled ANTENNA connects to a GSSI antenna The PARALLEL connector is used to connect a thermal printer or to transfer data to a computer The MULTIFUNCTION connector will connect to the upgrade adapter cable or optional Model 25 multifunction box The XMIT connector provides a fiber optic transmit trigger output for the Model 3200 Multiple Low Frequency MLF antenna The red and green indicator lights located above the power switch indicate power supply to the unit The amber light on the upper right to indicate hard disk activity 3 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Powered by a 12 VDC battery there are two ways that the system can be used either as a stationary unit or as portable unit to be carried by the investigator The system is setup and run by the operator via the keypad on the front of the unit Data can be stored on an internal hard disk drive and optionally printed in real time on a thermal printer Data is transferred from the system to a computer via a parallel port for post processing and analysis The SIR 2 can be used with all GS
91. rough its boot routine you will see a small window near the top of the screen that says 1 or Fl Run SIR 2 2 or F2 WIN95 RADAN If you take no action for 30 seconds the system will default to SIR 2 mode When it boots into the SIR 2 mode you will be given a choice of two modes of operation at the top screen press Run for Automatic operation or press Enter for Standard operation Once in SIR 2 mode if you want to switch to the Windows95 WIN 95 mode you must turn the system OFF and reboot then select option 2 WIN95 RADAN In WIN95 mode the system acts like a normal computer with the Windows 95 operating system From here you can launch RADAN or any other software that has been pre loaded To turn the system OFF in WIN95 mode hold the power switch down for at least 8 seconds If you connect the SIR 2P to a network through the ethernet connection the password to use is sir2p 2 3 Using The HELP Key To Get Help Highlight any menu command and then press the Help key to get help on that command Press the Help 2 key and then the Enter key to get general help on the system Help for some commands is longer than one screen and in these cases use the Down WJarrow key to obtain the additional screens of help NOTE General system help can be obtained by pressing the Help key and then the Enter key If at any time you are unsure of the current system parameter settings press the Collect Playback key until
92. rvey wheel controlled method and Section 4 4 will describe operation with the discrete data point method All users should read section 4 2 4 2 Continuous Data Collection Method The antenna is pulled continuously across the ground and the SIR 2 collects data at the number of scans per second selected The data collection rate is independent of the speed at which the antenna is pulled The resulting subsurface profile is referenced to a ground 33 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 location via the operator placing electronic marker events on the data as the antenna crosses survey grid points e Start collecting data by pressing the Run Standby a key or a marker switch connected to your antenna once Each subsequent pressing of the switch will place a mark in the radar record Pressing the Up Arrow key on the control unit will also generate marks e To stop collecting data at the end of a survey line press the Run Standby key The system will now be in standby mode and the data for that line can be reviewed To stop collecting data close the data file and start another line press the Run Standby key and HOLD IT DOWN FOR 2 SECONDS Note that this method of closing the file can only be done when the system is collecting data If the system is in Standby you must first press Run Standby a to begin collection then press Run Standby Ca and hold it down for 2 seconds A file may also be closed while in Stand
93. s the following few parameters should be checked to ensure that they are optimal for your specific site The system should be in the COLLECT SETUP menu block 1 Check the Range i e depth of viewing This is done by moving the highlight bar up to the Range parameter The appropriate range value is calculated by the following formula RANGE VALUE Maximum Depth of Interest T 1 5 Where T is the two way travel time of the subsurface materials at your site For a table of two way travel time values see the discussion of range in Section 3 2 2 After the range value is changed the system will automatically find the position of the ground surface reflection and place it at the top of the data screen It will also readjust the gains the message servo in progress please wait will appear and the speaker will emit a clicking sound while this is occurring 2 Check the position of the ground surface reflection Normally the surface reflection will appear in the color bar at the top of the O scope data display Occasionally the system will misidentify a different reflection for the ground surface reflection It is especially prone to do this with the horn antennas 1000 MHz antenna 3200 MLF antenna bistatic 100 MHz and the bistatic 300 MHz antenna In this case the real surface reflection will occur before the top of the signal as displayed in the O scope display Move the highlight bar down until the Position command is hig
94. s along the survey lines set the Run Mode to Point 5 Check your output devices Go to the OUTPUT MENU item and check to ensure that Disk is ON If you want to use a thermal printer to make real time printouts of your data set Print to ON Note there will be a long delay here about a minute if the printer is not connected and powered ON the speaker will sound and the screen will display a window that says Plotter error Hit any key to continue If you press the key more than once the delay time will stack up 6 Check the Display Mode By default the display is Color Linescan If you want to change to Linescan grayscale Wiggle trace or Oscilloscope display change the Display Parameter 7 Press the Run Standby Qa key to begin collecting data This will start the data collection and place the system in the COLLECT DATA MENU block See Chapter 4 for further details on data collection 16 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 3 2 Complete Description Of Collect Setup Menu Block SETUP When this command is highlighted a set of system data collection parameters that can be set appears in the second column The commands that will appear in the second column are Setup Mode Run Mode Range Gain Position Filters Scan Save Setup Recall Setup and Show Setup SETUP MODE This parameter determines how the system parameters will be set There are two setup modes Automatic and Manual The mode is c
95. scan of a file is output as 3 scans on the printer etc When in Linescan Mode the DPU5400 and the GS 608P print 200 and 203 scans per inch respectively The SIR 2 video display displays 94 scans per inch A Horizontal Zoom setting of 2 will give the best match between the video screen and the printout Once a file is selected you can play it back by pressing the Run Standby key You can stop the system playing back at any point in the file by pressing Run Standby a again This will pause the playback and allow you to move the cursor around to points of interest in the data You can make position and signal amplitude measurements which can help you in data interpretation To resume playback press the Run Standby Ga key again When you reach the end of the file the image will stop scrolling and the cursor will appear superimposed on the data To exit Playback Mode and return to standby toggle the Collect Playback dkey 62 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 APPENDIX A CONTENTS OF THE PARAMETER SETUP FILES A 1 Brief Description Of Pre Loaded Setups 2500HS 2500HHR 1000HS 1000HHR 1000TAD 1000TAS 900TAVD 900TAD 900TAS 500D 500S 500DPH 500DPL 400D This setup is for the 2500 MHz Horn antenna at high data acquisition speed Maximum data acquisition speed 80kph SOmph with a sample interval of 0 4m Range 10ns 2500 MHz Horn antenna for high horizontal resolution pavement
96. selectable fixed ranges of 8 15 25 35 50 70 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 750 1000 PULSE REPETITION RATE Automatically selected 8 to 64 KHz SAMPLING Automatically or manually selected 128 256 512 1024 or 2048 samples scan QUANTIZATION 8 or 16 bit INPUT POWER 12VDC from vehicle or belt mounted rechargeable battery pack with operating range of 10 12 5 volts 100 watts 81 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Mechanical 29cm x 27cm x 14cm 11 4in x 10 6in x 5 5in 6 3kg 13 81bs Environmental OPERATING TEMPERATURE 0 C to 40 C 32 F to 104 F external RELATIVE HUMIDITY 0 100 STORAGE TEMPERATURE 25 C to 50 C 20 F to 122 F WATER Splashproof not intended to be immersed DUST All sensitive components are housed in dust resistant enclosures 82 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 APPENDIX D LIST OF NOTES AND CAUTIONS D 1 LIST OF NOTES HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL PAGE 1 NOTE This manual assumes that you will have a SIR 2 available and in operation when reading this manual Help can be obtained on any command by pressing the Help key General system help is obtained by pressing the HELP 2 key and then the ENTER key CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION PAGE 5 NOTE The SIR 2 is designed to operate from 0 C 32 F to 40 C 104 F The SIR 2 control unit can operate in dusty humid or foggy environments but it should not
97. sseesssressresseesseeesseee 33 4 3 Survey Wheel Controlled Data Collection Method ssesesssessssseesseesssessessseesssee 36 4 4 Discrete Data Point Data Collection Method 00 cece eeseeceeneeceeeeeceeeeeceeeeeeeteeeesaes 36 CHAPTER 5 DATA PLAYBACK AND REVIEW essessoesoessessoesocssessossocsscssossosssesssee 39 5 1 Playback Setup Menu LOCK nri i E E E TEE E K 39 5 1 1 Setup For Processing Of Playback Data cccsccccccesscccecssececessssceeesesseeeesssseeeess 39 5 1 2 Data Display And Printing During PlaybDdCK cccccccccsssceeecnneceteenteeecesseseeeeees 41 5 1 3 Selecting Files For Playback tcnteio nti scene ee 45 522 Playback Data Men Block ocak culos auiccevotudsas cage ooauhang dann da ubse A oat ones 45 CHAPTER 6 OPERATION WITH THE GSSI DPU 5400 AND GS 608P THERMALE PEO FEES sicsps cscs haves bcis sues pbavekashuaseusng sunveabo Sousssbuceeassesonnsavosab sspieesachases 49 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 CHAPTER 7 FILE OPERATIONS COMPRESS DELETE amp TRANSFER 51 7 1 File Compression To Save Disk Space cee ceeessecsseceseceeeeeeseecsaeceseeeseeesaeeenaeesees 51 7 2 Deleting Data Files To Save Disk Space 22 s cccssiean vieieiiaeteiedesinateen dieiietes 52 7 3 Transferring Data Files From The SIR 2 To A Computer ssececceseeeeeeererereeee 52 7 3 1 Alternate Transfer Method Applying Gains amp Filt rs ccccccccccsccccesseseseeesteees 53 7 3 2 Secondary Transfer Method
98. t EPP computer cards are available from GSSI Or when ordering a new computer request that the manufacturer install a bi directional parallel port The extra cost is normally very low Start the transfer program on your computer by typing SIR2FTR PP address of the parallel port If you purchased a bi directional parallel port card from GSSI the above command would be SIR2FTR PP 278 52 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 where 278 is the address of the parallel port If your computer has already installed a bi directional parallel port you must enter the correct address To determine the address of your bi directional parallel port refer to your computer documentation TRANSFER When the SIR 2 Transfer command is activated a directory of the data files stored on the SIR 2 appears on the screen Select the files you wish to transfer and then begin the transfer process Data is transferred at a rate of approximately 30 kilobytes second 7 3 1 Alternate Transfer Method Applying Gains amp Filters During data playback on the SIR 2 additional filters and gains can be applied to the data for details see Section 5 1 and the processed data can be transferred to a computer If during the data playback process you wish to simultaneously transfer data to a computer set XFER command from the PLAYBACK SETUP OUTPUT MENU to ON Go to the PLAYBACK DATA MENU block and use the normal procedure to playback files
99. t each wiggle The larger the scale value the larger the wiggle representation In O Scope Mode the scaling parameter defines the section of the amplitude scale observed When Scale is 1 the full amplitude scale is shown When Scale is 2 only the bottom 50 of the amplitude scale is shown When Scale is 3 only the bottom 30 of the amplitude scale is shown etc Increasing the Scale parameter allows one to progressively zoom in on the scan HOR SCALE This parameter controls the Horizontal Scale labeling when in O Scope Display Mode The Horizontal Scale can be set to Time Depth or None If None no horizontal scale will be printed in the Wiggle Mode but a time scale will be printed in O Scope Mode If set to Time the horizontal scale will be two way travel time in nanoseconds If set to Depth the horizontal scale will be in meters below the surface Note that the depth scale is only approximate based on the ASSUMED dielectric constant of the subsurface See the DIEL parameter help for details SPACE The spacing parameter sets how many vertical lines to move before printing the next wiggle The higher the spacing value the larger the spacing between wiggles STACK The stacking refers to the number of incoming scans to stack for printing and display This stacking does not apply to the recorded data For example a stack 4 will stack incoming scans into one 1 output scan for printing and display SKIP Skip refers to the nu
100. t your site will likely vary somewhat from the estimated values 20 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 Material T ns meters T ns feet Air 6 5 2 Ice 13 4 Snow 8 23 Water 59 18 Asphalt 14 4 5 Dry concrete 15 4 5 Wet concrete 23 7 Dry sands 13 4 Wet sands 25 5 7 5 Saturated sands 33 10 Dry sand amp gravel 15 5 4 5 Frozen sand amp gravel 14 5 4 5 Dry loamy clayey soils 10 5 3 Dry mineral sandy soils 16 5 Organic soils 52 5 16 Wet sandy soils 32 9 5 Frozen soil permafrost 16 5 Tills 22 6 5 Peats 51 5 15 5 Wet clay 34 10 5 Dry clay 13 4 Dry granite 14 5 4 5 Wet granite 16 5 5 Wet basalt 19 6 Volcanic ash 23 5 7 Potash ore 15 4 5 Dry bauxite 33 10 Syenite porphyry 16 5 Travertine 18 5 5 5 Coal 14 4 Dry limestone 15 5 4 5 Wet limestone 18 5 5 5 Wet sandstone 16 5 Dry salt 16 5 Approximate two way travel time values of various materials TABLE 1 21 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 ESTIMATING THE DEPTH OF A TARGET To estimate the depth of an object or layer on the radar record with the system in Standby enter the Cursor Mode from the COLLECT DATA MENU BLOCK and measure the two way travel time to the target This is done by moving the horizontal cursor line until it aligns with the top of the object the two way travel time is the Y value in nanoseconds ns at the bottom of the screen Divide the two way travel time by your estimated two way travel ti
101. tered from the PLAYBACK SETUP MENU block by pressing the Run Standby Qa key REVIEWING THE CURRENT DATA FILE BY SCROLLING If the current data file size is greater than one screen the data file up to the limit of system memory can be reviewed using the SIR 2 scroll capability Press the Run Standby key to put the system in Standby Use the Right gt arrow key to view data to the left of the current data screen and use the Left arrow to view data to the right of the current data screen 45 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 THE PLAYBACK DATA MENU COMMANDS PLAYBACK This toggle command will alternatively display the current file header on the screen or clear the data section of the screen CURSOR When Cursor is activated a dashed cross hairs appears on the screen The horizontal line gives the two way travel time from the beginning of the scan to the object in nanoseconds ns if the Vert Scale display parameter is set to Time If the Vert Scale display parameter is set to Depth the horizontal line gives the depth of an object in meters ZA CAUTION The measurement of two way travel time or depth assumes that the surface reflection is at the top of the data screen If it is not then the measurements will be incorrect VIEW This function controls the data viewing on the screen It has four settings Full Upper Middle and Deep It does not affect the recorded data Use the Enter Okey to to
102. the system parameters screen appears 9 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 2 4 The Operating Keys The SIR 2 is operated via a scrolling menu system which is controlled by nine keys There is also a power ON OFF akey This section describes the function of the operating keys and the three indicator lights on the top of the system POWER KEY This key is used to turn the system ON and OFF If power is accidentally disconnected an internal battery supplies adequate power to ensure that the current disk file is properly closed RED AND GREEN POWER INDICATOR LIGHTS When the system is connected to an adequate power source whether the system is turned ON or OFF the green light will illuminate steady If the power source voltage is low the green light will flash If the green light is flashing you should not turn the system ON When the system is powered ON the red indicator light should illuminate The green light will begin flashing during operation if the voltage drops below acceptable levels See Section 1 3 for more details on the power lights HELP KEY Highlight any menu command and then press the Help key to get help on that command Press the Help 2 key and then the Enter key to get general help on the system PRINT KEY amp This key is used in conjunction with the Select Block command to produce snapshot prints of the data COLLECT PLAYBACK KEY This key is used to t
103. the transform The active Color Transform is shown in the upper right hand corner of the SIR 2 screen Different Color Transforms will emphasize different amplitude aspects of the data Compare Color Xform 3 which emphasizes the low data amplitudes and will represent 42 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 the data with multiple colors with Color Xform 5 which emphasizes the high data amplitudes and will decrease the amount of color representing the data During system setup you should always use Color Xform 1 linear We also recommend using Color Xform 1 when collecting data During data playback Color Xform 2 is useful when viewing low amplitude regions and Color Xform 4 is useful when the objective is to see only high amplitude targets e metal or voids VERT SCALE This parameter controls the vertical scale labeling The vertical scale can be set to Time Depth or None If None is selected no vertical scale will be printed If set to Time the vertical scale will show two way travel time in nanoseconds If set to Depth the vertical scale will display meters below the surface Note that the depth scale is only approximate and based on an assumed dielectric constant value for the subsurface See the Diel parameter help for details DIEL This parameter is the value of dielectric constant used to convert two way travel time to depth The value can range from 1 to 81 or more and varies greatly with
104. tly 60 to 80 red orange and yellow reflections using the default Color Table 2 And Color Transform 1 If you use a different color table or transform the above colors will not apply If the gains values are too low a significant gt 25 portion of the data reflections will show as black and grey low signal In this case increase the value of the gain point s associated with the low signal zone until the signals in that zone are red and orange The time markers to the left of the oscilloscope display correspond to the gain points Thus the time label at the top of the screen is gain point 1 and the next time label is gain point 2 the next time label is gain point 3 and so on The number of time labels is the same as the number of gain points Therefore if the top of the display has low amplitude you should increase the value of gain points 1 and 2 The gains are changed by changing the Gain parameter to manual by pressing the Enter e key and then changing the values of individual points See Section 3 2 2 for details on setting the gains 4 Check the Run Mode i e data collection method If you will be collecting data continuously along survey lines then Run Mode should be set to Cont If you will be using a GSSI survey wheel to control data collection Run Mode should be set to SW You must calibrate the survey wheel before using it See Section 3 2 1 for details If you will be collecting data at discrete data point
105. uld use the GSSI Model 570 fiber optic trigger between the transmitting and receiving antennas The SIR 2 does not have sufficient power to drive the high power pulse amplifiers at a satisfactory repetition rate when a coaxial cable is connecting the transmitting and receiving antennas 1 4 Operating Environment The SIR 2 is designed to operate from 0 C 32 F to 40 C 104 F The unit is environmentally sealed and can be used in dusty or humid environments Though the system is designed to withstand occasional exposure to water it should not be deliberately subjected to rain or immersed in water A heat sink plate is located in the bottom of the system and used to regulate the internal temperature of the unit and air must be free to circulate around it Therefore the system should not be operated while inside the carrying and storage pack The video screen is a color active matrix liquid crystal display LCD covered by a polarizing screen to improve viewing in bright light A velcro attachable sun shade is also included with your system However even with the polarizing screen the data can be difficult to view in bright sunlight Turning the system so that the screen does not directly face the sun and using the sun shade will make the data easier to view Sometimes it will be necessary to completely shade the unit in order to see the image on the screen NOTE The SIR 2 is designed to operate from 0 C 32 F to 40 C 104 F The SIR
106. ursor will appear in the radar profile A scale listing scan numbers will also appear at the bottom of the radar image You can navigate the cursor around the radar image using the Arrow keys and the window labeled cursor will contain position and amplitude information of features you indicate with the cursor If you get to either end of the image the screen will display the next or previous 50 scans depending on which direction you are going Pressing the Run Standby key again will return the system to Data Acquisition Mode When in Data Acquisition Mode pressing the Run Standby Ga key and holding it down for 2 seconds will stop the system scanning and close the file and the system will return to Setup Mode 9 2 DATA PLAYBACK Playback Mode is entered by toggling the Collect Playback key The PLAYBACK MENU will now be surrounded by a solid white line indicating it is active In Playback Mode you have the following operational options which you select and change by navigating through the menu the same way as in Collect Mode FILE NAME allows you to select the file you want to playback for review or printing DISPLAY allows you to select from either color or grayscale PRINTER ON or OFF PRINT ZOOM variable from 1 to 5 A value of 1 means that each scan of a data file is printed as one scan on the printer A value of 2 means that each scan of a file is output as 2 duplicate scans on the printer A value of 3 means that each
107. used to display the data There are 15 possible Color Tables from which to choose The Enter e key is used to change the Color Table by toggling through the choices The active Color Table is shown in the upper right hand corner of the SIR 2 screen above the oscilloscope display Each Color Table consists of 16 colors eight colors to represent positive amplitudes and eight colors to represent negative amplitudes Each data point in a scan is represented by a color or gray shade depending upon its value For example using Color Table 2 low amplitude data values will show as black high positive amplitudes as white and high negative amplitudes as gray Thus each scan results in a vertical line of colored or gray shaded dots on the SIR 2 screen As each scan is collected by the system the screen fills with vertical colored or grayscale lines to generate a profile image of the subsurface The Linescan color display is a good display for most applications but it is especially good to identify buried point targets ex drums voids pipes The Linescan grayscale display is a good display to identify buried pipes COLOR XFORM This parameter sets the Color Xform i e Transform to be used to display the data There are 8 possible Color Transforms from which to choose The Enter e key is used to change the transform The active Color Transform is shown in the upper right hand corner of the SIR 2 screen The Color Transform determines wheth
108. vely The SIR 2 video display displays 94 scans per inch A horizontal zoom setting of 2 will give the best match between the video screen and the printout ORIENTATION This parameter controls the orientation of the data as it is printed on the paper The orientation can be Normal or Flipped vertically and is changed by pressing the Enter key In the Normal setting the top of the data will print at the top of the paper In the Flipped setting the top of the data will print at the bottom of the paper This is useful when adjacent survey lines are collected in opposite directions When the direction of data collection is reversed and the data printout is set to Flipped you will be able to easily align all the printouts and compare adjacent features For example if the odd numbered survey lines 1 3 5 7 are collected from East to West and printed Normal and the even number survey lines 2 4 6 8 are collected from West to East and printed Flipped you will be able to align all printouts and compare features AN CAUTION The Scans Second parameter must be set to 32 or less when printing data during acquisition The Horizontal Zoom must be set to 1 when printing data during acquisition DISPLAY This command controls how the data is displayed to the video screen There are three types of data display Linescan Wiggle and O Scope Use the Enter e key to toggle through the three types of displays When the display type is ch
109. vey wheel attached to the antenna All lines will then have the same horizontal scaling This mode is preferable for surveys which require precise line locations UNITS 17 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc SIR 2 This parameter is used to set the survey units Use the Enter e key to switch between meters and feet SCANS UNIT The scans per unit parameter sets the horizontal sampling along the ground that is controlled by the survey wheel The larger the value for the scans unit the more often the radar will scan the ground For concrete surveys with the 1000 MHz or 900 MHz antennas a setting of 40 scans unit is typical For near surface 1 3 meters utility surveys with the 500 MHz or 300 MHz antennas a setting of 20 scans per meter is normal Often for large scale surveys i e bedrock mapping a coarser horizontal sampling is desired and settings of 1 to 10 scans per meter are typical Sometimes surveys are done pulling antennas with a vehicle at a higher rate of speed ex 2 5 meters 6 15 ft per second In these cases settings of 0 1 to 1 scans per unit are typical UNITS MARK This value determines how often distance marks are placed on the data display Typical values for concrete and near surface surveys where high horizontal resolution is critical are 1 marks every 10cm to 5 marks every 0 5 meters Typical values for utility surveys and deep stratigraphic surveys are 0 5 marks every 0 5 meters to 5 0
110. viewing window is approximately 25m assuming a dielectric constant of 9 Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 500ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 25 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 200 MHz Scans per second 16 Horizontal Smoothing 5 scans Transmit Rate 16 KHz S8OMHz 80 MHz folded bow tie antenna Note The 80 MHz antenna is unshielded Data Collection Mode Continuous Range 500ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 25 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 200 MHz Scans per second 32 Stacking 32 scans Transmit Rate 32 KHz 74 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc LF120CM SIR 2 Low Frequency antenna 1 2m length Note The MLF antennas are unshielded Data Collection Mode Point Range 250ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 30 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 160 MHz Scans per second 32 Stacking 32 scans Transmit Rate 32 KHz LF240CM Low Frequency antenna length 2 4m Data Collection Mode Point Range 500ns Samples per Scan 512 Resolution 16 bits Number of gain points 5 Vertical High Pass Filter 15 MHz Vertical Low Pass Filter 90 MHz Scans per second 32 Stacking 32 scans Transmit Rate 32 KHz LF360CM Low Frequency antenna length 3 6m Data Collection Mode Point Range 750ns Sam
111. ware connections 7 HDD indicator light 10 high amplitude targets 26 highlight bar 12 hor bkgr rm 25 hor scale 31 44 hor smooth 24 horizontal noise bands 25 horizontal sampling 26 horizontal zoom 28 41 interlnk 51 internal temperature 5 intersvr 51 keypad 3 landfills 36 large scale surveys 18 line 35 linescan 28 linescan display parameters 29 low frequency antenna 62 92 SIR 2 major menu blocks collect data 11 playback data 11 playback setup 11 manual 17 manual setup previous 8 mark intvl 35 maximum range 25 menu collect setup 17 menu playback data 45 menu playback setup 39 menus using 12 13 method 49 middle 45 mines 36 multifunction connector 3 multifunction port 55 notes 79 operating environment 5 operating keys 10 orientation flipped 28 41 normal 28 41 output 27 41 output devices 16 output parameters 27 parallel connector 3 parameter change box 12 playback 45 playback data 11 46 playback data processing 39 playback setup 9 11 46 position 23 power button 8 power indicator light green light 4 10 red light 4 10 power key 10 power requirements 4 print 27 41 print key 10 printer 27 41 proper signal amplification 16 ram data stored to 12 range 15 20 Manual MN72 140A Geophysical Survey Systems Inc recall setup 13 recalling reset files 13 red light 8 run mode 16 run standby key 10 16 running subtr

SIR System 2 - Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc.

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