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Nesis User`s Manual

1. Screen 4 arr aa rn rer rare 18 ET MEN sg esse See NE Se FE ES SDS EE SE SE 21 o a OTCE EE EE ee a SB ee a eS ee SD ae 21 4 Flight Time Activities 22 Ad DEnmecONE ass v r hd he we EEDA Le OS ee EAL SS 22 TJ QFE OPTa SSE aS SSS ee we cs 22 212 Tal ONE Serine sa r d ser SEE 29 KENT Sa A BEE 22 AD bis or Nearest Ai pOrs sp r rc os a en AE STE SSRS GA ma 23 25 electing a Way PO auk A ad a se Gen ia 24 4 3 1 The Waypoint Selection Mode arr rv ver rn rer 24 232 Ne Fill ar ts AS EKG FYRST ETAT S re Lag 25 200 KPT se Lak Keke MF RRA ES 25 DE NN A AE ey ee Ge 26 435 New User Waypoint ro send s re ST 2 KE SAG FA k r 26 AA Ros SAN av SSE Rab e dr 27 LATI Activating a Routes s e e 29308 erd EE SSD SETE ia o SG 27 4 4 2 Route Manipulation c e 4 405 ea SA Ge KA ee 27 4 5 Adjusting Fuel Level e o 28 Version 2 0 3 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual CONTENTS 5 Browsig the Map 29 oL Movmethe Map pr le er a e ve Ge GE de Eee 29 02 OOM Ie bie Mp ease verre e SEES ew 29 Dee NM EDEA AS Ge ee EE oe 30 TON ee De SN NA ke 30 er PTs er EA AD EN 31 HON gre UA fe ee PE e 31 6 Settings 32 bd Route Planner zs 20 ed se dad Na SS s are SEG gle 6 ee 39 6 1 1 Route List Commands sxsadk 664 ne Se 4 oe EL re SAG 34 6 1 2 Waypoint Editing Commands 200 34 002 TOD OOKs wr arks sa et os Ee bak ias ee ed sn 39 6 3 User Preferences c
2. 3 The vertical airspace situation bar illustrates vertical organization of airspace at given position The dark area is used to identify active airspace and clear area identifies no alrspace 4 The current baro corrected altitude is displayed on the same bar giving an idea what is the airplane vertical position regarding airspace zones 5 The top bar displays current wind speed and direction true airspeed ground speed number of visible GPS satellites local time it can also show UTC and flight time 7 Magu unit is required for the wind information Version 2 0 15 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 3 2 Navigation Screen 2 2 Heading Tracking 1 Large HSI 3 Vertical airspace info 5 Wind speed 5 sat 21 53 UTC FT 0 11 39 SAT 4 Feet FL time Ny gt 5000N SL DN 4 Altitude 6 Map scale 7 Active waypoint Info N Bear 281 Dist 19 km N47 38 4 RETA 21 59 R Dist 19 km Track 278 T 0 05 31 E9 45 6 R T 6995 XTK 3 4 km 8 Current position 9 Route info Figure 8 Illustration of the navigation screen 6 The map scale is shown according to the zoom level It can be used to estimate distances on the map 7 The bottom bar displays active waypoint bearing distance tracking and time needed to reach the waypoint 8 Current position of the airplane the latitude and longitude coordinates 9 Information about active route The bottom bar includes estimated time o
3. ROTOR RPM ENGINE x 100 gt on Ber x 1000 mi ENGINE RPM Figure 54 The combination of rotor RPM and engine RPM Both scales are fully configurable e The optional green range defines the recommended range of RPM e The optional yellow range defines the range of RPM which should not be used for longer period and should be generally avoided e The red arc limits the RPMs 7 7 Helicopter Rotor and Engine RPM Indicator Piston engine powered helicopters have engines directly connected to the rotor using some transmission of course So rotor RPM are directly related to engine RPM The instrument on figure 55 gives rotor and engine RPM expressed in percentages The scales are set in such a way that needles under normal operation have the same indication Any misalignment of needles can be easily spotted giving a clear indication that something is wrong with the transmission Version 2 0 57 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 7 8 Heading Indicator with Moving Map ROTOR Yo ENGINE 110 110 100 100 90 90 hy F ENGINE RPM Figure 55 The combination of rotor RPM and engine RPM Both scales are in percentages Like in the gyrocopter case the bottom window can be configured to show the manifold pressure Both scales are fully configurable e T he optional green range defines the recommended range of RPM e The optional yellow range defines the range of RPM which should not be used for
4. a new waypoint and Nesis goes into the direct to waypoint mode See page 23 e The Waypoint button opens a dialog where a waypoint is selected from database Way points are filtered according to their type distance from current position and name On selection Nesis goes into the direct to mode See page 24 e The Route button opens two different dialogs If no route is active a route selection is offered However if a route is already active a route leg or a route waypoint can be activated See section 4 4 on page 27 3 1 2 Moving Map Zoom Level Nesis keeps updating several different moving map zoom levels These levels are seamlessly computed in the background and are immediately available The only exception is the start up when Nesis needs some time to prepare the initial maps Zoom levels are changed by turning the knob button 3 2 Navigation Screen 2 The navigation screen is a large moving map combined with some additional information Large HSI scale and vertical airspace situation are painted over the map The top and bottom bars are used to display other significant information as it is depicted on figure 8 1 large horizontal situation circle over the map gives situational awareness The HSI circle and map rotate according to current tracking true heading or magnetic heading Tracking heading option is set in the Settings dialog see page 36 2 The tracking heading label shows current tracking heading course
5. longer period and should be generally avoided e The red lines limit the RPMs 7 8 Heading Indicator with Moving Map Nesis introduces a combination of heading indicator and moving map Traditionally a head ing indicator informs a pilot about the airplane heading However in Nesis a pilot can choose between true heading tracking and magnetic heading This selection was described in section 6 3 on page 36 e T he scale and the map is rotated in the direction of the airplane nose e The tracking option is based on the movement of the airplane In this case the scale and map are orientated in the direction of the airplane ground track The tracking information is based on the GPS tracking e The magnetic heading option displays the map in the magnetic direction detected by magnetic COMPass Figure 56 shows that the indicator is equipped with a lot of useful information e The direction box shows numeric information of current true heading gt 28 Heading indicator is also known as directional gyro 22 The Magu unit has a built in world magnetic model which provides magnetic worldwide declination and inclination information Hence the magnetic heading is automatically corrected into true heading Note however that the precision of the model is limited to general magnetic field behavior The model does not include large local anomalies and unpredictable events like magnetic storms 30 We will use the term heading to describ
6. pitch and yaw correction angles of the AHRS unit Airu e The Airplane Engine icon configures the engine related settings and sensors connected to the engine monitoring unit Daqu e The Tank Calibration icon starts setup procedure for the fuel level measuring hard ware and run procedures required for the fuel tank shape calibration e The Sensor Offset Correction alows zero adjustments of several sensors and engine time e The User Mode icon allows you to switch back to the user specific settings 6 1 Route Planner The route planner is used to manipulate routes The routes may be created edited or deleted Typically routes are created on ground as a part of the flight planning process Note that you can also use the browse mode of the navigation screen to create the routes See section 5 4 starting on page 30 Figure 27 shows the route planner dialog It has three logical parts e The Cruising speed indicates your cruising speed You can change it in the User preferences dialog e The Route list displays existing routes Routes can be created edited deleted or reversed e The Waypoint list displays waypoints in the selected route When the waypoint list is active waypoints can be inserted deleted and reversed Version 2 0 33 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 1 Route Planner Cruising speed Routes 95 mph LFMD ET EDNL EDNY LICL LIMB Waypoints for WANKI ETSL route ST GALLEN ALTEN
7. 2010 9 25 A Code HEAD ce nesis bin_1 1 1svn311 6 armv7l deb 894 7 KiB 10 12 10 14 50 DVD Drive E libgt4 4 6 2 8 armv7l deb 11513KB DEBFle 9 12 2010 9 26 Af nesis data_1 1 a14_all deb 9 3 MiB 10 12 10 14 49 2 295KB DEBFie 9 12 2010 9 26 9 12 2010 9 26 10 12 2010 13 50 10 12 2010 13 49 10 12 2010 13 49 9 12 2010 9 26 9 12 2010 9 26 Removable Disk F l linux image_2 6 34 01_armv7l deb lt Removable Disk G pg OE a a nesis 1 1svn armv 1 del Ge Removable DERE ness data 1 1 214 aldeb 9523 KB DEB Fie S KINGSTON 1 l nesis firmware_1 1 a23_all deb 397 KB DEB File amp S t Removable Disk J E nesis script 1 1 5 armv7l deb 3 KB DEB Fie 3 W memory card o z m IZA O a aan enn l omap3 gumu km_1 0 2_armv7l deb 8 KB DEB File lt if gt 33 9 MB 543 My Computer 222 KB DEB File E nesis firmware_1 1 a23_all deb 895 KB DEB File 396 9 KIB 10 12 1014 49 a KINGSTON re oa nesis script_1 1 5_armv 7 l deb 2 2KiB 09 12 10 10 26 id omap3 gumu km 1 0 2 armv7l deb 7 6 KiB 09 12 10 10 26 vill omap3 sgx km_1 4 14 2616 2_armv 7l deb 640 8 KIB 09 12 10 10 26 14 Files 34 0 MiB a L Figure 34 Package files extracted into the root section of an USB stick Windows Explorer left Linux KDE Dolphin right 6 7 3 Transferring Files into Nesis Insert the USB stick into the Nesis USB port and follow the steps below 1 Select the Software Update ico
8. amp Channels Function Sensor I Time Filter Engine RPM RPM Rotax 100 80 1 peuse O S Not used CHT 1 VDO 150C CHT 2 VDO 150C Not used Not used Not used Not used EGT 1 Figure 43 Engine monitoring unit channel configuration dialog mathematical models that are based on the engine type engine RPM and manifold pressure The precision of our mathematical model is in the same range as precision of the fuel flow Sensors 6 13 2 Daqu Parameter Table Daqu is able to read many different sensors and these sensors can be connected to different Daqu ports Using the table we tell Daqu which sensor is connected to which port and what is the role of the sensor Additionally some other configuration parameters can be also set Each row in the table corresponds to one Daqu channel Channels are labeled as combination of one capital letter and a number Letters define the channel type while the numbers enumerate channels of each type Four channel types are used in Daqu A Designates analog channels which are typically used to connects resistive sensors Typ ical resistive sensors are thermocouple temperature probes various VDO pressure sen sors VDO temperature sensors many fuel level sensors etc B Designates analog channels used to read active sensors Active sensors require power in order to operate properly Hence Daqu provides 5V source and GND ground connection near B channel ports C Is an
9. amp time icon is used to set computer time with GPS and to set time zone e The Software Updates icon allows updating the software in Nesis and units connected to the CAN bus e The File transfer service icon is used to copy map updates check list and trans lations e The Alarms icon is used to set individual alarms e The User Waypoints icon allows adding editing and deleting user specific waypoints e The Service Mode icon is a gateway to the service specific settings Version 2 0 32 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 1 Route Planner Some user options are not shown on secondary Nesis screen some options require password entry before proceeding and some options are available only when correct hardware is de tected The factory default password is 314 first three most significant digits of number 7 The password was introduced in order to prevent unwanted accidental alteratoins of important settings Enter password Ba E Figure 26 Password is required in order to open certain options Figure shows five digits but three digits are enough The Service Settings require special password which is specific for each Nesis unit The following options are available in the service mode These options are executed rarely and require extra care e The System Preferences icon is used to set instrument screen configuration and flight parameters e The Level Adjust icon is used to adjust the installation specific roll
10. combined with the manifold pressure gauge This combination allows optimal setting of power lever and propeller pitch 6 The variometer vertical speed indicator can be displayed in feet min m s and m min units Variometer is combined with g meter which is located below the center 7 The engine monitor organizes all most important engine parameters into one simple colored bar based chart Each bar corresponds to some parameter and the color of the bar to its current status 8 The fuel computer monitor provides the fuel and economy information How much fuel is left what is current and average fuel consumption approximate range and endurance Gyrocopters and helicopters have rotors and in this case engine RPM is usually combined with rotor RPM see page 57 for an example 3 1 1 Menu Pressing the OK Menu button brings up possible commands for the classic flight information screen figure 7 These commands are 6 Magu is required for true and magnetic heading Version 2 0 14 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 3 2 Navigation Screen 2 Figure 7 The menu commands for the classic flight information screen e The QNH button opens a dialog where a QNH value is set See page 22 e The Pitch button is used to adjust the pitch during the flight e The Airfield button allows you to select from airfields in your surrounding Airfields are sorted according to their distance from current position Selected airfield becomes
11. coordinates is used e Route Save saves the route into Nesis flash drive It does not activate the route however e Route Activate activates the route It exits the browse mode and switches back to the flight mode with the newly created route being active Note however that the route was not saved automatically Once the Nesis is turned off restarted or a new route is activated the route is lost Thus you should consider saving the route before activating it e Route Edit activates classic route manipulation window This window is described in section 6 1 on page 33 Version 2 0 30 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 5 5 Direct To e Route Del Wpt removes the last waypoint form the route When route is empty it does nothing In order to create a route using a series of cursor positions follow the next procedure 1 Move the cursor to some point where you want to start a route 2 Select the Route New command This sets the cursor position as the first route point At the same time map is centered at the route starting point and the top bar on the map becomes visible 3 Move the cursor to next route waypoint either by using radial cursor approach or by selecting a waypoint from the dialog 4 Press the RoutelAdd button to add the cursor to the route Repeat the last two steps until the route is complete 5 Finish the route by saving it to the Nesis flash drive Press the Route Save button 6 If you want
12. engine replacement e Manifold pressure should show the atmospheric pressure when the engine is off e Altitude correction altitude sensor may slightly shift its origin when the instrument has been exposed to very low or very high temperatures Adjust the offset in order to get correct barometric pressure e Airspeed correction just like the altitude sensor airspeed sensors may also suffer from temperature histeresis Adjust it so that it will show 0 pressure Do not do this on open when wind is blowing e Altenator current offset e Geoniss zero reference offset e Fuel flow factor offset Normally the factor should be around one However if you consistently find the fuel flow too small or too large you can adjust the indication using this factor For example setting the factor to 0 90 will show 10 less while 1 20 will indicate 20 more than before Figure 48 Sensor Offset Correction dialog Version 2 0 52 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 7 Instruments 7 Instruments 7 1 Airspeed Indicator The airspeed indicator is used to display indicated and true airspeed Indicated airspeed IAS is obtained form differential pressure sensor The measured differential pressure the difference between the total pressure and the static pressure is converted into velocity as suming ISA conditions When outside temperature is known Nesis calculates true airspeed TAS as well Although only two values are shown on the i
13. first degree and second degree flap speed limit Please refer to section 7 1 on page 53 for more details Airspeed indicator is available in knots mph and km h units 2 The artificial horizon indicator provides current attitude and side slip information Roll and pitch angle can be read from the top and middle scale respectively The ball indicates the side slip 3 The altitude indicator shows current baro corrected altitude It is available in feet and meters When scale is given in feet the third needle can be shown as well It also Version 2 0 13 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 3 1 Classic Flight Information Screen I 1 Airspeed indicator 2 Artificial horizon 3 Altimeter 240 AIRSPEED 220 km h 5 80 200 TAS 5 RPM and 1601405 A manifold 6 Vario acceleration 7 Engine monitor 8 Fuel computer a TEMPERATURE PRESS i Lu Current Range Fuel A i 18 0h 484 km 2 Average Endur CHT EGT O W E 14 4 l h 2 20 4 Moving map HSI Figure 6 Illustration of the classic flight information screen displays current QNH reference pressure a k a baro correction QNH can be set in hPa and inHg units 4 The moving map indicator is a kind of HSI indicator which provides basic naviga tion information It is located below the artificial horizon The moving map can be configured to follow aircraft true heading tracking or magnetic heading 5 The RPM indicator is
14. in the attitude calculation The angular rates are integrated in time in order to predict new attitude from the old one We could say that they give short time attitude prediction They are also used in gravity vector calculation e The acceleration sensors are measuring apparent gravity vector The true gravity vector is calculated assuming coordinated flight and readings from the other sensors veloc ity and angular rate sensors The ball slip indicator is directly obtained from the acceleration sensors e The absolute pressure sensor is used to calculate altitude and vertical velocity vario e The differential pressure sensor provides indicated airspeed IAS When it is coupled with the outside air temperature sensor it also calculates true air speed TAS 1 MEMS micro electromechanical systems a k a micromachines a k a micro systems technology Version 2 0 T Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 1 2 Principles of the Operation e The magnetic field sensors are used to measure the magnetic field vector This vector is needed to determine the airplane magnetic and true heading The later also needs magnetic declination which is automatically calculated from the world magnetic model when airplane position is known Note that the magnetic field sensor is optional and Nesis works well without it Assuming coordinated flight we calculate the referencing attitude from the gravity vector and heading These values are then com
15. into Nesis 1 Open the Compass Calibration dialog and enter the password 2 Press the Offset button and enter the offset 3 Press OK to close the offset dialog 4 Press Save to save new offset into magnetic compass 5 Close the calibration dialog using Close This completes the magnetic compass calibration 6 6 Time z Date Nesis internal clock requires correct UTC time When Nesis internal time does not match the UTC time internal time is synchronized with the help of dialog shown on figure 33 Press the Use GPS button to synchronize Nesis time with the GPS time Please note that this command works only when the airplane is not flying and engine is not running The same dialog is used to set the time zone used for local time time difference between local time and the UTC time must be set Some countries India and Iran for example do not round the time difference to whole hour but to 30 minutes Some areas in Australia even use 15 minutes local time intervals 29 UTC Coordinated Universal Time Visit en wikipedia org wiki UTC_time for more details 21 The reason for this limitation has ground in the logbook recording Logbook is started as soon as engine starts or flight is detected Thus a time change corrupts logbook records Version 2 0 AO Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 7 Software Update Nesis time UTC time 14 59 30 04 Jan 2011 Local time 16 59 30 04 Jan 2011 Set local ti
16. sure that the USB stick is safely removed from PC 22 All update packages have deb extension Version 2 0 41 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 7 Software Update do KINGSTON Dolphin Y DN File Edit View Go Tools Settings Help Ga Back e Forward 4 Up Places o x gl E ImedialKINGSTON Ww Kanardia Name Date aau Icons Details Columns WA Preview Split gt B Removable Disk H File Edit View Favorites Tools Help gt search Folders Hal Q Back ry Home 3 Network Root pill alsa utils 1 0 22 1 armv7l deb je busybox 1 15 3 2 armv7l deb E libalsa_1 0 22 1_armv7l deb G libc6 2 9 1 armv7l deb E libgles omap3_3 01 00 02 2_armv7l deb 1 2 MiB 444 8 KiB 503 4 KiB 2 3 MiB 4 7 MiB 09 12 10 10 25 09 12 10 10 25 09 12 10 10 25 09 12 10 10 25 09 12 10 10 25 Address HA de ES ar i R EE TE Sel Type Date Modified Al Trash E libata_4 6 2 8_armv 7l deb 11 2MiB 09 12 10 10 26 2 Desktop a Elbusybox 1 15 3 2 armv7ldeb 445KB DEBFle 9 12 2010 9 25 ba fil linueimage_2 6 34 01_armv7l deb 2 2MiB 09 12 10 10 26 Pr ibalsa 1 0 22 1 armv7I deb 504KB DEBFie 9 12 2010 9 25 ae EEE libes 2 9 1 armv7l deb 2316KB DEBFie 9 12 2010 9 25 xX B mpo123 1 10 1 2 armv7l deb 221 9KiB 09 12 10 10 26 E Wa Local DEK C l omap3 sgx km_1 4 14 2616 2_armv7l deb 641KB DEBFie 9 12 2010 9 26 x re l i D DVD RW Drive D E libgles omap3_3 01 00 02 2_armv7l deb 4803KB DEB File 9 12
17. to reach the waypoint 15 The airspeed scale with the colored sections and limiting values 16 The attitude indicator together with the roll and pitch scale Version 2 0 20 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 3 5 Settings Screen 5 1 Compass 2 Heading Tracking 3 Altitude scale 16 Attitude Scales IASkm h 40 50 60 70 s ke 100 110 120 130m 4 Vario scale 70 A ee ETT UA P OE 30 220 SA a 15 Airspeed MR scale 5 Altitude label 14 IAS label 6 Vario label 13 TAS Ger 7 QNH q Oil T Water OilP FuelP Volt Current RPM 12 Inclinometerig 11 Temperatures 10 Pressures 9 Electric 8 RPM Figure 15 Modern look of the flight information screen Artificial horizon is taken for the background 3 4 1 Menu The menu has the same commands as the menu of the classic screen There is additional View command used to change the view see figure 13 Figure 16 Menu commands for the modern screen Only the extended portion of commands is shown 3 5 Settings Screen 5 The rightmost direct button opens the settings screen Individual icons on the screen lead to various configuration dialogs Due to the complexity the settings screen has its own chapter which starts on page 32 Version 2 0 21 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 4 Flight Time Activities 4 Flight Time Activities This chapter describes procedures that are mainly used during the flight The majo
18. 0 shows an example of the new user waypoint dialog Latitude Longitude Figure 20 An example of the user waypoint dialog 1 Use the knob to select the coordinate field you want to change 2 Press OK to activate the field control and turn the knob to change it Once correct value is shown in the field press OK again This accepts the entry and advances to the next field 3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 until the waypoint coordinate is correct 4 Select the Name control and enter a short name for the waypoint As you modify the coordinates a small map is shown on the right This map is centered at the coordinates position The map can be zoomed by pressing the Zoom and Zoom buttons The Back button sets the coordinate fields back to the initial point Once the coordinate is known press the Save button to save this point into the Nesis flash drive Press Close in order to close the dialog without saving the new user waypoint User waypoint can be created edited and deleted from the settings screen Please refer to section 6 10 on page 44 Version 2 0 26 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 4 4 Route Selection 4 4 Route Selection This section describes how to activate and manipulate an existing route It is assumed that the route was already created The route planning is described in the section 5 4 on page 30 and in the section 6 1 on page 33 The route functions are accessed via the Route menu button
19. 12 Geoniss orthophoto device must be connected to the CAN bus for the orthophoto mode to be operational Version 2 0 19 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 3 4 Modern Flight Information Screen 4 IAS km h LO 320 330 340 350 360 10 20 IAS km h LO A A AA A en amy eee a 240 180 220 160 320 330 340 35 ae ENE S 200 140 180 120 160 140 144 120 100 QNH 999 0 0 CHT EGT Oil Oil Fuel Volt Cur IAS km h LO 320 330 340 350 10 IAS km h LO 320 330 340 I I I 350 10 20 ee EE I Cockpit ee 160 Y All Switches 140 120 Y Master Switch 100 Proper El i Operatio ep i J i Ai 2 60 Proper Flaperons Ope tio Primary Flight Controls 40 4 20 6 gt QNH 999 0 0 CHT CO Volt Cur 3 Check list 4 Video Figure 14 Different views of the Modern Flight Information screen Synthetic vision moving map check list and video from the camera 7 Current QNH setting baro correction is displayed below the altitude and vario scale 8 The RPM indicator with the RPM needle and position 9 The electric instruments section voltage and current 10 The pressure section oil and fuel pressures 11 The temperature section EGTs CHTs carburetor oil and coolant 12 The inclinometer slip skid indicator 13 The TAS label is located below the airspeed scale 14 Navigation information currently selected waypoint bearing and distance tracking and time needed
20. 3 User Preferences User Map Pilot EVA O HSI map type Language ala English O Map colors Registration Cozy System Cruising speed 155 km h i LCD Brightness 100 Audio volume o Changes may require Nesis reboot Figure 30 The user settings dialog 6 3 1 User The user section deals with pilot names language aircraft registration and cruising speed Select the active pilot from the list of pilots The pilot list also allows entering a new pilot editing name of an existing pilot or deleting a pilot from the list using New Edit and Delete commands respectively The language selection option affects the language of the Nesis user interface It also affects the language of the voice messages When translation is not available English is used instead Optionally aircraft registration may be entered for your convenience The Cruising speed control is used to enter typical ground speed during cross country flights This speed is used to calculate time estimates Nesis remembers last used cruising speed 6 3 2 Map Map option defines the way map is presented on the map screens All map screens are affected mini map on the classic screen navigation screen and modern screen Three options are available here e Heading up shows map oriented according to the true heading This option is mean ingful only if magnetic compass Magu is present on the CAN bus e Tracking up shows map aligned to the GPS tra
21. Depending on the current situation the button opens two different dialogs If there was no active route Nesis opens the route selection dialog However if some route is already active Nesis opens the route manipulation dialog Both options are described next 4 4 1 Activating a Route With no active route the Route button opens the dialog shown on figure 21 This dialog displays all existing routes Routes are sorted alphabetically e Turn the knob to select a route and press the OK or Activate button to activate it e Press the Cancel button to close the route selection dialog Select Route Distance 3 LJCL LJMB 4 WANKI ETSL Figure 21 Selection of a Route When a route is activated any previous active waypoint is deactivated According to the airplane position Nesis first tries to activate the starting waypoint in the Route Direct to is used in this case However when Nesis determines that airplane position fits into one of the route legs the leg mode is activated showing the remaining part of the leg to fly The above assumption may not be suitable for every situation and we need a mechanism to select either a different route leg or a different route waypoint 4 4 2 Route Manipulation When a route is already active the Route button brings up the route manipulation dialog shown on figure 22 This dialog allows change of currently active route waypoint It also allows to deactivate the route completely e Use
22. IAS km h 240 220 Nesis User s Manual Kanardia September 2011 10 20 30 40 by 53 Mae 70 I I L I 1 l i l i I L I L I i 30 30 60 10 10 2 4 6 o ZN QNH 1038 13 3 4 Engine EGT Oil Wat Oil Fuel Volt Cur Kanardia d o o Nesis User Manual Version 2 0 Nesis User s Manual Contact Information Publisher and producer Kanardia d o o Ulica heroja Rojska 70 SI 3000 Celje Slovenia Tel 386 590 12 521 Fax 386 590 11 416 Email infoQkanardia eu A lot of useful and recent information can be also found on the Internet See http www kanardia eu for more details Copyright This document is published under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3 0 Un ported licence Full license is available on http creativecommons org licenses by sa 3 0 legalcode web page and a bit more human readable summary is given on http creativecommons org licenses by sa 3 0 In short the licens gives you right to copy reproduce and modify this document if e you cite Ales Krajnc Kanardia d o o as the author of the original work and e you distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one Credits This document was written using TeTeX I8TpX based document creation system using Kile integrated LaTeX environment running on Linux based operating system Most of the figures were drawn using Open Office Draw and Inkscape applications Photos and scanned
23. R 216 STAHRINGEN WAHLW 309 BAD WALDSEE REU 77 LECHFELD MIL 70 Figure 27 En example of the route planning screen 6 1 1 Route List Commands The following commands are available with the route list control e The New command creates an empty route A dialog shown on figure 28 appears and it asks for the route name Keep the input empty and Nesis will generate a route name for you The name will be a combination of the first and last waypoint on the route Edit route name keep empty for an auto name wankers 4 Figure 28 Entering a name for the new route e The Edit command activates the waypoint list control where waypoints can be inserted or removed e The Delete command permanently removes selected route The deletion must be confirmed e The Reverse command reverses the waypoints in the route When a route is planned in one direction reversing it gives a route in the opposite direction e The Close command closes the route planning Changes are saved automatically 6 1 2 Waypoint Editing Commands When the waypoint editing control is active the following commands may be used e The Insert command inserts a new waypoint before the selection The waypoint is obtained from a dialog which was already described in section 4 3 on page 24 Version 2 0 34 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 2 Logbook e The Delete command removes currently selected waypoint e The Rename command allows you to sp
24. Suse Swe see TS SEG SAA LAVA EGG Ka Gas 36 EE GE EE EE EE AN 37 Oro MP pe sh Fe BO sr SES wy ens Br ee tage ped OR eee 37 OG DN Lane S ada be rad pe ke de 37 Oi Nana Bode ee ee He A ee ee ars Ge ee aa 38 6 5 Compass Calibration 4 4 sie ke eks ee ae wb a oS Lus go dear i 38 Og Freia sed oat aot te a a se den st ke SO SG ee Sse ets 39 052 SECON SLED e re oe wee oe ee a ae ce ae ete ce AT ee hs 40 00 TS DE aa FT SE TE ENST at TN 40 OT Sove Update alcoi 4 6559 6 Se D TS STANS ASLAG GSE 41 6 7 1 Downloading Updates 00 a 41 6 7 2 Extracting Update Files into USB Stick 41 6 7 3 Transferring Files into Nesis 0 00 ee eee 42 072 Firmware Updates oi aa idar ds o a 4S eo ET de e ES 43 038 File Transter Service hr e as A A GER 43 6 9 Alas pd a ode oe de pd asa iS 44 JO User Wayponts ea oe ee ee ae SNP A RA ee et 44 0 11 System Preferences ax w aw Lak ae ee fold S SA SM Bw de al Se ds 45 VE NEO a LE PT EEE EE Mee EE r n fr 45 OEL AdE gye pia EEE AAA 46 012 Atitude Adjustment eas S Se ape a ape SE Bd RAE AA i 46 612 1 Yaw Misalignment si E e EG ar E a a bed a ae eni 46 6 12 2 Roll and Pitch Adjustment vr 0 200056 46 013 Airplane B e a cd ss a a ec aA Bee E KE GS 47 Oo Enem o par a Se kn BE et Bae ee ee 47 6132 Daqu Parameter Tables sak oe ce gna s SSE Ke e Ge 48 OLA Tank CalDratioii e tea er le ANE omr de ne BT e 49 Versio
25. The following markings are found on the indicator e The roll scale is used to give a rough estimate about the roll value The roll arrow in the form of yellow triangle is used to mark current roll value on the scale The white triangle on the scale identifies zero roll situation e The pitch scale gives a rough estimate about current pitch angle The scale should be read at the middle point of the yellow wing reference line e The yellow wing reference line is fixed and represents the horizontal reference line of the aircraft At the center the line is broken at 45 degree angle giving two short lines These lines help indicating 45 degree roll e The white horizontal line separates the artificial sky from ground this is the artificial horizon line 25 Roll is also known as bank The term bank is often found in literature but we prefer the term roll Version 2 0 54 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 7 3 Altitude Indicator e The slip skid indicator also known as the ball or inclinometer indicates the coor dination of aileron and rudder Remember Nesis can be used in VFR conditions only Hence attitude indicator should be treated as an insignificant help to the pilot and nothing more 7 3 Altitude Indicator An altitude indicator also known as altimeter is used to measure the atmospheric pressure from a static port outside the aircraft This measurement is then converted into an altitude above mean sea level in accord
26. age from a compatible USB video camera guidance screen for taking orthophoto pictures The background image can be configured using the View command Select View Artificial Horizon Moving Map Figure 13 Dialog for changing views The overlay shows various flight parameters in the form of bars and scales T he upper part shows flight information while the lower part is reserved for the engine parameters see figure 15 on page 21 The overlay consist of the following items 6 The compass scale moves according to current airplane heading or tracking This de pends on the settings see section 6 3 on page 36 The scale also displays the heading bug marker which gives you direction to the selected waypoint The heading label displays true heading tracking or magnetic heading The altitude label displays the altitude scale When the altitude indicator approaches to the top of the scale 1t is rescaled automatically The VSI vario scale The moving altitude label The altitude label moves while the scale background is kept constant This way we try to mimic the behavior of classic instruments where the position of the needle gives the information without the need to actually read the label The vario label displays current value of the vertical speed 12 One useful example may be glider towing a back facing small camera may replace a mirror and provides unobscured video image of the glider
27. also consider to add a few extra liters for safety This defines the zero fuel level 2 Press the Add button and select the zero fuel from the dialog This adds a line into the dialog which combines zero fuel level with the sensor reading 3 Add a known quantity of fuel into the tank and observe the Sensor value label This value MUST change must be different from the last recorded value If the value does not change or the difference is too small add more fuel into the tank 4 Press the Add button and tell how much fuel above the zero fuel level has been entered so far Press OK to add a line a new fuel level sensor value pair 5 Repeat this process until the sensor reaches the full limit or tank is full whatever comes first Do not press the Add button if the sensor value is not different from the previous value Remember that most sensors stop indicating before the tank is completely full 6 Press the Save button to send the measurements into unit Version 2 0 51 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 15 Sensor Offset Correction Press the Close button to exit the dialog without saving The procedure above determines the tank shape and calibrates the sensor at the same time Therefore min max sensor calibration is not necessary 6 15 Sensor Offset Correction The Sensor Offset Correction dialog allows various system adjustments listed below e Engine time new engine time can be set say after an
28. analog channel used to read higher voltage levels Only one such channel is available This channel is typically used to read the system voltage Z Are digital channels that are measuring time between pulses They are used to connect engine RPM signals fuel flow current transducers and rotor RPMs Please refer to the Installation Manual to get more details about sensor connections After the sensors are connected each sensor needs to be configured here They are configured by repeating the following steps Version 2 0 48 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 14 Tank Calibration 1 Use the knob to select a channel and press OK to open the channel configuration dialog See figure 44 a Specify the sensor function what is sensor used for sensor type which sensor is used is sensor isolated thermocouples only otherwise ignored report time inter val not used in this version filter time constant small values sensor responds quickly larger values sensor responds slowly shows average b Digital sensors require number of pulses per event For example Rotax engine require 1 pulse per engine revolution and some fuel flow sensors require up to 8000 pulses per liter c Fuel flow sensors require a fuel flow correction factor value larger than one increases the fuel consumption indication while a value smaller than one decreases fuel consumption indication d Press Save to accept new paramete
29. ance with a mathematical model defined by the ISA The alti tude is always calculated according to some reference pressure QNH value baro correction This pressure must be set by a pilot and can be changed during flight The QNH value is typically obtained from air traffic control Please refer to section 4 1 on page 22 for more details about how to set the QNH reference pressure gt g 1 gt ALTITUD N 27 ONH Figure 51 The altitude indicator with the scale given in meters The indicator shown on figure 51 is used to display calculated altitude and reference QNH pressure baro correction The altitude is shown by two needles where the short needle points to 1000 feet or meters and the long needle points to 100 feet meters The pressure based altimeter is more precise then the GPS obtained altitude The absolute pressure sensor used in Nesis has absolute error of less than one hectopascal which is about 8 m at the sea level This precision is maintained over wide temperature range 7 4 Vertical Speed Indicator and Accelerometer A vertical speed indicator VSI also known as a variometer a rate of climb indicator or a vertical velocity indicator VVI is an instrument in an aircraft used to inform a pilot of the instantaneous rate of descent or climb In powered flight the pilot makes frequent use of the VSI to maintain level flight especially during turning manoeuvres Figure 52 shows VSI
30. bined them into one single indicator see figure 53 This allows the pilot to optimally set the throttle and the propeller pitch RPM x 1000 TH FOLD inHg 20 25 HR AS Figure 53 The combination of RPM and manifold pressure indicator The tachometer scale is fully configurable Note that some engines do not specify green and yellow range Hence such range is optional e The optional green range defines the recommended range of RPM Version 2 0 56 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 7 6 Gyrocopter Rotor and Engine RPM Indicator e The optional yellow range defines the range of RPM which should not be used for longer period and should be generally avoided e The red mark limits the engine RPM e The upper scale range can be set to any value The manifold pressure scale is always given in inHg inches of mercury units Although this unit is far from SI system of units it is very common in aviation During research we were not able to find an aviation manifold pressure indicator with any other unit Therefore inHG is the only unit option for the manifold pressure in Nesis 7 6 Gyrocopter Rotor and Engine RPM Indicator Gyropocters require indication of rotor RPM In this example figure 54 rotor RPM and engine RPM indicators are combined in one instrument At the bottom a window with a numerical RPM values is also shown However this is not a limitation The window can show manifold pressure instead
31. cking angle e Magnetic up shows map aligned to the magnetic heading Note that compass unit Magu is required for this operation In this Nesis software version map colors can t be changed and the Standard option is the only available 6 3 3 System The system section allows setting LCD brightness and audio volume level As you change the values screen brightness and audio volume react accordingly Version 2 0 37 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 4 Units 6 4 Units Nesis uses several units for different physical quantities like distance velocity mass volume etc They affect the instruments and texts The table 1 on page 38 shows which units are available The quantities are grouped according to their function and not to their physical meaning Pressure units Vertical units Airspace feet QNH hP Other units Vario m Temperature C Mass Horizontal units Fuel km h Flow a 3 Velocity Wind speed kts Engine RPM Rotor RPM Distance km Any change results in Nesis reboot Figure 31 En example of units selection dialog Table 1 Available units for individual physical quantity Physical quantity Units Altitude length meter feet Airspace altitude length feet only Speed velocity km h knots mph QNH pressure hPa inHg Vario vertical velocity Wind speed velocity m s feet min m min km h m s knots Distance length km SM NM Pressure
32. d in the last few minutes This is a moving average value and is also used to predict the endurance and range The result is given in 1 h or in gal h units e The range is a derived value which is based on the available fuel quantity average fuel consumption current ground speed and the fuel needed for 45 minutes reserve The available fuel level is reduced by the 45 minutes fuel reserve amount T his means that theoretical range is longer than the range displayed on the monitor e T he endurance is also a derived value based on the available fuel quantity and average fuel consumption It represents the engine time left assuming average fuel consumption Note that all values strongly depend on current throttle setting A change on throttle setting results in a change of current and average fuel consumption endurance and range Important When no fuel level probes are connected to Daqu Daqu and Nesis provide a software version of the tank where Nesis calculates the available fuel based on the information that is entered before the flight or updated during the flight The fuel level is reduced by subtracting the fuel flow integrated in time Both the initial information and the fuel flow integration may be source of significant error which can quickly lead to wrong fuel level indication An indication higher than actual represents a dangerous situation where the fuel computer displays more fuel than it actually is This gives wro
33. d wind direction and name of currently selected waypoint 7 9 Mini Engine Monitor The mini engine monitor window shows the most relevant engine information in one place in the form of color bars see figure 57 Each bar corresponds to one engine parameter Green yellow and red colors represent normal caution and dangerous range respectively The monitor bars are grouped into temperatures pressures and RPMs The temperature group includes EGT CHT oil water coolant and carburetor temperatures The pressure group usually includes oil and fuel pressure Since Nesis can be put into different configura tions the parameters shown in the monitor may vary Version 2 0 59 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 7 10 Fuel Computer Monitor TEMPERATURE PRESS CHT EGIT O W Figure 57 Illustration of the mini engine monitor 7 10 Fuel Computer Monitor The fuel computer monitor provides the fuel related information like fuel quantity economy range and endurance Figure 58 shows an example of such information Current Range Fuel 18 0 l h 484 km Average Endur 14 4 lh 2 20 Figure 58 Fuel computer displays fuel economy fuel level endurance and range The fuel computer monitor provides the following information e The current fuel consumption displays momentary fuel burning rate It is given in 1 h liter per hour or gal h gallons per hour units e The average fuel consumption displays the fuel use
34. details Important note the arrow colors calculation does not take terrain into account So it Is possible that an airfield is marked as green but it is not reachable due to the high terrain between the airplane and the airfield WANGEN KISSLEG FRIEDRICHSHAFEN ISNY ROTMOOS ST GALLEN ALTENR HOHENEMS DORNBIR MARKDORF BAD WALDSEE REU Direction 06 24 Frequency 120 07 Length 2360 m 7740 ft Elevation 418 m 1371 ft Figure 18 Selecting from the list of nearest Airfields With the dialog active the following commands are available e Turn the knob to select the desired airfield and press the OK button to accept the selection e Press the Close button to close the dialog e Press the A11 button to include airfields and landing fields which are not in ICAO e Press the ICAO button to show only ICAO airfields default option The selected airfield becomes new waypoint and Nesis navigation goes into the direct to mode 14 Glide mode means that engine is not running and that the airplane is flying at the speed of the best glide Version 2 0 23 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 4 3 Selecting a Waypoint 4 3 Selecting a Waypoint A waypoint selection is a bit more complex process than selecting one of the nearest airports Nesis maintains separate lists of airfields navigation aids VFR reporting points and user points As in the nearest airfield case all points are sorted according to the distance fr
35. do so Demo option is normally not selected However when set to Yes it allows Nesis to go into the demo mode This also enables demo icon on the user settings screen Note the demo mode requires specially prepared demo files on an USB key Without such files demo mode is not operational 6 11 2 Glide The glide settings are only meaningful for airplanes Helicopters and gyros do not benefit much from them The glide parameters defined are the airplane glide ratio a k a finesse and the altitude reserve These settings are used in the Airfield dialog where a list of nearest airfields is given See section 4 2 on page 23 Please set the finesse conservatively smaller numbers are conservative use one or two values less then given by aircraft producer Also set at least 200 meters for the altitude reserve 6 12 Attitude Adjustment During the assembly of the Airu unit into the primary Nesis display box and during the installation of the Nesis display into the instrument panel a small misalignment may appear This means that internal axes of the Airu unit are not parallel to the airplane axes the Airu unit is slightly rotated Such misalignment can be perfectly adjusted without loss of precision using the procedure described next Please note that you can t adjust the attitude when the airplane is flying or engine is running Before the automatic alignment is made the yaw misalignment shall be determined 6 12 1 Ya
36. e the instrument However if tracking option is active it should read tracking instead Version 2 0 58 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 7 9 Mini Engine Monitor Direction window Top bar Wind arrow B D EQ km h Position prediction Moving map zoom scale W 340 2 m s WPT Bottom bar Current position Figure 56 Small heading indicator combined with a moving map A heading scale arc illustrates directions about 45 left and right of current heading e Current position is marked with the airplane symbol This symbol is always shown on the same place and the map is moving beneath Because we are more interested what is in front the symbol is positioned at the bottom e The moving map can be viewed at different zoom levels In order to give a visual feedback for the distance the zoom scale is shown on the left side of the map e Nesis calculates two prediction points and shows them on the map These points shows the future position assuming current heading airspeed and wind situation The prediction times depend on the zoom level Large zoom levels have larger prediction times and vice versa e The wind arrow is used to inform pilot about the wind direction When the windspeed is less than 2 0 m s the arrow is omited e The top bar displays numeric information about the bearing and distance to the selected waypoint and current ground speed e The bottom bar displays the wind information wind speed an
37. e waypoint selection mode Repeat the first two steps in order to enter more than one letter 4 3 3 Radius Filter When the radius filter is active you have the following options e Use the knob to change the waypoint search radius As soon as radius is changed the number of items found label changes e Press the Accept button to accept the new radius and switch back into the waypoint selection mode e Press Cancel button to keep previous radius and switch back into the waypoint selection mode Note that large radius makes Nesis a bit less responsive since it needs to scan among large number of waypoints Please also note that the list is able to display only 99 closest way points If your waypoint is not listed you should apply a more strict filter say the name filter Version 2 0 25 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 4 3 Selecting a Waypoint 4 3 4 Type Filter The type filter toggles the lists used in waypoint selection Here you can e Use the knob to select which waypoint list type to include or exclude e Press the OK button to toggle current selection e Press the Accept button to switch back into the waypoint selection mode 4 3 5 New User Waypoint The New command opens a dialog where a user waypoint is created A new waypoint requires coordinates latitude and longitude and a name Initially current airplane position is shown Degrees minutes and seconds are used to describe a coordinate Figure 2
38. ecify a new name for the route n empty name results in a name which is composed of the first and the last route waypoint e The Reverse command reverses the waypoints in the route When you plan a route into one direction reversing it gives you a route in the opposite direction e The Save saves changes 6 2 Logbook Logbook serves as a pilot log It records flights and displays them in the list An example of such record is given on figure 29 Logbook Date Takeoff Land Time 03 01 11 22 43 22 47 00 04 03 01 11 22 36 22 42 00 07 03 01 11 22 29 22 35 00 06 03 01 11 22 09 22 29 00 20 03 01 11 21 41 22 09 00 28 NY NI 11 31 24 31 41 an NQ Details Engine on off 13 09 13 19 Cycles Time 1 00 10 Distance Speed avg max 0 115 mph Fuel tot spec 31 18 0 I h Alt max 1652 m Figure 29 The logbook dialog displays list of most recent flights Each log entry reveals several details of selected flight The entries in the log have the following columns e Date when the flight was taken e Take off time e Landing time When you fly traffic patterns Nesis will try to merge the patterns into one record In this case the take off time will be the time of the first take off and the landing time will be the time of the last landing e Flight time is the total flight time e Pilot of the airplane This is why you have to select correct pilot at the start up Turn the knob button to change the selected fligh
39. f arrival to the last route waypoint time to the last route waypoint distance left and cross track error perpendicular distance to the active leg The route is also illustrated on the map Black line represents the route thicker cyan line is used for the remaining distance on the active leg White rectangle shows estimated time of arrival to the next waypoint and black rectangles show estimates for all remaining waypoints on the route 3 2 1 Menu The OK Menu button gives similar commands that were already described in the classic flight information screen section 3 1 1 on page 14 New commands are Legend and Browse The first one opens a legend dialog shown on figure 9 The second one textttBrowse allows moving the map creating routes and selecting direct to points from the map A detailed description of the Browse mode is given in section 5 starting on page 29 8 WGS84 system is used for the coordinates The same system is used by GPS Version 2 0 16 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 3 3 Engine Monitor Screen 3 Runways General Airspace Grass Unknown River O Prohibited A B JH Hard Pa Railroad O Restricted Road ge Waypoints BL kad anger Lake E CTR lt gt Build up area TMA CTA 5 Non Compulsory A Compulsory Ci Airwa e VER Route 9 ty Y SE a Navaid point HR Military CTR X User point i Military TMA Military AWY Figure 9 Legend Figure 10 Menu options for the naviga
40. ion during the shutdown period cancels the operation e A long press on the On Off button for about 5 seconds unconditionally turns Nesis off by cutting the power to the internal computer In this case internal buffers are not flushed and Nesis will take a little longer to boot on the next start This procedure should be used only for the cases when Nesis stops responding Note The On Off button is a soft button and the internal electronic circuit consumes a small amount of electric energy even when Nesis is off Although such consumption is very small it may influence the condition of your battery when the airplane is not used for a very long period say a few weeks Therefore it is strongly recommended that Nesis is not connected directly to the battery It should be connected to an avionics power bus which has a mechanical switch between the bus and the battery 2 2 1 Start up Procedure When Nesis is powered on the start up procedure commences The internal computer starts loading operating system and the Nesis main program When the program is loaded it continues loading various databases like airfields navigation points airspaces charts etc This procedure takes some time Once the program is ready it opens the start up dialog as shown on figure 4 Warning Select Pilot EVA Ta This instrument may be used under VFR visual flying rules only Set fuel level 341 Any navigational information is provided for reference o
41. lide the cursor to the point where you want to center the map and press OK This centers the map and switches back to the large step radial selection If you want to exit Browse mode you have to press Cancel button 5 2 Zooming the Map In order to change the zoom level of the map press the Zoom button and turn the knob Once correct zoom level is reached press the Cursor button to switch back to the cursor radial mode Version 2 0 29 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 5 3 Waypoint A Zoom Waypoint JBN Route JAC Direct To ff Home Figure 24 Browsing the map Radial directs to north east and cursor is close to the MS2 GPS waypoint At the bottom browse specific menu is shown 5 3 Waypoint The map can be moved to some known waypoint directly using the Waypoint button This opens the waypoint dialog Select a waypoint from the list and press the OK button The map will be centered at selected waypoint automatically 5 4 Route The Route buttons is mostly used to create a new route from a series of cursor positions or waypoint selections The buttons opens a list of commands which are briefly described below e Route New starts a new route and clears any exiting route points which were entered so far e Route Add This command adds the cursor position as a new route waypoint If there is a known navigation point close to the cursor position this point is used Otherwise a temporary waypoint with cursor
42. linder head temperature CHT and exhaust gas temperatures EGT share the same indicator On figure 11 only two CHTs are monitored hence needles for hot orange dot and cold blue dot are displayed When more than two cylinders are monitored bars are used instead the needles The same is true for the EGTs 7 Backup battery status 8 Outside air temperature is also shown at the bottom 3 3 1 Menu The engine monitor screen has it own specific menu Figure 12 presents its options CNH E Fuel Level does Figure 12 The menu options for the engine monitor screen e The QNH button opens a dialog where QNH value is set e The Fuel Level button adjusts current fuel level This option is available only when no fuel level sensors are connected to the Daqu and Nesis calculates fuel level Please see note in section 7 10 on page 60 3 4 Modern Flight Information Screen 4 The modern flight Information screen is composed of a background image and an overlay The background image can show e large artificial horizon The orange and blue dots refer to the hot and cold cylinder respectively It is assumed that cold cylinder is number 1 and the hot is number 2 19 UPSU unit is required Version 2 0 18 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 3 4 Modern Flight Information Screen 4 synthetic vision large moving map similar to the navigation screen check list an image that shows live video im
43. material was processed using Gimp All document sources are freely available on request under the licence mentioned above and can be obtained by email Please send requests to info kanardia eu Revision History The following table shows the revision history of this document 30 Sept 2011 NesisUserManual 200 pdf The documents can be downloaded from Kanardia web site www kanardia eu Version 2 0 2 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual CONTENTS Contents 1 Introduction 6 1 1 General Information About Nesis vr rv arr aar eee 6 1 2 Principles of the Operation rv rv arr arr ee ee T 1 2 1 Attitude Heading and Velocities 7 22 Bone SCMSOrs gt oder kV RS LETTA SE SE EE Ge G r kg 8 2 5 Sor Calibrations vaser kasse h a ar Es 8 1 3 Charts Flight and Navigation Information 9 2 Nesis Basics 10 ZA Command Panel e misses a Ee Be eee eS Ee oe BS G 10 22 Tormine ON Olas oa Sige kt Se eee ADA eee S ER 11 22 Startup Procedures 2 ds Whe he a sea 11 3 The Five Major Screens 13 3 1 Classic Flight Information Screen l rens 13 EE 2242 gia cca ds EEE ee OS RS AA A wR 14 3 1 2 Moving Map Zoom Level ee eee 15 3 2 Navication Cree 2 oe ala DE TSV AO TSG 15 MN Te OR 16 3 3 Engine Monitor Screen 3 x sad amp ae S sk a PEAS e ER SE 17 Dor MEN sove Gt OG ee p LESES AAA ESS 18 3 4 Modern Flight Information
44. me difference Local time UTC UTC from GPS 5 GPS satellites are visible GPS time 13 59 14 04 Jan 2011 Engine must be stopped and airplane must not move Any change results in Nesis reboot Figure 33 Date and time setting e Turn the knob to select control and press the OK button to start editing e Turn the knob to set the hour minute difference and press the OK button to accept new value or press the Cancel button to restore previous one Finally press the Close button to save the changes and close the dialog Nesis restarts 6 7 Software Update The Nesis software is under constant development and if you want to keep your Nesis up to date you should update your Nesis regularly This section describes actions required to update the software The update is performed in several steps e downloading updates e extracting update files into an USB stick e transferring files from USB stick into Nesis e updating firmware 6 7 1 Downloading Updates The software updates can be found in the update page of our web site http www kanardia eu Click on the update file and save it to a hard drive of your PC computer 6 7 2 Extracting Update Files into USB Stick The update file is simply a zip file which encapsulates several update packages These packages must be extracted into the USB stick More precisely they must be extracted into the base root folder of the stick Once files were copied please make
45. mum demon strated safe airspeed that the aircraft must not exceed under any circumstances 24 ISA International Standard Atmosphere Version 2 0 53 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 7 2 Attitude Indicator e The yellow dot marks the Veer landing reference speed which is the recommended speed used on landings e The blue line represents the V speed which will allow for the best rate of climb e The orange dots one dot for Vrgj and two for Vere are used to mark the upper limits for extended flaps The full flap extension limit is represented by Vppo e T he lower and upper scale limits are not important from the pilot s point of view but are presented here because they can also be configured Different type of airplanes operate in different range and the upper and lower scale limits can be modified to adjust for the optimal scale range e Units used for the indicated and true airspeed 7 2 Attitude Indicator The attitude indicator also known as artificial horizon is used to inform the pilot of the orientation of the aircraft relative to earth It indicates pitch and roll Roll arrow Zero roll arrow Roll scale Pitch scale Wing reference and 45 degree turn helper Horizon line Slip skid indicator inclinometer Figure 50 Attitude indicator combined with the slip skid indicator Figure 50 illustrates the attitude indicator combined with the inclinometer ball as it is found in Nesis
46. n left positive yaw misalignment error middle negative yaw misalignment error right Wait for the progress bar to finish and observe the roll and pitch numerical values At the end they should be close to zero Press the Save button to save the values The Close button closes the dialog and restores previous correction Airplane Axis Current Yaw 0 0 0 0 Roll 0 3 0 6 Pitch 1 1 2 0 Adjustment in progress A Instructions Make sure Nesis is running for at least 5 minutes Make sure your airplane is leveled as in a cruise flight Consult manual for proper Yaw value Use 0 0 if unsure Press the Adjust button and wait for the progress bar to finish Observe the values in the Current column They should approach and stabilize around zero Values below or close to 0 5 degress are OK Save the result Figure 42 En example of attitude adjustment dialog 6 13 Airplane amp Engine This dialog sets the engine type and configures sensor parameters for the engine monitoring unit Daqu 6 13 1 Engine Type The top control is used to specify the engine type Currently this affects the fuel flow calculation only The Nesis system does not need a fuel flow sensor and still provides pretty accurate fuel consumption The fuel consumption is calculated using specially prepared Version 2 0 47 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 13 Airplane amp Engine Engine Type Rotax 912 100 HP
47. n 2 0 4 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual CONTENTS BET Seti Ps soe bb des do h oR 50 6 14 2 Calibrate Sensors Min Max 0 ls a he eS eh 50 OPES BL Trek Shapes Y em ir a a a et Se a 51 6 15 Sensor Offset Correction 52 7 Instruments 53 ol Airspeed der ce E sees bes GE EE TET SG 53 2 Attitude Indicator se ep ska 4 eis 4 449545466545 SS ESS 54 To Altitude IEdICALOE eps kand es det Oe ee SEE SSE EKG 55 7 4 Vertical Speed Indicator and Accelerometer 2 004 55 7 0 Tachometer and Manifold Pressure Indicator 56 7 6 Gyrocopter Rotor and Engine RPM Indicator 57 7 7 Helicopter Rotor and Engine RPM Indicator 57 7 8 Heading Indicator with Moving Map arken 58 TS Mim Bee Montor avs S f sok aaa Sk ga died kodede Se dok 804 59 7 10 Fuel Computer Monitor 60 Version 2 0 5 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 1 Introduction 1 Introduction First of all we would like to thank you for purchasing our product Nesis is a complex instrument and we strongly recommend reading the manual before using Nesis The intro duction chapter contains some general information about the instrument and principles of the operation Later chapters describe Nesis use and reveal the details You may be also interested in reading the Nesis Purchase Guide and Nesis Installation Manual documents 1 1 General Information About Nesis Nesis consists of electr
48. n and enter the required password After the dialog is shown a list of updates appears on the screen An example is shown on the figure 35 Nesis automatically hides the packages which shouldn t be updated This means that you usually see less packages than stored in the USB stick 2 Press the Upgrade button and wait for Nesis to finish copying the files from the USB stick to internal flash drive 3 When Nesis is finished press the Close button In most cases this restarts Nesis List of software packages for upgrade Package Name J nesis bin iy nesis data w nesis firmware 1 1 1svn3133 1 1 a14 1 1 a23 Upgrade Upgrade Upgrade Scanning database Scanning software sources Checking for updates Finished Figure 35 An example of the update dialog where list of available updates is shown If you have two or more Nesis screens on board you need to update each one separately The update dialog also shows the Advance command This command is obsolete and will be removed in next versions Version 2 0 42 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 8 File Transfer Service 6 7 4 Firmware Update The procedure described so far has only transferred new firmware files from the USB stick into the Nesis flash drive But it has not transferred the files into individual remote units AHRS magnetic compass engine monitoring unit etc In order to update firmware of remote units follow the procedure given below This p
49. n is used to turn Nesis on off The USB port or SD card slot is used for software chart and data updates The OK Menu button is used to confirm selection to accept a decision or to display a menu e The rotating knob hereinafter referred to as the knob is mostly used to select things change values change zoom levels etc e The Cancel Esc button is used to reject selection to cancel some decision or to change escape to some other selection level e The multi function buttons Btn 1 Btn 5 have two modes 3 Some earlier versions use SD card slot for the same purpose In this case SD card also stores all map files and it must be kept inserted during the flight Version 2 0 10 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 2 2 Turning On Off 1 Direct mode with no menu labels shown on the display the buttons allow direct access to individual screens 2 Menu mode is active when at least one menu label is visible on the screen For the moment try to remember the position of the OK Menu and the Cancel Esc buttons 2 2 Turning On Off The On Off button is used to turn Nesis on or off It has no other meaning The button sends the signal to the electronic circuit Depending on the current status of the electronics 1t executes one of the following actions e If Nesis is off a short press on the On Off button turns it on e If Nesis is on a short press on the On Off button starts the shutdown procedure Any act
50. ndicator the scale has several markings as you can see on figure 49 Upper scale limit Unit label Lower scale limit ly White arc y pe M i F NE gt 240 nn 2 Es e 60 Green arc 220 km h VRef Yellow arc VFE2 IAS Vy Figure 49 Airspeed indicator optimized for an airplane using two step landing flaps The markings on the figure has the following meanings e IAS indicated airspeed is presented by a needle which starts at center and ends at scale markings e TAS true airspeed is shown as a number inside the window e The white range is the normal range of operating speeds for the aircraft with the flaps extended as for landing or takeoff Depending on the aircraft the white range may have additional upper speed limits which are based on flap extension step See also Vrri and Vrpo White range in a helicopter or gyrocopter indicates the best speed for the autorotation e The green range is the normal range of operating speeds for the aircraft without flaps extended The lower limit of the green range is also referred to as Vs stall speed or minimum steady flight speed for which the aircraft is still controllable The upper limit is also referred to as Vyo maximum structural cruising speed e The yellow range is the range in which the aircraft may be operated in smooth air and then only with caution to avoid abrupt control movement e The redline mark indicates the Vxg velocity never exceeded the maxi
51. ng and unsafe information to the pilot An indication lower than actual is not so dangerous Therefore a pilot must Version 2 0 60 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 7 10 Fuel Computer Monitor frequently compare the fuel level indicated by the fuel computer with the independent external fuel gauges and indicators and update the Nesis fuel level The fuel level update procedure is described in section 14 5 on page 28 Version 2 0 61 Kanardia 2011
52. nges the navi gation map mode into the browse mode The browse mode allows you to do the following e Move the map to any position you want e Do the graphical route planning e Set the direct to waypoint to a point selected on the map e Activate newly planned route 5 1 Moving the Map At the first use after Nesis start up the map is centered at the airplane position Later on the position of the previous browsing is preserved During browsing the map orientation is always North up A small circle called cursor is used to move the map around and to refer to some specific points on the map see figure 24 on page 30 The cursor is always located on a radial line which starts at the map center point on the map is selected in two steps In the first stept radial line is adjusted so that it covers the point In the second step the cursor is moved along the radial line over the point Radial and cursor are working in a polar coordinate system Using the radial and the cursor the map is moved by repeating three simple steps These steps may be repeated as long as 1t is necessary 1 Use the knob to adjust the radial angle The radial line rotates in large steps Press OK when the line is close to the point where you want to move OK switches to the fine radial selection step 2 Now use the knob to do the fine radial selection Press OK to switch to the cursor move step 3 Use the knob to slide the cursor on the radial line S
53. nly The pilot takes all responsibility Set QNH 1013 hPa and risk associated with the use of this device QFE altitude 364 m Press OK to agree and continue Serial N A Version 1 1 SVN 3156 Standard Figure 4 Initial agreement left pilot selection QNH and fuel level setting right Pressing the OK button accepts the agreement and advances to the next page This page asks for the pilot name QNH and fuel level Use the following commands to enter the required information Version 2 0 11 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 2 2 Turning On Off 1 Turn the knob to select the pilot Press the OK button to confirm the pilot selection 2 This takes you to fuel level selection Turn the knob to set current fuel level and press the OK button Act conservative and set slightly less fuel than you really have 3 Use the knob to set QNH level If correct QNH value is not known it may be approxi mated by setting QFE altitude to the airfield elevation Sometimes you want to go back and correct some selection 1 Press the Cancel button in order to switch from the control edit mode into the control selection mode 2 Use the knob button to select a pilot fuel level or QNH control 3 Pressing the OK button puts the selected control into the edit mode 4 Use the knob button to pick a pilot from the list adjust QNH or fuel level Press the OK button when done Once the dialog was closed Nesis is ready to
54. o Heading up Version 2 0 39 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 6 Time amp Date 2 Press the Record button and turn the airplane for more than one full circle Try to keep constant angular rate when turning The recording stops automatically when thick green line makes full circle on the Nesis screen 3 Observe the new calibration line In most situations this line should be within the red dotted line interval The calibration line shows magnetic compass correction calculated at given heading These corrections can reach up to 20 and in rare cases even more 4 If you are happy with the results press the Save button to keep new calibration Otherwise press Reset button and go to step 2 5 Press Close in order to complete the step one This closes the calibration dialog 6 5 2 Second Step Here we assume that the first step was completed successfully Now a constant offset error remains You need to obtain this error by observing difference between known reference headings and by the headings shown on the HSI map This error is more or less constant regardless to the direction You can calculate the difference comparing true headings or by comparing magnetic headings but do not mix them You should never calculate difference between magnetic heading reference and true heading HSI map reading or vice versa Write down this difference for a few different directions and calculate the average Set this average
55. om the airplane position at the time of dialog was opened Since there are many points available for selection filters need to be applied in order to hide some of the points There are three type of filters and all of them are acting simultaneously e Range filter is used to limit the search to some reasonable distance If you do not see your point on the list consider to increase the radius limit Nesis remembers last radius used and will reuse the same radius on the next run e Type filter is used to include or exclude individual lists airfields navigation aids VFR reporting points and user specific points e Name filter is used to filter points according to their name Only names which match given pattern are listed In the case of airfields Nesis searches for the name or ICAO label Press the OK Menu button to show menu label and select the Waypoint button to open the dialog shown on figure 19 Active types aie Name Filter a L 459 items found Dolsko Dolsko Ljubljana VELENJE LAJSEGLD LJUBLJANA BRNIK Figure 19 The waypoint selection dialog 4 3 1 The Waypoint Selection Mode The dialog always starts in the waypoint selection mode with radius filter and type filter set to previously used values The previous setting of the name filter is reset however e Turning the knob changes current selection 19 By the navigation aid we mean VORs NDBs ILSes TACANs and other similar radio navigation aid
56. one full circle about 400 This step efficiently removes a large portion of the nonlinear error However some error which is more or less constant in all directions remains This is called the offset error e In the second step this remaining offset error is entered manually In order to obtain the offset error airplane shall be directed into two or three known reference headings Write down the differences between the reference heading and Nesis heading shown on the HSI map Average value of the differences gives the final offset which should be entered into Nesis Note that the second step can be done much later a few days or weeks than the first step Figure 32 shows compass calibration dialog 6 5 1 First Step Here are the instructions needed to perform the first step of the calibration Please be sure that you will be able to turn the airplane for more than one full circle in a position which is as close to the level flight as possible Compass calibration Status Turn the aeroplane Heading 12 0 p lt Sa New calibration Old calibration Recomended limit Figure 32 Compass calibration dialog first step is in the progress 1 Open the Compass Calibration dialog and enter the password 19 Be careful When the reference headings are magnetic headings Nesis HSI map must be set to Magnetic up and when the reference headings are true headings Nesis HSI map must be set t
57. onic units which work closely together to bring flight engine and fuel information onto graphical display The system is presented on figure 1 The system consists of the following electronic components CAN bus Airu Nesis display sr EET CEEE Figure 1 Illustration of minimal Nesis configuration e Engine monitoring unit Daqu is used to connect the engine fuel and electric sensors e Airu is an inertial navigation unit AHRS aided by the GPS and pressure sensors Airu provides attitude position and velocities Airu is hidden inside the Primary Nesis display e Mabu unit is a hidden unit and serves as motherboard for the embedded computer as a data logger and as a CAN bus interface Mabu is integral part of any Nesis display e Primary Nesis display presents all relevant information that appears on the CAN bus in a pilot friendly form on a large LCD screen Most of this manual describes how to access read and interact with the Nesis display The Nesis system can be easily extended into a much more complex form figure 2 We achieved this by introducing CAN bus for the communication between the units The CAN bus does the magic of the all possible known and unknown future extensions Imagine the CAN bus as a kind of computer network Just like new computers can be easily connected to the network we connect new devices to CAN This allo
58. ow 12 m s Engine is monitored in parallel An engine start is detected when engine exceeds 500 RPM and engine stop is recorded when RPM drop below that limit Special algorithms are used to prevent false flight or engine recordings due to false engine starts or wind bursts Important In order to provide all this information Nesis needs to monitor engine RPM beyond the engine stop The current flight will be closed about 10 seconds after the engine has been stopped This means that engine must be stopped before Nesis 15 tuned off in order to close the log properly Stopping the engine and turning Nesis off later is in a dispute with common behavior of most pilots They usually turn off all the avionics and quit the engine last to prevent unnecessary discharge of the battery Nesis uses only 0 8 A at 12 V about 10 W and has almost no impact on battery when running for a few minutes 6 3 User Preferences This dialog allows customizing user preferences T here are several logically grouped sections An example is given in figure 30 Use the Close command to save the changes and close the dialog In most cases this restarts Nesis 17 Mathematically speaking if v t represents TAS and t represents time then the distance D is calculated as D te v t dt 18 One Nesis display with Daqu and Magu is assumed Two Nesis displays with Daqu and Magu are consuming about 1 5 A at 12 V Version 2 0 36 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6
59. pared with the short term prediction of the attitude Non linear Kalman filters are used to combine the short term prediction and referencing attitude solution into one most probable solution T his is what you see on the attitude indicator In a very similar way short term inertial position prediction is compared with the GPS position Again Kalman filtering is used to obtain the final solution 1 2 2 Engine Sensors Engine related sensors are connected to the engine monitoring unit Daqu Daqu is designed to be installed on the engine side of the firewall This has two advantages e Since the unit is close to the engine all cables are short and no extensions are needed This means less weight and makes installation simpler too e We need only one tiny hole trough the firewall for the CAN bus cable The cable transfers all the information and provides the power supply for Daqu Daqu is designed to monitor engine sensors for various engines up to six cylinders e g Rotax Jabiru Lycoming When an engine is equipped with proper sensors it can measure engine RPM cylinder head temperature CHT exhaust gas temperature EGT oil pressure oil temperature fuel pressure fuel flow fuel level manifold pressure carburetor air temperatue voltage battery current alternator current coolant temperature and more In the case of gyrocopter or helicopter installation it also reads the rotor RPM sensor The results of all these measuremen
60. pen that the sensor value for the empty tank is larger than the sensor value for the full tank This is not an error and it simply indicates that sensor is working in the opposite direction Follow the steps below 1 Empty the fuel tank completely Once the tank is empty press the Empty button 2 Now fill up the tank completely and press the Full button Version 2 0 50 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 14 Tank Calibration 3 Finally press the Save button to save the results into the corresponding unit where the sensors are attached to The Close button closes the dialog without saving changes 6 143 Edit Tank Shapes This option can be used for the User tank shape only Here we record a curve that connects sensor values with actual fuel quantity stored in tank Please note that most fuel level sensors are not able to detect a completely empty tank they stop indicating before the tank is truly empty The same is true for the full tank Sensors stop indicating before the tank is completely full Calibrate tank shape Tank ts Volume I Sensor 141 754 202 944 287 571 339 26 460 764 Sensor value 461 26 Figure 47 Tank shape editor dialog The table always shows fuel in liters even when gallons were used on input In order to calibrate sensor against tank shape please follow these steps 1 Make sure tank is completely empty Add the inaccessible amount of fuel into the tank You may
61. point Use Close to exit Version 2 0 AA Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 11 System Preferences Y Allow audio alarms Set alarm Max airspeed Disable Oil temp Voice Text Stall warning Voice Text Water temp Voice Text Engine RPM Voice Text Fuel level Voice Text Rotor RPM Voice Text Fuel pressure Text Oil pressure Voice Text El current Voice Text CHT Voice Text EGT Disable Voltage Voice Text Carburetor Disable Figure 38 Alarms configuration dialog User waypoints Latitude Longitude Figure 39 An example of the user waypoints editing dialog 6 11 System Preferences The system preferences are separated into two panels The first one coveres the look of the Nesis screens while the second deals with the aircraft gliding perfromance Nesis Glide Instruments Altitude Reserve Classic Finesse Modern Demo Changes may require Nesis reboot Figure 40 An example of the system preferences dialog 6 11 1 Nesis The Nesis section mostly deals with the look of the Nesis on the screen which instrument layout shall be shown type of the modern screen and availability of the demonstration mode Normally the instruments selection should never be changed since Nesis comes with the selection tuned for your airplane Please do not change this unless we advise you to Version 2 0 45 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 12 Attitude Adjustment
62. r flight time activities are e Setting reference QNH pressure Selecting an airport from the nearest airports list e Selecting a waypoint Selecting an existing route or a route leg Adjusting fuel level Setting pitch correction 4 1 Setting QNH The QNH setting is accessible from classic flight information engine monitor and modern flight information screens Press the OK Menu button to display the menu and then press the QNH button A QNH setting dialog pops up figure 17 Set QNH OFE altitude 191 m Figure 17 Setting the QNH e Turn the knob to set correct QNH reference pressure Press the OK button to accept the selection This also closes the dialog Optionally you can simply wait and Nesis will accept given value after a few seconds e Press the Cancel button to close the dialog Recent changes are rejected 4 1 1 QFE Operation When you operate your airplane locally say around domestic airfield then you may set the QFE altitude rather than QNH In order to set your altimeter to the zero altitude the QFE altitude turn the knob until the bottom number is close to zero But be careful You can do this only while you are sitting on the ground Otherwise the QFE setting will be wrong 4 1 2 Initial QNH Setting When QNH is not known and you are sitting on an airfield with a known altitude you can approximate QNH value by setting the QFE altitude to the known airfield altitude This gives a p
63. retty good QNH approximation 13 Normally you can t get exact zero because you change baro correcting pressure in discrete steps One hPa at the sea level corresponds to approximately 8 meters of altitude Version 2 0 22 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 4 2 List of Nearest Airports 4 2 List of Nearest Airports A list of nearest airports is available from the classic flight information screen navigation screen and modern navigation screen It is considered to be a kind of a distress feature In order to access the list press the OK Menu button to display the menu and then press the Airfield button dialog shown on figure 18 appears Airfields are sorted according to the distance from the airplane position at the time when the button was pressed Distance and bearing are shown for each airfield Colored arrows indicate the relative direction to the airfield according to the direction of the airplane at the time when the dialog was opened Arrow colors indicate whether an airfield can be reached in the glide mode e Red arrow indicates that airfield can t be safely reached in the glide mode e Yellow arrow indicates that airfield might be reached in the glide mode however below the safety altitude e Green arrow indicates that airfield should be reached in the glide mode at or above the safety altitude Minimal safety altitude and glide ratio are configured in the settings dialog Please refer to section 6 3 for more
64. rnet Wherever it is possible we cross check the infor mation and we try to make it current However this is not possible in all aspects and the quality of the information may vary from country to country It is important to notice that we cannot guarantee that the information included with Nesis or otherwise provided by Kanardia is current and correct lt is the pilot responsibility to prepare himself for the flight and to collect all required information from reliable sources It is strongly suggested that the pilot keeps valid printed navigation maps and other legally required material at disposal anytime during the flight Version 2 0 9 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 2 Nesis Basics 2 Nesis Basics This chapter describes the organization of the Nesis instrument It teaches you about the individual buttons and their meaning After reading you will be familiar with basic Nesis operations Forthcoming sections reveal the details 2 1 Command Panel The Nesis command panel is organized according to figure 3 It uses eight push buttons and one rotating knob to manipulate the user interface Additionally it has an USB port used for software chart and data updates On Off button USB port SD card OK Menu button Rotating knob Cancel button Button 1 Button 2 Button 5 Multi function buttons Figure 3 Organization of Nesis front panel Here is a brief description of individual items The On Off butto
65. rocedure is available from the primary Nesis only Secondary Nesis when present must be also turned on Hardware list Installed Available HW req Status 2 253 Airu 1 1 1 0 3114 1 0 3121 Any Upgrade 3 252 Mabu 1 2 1 0 3089 1 0 3089 2 0 Keep Daqu should be upgraded Press the Program button Figure 36 Firmware update dialog 1 Select the Software Updates icon and enter the required password 2 Press the Firmware button This opens a new dialog shown on the figure 36 The units listed on your screen will be similar 3 Use the knob to select the first unit with the Upgrade text shown in the Status column 4 Press the Program button and confirm 5 Wait until the progress bar completes The progress bar may restart once or twice 6 Wait 10 seconds more and then press the Rescan button to repopulate the units Newly programmed unit should appear with status set to Keep 7 Repeat steps 3 6 until all units have status Keep Press the Close button when finished The Downgr downgrade button is obsolete and it should not be used This command will be removed in next versions Otherwise this command was used to force the system to install an older version of the software 6 8 File Transfer Service This dialog is used to copy new files in Nesis You can copy updates for maps check lists and translations Version 2 0 43 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 9 Alarms When USB key with update
66. rs This closes the dialog and returns to the step one e Press Reset to reset the channel use this on unused channels f Press Close to close the channel editing without accepting new parameters 2 Once all channels are set you must press Save in order to transfer the new configuration to Daqu This also makes new configuration active 3 Press Close to exit the dialog This does not save the new configuration Channel Z02 Function Fuel flow 1 Sensor Linear Is isolated Report time 1000 ms Filter 800 ms Pulses 8000 Correction Figure 44 En example of digital channel configuration dialog Since digital fuel flow senor is selected the Pulses and Correction options are also available 6 14 Tank Calibration Before tank calibration can be performed fuel level sensors must configured Sensor config uration was described in section 6 13 starting on page 47 The tank calibration icon displays a list of three options e Setup tanks combines sensors hardware units and tank names This must be done first After this other two options become available e Calibrate sensors min max is used to calibrate a tank which shape is already known Here only empty tank and full tank limits are required Version 2 0 49 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 14 Tank Calibration e Edit tank shapes makes a complete tank shape calibration taking several measure ments After measurements are complete min ma
67. s which locations are often used in VFR flight for the navigation 16 In Europe VFR reporting points are more and more used in VFR flights to define the flying routes and entry exit points between airspace zones Version 2 0 24 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 4 3 Selecting a Waypoint e Pressing the OK button accepts the selection and sets it as a new waypoint in the direct to mode e The Close button closes the dialog rejecting any selection e The Name button activates the name filter editing e The Radius button activates the radius control e The Type button activates the type selection e The New button opens a dialog where you can add a new waypoint 4 3 2 Name Filter The name filter allows you to enter a few letters As letters are entered the list displays only those waypoints which name matches letters in the filter Figure 19 illustrates the situation where the letter L is about to be entered in the name filter Note that airfields are matched against ICAO labels or airfield names at the same time Once the name filter control is in the text edit mode you have the following options e Turn the knob until desired letter is displayed e Press the OK button to enter the displayed letter into the name filter field The list of waypoints changes accordingly e Press the Cancel button to remove the last letter in the edit box e Press the OK button on the paragraph symbol to stop editing This restores th
68. s is inserted new files are listed in the Files to copy window Simply press the Copy button to proceed First files are verified and then copied After all files are copied Nesis will restart Note When verification of any file fails no file will be copied into Nesis File Transfer Service Source USB OK Destination int SD OK Checklist kus Translate kus Files to copy Airplane kus Verifing integrity AAA Copying files A Figure 37 File transfer service dialog 6 9 Alarms This dialog is used to configure individual alarms Each alarm can be set to one of the four options e Disable is used to disable alarm completely This is useful in the case of a sensor failure A faulty sensor keeps signaling false alarms and here you disable it until sensor is replaced e Text is used to display alarm without any sound e Sound Text is used to display alarm and plays a beep sound e Voice Text is used to display alarm and plays a voice describing the alarm Alarm text output and human voice depend on the language settings When selected language is not available English is used 6 10 User Waypoints Nesis allows storing user specific waypoints These waypoints are entered during the flight see section 4 3 5 on page 26 and can be edited using this dialog as well Use New to enter new user waypoint in the system Use Edit to modify selected user waypoint Use Delete to remove the selected user way
69. t Changing the flight reveals further details about the flight e The engine on off control tells when the engine was started and stopped for the selected flight In the case of motorgliders it displays first engine start and the last engine stop Version 2 0 35 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 3 User Preferences e The cycles time control holds number of engine cycles during the flight Typically just one cycle is shown however motorgliders powered gliders may have more The time is the total engine time during the flight e The distance control gives information about the distance traveled during the flight This is not a distance on a route or between two most distant points in the flight but simply a distance like it would be measured in a car e The speed avg max control shows the average and the maximal true airspeed on your flight e The total and specific fuel consumption is given in the fuel tot spec control e Maximal altitude reached during the flight is also recorded It is presented in the Alt max box Nesis uses quite sophisticated algorithms to record true flights It distinguishes between a flight time and a block on block off time Furthermore if you have a motorglider it correctly detects that engine was turned off and that you are in the gliding mode Nesis considers that a flight has started when airspeed is larger than 12 m s 43 2 km h and that a flight has finished when airspeed drops bel
70. the knob to select a route waypoint e The Select Leg button selects a leg on the route that leads to the selected waypoint Nesis switches to the route mode guiding you to follow the selected leg e The Direct To button guides you to the selected waypoint in the direct to mode e Press the Deactivate button to deactivate the route Version 2 0 2T Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 4 5 Adjusting Fuel Level Route LJCL LJMB MARIBOR Figure 22 Selection of a leg or a waypoint in an existing route 4 5 Adjusting Fuel Level This option is available only when no fuel level sensors are connected to Daqu and Nesis calculates remaining fuel from the fuel flow information The fuel level is first adjusted during the Nesis start up procedure However if you need to modify it during the flight switch to the engine monitor screen press the OK Menu button and then select the Fuel Level button dialog similar to figure 23 appears e Turn the knob to adjust the fuel level Note the fuel level changes in steps Act conservative and set slightly less fuel than you really have e Confirm the selection by pressing the OK button e Reject and close the dialog by pressing the Cancel button Set Fuel Figure 23 Setting a fuel level Version 2 0 28 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 5 Browsig the Map 5 Browsig the Map The navigation screen has a special menu command called Browse which cha
71. tion screen 3 3 Engine Monitor Screen 3 The engine monitor screen displays classic indicators of various engine and fuel related pa rameters Some instruments and parameters are configurable and they may be adjusted to individual needs 1 Fuel flow 2 RPM and engine time 3 Voltage and current fuel level manifold 1 21 V 28 4 Oil and fuel pressure 5 Oil and water temp 6 GT and CHT 7 Backup battery status 8 Outside air temperature Figure 11 Illustration of the engine monitor screen Rotax 912 version Figure 11 illustrates an example of the engine monitor screen The engine monitor screen is Version 2 0 17 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 3 4 Modern Flight Information Screen 4 highly configurable and your screen may look a bit different 1 The fuel indicator combines the fuel related parameters like fuel flow fuel level and manifold pressure Fuel flow and fuel level units are configurable and may be set in liters or US gallons 2 RPM and engine time is a reproduction of a classical instrument 3 The indicator displays system voltage and current Typically alternator current is shown However this depends on the current transducer installation 4 Oil and fuel pressures are combined into one indicator Units are configurable bars and PSI may be used 5 Oil and water coolant temperatures are also combined into one indicator Available units are C and F 6 Cy
72. to activate the route choose the Route Activate command This exits the browse mode switches to the flight mode and activates the route immediately 5 5 Direct To The Direct To button sets cursor as a new active waypoint The command exits the browse mode and shows the normal flight mode map Newly created waypoint becomes active in the direct to mode 5 6 Home The Home button is used move the map back to the current aircraft position Version 2 0 31 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 Settings 6 Settings The settings screen allows choosing from several different icons Figure 25 illustrates the screen The settings icons are arranged into two groups The first group consists of icons which are accessible to the user while the second group consists of icons which are accessible to the service personel only Figure 25 User settings options left and service settings options right The following options are available in the user group Each option is described later in individual subsections e The Route Planning icon is used to create delete and edit the routes e The Logbook icon is used to view the flight logs e The User Preferences icon is used to change some parameters which define Nesis behaviour e The Units icon is used to change the instrument units e The Compass Calibration icon is used to calibrate compass by turning the airplane or to adjust the compass heading correction e The Date
73. ts are then transmitted on the CAN bus where all other units are able to read them 1 2 3 Sensor Calibration Almost all MEMS sensors have one common problem they are sensitive to the temperature change This means that each unit must be calibrated individually Each sensor of every unit is measured at different temperatures and compared with reference values Results are optimized mathematically in order to minimise the sensor errors Resulting calibration coefficients are written into flash memory of the microcontroller This procedure can be done in our lab only since some special tools and machinery are needed The compass calibration however is an exception Although the electronic compass Magu is carefully calibrated in our lab it needs to be recalibrated in your airplane Practically every alrplane has some magnetic material present in the compass surroundings Such material locally disturbs Farth magnetic field and compass must take this disturbances into account Please refer to section 6 5 on page 38 for more details The world magnetic model is maintained and updated by National Geophysic Data Center http www ngdc noaa gov geomag Version 2 0 8 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 1 3 Charts Flight and Navigation Information 1 3 Charts Flight and Navigation Information Charts flight and navigation information is obtained from many different sources All these sources are freely available on the Inte
74. use You can t edit the list of pilots here If you want to add a new pilot remove or rename an existing one please refer to section 6 3 on page 36 for more details gt The fuel level option is shown only when no fuel level sensors are connected to Daqu Version 2 0 12 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 3 The Five Major Screens 3 The Five Major Screens This section describes the five major screens used in Nesis T he screens are directly accessible by pressing multifunction buttons when no menu labels are visible on the display Figure 5 illustrates the connections between buttons and screens 2 Navigation 4 Modern Flight Information FRE AA al PS Al a A on 1 Classic Flight Information 3 Engine Monitor 5 Settings Figure 5 Each button opens different screen 3 1 Classic Flight Information Screen 1 The first leftmost button activates the classic flight information screen The screen shows flight information which is of pilot s primary concern The most important instruments have classical look and follow the recommended IFR T layout classic six pack Figure 6 shows an example of the screen All round gauges are fully configurable and may show other information as well 1 The airspeed indicator displays IAS indicated airspeed and TAS true airspeed The indicator background displays white green yellow arc VNE limit recommended ap proach speed best climb speed
75. used in Nesis 26 VER visual flight rules These rules are a set of aviation regulations under which a pilot may operate an aircraft in weather conditions sufficient to allow the pilot by visual reference to the environment outside the cockpit to control the airplane attitude navigate and maintain safe separation from obstacles such as terrain buildings and other aircraft 27 The feet version of altimeter can be configured to show the third 10000 feet needle as well Version 2 0 99 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 7 5 Tachometer and Manifold Pressure Indicator ACCELERATION o 0 6 Figure 52 The metric version of variometer used in Nesis It can be shown in feet per minute metres per second or meters per minute depending on choice of units See section 6 3 on page 36 for more details The indicator shows acceleration as well The acceleration is shown in a numeric form in term of Gs 7 5 Tachometer and Manifold Pressure Indicator A tachometer is an instrument that measures the rotation speed of a motor shaft It displays the revolutions per minute RPM hence its alternative name RPM indicator A manifold pressure is an effect of choked flow through a throttle in the intake manifold of an engine It is a measure of the amount of restriction of airflow through the engine and hence of the unused power capacity in the engine Both indicators are related to the power settings Therefore we com
76. used in engine bar psi Temperature C F Mass kg Ibs Fuel volume gal Fuel flow volume flow I h gal h 6 5 Compass Calibration The Magu unit magnetic compass is carefully calibrated in our lab However like any mag netic device Magu is affected by nearby ferrous materials as well as by local electromagnetic fields produced by other electronic devices Earth magnetic field which is what we want to detect is combined with the unwanted magnetic fields produced by ferrous materials and electromagnetic devices The calibration process can efficiently remove a large part of the error caused by the un wanted magnetic fields but only if such fields are not too strong Therefore it is of ultimate 38 Version 2 0 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 5 Compass Calibration importance to install Magu away from ferrous materials like engine or steel rods and away from electromagnetic devices like speakers radio transmitter transponder etc Since electromagnetic devices emit their magnetic field only when they are turned on you must turn on all electric devices before you start the compass calibration and keep them activated for the time of calibration You should also make your airplane as level as possible The calibration is done in two steps Both steps are briefly explained first Later more detailed step by step procedure is given e The first step requires turning the airplane for a little bit more than
77. w Misalignment If the instrument panel is perfectly flat and perpendicular to the airplane x axis longitudinal axis than there is no yaw misalignment and the correction angle is zero This perfect situation is illustrated on figure 41 left Some instrument panels or Nesis installations are skewed regarding the airplane x axis lon gitudinal axis In this case you need to measure the misalignment angle Y and enter it into Nesis Nesis accepts corrections up to 10 Figure 41 defines positive and negative Y angle Once V is measured enter it into the Yaw control see the top of figure 42 Yaw correction affects the roll and pitch correction as well Hence it is important to be set before roll and pitch corrections are made 6 12 2 Roll and Pitch Adjustment Once yaw correction is known in most cases it is zero roll and pitch can be automatically corrected Please make sure that airplane is level for both roll and pitch Make also sure that Nesis is turned on for at least five minutes this warms up the internal electronics and stabilizes numerical filters Once the airplane is level and Nesis is warm press the Adjust button to start the automatic procedure 23 Set finesse not more than 1 for gyrocopter or helicopter case Version 2 0 A6 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 6 13 Airplane amp Engine X axis axis ls Ts axis Figure 41 Illustration of possible yaw misalignment of Nesis top view perfect positio
78. ws introduction of secondary Nesis display autopilot weather service external warning panel lights transponder Version 2 0 6 Kanardia 2011 Nesis User s Manual 1 2 Principles of the Operation CAN bus Secondary Display CAN bus Autopilot Transpond Fuel level Weather Camera Special monitor stabilization devices Figure 2 Illustration of extended Nesis configuration using CAN bus Although the secondary Nesis display does not have the Airu unit inside it is fully functional and behaves almost exactly like the primary Nesis display The Nesis family of products and accessories keeps growing and growing Please refer to the Nesis Puchase Guide for all available options 1 2 Principles of the Operation As it was indicated above Nesis uses special units to provide the information The flight information attitude position and velocities are obtained by Airu and Magu while all engine related information is obtained from Daqu All these units are connected to the CAN bus 1 2 1 Attitude Heading and Velocities Nesis uses state of the art MEMS sensors to read various physical quantities Since all sensors are solid state Nesis has no moving parts This means it has less problems with fatigue and ageing The following MEMS sensors are used in the Nesis system e The angular rate sensors also known as gyros are used
79. x calibration is done automatically 6 14 1 Setup Tanks After fuel level sensors are connected to some unit Daqu in this case but other units are planned in the future the unit must be linked with tank names This is done in the dialog shown on figure 45 Tank setup Tank name Shape Unit Tank 1 Figure 45 Tank setup dialog In the dialog the tank C has User defined shaped The tank is connected to the device with serial number 1145 Daqu in this case Give tank a name Use very short names just one letter when possible Choose the tank shape Select your tank aircraft and tank model when available or specify the User shape When non user shape is selected proceed to the min max calibration For the User shape you must proceed with the Edit tank shape option 6 14 2 Calibrate Sensors Min Max This option can be used only when the tank shape is already known This is true for all non user shapes For user specified shapes the option is available only if the tank shape was already determined before Set empty full limits Tank Sensor value 442 33 Empty value 21 94 Full value 442 26 Figure 46 Defining the sensor limits on a known tank shape Observe the sensor value This value must be alive and must change as the tank becomes full or empty At the end the sensors values next to the empty and full labels should be significantly different The actual values depend on the sensor type It may hap

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