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Science Safety Handbook for California Public Schools

1. MO 12 50 1383 Talking with Preschoolers Strategies for Promoting First and Second Language Development video 1998 12 00 1255 Taking Charge A Disaster Preparedness Guide for Child Care and Development Centers 1996 sss 10 25 1261 Visual and Performing Arts Framework for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve 1996 15 00 1392 Work Based Learning Guide 1998 eccecesseessssesceseeseeseeseeseeseesecsecsecseeseeseeseesecsecsecsecsecsecceessesseseeseesecsecsecseseeeaeeaeeseeaeeaeeaeeaees 12 50 1390 Work Permit Handbook for California Schools 1998 sese eene eene nennen ennt nn serene 13 00 1381 Workforce Career Development Model 1998 ccsssssesssesceecesceseeseeseeseesecsecsecseeecceseeseesecsecsecsecsecsecaceceeaeeaeeaecaecaesseeeeseeeeseeaeeas 9 50 Order Form Date To California Department of Education School District CDE Press Sales Office P O Box 271 Name Attention Sacramento CA 95812 0271 916 445 1260 FAX 916 323 0823 Address Please send me a free copy of the current City State al Educational Resources Catalog Telephone Item Number of Price per number Title of publication copies or sets copy or set Total Total number of Check made payable to California Department of Educati
2. Prices are subject to change Please call 1 800 995 4099 for current prices and shipping charges 178 Item no Title Date of publication Price 1462 Reading Language Arts Framework for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve 1999 17 50 1399 Ready to Learn Quality Preschools for California in the 21st Century The Report of the Superintendent s Universal Preschool Task Force I008 iiie iem don e ee ee ER HESSELEEXYE EEG EE RENE EFE EX ERRESE EAR EGO FREE RR RE VERE SEEE DENM eS DERE CESARE EE EE retineo 8 00 1496 Science Content Standards for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve 2000 9 00 0870 Science Framework for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve 1990 sss 9 50 1445 Science Safety Handbook for California Public Schools 1999 Edition eesesessesesseeeseeeeeeenne nete 17 50 1452 Service Learning Linking Classrooms and Communities The Report of the Superintendent s Service Learning Task Force 1999 2 a aia 7 00 1407 Steering by Results A High Stakes Rewards and Interventions Program for California Schools and Students The Report of the Rewards and Interventions Advisory Committee 1998 sss 8 00 1472 Strategic Teaching and Learning Standards Based Instruction to Promote Content Literacy in Grades Four Through Twelve LU
3. External Internal Inhalation Seek immediate medical 10 1 1 Not regulated attention Magnesium Sulfate Irritates eyes and respiratory External Flush eyes with Epsom salts tract water for 15 minutes Inhalation Move to fresh air seek medical attention 10 1 1 Not regulated Manganese Dioxide Strong oxidizer moderately External Wash skin with toxic Avoid contact with soap and water 2 1 3 Not regulated organic material Manganous Sulfate Tissue irritant External Induce vomiting and seek immediate 10 1 1 Not regulated medical attention A Mercurous Mercuric Nitrate POISON Same as mercury External See treatment Nonfire Fire 2 1 1 POISON 6 1 compounds Also is a fire hazard with organic compounds under mercury metal Internal Do not give emetic if solution is acidic A Mercury Compounds DANGER Highly toxic May be fatal if swallowed Do not breathe dust Keep away from feed or food products Wash thoroughly after handling POISON 8 1 2 POISON 6 1 All are considered poisonous and harmful by swallowing inhaling or absorbing through the skin Vapor dust solutions and solids are all to be handled with caution Can cause damage to kidneys and nervous system Suspected teratogen Fire hazard with organic materials Dispose of as extremely hazardous waste External See treatment under mercury metal Internal Seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks
4. Secure apparatus Perhaps set them in sinks or on the floor Shut off water gas and electricity master controls Have fire extinguishers at ready Evacuate to an open area when necessary or safe to do so instructor s decision Comply with administrative instructions The activities in this list are not necessarily in a set order In an emergency the severity of the earthquake will help dictate the order If any of the actions to guard against hazards can be accomplished in the process of duck cover and hold the situation would become much safer Advance preparation for the drill and for a sizable earthquake emergency will facilitate each step Teach ers should lead students in each class through a simulated drill early in the course and repeat the drill occasionally during the year This practice should carry over to staff preparation and response at home and wherever else one may be during a real emer gency A simulated drill is also the time in which to correct deficiencies in the preparedness of the facility Identify objects structures and furnishings that should be avoided and those that might be used for protection Objects glassware instruments or books that are on shelves without earthquake lips even those on shelves with closed doors are likely to dislodge and fall or become missiles Objects including containers of chemicals and solutions standing on counters will likely fall to t
5. 2 Self reactive materials are liable to undergo at normal or elevated temperatures a strongly exothermal decomposition caused by excessively high transport temperatures or by contamination and 3 Readily combustible solids are materials that 1 Are solids which may cause a fire through friction such as matches 11 Show a burning rate faster than 2 2 mm 0 087 inches per second when tested in accordance with para graph 2 c 2 of appendix E to this part or 111 Are metal powders that can be ignited and react over the whole length of a sample in 10 minutes or less when tested in accordance with paragraph 2 c 2 of appendix E to this part b Division 4 2 Spontaneously combustible material c Division 4 3 Dangerous when wet material means a material that by contact with water is liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas at a rate greater than 1 liter per kilogram of the material per hour 173 127 Class 5 Division 5 1 and 5 2 Definitions Oxidizer Division 5 1 means a material that may generally by yielding oxygen cause or enhance the combus tion of other materials Division 5 2 Organic peroxide 173 132 Class 6 Division 6 1 Definitions poisonous material means a material other than a gas which is known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to health during transportation or which in the absence of adequ
6. 21 22 23 24 25 26 156 Appendix J 27 Exercise caution in using scissors scalpels dissecting needles and other sharp edged instruments Pass them with handles extended when handing them to other persons 28 Wash all sharp edged and pointed instruments sepa rately from other equipment 29 Match hole size and tubing when inserting glass tubing into a stopper If necessary expand the hole first by using an appropriate size cork borer Lubricate the stopper hole and glass tubing with water or glycerin to ease insertion using towels to protect the hand Carefully twist never push glass tubing into stopper holes Handling Chemicals 30 Check labels and equipment instructions carefully Be sure correct items are used in the proper manner 31 Be aware if the chemicals being used are hazardous Know where the material safety data sheet MSDS is and what it indicates for each of the hazardous chemi cals you are using 32 Never pour reagents back into bottles exchange stoppers of bottles or lay stoppers on the table 33 Use great care when working with ether or other volatile liquids Windows and doors should be opened for greatest possible ventilation Be sure that caps or lids of containers used for chemicals are securely closed 34 Keep hands away from face eyes and clothes while using solutions specimens equipment or materials in the laboratory 35 To treat a burn from an acid or alkali
7. 10 Information on appropriate actions to take and persons to contact in an emergency involving blood or other potentially infectious materials 11 An explanation of the procedure to follow if an exposure incident occurs including the method of reporting the incident and the medical follow up that will be made available 12 Information on the post exposure evaluation and follow up that the employer is required to provide for the employee following an exposure incident 13 An explanation of the signs and labels and or color coding required by subsection g 1 and 14 An opportunity for interactive questions and answers with the person conducting the training session H The person conducting the training shall be knowledgeable in the subject matter covered by the ele ments contained in the training program as it relates to the workplace that the training will address h Recordkeeping 1 Medical Records A The employer shall establish and maintain an accurate record for each employee with occupational exposure in accordance with Section 3204 B This record shall include 1 The name and social security number of the em ployee 2 A copy of the employee s hepatitis B vaccination status including the dates of all the hepatitis B vaccinations and any medical records relative to the employee s ability to receive vaccination as required by subsection f 2 3 A copy of all results of examinations
8. A prime responsibility of the waste management coordinator would be to ensure that the school is in compliance with current local state and federal waste management regulations 2 Provide employees with information about waste reduction To enhance schoolwide awareness and participation inform employees of the necessity of waste reduction and the ways in which it can be achieved Hands on experiences provide the most effective learning forum for faculty and staff Arrange follow up meetings within each depart ment to give all employees the opportunity to discuss and critique the effectiveness of their reduction efforts 3 Centralize purchasing Schools should consider developing a system for buying chemicals through a centralized district or consortium purchasing agent The purchaser would monitor all requests received from the entire district or consortium and place money saving bulk orders for chemicals then distribute the chemicals to the schools 4 Prevent overstocking Within each school teach ers can prevent overstocking and ensure the availability of fully potent chemicals by sharing chemicals among common users and buying chemicals only as needed A practice that is initially slightly more expensive but will save money in the long run is the purchase of a chemical in several small bottles This system helps to stem the loss of large amounts of a chemical reagent through accidental contamina tion and makes it easier to
9. An approved fire blanket preferably fire retardant treated 100 percent wool is kept in a conspicuous and accessible place Flammable liquids are held in the classroom in fireproof containers not glass and in quantities sufficient only for one day s supply Approved fire retardant storage cabinets with a bottom pan to contain spills temporarily separate from the classroom are used for storing larger quantities of flammable corrosive and other dangerous chemicals The larger storage containers of acids and bases are stored on the lower cabinet shelves Flammable liquids are not kept in refrigerators unless the refrigerator is certified as explosion proof Food is not kept in refrigerators used for storing science materials L LE L 0 O0 O D E O O Appendix H 153 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 Signature s Date Ether on hand was purchased less than one year ago Ethers are periodically disposed of before they exceed their one year shelf life See Use and Disposal of Ethers in Chapter 5 of this handbook Sodium is stored under kerosene or oil Incompatible chemicals are not stored adjacent to one another See page 42 for a list of chemical storage compatibility categories for chemicals found in high school laboratories All chemical containers are dated on receipt and a current inventory is maintained The material safety
10. California Code of Regulations Title 8 Section 5191 required of all employers in workplaces in which there is laboratory use of hazardous chemicals the CHP is to include safe operating procedures use of protective equipment employee information and training provisions for medical consultations and examinations and designation of a chemical hygiene officer a Bloodborne pathogens exposure control plan California Code of Regulations Title 8 Section 5193 required of all employers with employees reasonably anticipated to have exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials in the performance of their duties a e Hazard communication material safety data sheet MSDS California Code of Regulations Title Section 5194 may be included in chemical hygiene plan noted above see also Chapter 5 section E required of all employers in workplaces in which hazardous chemicals are used unless all exposed employees are under the direct supervision and regular observation of an individual with knowledge of physical and health hazards and emergency procedures and who conveys this knowledge to employees in terms of safe work practices Labels and MSDSs received must be maintained and available to employees U 2 The school or school district has implemented a plan for the safe storage use and disposal of hazardous chemicals Education Code Section 49411 a 3 The implementation of the overall safety plan makes provisions at a
11. High concentration can lead to asphyxiation External Irrigate skin and eyes with water TTE May be body tissue irritant Inhalation Move to fresh Being phased out Is a central nervous system air Seek immediate 10 1 3 Not regulated depressant medical help Turpentine Flammable liquid Flammable liquid External Ventilate area Mild cause of allergy toxic Internal DO NOT induce 7 2S 3 FLAMMABLE Irritating to skin and vomiting Seek immediate LIQUID 3 mucous membranes medical attention Xylene WARNING Flammable Flammable liquid External Irrigate eyes with ah Keep away from heat and open flame Keep container closed Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin 7 28 2 FLAMMABLE LIQUID 3 May impair nervous system Irritating to eyes nose throat skin and lungs Will penetrate most types of clothing Extreme overexposure can cause pulmonary edema water Wash skin with soap and water Internal Seek medical attention Zinc Metal Powder ah KEEP DRY Dangerous when wet Spontaneously combustible 1 1 3 if kept dry FLAMMABLE SOLID 4 3 Dust is combustible Irritating to skin and mucous membranes External Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Internal Seek medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decis
12. Ne w The following is a brief summary of the meanings of the numbers in each hazard category and the precautions necessary in a hazardous situation Health blue 4 A few whiffs of the gas or vapor could cause death Usually the wearing of special protective clothing and equipment is required Examples in this category are hydrogen cyanide and bromine 3 Materials are extremely hazardous to health In a hazardous situation persons must wear full protec tive clothing and breathing apparatus before entering areas holding these materials Examples in this category are hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide 2 Materials are hazardous to health but areas may be entered freely by persons using self contained G Potentially Hazardous Chemicals 45 breathing apparatus An example in this category is ethyl ether 1 Materials are only slightly hazardous to health Self contained breathing apparatus may be desir able An example in this category is acetone 0 No health hazard is present beyond that of ordi nary combustible material Flammability red 4 This number is used for extremely flammable gases volatile flammable liquids and materials that in the form of dusts or mists readily form explosive mixtures when dispersed in air An example is propane 3 This category indicates liquids that can be ignited under almost all normal temperature conditions solids that form coarse dusts solids in shredded o
13. interest in science activities must be channeled constructively so that capricious careless actions do not occur The following practices skills or areas of knowl edge are among the issues dealt with in this handbook and should be taught in most laboratory classes see also Appendix B Education Code Section 51202 Proper eye care safety practices Proper handling of glassware and glass tubing Proper setup and handling of electrical equipment e Safe use of chemicals in the laboratory Correct methods for storing handling and dispos ing of surplus waste and deteriorated chemical substances Appropriate safe use of heat sources in the labora tory First aid procedures Prompt notification to appropriate individuals or agencies of any dangerous or potentially dangerous conditions Appropriate safe and humane treatment of ani mals Prohibition of the use or presence of any venomous animals poisonous plants or plant pests Proper fire prevention and control techniques Correct methods for cleanup after experiments Proper behavior and courtesy in a laboratory situation e Earthquake safe behavior and evacuation routes Parents should be aware of the kinds of science laboratory activities that will be conducted and be encouraged to sign consent forms for their children s participation The consent forms see examples included in appendixes F J and P do not constitute a legal release from joint
14. that should be disposed of immediately See step 6 for instructions for disposal of ex tremely hazardous waste chemicals See relevant legal citations in Appendix B c Assess which chemicals are not used and should be disposed of d Provide a cursory check of whether the chemicals have deteriorated and are no longer usable Most chemicals are affected very little by age however some oxidize others either collect or lose moisture and still others become more hazardous Loose or rusted caps may provide a basis for a closer look e Relabel items when labels become obscure Identify any chemicals whose labels are missing All hazardous chemical waste must be identified before disposal Although all the preceding purposes are important and must be dealt with it is best to complete the inventory first and then carry out the steps for the collection storage and disposal of waste Finish by reshelving the chemicals in compatible groups 2 Preparation for the inventory Follow the precau tions described below a Use at least two persons no students for safety purposes to perform the inventory E Steps for Establishing a Safer Chemicals Storage Area 35 b Allow sufficient uninterrupted time to complete the task c Be sure a telephone or other reliable means of communication is available d Wear proper protection including goggles apron and gloves for the task e Have safety items e g fire extingu
15. 5 provisions for employee information and training 6 provisions for medical consultations and examinations and 7 recordkeeping Related requirements are included in Education Code Section 49340 et seq and the California Code of Regulations Title 8 Section 5194 see Appendix B However a school in full compliance with Section 5191 which is outlined above will also be in compli ance with these code sections if a safe and practical chemicals storage plan is implemented such as the plan suggested in section E of this chapter Chemistry teachers should be familiar with the safety practices described in this chapter and with all other sections of this handbook pertinent to their instructional program Special attention is directed to Chapter 3 General Laboratory Safety Precautions Appendix H Safety Checklist for Science Instruction Preparation and Storage Areas and Appendix L y EVERAL RECENT LEGISLATIVE ACTS ADDRESS THE Science Laboratory Safety Liability Checklist Additional useful information can be found in the California Department of Education publication titled Science Facilities Design for California Public Schools especially pages 23 27 and 42 46 Chapter VIII and appendixes B and C A Laboratory Practices 1 Care must be taken to give proper instructions and to caution students on the use of polyethylene squeeze bottles and the risk of dropping bottles especially if the bottles contain flamm
16. Attach a list of contents to each box Call the appropriate school district office or waste disposal agency to pick up the materials identify the exact location of the items to be picked up Dispose of diethyl ether older than one year and ethers in containers that are partially used follow the proce dure outlined in Chapter 5 section I Any ether may form peroxides as described in the section just cited Only recently received unopened containers of ethers that were dated on receipt and can be verified as less than one year old by the time of their use in fall laboratory activities may be retained and should be locked in the school district s standard flammable liquids cabinet during the summer break Refer to the safety checklist in Appendix H items 15 34 and 35 Recommendation Order only those supplies of ether necessary for the current school year 154 Be certain all gas cylinders in high school laboratories are capped and properly secured for the summer Clean out defrost and leave unplugged all refrigera tors during the summer break Block the doors open to allow air circulation and prevent growth of mildew This recommendation is for both safety and energy conservation Arrange for shutoff of any water heaters in the science department Unplug all electrical items such as isolated wall clocks timers personal table clocks radios hotplates aquarium pumps computers terminals microscope
17. B 3 Post exposure Evaluation and Follow up Following a report of an exposure incident the em ployer shall make immediately available to the exposed employee a confidential medical evaluation and follow up including at least the following elements A Documentation of the route s of exposure and the circumstances under which the exposure incident occurred B Identification and documentation of the source individual unless the employer can establish that identifica tion is infeasible or prohibited by state or local law 1 The source individual s blood shall be tested as soon as feasible and after consent is obtained in order to deter mine HBV and HIV infectivity If consent is not obtained the employer shall establish that legally required consent cannot be obtained When the source individual s consent is not required by law the source individual s blood if available shall be tested and the results documented 2 When the source individual is already known to be infected with HBV or HIV testing for the source individual s known HBV or HIV status need not be re peated 3 Results of the source individual s testing shall be made available to the exposed employee and the employee shall be informed of applicable laws and regulations concerning disclosure of the identity and infectious status of the source individual C Collection and testing of blood for HBV and HIV serological status 1 The exposed employ
18. FAX 415 821 8513 142 APPENDIX F SAMPLE SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR SCIENCE STUDENTS While working in the science laboratory you will have certain important responsibilities that do not apply to other classrooms You will be working with materials and apparatus which if handled carelessly or improperly have the potential to cause injury or discomfort to someone else as well as yourself A science laboratory can be a safe place in which to work if you the student are foresighted alert and cautious The following practices will be followed 1 10 11 12 Report any accident to the teacher immediately no matter how minor including reporting any burn scratch cut or corrosive liquid on skin or clothing Prepare for each laboratory activity by reading all instructions before coming to class Follow all direc tions implicitly and intelligently Make note of any modification in procedure given by the instructor Any science project or individually planned experiment must be approved by the teacher Use only those materials and equipment authorized by the instructor Inform the teacher immediately of any equipment not working properly Clean up any nonhazardous spill on the floor or work space immediately Wear appropriate eye protection as directed by the instructor whenever you are working in the laboratory Safety goggles must be worn during hazardous activities involvin
19. MAREA zo E E Tm MED A Mh ramp S ree ES Dee Hh alt am ur LH a mL eJ opt Lora iler Pap buds aun x ld amr o ane Tmziaapur horda Pres hy pe Par wale pla zhonitr mu oe ne ura T adum oe DEL uL Ll dan eem C sum M qz LM Vt fenn a mn rs Ie LS 1 Ta rj ip rar E wagers errar Ma phem PE Er Farar Ar roh iier sh eel Aa adr ir a anum ATA rr lan l 1 swe fan TA i A TA AT we Appendix B 135 Health and Safety Code Humane Care of Animals 1650 The public health and welfare depend on the humane use of animals for scientific advancement in the diagnosis and treatment of human and animal diseases for education for research in the advancement of veterinary dental medical and biologic sciences for research in animal and human nutrition and improvement and standardization of laboratory procedures of biologic products pharmaceuticals and drugs 1651 The State Department of Health Services shall adminis ter the provisions of this chapter Every provision of this chapter shall be liberally construed to protect the interests of all persons and animals affected As used in this chapter person includes laboratory firm association corporation copartnership and educa tional institution As used in this chapter board or department means the State Department of Health Services 1660 The department shall m
20. contaminated clothing before reuse Use in a chemical fume hood Toxic fumes under fire conditions See page 25 least 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and copious amounts of water Remove contaminated clothing shoes immediately Internal If inhaled remove to fresh air Maintain respiration if breathing difficult give oxygen Keep person warm and at rest Seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Ethyl Acetate WARNING Flammable Fire hazard and explosion External Remove victim Keep away from heat and risk to fresh air Irrigate eyes open flame Keep Irritating to skin and eyes with water Wash skin with container closed soap and water Use with adequate Internal Maintain ventilation Avoid respiration Seek prolonged breathing of immediate medical vapor Avoid prolonged or attention repeated contact with skin 7 1 2 FLAMMABLE LIQUID 3 Ethyl Alcohol Flammable liquid Poison Vapor toxic External Wash affected Fire hazard parts with copious Denatured alcohol may quantities of water cause blindness or death Internal Wash mou
21. diarrhea shock Wash skin with soap and and death water Inhalation is toxic Skin Internal Maintain irritant respiration Seek immediate medical 5 1 3 Not regulated attention DANGER POISON Corrosive Causes severe burns Vapor hazardous Do not get in eyes on skin or on clothing Do not breathe vapor Wear goggles neoprene rubber gloves and rubber protective clothing when handling In case of contact immediately remove all contaminated clothing including shoes and flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes Flush eyes for at least 30 minutes Get medical attention in all cases Wash clothing before reuse If inhaled remove patient to fresh air keep warm and quiet until physician arrives Bromine ampule 8 ampule or 2 1 3 CORROSIVE 8 POISON 6 1 Best stored as an ampule Poisonous Liquid causes severe skin burns Exposure to high vapor concentrations could be deadly Very strong oxidizer reacts violently with many organic compounds very hazardous even in small ampule Dispose of as extremely hazardous waste External Ventilate area Sodium thiosulfate solution can be used as a neutralizer Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Butyl Alcohols n Butyl CAUTION Flammable liquid Keep away from heat and open flame Avoid prolonged breathing of va
22. flame producing equipment Heating liquids in test tubes beakers and crucibles Handling reagent bottles Using polyethylene squeeze bottles Obtaining and handling dry chemicals Filtering Cutting bending and fire polishing glass tubing and rods Using other laboratory materials as appropri ate for example pipettes When an electrical plug is to be removed from its socket the plug not the electrical cord should be pulled Laboratories should always be locked when not in use The custodial staff should be alerted to general hazards they may encounter in science areas and to special situations that arise Teachers should set an example for the students for example wear goggles when students are required to do so Follow all safety regulations and constantly be alert and remind students of hazards Students not adhering to your rules should not be allowed to participate until you are assured there will be no further infractions Periodic use should be made of the Safety Checklist for Science Instruction Preparation and Storage Areas to check classroom and prepara tion areas see Appendix H Safety and energy savings procedures should be carried out at the end of each school year see Appendix I SAFETY IN THE BIOLOGY LABORATORY Human Blood Sampling 21 Epithelial Tissue Study 23 Use of Microscopes and Hand Lenses 23 Experiments with Bacteria and Fungi 23 Special Concerns in the Study
23. hydroxide Dispose of as extremely hazardous waste Skin Remove sodium and flush affected area with water Eyes Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for 15 minutes Get medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Sodium Nitrate O Nonfire Fire Oxidizer 2 1 3 0XIDIZER 5 1 Can be explosive if heated to 1000 F 537 C can be detonated by shock or friction Toxic by ingestion Internal Induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention Sodium Peroxide WARNING Strong oxidant Causes severe burns to skin and eyes Wear goggles or face shield when handling Avoid spillage gt Avoid any contact with skin XD or clothing C Sweep up spilled material with dry sand and flood with water in the open Keep container tightly closed at all times Store in a cool dry location away from acids or combustible materials Dissolve carefully always add the sodium peroxide to the liquid Avoid contact with any combustible matter In case of fire smother with dry sand Use a dry powder fire extinguisher for class D fir
24. in Section 66263 18 of this chapter when applied to handling and storage at transfer facilities Note Authority cited Sections 208 25143 25150 and 25161 Health and Safety Code Reference Sections 25117 9 25143 25160 25168 25169 and 25169 1 Health and Safety Code Ordering Information for manifests Note Manifests are not necessary when 1 a noncommercial waste producer transports small quantities of waste Health and Safety Code Section 25163 c and 2 the waste is disposed of by milkrun in which case the trans porter provides the manifest California Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 66263 42 When necessary order a packet of Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifests from Department of General Services Publications P O Box 1015 North Highlands CA 95660 Send a check in the amount of 15 and include a street address for United Parcel Service UPS delivery Si bl Coda F rel Beets A gary 7 Term hapiri Dell ca MEO pajar HA Fer Imuirachone on back af poga d Cepeda al Tux Ela oia See pere coe Fun a Ed orar Sobre T Uta R z Cerera 15 FEAR En x Pm mawn a Pup durer RN WASTE KLAKUIFEAT E Uer mem md Mna Adera Comarca CE Flesh I a b Camper Hera eG EPs D Haba Pe ne Piera F LEER W reek CALL THE 252 T 5D E Page Fach Hora nnd Se Addu 7 LE A01 nur reido Prop pph Hor Hiri Cin ad A Hester 35103137 la AEREA THES RAT hr decore Bead a conser oo eg corel ee Salir cn ett eed ice
25. less waste is produced 3 exposure to hazardous chemicals is reduced 4 reduction in the volume of reagents for ecological and safety reasons can be modeled to students and 5 the results of the experiment can often be deter mined more quickly The transformation of a laboratory from macroscale to microscale is easily accomplished Some new materials must be purchased but these are relatively inexpensive One cost effective way of converting is to purchase reuseable plastic or polysty rene tissue culture plates and plastic pipettes Because water is the solvent used most often in high school experiments the chemical stability of the plastic is not usually a problem If plastic is unsuitable for organic chemistry microscale glassware can be substituted although it is slightly more expensive Nearly all chemical suppliers now carry the equipment necessary for microscale experiments Several publications are available on experiments using microscale chemistry Most focus on organic chemistry because minimization efforts are most cost effective with those kinds of chemicals Some refer ence books on the chemistry laboratory are as follows Mayo D W R Pike and S S Butcher Microscale Organic Laboratory Second edition New York John Wiley and Sons 1989 Microscale Experiments for the High School Chemistry Class Public domain experiments developed under an NSF and Dreyfus sponsored program Available from Woodrow Wi
26. logic Health Branch 714 P Street Sacramento CA 95814 Applications for specific licenses must be signed by an appropriate school district staff member who has the responsibility for ensuring that the radioactive material is used and stored safely The direct responsibility for safe use and storage rests with an appropriately trained radiation safety officer at the site of use Both persons must be designated on the license application 96 Chapter 7 Additional Safety Practices Strict compliance with the conditions attached to specific licenses is required for approval of the licenses An amendment request must be submitted for any change in the personnel using radioactive materials the radiation safety officer or the site of use A copy of the license must be maintained in the school district staff offices as well as at the site of use All persons at the site of use must be aware that they have access to the license and its condi tions as well as to laws and regulations set forth in the California Penal Code and the Health and Safety Code Procurement and storage of radioisotopes Before the first procurement of radioactive materials the school should make certain that a radiation survey meter is available The recommended type of radiation detection instrument is an end window Geiger Mueller G M detector with a detection window of approxi mately 2 mg cm When used properly this instrument will detect alpha beta and gamm
27. seek immediate medical attention Wash skin with soap and water Internal Maintain T AKM 2 in airtight respiration Seek conditions immediate medical DANGEROUS WHEN attention WET Calcium Nitrate Oxidizer Strong oxidizer potential Internal Induce vomiting 2 1 1 OXIDIZER 5 1 fire risk with organic material May explode if shocked or heated and seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Calcium Oxide lime Corrosive Strongly caustic External Irrigate eyes with Keep dry Dangerous when in contact water Wash skin with SY 10 1 polyethylene keep dry 1 CORROSIVE 8 with organic materials May cause severe irritation of skin and mucous membrane Exposure to water or moisture evolves heat Wear eye protection soap and water Internal Seek immediate medical attention Camphor Flammable solid Poisonous on ingestion If heated flammable and explosive vapors evolve Internal Induce vomiting Seek immediate medical attention 7 1 3 FLAMMABLE Moderately toxic SOLID 4 1 Absorbed through skin ACobalt Met
28. wash the affected area immediately with plenty of running water If the eye is involved irrigate it at the eyewash station without interruption for 15 minutes Report the incident to your instructor immediately 36 Never carry hot equipment or dangerous chemicals through a group of students 37 Use a mechanical pipette filler never the mouth when measuring or transferring small quantities of liquid with a pipette 38 Never taste anything or touch chemicals with the hands unless specifically instructed to do so Plants and Animals 39 Rinse dissection specimens occasionally or whenever fumes or chemicals are released in the dissection process 40 Never handle animals in the laboratory unless directed to do so by the instructor 4 Never insert your fingers or objects through the wire mesh of animal cages to pet or tease the animals 42 Notify the instructor at once if an animal bites you 43 Never bring animals or poisonous plants to school Bacteria and Fungi 44 Never open petri dishes containing bacterial or fungal growth unless directed to do so by the instructor 45 Dispose of all discarded bacterial and fungal cultures by sterilization as directed by the instructor Cleanup and Disposal 46 Be sure all glassware is clean before use Clean glassware thoroughly after use Residue may cause errors in new experiments or cause a violent reaction or explosion 47 Keep work areas clean Floors and aisles should
29. whether student teacher or administrator wants the increased risk of having too many students in a science labora tory class But overcrowding still occurs It is a difficult risk benefit decision for school administrators to set limits on laboratory class size However if a large number of students must be placed in an inad equately designed facility there are ways to provide supervisory assistance for the teacher An obvious alternative is to add an advanced high school student a college student or a retired science specialist as an aide monitor during the potentially hazardous Science Framework p 178 laboratory period or other teachers may be willing to help supervise the laboratory Another alternative is to schedule additional laboratory sections to reduce the class size Teachers should express their safety con cerns in writing to their department chairperson and school site administrator Under no circumstances should laboratory instruction proceed when the number of participating students exceeds the design capacity of the laboratory Students Safety Experience In determining laboratory class size the teacher department head and principal should assess the students backgrounds in relation to safety Some groups of students come to the science laboratory with safety training these groups include students from previous science laboratory classes and from many vocational education courses Students who hav
30. 1 2 CORROSIVE 8 OXIDIZER Oxalic Acid WARNING Harmful if Dangerous when inhaled External Irrigate eyes with swallowed Causes skin swallowed or absorbed water Wash skin with irritation through skin contact soap and water Seek Avoid breathing dust immediate medical Avoid contact with skin and attention eyes Internal Maintain lt gt gt Do not take internally respiration Seek a C Keep away from feed or food immediate medical O O products attention In case of contact Nonfire Fire immediately flush skin or eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes for eyes get medical attention 10 1 3 POISON 6 1 Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees 64 TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Oxygen Gas Store away from any source Supports combustion of heat or flame Nonflammable gas 2 Oxidizer 9a cylinder 3 NONFLAMMABLE GAS Liquid 2 2 OXIDIZER Paraffin Wax Flammable Toxic Internal For inhalation of fumes remove to fresh 10 original container 3 air Maintain respiration Not regulated Seek medical attention Pentane Flammable liquid Flammable Toxic External Ventilate area 7 1
31. 25503 5 businesses which have less than 500 pounds or less than a total of 55 gallons or 200 cubic feet at standard temperature and pressure for com pressed gas of a hazardous material may be exempt from establishing and implementing an emergency response plan Note A handbook entitled Guide to Hazardous Substances Reporting Requirements was devel oped in 1991 by the California Environmental Protection Agency Cal EPA and the Chemical Emergency Planning and Response Commission to help organizations comply with this legislation Copies are available for 30 each from Cal EPA Environmental Information 555 Capitol Mall Suite 3525 Sacramento CA 95814 Make checks payable to Environmental Informa tion First AID General Information 9 Bites by Snakes Spiders Insects and Mammals 9 Burns 11 Eye Injuries 12 Exposure to Poisons 13 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR 14 Shock 15 Am MON w gt Note Procedures discussed in this handbook involve potential dangers to persons animals and other living things and therefore should be performed only by persons who are technically trained and qualified dry ISHA 7 2 First AID NDER NORMAL CIRCUMSTANCES THE SCHOOL nurse will direct the activities necessary for treatments of illness injury or other health problems of students However at times the nurse may not be available for first aid on the school premises because his or her other responsibil
32. 27 65 28 66 29 67 30 68 3 69 32 70 33 71 34 72 35 73 36 74 37 75 38 76 150 Appendix G Complete Answer Sheet for Science Laboratory Safety Test Name Period Test No Score Directions Read each statement in your safety test Under each question you will find four answers Choose the one correct answer and fill in the box that represents the answer Example Read question 1 The correct answer is b at once Note that the b box beside number 1 see example below is darkened Continue marking all the answers in this manner a b c d 39 E 77 1 a 40 78 2 ii 41 79 3 a 42 80 4 a 43 81 5 a 44 82 6 45 83 7 a 46 84 8 a 47 85 9 a 48 86 10 B 49 87 11 a 50 88 12 a 51 89 13 E 52 90 14 a 53 91 15 Bl 54 92 16 a 55 93 17 a 56 94 18 a 57 95 19 M 58 96 20 a 59 97 21 ai 60 98 22 E 61 99 23 a 62 100 24 E 63 25 a 64 26 M 65 27 a 66 28 M 67 29 a 68 30 a 69 31 a 7
33. 3 OXIDIZER 5 1 Strong oxidizer External Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention AAniline DANGER Hazardous liquid and vapor Rapidly absorbed through skin Do not get in eyes on skin or on clothing Use only with adequate ventilation Dispose of immediately See Table 2 Dispose of 1 1 POISON 6 1 Suspected teratogen Dangerous when inhaled swallowed or absorbed through skin contact Flammable May give off explosive vapors when heated External Wash off skin promptly Flush eyes with water for 20 minutes In case of spill promptly discard materials used to wipe up spills Internal Seek immediate medical attention Antimony DANGER Causes severe burns Vapor hazardous Do not get in eyes on skin or on clothing Do not breathe dust mist fumes or vapor Keep container closed In case of contact immedi ately remove all contami nated clothing and flush skin or eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 min utes for eyes get medical attention Wash clothing before reuse 1 1 3 KEEP AWAY FROM FOOD Highly toxic a poison if swallowed inhaled or absorbed through the skin Dust is eye irritant Animal lung carcinogen Incompatible with aluminum and acidic reducing agents External Wash eyes with water Wash skin wi
34. 500 lbs or a total volume of 55 gallons or 200 cubic feet at standard temperature and pressure for compressed gas shall establish and implement a business plan for emergency response to a release or threatened release of a hazardous material 25504 Business plans shall include a chemical inventory as required by Section 25509 emergency response plans in the event of a reportable release or threatened release of hazardous material and training for all new employees and annual training regarding release or threatened release of hazardous materials 25505 Each handler shall submit its business plan to the administering agency 25507 Handlers shall immediately report any release or threatened release to the administering agency and provide fire health safety and or rescue personnel access to the facilities 25509 a The annual inventory form shall include but shall not be limited to information on all of the following which are handled in quantities equal to or greater than the quantities specified in Section 25503 5 1 A listing of the chemical name and common names of every hazardous substance or chemical product handled by the business 2 The category of waste including the general chemical and mineral composition of the waste listed by probable maximum and minimum concentrations of every hazardous waste handled by the business 3 A listing of the chemical name and common names of every other hazar
35. 7h Leraar 1 Larriba reja nemor gra dd ima fua yt Er la anni aas nnd sendas rada a rub mei cm ta ee ot a a manda imd RAfT Co dte E E A aH al ri Cabiqaer y Fommraluri dl pap 1 spd A o v T add xh uam cof n o Ta T7200 x ot wewa s La ArI ap an ot ap h ok od M wee apy ay bee dhl TI PE E opel nin Hann lord Sues Lepage 27 3 eee ipl oun whe at abe eee TU lanam aro im kira ipe m ma sawed baua arer A d ae her a ee sg Tiam A f qre hie 7 IH pee wah Ibaeta Ep lr pe ae era m r Taco om re hee x m ar mpm ro m J pana i aiaa ed n E wo ar A ge Se ee legam cmo ER T Lens pra cu rare apel eho AA pr miram ca bre TE an sala r Almila mml n cas Aneri i rr our ea map e pir rr Mei em gyr vag vk ot Mei hl om Irl ed ro e MP mpm a d arer A ENT Po oso maru a ow 15 FPA US abe ded dere aran al rA ub Of Depar ee ee ey rr a Tre rh oret ares aah otk ner a h c h Sa tere ccr prhini 2p Bee Deere bee 497 wre ear M DOR We eh eed eee en Pat OS eet k rara aras or eee l r arre Mae TET ea or Lana pede ie ap ta eee ya R rra T TIT Tam npn ca rin 4300 es lr rm oo oe pa x Mpeg bua a m d oor PL ata a gain et E ETET ELE m os tep mn Lo sewu eH Or ABk Gongd TOrauu 1 Janr dinal d dm rr A ka E M EA SI M Peace a e st AAA a7
36. All parts especially seeds and pods Berries foliage All parts All parts All parts All parts especially unripe berry All parts Fatal a single rosary pea has caused death not grown in California but used in seed ornaments Mild to severe digestive upset many children are poisoned by this plant Wisteria floribunda Fatal foliage more toxic than berries death is usually sudden without warning symptoms Irritant juices may severely injure the digestive system Abnormal thirst distorted sight delirium incoherence and coma common cause of poisoning has proved fatal Thirst dizziness headache vomiting slow heart action low blood pressure convulsions Fatal intensive digestive disturbances and nervous symptoms Fatal resembles a large wild carrot used in ancient Greece to kill condemned prisoners Conium maculatum Included in Poisonous Plants of California by Thomas C Fuller and Elizabeth McClintock 92 TABLE 5 Continued Toxic Part Effects of Ingestion Plants in fields Pokeweed All parts Thirst coughing vomiting diarrhea severe dehydration Phytolacca americana shock rarely fatal Tree tobacco All parts Fatal nausea Nicotiana glauca vomiting diarrhea respiratory paralysis Nicotiana glauca Plants in swamp or moist areas Western water hemlock All parts Fatal violent and painful convulsions a number of people central and northern California Cicuta
37. Carcinogens regulations F Section 5217 shall apply to anatomy histology and pathology laboratories b Definitions Action level A concentration designated in Title 8 California Code of Regulations for a specific substance calculated as an eight 8 hour time weighted average which initiates certain required activities such as exposure monitoring and medical surveillance Chemical Hygiene Officer An employee who is designated by the employer and who is qualified by training or experience to provide technical guidance in the develop ment and implementation of the provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan Chemical Hygiene Plan A written program developed and implemented by the employer which sets forth proce dures equipment personal protective equipment and work practices that 1 Are capable of protecting employees from the health hazards presented by hazardous chemicals used in that particular work place and 2 Meet the requirements of subsection 5191 e Designated area An area which may be used for work with select carcinogens reproductive toxins or substances which have a high degree of acute toxicity A designated area may be the entire laboratory an area of a laboratory or a device such as a laboratory hood Laboratory use of hazardous chemicals Handling or use of such chemicals in which all of the following condi tions are met 1 Chemical manipulations are carried out o
38. Education 49340 This article shall be known and may be cited as the California Hazardous Materials Education Act of 1982 Section 3 of Stats 1982 c 785 p 3046 provides This act shall not be construed to impose any change in the duty of care required of school districts 49341 The Legislature hereby finds and declares as follows a Because school science laboratories pose a poten tially serious threat to the health and safety of school pupils and school personnel due to the use and storage of hazard ous materials in these laboratories educational efforts are needed to increase the awareness of persons dealing with these materials in these settings so that possible losses of life injuries loss of property and social disruption which could result from the improper and unsafe use of hazardous materials will be minimized b Effective safety in school laboratories requires informed judgment decision making and operating procedures by those responsible for laboratory and related instruction It is desirable that each high school and junior high middle or elementary school offering laboratory work have a trained member of the professional staff who is designated as the building laboratory consultant and who is responsible for the review updating and carrying out of the school s adopted procedures for laboratory safety empha sis added c Efforts by state and local agencies to implement training programs desig
39. Formaldehyde Formic Acid Hexane Hydrazine anhydrous Hydrochloric Acid Hydrofluoric Acid Hydrogen Peroxide 3596 Iodine Isobutyl Alcohol Isopropyl Alcohol Kerosene Lead powder Lead Acetate Lead Arsenate Lead Carbonate Lead Chloride Lead Nitrate Lead Oxide Lead Peroxide dioxide Lead Sulfate Lead Sulfide Lithium Nitrate Magnesium Chloride Magnesium Metal powder ribbon Magnesium Nitrate Magnesium Oxide Manganese Dioxide Manganous Sulfate Mercurous Mercuric Nitrate Mercury metal Mercury compounds Methanol Methyl Ethyl Ketone Methyl Cellulose Methylchloromethyl Ether 4 4 Methylene bis 2 chloroanaline Methylene Chloride Alpha Naphthylamine Beta Naphthylamine Nickel compounds Nickel powder 4 Nitrobiphenyl Nicotine Nitric Acid Nitrogen Triiodide Oxalic Acid Pentane Perchloric Acid Phenol carbolic acid Phosphorous red Phosphorous yellow white Picric Acid Potassium Bromide Potassium Chlorate Potassium Hydroxide Potassium Iodide Potassium metal Potassium Nitrate Potassium Permanganate Resorcinol Beta Propiolactone Sodium Arsenate Sodium Arsenite Sodium Azide Sodium Chlorate Sodium Chromate Sodium Hypochlorite Sodium metal Sodium Nitrate Sodium Peroxide Sodium Thiosulfate Styrene Sulfur Sulfuric Acid Toluene Turpentine Vinyl Chloride Xylene Zinc metal powder Zinc Nitrate APP
40. However all substitutes must be carefully researched to ensure that they are truly less hazardous Two substances propidium diiodide and acridine orange have been suggested as replacements for ethidium bromide but have also been found to be mutagens therefore they are likely to be just as dangerous Bromophenol blue and methylene blue are less hazardous substitutes to consider for use in staining But because stains are specific to particular molecules these substances may not be adequate to stain all types of samples J Risks in Use of Formaldehyde Because of growing evidence on the carcinogenic ity of formaldehyde schools are urged to cease their use of formaldehyde and formalin 3 percent to 10 percent solutions of formaldehyde and to arrange for the immediate proper removal and disposal of all formaldehyde cylinders and formalin solutions The National Toxicology Program NTP has rated formal dehyde as an anticipated carcinogen which means that there is either limited evidence of its carcinogenicity in humans or sufficient evidence of its carcinogenic ity in experimental animals In addition the IARC has categorized formaldehyde in group 2A which means that this agent is probably carcinogenic to humans because there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals In a list entitled Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive T
41. Ingested Poisons 1 Call the poison control center nearest you see Appendix E give the staff the necessary informa tion and follow the staff s instructions 2 Be prepared to administer syrup of ipecac to induce vomiting if required However the ipecac should not be administered unless instructions are provided by the poison control center or a physi cian Never induce vomiting in a stuporous or unconscious person 3 Take the victim to a doctor or medical facility for further evaluation and treatment if instructed to do so Take with you the package or container of the ingested poison with the intact label s as well as any vomited material Avoid self contamination 4 Note If there is any delay in the above proce dures the patient may be allowed to rinse out his or her mouth with water A small quantity of water 2 to 4 ounces 60 to 120 ml may be swallowed to relieve any localized irritation in the throat or esophagus It is no longer considered appropriate to give 8 to 16 ounces 240 to 480 ml to dilute the poison in the stomach unless a stomach tube is in place and suction aspiration is proceeding Dilution of the poison will sweep the poison out of the stomach through the pylorus and beyond the reach of the emergency room gastric pump 5 Notify the parents or guardians and arrange for them to meet the child at the hospital Poison Chemicals on Skin 1 Remove any clothing with chemicals or poison on it an
42. Laboratory Practices e ei 29 B Students Safety Precautions eissis irit oreren erronei aeeoe E EERE E a EREA EEE ERE 30 C Teachers General Safety Precautions eese eren 30 D Chemical Health Hazards 1i ette Ee epe Se epe oh 31 E Steps for Establishing a Safer Chemicals Storage Area eese 32 F Labeling of Chemical Reagent seac nirien nennen 42 G Potentially Hazardous Chemicals eese 43 H Substances Containing Asbestos esssssssessseeeeeee eene ener ens 74 I Use and Disposaliof Ethers umi ada aida 74 J Standards in the Use of Lead ea eat idan deine acai elias 74 K Handling and Cleanup of Mercury eese eren nenne 75 6 Safety in the Physics Laboratory 0 0 0 ceccecssecesseceeeeecseeeesaeceesceceaceceeeeeceeeeeaaecseaaeseaeeceeeeeeaees TI A General Safety Practices uu ANE e Reh ks TI B Electrical Devices and Connectors esee eene 78 C Model Rocket Launchings on School Sites oooonocnnconococonoconnnonononnnanonnocononnncnnncnnn crac 78 D Use and Hazards of basets un pce ehe eder e oes eode 79 7 Additional Safety Practices cde ee ede edicere Rd tee steel dne ee ese dodi 83 A Fire Prevention and Control dec eiim Aaa is 83 B Use of Animals in the Classroom eese enint 84 CS Bye Satety 2s coe eb e dote tete aded nde cM te ies e eos 85 D Eyewashl Statlonm iere in
43. Mi nas ar he vad igini thy rer er nae riese A wae UM Mr etn avd s ri 5i Madres oa Lo mo hr o hdr yrun rat Meum Je E Tn oa wena rrir shes d Tar Aag gp n oam A OM Re no rs Ea p ap he ooy AN pn get Fo al tee MR Mn Tm mmm Dn Par 1hr irre airar r a 1 18 r me gh e err EQ u soe eae ayet aye A lage ep VU Sp gni ES harps soit Malur TS sand ee m Ra aim ap 134 ae A imm bpr n CaDADGT a SC Sae DS ns ACT d BB quc wa dract rcs tartara mu nmm PAAA A ee ha mam gne 4144 ira rem TT A ha arua Sees a A o b do Gas Oph A ees mb 1 b perl ara ge ar cai F hosts dae LE poh com ur dag e mo fum A pe ee A A AT pod TA ral MATE ran e A A A Se Pal E rta ee LoL by d 27 ee GOT ra 44 Ex mee MR pep edi 2UB SH ime cA ere in Fede at E A Gier ma r erer og ey A n mh hr pra maL eg a A 2 nitr Mama nu Fgou gne uml mcm uj mm b anni Cade carlo ibo am Cam dmh 1 sit rmm moo lass H ner A ne tet cmm Fa AS Larl A nb due ey ge eee ee acm Doa EL ITI cul e om a na worm and ae d 1 Gc ga Co nape h Heyr oU e a h s k2d Me i arpan marr c Fa A A 1s pi quiz a Korm dim V Modum mius rm qu H BRA cartone nna cnra care d a u rrm 172520 ed day anceps beets eee eee isi Pr HH TO Tap mgp pas ede Sp ATE er ra obi U Pr ej
44. Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory ventilation is sufficient before cleaning up Placing plastic bags over your shoes may be advisable to avoid extending the mercury con tamination beyond its original area Use index cards to push drops of mercury together into pools Droplets may scatter a considerable distance and adhere to vertical surfaces as well Use a medicine dropper with a fine point to pick up the mercury and place it in a plastic bottle Continue gathering and confining the mercury until all visible droplets have been found Use zinc metal powder or commercially available mercury sponges to continue to clean up tiny and hidden droplets Caution Keep zinc metal powder dry because it is spontaneously combus tible when wet and may even explode if confined See zinc entry in Table 3 Zinc metal reacts with mercury to form a safe amalgam which is easier to collect and dispose of than the mercury itself Mercury indicators detectors and mercury cleanup Kits which would be effective for small or modest spills are available at relatively low cost through chemical and safety supply companies Special attention should be given to larger spills possibly including the rental of a mercury vacuum cleaner SAFETY IN THE PHYSICS LABORATORY General Safety Practices 77 Electrical Devices and Connectors 78 Model Rocket Launchings on School Sites 78 J awp Use and Hazards of Lasers 79 Note Procedures discu
45. Students should be trained to handle rats mice guinea pigs and other animals gently and not to excite the animals for example poking pencils at animals encourages biting behaviors Hamsters are not recommended for classroom use because they are nocturnal and are more likely to bite during daylight hours 5 Poisonous animals should not be brought to or kept at school N Insect Killing Jars Students need to be familiar with the best ways in which to collect and preserve insects for science projects or for study in the classroom A safe killing jar can be made by using any clean large jar with a screw type lid mayonnaise jars are acceptable Place a facial tissue in the bottom of the jar to absorb the killing liquid Several liquids can be used to provide the lethal fumes including ethyl acetate or ethyl alcohol Under no conditions should carbon tetrachlo ride or potassium cyanide be used in insect killing jars Add the killing liquid to the tissue in the bottom of the jar about six drops are generally satisfactory Place a clean tissue on top of the tissue containing the liquid to keep the insects dry The jar must be labeled properly and include the following information DANGER FLAMMABLE POISONOUS FUMES DO NOT BREATHE To recharge the jar with lethal fumes simply remove the top tissue and add a few more drops of the 28 Chapter 4 Safety in the Biology Laboratory killing liquid Add a clean tissue and the jar
46. Title 8 General Industry Safety Orders Section 5191 Include evacuation plans hazardous materials spill procedures and so forth Enter your important local tele phone numbers here Important Telephone Numbers Standard Emergency Number 911 Ambulance Source Animal Control Pound California Division of Industrial Relations Safety Concerns City County Health Department District County Science Specialist Name District Safety Officer Name Fire Department Hospital Name Regional Poison Center see Appendix E Police Sheriff School Health Service Toxic Substances Control Office Contact for Chemical Disposal Other INTRODUCTION Responsibilities of Students and Parents 2 Reasonable Laboratory Class Size 2 Teacher s Liability 4 J awp State and Federal Legislation Affecting Science Instruction 5 Note Procedures discussed in this handbook involve potential dangers to persons animals and other living things and therefore should be performed only by persons who are technically trained and qualified NOILIMGOYLNT T 1 INTRODUCTION ABORATORY ACTIVITIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS represent an essential part of effective science teaching Written materials and pictures can convey an enormous amount of information but students more fully understand the concepts related to science when they participate in or
47. Toxicity Districts are advised to TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid A Nickel Powder Keep away from skin eyes Known carcinogen External Flush with water and mucous membranes Toxic as dust or fumes Irrigate eyes with water lt a gt Keep away from acids and Flammable as dust or for 15 minutes Seek oxidizing agents fumes medical attention See Table 2 Internal Wash mouth Dispose of 1 3 Not regulated Seek medical attention A Nicotine POISON Toxic in contact with skin External lIrrigate eyes with If swallowed can be fatal water Wash skin with Teratogen soap and water Seek Handle only in salt form immediate medical when extracting from attention tobacco Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical 8 1 1 POISON 6 1 attention Nitric Acid DANGER Causes severe Severe skin burns External Flush with water burns Do not breathe vapor Tissue damage if for 15 minutes Vapor extremely hazardous swallowed Dental Internal Maintain may cause nitrous gas erosion nasal and lung respiration Seek poisoning irritant immediate medical Avoid contact with skin eyes attention plenty of water for at least 15 minutes for eyes get medical attention Spillage may cause fire or liberate dangerous gas Dilute lt 50 corrosive Concentrated gt 50 corro sive oxidizer and clothing In case of contact immedi m gt ately flush skin or eyes with 6
48. a Your hands must be dry c Your hands must be clean b Ask the custodian d Ask the nurse Eyeglasses do not provide as much protection as a A face shield c Splash proof goggles b Safety glasses d Any of these a b or c Laboratory aprons when provided are for a The protection of you and your clothes c Others to hang up b Wiping your hands on d When you are wearing your best clothes Cabinet drawers and doors that are left open cause a hazard and should be a Walked around c Left alone b Closed by you d Closed by the teacher only If there is a fire in the laboratory notify the teacher at once then prepare to a Evacuate the building or laboratory c Open the windows b Remove flammable materials d Rapidly clean the laboratory All chemicals should be stored in a Tin cans c Clear glass bottles b Dark brown bottles d Properly labeled containers 148 Appendix G 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 When preparing dilute solutions of an acid carefully pour a The acid into water c Water into the acid b The acid into the container d Both liquids at once If acid gets on your skin or clothes wash at once with a Sulfuric acid c Water b Soap d Oil Small quantities of spilled acids can be made safe with a Gasoline c Water b Alcohol d Sodium bicarbonate solution Small amounts of spilled bases can be neutralized and made safe w
49. and have a commercial hazardous waste transporter dispose of it These storage and disposal processes are likely to be coordinated and enforced by your county department of health services which you should contact for assistance advice and specific procedures Storage of hazardous waste Waste storage prac tices are designed to minimize the seriousness of a hazardous waste accident should one occur Although most science departments do not generate more than 100 kilograms 220 pounds of hazardous waste or 1 kilogram 2 2 pounds of extremely hazardous waste during any calendar month a school campus might collectively generate those amounts considering the waste generated by industrial arts auto shop and other on campus maintenance activities Therefore schools should be aware that there is a 90 day storage limita tion for hazardous waste when a site has accumulated the quantities noted above Health and Safety Code Section 25123 3b and California Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 66262 34 Storage practices must include the following Store hazardous waste in sturdy nonleaking containers storage drums with close fitting lids which must be kept closed when waste is not being added or removed Contact the appropriate school district official or consult the yellow pages of the telephone directory for sources of proper contain ers Handle the waste in containers and in a way that minimizes the possibility of spills an
50. and others Microscale Organic Laboratory with Selected Macroscale Experiments Third edition New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc 1994 The Merck Index An Encyclopedia of Drugs Chemicals and Biologicals Twelfth edition Edited by S Budavari and others Rahway N J Merck 8 Co Inc 1996 An essential reference for all educators who work with chemicals drugs biological stains and so forth Includes information about the chemical abstract name alternate names molecular formula weight percent composition references structure physical data derivatives use therapeutic categories indices Microscale Experiments for the High School Chemistry Class Public domain experiments developed under an NSF and Dreyfus sponsored program Available from Woodrow Wilson Foundation P O Box 642 Princeton NJ 08542 telephone 609 924 4666 Mills J L and M D Hampton Microscale Experiments for General Chemistry Second edition New York McGraw Hill Inc 1991 Model Chemical Hygiene Plan for Kentucky School Districts Lexington Kentucky Science and Technology Council Inc 1991 Motz L L and G M Madrazo Jr Sourcebook for Science Supervisors Fourth edition Arlington Va National Science Teachers Association 1993 Excellent reference for science supervisors encom passes trends for the 1990s science supervision the supervisor s role safety in laboratory settings evalua tion programs and applie
51. appears imminent Reduce the optical power of the laser The optical power used should be reduced to the minimum necessary to accomplish the objective of the experiment or demonstration Neutral density filters or colored plastic can be used effectively to reduce radiated optical power Keep the area well lighted at all times Good lighting tends to keep the pupil of the eye rela tively contracted and reduces the amount of light that might impinge on the retina accidentally when the laser system is in use 12 Provide and use adequate eye protective devices Protecting the eyes with shatter resistant goggles is essential when using some types of laser systems but no one kind of goggle offers protec tion from all wavelengths Make sure that proper goggles are available and used see Chapter 7 section C Eye Safety 13 Shield the pump source Flashlamps or arc lamps are used to transmit energy into the laser material in solid state lasers The high intensity light generated by those lamps should not be viewed directly The broadband white light of the lamps is not completely blocked by laser protection eyewear Enclosure of the lamp in an opaque housing is essential Electrical Safety with Lasers Helium neon lasers employ high voltages similar to those employed inside a small television receiver Capacitors within the power supply retain the poten tially harmful voltage for some time after the input of power has ceased Flash
52. assistance if necessary 3 Do handle the person as little as possible Do not move the person until the evaluation is complete On completion of the emergency handling phase 4 Do check with the victim and with any witnesses about what happened 5 Do make a prompt complete and accurate report of the incident to the department chairperson and the administration 6 Do be concerned with injuries that occurred on the way to and from school as well as those that occur at school Don ts in First Aid 1 Don t give liquids or medicines to an uncon scious person 2 Don t try to arouse an unconscious person 3 Don t cut the skin break blisters and so forth 4 Don t diagnose 5 Don t give medical advice 6 Don t reduce dislocations 7 Don t transport an injured student in a private car 8 Don t send a student home before consulting a parent 9 Don t treat injuries that happened at home Bites by Snakes Spiders Insects and Mammals Rattlesnakes are the most common naturally occurring poisonous snakes in California They are common in canyons mountains deserts and new 10 Chapter 2 First Aid construction areas Few adolescents or adults die from rattlesnake bites although such bites inflicted on small children are considered especially serious Bites by insects seldom result in death but the ensuing pain and discomfort may be minimized by early intervention Dogs often come onto the school gr
53. at least annually and update it as necessary f Employee information and training 1 The employer shall provide employees with information and training to ensure that they are apprised of the hazards of chemicals present in their work area Infor mation and training may relate to an entire class of hazard ous substances to the extent appropriate 2 Such information shall be provided at the time of an employee s initial assignment to a work area where hazard ous chemicals are present and prior to assignments involv ing new exposure situations 3 Information Employees shall be informed of A The contents of this regulation and its appendices which shall be available to employees 118 Appendix B B The location and availability of the employer s Chemical Hygiene Plan C The exposure limits for Cal OSHA regulated substances or recommended exposure limits for other hazardous chemicals where there is no applicable Cal OSHA regulation D Signs and symptoms associated with exposure to hazardous chemicals used in the laboratory and E The location and availability of known reference material on the hazards safe handling storage and disposal of hazardous chemicals found in the laboratory including but not limited to Material Safety Data Sheets received from the chemical supplier 4 Training A Employee training shall include 1 Methods and observations that may be used to detect the pres
54. be kept clear of equipment and materials 48 Clean up any spill on the floor or work space immedi ately 49 Dispose of laboratory waste as instructed by the teacher Use separate designated containers not the wastebasket for the following Matches litmus paper wooden splints tooth picks and so on Broken and waste glass Rags paper towels or other absorbent materials used in the cleanup of flammable solids or liquids e Hazardous toxic liquids and solids 50 Remove all broken glass from the work area or floor as soon as possible Never handle broken glass with bare hands use a counter brush and dustpan 51 Always clean the laboratory area before leaving 52 Students and teacher wash hands with soap and water before leaving the laboratory area Note Persistent or willful violation of the regulations will result in the loss of laboratory privileges and possible dismissal from the class Please see the Student Safety Contract Biological Science on the following page Appendix J 157 Student Safety Contract Biological Science School Teacher Date Student s name The student has received specific instruction regarding the use function and location of the following Aprons gloves Chemical spill kit Eye protective devices goggles face shield safety shield Eyewash fountain drench spray and drench shower Fire extinguisher Fire blanket First aid kit Heat sources burners
55. can hazardous material pressure To the original supplier for refilling OK OK OK OK To a drum reconditioner OK OK To a scrap metal plastic or other OK OK OK OK OK legitimate authorized recycling Remove valve facility stem To a solid waste facility top of OK No OK OK OK container must be removed and No container Spray nozzle Remove valve appointment may be needed for greater than 5 must be in place stem bulk amounts gallons will be accepted at local landfills To a hazardous waste disposal Required if OK Required if spray Required if Required if facility TSDF container is not nozzle is broken hazardous material cylinder is not empty or the can is not is absorbed into empty empty container Recycling options should be considered first Use a solid waste facility landfill only as a last resort Transportation and packaging of the empty containers must be in accordance with applicable State of California Department of Transportation DOT and Department of Toxic Substances Control DTSC regulations The following additional requirements must be met for empty containers greater than five gallons in capacity 1 The container shall be marked with the date on which it was emptied 2 The container shall be managed within one year of being emptied 3 The generator shall provide the name street address mailing address and telephone number of the facility to which the empty cont
56. care must be taken that any flame in the room is at an abso lutely safe distance from the volatile liquid Vapors may flow along a table or countertop for long distances to an unseen ignition source then blast back Beware of gas water heaters in or near science classrooms or stockrooms Teachers and students should be familiar with the operation of all fire extinguishers in the labora tory The labels on the extinguishers contain directions for their use Teachers should be familiar with the location of all master controls for utilities especially the master valve in each room for the gas outlets Mark or color code all services clearly 20 21 22 26 27 The instructional area should be kept free of spills broken glass and unnecessary equipment and materials Good housekeeping is essential Stone crocks or plastic containers should be provided for the disposal of dangerous waste chemicals and solid materials Three different waste receptacles should be provided for 1 broken glass 2 spent matches and 3 wastepaper Arrangements should be made for further disposal of the waste chemicals in accor dance with the Solid Waste Disposal Act at an appropriate disposal site for hazardous materials See Chapter 5 section E step 6 Teachers should avoid unsafe practices by in structing and cautioning students about the correct techniques for the following activities Using a Bunsen burner and other related
57. circumstances and conduct of the responsible individuals to ascertain whether their conduct actions judgment and behavior were reasonable and prudent under the given circumstances Through an analysis of the actions taken by the school the school district and the individual the court determines the degree of responsibility that can be attributed to the parties involved The court also tests individuals using the reasonable man rule to determine whether the individual exercised the proper degree of caution and judgment that an average person of his or her training and background would have exercised under similar circumstances See Appendix A for 1 sample cases testing the liability of science teachers and 2 the NSTA s position statement titled Liability of Teachers for Laboratory Safety and Field Trips Fortunately many resources exist to help teachers gain expertise in safe ways of conducting demonstrations and laboratory activities Posting safety guidelines and procedures sug gested or sample study sheets for safe use of chemi cals lasers heating and so on is a recommended practice for science classrooms but the courts have declared posting to be insufficient in and of itself to ensure students safety The science teacher must continually remind students of both general and specific hazards before the performance of laboratory activities in which any element of danger might exist If a textbook or laboratory
58. control kits and eyewash stations Because the science laboratory classroom has the potential for the occurrence of unique injuries from flammable toxic and corrosive substances consider ation should be given to the possibility of tap water being unavailable Additions to the list of emergency supplies might include these items Sterile squeeze bottles and spray bottles useful for applying water to burns or spills of toxic or corro sive substances on the skin or in the eye Extra water Extra fire blanket s both for the primary purpose of smothering fires and for maintaining body warmth during first aid measures A plan must be established for replacing compo nents regularly to ensure that all items are fully available and functional at all times During an emer gency evacuation of the facility the emergency supplies as appropriate should be a part of the orderly departure Waste Reduction The growing costs of the disposal of toxic waste and concern about the effects of toxic waste on hu mans and the environment make the reduction of waste generated by schools an increasingly important issue By employing innovative strategies that effec tively reduce the volume and toxicity of laboratory waste schools and school districts will reap the benefits of 1 lower overall costs for waste disposal 2 increased organization and safety in laboratory and storage areas and 3 decreased amounts of chemical waste Such ef
59. costs for disposal of these materials are reimbursable Acetic Acid glacial 2 Acetylaminofluorine 4 Aminodiphenyl Acetone Acrylamide Aluminum powder Aluminum Chloride Aluminum Sulfate Ammonium Carbonate Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Persulfate Aniline Antimony Arsenic compound any Arsenic powder Arsenic Trioxide Asbestos Barium soluble compounds Barium Chloride Barium Hydroxide Barium Nitrate Bismuth and alloys powder Benzene Benzidine and salts Appendix C 139 Benzoyl Peroxide Beryllium Beryllium Compounds Boric Acid Bromine Butyl Alcohols Cadmium powder Cadmium salts Calcium Carbide Calcium Chloride Calcium Hydroxide Calcium Hypochlorite Calcium metal Calcium Nitrate Calcium Oxide Camphor Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Chloroform Chromium VI Oxide A I hexavalent chromium compounds Cobalt Cobalt Chloride Cobalt II Oxide Cobalt Nitrate Cobalt Sulfate Cupric Chloride Cupric Nirate Cupric Oxide Cupric Sulfate Cyclohexane p Dichlorobenzene 3 3 Dichlorobenzidene and salts Diisopropyl Ether if stored more than 1 year Dimethyl Amine 4 Dimethylaminoazobenzene Ethidium Bromide Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Alcohol Ethyl Ether Diethyl Ether if stored more than 1 year Ethylene Dichloride Ethylene Oxide Ethyleneimine Ferric Chloride Ferric Nitrate Ferrous Sulfate
60. data sheet MSDS is readily available for any chemical being handled or used in school The locations of the master electrical and gas shut off controls are labeled and readily accessible Plumbing fixtures are in correct operating condition Faucets are equipped with air gaps to prevent backflow Animals are cared for in an appropriate safe and humane environment Hazardous chemical waste is properly stored handled and disposed of Fire drill and earthquake drill procedures are posted and familiar to all teachers and students The school district s emergency procedures are prominently posted An adequate first aid kit including the Red Cross Standard First Aid and Personal Safety Manual or appropriate alternate information is provided See Chapter 2 First Aid in this handbook The teacher is familiar with first aid and safety measures related to science instruction as presented in this publication The Science Safety Handbook for California Public Schools is readily accessible Write a summary of the survey and note actions taken to remedy inadequate conditions CD D EL LE u LU O Date Date APPENDIX I END OF YEAR SAFETY AND ENERGY SAVINGS PROCEDURES 1 Inventory all chemicals Remove all outdated deterio rated potentially dangerous and not likely to be used substances Pack them in separate boxes by compatibil ity category and clearly mark the boxes Chemicals for disposal
61. educational purposes are also included in the Health and Safety Code of the state of Califor nia These regulations state that animals used for experimental educational purposes must be humanely treated supplied with adequate food and water and kept in satisfactory shelter and sanitary conditions See Appendix B for the applicable section of the Health and Safety Code C Eye Safety The sections of the Education Code 32030 32033 that regulate the duties and responsibilities of schools and school districts to protect the eyes of students staff and visitors during hazardous activities conducted in the classroom are cited in Appendix B Those legal requirements are summarized in this section followed by information on eye protective devices and other eye safety practices Legal Requirements School district governing boards have the duty to equip schools with eye protective devices for the use of all students teachers and visitors participating in hazardous activities such as those outlined below Principals or teachers supervising any of those activi ties must require that the eye protective devices be worn by participating students teachers and visitors Handbooks guides and other instructional materi als designed for use by persons involved in direct supervision of hazardous situations must carry addi 86 Chapter 7 Additional Safety Practices tional detailed guidelines covering particular subject areas and
62. eee teo cris 88 E Safety on Field Trips eb i tre t ein 88 E Poisonous Plants oet ede etr ere tende beet ed 89 Gr lomzing Radiation diee teen ep Ed 94 H Earthquake Preparation gerne t rd EDDIE eed 97 I 2Waste Reducton 5 sedis tidie t eene egit 102 J Employees Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals eee 105 K Employees Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens esee 106 Appendixes A Liability and the Science Teachers iia ende Ee tenus 109 Liability of Teachers for Laboratory Safety and Field Trips sse 110 B Legal Citations ate dee s petet Wa ee EE ide Tae eee ee 111 C Reimbursement for Removal and Disposal of Chemicals eee 137 D Science Classroom First Aid and Safety Materials seen 140 sample Accident Report 5 5 iat p pe b Duo oe oa d LE e Ee ipeo d 141 E Regional Poison Centers ss lise tte etre neige iria 142 F Sample Safety Regulations for Science Students Student Science Safety Contract 143 G Sample Science Laboratory Safety Test ooonconnncniccnococonnnocnnocnnnononncnonoconanan crac eene nene 146 H Sample Safety Checklist for Science Instruction Preparation and Storage Areas 151 I End of Year Safety and Energy Savings Procedures eee 154 J Sample Biological Science Laboratory Regulations eee 155 K Toxic Subst
63. exposure 2 A list of job classifications in which some employees have occupational exposure and 3 A list of all tasks and procedures in which occupational exposure occurs and that are performed by employees in job classifications listed in accordance with the provisions of subsection c 2 A 2 of this standard B This exposure determination shall be made without regard to the use of personal protective equipment d Methods of Compliance 1 General Universal precautions shall be observed to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials Under circumstances in which differentiation between body fluid types is difficult or impossible all body fluids shall be considered potentially infectious materials 2 Engineering and Work Practice Controls A Engineering and work practice controls shall be used to eliminate or minimize employee exposure Where occupational exposure remains after institution of these controls personal protective equipment shall also be used B Engineering controls shall be examined and maintained or replaced on a regular schedule to ensure their effectiveness C Employers shall provide handwashing facilities which are readily accessible to employees E Employers shall ensure that employees wash their hands immediately or as soon as feasible after removal of gloves or other personal protective equipment F Employers shall ensure that employees wash
64. exposure Laser Precautions Most lasers in use in secondary schools are continuous wave cw helium neon lasers that emit a beam of red light Invisible exotic or other harmful radiation is not emitted These lasers are typically class II or class IIIa lasers It is important for the teacher to be aware of the classification of the laser being used Class II cw lasers have a maximum power of 1 mW a power judged to be eye safe because the natural blink reflex prevents excessive power absorption in the eye However deliberate direct staring into the beam for periods longer than one quarter second may result in injury Safety features include warning labels a pilot lamp that glows when the electrical power is on and a mechanical beam stop that may be used to block the beam when the power is on Class IIIa cw lasers that emit visible light have a maximum power of 5 mW a power that may be too high for the blink reflex to provide protection against injury Class IIIa lasers that emit outside the visible spectrum may be limited to lower power output Safety features of the class Illa laser include the safety requirements for the class II laser a key switch and a connector for optional remote control operation For lasers purchased before August 1976 the claimed optical power is not a reliable index of the output Tests have shown that such lasers rated at 1 mW radiated in the range of 0 19 to 3 mW Lasers with cw outputs greater
65. for disposal of chemicals and other hazardous materials The DOHS maintains a list of licensed waste disposal companies those companies will offer assistance with obtaining the necessary permits and licenses An acceptable and less costly method of disposal of unwanted radioisotopes is by transfer to a specific licensee Inquire of nearby universities colleges and research organizations whether any has a license for the particular type and quantity of material that you wish to dispose of Disposal can usually be done for a minimal cost The designated school district staff member or radiation safety officer is responsible for first obtaining a copy of the receiver s license to verify that it includes the material in question Then the designated person is responsible for packaging the material for shipment or transfer complying with other reasonable requirements of the receiver and obtaining a receipt for the material The disposal process or transfer to a licensee must be coordinated with the appropriate school or school district staff If the material to be disposed of or transferred is material for which the school holds a license and the intent is to abandon the license the DOHS must be notified of such intent A final inspec tion will be conducted by that agency H Earthquake Preparation Earthquake A strong shake measuring 6 5 on the Richter scale smashes all the glass containers in the chemical storage area allowing the chem
66. fresh chemicals used in the laboratory An entire college level laboratory curriculum that focuses on using cyclic experiments is presented in The No Waste Lab Manual A Procedure That Eliminates Toxic Waste Production from Introductory Chemistry Labora tory Courses California Department of Health Services 1989 2 Clean containers according to state regulations Costly disposal fees may be reduced by thor oughly emptying all used chemical containers California Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 66261 7 addresses the handling of contaminated containers and encourages recycling and other options for disposal of empty containers Containers once filled with hazardous waste can be disposed of as nonhazardous waste provided certain stipulations are met See Appendix T for definitions of empty containers and disposal options 3 Reuse solvents Use spent solvents for the initial cleaning of glassware use fresh solvent only for the final rinsing Waste reduction through microscale chemistry One of the most effective ways in which to achieve waste reduction is by using smaller volumes of chemi cals to perform microscale laboratory experiments In most microscale experiments the chemical quantities can be reduced to between one tenth and one thousandth of the usual scale The main advantages of this approach include the following 1 less money J Employees Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals 105 is spent on chemicals 2
67. give a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water repeat until vomit fluid is clear Give two teaspoons of baking soda in a glass of water Have patient lie down and keep warm Cover eyes to exclude light Seek immediate medical attention Dispose of 1 1 OXIDIZER 5 1 Methyl Cellulose 7 1 3 in solution Not regulated Methyl Ethyl Ketone WARNING Flammable liquid Flammable Dangerous External Wash with soap Keep away from heat and open fire risk Narcotic by and water and seek flame inhalation medical attention Keep container closed use with Internal Seek immediate adequate ventilation medical attention Avoid prolonged breathing of Inhalation Move to fresh vapor air Seek immediate Avoid prolonged or repeated medical attention contact with skin 7 1 or 2 2 FLAMMABLE LIQUID 3 A Nickel Nitrate Oxidizer Known carcinogen External Flush with water POISON Toxic as dust or fumes Irrigate eyes with water Avoid body contact Dangerous fire risk for 15 minutes Seek O Avoid inhaling dust medical attention OO xe Avoid contact with organic Internal Wash mouth m gt C materials Seek medical attention See Table 2 Nonfire Fire Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information weigh risks to employees A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive
68. glass only or 2S 3 FLAMMABLE LIQUID 3 Narcotic in high concentrations Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Petroleum Ether Flammable liquid 7 1 glass only or 2S 3 FLAMMABLE LIQUID 3 Flammable External Ventilate area Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Phenol carbolic acid DANGER POISON Rapidly absorbed through skin Causes severe burns Do not get in eyes on skin or on clothing Avoid breathing vapor Do not take internally In case of contact immediately remove all contaminated clothing including shoes and flush skin or eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes for eyes get medical attention Wash clothing before reuse S 1 1POISON 6 1 Severe burn and tissue damage toxic by ingestion inhalation and skin absorption Phenol in contact with more than 100 square inches of skin 10 x10 is absorbed so quickly through the skin that it is fatal in 90 seconds unless quickly washed off with copious amounts of water External Wash with water then neutralize with sodium bicarbonate Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the
69. have been found to be free of removable contamination in excess of 0 005 microcu rie Radiation Machines A radiation machine is any device capable of producing ionizing radiation when the associated control devices are operated Examples of radiation producing machines are medical and dental machines used in the healing arts electron microscopes cabinet X ray machines and fluoroscopes Registration Every person who acquires a radia tion producing machine shall register it with the Department of Health Services DOHS within 30 days Registration forms can be obtained from DOHS Radiologic Health Branch P O Box 1525 Sacra mento CA 95807 telephone 916 445 6256 Exemptions Electrical equipment is exempt from registration if it produces radiation incidental to its operation but does not produce radiation in any accessible area to such a degree that an individual will be likely to receive a radiation dose to the whole body or to the head trunk gonads lens of the eye or active blood forming organs in excess of 0 5 rem in a year Examples of potentially hazardous equip ment are flyback transformers shunt regulator tubes and cathode ray tubes operating at voltages in excess of 20 000 volts Cold Cathode Ray Tubes Cold cathode ray tubes of the types commonly used in the classroom have been identified as potential sources of hazardous X rays coincidental to the intended use of the tubes The information in this section
70. hazardous reactions with metal oxides External Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water Internal Maintain respiration Seek 1 2 3 FLAMMABLE immediate medical powder 4 3 attention Aluminum Sulfate No reaction with water External Irrigate exposed Readily hydrolyzes to eyes and skin thoroughly form sulfuric acid Dust for 15 minutes vapor may be harmful if Internal Do not give inhaled Ingestion in large emetic Seek immediate doses causes gastric medical attention irritation nausea vomiting May corrode metals in presence of 10 1 3 Not regulated moisture Ammonium Carbonate Evolves irritating fumes External Irrigate exposed when heated eyes with water for 15 minutes Seek medical attention Inhalation Move to fresh air Seek medical attention Internal Do not give emetic Seek medical 10 1 3 Not regulated attention Ammonium Chloride Moderately toxic by Internal Seek immediate ingestion Fire may medical attention produce irritating or poisonous gas Reacts violently with water May ES O 10 1 1 Not regulated spontaneously decompose Nonfire Fire Ammonium Hydroxide WARNING Corrosive Liquid causes burns Vapor extremely irritating Avoid breathing vapor Avoid contact with skin eyes and clothing In case of contact immediately flush skin or eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes for eyes get medical attention 4 1 3 CORROSI
71. in large amounts the active principals cause dangerously irregular heartbeat and pulse digestive upset usually and mental confusion may be fatal Nausea vomiting diarrhea Severe but not usually serious digestive upset dermatitis Digestive upset nervous excitement depression may be fatal Irregular heartbeat and pulse usually accompanied by digestive upset and mental confusion Digestive upset and nervous excitement Extremely poisonous affects the heart produces severe digestive upset and has caused death a Nerium oleander TRN Can be irritating to mouth and stomach sometimes causes vomiting and nausea but usually produces no ill effects Nausea vomiting intestinal disturbances Included in Poisonous Plants of California by Thomas C Fuller and Elizabeth McClintock Berkeley University of California Press 1987 The authors cite these 12 plants as frequently occurring seed plants that all Californians should learn to recognize 90 TABLE 5 Continued Toxic Part Effects of Ingestion Ornamental plants Angels trumpet red white All parts Thirst dryness of mouth and skin flushing of face visual Brugmansia sanguinea especially seeds disturbances nausea rapid pulse fever delirium Azalea western rhododendron Rhododendron various Cherries wild and cultivated Apricots Prunus various Daphne Daphne various Golden chain Laburnum anagyroides Jessamine Gelsemium semper
72. incidents in the future Witnesses to the incident Date time of report Signature APPENDIX E REGIONAL POISON CENTERS Chevron Emergency Information Center 100 Chevron Way Richmond CA 94802 0627 Business 510 242 2689 Facilities Operation Emergency 800 231 0623 510 231 2473 510 231 0623 510 242 3333 Central California Regional Poison Control Center Valley Children s Hospital 3151 N Millbrook Fresno CA 93703 Business 209 241 6040 Emergency 800 346 5922 central California only 209 445 1222 FAX 209 241 6050 Los Angeles Regional Drug and Poison Information Center LAC USC Medical Center 1200 N State St Rm GH 1107 Los Angeles CA 90033 Business 213 226 2246 Emergency 213 222 8086 Physicians 213 222 3212 Consumers 800 825 2722 Professionals outside 213 area code 800 777 6476 Consumers outside 213 area code FAX 213 226 4191 Special note Serves only the following counties Los Angeles Ventura Santa Barbara San Bernardino Inyo San Diego Regional Poison Center UCSD Medical Center 200 W Arbor Dr San Diego CA 92103 8925 Business 619 543 3666 Emergency 619 543 6000 800 876 4766 California only FAX 619 692 1867 San Francisco Bay Area Regional Poison Control Center San Francisco General Hospital 1001 Potrero Ave Bldg 80 Rm 230 San Francisco CA 94110 Business 415 206 5524 Emergency 800 523 2222 Northern California
73. instruc tor The instructor should use the least concen trated dye solution which still stains effectively 3 Ethidium bromide powder should be dispensed only in a laboratory that is not subject to drafts created by doors windows and laboratory cross traffic Transfer of the powder should be done within a fume hood over a disposable working surface or over a tray that can be decontaminated 1f spillage occurs To minimize contact with ethidium bromide the instructor should weigh portions in advance when possible and store them for future use 4 To prevent skin contamination and subsequent dermal absorption or hand to mouth exposure the instructor should wear tight fitting disposable impermeable gloves Common surgical latex gloves may offer some protection A laboratory jacket or apron should also be worn 5 Students should not handle dyed gels until the gels have been rinsed thoroughly Once the dye is fixed and the excess rinsed off there will be little free ethidium bromide However students should still wear latex gloves and handle the gels with care Goggles should be worn whenever exposure 1s likely to occur 6 Ethidium bromide powder and solutions dyed gels and disposable materials contaminated with ethidium bromide should be disposed of according to applicable hazardous waste disposal regula tions The most effective way to control exposure to ethidium bromide is to replace it with a less hazardous substance
74. is not permitted Students are not permitted in laboratory storage rooms or teachers workrooms without the approval of the teacher 12 13 14 15 Handling Equipment 16 Inform the teacher immediately of any equipment not working properly Report broken glassware including thermometers to the instructor immediately Operate electrical equipment only in a dry area and with dry hands When removing an electrical plug from its socket pull the plug not the electrical cord When heating material in a test tube do not look into the mouth of the tube or point it in the direction of any person during the process When heating volatile or flammable materials use a water bath that is heat the materials in or over heated water using a hot plate to heat the water Extinguish all open flames Know the location and operation of the emergency shower eyewash and facewash fountain fire blanket fire extinguisher fire alarm box and exits Light gas burners only as instructed by the teacher Be sure no volatile materials such as alcohol or acetone are being used nearby Use a burner with extreme caution Keep your head and clothing away from the flame and turn it off when not in use Use a fire blanket to extinguish any flame on a person see stop drop and roll procedure in Chapter 2 section C Use the fume hood whenever noxious corrosive or toxic fumes are produced or released 17 18 19 20
75. lights oscilloscopes and any other electrically pow ered science instructional item Arrange for adequate temperature control and ventila tion of sensitive equipment and chemicals to ensure their safe storage APPENDIX J SAMPLE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE LABORATORY REGULATIONS The following regulations have been compiled for the safety of students performing laboratory work in biological science classes Strict observance of the regulations is mandatory All students in the school district are to follow these regulations rather than any conflicting instructions in textbooks or laboratory manuals Students and parents are to read the regulations sign the form and return the form to the instructor This proce dure must be completed before a student can begin any laboratory activity The student should keep a copy of the regulations in his or her notebook for future reference General 1 An instructor must be present during the performance of all laboratory work Prepare for each laboratory activity by reading all instructions before coming to class Follow all direc tions implicitly and intelligently Make a note of any modification in procedure given by the instructor 3 Always approach laboratory experiences in a serious and courteous manner Use only those materials and equipment authorized by the instructor Any science project or individually planned experiment must be approved by the teacher Know the proper
76. low powered with a light emission of less than a thousandth of a watt These lasers should not be confused with the powerful lasers intended for burning cutting and drilling However science teachers should still be aware of the inherent dangers to personnel in the operation of lasers Before using lasers in demonstra tions or in research orient all involved personnel to the potential hazards In general school demonstration lasers emit visible light therefore students and teachers face hazards typical of visible and near infrared light Eye Hazards Possibly the greatest danger in the use of lasers is the accidental penetration of the laser beam into the eye Relatively low power beams may burn the retinal area producing a blind spot If the retinal area irradi ated is the macula its fovea area of extremely fine vision or the optic nerve severe permanent visual damage may result Skin Hazards The effects on the skin are basically those of burns Lighter skin with little melanin pigment is affected to a lesser degree but skin with high melanin content overall or in spots such as moles may be burned severely Conversely lighter skin does not protect deeper lying tissue from visible and near infrared irradiation damage as well as darker skin does Exposure to ultraviolet irradiation may result in sunburn and possibly in skin cancer in susceptible individuals CDRH Regulations The Center for Devices and Rad
77. manage unused amounts Another successful cost cutting strategy is to estimate the amount of a chemical reagent the school all departments will use in one year and order only that amount at the beginning of the year Bulk ordering for multiple years of predicted use is discouraged Although a school may seem to take advantage of unit cost savings by ordering large quantities there is often no net savings for the school because of the ever increasing cost of disposal of outdated unused chemicals 5 Choose a responsible vendor Schools can encour age better customer service from chemical suppli ers by ordering supplies from those who provide quick delivery accept the return of unopened stock and offer off site waste management outlets or cooperatives for laboratory waste These customer service benefits should be solicited from company representatives before orders are placed and should be considered as the basis for future orders 6 Establish an inventory control program An inventory control program should be established to trace the volume of waste generated The inventory would enable more accurate tracking of all incoming chemicals from the time they arrive until they are disposed of as hazardous waste Improved access to accurate inventory lists by all authorized district and school personnel will enable the sharing of chemicals between common users provide data on all courses in which poten tially hazardous chemicals are ut
78. manual specifies a danger ous procedure which neither the students nor the instructor can reasonably carry out then the teacher must ensure that the procedure is not followed but is replaced with a safe one Students should not be allowed unsupervised access to potentially dangerous materials or equipment and should be under continual supervision in all laboratory situations for the safety of both student and equipment Monitoring or super vising a laboratory setup during passing periods is an essential consideration Specific safety instruction and testing are highly recommended as an integral part of every science classroom procedure This handbook includes sug gested safety procedures and a student safety test that may be adapted for use in the teaching of various scientific disciplines see Chapter 3 and Appendixes F G J and P The checklist in Appendix H will be helpful in assessing the safety features of classroom laboratories preparation areas and storerooms And the Science Laboratory Safety Liability Checklist in Appendix L is designed to assist department chairs and administrative staff in evaluating the effectiveness of facilities and established procedures regarding acci dent prevention and the potential liability of the school or school district D State and Federal Legislation Affecting Science Instruction 5 D State and Federal Legislation Affecting Science Instruction Legislative enactments since 198
79. material Class 9 means a material which presents a hazard during transportation but which does not meet the definition of any other hazard class 173 144 ORM D material means a material such as a consumer commodity which although otherwise subject to the regulations of this subchapter presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its form quantity and packag ing APPENDIX O CARCINOGEN REPORT OF USE FORM The form on the following page along with the accompanying questionnaire should be completed by any school that uses or has in storage any carcinogen included in the list shown on the form Butadiene 5201 is added to the form effective August 27 1997 This is a nonmandatory form developed by Cal OSHA to assist the regulated public in complying with the several 164 regulations for which a Report of Use is required Other means of providing the information required in the indi vidual regulation that requires report of use is acceptable A copy of each report required should also be posted in a conspicuous place in the area in which the carcinogen s is used ETATE OF CALA Pisco TO DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATES DIVISION OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OCCUPATICHAL CARCINOGEN CONTROL UNIT 45 Frew Sime 11ih Ficor e EY TE Sao Frisco CA 14105 uS eter Paporit al a Muria Original Fly Dania Cata el Change Em Eem pkoy sw Cumparm Galleria Coda of Fequis
80. ments of hazardous substances and ensure that those MSDSs are readily available to laboratory employees Repeal of requirement for obtaining an extremely hazardous waste disposal permit Health and Safety Code Section 25153 No special or additional permits are now required for the storage treatment transportation and disposal of extremely hazardous waste Such waste is subject to the same requirements as hazardous waste Producers and transporters of extremely hazard ous waste are required on an annual basis to notify and to send a tax return to the Board of Equalization On receipt of a bill from the Board the business is to pay an annual fee Hazardous materials release response plans and inventory Health and Safety Code Chapter 6 95 Section 25500 et seq The code requires every county to implement through a designated administering agency existing law providing for a governmental re sponse to a release or threatened release of hazardous substances A city could assume that responsibility within its boundary Any business which handles a hazardous material must establish a specified business plan in accordance with the standards of the Office of Emergency Services for emergency response to a release or threatened release of the hazardous material Any business which handles a hazardous material must submit a specified inventory annually to the administering agency Pursuant to the provisions of Section
81. must be considered Teachers are encouraged to work with their administrators to identify and alleviate potential 4 Chapter 1 Introduction hazards due to overcrowding and limitations in facilities The objective should be to guarantee the safest possible environment in which to conduct experiments without reducing the number or quality of activity based science lessons C Teacher s Liability Laws and regulations at the national state county city and school district levels are explicit enough to place direct responsibility on teachers administrators school board members and school district science specialists for the safety of students in science class rooms In the existing climate of accountability and liability for the safe conduct of educational processes the science teacher comes under close scrutiny Although protected to a degree by a school district s legal resources the teacher is vulnerable to profession ally and personally damaging lawsuits It is important to plan preventive steps that will minimize accidents and reduce both indi vidual and district liabilities Essentially such steps include effective safety instruction careful supervision of all activities and proper mainte nance of laboratory and classroom equipment Because school districts and the classroom instructors on occasion may become involved when students are injured or negligence occurs staff should recognize that the court examines the
82. must have a thorough understanding of the potential hazards of all the materials pro cesses and equipment that will be used in their school laboratory 3 Teachers should know the risks involved in using chemicals and should prepare the chemicals before class begins Neutralizing solutions should be available for dangerous materials used by students 4 Teachers must report any student injury or acci dent immediately on their school district s acci dent report form available in the main office or health office of each school See the sample accident report form included in Appendix D 5 Safety in the laboratory should be taught and reinforced throughout the year The teacher should make notations of each instructional act regarding safety in the daily lesson plans and maintain a record log for each class to document the specific topics of safety instruction and the dates on which they were taught Thorough instruction on necessary safety procedures including appro priate disposal of excess or waste chemicals must precede each laboratory activity See Appendix F for sample classroom safety regulations and a sample student science safety contract see Appendix G for a sample science laboratory safety test 6 The use of approved eye protective devices is required of all persons performing science activi ties involving hazards to the eyes All persons in dangerous proximity to such laboratory activity that is all persons
83. observe learning activities involving laboratory experiments and demonstrations In addition those activities allow students to learn the processes and techniques of science laboratory investigation Students who go to colleges and universities and take advanced science courses are expected to know laboratory procedures The Science Framework for California Public Schools K 12 specifies that of the total time spent learning science at least 40 percent should be involved in activity based lessons This concept applies in kindergarten through grade twelve Although many science activities present potential hazards reasonable and prudent safety practices greatly reduce the likelihood of accidents When students adhere strictly to standard safety precautions they are unlikely to encounter any risks greater than those they might encounter in physical education vocational education or home economics classes Knowing about possible hazards and taking precau tions are the basis for creating a safe learning environ ment All students studying science benefit from practicing safety procedures and from learning to Science Framework for California Public Schools K 12 Sacramento California Department of Education 1990 p 160 appreciate scientific methods The National Science Teachers Association NSTA promotes extensive use of laboratory investigations and field trips in science instruction and urges that school districts and
84. of specimens from formalin should take place within an operating fume hood and proper personal protective equipment should be worn to avoid respiratory and dermal exposure The remaining formalin may not be poured down the sink unless written permission has been obtained from the local sewage district or administra tive agency If there is a formaldehyde spill all personnel should be promptly evacuated from the immediate area and the room should be thoroughly ventilated Cleanup should be attempted only by properly equipped and trained spill control specialists Regulations in the General Industry Safety Orders California Code of Regulations Title 8 Section 5217 establish specific requirements for the monitoring and safety training of employees exposed to airborne formaldehyde at or above each of the following levels 1 The action level of 0 5 parts formaldehyde per million parts air ppm an eight hour time weighted average concentration Action level is determined by measuring the concentration of a chemical substance calculated as an eight hour time weighted average 2 The permissible exposure level PEL of 0 75 ppm formaldehyde an eight hour time weighted average concentration PEL is defined as the maximum permitted eight hour time weighted average concentration of an airborne contami nant that an employee can be exposed to in one day The short term exposure level STEL of 2 0 ppm formaldehyde which is expr
85. of the following Aprons gloves Chemical spill kit Eye protective devices goggles face shield safety shield Eyewash fountain drench spray and drench shower Fire extinguisher Fire blanket First aid kit Heat sources burners hot plate microwave and techniques in their use Material safety data sheets MSDSs Waste disposal containers for glass chemicals matches paper wood DODODCDOCOCCOCOUO The student will abide by the Safety Regulations for Science Students to prevent accidents and injury to herself or himself and others and will Follow all additional instructions given by the teacher Conduct herself or himself in a responsible manner at all times in the laboratory List below any special allergies or sensitivities e g to plants animals pollen foods chemicals bee stings that may affect the student s safety in the laboratory or on field trips Check this box if the student wears contact lenses BL Student s Statement I have in my possession and have read the Safety Regulations for Science Students pages 143 44 and agree to abide by them at all times while in the laboratory I have received specific safety instruction as indicated above Signature of student Date Parent s or Guardian s Statement I have read the Safety Regulations for Science Students pages 143 44 and give my consent for the student who has signed the preceding statement to engage in laboratory activities u
86. on cold cathode ray tubes was provided by the California Department of Public Health in Berkeley as a guide for science teachers Cold cathode ray tubes are used for the study of electrons and electronic phenomena The tubes come in a multitude of sizes shapes and forms Three kinds of cold cathode ray tubes that can produce potentially hazardous X rays coincidental to their intended use are heat effect tubes magnetic effect tubes and shadow or fluorescence effect tubes These cathode ray tubes can produce X rays when all the following conditions are met e An electron source or cathode is present There is a target or anode that the electrons can strike A high potential difference exists between anode and cathode In voltage of 10KV or under the electrons do not acquire sufficient energy to produce significant X rays Low gas pressure prevails between cathode and anode that is a moderately good vacuum exists in the tube The heat effect tube is used to demonstrate that cathode rays consist of rapidly moving electrons whose kinetic energy is converted to heat on colli sion with an object The tube consists of an evacu ated glass bulb with a thin foil target positioned between opposed electrodes The cathode has a concave surface to focus electrons on a small spot of the foil The focal spot on the foil can easily be heated to a dramatically visible white heat The magnetic or deflection effect tube demon strates that
87. or the use of hazardous substances likely to cause injury to the eyes includes but is not necessarily limited to the following 1 Working with hot molten metal 2 Milling sawing turning shaping cutting grinding and stamping of any solid materials 3 Heat treating tempering or kiln firing of any metal or other materials 4 Gas or electric arc welding Health and Safety Code Section 28740 et seq 112 Appendix B 5 Repairing or servicing of any vehicles or other machinery or equipment 6 Working with hot liquids or solids or with chemicals which are flammable toxic corrosive to living tissues irritating strongly sensitizing radioactive or which generate pressure through heat decomposition or other means 32032 Standards for devices For purposes of this article the eye protective devices utilized shall be industrial quality eye protective devices which meet the standards of the American National Stan dards Institute for Practice for Occupational and Educa tional Eye and Face Protection Z87 1 1968 and subse quent standards that are adopted by the American National Standards Institute for Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection 32033 Sale of devices at cost to pupils and teachers The eye protective devices may be sold to the pupils and teachers or instructors at a price which shall not exceed the actual cost of the eye protective devices to the school or gov
88. order blank Prices on all publications are subject to change A partial list of other educational resources available from the Department appears on page 178 In addition the Educational Resources Catalog describing publications videos and other instructional media available from the Department can be obtained without charge by writing to the address given above or by calling the Sales Office at 916 445 1260 Notice The guidance in the Science Safety Handbook for California Public Schools 1999 Edition is not binding on local educational agencies or other entities Except for the statutes regulations and court decisions that are referenced herein the document is exemplary and compliance with it is not mandatory See Education Code Section 33308 5 CONTENTS Preta as EE vii Acknowledgments reiini eer Pe a ada ta tar ea Ma va aan a Vili School District Emergency and Safety Procedures 1 eee ix T Introd ction comica eU e Rn reet dede tete 1 A Responsibilities of Students and Parents essere 2 B Reasonable Laboratory Class Size eren 2 E Teacher s able AAA eee eet e etes Age 4 D State and Federal Legislation Affecting Science Instruction eeses 5 2 O A OS 9 A General Informati n reete eet pee A teinte vied 9 B Bites by Snakes Spiders Insects and Mammals seen 9 Co BUMS ae 11 D Eye Imurtes de
89. potentially infectious material and other containers used to store transport or ship blood or other potentially infectious materials except as provided in subsection g 1 A 5 6 and 7 Note Other labeling provisions such as Health and Safety Code Sections 25080 25082 may be applicable 2 Labels required by this section shall include either the following legend as required by Section 6004 YY or in the case of regulated waste the legend BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE as described in Health and Safety Code Sections 25080 25082 3 These labels shall be fluorescent orange or orange red or predominantly so with lettering and symbols in a contrasting color 4 Labels required by subsection g 1 A shall either be an integral part of the container or shall be affixed as close as feasible to the container by string wire adhesive or other method that prevents their loss or unintentional removal 5 Red bags or red containers may be substituted for labels except for sharp containers or regulated waste red bags Bags used to contain regulated waste shall be color coded red and shall be labeled in accordance with subsection g 1 A 2 Labels on red bags or red containers do not need to be color coded in accordance with subsection g 1 A 3 6 Containers of blood blood components or blood products that are labeled as to their contents and have been released for transfusion or other clinical use are
90. potentially infectious material whether or not a specific exposure incident occurred shall be offered vaccination against the hepatitis B virus Incident reports shall be maintained about each such occurrence and arrangements shall be made for a confidential medical evaluation counseling and appropriate postexposure prophylaxis Hazard Communication Training All designated employees are to be trained at the time of their initial assignments and at least annually thereafter The training is to include information on and an explanation of the following The contents of the regulatory text and its accessi bility to employees Bloodborne diseases and their modes of transmis sion The exposure control plan Recognition of tasks that may involve exposure Ways in which to prevent or reduce exposure Use and handling of protective equipment Appropriate action to be taken and procedures to be followed if an exposure incident occurs The availability free of charge of the hepatitis B vaccine Postexposure evaluation and follow up An opportunity for interactive questions and answers is also required Recordkeeping The medical record of each designated employee shall include 1 the employee s hepatitis B vaccina tion status 2 the results of related examinations medical testing and follow up procedures 3 copies of any health care professional s written opinion or other information 4 an incidents log of all first aid
91. presenta 106 Chapter 7 Additional Safety Practices tion of refresher information and training must be decided by the employer Section 5191 f The employer must inform all employees of the new regulations contained in Section 5191 the con tents of the employer s CHP the Cal OSHA exposure limits for regulated substances the recommended exposure limits for hazardous substances not regulated by Cal OSHA medical information on symptoms associated with expo sure and the location of references e g MSDS that provide information about the hazardous chemicals with which employees work The employer must also provide training on methods used to detect the presence or release of hazardous chemicals the hazards of each chemical used and measures that can be taken to avoid exposure 5 Define the circumstances under which particular laboratory operations require prior approval from the employer 6 Provide free medical consultation and examina tions on suspicion of exposure to hazardous substances Section 5191 g The employer must obtain the written opinion of the physician about conditions of the employee relating only to the exposure 7 Designate personnel responsible for the imple mentation of the CHP including a chemical hygiene officer The officer must be qualified by training or experience to provide guidance in developing and implementing the CHP 8 Provide additional employee protection when particularly hazard
92. removed People with normal immune systems are usually not infected when o ao 24 Chapter 4 Safety in the Biology Laboratory they breathe in these spores However people with weakened or suppressed immune systems are at risk of developing a fungal infection should they inhale the spores Immune systems can be damaged by immuno suppressant drugs HIV infections or other causes Therefore it is good practice once the petri dishes are inoculated to tape the lids on with two pieces of tape opposite each other and allow manipulations of the fungal growth only in a fume hood in which a current of air draws the spores out of the room Fungi are microorganisms that are widespread in soil dust and air Of particular concern is the fungus Coccidioides immitis which is present in some soils of the southwestern United States Most people on inhalation of the spores develop a mild flu like respiratory illness called valley fever which quickly passes Usually people acquire a lifelong immunity to reinfection Some unfortunate people become very ill and may die even with medical care Therefore it is essential for students working with soil or the fungi in soil to be aware of this hazard and not expose them selves to large amounts of the dust or spores In areas endemic to valley fever you should restrict the collec tion of soil to sites within five miles of the Pacific Ocean in the United States to minimize exposure to spores o
93. shall within 15 working days after the receipt of any monitoring results notify the employee of these results in writing either individually or by posting results in an appropriate location that is accessible to employees e Chemical hygiene plan 1 Where hazardous chemicals as defined by this regulation are used in the workplace the employer shall develop and carry out the provisions of a written Chemical Hygiene Plan which is A Capable of protecting employees from health hazards associated with hazardous chemicals in that laboratory and B Capable of keeping exposures below the limits specified in subsection 5191 c 2 The Chemical Hygiene Plan shall be readily available to employees employee representatives and upon request to the Chief 3 The Chemical Hygiene Plan shall include each of the following elements and shall indicate specific measures that the employer will take to ensure laboratory employee protection A Standard operating procedures relevant to safety and health considerations to be followed when laboratory work involves the use of hazardous chemicals B Criteria that the employer will use to determine and implement control measures to reduce employee exposure to hazardous chemicals including engineering controls the use of personal protective equipment and hygiene practices particular attention shall be given to the selection of control measures for chemicals that are known to be extreme
94. should not be touched or moved by anyone other than a trained county sheriff or police bomb squad or other qualified official If any explosive chemicals are present call the appropriate district staff person or the local fire or sheriff s department Caution The list in Table 1 is not a comprehen sive list of all possible explosive chemicals It is a list of chemicals that have in the past been recommended for use by various laboratory manuals and curriculum guides and therefore are most likely to be present in the school laboratory Be alert for other explosives as you search for the ones noted in Table 1 For methods of disposal consult Code of Federal Regulations Title 49 for the specific hazard class for each explosive found Once the explosives have been removed it is appropriate to make preparation for the storage and transportation of hazardous materials Some of the following steps can and should be done simulta neously Step 3 Chemicals Inventory 1 Purpose of the inventory The inventory will enable you to a Meet the requirements of Health and Safety Code Chapter 6 95 which requires that an annual inventory be submitted to an adminis tering agency probably the county depart ment of health services In many instances the local fire department or designated city or county agency also requests such an inven tory b Learn of any extremely hazardous chemicals acutely toxic carcinogenic mutagenic etc
95. special extinguishing powder for those fires Do not use regular dry chemical extinguishers Dry sand is effective on small class D fires Call the fire department and inform them that it is a class D fire Never use water or sand that is damp Multipurpose 2A 10BC fire extinguishers are mandatory California Code of Regulations Title 19 Section 568 et seq The State Fire Marshal requires that one extinguisher be provided for every 6 000 square feet 540 sq m of laboratory space and that one be located not more than 75 feet 22 5 m from any point in the laboratory on the same story or floor The following items of equipment are recom mended for use in classroom fires General purpose ABC dry chemical fire extin guisher Not for use with class D fires Carbon dioxide CO fire extinguisher Not for use with class A or class D fires Fire blanket for fires involving clothing on persons The victim should stop drop and roll immediately on the floor to minimize inhalation of smoke or hot gases Someone should assist the victim in rolling up in the fire blanket starting with the upper portion of the body to force flames away from the head but making sure that the head is free 84 Chapter 7 Additional Safety Practices B Use of Animals in the Classroom A science teacher or other adult supervisor should assume primary responsibility for the environmental conditions under which any study involving live animals is condu
96. teachers should share the responsibilities of establishing safety standards and seeing that they are adhered to Science teachers must be advocates of safety and have the information and attitudes necessary to inform community and school groups and involve them in support of activity based science classes School administrators and district administrative staff must be active supporters of hands on science experiences Administrators must be kept informed of laboratory activities and concomitant safety precautions and must devote resources to make such experiences possible Parents too must be aware of and approve the labora tory experiences their students will have Science teachers are in a unique position to orient school administrators to the attitudes skills rational thinking processes and knowl edge resulting from laboratory activities Many science laboratory exercises use readily available materials and may be inexpensive to conduct This information should be conveyed to administrators to increase their appreciation of the number variety and cost effectiveness of experiments The main point is that admin istrators who observe student motivation resulting from laboratory participation will be more likely to increase their support for activities requiring more resources To ensure that support science teachers will need to provide evidence that appropriate safety precautions have been taken This emphasis on safety is re
97. the employee including vaccination status which are the employer s responsibility to maintain as required by subsection h 1 B 2 5 Healthcare Professional s Written Opinion The employer shall obtain and provide the employee with a copy of the evaluating healthcare professional s written opinion within 15 days of the completion of the evaluation A The healthcare professional s written opinion for hepatitis B vaccination shall be limited to whether hepatitis B vaccination is indicated for the employee and if the employee has received such vaccination B The healthcare professional s written opinion for post exposure evaluation and follow up shall be limited to the following information 1 That the employee has been informed of the results of the evaluation and 2 That the employee has been told about any medical conditions resulting from exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials which require further evaluation or treatment Appendix B 125 C All other findings or diagnoses shall remain confidential and shall not be included in the written report 6 Medical Recordkeeping Medical records required by this standard shall be maintained in accordance with subsection h 1 of this section g Communication of Hazards to Employees 1 Labels and Signs A Labels 1 Warning labels shall be affixed to containers of regulated waste refrigerators and freezers containing blood or other
98. times from ultraviolet apparatus and during the use or production of X rays microwaves and lasers When handling electronic equipment teachers and students should observe the following precau tions Make certain that the current is off before putting hands into a radio or any electronic equipment Besure that there is a bleeder high resis tance across the output of a power supply otherwise a severe shock from a charged condenser may result Exercise extreme caution in demonstrating adjusting or using image tubes of television receivers or cathode ray oscilloscopes when the tubes are removed from their protective housing Such tubes should be removed only when necessary to the experiment When evacuating a bulb during the density of air experiments wrap the bulb in a towel to avoid flying glass should the bulb be crushed Use round bottom flasks for the experiment they are stronger than flat bottom flasks When using a pressure cooker to demonstrate the variation of boiling points under pressure be sure to examine the safety valve on the cooker before use to make sure it is in working order Do not allow the pressure to exceed 20 pounds per square inch 137 8 kPa Observe caution in the use of all rotating appara tus such as the whirling table Savart s Wheel 78 Chapter 6 Safety in the Physics Laboratory siren disk and centrifugal hoops Make certain the safety nut is securely fastened at all times T
99. to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Cobalt Sulfate Poisonous by intravenous External Irrigate eyes with and intraperitoneal water If breathing has routes Moderately toxic stopped give artificial by ingestion causes respiration if breathing is nausea and vomiting difficult give oxygen Eye skin and Remove contaminated respiratory irritant clothing and shoes Fine dust is flammable Internal 1f swallowed and When heated to victim is conscious give decomposition it emits water and induce toxic fumes of sulfur vomiting If victim is dioxide unconscious or having convulsions do nothing but keep victim warm Seek immediate medical 10 1 3 Not regulated attention Cobalt Nitrate Oxidizer Oxidizer Fire risk in contact External Irrigate eyes with with organic materials water for at least 15 min Poisonous by ingestion utes Flush skin with water and by intramuscular and Remove contaminated subcutaneous routes An clothing and shoes experimental tumorigen Internal If inhaled and Experimental reproductive breathing is difficult give effects oxygen If breathing has When heated to stopped give artificial decomposition it emits respira
100. viewing of the sun Note No approved eye protection is provided Do not allow this activity Use of infrared and ultraviolet light sources Note No approved eye protection is pro vided These sources must be shielded from direct view Use of lasers Note No approved eye protec tion is provided These sources must be shielded from direct view See Chapter 6 section D Use and Hazards of Lasers An effective eye protection program must include adequate instruction and demonstration on the hazards of laboratory work and the methods with which to avert accidental injury This instruction must be repetitious and should become routine procedure The eye protective devices must be readily available whenever needed and high standards of cleanliness must be maintained to prevent any spread of infection from contagious eye or skin conditions Students must be cautioned never to rub their eyes or touch their faces during any activity using reagents or substances that could be transferred through their hands Students should scrub their hands thoroughly after any such laboratory exercise D Eyewash Station An eyewash station should be provided in any classroom or stockroom in which a chemical splash into eyes is a possibility California Code of Regula tions Title 8 General Industry Safety Orders Section 5162 see Appendix B Several types of stations are possible including Acompletely plumbed in or self contained eye
101. 0 32 a 71 33 a 72 34 B 73 35 74 36 a 75 37 a 76 38 a APPENDIX H SAMPLE SAFETY CHECKLIST FOR SCIENCE INSTRUCTION PREPARATION AND STORAGE AREAS School Date Teacher s Room or area Science teachers should check their instructional areas periodically to determine whether unsafe conditions exist Teachers who have concerns about safety conditions related to facilities equipment supplies curriculum classroom occu pant load and so on should notify their department chairpersons and school site administrators immediately in writing for assistance in alleviating the condition The following checklist may be used to determine whether or not a safe environment exists and to indicate possible areas of concern and danger see also appendixes B and C in Science Facilities Design for California Public Schools published by the California Department of Education in 1993 1 Good general housekeeping prevails and aisles are clear of materials and apparatus a 2 Signs of the locations of first aid and safety equipment are visible throughout the room e g fire extinguishers fire blanket eyewash station a 3 Adequate storage space is provided for chemicals materials and apparatus 4 The classroom laboratory has no blind spots that is areas in which students cannot be supervised by the teacher from anywhere in the room 5 There is adequate classroom laboratory space for t
102. 00 percent effective against all potential eye hazards Appropriate combinations of devices may be used for optimum protection C Eye Safety 87 To establish an effective eye safety program the teacher must comply with the following practices 1 2 Orient the students to the need for and use of eye protective devices Warn students that contact lenses may not be worn in an atmosphere that may contain hazardous gases vapors or liquids or when there is any danger of chemicals entering the eye see accom panying box Use of Contact Lenses Consider eye safety when planning each science activity Refer to Chapter 2 section D Eye Injuries and the following subsection in this chapter Potential Eye Hazards Ensure that all persons performing science laboratory activities involving hazards to the eyes wear approved eye protective devices All persons in dangerous proximity to such activities must be similarly equipped Use of Contact Lenses The use of contact lenses in science laboratory instruction is strongly discouraged because the capillary action of solutions causes rapid spreading of the solution under contact lenses and possibly delays the removal of the lenses Quick removal of contact lenses is very difficult under adverse conditions When laboratory activities are antici pated prescription glasses should be worn unless a student cannot see without contact lenses Contact lenses are al
103. 2 The employer shall ensure that employees who have contact with contaminated laundry wear protective gloves and other appropriate personal protective equipment 3 When a facility ships contaminated laundry off site to a second facility which does not utilize Universal Precautions in the handling of all laundry the facility generating the contaminated laundry must place such laundry in bags or containers which are labeled or color coded in accordance with subsection g 1 A f Hepatitis B Vaccination and Post exposure Evalua tion and Follow up 1 General A The employer shall make available the hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination series to all employees who have occupational exposure and post exposure evaluation and follow up to all employees who have had an exposure incident Exception Designated first aid providers who have occupa tional exposure are not required to be offered pre exposure hepatitis B vaccine if the following conditions exist 1 The primary job assignment of such designated first aid providers is not the rendering of first aid a Any first aid rendered by such persons is rendered only as a collateral duty responding solely to injuries resulting from workplace incidents generally at the location where the incident occurred 1 b 2 The employer s Exposure Control Plan subsec tion c 1 shall specifically address the provision of hepatitis B vaccine to all unvaccinated first aid
104. 2 have had a significant impact on safety in science instruction and on the duties of science teachers The following are the topics of those enactments 1 2 Hazardous materials education Education Code Section 49340 et seq Removal of chemicals Education Code Section 49411 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories chemical hygiene plan California Code of Regulations Title 8 General Industry Safety Orders Section 5191 Bloodborne pathogens California Code of Regulations Title 8 General Industry Safety Orders Section 5193 Hazard communication material safety data sheets California Code of Regulations Title 8 General Industry Safety Orders Section 5194 Repeal of requirement for obtaining an extremely hazardous waste disposal permit Health and Safety Code Section 25153 Hazardous materials release response plans and inventory Health and Safety Code Chapter 6 95 Section 25500 et seq Significant excerpts of these and other laws are cited in Appendix B Summaries of the recent enact ments are provided below 1 Hazardous materials education Education Code Section 49340 et seq This legislation recognizes the potentially hazard ous nature of materials and procedures used in school science laboratories and the need for educators to increase the awareness of persons dealing with the materials to minimize the dan gers Each school is encouraged to
105. 2 months old place the opened container under a fume hood or outdoors and allow to evaporate J Standards in the Use of Lead The California Department of Health Services has recommended that lead and lead compounds not be used in the high school laboratory Overexposure to lead can cause damage to the reproductive systems of both men and women Effects of the damage include stillbirth miscarriage and learning disorders in K Handling and Cleanup of Mercury 75 children whose mothers were exposed to lead during pregnancy Lead also damages the nervous system kidneys blood forming system and digestive system See also Table 3 If lead must be used in the laboratory the Cal OSHA lead standard must be followed see California Code of Regulations Title 8 Section 5216 Some of the main points of the lead standard are as follows 1 When lead is used the amount of lead in the air in the work area must be measured at least once 2 If the levels of lead in the air exceed the action level an average of 30 micrograms of lead per cubic meter of air throughout an eight hour workday the employer must a Measure the level of lead in the air every six months b Tell employees in writing the amount of lead to which they are exposed c Establish an exposure reduction program if employees are exposed to more than the action level for more than 30 days each year 3 Employee exposure must not exceed the permis sible exp
106. 5 Use baking soda paste to reduce the itching 6 See your family physician for diagnosis and suggested management od Note For further information about poisonous plants see Chapter 7 section F Poisonous Plants F Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR This procedure must be administered by someone who has been trained according to the standards of the American National Red Cross or the American Heart Association Basic life support is an emergency first aid procedure that consists of the recognition of airway obstruction respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest and the proper application of cardiopulmonary resuscita tion CPR The CPR procedure consists of 1 Opening an airway and maintaining the open airway 2 Providing artificial ventilation by means of rescue breathing 3 Providing artificial circulation by means of external heart compression Each science teacher should be familiar with the CPR procedure because experience has shown that a stoppage of breathing is seldom isolated from a heart stoppage Even if normal breathing and heartbeat are not restored the injured person can be kept alive by this procedure until expert medical assistance is available Any condition requiring CPR is a serious medical emergency During the execution of CPR another staff member or responsible individual should be notifying the parent and having the nurse send for an ambulance and paramedics or the police or sheriff Se
107. Dissection Sections 32255 1 32255 3 32255 4 32255 5 Earthquake Emergency Procedures Sections 35295 35296 35297 40041 5 Hazardous Materials Education Sections 49340 49341 49401 5 49411 Instruction in Personal and Public Health and Safety Section 51202 Use of Animals in Public Instruction Section 51540 California Code of Regulations Title 8 General Industry Safety Orders Ventilation Requirements for Laboratory Type Hood Operations Section 5154 1 Ventilation Requirements for Biological Safety Cabinets Section 5154 2 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment Section 5162 Spill and Overflow Control Section 5163 Storage of Hazardous Substances Section 5164 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Labora tories Chemical Hygiene Plan Section 5191 Bloodborne Pathogens Section 5193 Hazard Communication Material Safety Data Sheets Section 5194 California Code of Regulations Title 22 Specific Requirements for Milkrun Operations Section 66263 42 Health and Safety Code Humane Care of Animals Sections 1650 1651 1660 1662 Repeal of Requirement for Obtaining an Extremely Hazard ous Waste Disposal Permit Sections 25153 25205 7 0 Transporting Hazardous Waste Sections 25163 25163 1 Hazardous Materials Release Response Plans and Inven tory Summary of Section 25500 et seq Education Code School Eye Safety 32030 Duties regarding eye protective devices It shall be the duty of the gove
108. ENDIX D SCIENCE CLASSROOM FIRST AID AND SAFETY MATERIALS Adhesive bandages Antiseptic Antiseptic applicators Aprons Bucket of sand or commercial absorbent to smother alkali fires dam around spills reduce slippery conditions and so on Cotton Earthenware crock for disposal of solid chemicals If needed have several crocks labeled to prevent mixing of incompatible chemicals Fume hoods where appropriate Mercury clean up chemicals e g zinc dust mercury sponges 140 Neutralizing agents Acetic acid 30 5 M solution for neutralizing spilled bases Sodium bicarbonate saturated solution for neutraliz ing spilled acids Rubber and nitrile gloves Safety equipment Eyewash shower unit Face shields Fire blanket Fire extinguisher s multipurpose 2A 10B C Safety shield Splash proof goggles for every student instructor and visitor This list is purposely conservative because the school health office or school nurse should have more extensive supplies See Chapter 5 section K Use of Mercury Appendix D 141 Sample Accident Report School Staff completing report Date and time of incident Room Location of the incident Person s involved in the incident Staff Student Description of the incident Immediate action in responding to the emergency Action taken or required to prevent such
109. Except as provided in sections 5194 f 5 and f 6 the employer shall ensure that each container of hazardous substances in the workplace is labeled tagged or marked with the following information A Identity of the hazardous substance s contained therein and B Appropriate hazard warnings 5 The employer may use signs placards process sheets batch tickets operating procedures or other such written materials in lieu of affixing labels to individual stationary process containers as long as the alternative method identifies the containers to which it is applicable and conveys the information required by Section 5194 f 4 to be on a label The written materials shall be readily accessible to the employees in their work area throughout each work shift 6 The employer is not required to label portable containers into which hazardous substances are transferred from labeled containers and which are intended only for the immediate use of the employee who performs the transfer 7 The employer shall not remove or intentionally deface existing labels on incoming containers of hazardous substances unless the container is immediately marked with the required information 8 The employer shall ensure that labels or other forms of warning are legible in English and prominently displayed on the container or readily available in the work area throughout each work shift Employers having employees who speak other la
110. High School Division Environmental Education Office vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Although the California Department of Education assumed the role of coordinator in compiling this handbook the work was a collaborative effort A number of individuals representing various state agencies and educational and research institutions gave a great deal of their time in making this handbook possible A special acknowledg ment is due to Doug Adams Safety Office San Diego City Schools Donald B Alger Chemistry Department California State University Chico John Baker Safety Office San Diego City Schools Frank Ciofalo Deputy Chief of Health and Technical Services California Occupational Safety and Health Administration Patricia Coyle Associate Toxicologist Health Evaluation System and Information Services California Health and Welfare Agency Dennis Fisher Associate Director of Plant Operations Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Judi Frantz Department of Toxic Substances Control California Environmental Protection Agency Philip D Gay Retired Science Education Specialist San Diego City Schools Jack Gerlovich Assistant Professor of Science Education Drake University Jack Grube Administrator Science Laboratory Specialist Project David Hammond Retired Manager High School Curriculum Unit California Department of Education Barbara Hemmingsen Professor of Microbiology San Diego State University J Scott Hildum Lase
111. IN THE CHEMISTRY LABORATORY use and storage of hazardous chemicals The California Code of Regulations Title 8 Section 5191 addresses a broad range of requirements for employers engaged in the laboratory use of hazardous chemicals see Appendix B This regulation requires employers to develop and implement a written chemi cal hygiene plan CHP that sets forth specific proce dures for minimizing employees exposure to hazard ous chemicals For assistance in preparing a CHP contact your county Environmental Health Department or obtain a copy of the Model Chemical Hygiene Plan for Kentucky School Districts see ordering informa tion in Chapter 7 section J Under the regulation school districts are required to designate a qualified chemical hygiene officer to provide technical guidance in the development and implementation of a CHP that ensures that employees exposure to hazardous chemicals does not exceed Cal OSHA standards The CHP must include the following elements 1 safe operating procedures to be followed when the laboratory work involves hazardous chemi cals 2 criteria for determining and implementing control measures including engineering controls the use of personal protective equipment and hygiene practices 3 maintenance of proper labels on hazard ous substances and of MSDSs received from the vendor 4 assurance that fume hoods comply with regulations and that all protective equipment functions properly
112. ING CAUTION 3 Type of hazard s such as the following Poison Causes burns Flammable Harmful vapors Explosive e Toxic Corrosive 4 Date of receipt or preparation 5 Precautionary measures such as the following instructions on how to avoid injury Keep away from heat sparks or open flame Avoid contact with eyes skin or clothing Use only with adequate ventilation 6 Instructions in the event of ingestion contact or exposure The example shown here addresses each of the labeling requirements Proper labels can be obtained from most chemical or safety supply houses IN CASE OF CONTACT WITH EYES FLUSH WITH WATER CONTINUOUSLY FOR 15 MINUTES AND GET MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY HCI Hydrochloric Acid WARNING Causes burns Avoid contact with skin and eyes Avoid breathing vapor In case of contact immediately flush skin or eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes For eyes get immediate medical attention G Potentially Hazardous Chemicals Many potentially hazardous chemicals found in school science laboratories are included in the list in Table 3 Chemicals of dubious value because of associated hazards are marked with a single asterisk Chemicals marked with a triangle are known by the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity District staff are advised to make their own decisions about the acquisition and use of laboratory chemicals If an especia
113. Not regulated medical attention Styrene CAUTION Vapor harmful Flammable Irritating to External Flush eyes with Flammable liquid Keep eyes nose throat and water for 15 minutes away from heat and open lungs Extreme over Wash skin with soap and flame exposure results in water Use only with adequate pulmonary edema Inhalation Remove to ventilation Frequent or prolonged fresh air Avoid prolonged Avoid prolonged breathing skin contact can cause breathing Seek medical of vapor irritation and dermatitis attention Maintain Avoid prolonged or Can temporarily impair respiration repeated contact with skin nervous system Causes Internal DO NOT induce liver and kidney damage vomiting Seek medical in animals Known to attention cause damage to human 7 2SM FLAMMABLE genetic material LIQUID 3 Sulfur Combustible may be External Flush eyes with irritating to skin and mucous membranes when burned produces sulfur dioxide a toxic gas which causes choking coughing chest pain irritation to eyes and throat and can water Wash skin with soap and water Remove persons who show allergic reactions Nonfire Fire cause death at exposure levels of 500 ppm or 10 2 3 CLASS 9 greater Sulfuric Acid DANGER Causes severe Dangerously corrosive External Flush eyes with D burns Do not get in eyes on skin or on clothing In case of contact immediately flush skin or eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes
114. SS AFETY HANDBOOK California Ds Schools SCIENCE 1999 EDITION Publishing Information The Science Safety Handbook for California Public Schools 1999 Edition was developed by the Science and Environmental Education Unit California Department of Education The names of those involved in the development of the document appear in the acknowledgments This publication was edited by Sheila Bruton working in cooperation with Bill Andrews and David Hammond of the Science and Environmental Education Unit It was designed and prepared for photo offset production by the staff of CDE Press with the cover and interior design created and prepared by Juan Sanchez Typesetting was done by Jeannette Huff It was published by the Department of Education 721 Capitol Mall Sacramento California mailing address P O Box 944272 Sacramento CA 94244 2720 It was distributed under the provisions of the Library Distribution Act and Government Code Section 11096 O 1999 by the California Department of Education All rights reserved ISBN 0 8011 1445 4 Ordering Information Copies of this publication are available for 17 50 each plus shipping and handling charges California residents are charged sales tax Orders may be sent to CDE Press Sales Office California Department of Education P O Box 271 Sacramento CA 95812 0271 FAX 916 323 0823 See page 179 for complete information on payment including credit card purchases and an
115. Task Eorce 1995 dad ai 1500 Independent Study Operations Manual 2000 Edition 30 1258 Industrial and Technology Education Career Path Guide and Model Curriculum Standards 1996 sss 17 00 1442 Joining Hands Preparing Teachers to Make Meaningful Home School Connections 1998 sess 13 25 1066 Literature for Science and Mathematics Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve 1993 P 1457 Mathematics Content Standards for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve 1999 8 50 1474 Mathematics Framework for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve 1999 sss 17 50 1065 Physical Education Framework for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve 1994 7 15 1289 Program Guidelines for Students Who Are Visually Impaired 1997 Revised Edition 10 00 1502 Programs for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students Guidelines for Quality Standards 2000 sss 12 00 Other titles in the Challenge Toolkit series are Outline for Assessment and Accountability Plans item no 1300 Safe and Healthy Schools item no 1299 School Facilities item no 1294 Site Based Decision Making item no 1295 Service Learning item no 1291 Student Activities item no 1292 and Student Learning Plans item no 1296 Call 1 800 995 4099 for prices and shipping charges
116. VE 8 Corrosive Caustic inorganic base gas and vapor toxic strong eye lung and skin irritant Edema of mucous membranes and lungs results from inhalation of high concentrations of gas External Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water In the event of spillage neutralize with vinegar or dilute acetic acid Internal Do not use emetics Give water to dilute Remove to fresh air Seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees 47 Name and NFPA Symbol TABLE 3 Continued Label Hazard First Aid Ammonium Nitrate ata ale Nonfire Fire Oxidizer 3 1 2 OXIDIZER 5 1 Will decompose above 160 C 320 F It produces explosive gas eous substances espe cially when confined in a closed container Oxidizer Toxic by ingestion inhala tion and skin contact Eye and respiratory irritant If exposed to products of combustion seek immedi ate medical attention External Irrigate eyes and skin for 15 minutes for eyes contact doctor Internal If conscious induce vomiting seek immediate medical attention Ammonium Persulfate Oxidizer 2 1
117. a A After inhalation exposure of 6 7 hours per day 5 days per week for a significant portion of a lifetime to dosages of less than 10 mg m B After repeated skin application of less than 300 mg kg of body weight per week or Appendix B 117 C After oral dosages of less than 50 mg kg of body weight per day c Exposure limits For laboratory uses of Ca OSHA regulated substances the employer shall ensure that laboratory employees exposures to such substances do not exceed the exposure limits specified in Title 8 California Code of Regulations Group 16 Section 5139 et seq of the General Industry Safety Orders d Employee exposure determination 1 Initial monitoring The employer shall measure the employee s exposure to any substance regulated by a standard which requires monitoring if there is reason to believe that exposure levels for that substance exceed the action level or in the absence of an action level the exposure limit 2 Periodic monitoring If the initial monitoring prescribed by subsection 5191 d 1 discloses employee exposure over the action level or in the absence of an action level the exposure limit the employer shall immediately comply with the exposure monitoring provisions of the relevant regulation 3 Termination of monitoring Monitoring may be terminated in accordance with the relevant regulation 4 Employee notification of monitoring results The employer
118. a radiation G M detectors are available at relatively low cost assistance in choosing the correct instrument can be provided by DOHS or a competent health physicist Orders for procurement of radioisotopes whether in exempt amounts or as allowed by specific license must be approved by the appropriate school site administrator and school district staff member On receipt of the material the teacher or designated radiation safety officer RSO must take the following steps Carefully inspect the package for damage before opening it f there is no damage open the package inspect the contents and compare the contents with the packing slip f there are any indications of external damage or contamination of the packing material or if the contents do not match the packing slip notify the vendor immediately and request disposal instruc tions In the interim place the package and contents in a plastic bag seal and store the bag and monitor the storage area for contamination All schools in which radioactive materials are used must provide a secure storage location The location must be kept locked when not in use and access must be limited to designated persons only The room must be properly posted and accurate records maintained of each isotope or source Records must include the type and quantity of isotope date of assay date of receipt and usage information No more than ten scheduled quantities of isotopes may be sto
119. a that has the following charac teristics Q The area is clean and orderly Q A telephone is readily available Q A current list of emergency telephone numbers is posted Emergency procedures are up to date and posted An appropriate first aid kit is available An appropriate spill kit is available Safety equipment and supplies goggles aprons face shield fire blanket fire extinguisher eye wash spill pillow and if appropriate deluge shower safety shields and fume hood are avail able and functional Q There are no chemicals in storage that have been designated unsafe for school laboratory use see Tables 1 and 2 A Only chemicals that are used are stored chemicals not needed have been disposed of Q Chemicals on hand will be consumed essentially within the next year except for unlimited shelf life items such as iron filings Q Chemicals are arranged for storage in compatible groups Q Chemicals are properly labeled and stored in appropriate containers C A material safety data sheet MSDS is on file for each chemical that is received in the normal course DODO E Steps for Establishing a Safer Chemicals Storage Area 33 m DODO L of the school year and is made accessible to A A storage cabinet for flammables is on site and is teachers and students for review appropriately used There is a continual up to date inventory of all C Poisons are secured chemicals including
120. able liquids In those cases bottles should not be used near open flames 2 On inserting glass tubing into a rubber stopper or tubing observe the following precautions Never attempt to insert glass tubing that has a jagged edge Fire polish the edge if possible Otherwise bevel the edge with a file wire gauze or emery cloth Always aim the glass tubing away from the palm of the hand that holds the stopper or rubber tubing Use water soap solution glycerin or petro leum jelly as a lubricant and gently press the tube into the hole with a twisting motion Expand the rubber stopper by using an appropriate size cork borer prior to insertion Lubrication is still necessary Always hold glass tubing as close as possible to the part that is entering the rubber stopper Lessen the chance of injury from broken tubing by wrapping a cloth around the hand or around the tubing at the point of contact with the hand Do not grasp a thistle tube by the bowl when inserting the thistle tube into a rubber stop per Grasp only by the tubing as close as possible to where the glass tubing enters the stopper 3 Exercise care so that any hose connections be tween burners and gas outlets are protected from pinching or from being pulled away from the outlet 30 Chapter 5 Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory 4 Use the stationary or portable fume hood when potentially hazardous vapors or gaseous sub stances are used or produc
121. above is imperfect If blood typing or other microscopic analysis of fresh human blood is permitted by the school district and is to be conducted in the classroom the blood sampling must be done pursuant to the district s ECP In the absence of more specific procedures the blood sampling should be accom plished as follows On a voluntary basis Only by those student volunteers who bring a permission note signed by a parent Performed by the volunteer from herself or himself In a manner consistent with the school s exposure control plan Several days before providing the opportunity for voluntary blood sampling by students discuss with the students the techniques they will learn Emphasize that for most students this is a per fectly safe procedure except for possible infec 22 Chapter 4 Safety in the Biology Laboratory tion from someone else s blood discuss the risks for hemophiliacs and others Emphasize also that the results of the tests are not to be considered valid for diagnostic purposes Explain to the class that students must not partici pate in the blood sampling if they have any known medical problem especially any of the following conditions Diabetes Excessive bleeding characteristic of hemo philiacs and users of prescribed drugs that lengthen clotting time such as Coumadin or drugs prescribed for a heart condition Hepatitis during the preceding year If hepatitis B or C is involv
122. ace Teachers General Safety Precautions D Chemical Health Hazards 31 shields and safety shields for protection The size of apparatus and quantities of reagents used in demonstrations should be consistent with safety for example whenever potentially hazardous products such as H CL Br L PO and CO may be generated Water should never be added to concentrated acids To dilute acids add the concentrated acid in small quantities to the water stirring constantly Use heat resistant glassware for this procedure Table tops should be protected from extreme heat by using insulation under burners or heated objects Do not use asbestos insulation unless fibers are bonded in a hard material such as in the frequently used building boards Broken or chipped boards should be discarded Only small quantities of red amorphous phospho rus should be made available for students use When phosphorus burns it produces toxic phos phorus pentoxide Red phosphorus fires are very difficult to extinguish Red phosphorus resublimes as white phosphorus White phosphorus may ignite on contact with air at 30 C and should be disposed of by following the guidelines in section E step 2 After receiving approval from your local air quality regulatory agency completely burn resi dues of red phosphorus in the fume hood before depositing them in the waste jar Each science teacher should be prepared to act deliberately and intellig
123. activities safely and effectively Failure to implement the procedures increases the relative degree of liability of school districts and individuals TU QOL ue TEA 20 66 9suojov v67 FONT I SSe D OT ppeone v 68 SIJON ajqojivan afiy amp npquoduoo 1013990 sspbj9 Aiyubong 42utD uo2 amp unq aumu paunbop SASW 4248 298D40 g 238D410 g p4vzoH Jo adk uougpaju22u02 joomuay amq Aq po1edoud amp 1ojuoAu eq uoo Jooyss AIOJUIAUT eorum q ojdureg IN XiaNaddVy 161 APPENDIX N DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HAZARD CLASSES The U S Department of Transportation DOT has completed a list of materials that are designated as hazard ous for the purpose of transportation of those materials in commerce The list labeled Hazardous Materials Table in the Code of Federal Regulations Title 49 Transportation specifies for each listed material a hazard class or division within the class that affects the required packaging mailing and labeling of the material The hazard class specification is important to anyone who will be shipping those materials either for initial use or for disposal In this publication the hazard class division for each chemical listed in Table 3 Hazardous Chemicals Reference Table is noted in the column titled Label The hazard groups include explosives combustible liquids compressed gases corrosives flammable gases fl
124. ad previously demonstrated and properly instructed all the students concerning the method and danger involved The student attempted to force the glass tubing into the stopper and was injured when the tubing snapped and went through the palm of his hand During a physics lab a teacher stepped out of the classroom for a few minutes to obtain a reference book from the library In his absence a serious accident occurred Ona field trip a science teacher led his students across a precarious looking footbridge The bridge collapsed causing serious injury to several students 109 5 Ateacher asked two students to clean a chemical stockroom warning them of an unlabeled jar of acid on a high shelf A scuffle caused the acid to fall and the students were seriously burned A student was sent to the drugstore in his own car to purchase some hydrogen peroxide While returning he hit another car when he ran a red light He had no insurance and the accident victim sued the teacher A student was asked to water the plants in the green house lab adjoining the botany classroom The student carried a glass full of water tried to climb a chair and was seriously injured when the chair collapsed The chair was in good repair Three students in a chemistry class were making up a lab exercise on the preparation and properties of oxygen The teacher told them to gather the materials necessary to the experiment and to follow the safety d
125. ainer has been shipped The generator shall maintain this information on site for three years 174 SELECTED REFERENCES Note Procedures discussed in this handbook involve potential dangers to persons animals and other living things and therefore should be performed only by persons who are technically trained and qualified SIDONIA QHIOTI34G SELECTED REFERENCES Accrocco J O and R A Roy Right to Know Pocket Guide for School and University Employees Schenectady N Y Genium Publishing Corp 1990 Excellent quick reference for addressing right to know guidelines and requirements Benedict R New Chemicals for Old Preserving the Student Laboratory Experiment St Paul Minnesota Depart ment of Education 1987 Byrnes J K Eyewear Contact Lenses Are Dangerous in the Laboratory Campus Safety Newsletter Fall 1988 Discusses some of the hazards of wearing contact lenses in science settings and some considerations in their use Byrnes J K Eyewear Meets the Challenge Safety and Health Vol 134 No 3 March 1989 64 67 69 Answers many of the questions concerning safety goggles face shields and other science laboratory eyewear Cronin Jones L Is Your School a Dumping Ground The Science Teacher Vol 59 October 1992 26 31 Excellent article discussing the problems associated with storage of chemicals in schools and options for disposal DiBerardinis L J an
126. ake and promulgate and may thereafter modify amend or rescind reasonable rules and regulations to carry out the purposes of this chapter including the control of the humane use of animals for the diagnosis and treatment of human and animal diseases for research in the advancement of veterinary dental medical and biologic sciences for research in animal and human nutrition and for the testing and diagnosis improvement and standardization of laboratory specimens biologic products pharmaceuticals and drugs Such rules and regulations shall include requirements for satisfactory shelter food sanitation record keeping and for the humane treatment of animals by persons authorized by the board to raise keep or to use animals under the provision of this chapter The department shall not make or promulgate any rule compelling the delivery of animals for the purpose of research demonstration diagnosis or experimentation 1662 The department is hereby authorized to inspect any premises or property on or in which animals are kept for experimental or diagnostic purposes for the purpose of investigation of compliance with the rules and regulations adopted hereunder Such inspection or other method of control shall be enforced only by employees of the depart ment and such power and authority may not be delegated to any other persons or agency Retrograde Material 25121 5 Retrograde material means any hazardous material which
127. ake their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees 58 TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Isobutyl Alcohol Flammable liquid Flammable Mildly irritating External Rinse eyes with to skin eyes and mucous water Wash skin with membranes soap and water Mildly toxic Internal Maintain respiration Seek 7 1 or 2S 3 FLAMMABLE immediate medical LIQUID 3 attention Isopropyl Alcohol Flammable liquid Flammable Toxic by External Eye irritant ingestion and inhalation Irrigate eyes with water 7 1 or 2S 1 FLAMMABLE Internal Seek medical LIQUID 3 attention Kerosene Flammable liquid Flammable Irritating to External Wash skin with skin Can cause infection soap and water High concentrations of Internal Do not give xa 7 1 or 2S 3 FLAMMABLE vapors are toxic emetics Seek immediate e LIQUID 3 medical attention A Lead Avoid breathing dust Toxic poison is cumulative External Wash skin with Dust very harmful to water Seek immediate kidneys blood and medical attention nervous system Harms male and female reproductive systems and the developing fetus 1 2 3 POISON Not regulated Known carcinogen A Lead Carbonate Avoid breathing dust Toxic by inhalation and Inhalation Move t
128. al powder Moderately toxic by External Irrigate eyes with ingestion Inhalation of water for at least 15 min dust may cause pulmonary utes Flush skin with damage Ingestion of water Remove contami soluble salts produces nated clothing and shoes nausea and vomiting by Internal If inhaled move local irritation Powder victim to fresh air If may cause dermatitis breathing has stopped Powdered cobalt ignites begin artificial respiration spontaneously in air If ingested give large flammable when exposed amounts of water and to heat or flames induce vomiting If victim is unconscious or having convulsions keep warm Seek immediate medical 1 1 3 Not regulated attention Cobalt Chloride Hygroscopic keep tightly Moderately toxic by inges External irrigate eyes with hexahydrate closed tion causes pain vomit water for at least 15 min 10 1 2 Not regulated ing diarrhea Causes blood damage Contact causes eye irritation and may cause skin rash When heated to decomposi tion emits toxic fumes of chloride utes Flush skin with water Remove contami nated clothing and shoes Internal If inhaled move victim to fresh air If breathing has stopped begin artificial respiration If ingested give large amounts of water and induce vomiting If victim is unconscious or having convulsions keep warm Seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised
129. ammable liquids flammable solids and poisons Excerpts from the Code of Federal Regulations Title 49 Chapter 1 October 1 1993 edition defining those groups are as follows 173 50 Class 1 Definitions a Explosive An explosive means any substance or article including a device which is designed to function by explosion i e an extremely rapid release of gas and heat or which by chemical reaction within itself is able to function in a similar manner even if not designed to function by explosion b Explosives in Class 1 are divided into six divisions as follows 1 Division 1 1 consists of explosives that have a mass explosion hazard A mass explosion is one which affects almost the entire load instantaneously 2 Division 1 2 consists of explosives that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard 3 Division 1 3 consists of explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection hazard or both but not a mass explosion hazard 4 Division 1 4 consists of explosives that present a minor explosion hazard The explosive effects are largely confined to the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected An external fire must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the package 5 Division 1 5 consists of very insensitive explosives This division is comprised of substances which have a ma
130. ances Control Regional Offices eese eene 158 L Science Laboratory Safety Liability Checklist eee 159 M Sample Chemical Inventory votando iii eet P epe 161 N Department of Transportation Hazard Classes oooonnconiconoccnocnnocononononocnnanancnnn crono nono cn nccnncnnnos 162 O Carcinogen Report of Use Form essere ettet nent en terere nnne 164 P Sample Physical Science Laboratory Regulations eee 167 Q Safety Precautions for Rocket Launchings on School Sites sss 170 R Sample Permission Slip Field Trip eese nennen 172 S Outbreaks of Coccidioidomycosis Associated with Field Work sess 173 T Disposal of Empty Containers ci innie idan eina e aen ei ethernet enne 174 Selected Referentes estatal dad 175 List of Tables 1 Explosive Chemicals a 25 26 24 m A EEE R a E EEE attic 33 2 Extremely Hazardous Chemicals for Prompt Disposal eene 39 3 Hazardous Chemicals Reference Table sees 46 4 Recommended Supplies of Safety Devices for Eyes seen 86 5 Effects of Some Poisonous Plants csccscessceseseesaceeceeeseoceescenssecteceetesecessotesoctteerteeeness 90 PREFACE The Science Safety Handbook for California Public Schools has been prepared to help science teachers administrators and other school staff members understand
131. and g 1 Labels and Signs shall take effect 120 days after the effective date of this standard j Appendix Appendix A to this section is incorporated as a part of this section and the provision is mandatory Appendix A Hepatitis B Vaccine Declination MANDATORY The employer shall assure that employees who decline to accept hepatitis B vaccination offered by the employer sign the following statement as required by subsection MAD I understand that due to my occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials I may be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus HBV infection I have been given the opportunity to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine at no charge to myself However I decline hepatitis B vaccination at this time I understand that by declining this vaccine I continue to be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B a serious disease If in the future I continue to have occupa tional exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials and I want to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine I can receive the vaccination series at no charge to me Hazard Communication Material Safety Data Sheets 5194 See Chapter 5 Section E for information about meeting the requirements of this section Ed b Scope and Application 1 This section requires all employers to provide information to their employees about the hazardous sub stances to which they may be exposed by means of a haza
132. and avoid situations in which accidents might occur in the science laboratories or on field trips and outdoor education experiences However no publication can completely describe the procedures for ensuring safety under all condi tions and in all situations therefore the authors editorial staff and publisher cannot be responsible for errors in publication or for any consequences arising from the use of the information published in this handbook The suggestions contained in this publication are generally agreed upon and are recom mended for consideration by all California science teachers Because this publication has been pre pared for statewide distribution not all of the recommended policies are appropriate for adoption in all school districts The ideas presented may be adapted to meet the needs of teachers and students in each district This publication is designed for use by laboratory instructors and therefore provides minimal information directed to students parents and administrators about the safety procedures necessary in the science laboratory Some materials such as parental consent forms and sample student safety contracts have been included in the appendixes to help teachers communicate with other audiences SONIA HERNANDEZ ROBERT A CERVANTES Deputy Superintendent Administrator Curriculum and Instructional Academic Support Office Leadership Branch STUART GREENFELD WILLIAM H ANDREWS Assistant Superintendent Consultant
133. and conservation of resources including the necessity for the protection of our environment and health including venereal disease and the effects of alcohol narcotics drugs and tobacco upon the human body The health instruction may include prenatal care for pregnant women and violence as a public health issue Use of Animals in Public Instruction 51540 Treatment of Animals In the public elementary and high schools or in public elementary and high school school sponsored activities and classes held elsewhere than on school premises live vertebrate animals shall not as part of a scientific experi ment or any purpose whatever a Be experimentally medicated or drugged in a manner to cause painful reactions or induce painful or lethal pathological conditions b Be injured through any other treatments including but not limited to anesthetization or electric shock Live animals on the premises of a public elementary or high school shall be housed and cared for in a humane and safe manner The provisions of this section are not intended to prohibit or constrain vocational instruction in the normal practices of animal husbandry California Code of Regulations Title 8 General Industry Safety Orders Ventilation Requirements for Laboratory Type Hood Operations 5154 1 Laboratory Type Hood A device enclosed except for necessary exhaust purposes on three sides and top and bottom designed to draw air inward by mean
134. and several liability but are a way of informing parents that safety procedures exist at school and are a part of the students safety training Consent forms should be considered contracts for partnership not abdication of control Parents are welcome in the science laboratories just as they are in other classes Of course they will have to wear protective goggles and follow other safety procedures expected of the students Parents are encouraged to support the school science program and to reinforce the curricular objectives of the course through family activities such as museum visits field trips and so on Parents of students participating in science fairs should expect to work with the teacher to ensure that safety procedures are understood and adhered to by all B Reasonable Laboratory Class Size No current legal mandate prescribes special limits on class size in science laboratories The Uniform Fire Code classifies science laboratory classes as academic subjects and specifies 20 square feet per student as a minimum standard in contrast to a vocational educa tion class for which the requirement is 50 square feet per student In reality more than 20 square feet per B Reasonable Laboratory Class Size 3 pupil are required for hands on laboratory science activities That criterion is reflected in California Code of Regulations Title 2 Section 1811 g 2 which requires the state architect to design laboratory class ro
135. are not to be used in schools Petroleum ether is not herewith restricted because it is not a true ether Storage and Inventory 1 Date each container when received 2 Use oldest cans first 3 Use the entire can of ether as soon as possible after the seal is broken 4 Never store ether in a glass container 5 Never store diethyl ether for more than 12 months 6 Store ether in a cool dark location 7 Never store ether in a refrigerator unless the refrigerator is certified explosion proof 8 Never open a container of ether if the age or condition is uncertain Any shock or vigorous motion might cause an explosion Do not open the cap or stopper because the motion might be sufficient to cause an explosion Use of Ether in the Classroom 1 Use only when no alternative solvent is available 2 Never have an open flame or spark source in a room in which ether is being used Keep the work area well ventilated Use minimal quantities 5 Remember that ether vapor is heavier than air The hazardous area is made greater because vapors spread along the floor Ether Spills Ventilate and evacuate the area DR Disposal of Ether 1 To dispose of any old rusty swollen or suspect container of diethyl ether immediately call the appropriate school district staff member or your local fire or county sheriff s department noted on the inside front cover of this handbook 2 To dispose of diethyl ether less than 1
136. arge tanks with strong nylon straps or heavy duty chains 2 5 b Use wires or other barriers to restrain objects from falling from open shelving and 2 c c Store chemicals in unbreakable containers and in accordance with the compatibility system prescribed in this handbook see Chapter 5 section E step 7 or a similar Additional help from the janitor or maintenance person may be needed system to reduce the possible occurrence of incompatible mixtures 2 d and 2 e 3 Windows If the windows are not made of safety glass a protective transparent film may be applied to reduce the danger of flying glass and provide an additional security measure against break ins 3 Phase 3 Emergency Response Plan ERP In response to the Statutes of 1984 Chapter 1659 see relevant Education Code sections in Appendix B most schools have already developed an earthquake emergency procedure system that includes but is not limited to the following A school building disaster plan A duck cover and hold drill students duck under their desks cover their neck and head and hold onto a leg of the desk Protective measures to be taken before during and after an earthquake Atraining program for students and staff on the earthquake emergency procedure system See Phase 2 step one for more details on proce dures specific to earthquake awareness in science instructional areas Schools should also have in their po
137. articles and the surface or item is rendered safe for handling use or disposal Decontamination includes procedures regulated by Health and Safety Code Section 25090 Engineering Controls means controls e g sharps disposal containers self sheathing needles that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogens hazard from the work place Exposure Incident means a specific eye mouth other mucous membrane non intact skin or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee s duties Handwashing Facilities means a facility providing an adequate supply of running potable water soap and single use towels or hot air drying machines HB V means hepatitis B virus HIV means human immunodeficiency virus Occupational Exposure means reasonably anticipated skin eye mucous membrane or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials that may result from the performance of an employee s duties One Hand Technique means a procedure wherein the needle of a reusable syringe is capped in a sterile manner during use The technique employed shall require the use of only the hand holding the syringe so that the free hand is not exposed to the uncapped needle Other Potentially Infectious Materials means 1 The following human body fluids semen vaginal secretions cerespinal fluid synovial fluid pleural
138. as bam a change wre the previous name edeireus reper number L ESI OAA OL Eo UOoO L SLOLLLLLLL OeOO L LL OUL LL EeLAeL SALLL LIELILLLL e SSS Original signatures and tile ol re sponsibxe reprasonialiwa Date Lagibily print name please Gonnilnumd on mos sita 1 CIDSHA 153A February1995 Provide the name s of each carcinogen and a brief description of the way in which the regulated carcinogen s or carcinogen containing product s is are manufactured processed handled used stored repackaged or transported The name and address of each workplace in plant location in which the carcinogen s is are present in accor dance with that carcinogen s subsection A brief description of each process or operation which may result in employee s exposure to the carcinogen s a Include the number of employees engaged in each process or operation b Estimate the frequency and level of exposure to the employee s during each process or operation The name and address of any collective bargaining representative s or other representatives of the affected employees For carcinogen s listed under the sections that you are reporting as used please refer to the regulations regarding the quantity of the carcinogen used and the frequency of employee exposure Nature of Business Indicate the industry and principal product s Examples agriculture pesticides construc tion manufacturing mining transportati
139. assifiable about its carcinoge nicity in humans Agents are placed in this group when they do not fall into any other group Group 4 agent that is probably not carcinogenic to humans used when the evidence suggests its lack of carcinogenicity in both humans and experimental animals California Health and Welfare Agency California H and W An X marked in this column denotes a substance whose characteristics match one or more of the following criteria 1 the substance has been shown through scientifically valid testing to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity 2 an authoritative body such as the U S Environmental Protection Agency U S Food and Drug Administration IARC National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH or NTP has identified the substance as causing cancer or reproductive toxicity or 3 a state or federal agency has required the substance to be identified as causing cancer or reproductive toxicity See California Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 12000 Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity If any of the chemicals in Table 2 are found in your school laboratory they should be removed from the premises promptly by following the procedures specified in this handbook A single safe and practical storage compatibility system must be agreed on and used by all site staff A mix of systems on one site could prov
140. at Adequate ventilation should be provided whenever preservative fumes are present Approved goggles must be worn during dissec tions Preferably dissection would be carried out only by those students who have obtained a permission note signed by a parent N Insect Killing Jars 27 Teachers will find the following publications helpful in planning and conducting their dissection activities Planning and Managing Dissection Laboratories Arlington Va National Science Teachers Asso ciation 1994 The Responsible Use of Animals in Biology Class rooms Including Alternatives to Dissection Reston Va National Association of Biology Teachers 1990 L Alternatives to Dissection Students in kindergarten through grade twelve have the right to refrain from participating in activities that they feel would constitute harmful and destruc tive use of animals pursuant to Education Code Section 32255 et seq When courses require the use of live or dead animals or parts of animals students must be notified of their rights A student s objections must be substantiated by a note from his or her parent or guardian The teacher may develop an alternative educational project of comparable time and effort or excuse the student from the project The pre and postdissection activities may consti tute appropriate assignments which could be pursued in greater depth as alternative activities for all stu dents Alter
141. ate data on human toxicity 1 Is presumed to be toxic to humans because it falls within any one of the following categories when tested on laboratory animals whenever possible animal test data that has been reported in the chemical literature should be used 1 Oral Toxicity A liquid with an LD50 for acute oral toxicity of not more than 500 mg kg or a solid with an LD50 for acute oral toxicity of not more than 200 mg kg ii Dermal Toxicity A material with an LD50 for acute dermal toxicity of not more than 1000 mg kg iii Inhalation Toxicity A A dust or mist with an LC50 for acute toxicity on inhalation of not more than 10 mg L or B a material with a saturated vapor concentration in air at 20 C 68 F of more than one fifth of the LC50 for acute toxicity on inhalation of vapors of not more than 5000 ml m3 or 2 Is an irritating material with properties similar to tear gas which causes extreme irritation especially in confined spaces Division 6 2 infectious substance means a viable microorganism or its toxin which causes or may cause disease in humans or animals 173 401 173 48 Class 7 Radioactive 173 136 Class 8 corrosive material Class 8 means a liquid or solid that causes visible destruction or irreversible alterations in human skin tissue at the site of contact or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum 173 140 Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous
142. atory equipment is not permitted 15 Students are not permitted in laboratory storage rooms or teachers workrooms without the approval of the teacher Handling Equipment 16 Inform the teacher immediately of any equipment not working properly 17 Report broken glassware including thermometers to the instructor immediately 18 Operate electrical equipment only in a dry area and with dry hands 19 When removing an electrical plug from its socket pull the plug not the electrical cord 20 When heating material in a test tube do not look into the mouth of the tube or point it in the direction of any person during the process 21 When working with lasers or apparatus that produce X rays microwaves or ultraviolet rays make certain that proper shielding and other precautions are used 22 Know the location and operation of the emergency shower eyewash and facewash fountain fire blanket fire extinguisher fire alarm box and exits 23 Light gas burners only as instructed by the teacher Be sure no volatile materials such as alcohol or acetone are being used nearby 24 Use a burner with extreme caution Keep your head and clothing away from the flame and turn it off when not in use 168 Appendix P 25 26 27 28 29 Use a fire blanket to extinguish any flame on a person see stop drop and roll procedure in Chapter 2 section C Use the fume hood whenev
143. ause severe tissue burns especially destructive to eye tissue and bronchial spasms Asphyxiants Carbon monoxide carbon dioxide cyanide and cyanogen compounds reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood stop oxidation in tissues through destruction of en zymes and displace atmospheric oxygen Carbon monoxide Prolonged exposure renders the hemoglobin of red blood cells ineffective for the transport of oxygen Results are toxic and may prove deadly Compounds of sulfur phosphorus nitrogen These substances corrode the skin and destroy respiratory tissues Cyanides Absorption inhalation or ingestion of cyanides produces toxic effects Esters Exposure causes tissue poisoning and irrita tion Ethers Inhalation produces a powerful narcotic effect See section I Use and Disposal of Ethers in this chapter Halogens Halogens are corrosive highly irritating to tissues Hydrocarbons Inhalation causes irritation and tissue destruction Prolonged exposure is very danger ous Chlorinated varieties form toxic phosgene gas when burned Irritants Ammonia phosphoric halides hydrogen chloride chlorine bromine and hydrogen sulfide damage respiratory tissues 32 Chapter 5 Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory Mercury The handling of mercury or inhalation of its vapors causes tissue poisoning Toxic effects are compounded with prolonged exposure Metal fumes The fumes of mercury and zinc poison tissues causin
144. by use of a new individually packaged sterile lancet Lancets are to be used one time only then discarded promptly in a container designated for that purpose by the school district s ECP The use of disposable lancets meets the require ments for this activity Each lancet should be used only once by and for one person The unbroken lancet should be discarded in the container designated for that purpose If several students in one class period wish voluntarily to draw blood samples for use by themselves each student drawing a sample must have a separate sterile lancet which is to be used to make only one puncture The surface of the finger from which the blood is to be drawn must be rubbed with sterile absorbent cotton dipped in alcohol before puncturing the skin Use a fresh piece of sterile cotton after removing blood to stop the bleeding After examining the samples standard steriliza tion and disinfection procedures must be used Glassware devices or instruments that require sterilization or disinfection should first be im mersed in a solution at least no weaker than one part bleach to 10 parts water 1 10 then thor oughly cleaned before being exposed to a germi cide the manufacturer s instruction for use of the germicide should be followed The cotton swabs should be processed as regu lated waste for either a vendor pickup by placing the waste in individual red bags prepared according to t
145. cally if the employee s expo sure level proves to be over the action level or permis sible exposure limit The results of the monitoring must be made available to the employee in writing within 15 working days Chemical Hygiene Plan If the workplace contains hazardous chemicals employers should have developed and implemented a written chemical hygiene plan CHP by October 31 1991 The purpose of the CHP is to protect employees from exposure to harmful levels of hazardous sub stances Section 5191 e The plan must be made available to employees employee representatives and on request the Chief of the Division of Occupational Safety and Health and must provide for the following actions by the employer 1 Provide standard laboratory operating procedures that are relevant to the safety and health of employees using hazardous chemicals 2 Explain control measures that reduce employees exposure to hazardous chemicals for example engineering controls protective equipment and hygiene practices 3 Provide properly functioning fume hoods and biological safety cabinets that comply with sections 5154 1 and 5154 2 see Appendix B and check them regularly to ensure proper and ad equate performance 4 Provide each employee with information and training about the CHP and all hazardous chemi cals in the workplace at the time of an employee s initial assignment and each time a new hazardous substance is used The frequency of the
146. cathode rays carry an electric charge and can be deflected by a magnetic field This tube consists of an evacuated glass cylinder with an G Ionizing Radiation 95 electrode at each end An aluminum strip coated with a fluorescent material is positioned between the elec trodes and a collimating slit is at the cathode end In a magnetic field the luminous line caused by electron bombardment of the fluorescent strip moves up or down according to the polarity of the magnet The shadow or fluorescence effect tube demon strates that cathode ray energy may be converted into visible radiation by fluorescence of the glass walls of the tube resulting from electron bombardment A metallic object such as a Maltese cross is placed in a Crookes tube so that its shadow can be cast on the glass wall of the tube By observing this shadow one can see that the cathode rays producing this pattern travel in straight lines The following conclusions may be drawn about X ray production from the cathode ray tubes 1 X ray output is sporadic Under identical condi tions of operation output may vary from one tube to another or from the same tube from day to day 2 Gas pressure within the tube is one of the control ling factors in X ray production If there is sufficient gas present the accelerated electrons will collide with gas atoms and therefore never gain enough energy to produce X rays 3 Tube composition plays an important part in prod
147. cautions are intended for laboratory activities involving any bacteria or fungi Even nonpathogenic microorganisms can cause disease if they enter the body accidentally This danger is especially true if the human system is immuno suppressed because of HIV intake of drugs and so forth 5 To sterilize plates before cleaning or disposal follow these steps a Autoclave the unopened plates in the usual manner Usually steaming under pressure of 15 pounds per square inch for 15 to 20 minutes kills the majority of microbes However if you are trying to sterilize soil samples or large volumes of culture continue with the procedure described below b Wait one day for any resistant spores to leave the resting stage and begin to grow Sterilize a second time Wait one day Sterilize a third time Note All resistant spores should by now be killed The plate may be safely opened for cleaning or discarded in the regular trash E Special Concerns in the Study of Fungi and Molds Whenever agar plates are inoculated with soil or plant material or exposed to the air inside or outside a building there is the strong possibility that fungi molds will grow on the surface of the plates and form aerial hyphae At the tips of these hyphae chains of conidia spores will form the conidia are often colored These conidia are easily dislodged by air currents and can be rapidly spread through a room when the lid of the petri dish is
148. ceful stream of water may further injure the burned skin for at least 10 minutes Remove clothing from the affected area while the skin is being flushed Some chemical containers may suggest other helpful first aid measures on the label those may be used for that particular chemical Do not attempt to neutralize any chemical by doing so you may cause further chemical reaction and more damage Apply a dressing and obtain medical aid by following the serious injury or illness routine Chemical Burns of the Eye See section D Eye Injuries in this chapter Nonchemical Burns of the Skin The degree or extent of burns and the percentage of skin surface involved usually determine the first aid measures to be used In general adults who have suffered burns over 10 percent of their body surface or a child with 2 percent to 10 percent burns require hospitalization Burns on the face suggest possible injury to the respiratory tract and may obstruct breath ing as facial swelling increases Prompt medical attention is imperative First degree burns mean minor burns such as those resulting from overexposure to the sun or from light contact with a hot object The usual signs are redness or discoloration together with mild swelling and pain First aid includes cool water applications or submersion of the burned area in cool water for no longer than 10 minutes to stop the burning process Follow with a dry dressing if necessary Seco
149. ces identified as carcino gens under subsection 5194 d 4 shall be listed if the concentrations are 0 1 or greater b The chemical and common name s and CAS number s of all ingredients which comprise less than 196 0 1 for carcinogens of the mixture if there is evidence that the ingredient s could be released from the mixture in concentrations which would exceed an established OSHA permissible exposure limit or ACGIH Threshold Limit Value or could present a health hazard to employees and c The chemical common name s and CAS number s of all ingredients which have been determined to present a physical hazard when present in the mixture B Physical and chemical properties of the hazardous substance such as vapor pressure flashpoint C The physical hazards of the hazardous substance including the potential for fire explosion and reactivity D The health hazards of the hazardous substance including signs and symptoms of exposure and any medical conditions which are generally recognized as being aggra vated by exposure to the substance E The potential route s of entry Appendix B 129 F The OSHA permissible exposure limit ACGIH Threshold Limit Value and any other exposure limit used or recommended by the manufacturer importer or employer preparing the material safety data sheet where available G Whether the hazardous substance is listed in the National Toxicology Program NTP Sixth Annua
150. ces unless they choose not to rely on the evaluation performed by the manufacturer or importer for the substance to satisfy this requirement emphasis added e Written Hazard Communication Program 1 Employers shall develop implement and maintain at the workplace a written hazard communication program for their employees which at least describes how the criteria specified in sections 5194 f g and h for labels and other forms of warning material safety data sheets and employee information and training will be met and which also includes the following A Alist of the hazardous substances known to be present using an identity that is referenced on the appropri ate material safety data sheet the list may be compiled for the workplace as a whole or for individual work areas B The methods the employer will use to inform employees of the hazards of nonroutine tasks for example the cleaning of reactor vessels and the hazards associated with substances contained in unlabeled pipes in their work areas 2 the written hazard communication program shall include the methods employers will use to inform any employers sharing the same work area of the hazardous substances to which their employees may be exposed while performing their work and any suggestions for appropriate protective measures 3 The employer shall make the written hazard communication program available upon request to employ ees th
151. cian which shall include the following 1 Any recommendation for further medical follow up 2 The results of the medical examination and any associated tests 3 Any medical condition which may place the employee at increased risk and 4 A statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the results of the consultation or medical examination and any medical condition that may require further examination or treatment B The written opinion shall not reveal specific findings of diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposure h Hazard identification 1 With respect to labels and material safety data sheets A Employers shall ensure that labels on incoming containers of hazardous chemicals are not removed or defaced B Employers shall maintain in the workplace any material safety data sheets that are received and ensure that they are readily accessible to laboratory employees 1 Use of respirators Where the use of respirators is necessary to maintain exposure below permissible exposure limits the employer shall provide at no cost to the employee the proper respiratory equipment j Recordkeeping 1 The employer shall establish and maintain for each employee an accurate record of any measurements taken to monitor employee exposures and any medical consultation and examinations including tests or written opinions required by this regulation 2 The em
152. cid WARNING Causes burns This chemical is dangerous External In case of at Avoid contact with skin and eyes Avoid breathing vapor In case of contact immediately flush skin or eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes for eyes get medical when inhaled swallowed or absorbed through skin contact Corrosive solution and fumes Warning causes burns Dispose of as extremely hazardous waste contact immediately flush skin or eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes for eyes get medical attention immediately Internal If ingested seek immediate medical attention attention 5 1 2 CORROSIVE 8 Hydrogen Peroxide 3 Avoid contact with eyes External Rinse with water 10 1 1 Not regulated Do not heat this substance soon after contact Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Hydrogen Peroxide CAUTION Oxidizer Strong oxidant avoid External Flush with water 35 Corrosive Strong oxidant contact with combustible Use burn ointment Seek Avoid contact with skin and materials High medical attention Remove eyes Wear rubber gloves co
153. cience teachers should be an integral part of and in compliance with their school s exposure control plan Hazard communication material safety data sheets MSDS California Code of Regulations Title 8 General Industry Safety Orders Section 5194 According to Section 5194 of the General Indus try Safety Orders laboratories not engaged in either production of hazardous substances for commercial purposes or provision of quality control analysis for production processes are partially exempt from the requirements of obtain PDA HAL MAT y MATERIA DATA SHEE de V err rt D State and Federal Legislation Affecting Science Instruction 7 ing a material safety data sheet MSDS from the manufacturer of complying with the written hazard communication program and of labeling containers except as required by other safety orders regulating labels when all the following conditions are satisfied 1 all exposed employees professional technical janitorial and mainte nance are under the direct supervision and regular observation of an individual who has knowledge of the physical and health hazards and emergency procedures involved and 2 the supervisor conveys this knowledge to employees in terms of safe work practices Such exempted laboratories must also ensure that labels of incoming containers of hazardous substances are not removed or defaced and must maintain any MSDSs that are received with incoming ship
154. collect corrosives and not suffer damage Constructed in compliance with local safety requirements Equipped with self closing doors with locks and painted with an intumescent fire resistant paint Marked in large contrasting letters CORRO SIVES ACID or other appropriate inscrip tion Flammable liquids should never be stored in open or ordinary metal cabinets Ordinary metal cabi nets provide no insulation from heat and will produce more shrapnel if an explosion occurs Cabinets approved for flammable liquids should be constructed of dense one inch plywood with a recess or pan on the floor to collect spills The cabinets should be painted with intumescent or fire resistant paint have a self closing door a positive latch and locks and be clearly marked in large contrasting letters FLAMMABLE KEEP FIRE AWAY Verify that cabinets are in compli ance with local safety requirements Spacing between containers must be adequate to ensure proper air circulation and the safe retrieval of chemicals Therefore do not overorder Extremely hazardous unlabeled or unidentifiable chemicals must not be kept in schools Follow recommended procedures for the disposal of dangerous unwanted or outdated chemicals Periodic on site inspections of chemical storage cabinets must be conducted See Appendix H Safety Checklist for Science Instruction Prepara tion and Storage Areas An updated inventory list must be ma
155. concerns Circumstances requiring eye protective devices Courses in which the eye protective devices shall be worn include but are not limited to vocational or industrial arts shops or laboratories and chemistry physics or combined chemistry physics laboratories at any time the individual is engaged in an activity or is observing the use of hazardous substances likely to cause injury to the eyes Such activity includes but is not limited to the following Working with hot metal Working with hot liquids or solids or with chemi cals that are flammable toxic corrosive to living tissues irritating strongly sensitizing or radioac tive or that generate pressure through heat decom position or other means Working with materials or equipment under stress pressure or force that might cause fragmentation including the use of hand or power tools with such hard materials as stone or metal Standards for devices The eye protective devices used shall be industrial quality devices that meet the standards of the American National Standards Institute ANSD Sale of devices If students and teachers wish to purchase their own eye protective devices the devices may be sold at a price that shall not exceed the cost of the devices to the school district Eye Protective Devices Eye protective devices vary in form and effective ness Three basic types of eye and face protection are as follows Goggles primarily intended
156. cords should never be used to connect electrical equipment permanently to the circuit If electric current is constantly used near any metal object the object should be permanently protected with an insulating cover to avoid possible contact Take care that live wires do not contact grounded metallic objects Multiple plugs shall not be used in electrical wall outlets Semipermanent electrical connections shall not be made to wall outlets Under no circumstances shall a motor requiring a starting current of more than 20 amps be connected to a wall outlet During the charging of a student made wet storage cell keep students away from the fine spray that develops It is harmful when inhaled or allowed to get on the skin or in the eyes 77 7 10 11 12 13 Teachers and students should be cautious when handling a lead acid or similar storage battery It 1s a source of danger in spite of its low voltage because of the acid it contains and because of the high current that may be drawn from it on a short circuit Storage batteries should be charged only in a well ventilated space Battery sparks have enough energy to ignite flammable vapors Hydrogen gas which is potentially explosive is produced during charging Induction coils of any type should be clearly marked for low voltage and high voltage connec tions to avoid the possibility of shocks Instructors and students should be shielded at all
157. cted If the school faculty does not include persons with training in the proper care of laboratory animals the services of such a person on a consulting basis should be sought A local veterinarian may offer this kind of help All animals used in the classroom must be law fully acquired in accordance with state and local laws All mammals used in a classroom should be inoculated for rabies unless they were purchased from a reliable scientific company All live animal studies must comply with Education Code Section 51540 see page 85 and Appendix B The following animals should never be brought into the classroom wild birds and mammals snapping turtles poisonous snakes and insects that may be carriers of disease Students should not bring their pets to the classroom unless the activity is carefully planned by the teacher and approved by the adminis trator Dead animals found by the side of the road should never be brought into the classroom because they may carry hazardous bacteria or parasites Before a suitable small animal is allowed in the classroom for observation plans should be made for the animal s proper habitat and food The living quarters of animals in the classroom must be kept clean free from contamination and secure enough to confine the animals Plans must be made for the care of classroom animals during weekends and vacation periods Animals should be handled properly according to the particular animal and only
158. d escape of waste into the environment For example waste chemicals should remain in their shelf container when placed in storage drums the chemicals themselves should be segregated for separate handling and disposal Label the containers accurately with waterproof labels Labels must specify the words Hazardous Waste the composition and physical state of the waste the hazardous properties of the waste e g flammable reactive and the name and address of the generator Include on each container the date on which the period of accumulation began Inspect the storage area weekly for deteriorating or leaking containers California Code of Regulations Title 22 sections 66265 170 66265 174 Store the drums no less than 15 meters 50 feet from property lines if the waste is ignitable or reactive California Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 66265 176 Transportation of hazardous materials or waste The Health and Safety Code Section 25163 c see Appendix B states that a person hauling hazardous waste to a permitted hazardous waste facility in quantities not exceeding five gallons or 50 pounds does not need to be registered with the California Department of Toxic Substances Control as a hazard ous waste transporter if the person meets all the following conditions 1 The hazardous wastes are transported in closed containers and packed in a manner that prevents the containers from tipping spilling or breaking durin
159. d others Guidelines for Laboratory Design Health and Safety Considerations Second edition New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc 1992 Comprehensive reference addressing laboratory design laboratory support services administrative procedures and heating ventilation and air conditioning systems Fiske J R The Chemical Hygiene Officer Piecing Together the Liability Puzzle Chemical Health and Safety Vol 1 June July 1994 12 16 Addresses many of the most common liability questions of chemical hygiene officers Fuller T C and E McClintock Poisonous Plants of California Berkeley University of California Press 1987 Gerlovich J and T Gerard Don t Let Your Hands on Science Program Blow Up in Your Face American School Board Journal Vol 176 May 1989 40 41 Excellent article outlining the necessity for cooperative efforts between the administration and teachers to ensure a safe science teaching and learning environ ment Guide to Hazardous Substances Reporting Requirements Sacramento California Environmental Protection Agency 1991 Guidelines for Self Assessment of High School Science Programs Revised edition Arlington Va National Science Teachers Association 1989 Provides science teachers with a tool for assessing working conditions Guidelines for Self Assessment of Middle Junior High School Science Programs Revised edition Arlington Va National Science Teachers Ass
160. d papain 5 Place an ice pack on the sting Do not put ice directly on the skin Use an ice bag or wrap ice in a cloth 6 Seek medical evaluation if the swelling becomes severe Observe for infection especially if stung by a wasp or yellow jacket both of which are known to carry bacteria Mammal Bites There is danger of infection and rabies from the bites of all warm blooded animals Students should be advised not to approach strange dogs and other ani mals especially a familiar pet that is acting peculiarly Bats and skunks that are active in daytime must be considered rabid C Burns 11 First aid treatment consists of washing and flushing out the wounds thoroughly with strong warm soap or detergent solution as quickly as possible Continue the washing for at least 10 minutes The value of this procedure is greatest when performed during the first hour or two Refer to parents for medical follow up Catch the animal if that is deemed safe to do and obtain information on the animal Then call the local animal control agency Because heat sources and corrosive chemicals are used in many laboratory science activities there is the potential for burns to occur from either source If someone is burned the following procedures are appropriate Chemical Burns of the Skin usually from strong acids or alkalies This kind of burn needs to be washed with large amounts of water Use a shower or hose at low pres sure a for
161. d place the clothing in a plastic bag labeled 14 Chapter 2 First Aid with the name of the injured person Avoid self contamination 2 Wash the skin with large quantities of cool running water 3 Call the poison control center to determine the need for additional treatment see Appendix E Poison Oak Poison oak is common in wooded areas through out California The skin rash some people develop when they come in contact with poison oak sap is called allergic contact dermatitis The first exposure to the sap may cause an allergic tendency repeated exposure may cause skin cells to become sensitized It 1s not necessary to touch the plant to develop a rash the sap can be carried by clothes tools pets and even by the smoke from the burning plant However not everyone develops allergies from these plants and sensitivity varies among individuals Once the skin is sensitized a rash develops whenever another contact is made with the sap Initially the rash is red and itches Blistering may occur later If the rash spreads some sap has remained on the skin or reexposure has occurred The serum from existing rashes does not spread the rash The treatment for exposure to poison oak is as follows 1 Wash all exposed surfaces with soap and water 2 Wash all clothes shoes belts bedding and animals exposed Do not use calamine lotion over the area 4 Use wet soaks with tepid water for 20 to 30 minutes every two hours
162. d research The No Waste Lab Manual A Procedure That Eliminates Toxic Waste Production from Introductory Chemistry Laboratory Courses Sacramento California Depart ment of Health Services 1989 NSTA Handbook 1994 95 Arlington Va National Science Teachers Association 1994 OSHA CD ROM OSHA A93 4 Washington D C U S Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration 1993 Compact disc Excellent reference of ongoing OSHA guidelines and requirements Phillips L and J Gerlovich 50 Safe Physical Science Activities for Teachers Skokie Ill Sargent Welch Scientific Co 1988 Excellent teacher s reference of activities in all classes of the physical sciences All activities are based on integral science safety procedures Planning and Managing Dissection Laboratories Arling ton Va National Science Teachers Association 1994 Encourages careful planning to ensure optimum learning in dissection lessons Includes alternatives to dissection Prudent Practices in the Laboratory Handling and Dis posal of Chemicals Washington D C National Academy Press 1995 The Responsible Use of Animals in Biology Classrooms Including Alternatives to Dissection Reston Va National Association of Biology Teachers 1990 Includes lessons showing responsible use of animals in instruction and reflects the policy of encouraging the use of alternatives to dissection whenever possible Safe Labora
163. d water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Seek immediate medical attention Maintain respiration Cupric Sulfate 10 1 or 2 2 Not regulated Toxic by ingestion Irritant to skin eyes and mucous membrane Copper material may cause allergic reaction External Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Seek immediate medical attention Maintain respiration Cyclohexane DANGER Extremely Flammable vapor and External Irrigate eyes flammable liquid liquid harmful to eyes with water Wash skin Keep away from heat lungs and skin with soap and water sparks and open flame Seek immediate medical Keep container closed attention Use with adequate Internal Maintain ventilation respiration Do not Avoid prolonged breathing induce vomiting Seek of vapor immediate medical attention 7 1 or 2S 3 FLAMMABLE LIQUID 3 Ethidium Bromide Potent mutagen Do not May be harmful by inhala External Immediately breathe tion ingestion or skin flush eyes with copious Solution is sensitive to light absorption amounts of water for at See special use handling practices on page 25 Keep in original container in locked cabinet 8 2 2 Not regulated Irritating to mucous membranes skin and upper respiratory tract Potent mutagen will damage human genetic material Do not breathe dust Do not get in eyes on skin or clothing Wash
164. de connected to the concrete slab by large anchor bolts e Is the television monitor securely fastened either to a securely fastened platform or to a cart with a low center of gravity and lockable wheels f Do desktop computers have secured monitors g Are heavy or sharp wall decorations securely mounted with closed eye hooks for example h Have heavy objects stored above head level been restrained or relocated j Are refrigerators water heaters or ranges restrained by attachment to the floor or wall not just by kitchen cabinetry j Is specialized heavy laboratory equipment e g an autoclave on a countertop secured to protect it against sliding off and falling k Are fire extinguishers securely mounted l Arecabinets equipped with heavy duty latches Magnetic catches can pop open too easily m Are display cases or aquariums protected against overturning or sliding off tables COD OU D DD DO O OD O UOO DD O O0 O0 O OD O n Are emergency battery operated lights protected from falling off shelf supports o Are the fire sprinkler risers secured to the wall with a vee brace and are large diameter sprinkler pipes secured with diagonal braces to the structure above see NFPA Standard Number 13 O O Additional help from the janitor or maintenance person may be needed H Earthquake Preparation 99 s t y y Do sound system speakers in eleva
165. designate a trained member of its professional staff as the building laboratory consultant responsible for reviewing updating and carrying out the school s adopted procedures for laboratory safety The Legislature urges the California Department of Education to assume the leadership necessary to provide qualified individuals with the skills and materials to assist schools and teachers in the development of their laboratory safety policies and procedures School districts are encouraged to take steps to ensure that hazardous materials are properly used and stored the governing boards may request consultation services from the California Occupa tional Safety and Health Cal OSHA Consulta tion Service Removal of chemicals Education Code Section 49411 The California Department of Education in cooperation with the Division of Occupational Safety and Health shall prepare a list of chemi cals used in school programs that includes the potential hazards and estimated shelf life of each chemical or chemical compound and develop guidelines for school districts for the regular removal and disposal of all chemicals whose estimated shelf life has elapsed The county superintendent of schools may imple ment a system for disposing of chemicals from schools within the county or may permit school districts to arrange for the disposal of the chemi cals Note School districts and county departments of education can request reimb
166. dherence to safety guidelines when using lead The instructor is responsible for cleaning up any spills K Handling and Cleanup of Mercury Teachers should use the smallest possible quantity of metallic mercury to perform the experiment and keep the mercury away from heat at all times When mercury is handled it should be done closely over a glass or plastic tray to facilitate any cleanup that may be necessary Drops of mercury that fall some dis tance to a counter or floor will spatter and spread in finely divided particles Take care that mercury is not put into a sink All spills should be properly noted in writing and carefully cleaned up Mercury spills must be cleaned up as thoroughly as possible to reduce the long term presence of mer cury vapors in the classroom or preparation area However note the following precautions Do not sweep the spill with a broom The broom becomes contaminated and free mercury vapor is produced Do not use a standard vacuum cleaner The vacuum cleaner becomes contaminated and free mercury vapor is produced Suggestions for cleaning up mercury spills are as follows 1 Assess the extent of the spillage If the spill is minor e g a broken mercury thermometer and confined to a small area clear the area and restrict access provide maximum ventilation and pro ceed with the cleanup If the spill is more exten sive clear the room of students ensure that 76 Chapter 5
167. dience will be present Only authorized classes and clubs may engage in this kind of activity Guidelines for the firing of model rockets on school sites are as follows 1 Purpose These regulations have been prepared for the purpose of establishing reasonable safety standards for the testing and flying of model rockets Model rockets are classified as nonprofessional rockets that are propelled by approved commercially manufactured solid propellant engines 2 Special permit At least four weeks before the date selected for the firing of model rockets the school shall submit a firing request to the responsible district office A special permit shall be obtained from the fire department for a given period Usually the fire department s policy is to issue such a permit to cover a brief time The permit is issued in the name of the school administrator The instructor shall comply with all safety standards and conduct the launching in a manner that is also acceptable to the school administra tor 3 Size of rockets Rockets with a class A or smaller engine are strongly recommended Configuration of the rockets is not limited except for weight four ounces 112 gm with engine and length not less than ten inches 25 cm or greater than 15 inches 38 cm The rocket shall contain no metal parts 4 Launch site standards The following stipulations apply a The launch site shall consist of a firing area and a recovery area The f
168. douglasii Plants in wooded areas Black locust Robinia pseudoacacia Elderberry Sambucus various Mistletoe Phoradendron various Oak Quercus various Poison oak Pacific poison oak Western poison oak Toxicodendron diversilobum Rhus diversiloba Vegetable garden plants Rhubarb Rheum rha barbarum Bark sprouts foliage seeds Shoots leaves All parts especially berries Foliage acorns Leaves stems berries roots Leaf blade have died from hemlock Causes nausea weakness and depression in children after they chew the bark and seeds Children are poisoned by using pieces of the pithy stems for blowguns nausea and digestive upset Fatal children and adults have died from eating the berries Affects kidneys gradually symptoms appear only after several days or weeks takes large amount for poisoning do not allow children to chew on acorns Skin contact with oily fluid secreted in all parts of plant causes painful often long lasting skin eruptions and a burning itching sensation Toxicodendron diversilobum Rhus diversiloba Fatal large amounts of raw or cooked leaves can cause convulsions and coma followed rapidly by death Included in Poisonous Plants of California by Thomas C Fuller and Elizabeth McClintock 93 94 Chapter 7 Additional Safety Practices G Ionizing Radiation Before considering the acquisition of radiation producing machi
169. dous material or mixture containing a hazardous material handled by the business which is not otherwise listed pursuant to paragraph 1 or 2 4 The maximum amount of each hazardous material or mixture containing a hazardous material disclosed in paragraphs 1 2 and 3 which is handled at any one time by the business over the course of the year 5 Sufficient information on how and where the hazardous materials disclosed in paragraphs 1 2 and 3 are handled by the business to allow fire safety health and other appropriate personnel to prepare adequate emergency responses to potential releases of the hazardous materials 6 The name and phone number of the person repre senting the business and able to assist emergency personnel in the event of an emergency involving the business during nonbusiness hours APPENDIX C REIMBURSEMENT FOR REMOVAL AND DISPOSAL OF CHEMICALS On July 28 1988 the Commission of State Mandates determined that the following costs incurred by school districts to implement Education Code Section 49411 are reimbursable 1 the cost of complying with guidelines for the regular removal and disposal of all chemicals whose shelf life has elapsed and 2 the cost of certifying to the Superintendent of Public Instruction whether the district is in compliance with the guidelines For each eligible claimant which certified its compli ance with the guidelines by June 30 1988 reimbursable costs ar
170. e 4 3 Lithium Nitrate Oxidizer Risk of explosion when Internal Induce vomiting Nonfire Fire 2 1 3 OXIDIZER 5 1 shocked or heated Strong oxidant unless patient is comatose or convulsing or has lost gag reflex Magnesium Chloride 10 1 1 Not regulated Moderately toxic by ingestion Dusts may be irritating Overexposure causes nausea and vomiting Internal Induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention Magnesium Metal powder ribbon p Flammable solid 1 2 3 FLAMMABLE 4 1 Dangerous in powder form because of fire potential Magnesium burns are often severe and may be slow to heal Dispose of as extremely hazardous waste External In case of burns seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Magnesium Nitrate Nonfire Fire Oxidizer 2 1 1 OXIDIZER 5 1 Strong oxidant Fire and explosion risk in contact with organic material Skin eye and respiratory tract irritant External Internal Inhalation Seek immediate medical attention Magnesium Oxide Dust toxic by inhalation
171. e humidity and so forth 3 Excellent indefinite essentially indefinite in time and invariant in terms of conditions Hazard class from Code of Federal Regulations Title 49 Transportation Provides Department of Transportation DOT class compatibility for commercial disposal See Appendix N for an explanation of the terms used TABLE 3 Hazardous Chemicals Reference Table Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Acetic Acid glacial DANGER Corrosive Causes Corrosive External Irrigate eyes with severe burns Organic acid causes painful water for 15 minutes Wash Do not get liquid or vapor in wounds when it comes in skin with soap and water eyes on skin or on clothing contact with skin Internal Maintain Keep away from heat and Toxic by ingestion respiration Seek immediate flame medical attention In case of contact immediately Give water to dilute flush skin or eyes with plenty Do not give emetic of water for at least 15 minutes for eyes get medical attention Glacial acetic acid freezes at 62 F 17 C Store at temperatures above 62 F 17 C If frozen thaw by carefully moving carboy to warm area 5 1 3 CORROSIVE 8 Acetone DANGER Extremely Highly flammable liquid An External Remove victim to flammable Keep away from heat sparks and open flame Keep container closed Use adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin 7 28 2 ELAMMABLE LIQUID 3 ir
172. e State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees Name and NFPA Symbol TABLE 3 Continued Label Hazard First Aid Calcium Hydroxide Avoid inhalation and skin contact Use eye protection 10 1 1 Not regulated Inorganic base caustic Skin irritant Avoid dust inhalation External Irrigate eyes with water If calcium hydroxide comes into contact with eyes seek immediate medical attention Wash skin with soap and water Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Calcium Hypochlorite Oxidizer 2 1 1 OXIDIZER 5 1 Poisonous Corrosive pow der Harmful to eyes lungs and skin Toxic by ingestion inhala tion and skin contact Oxidizer Fire risk in contact with organic substances Emits chlorine gas under certain conditions Dispose of as extremely hazardous waste External Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Seek immediate medical attention Calcium Metal Avoid contact with water Store in tightly closed container Avoid contact with oxidizers Dangerous when wet Contact with water acids alkali hydroxides or carbonates may cause detonation Burns in air Dust and fumes are highly toxic Dispose of as extremely hazardous waste External Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes If calcium contacts eyes
173. e adequate protection from direct sunlight Lighting should be adequate All cabinets should be locked when not in use and the storage room should be kept locked The instructor should be the only person with free access to the storage room No student should be permitted in the storage room unless accompanied and supervised by the instructor Recommendations for the safe storage of chemi cals are as follows 1 Chemical substances must be stored in an orderly manner All substances must be properly labeled and an efficient retrieval scheme must be available to locate the chemicals Alphabetical order is not appropriate except within compatible groups Instead refer to the recommended storage compat ibility categories in the box on page 42 2 Properly labeled safety containers must be used to store liquids that are highly volatile potentially explosive or flammable Local fire departments should be consulted about minimum quantities for which safety containers are required If possible highly corrosive chemicals such as inorganic acids and bases should be stored in separate corrosives storage cabinets which are Constructed of dense one inch plywood and contain no uncoated metal hinges or locks Hinges and locks fabricated from wood or an appropriate plastic material are preferred Fabricated to ensure that shelf supports will not corrode and allow shelves to collapse Provided with a recess or pan on the floor that will
174. e all costs for the regular removal and disposal of chemicals that have not yet reached a retrograde condition Health and Safety Code Section 25121 5 see the list under section G of this appendix but still pose a significant threat to the health and safety of teachers staff and students as established by the most current Department of Education guidelines The actual costs for one fiscal year shall be included in each claim The estimated costs for the subsequent year may be included in the same claim if applicable All claims for the reimbursement of costs shall be submitted within 120 days of notification by the State Controller of the enactment of the claims bill If the total costs for a given fiscal year do not exceed 200 no reimbursement shall be allowed except as other wise allowed by Government Code Section 17564 A Reimbursable Costs Reimbursement is available for elementary secondary and unified school districts The costs of ongoing removal and disposal may include but are not limited to the following 1 Salaries and benefits of personnel at school sites district offices and county offices of education both certificated and classified who perform any duties related to compliance with this mandate salaries and benefits of substitute employees who provided cover age for employees performing duties related to said mandates Consultant fees for preparation of initial chemical inventories preparation of c
175. e asbestos Therefore permanent marking such as wires or staples on the edge is recommended to identify the material Asbestos gloves or other soft or crumbly materials should be removed for disposal Asbestos is a recog nized carcinogen Asbestos fibers enter the body by inhalation Avoid any use of asbestos l Use and Disposal of Ethers The use of ethers for instructional purposes can present a danger to students and school staff members The most common types of ethers used in high schools are petroleum ether and diethyl ether anesthetic ether Petroleum ether is not a true ether and does not produce peroxides during storage but is a volatile fraction of petroleum made up of pentanes and hex anes Petroleum ether may also be known as ligroin or benzine Anesthetic ether that has been stored for several years can form crystalline solids called ether perox ides on the inside lid of the container Once peroxides have formed this diethyl ether is dangerously explo sive The following procedures should be closely followed in any use of anesthetic ethers Ordering Parameters 1 Order only as much diethyl ether as you will use during the school year because exposure to air causes the formation of peroxides that are explo sive and sensitive to heat Small single use bottles 25 ml and 50 ml are available After use allow the remainder to evaporate if appropriate 2 Order diethyl ether only Other types of ethers
176. e been instructed in safety and first aid procedures are less at risk than those who lack such training In addition some groups of students demonstrate a more mature capacity for greater responsibility and therefore allow a greater sense of security in the laboratory Section A of this introduction addresses the students responsibil ity to learn safety practices the materials in the references and appendixes provide the teacher with additional help in preparing students for safety Facilities No amount of student screening can make up for overcrowded or potentially unsafe laboratory settings A primary concern is the physical distance between students and between work stations in the laboratory Many school laboratory stations that are designed for two pairs of students add a fifth student in the aisle This practice crowds the students and blocks traffic lanes inviting accidents and preventing orderly evacuation and administration of first aid procedures Most laboratories were designed for a specific number of students and that number should not be exceeded For example a chemistry classroom with a single vented hood was not designed for volatile toxic chemicals to be tested simultaneously by 30 or more students Therefore prudent planning of the laboratory program is necessary Similarly laboratories with single or distant eyewash and first aid stations cannot accommodate multiple injury or emergency victims Alternative actions
177. e clothing Burnt clothing may be stuck or melted to the affected area Do not apply ointments commercial prepara tions grease or other home remedies those substances may cause further complications and interfere with treatment by the physician 2 Do not attempt to administer any liquids or medicines orally to unconscious persons Cover the patient with a blanket 4 If the hands are involved keep them above the level of the heart 5 Keep burned feet or legs elevated The victim should not be allowed to walk 6 Slightly elevate the head of a victim with facial burns Keep the person under continuous observa tion for breathing difficulty If respiratory prob lems develop an open airway must be maintained ya 12 Chapter 2 First Aid 7 Avoid immersing an extensively burned area or applying ice water over it the cold may intensify the shock reaction Cool water may be applied to the burned area to relieve pain and stop any further burning Follow with the application of a dry clean dressing or sheet 8 Obtain medical assistance immediately by follow ing the serious injury or illness routine provided for in emergency procedures Use of a Fire Blanket If a student s clothing catches fire the student should not run He or she should stop drop and roll on the ground immediately while another student brings the fire blanket Then the burn victim should roll up in the blanket to smother the flames The blan
178. e mandate may be claimed Make a list of the cost of materials that have been consumed or expended specifically for the purpose of this mandate c Allowable overhead cost School districts may use the J 380 nonrestrictive indirect cost rate County offices of education may use the J 580 rate D Supporting Data For auditing purposes all costs claimed must be traceable to source documents or work sheets that show evidence of the validity of such costs These documents must be kept on file by the agency submitting the claim for a period of not less than three years from the date of the final payment of the claim pursuant to this mandate and made available on the request of the State Controller or his or her agent E Offsetting Savings and Other Reimbursements Any offsetting savings the claimant experiences as a direct result of this statute must be deducted from the costs claimed In addition reimbursement for this mandate received from any source e g federal state or local agencies shall be identified and deducted from this claim Reimbursement for taxes paid for the removal and disposal of chemicals to comply with the certification requirement of Chapter 1107 Statutes of 1984 which taxes were waived by the Department of Health Services must be sought pursuant to Government Code Section 16302 1 E Required Certification The following certification must accompany the claim I DO HEREBY CERTIFY under penalty of p
179. e of Regulations Title 17 states the conditions under which persons and institu tions may possess and use radioactive materials either a school must have and use only small exempt quantities and concentrations of radioactive materials or the school must have a specific license to possess and use radioactive materials The terms are described below Possession or use of exempt quantities and concen trations of materials as defined in California Code of Regulations Title 17 Section 30180 does not require the issuance of a specific license Exempt materials include a any naturally occurring radioactive material except uranium and thorium b unprocessed ore which in its natural form contains uranium and thorium c radioactive materials in concentrations that do not exceed those noted in Schedule C of Title 17 and d radioactive materials provided that the quantity of each material does not exceed the applicable quantity noted in Schedule A of Title 17 and provided that not more than ten such quantities are possessed at any one time Specific licenses as defined in California Code of Regulations Title 17 sections 30194 and 30195 are required if an individual or an institution intends to possess or use quantities or concentra tions of radioactive materials in excess of the amounts specified in schedules A and C Informa tion relating to specific licenses can be obtained from the Department of Health Services Radio
180. e progressive injuries An eye that at first appears to have only slight surface injuries may develop deep inflammation and tissue destruction and the patient may lose eyesight 1 Flood the eye thoroughly with water for 15 minutes using the eyewash or eyewash facewash station If the victim is lying down turn the head to the side Gently hold the eyelid open and using the drench hose apply water from the inner corner of the eye outward Make sure the chemical does not wash into the other eye E Exposure to Poisons 13 2 Cover the eye with a dry clean protective dressing do not use cotton and gently bandage in place Caution the victim against rubbing the eye 4 Take the victim to an ophthalmologist s office or an emergency room for further evaluation and treatment 93 Other Chemicals in the Eye 1 Hold eyelids open wash eyes immediately using the eyewash or eyewash facewash station and continue to wash for at least 15 minutes Make sure that the chemical does not wash into an unaffected eye 2 Have someone call the poison control center to ascertain the need for further medical treatment See Appendix E for a list of poison control centers E Exposure to Poisons Proper storage and safety precautions including correct labeling of all containers see Chapter 5 section F are effective in preventing poisoning instructors should follow those procedures It is important to identify not only the poison b
181. e the telephone numbers on page ix in the first tabbed divider section School District Emergency and Safety Procedures The ambulance paramedics crew is especially trained for such emergencies carries hospital emergency room equipment and often communicates with hospital emergency staff receiving instructions as well as providing information so that the emergency room staff are better able to prepare for the patient s arrival G Shock 15 Shock from injury is also called traumatic shock Body functions are depressed and death may result even though injuries would not otherwise be fatal Look for the following symptoms 1 ed Pale or bluish skin In a dark skinned victim examine mucous membranes inside the mouth or under the eyelids Moist or clammy skin Rapid pulse often too faint to be felt at the wrist Increased breathing rate shallow breathing if there is chest or abdominal pain Weakness If the weakness is caused by hemor rhage the victim may also be restless and anxious The patient will complain of deep thirst Retching or vomiting Note the following If the patient has vomited save a sample Do not give fluids do not induce vomiting f an unconscious victim is vomiting logroll the patient onto his or her side to prevent aspiration During logrolling it is important to stabilize the head and trunk by manual in line immobilization especially in patients with trauma or suspect
182. e the viewfinder of any telescope during an activity that involves viewing the sun unless the viewfinder is especially de signed for that purpose To avoid eye injury that may result from accidentally tripping the mechanism and engaging the viewfinder place tape on the bracket supporting the mirror for the finder to hold the bracket in a position to shade the mirror Teachers must closely supervise all activities in which a telescope is used Layers of photographic film or welders masks should not be used to look directly into the sun even during a complete solar eclipse The indirect pinhole method should be used to view the eclipse A projector for observing the eclipse can be made with two pieces of white cardboard A pinhole or pencil point hole in the top piece serves to project and focus the image of the eclipse on the second piece The size of the image can be changed by altering the distance between the two pieces of card board d When using infrared and ultraviolet light sources observers must shield themselves from a direct view of the light source 9 Reagent and storage bottles containing chemicals should be properly labeled including date of receipt or preparation at all times If the label is lost and the contents are unknown the substance should be regarded as potentially hazardous and must be chemically categorized by an experienced waste specialist before possible treatment and transport to a proper dis
183. e very danger ous A system suggested for use in all California secondary schools is described below with the ten recommended storage compatibility groups noted in the accompanying box In the recommendations that follow special consideration has been given to sepa rating and isolating chemicals and preventing their commingling should a serious disaster occur such as a major earthquake or fire This system also considers the hazard classes established in the Code of Federal Regulations Title 49 Transportation All storage shelves and cupboards should be fixed rigidly to the walls and be equipped with restraining lips wires or other barriers Storage of chemicals within or near the main chemicals storage area should be selected on the basis of described needs see E Steps for Establishing a Safer Chemicals Storage Area 41 diagram on page 44 The storage locations may be lockable cupboards under the counter cabinets or especially constructed or purchased cabinets such as the cabinets for acids bases and flammables Each cabinet chosen should be clearly and permanently or at least semipermanently marked for its designated storage purpose As much as possible keep the chemi cals in any special storage containers used by the supplier in storing and shipping Chemicals should be stored only in approved locked cabinets within designated science storage rooms Such storage rooms must be well ventilated and dry and must hav
184. east 15 minutes and get medical attention 4 1 2 CORROSIVE 8 Eye and skin irritant Inorganic bases can form explosive peroxides water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water neutralize with vinegar Internal If ingested DO NOT induce vomiting Seek immediate medical attention Sodium Hypochlorite less than 7 chlorine Corrosive 2 1 2 Corrosive Not regulated Caustic poisonous irritating to the skin and readily gives up chlorine Inhalation may produce severe bronchial irritation Evolves chlorine gas when reacted with acid or heated Avoid contact with organic material Dispose of as extremely hazardous waste External Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention DO NOT induce vomiting Sodium Metal D DANGER Reacts violently with water liberating and igniting hydrogen May cause burns Keep from any possible contact with water store under oil Keep container tightly closed Do not get in eyes or on skin Wear goggles and dry gloves when handling In case of fire smother with dry soda ash never use water or chemical fire extinguishers Dangerous when wet 1 1KM 2 FLAMMABLE 4 3 WATER REACTIVE Flammable corrosive solid Reacts violently with water causing fires and explosions and producing hydrogen gas and corrosive sodium
185. ed a student may still be a carrier and could infect other students from contact with blood on table tops broken lancets and so forth Chronic pyoderma skin pus areas recurring boils Students with this condition would likely have skin contaminated with staphylo coccus and streptococcus bacteria Punctur ing of such contaminated skin could produce a new infection site If the lancet were accidentally reused it could transmit the bacteria to other students Infection with HIV The blood can transmit the virus from an infected person to another person if the virus gains entrance into the blood of that other person Students with any such medical problems do not need to tell the teacher or their classmates they simply would not bring to school a note of permission from their parents Thus they need not be embarrassed about or reveal their medical problem The majority of students who carry hepatitis B or C or HIV are not aware that they are infected For this reason teachers and students should follow the universal safety precautions outlined by the school district s ECP see Appendix B California Code of Regulations Title 8 General Industry Safety Orders Section 5193 Bloodborne Patho gens The danger of spreading infectious diseases such as hepatitis or HIV makes it necessary to employ only sterile techniques including the use of goggles and gloves if feasible 4 10 11 Blood should be drawn only
186. ed and qualified SIDILOVAd ALIAVS TVNOILIGA Y Z 7 ADDITIONAL SAFETY PRACTICES HIS CHAPTER DEALS WITH GENERAL SAFETY practices that apply to various areas of science instruction T A Fire Prevention and Control If a serious classroom fire occurs the teacher should conduct a fast orderly evacuation of the room The fire should be reported immediately and control measures may be taken if the fire is localized and does not present imminent danger Both teacher and stu dents should know the location of the nearest fire alarm fire blanket and fire extinguisher The teacher should know how to use those fire control devices When an open flame is used in the classroom caution students to stay well away from the flame Never reach across the flame area If hair or clothing becomes ignited douse with water A fire blanket can be used to smother the flaming area if water is not immediately available in sufficient quantity See the end of this section for use of a fire blanket Do not use a fire extinguisher on a person because it can cause serious chemical burns or frostbite in the case of a CO extinguisher In an electrical fire pull the plug if that can be done without sustaining a burn the cord might be hot or becoming a part of the circuit Do not use water because water is a conductor of electrical current Many substances and types of chemical reactions involved in science programs present potential fire haza
187. ed in science laboratory activities Whether permanent or portable fume hoods must Have an average face velocity of 100 linear feet 30 m of air per minute with a mini mum of 70 linear feet 21 m per minute at any velometer position Be placed so that air currents do not draw fumes from hoods into the room Be provided with a means such as a light plastic or paper streamer for continuously indicating that air is flowing into the exhaust system during the operation of the fume hood Be provided with a standpipe that extends seven feet 2 1 m above the roof and is located so that fumes will not be drawn into windows or air intakes Have standpipes constructed of corrosion resistant materials Local fire codes must be checked for standpipe specifications Fume hoods are never to be used for storage of books supplies or chemicals they are items of safety equipment Air velocity should be checked with a velometer or a single piece of tissue paper E d p 3 hn hy k Pru which should remain horizontal when held in the opening while the hood is operating See Appen dix B California Code of Regulations Title 8 Section 5154 1 5 Use the stationary or portable fume hood when ever noxious or poisonous fumes are produced 6 Preserve dry ice for short periods of time by wrapping the ice in several layers of newspaper to insulate it and reduce the rate of sublimation The use of vermiculi
188. ed in the cleanup of flammable solids or liquids e Hazardous toxic liquids and solids Remove all broken glass from the work area or floor as soon as possible Never handle broken glass with bare hands use a counter brush and dustpan Always clean the laboratory area before leaving Students and teacher wash hands with soap and water before leaving the laboratory area Note Persistent or willful violation of the regulations will result in the loss of laboratory privileges and possible dismissal from the class Please see the Student Safety Contract Physical Science on the following page Appendix C 169 Student Safety Contract Physical Science School Teacher Date Student s name The student has received specific instruction regarding the use function and location of the following Aprons gloves Chemical spill kit Eye protective devices goggles face shield safety shield Eyewash fountain drench spray and drench shower Fire extinguisher Fire blanket First aid kit Heat sources burners hot plate microwave and techniques in their use Material safety data sheets MSDSs Waste disposal containers for glass chemicals matches paper wood DO DOODDDODO The student will abide by the Physical Science Laboratory Regulations to prevent accidents and injury to herself or himself and others and will Follow all additional instructions given by the teacher Cond
189. ed trauma to the head or spinal cord 7 Fainting or collapse Treatment of shock consists of these measures Keep the victim lying down Cover the victim to minimize further loss of body heat Use mouth to nose or mouth to mouth rescue breathing or CPR or both if the victim stops breathing GENERAL LABORATORY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Note Procedures discussed in this handbook involve potential dangers to persons animals and other living things and therefore should be performed only by persons who are technically trained and qualified SNOILQVOTNq ALHAVS ANOLIVHOSVT TVAHNIO 3 GENERAL LABORATORY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS HE LABORATORY SCIENCE INSTRUCTIONAL T program should be carefully planned and conducted to ensure maximum safety condi tions for all personnel Teachers who have particular concerns about safety conditions related to facilities equipment supplies curriculum classroom occupant load and so forth should notify their school site administrator in writing immediately for assistance in relieving the condition The following list identifies safety practices and regulations common to all school science laboratories Additional laboratory and safety practices for specific subject areas and teaching situations are provided in subsequent chapters 1 Teachers must be fully acquainted with the first aid procedures treatment and regulations pro vided in Chapter 2 of this publication 2 Teachers
190. educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees Name and NFPA Symbol TABLE 3 Continued Label Hazard First Aid Phosphorus red DO Flammable solid 1 2 1 FLAMMABLE SOLID 4 1 Yields very toxic fumes on burning Avoid contact with oxidizers Explosions have been known to result Dangerous fire risk skin contact may cause burns External Flush with water for 15 minutes Treat splattered phosphorus with 2 solution of copper sulfate and keep area wet until medical attention is obtained Seek immediate medical attention Internal Force vomiting immediately Seek immediate medical attention Do not administer alcohol digestible fats oil or mineral oil as they enhance absorption Potassium Bromide 10 1 2 Not regulated Toxic by ingestion and inhalation Internal Induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention Inhalation Move to fresh air Potassium Chlorate De DO Nonfire Fire WARNING Oxidizer Contact with combustible material may cause fire Will explode with shock or heat if only slightly contaminated All clothing contaminated with chlorates is dangerously flammable Remove and wash thoroughly with water Do no
191. ee s blood shall be collected as soon as feasible and tested after consent is obtained 2 If the employee consents to baseline blood collection but does not give consent at that time for HIV serologic testing the sample shall be preserved for at least 90 days If within 90 days of the exposure incident the employee elects to have the baseline sample tested such testing shall be done as soon as feasible 3 Additional collection and testing shall be made available as recommended by the U S Public Health Service D Post exposure prophylaxis when medically indicated as recommended by the U S Public Health Service E Counseling and F Evaluation of reported illnesses 4 Information Provided to the Healthcare Profes sional A The employer shall ensure that the healthcare professional responsible for the employee s hepatitis B vaccination is provided a copy of this regulation B The employer shall ensure that the healthcare professional evaluating an employee after an exposure incident is provided the following information 1 Acopy of this regulation 2 A description of the exposed employee s duties as they relate to the exposure incident 3 Documentation of the route s of exposure and circumstances under which exposure occurred as required by subsection f 3 A 4 Results of the source individual s blood testing if available and 5 All medical records relevant to the appropriate treatment of
192. eep away from heat and open flame Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin 7 1 or 2S 1 FLAMMABLE LIQUID 3 Flammable liquid Prolonged inhalation can be toxic Eye irritant Absorbed by skin Capable of forming explosive hydroperoxides External Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Calcium Carbide Tightly sealed Dangerous when wet 7 1 or 22 FLAMMABLE SOLID 4 3 Exposure to moisture produces explosive acetylene gas and corrosive solid Dispose of as extremely hazardous waste External Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Calcium Chloride Acute ingestion may result External Wash with water anhydrous in intestinal irritation and Internal Seek immediate 10 1 1 Not regulated hemorrhage medical attention Calcium Chloride Trritant Mucous membrane External Eyes should be dihydrate damage might occur flushed with water for 15 minutes Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical 10 1 1 Not regulated attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to th
193. eflection into the audience The laser display system should be contained in a box that is open on the side s but closed on the ends top and bottom If the beam must travel a long distance keep it close to the ground or overhead so that it does not cross walkways at eye level Affix expanding lenses rigidly to the laser When the laser is used to illuminate large surfaces such as in the viewing of holograms beam expanding diverging lenses should be fixed rigidly to the laser Equip the laser with a key switch The laser should be equipped with a key switch in the primary power circuit rather than with the more commonly used kind of toggle switch Key switches are available from electronic supply stores for a relatively small charge An additional switch that requires constant pressure is also desirable Although installing a key switch is desirable a retrofit may void the manufacturer s warranty It is advisable to have an electrical technician perform this operation Do not leave an operable laser accessible and unattended The key should be removed and placed in a secure location to prevent unautho rized use of the laser and possible injurious exposures For the same reason when experi ments or demonstrations take place in areas that might permit access to the beam by individuals not under the control of the teacher a responsible person should be assigned to stop the beam s emission if such access to the beam
194. eir designated representatives the Chief and NIOSH in accordance with the requirements of Section 3204 e f Labels and Other Forms of Warning Note to f The requirements at sections 5225 5230 for labeling of all containers containing highly toxic corrosive flammable oxidizing or pyrophoric substances apply to all employers and apply regardless of any exception or allowance in Section 5194 f 128 Appendix B 1 The manufacturer importer or distributor shall ensure that each container of hazardous substances leaving the workplace is labeled tagged or marked with the following information A Identity of the hazardous substance s B Appropriate hazard warnings and C Name and address of the manufacturer importer or other responsible party 2 Manufacturers importers or distributors shall ensure that each container of hazardous substances leaving the workplace is labeled tagged or marked in accordance with this section in a manner which does not conflict with the requirements of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act 18 U S C 1801 et seq and regulations issued under that Act by the Department of Transportation 3 If the hazardous substance is regulated by these orders in a substance specific health standard the manufac turer importer distributor or employer shall ensure that the labels or other forms of warning used are in accordance with the requirements of that standard 4
195. emergency exists and the chemi cal identity of the substance is necessary for treatment the chemical identity must be disclosed immediately A confi dentiality agreement may be a provision of the disclosure Ed Appendixes A through D to Section 5194 are not reprinted here The titles of those appendixes are as follows Appendix A Health Hazard Definitions Mandatory Appendix B Hazard Determination Mandatory outlines the principles and procedures of hazard assess ment Appendix C Information Sources Advisory gives a list of data sources that may be consulted to evaluate the hazards of substances Appendix D Definition of Trade Secret Mandatory California Code of Regulations Title 22 Specific Requirements for Milkrun Operations 66263 42 a The following may be transported in accordance with the requirements of this section 1 Spent photographic solutions 2 Ethylene glycol automotive antifreeze 3 Sludge containing sodium hydroxide and heavy metals 4 Dry cleaning solvents including perchloroethyl ene 5 Asbestos 6 Inks from the printing industry 7 Chemicals and laboratory packs collected from school districts 8 Automotive parts cleaning solvents b This section applies only to hazardous wastes that are either 1 Subject to reclamation agreements with generators of greater than 100 kilograms per month but less than 1 000 kilograms per month pursuant to the requi
196. ence or release of a hazardous chemical 2 The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the Work area and 3 The measures employees can take to protect them selves from these hazards including specific proce dures the employer has implemented to protect employees from exposure to hazardous chemicals B The employee shall be trained on the applicable details of the employer s written Chemical Hygiene Plan g Medical consultation and medical examinations 1 The employer shall provide all employees who work with hazardous chemicals an opportunity to receive medical attention including any follow up examinations which the examining physician determines to be necessary 2 All medical examinations and consultations shall be performed by or under the direct supervision of a licensed physician and shall be provided without cost to the em ployee without loss of pay and at a reasonable time and place 3 The employer shall provide the following information to the physician A The identity of the hazardous chemical s to which the employee may have been exposed B A description of the conditions under which the exposure occurred including quantitative exposure data if available and C A description of the signs and symptoms of expo sure that the employee is experiencing if any 4 Physician s written opinion A The employer shall obtain a written opinion from the examining physi
197. ene Bis Anticipated 2A X Poison 6 1 101 14 4 2 Chloroaniline Methylene Chloride Anticipated 2B X Keep away from food Poison 6 1 75 09 2 Dichloromethane Alpha Naphthylamine 3 X Poison 6 1 134 32 7 Beta Naphthylamine Known 1 X Poison 6 1 91 59 8 Nickel Powder Anticipated 2B X Metal 7440 02 0 Nickel Compounds Anticipated 1 X Metals 4 Nitrobiphenyl 3 X Not listed 92 93 3 Beta Propiolactone Anticipated 2B X Not listed 57 57 8 Sodium Arsenate Known 1 X Poison 6 1 7631 89 2 Sodium Arsenite Known 1 X Poison 6 1 7784 46 5 Vinyl Chloride Known 1 X Flammable gas 2 1 75 01 4 Y Continued on next page 40 Chapter 5 Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory TABLE 2 Continued Notes on Classification of Carcinogens The carcinogenicity findings depicted in Table 2 were derived by three agencies each using somewhat different criteria with which to classify chemicals The agencies and classifications unique to each agency are identified below National Toxicology Program NTP Known carcinogen substance for which there is evidence from human studies indicating a causal relationship between exposure to the substance and human cancer Anticipated carcinogen substance for which there is limited evidence of its carcinogenicity in humans or sufficient evidence of its carcinogenicity in experi mental animals International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC Group 1 agent that is carcinogenic to humans used only when th
198. enic chemicals whether stored from the past or used at present should be registered with Cal OSHA see Appendix O for a Report of Use form Special permits are no longer required for the storage treatment transportation or disposal of extremely hazardous waste Such waste is subject to the same requirements as those for hazardous waste However producers and transporters of extremely hazardous waste are required to notify and to send a tax return to the state Board of Equalization each year An annual fee is to be paid on receipt of a billing from the board see Appendix B Health and Safety Code sections 25153 and 25205 7 0 To acquire a reporting form and tax return write or call the Environmental Fees Division P O Box 942879 MIC 57 Sacra mento CA 94279 0001 telephone 916 322 9534 Disposal of excess and deteriorated chemicals Once the extremely hazardous chemicals have been disposed of an assessment must be made about the remaining inventory to determine which portion will be used during the next year or at most two years The remainder should be appropriately disposed of The process of determining which chemicals to keep should involve all staff members who draw from the TABLE 2 Extremely Hazardous Chemicals for Prompt Disposal California Hazard CAS Chemical Name NTP IARC H and W Class DOT Number 2 Acetylaminofluorine Anticipated X Not listed 53 96 3 Acrylamide neuro toxin Anticipated 2A X Keep awa
199. ently in the event of a classroom fire Approved eye protective devices should be used by all persons performing science activities involving hazards to the eyes All persons in dangerous proximity must be similarly equipped Laboratory aprons and rubber or plastic gloves should be available and should be worn whenever hazards exist that could damage clothing injure someone or irritate skin The safety of students while they are participating in field experiences should be considered an integral part of the instructional planning activi ties Science teachers must be familiar with state local and school district regulations on the use of equipment and materials that produce X rays microwaves and alpha beta and gamma radia tion D Chemical Health Hazards Chemical substances can enter the body and consequently the bloodstream in three ways through ingestion absorption or inhalation The following list gives examples of some classes of chemical substances and their effects on the body Acids Acetic chromic hydrochloric nitric sulfuric and carbolic phenolic acids cause severe burns and tissue damage Alcohols These irritate mucous membranes Methanol induces blindness through ingestion or prolonged inhalation Aldehydes and ketones Inhalation absorption or ingestion of these substances irritates tissues and produces narcotic effects Alkalies Sodium and potassium hydroxides and ammonium hydroxide c
200. ents 1 The exposure determination required by subsection c 2 2 The schedule and method of implementation for each of the applicable subsections d Methods of Compliance e HIV and HBV Research Laboratories and Production Facilities f Hepatitis B Vaccination and Post exposure Evaluation and Follow up g Communication of Hazards to Employees and h Recordkeeping of this standard and 3 The procedure for the evaluation of circumstances surrounding exposure incidents as required by subsection OGA C Each employer shall ensure that a copy of the Exposure Control Plan is accessible to employees in accordance with Section 3204 e D The Exposure Control Plan shall be reviewed and updated at least annually and whenever necessary to reflect new or modified tasks and procedures which affect occupa tional exposure to reflect new or revised employee posi tions with occupational exposure and to review the expo sure incidents which occurred since the previous update E The Exposure Control Plan shall be made available to the Chief or NIOSH or their respective designee upon request for examination and copying 2 Exposure Determination A Each employer who has an employee s with occupational exposure shall prepare an exposure determina tion This exposure determination shall contain the follow ing 1 A list of all job classifications in which all employees in those job classifications have occupational
201. er noxious corrosive or toxic fumes are produced or released To cut small diameter glass tubing use a file or tubing cutter to make a deep scratch Wrap the tubing in a paper towel before breaking the glass away from you with your thumbs Fire polish all ends When bending glass allow time for the glass to cool before further handling Hot and cold glass have the same visual appearance Determine whether an object 1s hot by bringing the back of your hand close to the object Match hole size and tubing when inserting glass tubing into a stopper If necessary expand the hole first by using an appropriate size cork borer Lubricate the stopper hole and glass tubing with water or glycerin to ease insertion using towels to protect the hand Carefully twist never push glass tubing into stopper holes Handling Chemicals 30 31 32 33 34 35 Check labels and equipment instructions carefully Be sure correct items are used in the proper manner Be aware if the chemicals being used are hazardous Know where the material safety data sheet MSDS is and what it indicates for each of the hazardous chemi cals you are using Never pour reagents back into bottles exchange stoppers of bottles or lay stoppers on the table When diluting acids always pour acids into water never the reverse Combine the liquids slowly while stirring to distribute heat buildup throughout the mixture Keep hands away from face eye
202. ere is sufficient evidence of its carcinogenic ity in humans Group 2A agent that is probably carcinogenic to humans used when there is limited evidence of its carcinoge nicity in humans and sufficient evidence of its carcinogenicity in experimental animals Group 2B agent that is possibly carcinogenic to humans used either when there is limited evidence of its carcinogenicity in humans but an absence of suffi cient evidence of such in experimental animals or when there is inadequate or nonexistent evidence of storage area for the instructional program When the decision is made about what to keep the remainder can be disposed of by a commercial disposal service see step 5 Step 7 Storage Patterns A number of safe storage patterns for hazardous chemicals have been developed and used in schools colleges and universities The chemicals are some times arranged alphabetically and often by compatibil ity or incompatibility of the chemicals Although some patterns are better than others none seems to be completely acceptable without making special provi sions for certain chemicals that must be isolated for safety The common alphabetical shelving pattern must be abandoned in favor of one for example that separates the oxidizers from metals and separates the flammables the corrosives and the poisons the agent s carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient evidence of such in experimental animals Group 3 agent that is not cl
203. erjury THAT the foregoing is true and correct THAT Sections 1090 through 1096 inclusive of the Government Code and other applicable provisions of the law have been complied with and THAT I am the person authorized by the local agency to file claims for funds with the State of California Signature of Authorized Representative Date Title Telephone G Chemicals to Be Removed from School Science Laboratories The following list identifies three groups of chemicals 1 Those chemicals included on lists of hazardous chemicals that were recommended for removal and disposal in the 1987 edition of this handbook and which at this time are considered retrograde materi als are identified with an asterisk See definition of retrograde materials in Appendix B Health and Safety Code Section 25125 5 The costs for disposal of these retrograde materials are not considered reimbursable 2 Chemicals that have been added to the previous lists of hazardous chemicals recommended for immediate or prompt removal and disposal see tables 1 2 and 3 are identified with two asterisks The costs for disposal of these chemicals are considered reimburs able 3 Chemicals that are subject to regular removal and disposal on approaching their estimated shelf life because they pose a significant threat to the health and safety of teachers staff and students but have not yet reached a retrograde condition have no asterisk The
204. erning board Alternatives to Dissection 32255 1 Notice to teacher of objection development of alternate education project prohibition of discrimination against pupil note from parent or guardian a Except as otherwise provided in Section 32255 6 any pupil with a moral objection to dissecting or otherwise harming or destroying animals or any parts thereof shall notify his or her teacher regarding this objection upon notification by the school of his or her rights pursuant to Section 32255 4 b If the pupil chooses to refrain from participation in an education project involving the harmful or destructive use of animals and if the teacher believes that an adequate alternative education project is possible then the teacher may work with the pupil to develop and agree upon an alternate education project for the purpose of providing the pupil an alternate avenue for obtaining the knowledge information or experience required by the course of study in question c The alternative education project shall require a comparable time and effort investment by the pupil It shall not as a means of penalizing the pupil be more arduous than the original education project d The pupil shall not be discriminated against based upon his or her decision to exercise his or her rights pursuant to this chapter e Pupils choosing an alternative educational project shall pass all examinations of the respective course of study in order
205. erously flammable Remove and wash thoroughly with water Do not get on floor Spillage may cause fires with combustible material Sweep up and remove immediately When not in use keep tightly closed in original metal container Keep away from fire Store away from flammable material 2 2 3 0XIDIZER 5 1 Keep away from organic matter or other oxidizable substances May explode if heated with organic matter Toxic External Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Sodium Hydroxide WARNING Corrosive Caustic hazardous liquid External tirrigate eyes with Causes severe burns to skin and eyes Avoid contact with skin eyes and clothing Do not take internally When handling wear goggles or face shield When making solutions add sodium hydroxide slowly to surface of solution to avoid violent splattering In case of contact immediately flush skin with plenty of water and wash with vinegar for eyes flush with plenty of water for at l
206. ers a There is potential for injury to eyes when working with hot liquids or solids or with chemicals that are flammable toxic corro sive to living tissues irritating strongly sensitizing or radioactive or that generate pressure through heat decomposition or other means Splash proof goggles and face shields must be worn b Investigations in geology and earth science frequently involve such activities as hammer ing chipping and grinding rocks minerals and metals When hammering or chipping is being done the use of eye protective devices as well as a cloth cover over the rock or mineral to reduce the hazards from flying particles is absolutely necessary When grinding rocks use a face shield for protec tion c Students must not look directly into the sun even during complete solar eclipses The danger of retinal burn comes from the invisible infrared rays which penetrate light filters and instantaneously damage eyes The retina is not sensitive to pain therefore the victim might not immediately be aware of eye damage Retinal burns are incurable and destroy the field of fine vision The victim s ability to read can be lost forever Note No homemade eye protection has been approved for use when the sun is being viewed Therefore students may not participate in this activity unless images of the sun can be projected or can be viewed through a commercial telescope with an approved objective filter Do not us
207. es Never use a chemical fire extinguisher i e those used for A B or C class fires Do not use water unless fire continues then flood with large quantities from a hose 2 2 2 OXIDIZER 5 1 Absorbs water from the air Ignition and explosion may take place on contact with organic matter water alcohol acids metallic or nonmetallic dust Irritant and corrosive Dispose of as extremely hazardous waste External Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Sodium Silicate 10 2 3 Not regulated Irritating caustic to skin and mucous membranes External Wash with water for 15 minutes Internal Give water and induce vomiting Seek medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Sodium Thiosulfate Moderately toxic Saturated External Wash skin and solution breaks containers eyes with water for 15 when crystalizing May minutes cause container to Internal Give water and explode induce vomiting Seek 10 1 1
208. essed as a 15 minute time weighted average concentration The STEL is not to be exceeded at any time during a work day K Instruments and Specimens Used in Dissection 1 The use of preserved animal specimens in instruc tion should be carefully planned to provide learning that cannot otherwise be achieved Dissection activities should enable students to develop a greater respect for life All such activi ties particularly those involving the use of vertebrates especially mammals should be undertaken by students only when they are prepared and have the maturity to appreciate fully the significance of the instructional activity Students should be instructed in the safe use of dissection instruments Special care should be taken to avoid cuts or scratches when cleaning scalpels and needles Specimens should be obtained which if originally preserved in formalin have been shipped in alternative low toxicity preservatives see section J Risks in Use of Formaldehyde Preserved specimens should be thoroughly washed including the abdominal cavities of large specimens before being handled by the students When specimens are being removed from the preservative solution rubber gloves should be worn or forceps or tongs should be used depend ing on the size of the specimen Use eye protec tive devices to protect against splashes and fumes Preservative fumes may be irritating to the eyes nose and thro
209. etting leakproof contain ers and labeling practices These controls shall be established to eliminate or minimize employee exposure Personal protective equipment when occu pational exposure exists Personal protective equipment may include but is not limited to gloves gowns laboratory coats face shields or masks eye protective devices mouth pieces resuscitation bags pocket masks and other ventilation devices Housekeeping The work site shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition equipment and environmental and working surfaces shall be cleaned and decontaminated after exposure and regulated waste shall be appropriately stored and disposed of Warning labels in fluorescent orange or orange red shall either be securely affixed to containers of regulated waste or be an integral part of the container The label shall include the following symbol and legend VJ BIOHAZARD or in the case of regulated waste the legend BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination After appropriate training and within 10 days of their initial working assignment designated employees shall be offered at no cost to themselves vaccination against the hepatitis B virus A record shall be kept of designated employees acceptance or declination of the vaccine Postexposure Evaluation and Follow up All unvaccinated employees who have rendered assistance in any situation involving the presence of blood or other
210. exempted from the labeling requirements of subsection g 7 Individual containers of blood or other potentially infectious materials that are placed in a labeled container during storage transport shipment or disposal are ex empted from the labeling requirement 8 Labels required for contaminated equipment shall be in accordance with this subsection and shall also state which portions of the equipment remain contaminated 9 Regulated waste that has been decontaminated need not be labeled or color coded 2 Information and Training A Employers shall ensure that all employees with occupational exposure participate in a training program which must be provided at no cost to the employee and during working hours B Training shall be provided as follows 1 At the time of initial assignment to tasks where occupational exposure may take place 2 At least annually thereafter C For employees who have received training on bloodborne pathogens in the year preceding the effective date of the standard only training with respect to the provisions of the standard which were not included need be provided D Annual training for all employees shall be provided within one year of their previous training E Employers shall provide additional training when changes such as modification of tasks or procedures or institution of new tasks or procedures affect the employee s occupational exposure The additional t
211. f cord and plug connected equipment that are likely to become energized shall be grounded This equipment includes motor driven equipment and hand tools time clocks fans lamps vacuum cleaners and similar equipment as well as heating devices that have ex posed heating elements Heating appliances that have a metal frame must be grounded Heating appliances with Cal rod types of fully enclosed elements do not require grounding All nonportable electrical devices must be plugged directly into permanent electrical outlets not into extension cords C Model Rocket Launchings on School Sites California state fire laws permit the launching of model rockets on school sites provided the following safety precautions are followed see Appendix Q for further guidelines 1 The teacher should use prudent judgment and limit the number of launchings when students are present in the audience 2 Only authorized classes or clubs should engage in this kind of activity on school sites 3 Application for a special permit may be required by local fire protection agencies If a permit is D Use and Hazards of Lasers 79 issued in the name of the school administrator it 1s incumbent also on the instructor to comply with all safety standards The school administrator should determine compliance 4 The length of the rocket must not measure less than 10 inches 25 cm or more than 15 inches 38 cm 5 Only commercially produced class A or
212. f the fungus that causes that disease Soil contaminated with old chicken pigeon or bat drop pings may contain the spores of the fungus that causes histoplasmosis Soil from archeological sites the land around old buildings and animal burrows should be avoided regardless of the location F Operation of Pressure Cooker for Sterilization 1 Before using the pressure cooker the teacher should be familiar with the proper directions for its operation 2 The safety valve should be examined to make sure itis in working order 3 The gauge pressure should be kept at or below a maximum of 20 pounds per square inch 4 The pressure should be returned to zero before the cover can be safely removed 5 The test stopcock should be opened before the clamp can be safely released 6 An eye protective device should be used when working with a cooker under pressure G Extraction of Chlorophyll Using Flammable Solvents 1 An electric heater of the immersion type or a water bath heated by an electric hot plate should be used 2 An open flame heated water bath for heating the alcohol or other solvents should never be used 3 Flames should be kept away from solvents or vapors If a solvent ignites in the beaker cover the beaker with a glass plate to extinguish the fire If burning solvent is spilled on the table use either the carbon dioxide or 2A 10BC dry powder fog extinguisher or the fire blanket These devices should be kept read
213. ffice of the Department of Toxic Substances Control see Appendix K J Risks in Use of Formaldehyde 25 Risks in Use of Ethidium Bromide Used as a staining agent for gel plates in recombi nant DNA protocols ethidium bromide has been tested extensively and has been shown to be a potent mu tagen Although ethidium bromide has not yet been tested for carcinogenicity scientists believe that chemicals that can cause mutations by altering DNA should be treated as though they have carcinogenic potential as well Therefore great care must be used when handling ethidium bromide The highest potential for either respiratory or dermal exposure is during the weighing and prepara tion of stock solutions In addition splashing in the eye or on the skin can occur during the dyeing of gels Because ethidium bromide presents high risks for anyone its use should be limited to instructors only Note that industrial hygienists at the California Depart ment of Health Services recommend that ethidium bromide not be used in the high school laboratory However when its use cannot be avoided the Depart ment of Health Services recommends the following handling practices 1 Ethidium bromide powder and stock solutions should be kept in a locked cabinet 2 Ethidium bromide powder and ethidium bromide solutions should be handled only by the instructor Preparation of stock solutions and the dyeing and rinsing of gels should be done only by the
214. fire and earthquake drill procedures Roll long sleeves above the wrist Long hanging necklaces bulky jewelry and excessive and bulky clothing should not be worn in the laboratory 7 Confine long hair during a laboratory activity 8 Wear shoes that cover the toes rather than sandals in the laboratory 9 Wear appropriate eye protection as directed by the instructor whenever you are working in the laboratory Safety goggles must be worn during hazardous activities involving caustic corrosive chemicals heating of liquids and other activities that may injure the eyes Splashes and fumes from hazardous chemicals present a special danger to wearers of contact lenses There fore students should preferably wear regular glasses inside splash proof goggles when appropriate during all class activities or purchase personal splash proof goggles and wear them whenever exposure to chemi cals or chemical fumes is possible 2 Nn 10 155 School District Place books purses and other such items in the designated storage area Take only laboratory manuals and notebooks into the working area Report any accident to the teacher immediately no matter how minor Included are reports on any burn scratch cut or corrosive liquid on skin or clothing Students with open skin wounds on hands must wear gloves or be excused from the laboratory activity Eating or drinking in the laboratory or from laboratory equipment
215. flected in the guidelines of the Interna tional Science and Engineering Fair ISEF which has established rules that are intended to ensure the safety of students to protect the subjects and environments studied and to limit the liability of the adults who assist with the projects 2Liability of Teachers for Laboratory Safety and Field Trips in NSTA Handbook 1994 95 Arlington Va National Science Teachers Associa tion 1994 p 242 See a reprint of this position statement in Appendix A 3 ISEF Operational Guidelines for Scientific Review Committees and Institutional Review Boards Included with the International Rules for Precollege Science Research Guidelines for Science Fairs June 1995 May 1996 Washington D C Science Service Inc 1995 2 Chapter 1 Introduction Responsibilities of Students and Parents Through their own educational background and training most science teachers have learned to use safe laboratory techniques as a matter of course Because many students have not had the opportunities at home and in school to observe and practice safety proce dures the science laboratory is a good place to begin learning the fundamentals Students have a responsi bility to themselves and their classmates to learn and observe safety practices in all participatory science activities In addition students should adopt positive attitudes about the need for safety in a laboratory setting Students
216. fluid pericardial fluid peritoneal fluid amniotic fluid saliva in dental procedures any other body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood such as saliva or vomitus and all body fluids in situations where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between body fluids such as emergency response 2 Any unfixed tissue or organ other than intact skin from a human living or dead and 3 HIV containing cell or tissue cultures organ cultures and HIV or HBV containing culture medium or other solutions and blood organs or other tissues from experimental animals infected with HIV or HBV Parenteral means piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needlesticks human bites cuts and abrasions Personal Protective Equipment is specialized clothing or equipment worn or used by an employee for protection against a hazard General work clothes e g uniforms pants shirts or blouses not intended to function as protec tion against a hazard are not considered to be personal protective equipment Regulated Waste means liquid or semi liquid blood or other potentially infectious materials in a liquid or semi liquid state if compressed items that are caked with dried blood or other potentially infectious materials and are capable of releasing these materials during handling contaminated sharps and pathological and microbiological wastes containing blood or other pote
217. for eyes get medical attention Do not add water to contents while in a container because of violent reaction 5 1 2 under dry conditions CORROSIVE 8 chemical hazardous liquid eye skin and respiratory tract irritant Absorbs water with violent reaction and emits heat water Wash skin with soap and water Internal DO NOT induce vomiting Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid A Toluene WARNING Flammable Poisonous and flammable External An exposed Vapor harmful liquid Central nervous person should be removed Keep away from heat and system depressant Skin immediately to fresh air open flame eyes nose throat irritant and kept warm and quiet Keep container closed Use only with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin 7 1 or 2S 2 FLAMMABLE 3 Exposure at high levels can irritate lungs Inhalation during pregnancy may cause birth defects Seek medical attention Flush eyes with water 1 1 2 Trichloro 1 2 2 trifluorethane
218. for eye protection against impact and splash Goggles also serve to reduce the dust and fumes reaching the eye Face shield for partial personal face protection against splash or impact Face shields should ordinarily be used in conjunction with goggles Safety shield for group protection from splash and impact The safety shield should be used with goggles and if appropriate with a face shield Specifications for eye protective devices include the following 1 lenses must have a minimum thickness of 3 mm and be impact resistant 2 frames must be a lens retaining type made of nonflammable material and 3 goggles must be splash proof See Table 4 for further information about recommended supplies of eye safety devices TABLE 4 Recommended Supplies of Safety Devices for Eyes Device Recommended Allowance 1 Goggles plastic splash proof vented standard Z87 1 2 Goggles plastic splash proof nonvented 3 Face shield Qquickly adjustable 4 Cabinet germicidal ultraviolet capacity 35 goggles 5 Safety shield flat 6 Safety shield curved One class set of 35 for each school science laboratory This number allows for visitors breakage and loss Five for each science laboratory One for each teaching station preparation room and project room One for each class set of goggles One for two classrooms One for two classrooms Note These eye protective devices should not be considered 1
219. forts will also contribute to the efforts of each city and county to divert 25 percent of their solid waste from landfills by 1995 and 50 percent by 2000 through source reduction recycling and composting as mandated by the Public Resources Code Division 30 Section 41780 A campuswide waste management program that involves all departments including those of art and photography auto shop agriculture and maintenance operations provides the district with even greater cost savings in waste reduction Pointing out to students faculty administrators and maintenance staff the benefits of reducing their personal exposure to poten tially hazardous chemicals is essential in obtaining campuswide commitment to the program Vital information about worker safety can be solicited from industrial hygienists who work in local industries And community businesses can provide professionals who will explain the advantages of source reduction Once campuswide support for safety and reduction goals is established the personal fiscal and ecological ben efits will be evident almost immediately Assessment of Current Waste Policy Before designing a waste reduction plan school authorities should perform an assessment of the school s current waste generation sources and waste management practices Such an audit will provide insight into more effective waste reduction methods and assist in planning and allocating resources toward the reduction of
220. g Seek immediate medical attention Nonfire Fire External irrigate skin and eyes with water Seek 2 1 3 0XIDIZER 5 1 immediate medical POISON attention A Lead Oxide WARNING Harmful dust Toxic by ingestion and Inhalation Move to fresh Avoid breathing dust Wear dust mask approved by U S Bureau of Mines for this purpose Wash thoroughly before eating or smoking Keep away from food or food products 10 1 3 Not regulated inhalation Known carcinogen Reproductive toxin air If breathing has stopped give artificial respiration Seek immediate medical attention Internal Induce vomiting Seek immediate medical attention External irrigate skin and eyes with water Seek immediate medical attention A Lead Peroxide dioxide Oxidizer Avoid breathing dust 2 1 3 OXIDIZER 5 1 Toxic by inhalation and ingestion Dangerous fire risk in contact with organic material Known carcinogen Reproductive toxin Inhalation Move to fresh air If breathing has stopped give artificial respiration Seek immediate medical attention Internal Induce vomiting Seek immediate medical attention External irrigate skin and eyes with water Seek immediate medical attention A Lead Sulfate Corrosive Avoid breathing dust 10 1 3 CORROSIVE 8 Toxic serious skin irritant Known carcinogen Reproductive toxin Inhalation Move to fresh air If breathing has stopped give artific
221. g storage transport or shipping iii Labeled and color coded in accordance with subsection g 1 A of this section and iv Closed prior to removal to prevent spillage or protrusion of contents during handling storage transport or shipping 3 Handling storage treatment and disposal of all regulated waste shall be in accordance with Health and Safety Code Chapter 6 1 and other applicable regulations of the United States the State and political subdivisions of the state D Laundry 1 Contaminated laundry shall be handled as little as possible with a minimum of agitation a Contaminated laundry shall be bagged or container ized at the location where it was used and shall not be sorted or rinsed in the location of use b Contaminated laundry shall be placed and trans ported in bags or containers labeled or color coded in accordance with subsection g 1 A of this standard When a facility utilizes Universal Precautions in the handling of all soiled laundry alternative labeling or color coding is sufficient if it permits all employees to recognize the containers as requiring compliance with Universal Precau tions c Whenever contaminated laundry is wet and repre sents a reasonble likelihood of soak through of or leakage Appendix B 123 from the bag or container the laundry shall be placed and transported in bags or containers which prevent soak through and or leakage of fluids to the exterior
222. g at which the hood face velocity will meet the requirements of subsection c Any hood failing to meet requirements of subsection c and this paragraph shall be considered deficient in airflow and shall be posted with placards plainly visible which prohibit use of hazardous substances within the hood 2 When flammable gases or liquids are used or when combustible liquids are heated above their flashpoints hoods that are not bypassed shall have permanent stops installed which will restrict closure of the sash so that sufficient airflow is maintained to prevent explosions Concentrations in the duct shall not exceed 20 of the lower explosive limits Appendix B 115 3 In addition to requirements in Section 5143 a 5 a means shall be provided at the hood to continuously indicate that air is flowing into the exhaust system during operation The ability of the hood to maintain an inward flow as required by c above shall be demonstrated using smoke tubes or other suitable qualitative methods upon initial installation repairs or renovations of the facility hood or ventilation system or the addition of large equipment into the hood 4 Exhaust stacks shall be located in such a manner with respect to air intakes as to preclude the recirculation of laboratory type hood emissions within a building Ventilation Requirements for Biological Safety Cabinets 51542 4 Biological safety cabinet A ventilated cabinet w
223. g caustic corrosive chemicals heating of liquids and other activities that may injure the eyes Splashes and fumes from hazardous chemicals present a special danger to wearers of contact lenses There fore students should preferably wear regular glasses inside splash proof goggles when appropriate during all class activities or purchase personal splash proof goggles and wear them whenever exposure to chemi cals or chemical fumes is possible Students with open skin wounds on hands must wear gloves or be excused from the laboratory activity Never carry hot equipment or dangerous chemicals through a group of students Check labels and equipment instructions carefully Be sure correct items are used in the proper manner Be aware if the chemicals being used are hazardous Know where the material safety data sheet MSDS is and what it indicates for each of the hazardous chemi cals you are using 143 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Never taste anything or touch chemicals with the hands unless specifically instructed to do so Test for odor of chemicals only by waving your hand above the container and sniffing cautiously from a distance Eating or drinking in the laboratory or from laboratory equipment is not permitted Use a mechanical pipette filler never the mouth when measuring or transferring small quantities of liquid wit
224. g nausea and fever even death Always use a fume hood E Steps for Establishing a Safer Chemicals Storage Area The issues of safe storage and use of chemicals and the supervision of laboratory safety are addressed in several sections of the Education Code and the California Code of Regulations Title 8 see excerpts in Appendix B The following is a summary of some of the relevant stipulations in those codes Each school offering laboratory work is urged to designate a trained member of the professional staff as the person responsible for the review updating and carrying out of the school s adopted procedures for laboratory safety Education Code Section 49341 b School districts are encouraged to take steps to ensure hazardous materials are properly used and stored Education Code Section 49401 5 a School districts shall have guidelines for the regular removal and disposal of all chemicals whose estimated shelf life has elapsed Education Code Section 49411 b Employers are required to have a written hazard communication program for employees working in laboratories in which the employees may be exposed to hazardous substances except for those laboratories under the direct supervision and regular observation of an individual who has knowledge of the physical hazards health hazards and emergency procedures associated with the use of the particular hazardous substances involved and who conveys this knowledge
225. g the transporting 2 Different hazardous waste materials are not mixed within a container during the transporting 3 If the hazardous waste is extremely hazardous waste or acutely hazardous waste the extremely hazardous waste was not generated in the course of any business and is not more than 2 2 pounds 4 The person transporting the hazardous waste is the producer of that hazardous waste and the person produces not more than 100 kilograms of hazardous waste in any month 5 The person transporting the hazardous waste does not accumulate more than a total of 1 000 kilograms of hazardous waste on site at any one time Although passenger vehicles generally are exempt from the requirements of posting placards and labeling containers trucks are not exempt and must comply with the Department of Transportation s regulations Anyone transporting hazardous materials should place the materials as far away from themselves as possible Care should be taken to separate the chemicals accord ing to their compatibility Absorbent packing materials E Steps for Establishing a Safer Chemicals Storage Area 37 add an extra dimension of safety in case of accidental spills Other avenues for disposing of hazardous waste are as follows 1 Milkrun operations for transporting hazardous waste Schools generating hazardous waste can greatly reduce their pickup and disposal costs by participating in milkrun operations Calif
226. ght throughout use and iii Replaced routinely and not be allowed to overfill c When moving containers of contaminated sharps from the area of use the containers shall be i Closed immediately prior to removal or replace ment to prevent spillage or protrusion of contents during handling storage transport or shipping ii Placed in a secondary container if leakage is possible The second container shall be A Closable B Constructed to contain all contents and prevent leakage during handling storage transport or shipping and C Labeled according to subsection g 1 A of this section d Reusable containers shall not be opened emptied or cleaned manually or in any other manner which would expose employees to the risk of percutaneous injury 2 Other Regulated Waste Containment a Regulated waste shall be placed in containers which are 1 Closable ii Constructed to contain all contents and prevent leakage during handling storage transport or shipping iii Labeled and color coded in accordance with subsection g 1 A of this section and iv Closed prior to removal to prevent spillage or protrusion of contents during handling storage transport or shipping b If outside contamination of the regulated waste container occurs it shall be placed in a second con tainer The second container shall be i Closable ii Constructed to contain all contents and prevent leakage during handlin
227. h a pipette When heating material in a test tube do not look into the tube or point it in the direction of any person during the process Never pour reagents back into bottles exchange stoppers of bottles or lay stoppers on the table When diluting acids always pour acids into water never the reverse Combine the liquids slowly while stirring to distribute heat buildup throughout the mixture Keep hands away from face eyes and clothes while using solutions specimens equipment or materials in the laboratory Wash hands as necessary and wash thoroughly at the conclusion of the laboratory period To treat a burn from an acid or alkali wash the affected area immediately with plenty of running water If the eye is involved irrigate it at the eyewash station without interruption for 15 minutes Report the incident to your instructor immediately Know the location of the emergency shower eyewash and facewash station fire blanket fire extinguisher fire alarm box and exits Know the proper fire and earthquake drill procedures Roll long sleeves above the wrist Long hanging necklaces bulky jewelry and excessive and bulky clothing should not be worn in the laboratory Confine long hair during a laboratory activity Wear shoes that cover the toes rather than sandals in the laboratory Keep work areas clean Floors and aisles should be kept clear of equipment and materials Light gas burners only as instructed by the teache
228. hands and any other skin with soap and water or flush mucous membranes with water immediately or as soon as feasible following contact of such body areas with blood or other potentially infectious materials G Contaminated needles and other contaminated sharps shall not be bent recapped or removed except as noted in subsections d 2 G 1 and d 2 G 2 below Shearing or breaking of contaminated needles is prohibited D Eating drinking smoking applying cosmetics or lip balm and handling contact lenses are prohibited in work areas where there is a reasonable likelihood of occupational exposure J Food and drink shall not be kept in refrigerators freezers shelves cabinets or on countertops or benchtops where blood or other potentially infectious materials are present K AII procedures involving blood or other potentially infectious materials shall be performed in such a manner as to minimize splashing spraying spattering and generation of droplets of these substances L Mouth pipetting suctioning of blood or other potentially infectious materials is prohibited M Specimens of blood or other potentially infectious materials shall be placed in a container which prevents leakage during collection handling processing storage transport or shipping 1 The container for storage transport or shipping shall be labeled or color coded according to subsection YA 3 Personal Protective Equ
229. hat person meets the conditions specified in subsection c of Section 25163 Hazardous Materials Release Response Plans and Inventory The following is a summary of the relevant sections of Chapter 6 95 Ed 25500 In order to protect public health and safety and the environment it is necessary to establish business and area plans relating to the handling and release of hazardous materials Basic information on location type quantity and the health risks of hazardous materials handled used stored or disposed of is necessary to prevent or mitigate the damage to the health and safety of persons and the environ ment from the release or threatened release of hazardous materials into the workplace and environment 25502 Every county is required through a designated adminis tering agency to implement the establishment of business and area plans as to the handling of hazardous materials and assure availability and access of information to emergency rescue personnel and other appropriate entities A city may assume that responsibility within its boundaries coordinat ing its activities with the county in which it is located 25503 3 Businesses handling hazardous materials shall annually complete a hazardous materials reporting form and submit it to the administering agency 25503 5 Any business which handles a quantity of hazardous material which at any time during the year is equal to or greater than a total weight of
230. he apparatus should revolve at moderate speeds only 14 Care should be taken to prevent injuries from the sharp edges on mirrors prisms and glass plates Inspect the items before handing them to students and remove sharp edges by grinding them with emery cloth or Carborundum stone or painting them with quick drying enamel Instruct students to report at once any sharp edged apparatus 15 The practice of removing thermometers glass tubing and so on from rubber stoppers as soon as possible after use will reduce the likelihood of the rubber adhering to the glass The best ways in which to remove a thermometer rod or glass tubing that is stuck in a rubber stopper are as follows Use a wet cork borer just large enough to slip over the tubing and slowly work the cork borer through the stopper thus boring the stuck tube out of the stopper Use a single edge razor blade or razor knife to slit open the rubber stopper surrounding an immobilized thermometer B Electrical Devices and Connectors The use of electricity can present a serious hazard in the classroom or laboratory Electrical devices used in the laboratory or classroom should be only those listed by Underwriters Laboratory UL or equivalent for 110 volt outlet application or those listed for use with 6 volt or 12 volt direct current furnished by batteries Electrical devices should never be used or placed near any source of water or in an area subject to wetting fro
231. he State Department of Education in cooperation with the Division of Occupational Safety and Health within the Department of Industrial Relations shall formulate a listing of chemical compounds used in school programs that includes the potential hazards and estimated shelf life of each compound emphasis added 114 Appendix B b The Superintendent of Public Instruction in cooperation with the Division of Occupational Safety and Health within the Department of Industrial Relations shall develop guidelines for school districts for the regular removal and disposal of all chemicals whose estimated shelf life has elapsed c The county superintendent of schools may imple ment a system for disposing of chemicals from schools within the county or may permit school districts to arrange for the disposal of the chemicals See Appendix C for reimbursable costs of implement ing Education Code Section 49411 Ed Instruction in Personal and Public Health and Safety 51202 Personal and public safety and accident prevention The adopted course of study shall provide instruction at the appropriate elementary and secondary grade levels and subject areas in personal and public safety and accident prevention including emergency first aid instruction instruction in hemorrhage control treatment for poisoning resuscitation techniques and cardiopulmonary resuscitation when appropriate equipment is available fire prevention the protection
232. he floor Anything that can be used as a cover tables chairs books to provide protection from falling ceiling tiles or other objects will decrease the likelihood of injury Each drill should be followed by an evaluation including the assessment of any hazardous condition that should have been corrected The follow up discussion should not only reinforce the idea of where to seek shelter and how to protect oneself but also provide a forum in which students can voice their concerns thus minimizing the possibility of panic if an earthquake does occur In addition science staff should take the time to evaluate the preparedness of the entire department and go through each room to estimate the consequences of a severe earthquake at any given moment This action should lead to continual improvement in the prepared ness of basic structures as well as improved house keeping procedures Step two Obtain or draw a map of the school and school grounds Use the map to note potential hazards and to mark the location of utilities emergency equipment and supplies Be sure to mark the locations of the following items Main shut off valves for water and gas Electrical power master switch Stoves and heating air conditioning equipment Chemical storage areas and gas lines in laboratories Fire extinguishers First aid equipment H Earthquake Preparation 101 The map can also be used as the basis for a tracing an evacuation
233. he use of the operator s hands and so that the valve remains activated until inten tionally shut off for all but hand held drench hoses Personal eyewash units shall deliver potable water or other eye flushing solution approved by the consulting physician e Maintenance Plumbed eyewash and shower equipment shall be activated at least monthly to flush the line and to verify proper operation Other units shall be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer s instruc tions Spill and Overflow Control 5163 a Where a corrosive substance is handled in an open container or drawn from a reservoir or pipe line safe means shall be taken to neutralize or dispose of spills and over flows promptly Storage of Hazardous Substances 5164 a Substances which when mixed react violently or evolve toxic vapors or gases or which in combination become hazardous by reason of toxicity oxidizing power flammability explosibility or other properties shall be separated from each other in storage by distance by partitions or otherwise so as to preclude accidental contact between them b Hazardous substances shall be stored in containers which are chemically inert to and appropriate for the type and quantity of the hazardous substance c Containers of hazardous substances shall not be stored in such locations or manner as to result in damage to 116 Appendix B the container Containers shall not be stored where the
234. he various learning activities planned 6 The following equipment or conditions are adequate Counter and work space for all students to do laboratory activities at one time a Electrical outlets a Gas outlets a e Sinks and water faucets a Space between laboratory stations a Ventilation for the laboratory activities planned or a manually controlled purge system for the rapid exchange of room air a 7 There are ground fault circuit interrupters GFCIs on electrical outlets near sinks a 8 Cabinets and open shelves are equipped with lips or restraining wires to prevent spilling of chemicals or broken glassware during an explosion or earthquake a 9 The room has at least two exits a 10 The light level is adequate about 75 to 100 foot candles at work surfaces a 11 Separate designated waste containers are provided for Broken glass a Spent matches wood splints toothpicks and so on El Flammable waste chemicals a Nonflammable waste chemicals a 151 152 Appendix H 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Quantities of hazardous chemicals kept on hand are limited to the amounts needed during one school year Proper labels and signs are kept in place on all chemicals and on the storage area A chemical spill kit is available for emergency use Chemical containers are inspected periodically for
235. he vendor s instructions or b disposal if an outside vendor is not used by placing the waste in containers that are Closable Constructed to contain all contents and prevent leakage of fluids during handling storage transport or shipping Appropriately labeled and color coded Closed prior to removal to prevent spillage or protrusion of contents during handling storage transport or shipping The entire activity area should be wiped down with a 1 10 bleach solution following the experi ment As usual washing hands with soap and water after the laboratory activity is mandatory E Special Concerns in the Study of Fungi and Molds 23 Epithelial Tissue Study Students should exercise great care in obtaining epithelial cells from the inside of the cheek for study under the microscope Only a cotton tipped swab or the blunt edge of a toothpick should be used Never use pointed instruments or any part of a scalpel for this purpose Only student volunteers who bring a permission note signed by a parent would conduct this experiment Precautions and cleanup procedures similar to those used in blood sampling should be followed Use of Microscopes and Hand Lenses When students have eye infections they should not be permitted to use school microscopes or hand lenses Experiments with Bacteria and Fungi 1 All bacteria and fungi should be handled as though they were pathogens Pathogenic bacteria sho
236. hemical profile inventories for chemical disposal purposes supervision monitor ing of contractor during on site related activities All contractor fees charges for review and computer entry of inventories All costs for the regular removal and disposal of chemicals that have not yet reached a retrograde condition Health and Safety Code Section 25121 5 but still pose a significant threat to the health and safety of teachers staff and students as established by 137 the most current Department of Education guidelines The costs of regular removal and disposal may include but are not limited to the following a Consultant fees for supervision of lab packing loading and so forth b Contractor fees and charges for the packing of laboratory chemicals and transportation of waste and the charges associated with the final disposi tion of the waste material including treatment recycling incineration and landfill disposal All costs incurred by the school district for packing the chemicals in house using district personnel These costs may include disposable body suits protective gloves shipping containers drums liners etc approved by the Department of Transportation DOT absorbent materials for spill containment and lab packing DOT approved shipping labels for DOT containers publications used for reference by and training of district personnel including this document Science Safety Handbook for Cal
237. her Know the proper fire and earthquake drill procedures Roll long sleeves above the wrist Long hanging necklaces bulky jewelry and excessive and bulky clothing should not be worn in the laboratory Confine long hair during a laboratory activity Wear shoes that cover the toes rather than sandals in the laboratory Wear appropriate eye protection as directed by the instructor whenever you are working in the laboratory Safety goggles must be worn during hazardous activities involving caustic corrosive chemicals heating of liquids and other activities that may injure the eyes 10 Splashes and fumes from hazardous chemicals present a special danger to wearers of contact lenses There fore students should preferably wear regular glasses inside splash proof goggles when appropriate during all class activities or purchase personal splash proof 167 School District goggles and wear them whenever exposure to chemi cals or chemical fumes is possible Place books purses and such items in the designated storage area Take only laboratory manuals and notebooks into the working area 12 Report any accident to the teacher immediately no matter how minor including reporting any burn Scratch cut or corrosive liquid on skin or clothing 13 Students with open skin wounds on hands must wear gloves or be excused from the laboratory activity 14 Eating or drinking in the laboratory or from labor
238. her persons who may be present Misfires After any misfire the rocket shall be allowed to remain in the launch position for at least one full minute before the rocket is approached All disarming shall be performed under the supervision of the instructor in charge The person checking the misfire shall wear a face shield APPENDIX R S AMPLE PERMISSION SLIP FIELD TRIP School Teacher Date Student s name Subject A field trip has been scheduled for the class which includes the student named above on date Transportation is by bus etc which will leave the school at a m p m and return at approximately a m p m The field activities will take place at location The purposes of the trip are as follows Each student will be expected to Dress requirements options are as follows Possible hazards and necessary precautions are as follows List below any special allergies or sensitivities e g to plants animals pollen foods chemicals bee stings or other concerns you may have that might affect the student s safety on the field trip Parent s or Guardian s Statement Ihave read the description of the proposed field activity noted above and give my consent for this student to engage in the field trip I pledge my cooperation in making her him aware of the precautions as necessary and in urging that she he observe the precau
239. hich serves as a primary containment device for operations involving biohazard agents or biohazardous materials Three classes of biological safety cabinets are described below Class I The Class I biological safety cabinet is an open fronted negative pressure ventilated cabinet Exhaust air from the cabinet is filtered by a high efficiency particu late air HEPA filter and discharged without internal recirculation This cabinet may be used in three operational modes with a full width open front with an installed front closure panel not equipped with gloves and with an installed front closure panel equipped with arm length protective gloves Class II The Class II vertical laminar flow biological safety cabinet is an open fronted ventilated cabinet Exhaust air is filtered with a high efficiency particulate air filter HEPA This cabinet provides HEPA filtered down ward air flow within the work space Class III The Class III biological safety cabinet is a totally enclosed negative pressure ventilated cabinet of gas tight construction Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment 5162 a Plumbed or self contained eyewash or eye facewash equipment which meets the requirements of sections 5 7 or 9 of ANSI Z358 1 1981 Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment incorporated herein by this reference shall be provided at all work areas where during routine operations or foreseeable emergencies the eyes of an employee may c
240. hot plate microwave and techniques in their use Material safety data sheets MSDSs Waste disposal containers for glass chemicals matches paper wood DO DOODODDODO The student will abide by the Biological Science Laboratory Regulations to prevent accidents and injury to herself or himself and others and will Follow all additional instructions given by the teacher Conduct herself or himself in a responsible manner at all times in the laboratory List below any special allergies or sensitivities e g to plants animals pollen foods chemicals bee stings that may affect the student s safety in the laboratory or on field trips Check this box if the student wears contact lenses BL Student s Statement I have in my possession and have read the Biological Science Laboratory Regulations pages 155 56 and agree to abide by them at all times while in the laboratory I have received specific safety instruction as indicated above Signature of student Date Parent s or Guardian s Statement I have read the Biological Science Laboratory Regulations pages 155 56 and give my consent for the student who has signed the preceding statement to engage in laboratory activities using a variety of science equipment and materials including those described I pledge my cooperation in urging that she or he observe the safety regulations prescribed Signature of parent or guardian Date Return the comp
241. ht of 50 pounds are exempt from the requirements concerning possession of a manifest while transporting hazardous waste upon meeting all of the following conditions 1 The hazardous wastes are transported in closed containers and packed in a manner that prevents containers from tipping spilling or breaking during the transporting 2 Different hazardous waste materials are not mixed within a container during the transporting 3 If the hazardous waste is extremely hazardous waste or acutely hazardous waste the extremely hazardous waste or acutely hazardous waste was not generated in the course of any business and is not more than 2 2 pounds 4 The person transporting the hazardous waste is the producer of that hazardous waste and the person produces 136 Appendix B not more than 100 kilograms of hazardous waste in any month 5 The person transporting the hazardous waste does not accumulate more than a total of 1 000 kilograms of hazardous waste onsite at any one time e It is unlawful for any person to transport hazardous waste in any truck trailer not inspected by the Depart ment of the California Highway Patrol 25163 1 The Department shall not adopt any regulations requiring a person hauling hazardous wastes who is not in the business of hauling hazardous wastes or who is not hauling these wastes as part of or incidental to any busi ness to obtain the registration specified if t
242. hysical Science 169 Safety Precautions for Rocket Launchings on School Sites 170 Sample Permission Slip Field Trip 172 Outbreaks of Coccidioidomycosis Associated with Field Work 173 Disposal of Empty Containers 174 Note Procedures discussed in this handbook involve potential dangers to persons animals and other living things and therefore should be performed only by persons who are technically trained and qualified SAXIANA dd V APPENDIX A LIABILITY AND THE SCIENCE TEACHER A Self Examination During the past few years teacher liability has been discussed in faculty lounges staff meetings and profes sional journals By now most teachers are aware of the factors that contribute to gross negligence and thus to liability for accidents that occur in the classroom or the field In each of the cases described below a science teacher was being sued for liability As a member of the jury would you judge these teachers guilty or not Assume that the relevant facts have been given Place a check in front of each case in which you would vote for a guilty verdict The answers will be given below 1 A biology teacher requested a student to bring a glass beaker from the back of the room to his demonstration table The student slipped and fell and received serious wounds from the broken beaker A student in a chemistry laboratory injured himself while inserting a piece of glass tubing into a rubber stopper The teacher h
243. iagram 11B The bottom space is used primarily to identify unusual reactivity with water A W with a line through its center W indicates a possible hazard in the use of water Oxidizing chemicals are identified by OXY or OX and a radiation hazard by this symbol E Colored backgrounds or colored numbers usually supplement the spatial arrangement to identify the hazard categories blue denotes health red flammabil ity and yellow reactivity Because of fiscal limita tions the color code is not used in this handbook Metals storage Oxidizers storage Ammonium nitrate storage Bases cabinet Acids cabinet Isolated nitric acid storage Flammables cabinet Poisons drawer Compressed gases nonflammable oxidizing chained strapped to a wall Compressed gases flammable chained strapped to a wall Low hazard chemicals storage with earth quake lips secured to walls Sink counter with hot cold water gas electricity exhaust hood cabinet underneath Refrigerator Emergency shower and eyewash station First aid kit ABC fire extinguisher Fire blanket Plastic waste receptacles Chemical spill kit Chemical inventory system including MSDS Conference prep area Emergency evacuation procedure Apparatus glassware storage cabinets with earthquake lips secured to walls Adjacent classroom laboratories Hall or outside exit all doors self closing and lockable 9o ON SA a o p
244. ial respiration Seek immedi ate medical attention Internal Induce vomiting Seek immediate medical attention External irrigate skin and eyes with water Seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees Name and NFPA Symbol TABLE 3 Continued Label Hazard First Aid A Lead Sulfide Avoid breathing dust 10 1 3 Not regulated Toxic by ingestion and inhalation Known carcinogen Reproductive toxin Inhalation Move to fresh air If breathing has stopped give artificial respiration Seek immediate medical attention Internal Induce vomiting Seek immediate medical attention External Irrigate skin and eyes with water Seek immediate medical attention Lithium Dangerous water reactive explosion risk Use a class D fire extinguisher Dangerous when wet Causes severe burns on contact with skin eyes or lungs Ignites spontaneously in moist air highly flammable Compounds toxic if swallowed avoid inhalation of dust and skin contact Dispose of as extremely hazardous External Flush with water Seek immediate medical attention 1 1KM 3 FLAMMABLE wast
245. ic Schools 1987 s 9 25 1373 Challenge Standards for Student Success Health Education 1998 sessi nennen nnne 10 00 1409 Challenge Standards for Student Success Language Arts Student Work Addendum 1998 sss 12 75 1435 Challenge Standards for Student Success Physical Education 1998 1429 Challenge Standards for Student Success Visual and Performing Arts 1998 sss 12 50 1290 Challenge Toolkit Family School Compacts 1997 cococncciciccccocononononnnnnnnononnnncnnononnonnononn cocoa coronan nrenetrenet nete tne tree tne tete tre netne trennen 9 75 1375 Children Teaching Children CD ROM 1997 12 00 1466 Children Teaching Children II CD ROM 1999 12 00 1491 Collaborative Partners California s Experience with the 1997 Head Start Expansion Grants 2000 12 50 1391 Commodity Administrative Manual 1998 sese enne nne tnt tt tnt nnne 19 50 1285 Continuity for Young Children 1997 essent nennen ne trene thee nn ORO tne e treten tne te trennen teet eaa 7 50 1478 Coordinated Compliance Review Training Guide 2000 2001 1999 nee 22 00 1410 Ear Resistible Hearing Test Procedures for Infants Toddlers and Preschoolers Birth Through Five Years of Age 1998 10 00 1352 Educational Specifications Linking Design of School Facilities to Educational Program 1997 sse 1476 Educating E
246. icals to intermix and releasing toxic fumes and a corrosive slurry strong enough to eat through the flooring and cement That scenario may sound unreasonable but it happened at Coalinga High School in 1983 Consultant E Robert Bulman concludes in his report The Coalinga Earthquake A Report on Schools that although California s school buildings can structurally withstand an earthquake of magnitude 6 5 the shaking will cause a tremendous amount of glass breakage He recommends the following preventive measures a toxic chemicals must be stored on low shelves and in chemical proof pans b the floor must be acid proof c the school must keep an inventory of what is in the storeroom d the name of the nearest chemical burn center should be posted in the chemistry laboratory and e disaster drills must be conducted more fre quently See also Chapter 5 section E Steps for Establishing a Safer Chemicals Storage Area The experiences of Jack Grube who was adminis tering school science programs in the earthquake damaged areas during both the magnitude 6 9 earth quake in the San Francisco Bay Area on October 17 1989 and the 6 8 earthquake in Northridge California on January 17 1994 demonstrate the importance of preparedness He found that science preparation areas that are properly managed and have good storage practices can ride out strong earthquakes There was no damage to the contents of shelving that was secu
247. ifornia Public Schools Other miscellaneous costs incurred by the district that are imposed by local state and federal governmental agencies These costs are normally charged by the particular agency as taxes or surcharges such as excise tax fees generator fees and superfund taxes These costs are reimbursable only to the extent that they are incurred for the disposal of chemicals that have not yet reached a retrograde condition as specified above B Nonreimbursable Activities All costs incurred after June 30 1988 associated with the removal of chemicals that meet the definition of retrograde materials as defined in Health and Safety Code Section 25121 5 are nonreimbursable C Claim Preparation Each claim for reimbursement pursuant to this mandate must be filed in time and must set forth a list of each item for which reimbursement is claimed under this mandate The claim must contain the following information 1 Description of activity 2 Supporting documentation Claimed costs should be supported by the following information 138 Appendix C a Employee salaries and benefits Identify the employee s and show the classification of the employee s involved describe the mandated functions performed and specify the number of hours devoted to each function the productive hourly rate and the related benefits b Services and supplies Only those expenditures that can be identified as a direct cost of th
248. ilized allow instructors to track the consumption of the chemi cals they use and locate unused reagents and allow the monitoring of the shelf life of chemi cals The program could be implemented on either the district or individual school level by means of a computer database and specialized software or a standard filing system Waste reduction through everyday laboratory practices proper equipment and experimental design Although waste audits and up to date waste manage ment practices are essential to a campuswide waste reduction program the full cooperation and under standing of laboratory instructors are necessary if the program is to achieve success According to the Waste Audit Study of Research and Educational Institutions prepared for the California Department of Health Services Toxic Substances Control Division now the Department of Toxic Substances Control schools can markedly minimize waste generation by taking the following actions in the laboratory Before the laboratory experiment 1 Perform regular inspections By regularly inspect ing all containers the instructor can quickly replace those that are cracked or broken and so prevent spills and leaks 104 Chapter 7 Additional Safety Practices 2 4 Preweigh materials After students master the skill of using the balance to weigh substances it may be practical to preweigh materials for them Students laboratory productivity can be increased by
249. ily available H Risks in Use of Acrylamide In recent years polyacrylamide gels have been prepared in some school laboratories to achieve the isolation of specific molecules by electrophoretic techniques Schools are cautioned to cease this prac tice because acrylamide poses a potentially serious health hazard as a neurotoxin This substance has been classified as 2B possibly carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC and is included in the California Health and Welfare Agency s list titled Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity California Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 12000 Because there is a serious risk of inhalation exposure during the weighing of acrylamide powder for the preparation of gels schools should purchase only prepoured polyacrylamide gels from laboratory supply houses The prepoured gel presents less health risk because the acrylamide has chemically reacted to form a solid gel letter from the California Department of Health Services July 10 1992 Once the gel has solidified and been rinsed very little of the raw acrylamide remains Gloves should be worn at all times to prevent dermal exposure to any residual acrylamide found on the gels To avoid the hazard altogether schools can purchase prepoured gels made with acrylamide substitutes Questions about the proper disposal of polyacryla mide gels should be directed to your regional o
250. inated or at the end of the workshift if they may have become contaminated during the shift 122 Appendix B 3 All bins pails cans and similar receptacles intended for reuse which have a reasonable likelihood for becoming contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious materials shall be inspected and decontaminated on a regularly scheduled basis and cleaned and decontaminated immediately or as soon as feasible upon visible contamina tion 4 Broken glassware which may be contaminated shall not be picked up directly with the hands It shall be cleaned up using mechanical means such as a brush and dust pan tongs or forceps 5 Reusable sharps that are contaminated with blood or other potentially infectious materials shall not be stored or processed in a manner that requires employees to reach by hand into the containers where these sharps have been placed C Regulated Waste 1 Contaminated Sharps Discarding and Containment a Contaminated sharps shall be discarded immediately or as soon as feasible in containers that are 1 Closable ii Puncture resistant iii Leakproof on sides and bottom and iv Labeled in accordance with subsection g 1 A of this section b During use containers for contaminated sharps shall be i Easily accessible to personnel and located as close as is feasible to the immediate area where sharps are used or can be reasonably anticipated to be found ii Maintained upri
251. incidents and 5 the employee s training records The employee s medical records shall be kept confidential and maintained for at least the duration of employment plus 30 years Training records shall be maintained for three years from the date on which the training occurred All required records shall be made available to the Chief of Cal OSHA and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH for exami nation and copying A NOZEZr R ph ge APPENDIXES Liability and the Science Teacher 109 Liability of Teachers for Laboratory Safety and Field Trips 110 Legal Citations 111 Reimbursement for Removal and Disposal of Chemicals 137 Science Classroom First Aid and Safety Materials 140 Sample Accident Report 141 Regional Poison Centers 142 Sample Safety Regulations for Science Students 143 Student Science Safety Contract 145 Sample Science Laboratory Safety Test 146 Sample Safety Checklist for Science Instruction Preparation and Storage Areas 151 End of Year Safety and Energy Savings Procedures 154 Sample Biological Science Laboratory Regulations 155 Student Safety Contract Biological Science 157 Toxic Substances Control Regional Offices 158 Science Laboratory Safety Liability Checklist 159 Sample Chemical Inventory 161 Department of Transportation Hazard Classes 162 Carcinogen Report of Use Form 164 Sample Physical Science Laboratory Regulations 167 Student Safety Contract P
252. ing or tip or at points where the piping crosses expansion joints structurally separating the wings of a building Are automatic gas shut off devices that are sensitive to excess flow designed to be actuated by leak detectors or triggered by earthquakes 3 Windows Have the windows in the classroom laboratory or stockroom been equipped with safety glass or covered with protective film Additional help from the janitor or maintenance person may be needed d n d d n d n n d n d n d n d d d d d d d d d d d d 100 Chapter 7 Additional Safety Practices Phase 2 Hazard Reduction Projects After identifying the nonstructural hazards in your classroom laboratory stockroom and preparation room you need to determine the most effective method to mitigate those risks Step one Establish an earthquake awareness program Central to earthquake preparedness is the earth quake drill to teach students and staff how to respond immediately with life protecting action The proce dures for earthquake drills in science instructional areas need to be individualized for each room at each site however the following elements would be similar for all Duck cover and hold Students duck under their desks or tables cover their neck and head and hold on to a table leg Guard against potential hazards Extinguish flames Unplug electric cords
253. ing use a The fire blanket c The wind from running b A handy chemical d The CO fire extinguisher The correct way to move about the classroom or laboratory is to a Run c Hurry b Walk d Skip Helping to clean up the classroom or laboratory is the job of a New students c Each student b Old students d The teacher When you use laboratory equipment or chemicals you should give the procedure all of your a Interest c Effort b Attention d All of these a b and c Chemicals small parts glassware and stirring rods are not to be a Usedin the laboratory c Put on the bench b Put in your mouth d Taken from boxes To prevent accidents during laboratory activities with chemicals and equipment you should a Use shortcuts c Hurry ahead of teachers b Follow your teacher s directions d Ask someone else to do the work Playing as opposed to working in the laboratory or bothering another person is a Always against the rules c Not dangerous b All right d All right 1f you are working To be able to put out a fire quickly and safely you should know a How to use extinguishers c Which extinguisher is used for each class of fire b Where the extinguishers are located d All of the above If flammable liquids such as alcohol are spilled you should first a Let them dry up c Tell the teacher b Use a fire extinguisher d Pour water on them Before you touch an electrical switch plug or outlet
254. intained for all chemical substances Bottles containing acids or volatile organic liquids should be kept away from heating pipes or direct sunlight to avoid pressure buildup within the storage vessel 42 Chapter 5 Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory 9 10 Chemical Storage Compatibility Categories 1 Metals All metals except mercury see item 8 Phosphorus red only white or yellow phospho rus not recommended for school usage should also be stored here Flammable solids should be stored in the flammables cabinet Location Keep separate from oxidizers including ammonium nitrate halogens organic compounds and moisture Oxidizers All except ammonium nitrate Includes nitrates nitrites permanganates chlor ates perchlorates peroxides and hydrogen peroxide 30 percent or greater Location Keep separate from metals acids organic materials and ammonium nitrate Preferably isolate oxidizers from the flammable liquids storage cabinet by a minimum of eight meters 25 feet or by a one hour fire wall Ammonium nitrate Store in isolation from all other chemicals especially acids powdered metals flammable liquids chlorates nitrites sulfur and finely divided organic combustible materials Bases Strong bases sodium hydroxide potas sium hydroxide and other regulated bases and ammonium hydroxide Store in a dedicated corrosive chemicals storage cabinet that has an interior constructed en
255. iological Health CDRH of the United States Food and Drug Adminis tration requires the manufacturers of lasers to classify their lasers according to a federally mandated system and specifies appropriate safety features for each level Lasers are classified on the basis of emitted beam power These regulations are detailed in the Federal Laser Product Performance Standard Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 Part 1040 and all commercially available lasers built after the implementation of the regulations August 1976 must comply with the standard as it existed on the date of manufacture Lasers that fall into class I require no warning labels because the CDRH believes that no injury can result even from continuous long term direct exposure to the beams A class II laser should be identified by a yellow Caution label that contains the warning Do not stare into beam A class IIIa laser should be identified by a 80 Chapter 6 Safety in the Physics Laboratory red Danger label that contains the warning Avoid direct eye exposure In addition to the CDRH label each laser that is class II or higher should have the following label placed near the beam exit Avoid exposure Laser light is emitted from this aperture The CDRH also requires the manufacturers to provide users with the following information Caution Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those speci fied herein may result in hazardous light
256. ions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Zinc Nitrate Oxidizer Moderately toxic External Irrigate eyes for OO Nonfire Fire Strong oxidant fire risk Delayed eye irritant 2 1 3 0XIDIZER 5 1 15 minutes and seek medical attention Internal Do not induce vomiting Inhalation Move to fresh air and seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees 73 74 Chapter 5 Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory H Substances Containing Asbestos Asbestos covered wire gauze heating pads are no longer available commercially and should not be used in schools Newer materials such as ceramic silica base or synthetic fibers are now used to coat wire gauze and other laboratory heat resistant equipment The newer materials generally have better heat resistant qualities than those of asbestos and are less subject to chemical damage After use the new materi als often look lik
257. ipment A Provision When there is occupational exposure the employer shall provide at no cost to the employee appro priate personal protective equipment such as but not limited to gloves gowns laboratory coats face shields or masks and eye protection and mouthpieces resuscitation bags pocket masks or other ventilation devices Personal protective equipment will be considered appropriate only if it does not permit blood or other potentially infec Appendix B 121 tious materials to pass through to or reach the employee s work clothes street clothes undergarments skin eyes mouth or other mucous membranes under normal condi tions of use and for the duration of time which the protective equipment will be used B Use The employer shall ensure that the employee uses appropriate personal protective equipment unless the employer shows that the employee temporarily and briefly declined to use personal protective equipment when under rare and extraordinary circumstances it was the employee s professional judgment that in the specific instance its use would have prevented the delivery of health care or public safety services or would have posed an increased hazard to the safety of the worker or coworker When the employee makes this judgment the circumstances shall be investi gated and documented in order to determine whether changes can be instituted to prevent such occurrences in the future The employer shal
258. irections in the write up Contrary to the directions in the write up the students mixed potassium chlorate with red phosphorus and ferric oxide and heated them with a Bunsen burner An explosion resulted and several students were injured Answers The jury voted guilty in numbers three four six and eight Did you Reprinted with the permission of the Connecticut Journal of Science Education 110 Appendix A LIABILITY OF TEACHERS FOR LABORATORY SAFETY AND FIELD TRIPS A National Science Teachers Association Position Statement Laboratory investigations and field trips are essential to effective science instruction Teachers should be encouraged to use these instructional techniques as physical on site activity is important to the development of knowledge concept processes skills and scientific attitudes Inherent in such physical activities is the potential for injury and possible resulting litigation All such liability must be shared by both school districts and teachers utilizing clearly defined safety procedures and a prudent insurance plan The National Science Teachers Association NSTA recommends that school districts and teachers adhere to the following guidelines I School districts should develop and implement safety procedures for laboratory investigations and field trips IL School districts should be responsible for the actions of their teachers and be supportive of the use of laboratory activities and fie
259. iring area shall be considered that area contained within a radius of 25 feet 8 m from the location of the launching plat form The recovery area shall include the firing area and shall be determined to be the minimum area necessary in which to retrieve the launched rocket b The minimum size of the launch site shall extend to a radius of at least 100 feet 30 m from the firing position 170 c The launch site shall not be located in a grain field in an area of dry grass or bush or in a forested area d The launch site shall not contain or be located near any high voltage line major highway or any other obstacle deemed hazardous by the fire department e The launch site shall not include any buildings or other structures unless approved by an official from the fire department f The firing area shall not be closer than 25 feet 8 m from the boundary of the launch site 5 Launching facilities Model rockets shall be launched only from platforms that meet the following conditions a A launch guide tube wire or other suitable device shall be used to restrict the horizontal motion of the rocket until sufficient flight velocity is achieved to maintain stability during flight Ignition of the model rocket engine shall be by remote electrical means and shall be under the control only of the person launching the rocket The launch shall be properly supervised by the instructor in charge b The launching angle
260. is again ready for use An alternate method of preparing insect killing jars is as follows 1 Place 1 inch 2 to 3 cm of freshly prepared plaster of paris in the bottom of a glass jar the smallest size necessary 2 Pour in enough ethyl acetate to cover the plaster of paris at least 12 hours before use 3 Let stand for 20 minutes then pour off the excess Enough ethyl acetate will be absorbed by the plaster of paris to last a week if covers are kept in place 4 Use a facial tissue to cover the plaster of paris during use 5 Label the jar with the information noted above SAFETY IN THE CHEMISTRY LABORATORY Laboratory Practices 29 Students Safety Precautions 30 Teachers General Safety Precautions 30 Chemical Health Hazards 31 Steps for Establishing a Safer Chemicals Storage Area 32 Labeling of Chemical Reagents 42 Potentially Hazardous Chemicals 43 Substances Containing Asbestos 74 Use and Disposal of Ethers 74 Standards in the Use of Lead 75 Handling and Cleanup of Mercury 75 A Os e SE gt Table 1 Explosive Chemicals 33 Table 2 Extremely Hazardous Chemicals for Prompt Disposal 39 Table 3 Hazardous Chemicals Reference Table 46 Note Procedures discussed in this handbook involve potential dangers to persons animals and other living things and therefore should be performed only by persons who are technically trained and qualified AMNO IVHNOSV A3LLSIWHH HHL NI AL83VG G 5 SAFETY
261. is not to be used sold or distributed for use in an originally intended or prescribed manner or for an originally intended or prescribed purpose and which meets any one or more of the following criteria a Has undergone chemical biochemical physical or other changes due to the passage of time or the environmen tal conditions under which it was stored b Has exceeded a specified or recommended shelf life c Is banned by law regulation ordinance or decree d Cannot be used for reasons of economics health or safety or environmental hazard Repeal of Requirement for Obtaining an Extremely Hazardous Waste Disposal Permit 25153 The offsite storage treatment transportation and disposal of extremely hazardous waste is subject to the same requirements specified in this chapter that are applicable to hazardous waste and the department shall not require any special or additional permits for the offsite handling of extremely hazardous waste 25205 7 o Any person producing or transporting extremely hazardous waste shall pay a fee of two hundred dollars 200 per calendar year in addition to any other fee imposed by this section The fee shall be collected annually Transporting Hazardous Waste 25163 c Persons transporting hazardous wastes to a permitted hazardous waste facility for transfer treatment recycling or disposal which wastes do not exceed a total volume of five gallons or do not exceed a total weig
262. isher eyewash spill kit fume hood fire blanket and half mask respirator available f Have a flashlight and ladder available if necessary g Be sure the room is properly ventilated h Have a plastic broom plastic dustpan and plastic receptacle available for cleanup 1 Be prepared to encounter unknown sub stances j Have alternate containers bottles cans resealable plastic bags available in case you discover a broken container k Have replacement caps available 1 Use a method of recording the inventory that will allow you perpetually to maintain the inventory m Notify school and fire authorities and mainte nance personnel of the inventory undertak ing n Plan how you will record the chemicals on a substance by substance basis 3 Methods of recording inventory Some suggestions are as follows a Use a small pocket tape recorder and read into it the chemical name the concentration or purity the type of container the size of the container and the approximate amount of chemical in the container e g Ferric oxide practical in a 500 gram plastic container about one third full If you expect a clerk or someone not familiar with chemicals to transcribe the list you might want to spell the name of each substance b Use a computer software chemical inventory system that contains such features as print outs for all chemicals used in the laboratory with their related hazard class the locati
263. ith a Gasoline c Water b Alcohol d Dilute acetic acid solution vinegar You must wear approved eye protection while working in the laboratory a To improve your vision c To avoid myopia b Sometimes d Whenever the laboratory instructions tell you to Disturbing other students while they are working in the laboratory is a Helpful c Dangerous b Poor manners d The quickest way to do a job You should prepare for each laboratory activity by reading all instructions a After school c Before you start to work b While you are working d Next week When measuring small amounts of liquids with a pipette draw the liquid into the tube by using a Your mouth c A mechanical pipette filler b Your thumb d The palm of your hand When heating substances in a test tube be sure the open end of the tube points toward a Yourself C Your partner b No one d Aclassmate After heating glass tubing to bend it the soonest you may safely handle the tubing is a Within 30 seconds c After school b After you are sure it is cool d The next day To insert glass tubing into a rubber stopper you should after fire polishing and cooling a Lubricate with water or glycerin c Twist carefully b Use a towel for protection d All of these a b and c To remove an electrical plug from its socket you should a Pull the plug itself c Pull on the appliance b Pull on the cord d None of these a b or c On the back of your a
264. ities may include making home calls transporting students and engag ing in health education duties At those times the teacher needs to take appropriate action Each science classroom should be equipped with appropriate first aid and safety materials see Appendix D EMERGENCY FIRST AID STATION A General Information If a student becomes ill or is injured the teacher is expected to act in an informed and objective manner with a minimum of emotional expression The teacher needs to evaluate the problem with special attention to the following symptoms Difficulties in breathing Start artificial respiration if breathing is absent obtain a trained person to give CPR if needed e The presence of bleeding If necessary control the bleeding in compliance with the school s bloodborne pathogens exposure control plan e The presence of shock If necessary initiate treatment Once assistance is given it should be continued until the problem is resolved or until the patient is released to qualified medical help the parent or another responsible person Measures should be taken to reduce any anxiety or fear that the injured student or other students may experience A written accident report should be given to the school site administrator when any such incident occurs see Appendix D for a sample Accident Report Do s in First Aid 1 Do be cool calm and collected Most cases are not serious 2 Do obtain staff
265. ive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Ferric Nitrate Oxidizer Strong oxidizer Wash thoroughly after Contact with organic handling DE Nonfire Fire 2 1 1 OXIDIZER 5 1 material may cause fire Skin and tissue irritant Ferrous Sulfate 10 1 1 Not regulated Toxic by ingestion Internal Give emetic unless solution is very acid Seek immediate medical attention Formic Acid WARNING Corrosive Causes burns Avoid contact with skin and eyes Avoid breathing vapor In case of contact immediately flush skin or eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes for eyes get medical Toxic compound Concentrated form is unstable and subject to explosion Painful wounds on contact with skin External Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention attention 5 1 1 CORROSIVE 8 Hexane Flammable liquid Flammable May be External Ventilate area irritating to respiratory Irrigate eyes with water tract and narcotic in high for 15 minutes Wash skin concentrations with soap and water Repeated overexposure to Internal Maintain n hexane can cause respiration Seek 7 1 or 2S 3 FLAMMABLE peripheral nerve damage immediate medical LIQUID 3 attention Hydrochloric A
266. kes in the foreseeable future increased efforts to reduce earth quake hazards should be encouraged and supported b In order to minimize loss of life and disruption it is necessary for all public or private elementary schools and high schools to develop school disaster plans and specifi cally an earthquake emergency procedure system so that students and staff will act instinctively and correctly when an earthquake disaster strikes c It is therefore the intent of the Legislature in enacting this article to authorize the establishment of earthquake emergency procedure systems in kindergarten and grades 1 through 12 in all the public or private schools in California 35296 Establishment of systems The governing board of each school district and the county superintendent of schools of each county shall establish an earthquake emergency procedure system in every public school building under its jurisdiction having occupant capacity of 50 or more pupils or more than one Appendix B 113 classroom The governing board of each private school shall establish an earthquake emergency procedure system in every private school building under its jurisdiction having an occupant capacity of 50 or more pupils or more than one classroom Governing boards and county superintendents may work with the Office of Emergency Services and the Seismic Safety Commission to develop and establish the earthquake emergency procedure systems 35297 Compo
267. ket should be held close at the neck to force the flames away from the head and hair while the student is rolling up in the blanket Water if available may be appropriately used with the fire blanket to extinguish the flames Do not use a fire extinguisher on a person because serious chemical reactions or frostbite with the use of a CO extinguisher may result from such use D Eye Injuries Immediate first aid treatment for eye injuries may save the eyesight of an injured student It is important to identify the source of chemical injuries to the eye Exposure of the Eye to Chemicals Acid Burns Begin first aid for acid burns of the eye as quickly as possible 1 Thoroughly wash the face eyelid and eye with tap water for at least 15 minutes using the eye wash or eye facewash station if possible see Chapter 7 section D Eyewash Station If the victim is lying down turn the head to the side gently hold the eyelid open and using the drench hose apply water from the inner corner of the eye outward Make sure that the chemical does not wash into the other eye 2 Cover the eye with a dry clean protective dressing do not use cotton and gently bandage in place 3 Caution the victim against rubbing the eye 4 Have the victim transported to an ophthalmolo gist s office or a hospital emergency room for further evaluation and treatment Chemical Burns of the Eye Alkali Burns Alkali burns of the eye ar
268. l Report on Carcinogens or has been found to be a potential carcino gen in the International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC Monographs Vols 1 53 and Supplements 1 8 or by OSHA H Any generally applicable precautions for safe handling and use which are known to the manufacturer importer or employer preparing the material safety data sheet including the appropriate hygienic practices protec tive measures during repair and maintenance of contami nated equipment and procedures for cleanup of spills and leaks D Any generally applicable control measures which are known to the manufacturer importer or employer preparing the material safety data sheet such as appropriate engineering controls work practices or personal protective equipment J Emergency and first aid procedures K The date of preparation of the material safety data sheet or the last change to it L The name address and telephone number of the manufacturer importer employer or other responsible party preparing or distributing the material safety data sheet who can provide additional information on the hazardous substance and appropriate emergency procedures if necessary and M A description in lay terms if not otherwise provided on either a separate sheet or with the body of the information specified in this section of the specific potential health risks posed by the hazardous substance intended to alert any person reading the informati
269. l encourage employees to report all such instances without fear of reprisal in accordance with Section 3203 C Accessibility The employer shall ensure that appropriate personal protective equipment in the appropriate sizes is readily accessible at the worksite or is issued to employees Hypoallergenic gloves glove liners powderless gloves or other similar alternatives shall be readily acces sible to those employees who are allergic to the gloves normally provided D Cleaning Laundering and Disposal The employer shall clean launder and dispose of personal protective equipment required by subsections d and e of this standard at no cost to the employee E Repair and Replacement The employer shall repair or replace personal protective equipment as needed to maintain its effectiveness at no cost to the employee F If a garment s is penetrated by blood or other potentially infectious materials the garment s shall be removed immediately or as soon as feasible G All personal protective equipment shall be removed prior to leaving the work area H When personal protective equipment is removed it shall be placed in an appropriately designated area or container for storage washing decontamination or dis posal I Gloves shall be worn when it can be reasonably anticipated that the employee may have hand contact with blood other potentially infectious materials mucous membranes and non intact skin when perf
270. lammable Narcotic in high concentrations External Ventilate area Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees Name and NFPA Symbol TABLE 3 Continued Label Hazard First Aid Resorcinol Keep away from food 10 1 3 POISON 6 1 Irritating to skin eyes and mucous membranes Toxic External Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Silver Nitrate Nonfire Fire WARNING Oxidizer May cause burns Avoid contact with skin and eyes In case of contact with eyes flush with water for at least 15 minutes and get medical attention 2 1 amber glass 3 OXIDIZER 5 1 Silver nitrate causes caustic poisonous burns Skin irritant Keep away from eyes External Wash skin with water Immediate treatment with sodium thiosulfate will prevent black stains from forming Internal Give emetics such as salt water Seek immediate medical attention Sodium Chlorate Nonfire Fire WARNING Oxidizer Contact with combustible materials may cause fire All clothing contaminated with chlorates is dang
271. lamp power supplies typically involve higher stored energies and higher voltages than those involved in the helium neon lasers Mainte nance of these systems such as changing the lamps requires direct personal contact with the high voltage conductors School personnel must avoid the possibility of electrical shocks from both high voltage and low voltage equipment including storage capacitors and power supplies by disconnecting the equipment from the primary power source and using proper techniques for the removal of stored energy before performing maintenance or service activities Each laser should be equipped with a UL listed line cord and a three prong grounded plug Always plug the laser into a grounded outlet Conductive optical tables must be effectively grounded ADDITIONAL SAFETY PRACTICES Fire Prevention and Control 83 Use of Animals in the Classroom 84 Eye Safety 85 Eyewash Station 88 Safety on Field Trips 88 Poisonous Plants 89 Ionizing Radiation 94 Earthquake Preparation 97 Waste Reduction 102 Employees Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals 105 Ao og as el Employees Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens 106 Table 4 Recommended Supplies of Safety Devices for Eyes 86 Table 5 Effects of Some Poisonous Plants 90 Note Procedures discussed in this handbook involve potential dangers to persons animals and other living things and therefore should be performed only by persons who are technically train
272. ld trips as teaching techniques III School districts should look to NSTA for help in informing teachers about safety procedures and encouraging them to act responsibly in matters of safety and related liability IV School districts should provide liability and tort insurance for the teachers V Teachers acting as agents of the school districts should utilize laboratory investigations and field trips as instructional techniques VI Teachers should learn safe procedures for laboratory activities and field trips and follow them as a matter of policy VII Teachers should exercise reasonable judgment and supervision during laboratory activities and field trips VIII Teachers should expect to be held liable if they fail to follow district policy and litigation ensues IX School districts and teachers should share the responsibilities of establishing safety standards and seeing that they are adhered to Adopted by the NSTA Board of Directors in July 1985 From the NSTA Handbook 1994 95 Arlington Va National Science Teachers Association 1994 p 242 Used with permission APPENDIX B LEGAL CITATIONS Excerpts from the Education Code the California Code of Regulations and the Health and Safety Code on topics that are of special significance to science educators are cited in this appendix as indicated in the following list Education Code School Eye Safety Sections 32030 32031 32032 32033 Alternatives to
273. leakage or deterioration such as sediments and discoloration and approved disposal procedures are followed as necessary Any cylinder gas is stored according to the required safety code for example chained or strapped in a cart or to the wall Splash proof safety goggles face shields aprons safety shields and so on are available to protect the teacher and students when hazardous conditions exist Goggles and face shield sterilization facilities are available Eyewash fountains hand held drench hoses and safety showers as necessary are easily accessible and are flushed weekly to remove scale and rust Fume hoods are clean are uncluttered and have a streamer easily visible throughout the room when in operation the hoods are tested periodically to ensure adequate air flow All equipment is properly maintained All electrical equipment is three wire grounded except for double insulated tools and equipment Electrical outlets and extension cords are kept in safe working condition Electrical equipment such as the refrigerator and aquarium aerator is connected directly to a wall outlet and is not serviced through an extension cord Gas outlets and burners are maintained in safe working condition A fire extinguisher capable of extinguishing class A B and C fires is kept in working condition at all times and in a conspicuous and accessible place Dry sand or other appropriate means is available to extinguish class D fires
274. leted and signed form to by APPENDIX K Toxic SUBSTANCES CONTROL REGIONAL OFFICES REGION 1 10151 Croydon Way Suite 3 Sacramento CA 95827 2106 9160 855 7700 Santa Clara be SS Benito REGION 2 700 Heinz Avenue Second Floor Suite 200 Berkeley CA 94710 510 540 3753 Santa Cru Fresno Tulare San Luis Obispo Santa Barbara San Bernardino Los Angeles REGION 3 1405 N San Fernando Blvd Suite 300 Burbank CA 91504 818 567 3000 Riverside Imperial REGION 4 245 West Broadway Suite 350 Long Beach CA 90802 310 590 4868 San Diego 158 APPENDIX L SCIENCE LABORATORY SAFETY LIABILITY CHECKLIST The safety program in the school and school district should be dedicated to preventing and minimizing injury to person nel limiting the liability of schools and school districts and their personnel and protecting and preserving the facilities and the environment The following checklist represents some of the main considerations that schools school districts and individuals should address in planning and implementing their science laboratory safety program 1 The school or the school district must have a written plan if the plan is for the school district it should be written to include the schools involved for or exemption from each of the following Chemical hygiene plan CHP
275. likely to grow in areas in which field trips are planned Teachers are encouraged to become ac quainted with and teach about poisonous plants growing around homes parks streets and recreational areas in the school district Because not all plants have been thoroughly researched for their toxicity a commonsense rule would be never to do any of the following Never place any plant part in the mouth Never rub any sap or fruit juice into the skin or an open wound Never inhale or expose the skin or eyes to the smoke of any burning plant or plant parts Never pick strange wildflowers or cultivated plants that are unknown Never eat food after handling plants without first scrubbing the hands The reason for these never precautions is that any part of a plant can be relatively toxic even fatal depending on the weight of the person and the amount of the plant ingested See Table 5 for further informa tion about some poisonous plants Students frequently place seeds in their mouths unconsciously The danger in this habit lies in the possibility not only of swallowing a poisonous species but also of falling prey to the practice of commercial distributors who coat their garden and crop seeds with hormones fungicides and insecticides Some of those items cause allergic skin responses The remainder are usually deadly when inhaled to any degree or acciden tally ingested Teachers purchasing seeds for experi ments fr
276. limited to gowns aprons lab coats clinic jackets or similar outer garments shall be worn in occupational exposure situations The type and characteristics will depend upon the task and degree of exposure anticipated These requirements are in addition to the provisions of Section 3383 4 Housekeeping A General Employers shall ensure that the worksite is maintained in a clean and sanitary condition The employer shall determine and implement an appropriate written schedule for cleaning and method of decontamina tion based upon the location within the facility type of surface to be cleaned type of soil present and tasks or procedures being performed in the area B AII equipment and environmental and working surfaces shall be cleaned and decontaminated after contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials 1 Contaminated work surfaces shall be decontaminated with an appropriate disinfectant after completion of proce dures immediately or as soon as feasible when surfaces are overtly contaminated or after any spill of blood or other potentially infectious materials and at the end of the work shift if the surface may have become contaminated since the last cleaning 2 Protective coverings such as plastic wrap aluminum foil or imperviously backed absorbent paper used to cover equipment and environmental surfaces shall be removed and replaced as soon as feasible when they become overtly contam
277. ll levels for instruction and training responsible supervision and adequate and well maintained facilities and equipment a 4 Safety equipment includes each of the following as appropriate Fire extinguisher for classes A B and C fires Dry sand or other provision for class D fires Fire blanket e Splash proof goggles and sterilizer e Eyewash or eyewash and facewash fountain drench hose Deluge shower e Chemical spill kit Fume hood First aid kit D D O O D O OOO 5 Teachers are prepared to safely handle use and store science supplies and equipment as well as safety equipment Documentation of staff training should be maintained on both school and school district sites 6 A safety assessment is regularly made of the science classrooms laboratories and auxiliary rooms e g by using the Safety Checklist for Science Instruction Preparation and Storage Areas found in Appendix H 7 Each science teacher consciously includes safety as a component in planning and conducting each lesson demonstration and activity 8 Classrooms are inspected daily for irregularities or dangerous conditions including but not limited to faulty equipment improper ventilation and missing or nonfunctional safety supplies 9 Potential dangers safety hazards defective equipment or unsafe conditions that cannot be readily corrected within the department are reported immediately to the site administrator for necessary acti
278. lly hazardous chemical is deemed essential to the program school staff must assume the correspond ing responsibility to ensure safe storage and use of the chemical When in doubt school staff should contact district staff or other appropriate agencies In Table 3 the National Fire Protection Association NFPA symbols are provided under the chemical name where applicable The diamond shaped diagram see example below gives at a glance the inherent hazards of the chemical and the order of severity of those hazards under emergency conditions such as spills leaks or fires The information can be espe cially useful to firefighters and safety personnel in emergency situations The diagram is not intended to identify the nonemergency health hazards of chemi cals Flammability Health E Reactivity Magnesium The diagram identifies the health flammability and reactivity hazards of a chemical reactivity here refers to the instability and water reactivity of a chemical that is likely to explode or burn not to the corrosive or reactive nature of a chemical and indi cates the order of severity of each hazard by using one of five numeral gradings ranging from four severe hazard or extreme danger to zero no special hazard In the diamond shaped diagram the health hazard is identified on the left flammability at the top and reactivity on the right 44 Chapter 5 Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory Preparation Storage Area D
279. lson Foundation P O Box 642 Princeton NJ 08542 telephone 609 924 4666 Mills J L and M D Hampton Microscale Experiments for General Chemistry Second edition New York McGraw Hill Inc 1991 Thompson S Chemtrek Small Scale Experiments for General Chemistry Englewood Cliffs N J Prentice Hall 1990 J Employees Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals Safety in school laboratories is a high priority to Cal OSHA as evidenced by the addition of laboratory standards issued in the California Code of Regula tions Title 8 Section 5191 see Appendix B That section of the law requires employers e g school districts to take specific action toward minimizing employees exposure to hazardous chemicals The following is a summary of the major changes in the standards all sections cited here are from California Code of Regulations Title 8 Exposure Limits The employer must ensure that an employee s exposure to substances regulated by Cal OSHA does not exceed the exposure limits specified under Gen eral Industry Safety Orders GISO Section 5139 Determination of Employees Exposure The employer must measure an employee s exposure to regulated substances if there is reason to believe that exposure levels for those substances exceed the action levels or permissible exposure limits Section 5191 c and d Monitoring must be done by a person competent in industrial hygiene practice and must occur periodi
280. lts Update 1 Positive Youth Development Research Commentary and Action 1999 sss 1408 Guide and Criteria for Program Quality Review Elementary Grades 1998 sss 1268 Guidelines for Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy in California Public Schools 1996 1465 Handbook on Administration of Early Childhood Special Education Programs 2000 t 1463 Handbook on Assessment and Evaluation in Early Childhood Special Education Programs 2000 sss 1464 Handbook on Family Involvement in Early Childhood Special Education Programs 1999 sss 1380 Health Careers Education 2000 A Program Guide 1998 m 1064 Health Framework for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve 1994 sss 1477 Helping Your Students with Homework 1999 ooo cseeccsessesseseeecseesesecseeeesesseseeseeacssesesecseeseseesssecsceassesacsesseeecsesaeesseeaeeeeaeees 0737 Here They Come Ready or Not Report of the School Readiness Task Force summary report 1988 1488 History Social Science Content Standards for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve 2000 1284 History Social Science Framework for California Public Schools 1997 Updated Edition 1997 sss 12 50 1245 Improving Mathematics Achievement for All California Students The Report of the California Mathematics
281. ly hazardous C A requirement that fume hoods comply with Section 5154 1 that all protective equipment shall function properly and that specific measures shall be taken to ensure proper and adequate performance of such equipment D Provisions for employee information and training as prescribed in subsection 5191 f E The circumstances under which a particular laboratory operation procedure or activity shall require prior approval from the employer or the employer s desig nee before implementation F Provisions for medical consultation and medical examinations in accordance with subsection 5191 g G Designation of personnel responsible for implemen tation of the Chemical Hygiene Plan including the assign ment of a Chemical Hygiene Officer and if appropriate establishment of a Chemical Hygiene Committee and H Provisions for additional employee protection for work with particularly hazardous substances These include select carcinogens reproductive toxins and substances which have a high degree of acute toxicity Specific consid eration shall be given to the following provisions which shall be included where appropriate Establishment of a designated area 2 Use of containment devices such as fume hoods or glove boxes 3 Procedures for safe removal of contaminated waste and 4 Decontamination procedures 4 The employer shall review and evaluate the effec tiveness of the Chemical Hygiene Plan
282. m any source Exercise special care in the placement and use of aquariums particularly when using a 110 volt light source Instructors should caution students that any projects they submit must meet the specifications noted above or will not be accepted Some guidelines for safety in the use of electrical equipment are as follows 1 Use only those 110 volt devices included in the list by Underwriters Laboratory or equivalent 2 Use 6 volt or 12 volt direct current for all possible applications 3 Operate electrical devices with dry hands and in a dry location 4 Be sure the floor is dry Never stand on metal or any other conducting surface when using electri cal devices Ground fault circuit interrupters GFCIs should be on electrical outlets near sinks 5 Never allow yourself to become part of an electri cal circuit intentionally or unintentionally 6 Ensure that power equipment or devices are double insulated Or have them safely grounded three prong plug by a competent electrician 7 Use extreme care with aquariums when they have an electrically operated pump or electrical light source 8 Use extension cords with extreme caution and never allow them to lie across areas of foot traffic 9 Be sure multiple outlet bars have fuse protection or some other circuit breaker In compliance with California Code of Regula tions Title 5 Electrical Safety Orders Section 2395 44 exposed noncurrent carrying metal parts o
283. manifest and shall submit the generator copy of the manifest to the Department within 30 days of the acceptance of the waste by the transporter 6 AII copies of the manifest shall be submitted to the treatment storage or disposal facility TSDF operator upon delivery of the waste 7 After completion of the TSDF portion the original manifest shall be submitted to the Department of Toxic Substances Control within 30 days The copy of the mani fest Labeled Yellow TSDF SENDS THIS COPY TO GENERATOR WITHIN 30 pays which is otherwise returned to the genera tor by the TSDF operator shall instead be returned to the transporter e The transporter shall leave a receipt or shipping paper with the generator for the waste collected Generators shall keep these receipts or shipping papers for three years f The period of retention referred to in this section is extended automatically during the course of any unresolved enforcement action regarding the regulated activity or as requested by the Department g The hazardous waste shall be delivered to a permit ted hazardous waste facility or to a facility which has been granted interim status or to a facility which has been otherwise authorized to receive hazardous wastes pursuant to Chapter 6 5 of Division 20 of the Health and Safety Code and implementing regulations h Handling practices and storage time of the hazard ous wastes shall be allowed the same exemptions described
284. me of their initial assignment and whenever a new hazard is introduced into their work area Information and training may relate to general classes of hazardous sub stances to the extent appropriate and related to reasonably foreseeable exposures of the job 2 Information and training shall consist of at least the following topics A Employees shall be informed of the requirements of this section B Employees shall be informed of any operations in their work area where hazardous substances are present C Employees shall be informed of the location and availability of the written hazard communication program 130 Appendix B D Employees shall be trained in the methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous substance in the work area such as monitoring conducted by the employer continuous monitor ing devices visual appearance or odor of hazardous substances when being released etc E Employees shall be trained in the physical and health hazards of the substances in the work area and the measures they can take to protect themselves from these hazards including specific procedures the employer has implemented to protect employees from exposure to hazardous substances such as appropriate work practices emergency procedures and personal protective equipment to be used F Employees shall be trained in the details of the hazard communication program developed by
285. means a liquid having a flash point of not more than 60 5 C 141 F or any material in a liquid phase with a flash point at or above 37 8 C 100 F b 1 a combustible liquid means any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class specified in this subchapter and has a flash point above 60 5 C 141 F but below 93 C 200 F 2 A flammable liquid with a flash point at or above 38 C 100 F that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class c Flash point 1 Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid 173 124 Class 4 Divisions 4 1 4 2 and 4 3 Defini tions a Division 4 1 Flammable Solid means any of the following three types of materials 1 Wetted explosives that i When dry are explosives of Class 1 other than those of compatibility group A which are wetted with sufficient water alcohol or plasticizer to suppress explosive proper ties and Appendix N 163 11 Are specifically authorized by name either in the section 172 101 table or have been assigned a shipping name and hazard class by the Associate Administrator for Hazardous Materials Safety under the provisions of A An exemption issued under subchapter A of this chapter or B An approval issued under section 173 56 1 of this part
286. medical testing and follow up procedures as required by subsection f 3 4 The employer s copy of the healthcare professional s written opinion as required by subsection f 5 and 5 A copy of the information provided to the healthcare professional as required by subsections f 4 B 2 3 and 4 C Confidentiality The employer shall ensure that employee medical records required by subsection h 1 are 1 Kept confidential and 2 Not disclosed or reported without the employee s express written consent to any person within or outside the workplace except as required by this section or as may be required by law D The employer shall maintain the records required by subsection h 1 for at least the duration of employment plus 30 years in accordance with Section 3204 2 Training Records A Training records shall include the following information 1 The dates of the training sessions 2 The contents or a summary of the training sessions 3 The names and qualifications of persons conducting the training and 4 The names and job titles of all persons attending the training sessions B Training records shall be maintained for 3 years from the date on which the training occurred 3 Availability A The employer shall ensure that all records required to be maintained by this section shall be made available upon request to the Chief and NIOSH for examination and copying B Employee training record
287. n 66261 7 addresses the issue of contaminated containers and encourages recycling and other options for disposal of empty containers Containers once filled with hazardous waste can be disposed of as nonhazardous waste provided certain stipulations are met Definition of empty container 1 If the container was used to store a hazardous liquid the container must be completely drained so that no liquid drips from the container when it is tilted or held upside down 2 If the container was used to store a solid or nonpourable hazardous material powders sludges grease thick resins the material must be completely scraped out leaving no remaining buildup inside the container 3 Aerosol containers are empty if the contents and pressure are completely dispensed the spray mechanism is in place and is not defective and the container is not a reactive waste i e may explode Please note Containers that held a listed extremely hazardous material must be managed as hazardous waste or you must obtain authorization from the Department of Toxic Substances Control to triple rinse or treat the container Disposal Recycle Options for Empty Container Container Type and Size Absorptive container wood Empty paper bag etc compressed gas Empty container Empty container which has not cylinder at Disposal options for 5 gallons or less greater than Empty absorbed any atmospheric empty containers in size 5 gallons in size aerosol
288. n a laboratory scale 2 Multiple chemical procedures or chemicals are used 3 The procedures involved are not part of a production process nor in any way simulate a production process and 4 Protective laboratory practices and equipment are available and in common use industry wide to minimize the potential for employee exposure to hazardous chemicals Physical hazard A chemical for which there is scientifi cally valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid a compressed gas explosive flammable an organic peroxide an oxidizer pyrophoric unstable reactive or water reactive Reproductive toxins Chemicals which affect the reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage mutations and effects on fetuses teratogenesis Select carcinogen Any substance which meets one of the following criteria 1 It is regulated by Cal OSHA as a carcinogen or 2 It is listed under the category known to be carcino gens in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program NTP or 3 It is listed under Group 1 carcinogenic to hu mans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs IARC or 4 It is listed in either Group 2A or 2B by IARC or under the category reasonably anticipated to be carcino gens by NTP and causes statistically significant tumor incidence in experimental animals in accordance with any of the following criteri
289. n you work with laboratory chemicals and Bunsen burners long hair must be a Cut off c Keptout of the way by wearing a band hat or hairnet b Held with both hands d Combed nicely 6 When you work with laboratory chemicals equipment or burners you must wear a Loose clothes c Contact lenses b Goggles d Loose jewelry 7 If you are hurt cut burned and so on tell the a Nurse at once c Class at once b Teacher at once d Doctor after school 8 Whenever you are in the classroom or laboratory you should wear a Sandals c Open toed shoes b Closed shoes d No shoes 9 If you think there is something wrong with a piece of equipment you are using stop turn it off and tell a The class leader c Another student b The teacher d The custodian 10 If you break a piece of glassware or other equipment tell the teacher a The next period c At once b Atclean up time d Never 11 All floors aisles and passageways should be kept clear of a Teacher and students c Laboratory equipment only b Laboratory equipment and chemicals d Chemicals only 12 If you see a fire in an apparatus assembly or a burning liquid such as alcohol it is best to put it out with a The fire blanket c Your coat b Water from the sink d The ABC fire extinguisher 146 Appendix G 147 13 14 15 16 Lj 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 To put out a fire in a person s cloth
290. native activities should be well planned not punitive and may include 1 studies of anatomy using illustrated dissection manuals study sheets transparencies videos slides films or filmstrips 2 computer simulations 3 observations of live organ isms 4 library research and 5 art activities with models or charts Both of the publications recommended in section K suggest alternatives to dissections the one available from the National Association of Biology Teachers contains a comprehensive list of resources and litera ture on the topic The Animal Protection Institute of Sacramento 1 800 348 7387 and the Humane Education Network of Menlo Park 415 854 8921 are included among the organizations promoting alterna tives to animal experimentation in schools Copies or lists of alternative materials including costs as appropriate may be obtained by calling the telephone numbers noted above M Handling of Laboratory Animals See Appendix B Health and Safety Code Section 1650 et seq Humane Care of Animals In addition the following precautions should be observed 1 Heavy rubber or leather gloves should be worn when handling live animals Be sure the gloves are readily available 2 Students and visitors should be cautioned about the dangers of inserting fingers into an occupied animal cage 3 Warning signs such as Keep hands away should be posted conspicuously on cages housing animals that may bite 4
291. ncentrations can cause and wash contaminated and goggles burns to the eyes lungs clothing promptly and Avoid contact with and skin Do not heat this thoroughly combustible materials substance Store in Drying of this concentrated original container product on clothes or other combustible materials may cause fire In case of contact immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes for eyes get medical attention Remove and wash clothing at once Avoid contamination from any source including metals dust etc Such contamination may cause rapid decomposition generation of large quantities of oxygen gas and high pressures Store in original closed container Be sure that the container vent is working satisfactorily Do not add any other product to this container When empty rinse thoroughly with clean water 2 1 vented cap or accordion bottle 1 OXIDIZER 5 1 CORROSIVE 8 lodine Inhalation of vapors or External Remove iodine ingestion may be fatal stains by washing first Vapor corrosive to eyes with a sodium thiosulfate and respiratory tract solution and then with Solid stains the eyes and water Flush eyes with skin Stain is poisonous large amounts of water Reacts violently with Internal Seek immediate reducing materials sulfur medical attention iron alkali metals metal powders and 2 1 2 Not regulated phosphorous Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to m
292. nd degree burns may result from a very deep sunburn contact with hot liquids or flash burns from flammable products These burns are usually of greater depth than first degree burns and have a red appear ance Blisters are usually present First aid for second degree burns entails 1 immersing the burned part in cool water not in ice water for a few minutes water at room temperature or less is appropriate 2 apply ing dry sterile gauze or a clean cloth as a protective bandage 3 taking precautions against breaking intact blisters or removing tissue 4 avoiding an antiseptic preparation ointment spray or home remedy if the burn is severe or covers more than 10 percent of the body 5 keeping affected arms or legs elevated and 6 seeking medical evaluation Third degree burns may be caused by a flame ignited clothing immersion in hot water grease scalds contact with hot objects or electricity The tempera ture and duration of contact are important in determin ing the extent of tissue destruction These burns are usually characterized by deep tissue destruction white dark brown mottled or charred appearance at first the burn may resemble a second degree burn and complete destruction of all layers of the skin First aid procedures for third degree burns are as follows Extinguish any smoldering clothing by applying water or by smothering with a fire blanket or any available clothing Do not attempt to remov
293. ned to provide qualified individuals with the necessary information organizational skills and materials to assist schools and teachers in the development of their laboratory safety policies and procedures are nonexistent or inadequate and it is necessary that this situation be remedied The state should assume leadership through the policy and guidance of the State Department of Education in the development support and implementation of a statewide training program d The Legislature requests that the Department of Education consider making this program a part of the department s energy and environmental education program which is conducted pursuant to Chapter 4 commencing with Section 8700 of Part 6 49401 5 Use and storage of hazardous materials consulta tion services a It is the intent of the Legislature in enacting this section to express its concern for the health and safety of school pupils and school personnel at schools where hazardous materials are stored on the school premises and to encourage school districts to take steps to ensure hazard ous materials are properly used and stored b The governing board of any school district may request consultation services from the California Occupa tional Safety and Health Consultation Service to ensure hazardous materials are being used and stored safely in school laboratories 49411 Listing of chemical compounds used in school programs guidelines for removal a T
294. nents of system The earthquake emergency procedure system shall include but not be limited to all of the following a A school building disaster plan ready for implemen tation at any time for maintaining the safety and care of students and staffs b A drop procedure As used in this article drop procedure means an activity whereby each student and staff member takes cover under a table or desk dropping to his or her knees with the head protected by the arms and the back to the windows A drop procedure practice shall be held at least once each school quarter in elementary schools and at least once a semester in secondary schools c Protective measures to be taken before during and following an earthquake d A program to ensure that the students and that both the certificated and classified staff are aware of and properly trained in the earthquake emergency procedure system 40041 5 Mass care and welfare shelters Notwithstanding Section 40043 the governing board of any school district shall grant the use of school buildings grounds and equipment to public agencies including the American Red Cross for mass care and welfare shelters during disasters or other emergencies affecting the public health and welfare The governing board shall cooperate with these agencies in furnishing and maintaining such services as the governing board may deem necessary to meet the needs of the community Hazardous Materials
295. nes or radioactive materials school administrators and science department faculty should obtain a copy of the California Radiation Control Regulations California Code of Regulations Title 17 The manual is available from the California Depart ment of Health Services Radiologic Health Branch P O Box 1525 Sacramento CA 95807 It provides regulatory licensing and safety requirements for the use of radiation producing machines and radioactive materials When planning to use radiation producing ma chines or radioactive materials in the classroom teaching and administrative staff should be fully aware of the recommendations of the National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements and of the requirements of California Code of Regulations Title 17 Section 30265 that limit radiation exposure of persons under eighteen years of age to no more than 0 5 rem per year Although the risk of reaching or exceeding that limit is exceedingly small all uses should be planned and conducted accordingly Schools should not accept gifts of X ray machines or radioactive materials until 1 the machines have been checked by a qualified health physicist or radio logical physicist to determine that the equipment can be operated safely and without excessive radiation leakage and 2 the radioactive materials have been determined not to exceed permissible quantity limits specified by California Code of Regulations Title 17 Section 30180 c and
296. nglish Learners for the Twenty First Century The Report of the Proposition 227 Task Force 1999 a 1389 English Language Arts Content Standards for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve 1998 9 25 1468 Enrolling Students Living in Homeless Situations 1999 sss ener nne nenne tete trennen trenes 1244 Every Child a Reader The Report of the California Reading Task Force 1995 1367 Family Connections Helping Caregivers Develop Nutrition Partnerships with Parents 1997 1475 First Class A Guide for Early Primary Education 1999 sess eene tetne trennt nette nnne teet ene tnennene 1388 First Look Vision Evaluation and Assessment for Infants Toddlers and Preschoolers Birth Through Five Years EIU 0804 Foreign Language Framework for California Public Schools Kindergarten Through Grade Twelve 1989 1355 The Form of Reform School Facility Design Implications for California Educational Reform 1997 sss 1378 Fostering the Development of a First and a Second Language in Early Childhood Resource Guide 1998 1382 Getting Results Part I California Action Guide to Creating Safe and Drug Free Schools and Communities 1998 ET 1493 Getting Results Part II California Action Guide to Tobacco Use Prevention Education 2000 esee 1482 Getting Resu
297. nguages may add the informa tion in their language to the material presented as long as the information is presented in English as well 9 The manufacturer importer distributor or em ployer need not affix new labels to comply with this section if existing labels already convey the required information g Material Safety Data Sheets 1 Employers shall have a material safety data sheet for each hazardous substance which they use Note to g 1 Employers should also refer to Section 3204 concerning information to be retained after a particular substance is no longer in use 2 Each material safety data sheet shall be in English and shall contain at least the following information A The identity used on the label and except as provided for in Section 5194 1 on trade secrets 1 If the hazardous substance is a single substance its chemical and common name s and CAS number s 2 If the hazardous substance is a mixture which has been tested as a whole to determine its hazards the chemi cal common name s and CAS number s of the ingredi ents which contribute to these known hazards and the common name s of the mixture itself or 3 If the hazardous substance is a mixture which has not been tested as a whole a The chemical and common name s and CAS number s of all ingredients which have been determined to be health hazards and which comprise 1 or greater of the composition except that substan
298. nimal observations must be directly supervised by a competent science teacher who shall approve the plan before the student starts work Students must have the necessary comprehension and qualifications for the work contemplated The supervisor shall oversee all experimental procedures shall be responsible for their nonhazardous nature and shall personally and continu ally inspect experimental animals during the course of the study to ensure that their health and comfort are fully sustained Vertebrate animal studies shall be conducted only in locations in which proper supervision is available either a school or an institution of research or higher education No vertebrate animal studies shall be conducted at a home other than observations of normal behavior of pet animals such as dogs or cats In vertebrate animal studies animals shall be provided palatable food in sufficient quantity to maintain normal growth Diets deficient in essential foods are prohibited Food shall not be withheld for periods longer than 12 hours Clean drinking water shall be available at all times and shall not be re placed by alcohol or drugs Chicken eggs subjected to experimental manipula tions that may produce abnormalities shall not be allowed to hatch Such embryos shall be killed hu manely no later than the 18th day of incubation If normal egg embryos are to be hatched satisfactory arrangements must be made for the appropriate care or humane rel
299. nisms can be found in the blood of infected individuals and may be transmitted to other individuals by blood or certain body fluids The human immunodeficiency virus HIV and the hepatitis B virus HBV are the two most significant bloodborne pathogens Individuals whose occupational duties may expose them to blood or other potentially infectious materials are at risk of being infected with these bloodborne pathogens and developing disease infecting others and in some cases dying Exposure Control Plan The written exposure control plan ECP must contain the following elements 1 Exposure Determination The employer shall maintain a list of all job classifications in which employees have or may have occupational expo sure and a list of the tasks and procedures that place them at risk 2 Methods of Compliance Universal precautions shall be observed as follows to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materi als If differentiation between types of body fluids 1s difficult all shall be considered potentially infectious Engineering controls for example provid ing sharps disposal containers with which to isolate or remove the hazard from the work place and work practice controls dealing with handwashing handling of sharps eating K Employees Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens 107 drinking smoking and so forth in the work area control of splashes and droplets prohi bition of mouth pip
300. nswer sheet draw a diagram of your science laboratory or classroom and label the location of the following Fire blanket Fire extinguisher Exits Safety goggles storage or dispensing area Eyewash station Safety shower Closest fire alarm Waste disposal containers label the type of waste for which each container is suitable Appendix G 149 Student s Answer Sheet for Science Laboratory Safety Test Name Period Test No Score Directions Read each statement in your safety test Under each question you will find four answers Choose the one correct answer and fill in the box that represents the answer Example Read question 1 The correct answer is b at once Note that the b box beside number 1 see example below is darkened Continue marking all the answers in this manner a b c d a b c d a b c d 1 a 39 TI 2 40 78 3 41 79 4 42 80 5 43 81 6 44 82 7 45 83 8 46 84 9 47 85 10 48 86 11 49 87 12 50 88 13 51 89 14 52 90 15 53 91 16 54 92 17 55 93 18 56 94 19 57 95 20 58 96 21 59 97 22 60 98 23 61 99 24 62 100 25 63 26 64
301. ntially infectious materials Regulated Waste includes medical waste regulated by Health and Safety Code Chapter 6 1 Source Individual means any individual living or dead whose blood or other potentially infectious materials may be a source of occupational exposure to the employee Examples include but are not limited to trauma victims Sterilize means the use of a physical or chemical procedure to destroy all microbial life including highly resistant bacterial endospores Sterilization includes procedures regulated by Health and Safety Code Section 25090 Universal Precautions is an approach to infection control According to the concept of Universal Precautions all human blood and certain human body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV HBV and other bloodborne pathogens Work Practice Controls means controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed e g prohibiting recapping of needles by a two handed technique c Exposure Control 1 Exposure Control Plan A Each employer having an employee s with occupational exposure as defined by subsection b of this section shall establish a written Exposure Control Plan which is designed to eliminate or minimize employee exposure and which is also consistent with Section 3203 120 Appendix B B The Exposure Control Plan shall contain at least the following elem
302. ntoried your chemicals storage area and purged it of dangerous and unnecessary chemicals in recent years or that you are starting with a chemicals storage area that is unfamil iar to you However you already may have accom plished much of this suggested procedure Step 1 Assignment of Responsibility for Laboratory Safety Several legal citations indicate that persons knowledgeable about the safe use and storage of hazardous chemicals should be assigned responsibility for laboratory safety at the school district and school site levels California Code of Regulations Title 8 sections 5191 and 5194 Education Code sections 49341 and 49411 and Health and Safety Code Section 25500 et seq Logically the school site administrator would have the responsibility for assigning such a person at the school site level The school site admin istrator should carefully seek out and assign the staff person who has the greatest knowledge of and exper tise in laboratory safety giving special consideration to a person with knowledge of chemical processes and hazardous materials management Step 2 Inventory and Removal of Explosives It is prudent to identify and dispose of any explo sives that may be present to eliminate the most acutely dangerous materials Then it is possible to proceed with subsequent steps in relative safety Note During your initial inventory if any of the chemicals listed in Table 1 are found in the area the containers
303. o fresh ingestion Skin eye and air If breathing has respiratory irritant stopped give artificial Known carcinogen respiration Seek Reproductive toxin immediate medical attention Internal Induce vomiting Seek immediate medical attention External lIrrigate skin eyes with water Seek immediate medical 10 1 3 Not regulated attention A Lead Chloride Avoid breathing dust Toxic by inhalation and Inhalation Move to fresh ingestion air If breathing has Known carcinogen stopped give artificial Reproductive toxin respiration Seek immedi ate medical attention Internal Induce vomiting Seek immediate medical attention External lIrrigate skin eyes 10 1 3 Not regulated with water Seek immedi ate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid A Lead Nitrate Oxidizer Toxic by inhalation and Inhalation Move to fresh POISON ingestion Serious fire risk air If breathing has in contact with organic material Known carcinogen Reproductive toxin stopped give artificial respiration Seek immediate medical attention Internal Induce vomitin
304. ocation of chicks Projects involving vertebrate animals will nor mally be restricted to measuring and studying normal physiological functions such as normal growth activity cycles metabolism blood circulation learning processes normal behavior reproduction and commu nication or isolated tissue techniques None of these studies requires infliction of pain Regulations State and local laws regulate the care and use of animals in both elementary and secondary science instruction The treatment of animals in California public school instruction is regulated by Education Code Section 51540 as follows 51540 In the public elementary and high schools or in public elementary and high school school sponsored activities and classes held elsewhere than on school premises live vertebrate animals shall not as part of a scientific experiment or any purpose whatever a Be experimentally medicated or drugged in a manner to cause painful reactions or induce painful or lethal pathological conditions b Be injured through any other treatments includ ing but not limited to anesthetization or electric shock Live animals on the premises of a public elemen tary or high school shall be housed and cared for in a humane and safe manner The provisions of this section are not intended to prohibit or constrain vocational instruction in the normal practices of animal husbandry Regulations about the use of animals in the classroom for
305. ociation 1989 Provides science teachers with a tool for assessing working conditions Hall S K Chemical Safety in the Laboratory Boca Raton Fla CRC Press 1993 Excellent comprehensive reference addressing OSHA laboratory standards chemical hygiene plan general safety practices protective equipment hazardous chemical identification chemical storage laboratory ventilation chemical monitoring chemical emergen cies chemical waste management employee training and recordkeeping Handbook of Chemical and Environmental Safety in Schools and Colleges The Forum for Scientific Excellence Philadelphia J P Lippincott 1991 Addresses the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard chemical handling employee safety hazardous chemi cal classes chemical interactions chemical storage and legal liabilities Horn Toby M Working with DNA and Bacteria in Precollege Science Classrooms Reston Va National Association of Biology Teachers NABT 1993 Excellent as a guide for using bacteria and performing DNA experiments safely in high school laboratories Improving Safety in the Chemical Laboratory A Practical Guide Second edition Edited by J A Young New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc 1991 Excellent publication covering laboratory organization MSDSs safety inspections federal regulations for laboratories air sampling of laboratories and disposal of chemicals 176 Selected References Mayo D W
306. of Fungi and Molds 23 Operation of Pressure Cooker for Sterilization 24 Extraction of Chlorophyll Using Flammable Solvents 24 Risks in Use of Acrylamide 24 Risks in Use of Ethidium Bromide 25 Risks in Use of Formaldehyde 25 Instruments and Specimens Used in Dissection 26 Alternatives to Dissection 27 Handling of Laboratory Animals 27 Zz Be Be No ee CE m Insect Killing Jars 27 E g e 2 5 Note Procedures discussed in this handbook involve potential dangers S to persons animals and other living things and therefore should be 3 performed only by persons who are technically trained and qualified 2 FHL NI ALHIVS py 4 SAFETY IN THE BIOLOGY LABORATORY IOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY TEACHERS SHOULD BE familiar with the following safety practices and all other sections of the handbook pertinent to their instructional program Special attention is directed to Appendix J Sample Biological Science Laboratory Regulations General precautions are as follows When experiments require special biological substances such as nicotine alkaloid the materials should be carefully supervised The use of drugs and syringe needles must be limited to those uses specifically called for in the instructional program and to specific projects under close supervision of the instructor Keep all drugs and syringe equipment in a safe locked place Radioactive materials used in biological research should be properly marked and
307. olid waste and broken glassware in a container separate from the trash container Either of those kinds of waste sub stances can present a serious hazard to custodial employees during collection and disposal Broken glassware should be wrapped in heavy paper taped and properly labeled DANGER BROKEN GLASS 15 Arrange for emergency communications should a serious problem occur such as a spill or a fire 16 Have space available in which to place the materi als temporarily 17 Do as much preliminary housekeeping as possible to avoid physical obstacles that could lead to accidents 18 Eliminate all sources of ignition 19 Identify and label shelves or cabinet spaces for each category if reshelving 20 Have the right information and labels to do the job if you plan to label each item by its hazard class 21 Plan how you will accommodate or dispose of the many bottles of solutions prepared and stored during recent years Disposal of extremely hazardous chemicals The most serious potential explosives should have been disposed of in step 2 However there are additional chemicals whose potential hazards outweigh any benefit they may provide to the instructional program None of the chemicals shown in the list in Table 2 should be stored in schools if any are present they should be properly disposed of the hazard class is included in the list for disposal purposes In addition all schools that use handle or store carcinog
308. om dealers should investigate the presence of any such coating or sprays and ask the dealer whether the seeds have been chemically coated TABLE 5 Effects of Some Poisonous Plants Toxic Part Effects of Ingestion Flower garden plants Autumn crocus Colchicum autumnale Castor bean Ricinus communis Daffodil Narcissus Narcissus pseudonarcissus Dieffenbachia dumb cane Dieffenbachia various Elephant s ear Colocasia esculenta Some philodendrons Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Hyacinth Hyacinthus orientalis Iris Iris various Larkspur Delphinium various Lily of the Valley Convallaria majalis Monkshood Aconitum various Oleander Nerium oleander Poinsettia Euphorbia pulcherrima Star of Bethlehem Ornithogalum umbellatum All parts especially corm Seeds Bulb All parts All parts Leaves All parts especially bulb Underground stems leaves Young plants and seeds Leaves flowers All parts Leaves branches Leaves flowers Bulbs flowers Vomiting and nervous excitement Fatal one or two castor bean seeds are near the lethal dose for adults Nausea vomiting dermatitis Intense burning and irritation of the mouth and tongue death can occur if the base of the tongue swells enough to block the air passage Painful irritation of the lips mouth tongue and throat dermatitis One of the sources of the drug digitalis used to stimulate the heart
309. ome into contact with a substance which can cause corrosion severe irritation or permanent tissue damage or which is toxic by absorption Water hoses sink faucets or showers are not acceptable eyewash facilities Personal eyewash units or drench hoses which meet the requirements of sections 6 or 8 of ANSI Z358 1 1981 incorporated herein by reference may support plumbed or self contained units but shall not be used in lieu of them b An emergency shower which meets the require ments of sections 4 or 9 of ANSI Z358 1 1981 incorporated herein by reference shall be provided at all work areas where during routine operations or foreseeable emergen cies areas of the body may come into contact with a substance which is corrosive or severely irritating to the skin or which is toxic by skin absorption c Location Emergency eyewash facilities and deluge showers shall be in accessible locations that require no more than 10 seconds for the injured person to reach If both an eyewash and shower are needed they shall be located so that both can be used at the same time by one person The area of the eyewash and shower equipment shall be main tained free of items which obstruct their use d Performance Plumbed and self contained eyewash and shower equipment shall supply potable water at the flow rate and time duration specified in ANSI Z358 1 1981 The control valve shall be designed so that the water flow remains on without requiring t
310. oms for occupancy by 26 students in grades seven through twelve or 24 students in grades nine through twelve These design specifications are generally understood by state and local agencies to be equivalent to 1 300 square feet of floor space including prepara tion and storage areas Therefore teachers and administrators need to take several considerations into account in establishing reasonable limits on the number of students in a laboratory setting to ensure maximum safety within the science laboratory These considerations include 1 The space required for each student to perform experiments safely 2 The safety features in the design of the facilities or space 3 The level of maturity and safety knowledge that students bring to the science laboratory 4 The number of students that one teacher can supervise during a potentially dangerous activity 5 The nature and degree of increased hazard and liability when the class size exceeds 24 students One of the Science Framework guidelines apply ing to safe conditions for science instruction encour ages the practical attitude that the number of students in the laboratory classroom should be determined by factors such as safety number of stations and total classroom square footage rather than school schedul ing needs Laboratory Capacity Faculty cannot be expected to monitor an over crowded laboratory when potentially hazardous experiments are being conducted No one
311. on 8 The employer shall maintain copies of the required material safety data sheets for each hazardous substance in the workplace and shall ensure that they are readily accessible during each work shift to employees when they are in their work area s 10 Material safety data sheets may be kept in any form including operating procedures and may be designed to cover groups of hazardous substances in a work area where it may be more appropriate to address the hazards of a process rather than individual hazardous substances 11 Material safety data sheets shall also be made readily available upon request to designated representa tives and to the Chief in accordance with the requirements of Section 3204 e NIOSH and the employee s physician shall also be given access to material safety data sheets in the same manner 12 If the material safety data sheet or any item of information required by Section 5194 g 2 is not provided by the manufacturer or importer the employer shall A Within 7 working days of noting this missing information either from a request or in attempting to comply with Section 5194 1 make written inquiry to the manufacturer or importer of a hazardous substance respon sible for the material safety data sheet asking that the complete material safety data sheet be sent to the employer If the employer has made written inquiry in the preceding 12 months as to whether the substance or p
312. on 0D O O B D 159 160 Appendix L 10 Each class is provided with proper initial instruction in safety procedures specific to the subject which are reviewed regularly The review includes the following e Use of safety equipment devices and materials a Proper laboratory preparation attire and attitude a Proper use of material and equipment a Disposal and clean up procedures a 11 Documentation files are maintained on the types of instruction given and the dates on which safety related topics were demonstrated conducted or tested a 12 Student safety consent contract forms which attest to initial safety instruction and a knowledge of laboratory regulations and potential dangers are signed by the student and a parent or guardian and retained by the teacher OU 13 The school and school district fire and earthquake drills and emergency procedures include special provisions relating to science equipment facilities and materials Procedures are included for contacting community resources fire department ambulance paramedics hospital doctor a 14 A report is made of any injury illness or incident including appropriate procedures for remediation a a 15 Safety guidelines adopted by the school and school district are reviewed and updated on a regular basis By following the suggestions noted above instructors schools school districts and students can improve their ability to conduct laboratory
313. on 1992 Excellent general science safety tool Steel M P Conroy and J Kaufman How to Say No to Overcrowded Unsafe Science Labs NSTA Reports April 1993 Excellent publication for addressing one of the most often asked safety questions of science teachers Thompson S Chemtrek Small Scale Experiments for General Chemistry Englewood Cliffs N J Prentice Hall 1990 Working Conditions for Secondary Science Teachers Washington D C National Science Teachers Associa tion 1986 Provides an excellent synopsis of general conditions for safe science teaching Publications Available from the Department of Education This publication is one of over 600 that are available from the California Department of Education Some of the more recent publications or those most widely used are the following Item no Title Date of publication Price 1372 Arts Work A Call for Arts Education for All California Students The Report of the Superintendent s Task Force on the Visual and Performing Arts 1997 eenean ae oai a ae aiaee eea e ir a 11 25 1436 California Department of Education Early Start Program Guide 1998 sse 10 00 1498 California Safe Schools Assessment 1998 99 Results 2000 ooonoccnconcococococonoconononononono nono noon non noonnonnnonncnnos 20 00 0488 Caught in the Middle Educational Reform for Young Adolescents in California Publ
314. on services etc as assigned in the Standard Industrial Classification Manual If you have questions regarding the sections cited please call the Occupational Carcinogen Control Unit at 415 972 8577 2 Cal OSHA 183A February 1996 APPENDIX P SAMPLE PHYSICAL SCIENCE LABORATORY REGULATIONS The following regulations have been compiled for the safety of students performing experimental work in physical science classes Strict observance of the regulations is mandatory All students in the school district are to follow these regulations rather than any conflicting instructions in textbooks or laboratory manuals Students and parents are to read the regulations sign the form and return the form to the instructor This proce dure must be completed before a student can begin any laboratory activity The student should keep a copy of the regulations in his or her notebook for future reference General 1 An instructor must be present during the performance of all laboratory work Prepare for each laboratory activity by reading all instructions before coming to class Follow all direc tions implicitly and intelligently Make a note of any modification in procedure given by the instructor Always approach laboratory experiences in a serious and courteous manner Use only those materials and equipment authorized by the instructor Any science project or individually planned experiment must be approved by the teac
315. on copies VISA MasterCard Subtotal California residents Card Number Please write clearly Expiration Date Month Year add sales tax Shipping and handling Nam on Card charges See chart Authorized Signature TOTAL AMOUNT Note Mail orders must be accompanied by a check a purchase order or a ioni Band VISA or MasterCard credit card number including expiration date and your Shipping and Handling Charges signature Purchase orders without checks are accepted from educational Number Number Number institutions businesses and governmental agencies Purchase orders and credit card of copies Add of copies Add of copies Add orders may be placed by FAX 916 323 0823 Telephone orders will be accepted 1 5 95 13 16 15 95 29 32 23 95 toll free 1 800 995 4099 for credit card purchases Please do not send cash t e AEF e Hs e Stated prices are subject to change Please order carefully include correct item E i 2 7 i de AN 3 9 12 14 95 25 28 21 95 40 call 1 800 995 4099 number and quantity for each publication ordered All sales are final Prices and availability are subject to change without notice Please call 1 800 995 4099 for current prices and shipping charges 179 R99 077 002 1006 208 7 00 3500
316. on of the chemical in the laboratory the minimum desirable amount to be maintained and the amount available at the site c Start alphabetically Write the name type of container and quantity of each chemical in storage leave spaces to add hazard class future storage disposal information and so forth See Appendix M for a sample chemi cal inventory Step 4 Collection of Laboratory Residues and Waste 1 Solids Use the following procedures Solid residues should be collected in stone crocks or plastic containers not in a waste basket Aseparate container with a hazardous waste label should be provided for any flammable solid waste substance Solid residues should not be put in sinks or toilets Plumbing problems can be avoided by providing a screen or strainer for the drain in each sink 2 Liquids Observe the following precautions Pour flammable liquids into a safety can labeled hazardous waste Never flush flammable liquids into the plumbing system Dangerous explosions might result from an accumulation of vapors Step 5 Temporary Storage and Eventual Transportation of Hazardous Waste One can assume that any secondary school has chemicals that are included in the Cal OSHA director s Hazardous Substances List California Code of Regulations Title 8 Section 339 and California Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 66261 126 These chemicals are found not only in the science department b
317. opper If necessary expand the hole first by using an appropriate size cork borer Lubricate the 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Students and teacher wash hands with soap and water stopper hole and glass tubing with water or glycerin to ease insertion using towels to protect the hand Carefully twist never push glass tubing into stopper holes Remove all broken glass from the work area or floor as soon as possible Never handle broken glass with bare hands use a counter brush and dustpan Report broken glassware including thermometers to the instructor immediately Operate electrical equipment only in a dry area and with dry hands When removing an electrical plug from its socket pull the plug not the electrical cord Treat all animals in the science laboratory humanely that is with respect and consideration for their care Always approach laboratory experiences in a serious and courteous manner Always clean the laboratory area before leaving before leaving the laboratory area Note Persistent or willful violation of the regulations will result in the loss of laboratory privileges and possible dismissal from the class Please see the Student Science Safety Contract on the following page Appendix F 145 Student Science Safety Contract School Teacher Date Student s name The student has received specific instruction regarding the use function and location
318. orming vascular access procedures except as specified in subsection d 3 D4 and when handling or touching contaminated items or surfaces These requirements are in addition to the provisions of Section 3384 1 Disposable single use gloves such as surgical or examination gloves shall be replaced as soon as practical when contaminated or as soon as feasible if they are torn punctured or when their ability to function as a barrier is compromised 2 Disposable single use gloves shall not be washed or decontaminated for re use 3 Utility gloves may be decontaminated for re use if the integrity of the glove is not compromised However they must be discarded if they are cracked peeling torn punctured or exhibit other signs of deterioration or when their ability to function as a barrier is compromised J Masks Eye Protection and Face Shields Masks in combination with eye protection devices such as goggles or glasses with solid side shields or chin length face shields shall be worn whenever splashes spray spatter or droplets of blood or other potentially infectious materials may be generated and eye nose or mouth contamination can be reasonably anticipated These requirements are in addition to the provisions of Section 3382 Where respiratory protection is used the provisions of Section 5144 apply K Gowns Aprons and Other Protective Body Clothing Appropriate protective clothing such as but not
319. ornia Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 66263 42 see Appendix B This regulation allows registered transporters to commingle waste from any number of generators Since much of the waste handled in a milkrun operation is recyclable the cradle to grave liability will be minimized Schools should be aware of the following n a milkrun operation the transporter com pletes both the generator s and transporter s sections of the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest The generator is responsible for obtaining from the transporter a receipt or shipping paper which must contain the information listed in California Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 66263 42 d 3 A T see Appen dix B The papers must be kept for three years The operator of the treatment storage or disposal facility TSDF that receives and processes the generated waste will send a copy of the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest to both the Department of Toxic Substances Control and the transporter but not to the generator The generator must have an Environmental Protection Agency EPA identification number This number is needed to remove hazardous waste legally from the site and to process the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest You can apply for a number by calling the Department of Toxic Substances Control at 916 324 1781 allow several weeks for the issuance of your number Some school districts have one number for the whole district in
320. osure limit PEL on any day If em ployee exposure to lead on a given day is over the PEL an average of 50 micrograms of lead per cubic meter of air throughout an eight hour workday the employer must a Measure the level of lead in the air every three months b Tell employees in writing the results of air monitoring and what will be done to reduce exposures c Provide employees with proper respirators until the exposure has been lowered by other controls d Prohibit eating drinking smoking or applying makeup in areas in which lead levels are above the PEL e Be sure that employees wash hands before eating drinking smoking or applying makeup f Provide a changing room lunchroom and shower facility at no extra cost to employ ees 4 If employees are exposed to lead at or above the action level the employer must offer medical evaluations at no cost to the employees The Department of Health Services strongly recommends that instructors replace lead and lead compounds with less hazardous substances If lead is going to be used the Department of Health Services recommends the following procedures Only instructors should be allowed to handle powdered lead and lead compounds When handling solid lead compounds other than lead weights or solutions containing lead students must wear laboratory coats gloves and goggles The instructor must inform students of the need for strict personal hygiene and a
321. other districts each high school has a number On applying for an EPA identification number you will receive a package from the Department of Toxic Substances Control called Notification of Hazardous Waste Activity If you need assistance in completing the package call 916 324 1781 Most likely your school unless new already has an EPA number Some waste cannot be transported in milkrun operations If you have questions about whether specific substances can be picked up in a milkrun see California Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 66263 42 a 1 8 in Appendix B or contact your regional office of the Department of Toxic Substances Control see Appendix K for your nearest regional office For laboratory chemicals that are not transportable on milkruns the generator is required to use the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest California Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 66262 10 et seq A sample Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest and ordering information are included in Appendix B 2 Use of a registered transporter of hazardous waste Hazardous waste exceeding 50 pounds 22 5 kilograms or 5 gallons 19 liters must be transported only by registered hazardous waste transporters to a state permitted treatment storage or disposal facility These transporters are regis tered by the Department of Toxic Substances Control Hazardous waste must be packed and labeled for transport in accordance with applicable Departmen
322. ounds and bite students and human bites occasionally occur in schools Such bites often become infected and should be referred to a physician for treatment and continued observation Poisonous Snake Bites 1 The victim should be kept at absolute rest Trans port the victim to a source of medical attention as soon as possible Treat for shock 2 Incision of the wound is dangerous and should be undertaken only by medical professionals An incision is a surgical procedure that should be performed by trained specialists A sterile field and sterile instruments must be used 3 The major effort of the teacher should be to quiet the victim and effect immediate transportation to the nearest medical facility in which an expert evaluation can be followed by the most appropri ate action When any wound that is caused by a poisonous snake occurs on school premises expert emergency room help would be close enough so that a teacher would not have to perform an incision 4 Poison information centers recommend the following steps a Keep the victim still Transport to medical care as soon as possible b Place the injured extremity in a lowered position to retard the flow of the toxins to the victim s heart c Apply a constricting band 2 to 4 inches 5 to 10 cm above the wound if the bite 1s on the arm or leg The band should be snug but loose enough to allow blood to flow to the limb d Cool the extremity with cold compresses if pos
323. ous substances will be handled Note Substances on the list titled Extremely Hazardous Chemicals for Prompt Disposal Table 2 should already have been removed from school laboratories 9 Review and analyze the effectiveness of the CHP annually and update it as necessary A useful reference for developing a CHP for your school or school district is the Model Chemical Hygiene Plan for Kentucky School Districts produced by Kentucky Science and Technology Council Inc the Kentucky Department of Education and the Fayette County Public School District Copies may be obtained for 10 each plus shipping costs from Kentucky Science and Technology Council Inc P O Box 1049 Lexington KY 40588 telephone 606 233 3502 The text is also available on disk for use with Macintosh or IBM compatible computers Recordkeeping The employer must establish and maintain accu rate records and monitor employee exposures and examinations K Employees Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens The California Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 5193 see excerpts in Appendix B requires that each employer whose employees in the course of their occupation may be exposed to bloodborne pathogens must establish a written exposure control plan designed to eliminate or minimize such exposure Selected school district employees may have such occupational exposure The following material sum marizes the regulation Background Certain pathogenic orga
324. outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid A Mercury Metal WARNING Vapor harmful Both vapor and liquid are External No specific Avoid breathing vapor poisonous Contact with treatment for mercury Corrosive skin should be avoided poisoning except the because absorption and administering of chelating Keep only small quantities continuous exposure to agents to speed the in locked cabinet vapor can be harmful elimination of mercury Suspected teratogen Can from the body Wash skin cause damage to kidneys with soap and water and nervous system Internal Induce vomiting Dispose of as extremely unless person is comatose hazardous waste convulsing or has lost gag 8 1 2 CORROSIVE 8 reflex Methanol DANGER Flammable liquid Flammable poisoning may External Ventilate area POISON Vapor harmful May be fatal if swallowed 7 1 glass only or 2S 2 FLAMMABLE LIQUID 3 Cannot be made nonpoisonous occur from ingestion inhalation or absorption through the skin Can be lethal Can cause blindness metabolic acidosis Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Internal If swallowed
325. oxicity the California Health and Welfare Agency identifies formaldehyde as a substance known to cause cancer California Code of Regulations Title 22 Section 12000 If formaldehyde is used at the work site the employer is mandated by the California Labor 26 Chapter 4 Safety in the Biology Laboratory Code Section 9020 and the California Code of Regulations Title 8 to submit a Carcinogen Report of Use Form see Appendix O and to post a copy of the report form in a conspicuous place in the area in which formaldehyde is used Many dissection specimens are originally com mercially preserved in formalin then washed and transferred to a less hazardous medium however this practice has markedly diminished in recent years All such specimens should be soaked in water for 24 hours prior to use and occasionally during use when residual formalin is released from the specimen The contaminated rinse water may not be poured down the sink unless you have obtained permission from your local sewage district authority Schools are advised to use a properly licensed waste transporter to dispose of all preserved display specimens immersed in formalin In the rare case that the specimen is irreplaceable it should be properly transferred to a less hazardous solution e g propy lene glycol ethylene glycol or ethanol For dissec tions of organisms preserved in this manner adequate ventilation is still necessary All transfers
326. p away from food 10 1 1 POISON 6 1 Toxic by ingestion External Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Induce vomiting Seek immediate medical attention WARNING Oxidizer Contact with combustible material may cause fire POISON May be fatal if swallowed Keep container closed and away from combustible material and heat Avoid contact with skin and Barium Nitrate eyes Keep away from feed or food products Sweep up and carefully remove spilled material 2 1 3 0XIDIZER 5 1 Toxic by ingestion Internal Induce vomiting Seek immediate medical attention POISON 6 1 Bismuth and alloys Flammable in powder form External irrigate eyes with Wear goggles to avoid water for 15 minutes Wash injury to eyes skin with soap and water Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate 1 1 3 Not regulated medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Boric Acid Ingestion by young External Irrigate eyes with children can cause severe water for 15 minutes vomiting
327. paration room and project room activi ties Because of the greater probability and severity of many eye hazards in storerooms preparation rooms and project rooms all persons performing or observing hazardous activities in those areas must be equipped with the splash proof plastic goggles and other approved eye safety devices specified for those areas Potential Eye Hazards Eye protective devices must be provided for participants and observers in activities involving but not limited to the following conditions 1 Impact hazards Conducting pneumatic pressure or evacuation operations including use of the pressure cooker Operating power tools Operating centrifugal centripetal devices Conducting projectile and collision demon strations Handling elastic materials under stress for example springs wires rubber glass Working with or igniting explosive or implo sive devices or substances Working with hot molten metals Hammering chipping or grinding rocks minerals and metals Cutting or breaking glass 2 Hazardous substances Pouring pumping or dispensing corrosive substances Generating toxic or potentially explosive gases Mixing chemicals that react violently Preserving and staining biological specimens 88 Chapter 7 Additional Safety Practices Cleaning and sterilizing with corrosive substances including ammonia detergents or solvents 3 Hazardous radiation Direct
328. ployer shall ensure that such records are kept transferred and made available in accordance with Section 3204 k Dates 1 Employers shall have developed and implemented a written Chemical Hygiene Plan no later than October 31 1991 Bloodborne Pathogens 5193 a This section applies to all occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials as defined by subsection b of this section b Definitions For the purposes of this section the following shall apply Blood means human blood human blood compo nents and products made from human blood Appendix B 119 Bloodborne Pathogens means pathogenic microor ganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans These pathogens include but are not limited to hepatitis B virus HBV and human immunodefi ciency virus HIV Contaminated means the presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on a surface or in or on an item Contaminated Sharps means any contaminated object that can penetrate the skin including but not limited to needles scalpels broken glass broken capillary tubes and exposed ends of dental wires Decontamination means the use of physical or chemical means to remove inactivate or destroy bloodborne pathogens on a surface or item to the point where they are no longer capable of transmitting infectious p
329. pme Rol Arpa m AAA c A rl adri er Het l 4 fei h beh Fh h mM o ll eg Evdi laie ler jm nra A tn eah hude Be U n b mna aad ete ny te dra ad 14 L is sra dica prar rer led ge rim r rie Prior lipan yee ween a mhr a de rer nm eee Erm 5 feraha Crp Merr rrer mo rrr rer r e Litet eh 20 lap ir rml Tan k Udi Fh m Worek k e 0m S B4 lire dlar a O beper errin r r d dad 2 eiir Carrer Harra l argk aim em HC P perro nbh di RBS P7 8 510 we mn woe mE aan iE E ad cta ea larupcurur mha me hanmi ba oe B cras ge Fon eee cuml at E rwr Cone erro eed al ba romani n ha n ha Aym 4 LZ VP D Mrle cade mer Ted my a Th rH eed r La ungt 8 a egi grie ee ad irum ear heH usc ed ee e a re rpn rl el Mor de PARAF Cu rrr Mer amh hard ra ERA IE 1 Ap okin y fiL Lan Ma mre rrin nhh rma Fen dU US IFL Bee irn a dera mdt rarr m kra mh Faerie ILT HE De m LENA TT meri arare Ri me rans a bp a garm n Dr CT er o Ihram ai me n riru F Bem IF lr ol daga Tr g pl a tira A N tee ee a LI Tol amp dr prin Wrarrm iran cr Irm H Coni cn He FEM Fam lord n plain minces rrr rrp Moida es lan nm Boye A phim oll arien aas Bear En er h i A Feal Daanan tl rete Ur heli ee emj e wa A A ma Roo oro Tuna ad dl ltr Vieni Logon ad Yo C gD ow Fi L ILLE es Lp Mer md Hallo mn ar b a parami broren br a ree g mar bm cra hr apan a EA llam
330. por Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin 7 1 or 2S 1 ELAMMABLE LIQUID 3 Flammable liquid Prolonged inhalation can be toxic Eye irritant Absorbed by skin Capable of forming explosive hydroperoxides External Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees 50 TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid tert Butyl Alcohol WARNING Flammable liquid Keep away from heat and open flame Keep container closed Use with adequate ventilation Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin 7 1 or 2S 1 FLAMMABLE LIQUID 3 Flammable liquid tert is a flammable solid when in crystalline state Prolonged inhalation can be toxic Eye irritant Absorbed by skin Capable of forming explosive hydroperoxides External Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention sec Butyl Alcohol CAUTION Flammable liquid K
331. posal site 10 Poisons and dangerous reactants should be made inaccessible to students except during actual usage Students should be instructed never to taste or place any substance or object in the mouth except as specifically directed by the teacher under controlled conditions 11 Suction devices or pumps should be used when pipetting never the mouth 12 Chemicals should be stored according to their compatibility group in a single safe and practical storage pattern Adopt and standardize a plan that is agreeable to all staff members and use it throughout the school The storage compatibility categories shown in Chapter 5 section E step 7 are suggested for use in all California secondary schools Use of more than one storage compatibil ity system at one site could be dangerous Minimum precautionary labeling standards for injurious substances used in places of employment in California are established in California Code of Regulations Title 8 General Industry Safety Orders Article 112 Labeling of Injurious Substances sections 5225 5228 The labeling standards that are of special concern to high school science teachers are included in Chapter 5 section F of this handbook Chapter 3 General Laboratory Safety Precautions 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Chemicals should not be stored directly on the floor This precaution will prevent the contact of chemicals with water from flooding mopping or conden
332. posure situations Refresher information and training shall be provided at intervals determined by the employer The chemical hygiene plan shall be readily available to employees employee representatives and on request the Chief of the Division of Occupational Safety and Health Bloodborne pathogens California Code of Regulations Title 8 General Industry Safety Orders Section 5193 This regulation applies to all employers whose employees are subject to reasonably anticipated exposure of their skin eyes or mucous mem branes or through parenteral contact to blood or other potentially infectious materials as a result of the performance of the employees duties Employers are required to establish a written exposure control plan ECP designed to eliminate or minimize employee exposure The ECP must contain at least the following elements Determination of employees who may be exposed to bloodborne pathogens school nurses physical education teachers school security personnel science teachers Methods of compliance engineering and work practice controls personal protective equipment houskeeping procedures Hepatitis B vaccination Postexposure evaluation and follow up Hazard communication information labels and signs and training Recordkeeping Because science classes include a variety of hands on laboratory activities in which the use of glassware and sharp instruments may result in cuts and abrasions s
333. potassium hydroxide slowly to surface of solution to avoid violent splattering In case of contact immediately flush skin with plenty of water and wash with vinegar for eyes flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and get medical attention Caustic Corrosive as a solid and in solution External Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water neutralize with vinegar Seek immediate medical attention Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention 4 1 3 CORROSIVE 8 Potassium Iodide Low toxicity Internal Induce vomiting Decomposition releases and seek immediate 10 1 1 Not regulated toxic fumes medical attention Potassium Nitrate Oxidizer Dangerous fire hazard and Internal Induce vomiting Nonfire Fire 2 1 2 OXIDIZER 5 1 explosion risk when shocked or heated in contact with organic materials Skin irritant and seek immediate medical attention Potassium Permanganate age Wear face protection Oxidizer 2 1 3 OXIDIZER 5 1 Strong skin irritant Explosion may occur if brought in contact with organic or other readily oxidizable substances or if heated suddenly External Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Maintain respira tion Seek immediate medical attention Propane ate Flammable gas 9b cylinder 3 FLAMMABLE GAS 2 1 F
334. programs mercury and mercury com pounds nicotine and other poisons Location Use a lockable drawer remote from the acids storage cabinet Compressed gases Cylinders must be chained or strapped to the wall with caps on tight Location a Keep oxidizing gases remote from flammable liquids metals and flammable gases b keep flammable gases remote from oxidizers and oxidizing gases by a distance of eight meters 25 feet or by a one hour fire wall Low hazard chemicals Many of the salts not otherwise specified of course not the nitrates weak bases oxides carbonates sulfides dyes indicators stains noncorrosive organic acids amino acids sugars and so forth Store on open shelves that have earthquake barriers regulator valves have been removed and safety covers have been installed A relatively safe and practical pattern for storage of chemicals is one that has separate storage provi sions for different categories of chemicals see dia gram on page 44 F Labeling of Chemical Reagents Whenever feasible store chemicals in the contain ers in which they were received and retain the vendors labels Labels on prepared chemical reagent bottles or G Potentially Hazardous Chemicals 43 containers should display the following information see also Table 3 1 Generic name of the chemical and its chemical formula 2 Degree of hazard as designated by the appropriate signal word DANGER WARN
335. providers who have rendered assistance in any situation involving the presence of blood or other potentially infectious material regardless of whether an actual exposure incident as defined by subsection b occurred and the provision of appropriate post exposure evaluation prophylaxis and follow ups for those employees who experience an exposure incident as defined in subsection b including a Provisions for a reporting procedure that ensures that all first aid incidents involving the presence of blood or other potentially infectious material shall be reported to the employer before the end of the work shift during which the first aid incident occurred i The report must include the names of all first aid providers who rendered assistance regardless of whether personal protective equipment was used and must describe the first aid incident including time and date A The description must include a determination of whether or not in addition to the presence of blood or other potentially infectious material an exposure incident as defined in subsection b occurred B This determination is necessary in order to ensure that the proper post exposure evaluation prophylaxis and follow up procedures required by subsection f 3 are made available immedi ately if there has been an exposure incident as defined in subsection b ii The report shall be recorded on a list of such first aid incidents It shall be readil
336. quantity location date of Q The storage area temperature never exceeds 25 C purchase shelf life and projected disposal date 75 F No chemicals are stored above eye level Q The storeroom door is self closing and is locked No chemicals are stored on the floor Q There is adequate ventilation including a fume Shelves or cabinets are secured firmly to the walls hood if needed and the area is isolated from the Earthquake lips or barriers are in place on storage rest of the building Room air is changed at least shelves four times per hour Storage cabinets for corrosive chemicals separate C Compressed gas cylinders are secured upright to cabinets for acids and for bases are on site and are the wall with caps in place Flammable gases are appropriately used TABLE 1 Explosive Chemicals for Immediate Disposal Only by Explosive Technicians Substance Special Note Benzoyl Peroxide Carbon Disulfide Diisopropyl Ether if stored longer than 12 months Ethyl Ether Diethyl Ether if stored longer than 12 months Nitrogen Triiodide Perchloric Acid Phosphorous white yellow Picric Acid Potassium Metal Sodium Azide Benzoyl peroxide may be exploded by heat shock or friction The flashpoint 30 C is well below room temperature and small amounts of the vapor in air can be explosive This chemical becomes dangerous on aging If its age is unknown or if it has been in storage for more than 12 months you sho
337. r Be sure no volatile materials such as alcohol or acetone are being used nearby Use a burner with extreme caution Keep your head and clothing away from the flame and turn it off when not in use Use a fire blanket stop drop and roll to extinguish any flame on a person 144 Appendix F 31 32 33 34 35 36 Dispose of laboratory waste as instructed by the teacher Use separate designated containers not the wastebasket for the following Matches litmus paper wooden splints tooth picks and so on Broken and waste glass Rags paper towels or other absorbent materials used in the cleanup of flammable solids or liquids e Hazardous toxic liquids and solids Place books purses and such items in the designated storage area Take only laboratory manuals and notebooks into the working area Students are not permitted in laboratory storage rooms or teachers workrooms without the approval of the teacher To cut small diameter glass tubing use a file or tubing cutter to make a deep scratch Wrap the tubing in a paper towel before breaking the glass away from you with your thumbs Fire polish all ends When bending glass allow time for the glass to cool before further handling Hot and cold glass have the same visual appearance Determine whether an object is hot by bringing the back of your hand close to the object Match hole sizes and tubing when inserting glass tubing into a st
338. r fibrous form that create flash fires solids that burn rapidly usually because they contain their own oxygen and any material that ignites spontane ously at normal temperatures in air Examples are acetone and methanol 2 Liquids must be moderately heated before ignition will occur solids readily give off flammable vapors An example is kerosene Materials must be preheated before ignition can occur Most combustible solids have a flammabil ity rating of 1 Examples are sulfur and magne sium ribbon 0 Materials will not burn Reactivity yellow 4 Materials are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures or are sensitive to mechanical or localized thermal shock An example is picric acid dry 3 Materials are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition or explosive reaction but require a strong initiating source or must be heated under confinement before initiation Materials are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock at elevated temperatures and pressures or react explosively with water An example is ammonium nitrate 2 Materials are normally unstable and readily undergo violent chemical change but do not detonate Materials can undergo chemical change with rapid release of energy at normal tempera tures and pressures and undergo violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures Materials react violently with wate
339. r Safety Officer Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory viii Sheila Mackenzie Mathematics Science and Environmental Education Unit California Department of Education Jack S McGurk Department of Health Services Sacramento Les Michaels Health and Technical Services California Occupational Safety and Health Administration Walter Milne Director of Health and Safety California Institute of Technology Robert Nakamura Special Studies Unit California Occupational Safety and Health Administration Willa D Ramsay Physics Teacher Madison High School San Diego Barbara Rohde Office of Public and Government Liaison Department of Toxic Substances Control Jon Rosenberg Health Evaluation System and Information Services California Health and Welfare Agency Jim Stratton Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Department of Health Fran Stricker Director of Educational Services Animal Protection Institute Jim Tripod Environmental Health and Safety Office University of California Irvine Susan Wainwright Mathematics Science and Environmental Education Unit California Department of Education Note The titles and locations of the persons included in this list were current at the time this document was developed ScHooL DisrRICT EMERGENCY AND SAFETY PROCEDURES Note Insert a copy of your school district s emergency procedures and your school s chemical hygiene plan California Code of Regulations
340. r or may form potentially explosive mixtures with water Ex amples are sodium peroxide and sodium metal 1 Materials are normally stable but may become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures or may react with water to release some energy although not violently Examples are zinc metal and red phosphorous 0 Materials are normally stable even under fire exposure conditions and are not reactive with water Table 3 also provides 1 specific labeling infor mation from OSHA if necessary for each chemical on the list when possible retain vendor s labels 2 a four part storage related code 3 the potential hazards of the chemical and 4 advice on first aid The key to the four part storage related code is as follows using the code for acetone 7 2S 2 FLAMMABLE as an example 7a 2Sb 2c FLAMMABLEd Chemical storage compatibility category See chart on page 42 Suggested type of container When possible maintain the original container and packaging from the vendor for storage 1 Glass or polyethylene bottle W store under water surrounded by sand in a large con tainer KM store under kerosene or mineral oil surrounded by sand in a larger container 2 Metal can S safety can for larger quantities 3 Wax or plastic bottle in a container of kaolin or other absorbent material Shelf life 1 Poor less than one year with special storage 2 Fair to good up to three years varies with temperatur
341. raining may be limited to addressing the new exposures created F Material appropriate in content and vocabulary to educational level literacy and language of employees shall be used G The training program shall contain at a minimum the following elements 1 An accessible copy of the regulatory text of this standard and an explanation of its contents 2 A general explanation of the epidemiology and symptoms of bloodborne diseases 3 An explanation of the modes of transmission of bloodborne pathogens 4 An explanation of the exposure control plan and the means by which the employee can obtain a copy of the written plan 5 An explanation of the appropriate methods for recognizing tasks and other activities that may involve exposure to blood and other potentially infectious materials 6 An explanation of the use and limitations of methods that will prevent or reduce exposure including appropriate 126 Appendix B engineering controls work practices and personal protec tive equipment 7 Information on the types proper use location removal handling decontamination and disposal of personal protective equipment 8 An explanation of the basis for selection of personal protective equipment 9 Information on the hepatitis B vaccine including information on its efficacy safety method of administration the benefits of being vaccinated and that the vaccine and vaccination will be offered free of charge
342. rd communication program labels and other forms of warning material safety data sheets and information and training 2 This section applies to any hazardous substance which is known to be present in the workplace in such a manner that employees may be exposed under normal conditions of use or in a reasonably foreseeable emergency resulting from workplace operations 3 This section applies to laboratories that primarily provide quality control analyses for manufacturing pro cesses or that produce hazardous substances for commercial purposes and to all other laboratories except those under the direct supervision and regular observation of an individual who has knowledge of the physical hazards health hazards and emergency procedures associated with the use of the particular hazardous substances involved and who conveys this knowledge to employees in terms of safe work practices emphasis added Such excepted laboratories must also ensure that labels of incoming containers of hazardous substances are not removed or defaced and must maintain any material safety data sheets that are received with incoming shipments of hazardous substances and ensure that they are readily available to laboratory employees d Hazard Determination 1 Manufacturers and importers shall evaluate substances produced in their workplaces or imported by them to determine if they are hazardous Employers are not required to evaluate substan
343. rds The teacher must anticipate the possible causes of fire and be ready to act swiftly if a fire occurs despite the preventive measures taken The most common causes of fire in the science laboratory are 1 failure to understand the nature of the supplies or equipment being used and 2 careless handling of supplies or equipment The following extinguishing procedures are recommended for different kinds of fire as indicated Class A fires are fires in wood paper fabrics and other common combustibles Cool the fire with water or use a general purpose dry chemical extinguisher for use with all class A class B and class C fires 83 2 Class B fires involve gasoline oil paint alcohol or other volatile flammable liquids Smother the fire by using carbon dioxide CO dry chemical or foam extinguishers Aim at the base of the flame with the CO extinguisher and do not hold the nozzle horn because of the danger of frost bite Foam should be floated over the fire Expel the entire contents of the extinguisher 3 Class C fires are fires in live electrical devices Use a nonconductive substance to prevent your self from becoming a part of the electrical circuit Use a CO or dry chemical extinguisher Shut off the electrical power if it is possible to do so without sustaining a burn Class D fires occur with combustibles such as magnesium titanium potassium sodium zirco nium or other reactive metals You need a
344. re blanket eyewash spill kit and fume hood available Have a flashlight and ladder available if neces sary Be sure that the room is properly ventilated Have a plastic broom plastic dustpan and plastic receptacle available for cleanup Be prepared to handle unknown substances if they are encountered Have alternate containers bottles cans resealable plastic bags available in case you discover a broken container Have replacement caps available Notify school authorities and maintenance person nel of the reshelving to be undertaken Adapt plastic water bottles for solid residue disposal by cutting off the top of the bottle and punching small drain holes in the bottom Place the container in the sink for the disposal of solids Only small amounts of nonregulated nonflam mable water miscible liquids may go down the drain Check with your local public works depart ment or sanitation district Water Quality Control Division for specified limitations on disposable items Dispose of small quantities of nonregulated nonflammable water miscible liquid residues by pouring them down the sink drain and using large amounts of water to dilute and flush the material through the plumbing system Do not pour acids into a porcelain lined sink If corrosive caustic poisonous or other controlled liquids need to be discarded consult with the appropriate school district staff member Discard nonflammable s
345. red to the wall and had retaining lips on the front edge However doors on storage cabinets did not protect the contents as well as the secured shelves did because lateral motion was able to throw doors open unless they were securely purposefully latched He con cludes that a earthquake procedures and drills should specifically address the dangers of science storage areas b science teachers and facilities should be prepared for emergencies and should be called on to supervise cleanup after an earthquake rather than custodial and other inadequately trained personnel and c battery operated emergency lights should clearly illuminate chemical storage areas The following sobering statement was made by the Bay Area Regional Earthquake Preparedness Project BAREPP in 1985 Approximately 80 percent of California s population is located within the Uniform Building Code s highest seismic risk zone out of the five zones in the United States The remainder of the state is located in the next highest zone This translates to virtually a 100 percent chance of experiencing light shaking or worse during the next 25 years As urban areas in the vicinity of hazardous earth quake regions become increasingly populated the amount of death and destruction from earthquakes can be expected to rise Therefore California s science 98 Chapter 7 Additional Safety Practices teachers need to prepare now Instructors should read 1 Surveying
346. red in any one school as specified in the California Radiation Control Regulations California Code of Regulations Title 17 Use of radioisotopes The use of radioactive materials in classroom activities can provide valuable experience in preparation for subsequent vocational or university application However the use should be closely supervised The standard radiation symbol with the words Caution Radioactive Material should be displayed both at the storage room and in the class room when the isotopes are in use Normally the use of film badges or other types of radiation dosimeters is not required when using exempt quantities of radioiso topes However an operable radiation survey meter should always be available and should be used follow ing the classroom exercise to verify that there is no contamination on the hands or body or on surfaces that have come into direct contact with the isotopes Observance of the following rules will ensure that radioisotopes are used safely Never handle radioactive sources with unprotected fingertips The use of forceps or tongs will mini mize exposure to the hands and fingers Alpha emitters can be shielded easily by a sheet of paper beta emitters should be shielded by one quarter inch lucite or glass However teachers should remember that both of these sources are often accompanied by the emission of gamma rays which may require lead shielding Exempt gamma emitting sources can usuall
347. reducing the time spent waiting for each student to weigh his or her materials Preweighing chemicals also helps to prevent the contamination of substances a problem that becomes more likely when many people are obtaining samples from the same bottle Trained and properly supervised laboratory assistants who have reviewed the pertinent MSDS for each hazardous substance to be handled may perform the preweighing tasks Use less hazardous chemicals Substituting less hazardous chemicals for chemicals that present health and environmental risks can reduce the use of more harmful chemicals A reference on this strategy is New Chemicals for Old Preserving the Student Lab Experiment by R Benedict Minne sota Department of Education 1987 Reduce metal bearing waste Experiments that generate metal bearing waste can be expensive because of the high cost of the processing treat ments for heavy metals Any commingling of less hazardous waste with heavy metals causes the entire mixture to be classified as a heavy metal waste and greatly increases the cost of disposal Many heavy metals such as hexavalent chro mium have recently been placed on the list titled Extremely Hazardous Chemicals for Prompt Disposal because of their carcinogenic or toxic nature see Chapter 5 Table 2 of this handbook Therefore experiments that call for their use should be either modified or removed from the laboratory curriculum Experiments that generate heav
348. rements of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations sections 262 20 e and 263 20 h as of July 1 1988 or 2 Collected from generators who meet the require ments of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations sections 261 5 a and 251 5 9 as of July 1 1988 or 3 Collected from generators of non RCRA hazardous wastes totaling less than 100 kilograms per calendar month c A transporter operating in accordance with this section may transport from any number of generators d A Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest Form DHS 8022A now DTSC 8022A completed pursuant to the following instructions prior to the first collection shall be in the driver s possession when transporting the above mentioned hazardous waste A new manifest shall be completed whenever the driver changes transport vehicle changes a new day begins or upon the last delivery of the hazardous waste to the designated facility The modified manifesting procedures are as follows 1 The transporter shall be responsible for completing both the generator and transporter section of the manifest Appendix B 131 2 The transporter s name and EPA Identification Number shall be entered in both the generator information and transporter information spaces of the manifest 3 The transporter shall attach to the front of the manifest legible copies of the receipts or shipping papers for the waste collected The receipts or shipping papers shall be used to dete
349. ritant to skin throat and lungs Toxic by ingestion fresh air Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Internal Maintain respira tion Seek immediate medi cal attention Aluminum Chloride anhydrous aye Corrosive Store in a dry cool area Reacts violently with water to generate heat and hydrogen chloride gas fumes and hydrochloric acid which are irritating and toxic Causes burns to skin and eyes Dust inhalation will irritate or burn membranes Ingestion can cause severe burns Dispose of as External Irrigate eyes and skin with water for 15 minutes Internal Do not give emetic Seek immediate medical attention 5 1 1 CORROSIVE 8 extremely hazardous waste Aluminum Chloride Emits toxic fumes External Irrigate eyes with crystal when heated to water for 15 minutes decomposition Internal Soluble forms may be corrosive do not give emetic Seek immediate 10 1 3 Not regulated medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees Name and NFPA Symbol TABLE 3 Continued Label Hazard First Aid Aluminum Metal Do Dangerous when wet Easily ignited May explode Can have
350. rmine the total quantity of waste in the vehicle After the waste is delivered the receipts or shipping papers shall be affixed to the transporter s copy of the manifest The manifest and receipts or shipping papers shall be kept for three years The receipts or shipping papers shall contain the following information A Each generator s name address and EPA Identifica tion Number B The name of each generator s contact person telephone number and signature of the generator s represen tative C The transporter s name address and EPA Identifica tion Number D The proper shipping name hazard class and United Nations North America UN NA identification number as applicable E The quantity of waste collected from each genera tor F The date the waste was accepted by the transporter G The name address and EPA Identification Number if applicable of the authorized facility to which the hazard ous waste will be transported H In the case of school chemical collections the drum number which contains the accepted waste I The manifest document number 4 At the completion of each day the transporter shall enter the total volume or weight of the waste on the mani fest The total volume or weight shall be the cumulative amount of waste collected from the generators listed on the attached receipts or shipping papers 5 The transporter shall sign and date both generator and transporter sections of the
351. rms snails arthropods or insects whenever possible These species are especially suitable for student work because of their wide variety and ready availability in large numbers and because of the simplicity of their maintenance and of the return of native species to their natural environment or their subsequent disposal as appropriate Caution Release of nonnative and exotic organ isms may be detrimental to the local environment as well as illegal Observations of animals in their natural habitat including the community surrounding the school should be encouraged In mammalian studies nonhazardous human experiments are often education ally preferable to those using such species as rats guinea pigs or mice No procedure shall be performed on a vertebrate animal that might cause it pain suffering or discom fort or otherwise interfere with its normal health Therefore no surgery shall be performed on any living vertebrate animal mammal bird fish reptile or amphibian No lesson or experiment shall subject a vertebrate animal to any of the following Microorganisms that can cause disease in humans or animals e Ionizing radiation Cancer producing agents Chemicals at toxic levels Drugs that produce pain or deformity Extremes of temperatures Stressful electric or other shock C Eye Safety 85 Excessive noise Noxious fumes Exhausting exercise Overcrowding Other distressing stimuli A
352. rnia and other states The virus is often inhaled with the dust in which saliva urine or feces from rodents have intermingled Special decontamination measures should be taken when participants come into contact with owl pellets because of the possible consumption by the owls of infected rodents Consult your county environmental health department for decontamination procedures Lyme disease is more prevalent along the north coastal region of California The spirochete that causes the infection is injected during the bite of certain ticks and may also be transmitted to other mammals including pets and birds Arthritis heart problems and nervous disorders may result from the disease which is characterized in its early stages as a skin rash that is hard at its center Students should take special precautions such as wearing protective cloth ing and checking the clothes and body frequently for ticks Students should shower as soon as they return home and carefully check for ticks again at that time Valley fever or coccidioidomycosis is discussed in detail in Chapter 4 section E and in Appendix S F Poisonous Plants Biology and general science teachers should be prepared to warn students about the dangers of poison ous plants that grow in California Special attention should be given to poisonous plants or plants with poisonous parts that are 1 included in the school landscaping 2 brought to school for plant studies or 3
353. rning board of every school district and of every county superintendent of schools and of every person firm or organization maintain ing any private school in this state to equip schools with eye protective devices as defined in Section 32032 for the use of all students teachers and visitors when participating in the courses which are included in Section 32031 It shall be the duty of the superintendents principals teachers or instructors charged with the supervision of any class in which any such course is conducted to require such eye protective devices to be worn by students teachers or instructors and visitors under the circumstances prescribed in Section 32031 32031 Courses in which devices are to be used substances and activities dangerous to eyes The eye protective devices shall be worn in courses including but not limited to vocational or industrial arts shops or laboratories and chemistry physics or combined chemistry physics laboratories at any time at which the individual is engaged in or observing an activity or the use of hazardous substances likely to cause injury to the eyes Hazardous substances likely to cause physical injury to the eyes include materials which are flammable toxic corrosive to living tissues irritating strongly sensitizing radioactive or which generate pressure through heat decomposition or other means as defined in the California Hazardous Substances Labeling Act Activity
354. roduct is subject to the requirements of the Act or the employer has made written inquiry within the last 6 months requesting new revised or later information on the material safety data sheet for the hazardous substance the employer need not make additional written inquiry B Notify the requestor in writing of the date that the inquiry was made to whom it was made and the response if any received Providing the requestor with a copy of the inquiry sent to the manufacturer producer or seller and a copy of the response will satisfy this requirement C Notify the requestor of the availability of the material safety data sheet within 15 days of the receipt of the material safety data sheet from the manufacturer producer or seller or provide a copy of the material safety data sheet to the requestor within 15 days of the receipt of the material safety data sheet from the manufacturer producer or seller D Send the Director of Industrial Relations a copy of the written inquiry if a response has not been received within 25 working days 13 The preparer of a material safety data sheet shall provide the Director with a copy of the material safety data sheet Where a trade secret claim is made the preparer shall submit the information specified in Section 5194 1 15 h Employee Information and Training 1 Employers shall provide employees with informa tion and training on hazardous substances in their work area at the ti
355. rom medica tion allergies and so forth F Poisonous Plants 89 The nature of the field trip activity and the envi ronment will dictate supervision needs Ordinarily there should be a minimum of one adult per ten students unless district policy indicates otherwise A first aid kit see Appendix D is required whenever a group takes a trip away from school If the field trip is conducted in an area known to be infested by poisonous snakes be aware of the precautions about poisonous snakebites described in Chapter 2 of this handbook After a first aid kit is used the contents should be replenished if necessary Students should be informed about the most appropriate kinds of clothing to wear on particular field trips Students should be instructed to wash their hands and faces with a strong soap immediately after any exposure to hazards such as poisonous plants in the environment see the following section of this chapter Special precautions should be taken when trips are conducted on or near deep water Special precautions should also be taken when trips are conducted in areas in which participants are likely to come into contact with animals or organisms that spread diseases such as the Hanta virus Lyme disease spirochete and valley fever coccidioidomycosis The Hanta virus is spread by rodents in the natural regions and is found especially around and in primi tive abandoned or seasonally used buildings in Califo
356. route b locating a safe assembly area and c creating an earthquake response plan e g planning first aid and search and rescue strategies Step three Mitigate the nonstructural hazards The following methods are suggested to rectify the hazards that were identified in Phase 1 a checklist of the more common nonstructural hazards found in secondary science classrooms Each suggestion is cross referenced to items in Phase 1 1 Equipment furnishings fixtures a Anchor all file cabinets shelving and bookcases to wall studs Phase 1 1 a l c and 1 d b Check cupboards and cabinets for secure latches that would stay locked during an earthquake 1 1 c Anchor all desktop computers and their components televisions aquariums plants sound systems lamps and other heavy items e 1 f l i and 1 m d Remove or secure any boxes or equipment stored on top of high cabinets 1 h e Check the secure attachment of any over head fixtures decorations lighting grills in walls ceiling panels or latticework 1 b 1 g and n through v f Securely affix fire extinguishers in acces sible areas 1 k g Put chocks under wheels of objects or wheels that lack built in brakes e and i h Restrain heavy equipment e g refrigera tors ranges J i and j 1 Post safety signs symbols and labels to reinforce safety precautions 2 Hazardous toxic materials a Secure compressed gas cylinders or l
357. rum poe hep reyre eed rnm caen oni ted prius ord Geta ana oes in od pri ie pater caede dem ere jp Pagine q arde bh egos rak bh ceri repel rer pl pro marci eg bee El oom A kae dba porran minta Lo Paki hun fice e pum e ed Pa a nnd kiy A ann qareecmed Cnr degna obrem drem e be Acortar aca Es Abl oam Mami herra orbc dn Mil po CNRLA dial c TT LA ee re rob PO CHE e en nha paguen nnd Fur ar Rn lso Pell mum Pus errar DE da ll enn pr RR rad DD pd Conf ee PL A paro ded wn eas beer m Teor x a x ul z lt E I E 5 T F4 LT i d E z a a un aud i E x 7 E zi LA A x o o Lu GQ x lu lu uL o lu wo Ml DO HOY WATE BELO THES LIBE Whee TSDF SER HIE C09 Tio OT wH kT PE Ra pom a FCO ge W orme lo Le EPA NUEL 21 133 WHEN COMPLETING THIS FORM AEREE TO 40 CFR PORT 782 APPEMUI S AMO CO TITLE 32 DIVISION 2 5 CHAPTER 12 amp PPENZKR A Le aum rs lhi ERE pH as lee Mara rr Bee rl br ni 15 a rr raay re de oa ur la C ES llam 2 bap da dar dae m nmi wi rane aei oy uc mem Hir mid rg ts ra can i uam Po eR RJ 10768 e a amorum ha rs imum ha Pu mm orm be rra Pn Harm reie ee Hmm do rad m Pica Hark ome gt rr rra rr x or b 24M Fi ama a pup a L Ae lam ar pe PURINLLIFSAELR HE Ae he 103 renmin nus nni hram r A AT cnm l bn 1 er araw aey Le ara an Be Sacs ho sr cu rad ey em lra r ra hea E Targ
358. s and clothes while using solutions specimens equipment or materials in the laboratory To treat a burn from an acid or alkali wash the affected area immediately with plenty of running water If the eye is involved irrigate it at the eyewash station without interruption for 15 minutes Report the incident to your instructor immediately 36 37 38 39 Never carry hot equipment or dangerous chemicals through a group of students Use a mechanical pipette filler never the mouth when measuring or transferring small quantities of liquid with a pipette Never taste anything or touch chemicals with the hands unless specifically instructed to do so Test for odor of chemicals only by waving your hand above the container and sniffing cautiously from a distance Cleanup and Disposal 40 41 42 43 45 46 Be sure all glassware is clean before use Clean glassware thoroughly after use Residue may cause errors in new experiments or cause a violent reaction or explosion Keep work areas clean Floors and aisles should be kept clear of equipment and materials Clean up any spill on the floor or work space immedi ately Dispose of laboratory waste as instructed by the teacher Use separate designated containers not the wastebasket for the following Matches litmus paper wooden splints tooth picks and so on Broken and waste glass Rags paper towels or other absorbent materials us
359. s of mechani cal ventilation operated with insertion of only the hands and arms of the user and in which hazardous substances are used These devices are also known as laboratory fume hoods c Ventilation Rates Laboratory type hood face velocities shall be sufficient to maintain an inward flow of air at all openings into the hood under operating conditions The hood shall provide confinement of the possible hazards and protection of the employees for the work which is performed The exhaust system shall provide an average face velocity of at least 100 linear feet per minute Ifm with a minimum of 70 lfm at any point except where more stringent special requirements are prescribed in other sections of the General Industry Safety Orders such as Section 5209 The minimum velocity requirement excludes those measurements made within 1 inch of the perimeter of the work opening d Operation Mechanical ventilation shall remain in operation at all times when hoods are in use and for a sufficient time thereafter to clear hoods of airborne hazard ous substances When mechanical ventilation is not in operation hazardous substances in the hood shall be covered or capped off e Special Requirements 1 The face velocity required by subsection c should be obtainable with the movable sashes fully opened Where the required velocity can be obtained by partly closing the sash the sash and or jamb shall be marked to show the maximum openin
360. s of the U S Public Health Service current at the time these evluations and procedures take place except as specified by this subsection f C The employer shall ensure that all laboratory tests are conducted by an accredited laboratory at no cost to the employee 2 Hepatitis B Vaccination A Hepatitis B vaccination shall be made available after the employee has received the training required in subsection g 2 G 9 and within 10 working days of initial assignment to all employees who have occupational exposure unless the employee has previously received the 124 Appendix B complete hepatitis B vaccination series antibody testing has revealed that the employee is immune or the vaccine is contraindicated for medical reasons B The employer shall not make participation in a prescreening program a prerequisite for receiving hepatitis B vaccination C If the employee initially declines hepatitis B vaccination but at a later date while still covered under the standard decides to accept the vaccination the employer shall make available hepatitis B vaccination at that time D The employer shall assure that employees who decline to accept hepatitis B vaccination offered by the employer sign the statement in Appendix A E If a routine booster dose s of hepatitis B vaccine is recommended by the U S Public Health Service at a future date such booster dose s shall be made available in accordance with section f 1
361. s required by this subsec tion shall be provided upon request for examination and copying to employees to employee representatives to the Chief and to NIOSH C Employee medical records required by this subsec tion shall be provided upon request for examination and copying to the subject employee to anyone having written consent of the subject employee to the Chief and to NIOSH in accordance with Section 3204 4 Transfer of Records A The employer shall comply with the requirements involving transfer of records set forth in Section 3204 B If the employer ceases to do business and there is no successor employer to receive and retain the records for the prescribed period the employer shall notify NIOSH at least three months prior to their disposal and transmit them to the NIOSH if required by the NIOSH to do so within that three month period 1 Dates 1 The Exposure Control Plan required by subsection c 1 of this section shall be completed within 60 days of the effective date of this standard 2 Subsection g 2 Information and Training and h Recordkeeping shall take effect within 90 days of the effective date of this standard Appendix B 127 3 Subsections d 2 Engineering and Work Practice Controls d 3 Personal Protective Equipment d 4 Housekeeping e HIV and HBV Research Laboratories and Production Facilities f Hepatitis B Vaccination and Post Exposure Evaluation and Follow up
362. sation and the puddling of liquid contents of defective or broken containers around adjacent stored chemicals Large containers should be stored on the lowest shelves to minimize the danger of breakage or spillage when containers are being removed or replaced See Appendix B for California Code of Regulations Title 8 sections 5163 and 5164 No explosive chemicals should be kept in the school laboratory See Chapter 5 Table 1 for examples of common explosive chemicals which must be disposed of only by trained and qualified officials Consult Chapter 5 section E step 2 for more information Any known carcinogen must be removed from the science area and disposed of appropriately See Chapter 5 Table 2 Extremely Hazardous Chemi cals for Prompt Disposal Note Products made of asbestos once used in the manufacture of heating pads wire gauze centers beaker tongs gloves and various other products must be replaced by ceramic fiber or glass fiber products unless the asbestos fibers are perma nently bonded in a hard sheet such as in the commonly used building material Food for human consumption should not be stored in refrigerators or cabinets or on shelves used for storing chemicals or biological materials Food should not be eaten in science laboratories or storage areas because of the danger of ingesting toxic or corrosive substances In an experiment or demonstration involving any flammable liquid such as alcohol
363. shall not be less than 75 degrees from the horizontal plane c The surface wind at the launch site shall not exceed 18 miles per hour 30 km per hour and vertical visibility from the firing area shall be at least 715 yards 650 m d The recovery device material parachute or other ejected from the rocket during the flight se quence shall be of flame resistant material e The model rocket shall be launched only during daylight hours except when specifically ap proved otherwise by the fire department f All personnel conducting or observing the firing shall maintain a clear distance of not less than 25 feet 8 m from the launch platform during the countdown and firing The firing site shall be clearly blocked off by rope or some other temporary measure g Only one source of power shall be used for each launch site No vehicles shall be within the firing area Appendix Q 171 h The person launching the rocket shall make all electrical connections at both the firing platform and the source of power 1 All spectators shall be positioned upwind of the firing areas and at a distance of at least 25 feet 8 m from the firing site 6 Supervision The instructor in charge of the firing site shall supervise the arming of the rocket with the rocket engine the firing of the rocket and the disposing of all unfired or defective rocket engines A second adult shall be responsible for the safety of spectators and all ot
364. should be re moved from the vicinity of the beam s path Demonstration equipment such as support rods bench surfaces and adjustment tools should be painted or treated to produce a dull nonreflective surface 3 Block the beam when it is not needed The me chanical beam stop should be opened to allow beam emission only when necessary for measure ments or observations It should always be closed when an optical element is being inserted into the beam s path or is being relocated 4 Terminate laser beams Block off the beam at a point beyond the farthest point of interest All laser beams should be terminated in a nonreflective light absorbing material For higher power lasers 20 5 W the material should also be nonflammable 5 Prepare and test demonstrations when no one else is present Demonstrations should be prepared and tested by the instructor when no one else is present All unwanted reflections should always be tracked down and eliminated or blocked 6 Deflect the beam in a vertical plane in complex demonstrations In normal experimental situations the laser beam s path should be kept in a horizon tal plane at a level below or above the eye level of the instructor and observers Complex demonstra tions involving reflection or refraction should be D Use and Hazards of Lasers 81 10 1 conducted with the beam s deflection angles contained in a vertical plane to reduce the possi bility of directing a stray r
365. sible until the person arrives at the hospital but do not pack the wound in ice e Do not cut the wound area A person injured at school is usually within one hour of being admitted to an emergency room and receiv ing expert care Spider Bites 1 Use a cold application and apply soothing lotions such as calamine lotion 2 Refer a student with black widow spider bites to the nurse and the student s parents for medical attention Generally the bites are not considered to be medically urgent unless the school nurse alerts you that the student has had an allergic reaction Bee Stings 1 Observe the person for an allergic reaction while carrying out steps 2 through 6 described below Some of the signs to look for would be Difficult breathing Dry hacking cough Swelling and itching about the eyes Sense of constriction in the throat or chest Massive rash Sneezing and wheezing Sense of uneasiness These symptoms usually occur within minutes and such victims should be seen by a physician right away Occasionally the reactions are de layed 2 Remove the stinger by scraping it with a finger nail or the blunt edge of a knife To avoid releas ing more venom do not squeeze the end of the stinger by pulling it out with your fingers 3 Wash the area of the sting well with soap and water 4 Cover the sting with moistened meat tenderizer containing the enzyme papain Check ingredients on the label for the wor
366. sing a variety of science equipment and materials includ ing those described I pledge my cooperation in urging that she or he observe the safety regulations prescribed Signature of parent or guardian Date Return the completed and signed form to by APPENDIX G SAMPLE SCIENCE LABORATORY SAFETY TEST The following questions were developed to provide teachers with suggested questions from which they might prepare tests for specific courses The list of questions is not intended to be comprehensive each teacher is expected to supplement the sample items Note that although there are only 40 questions in the sample test the answer sheet that follows the ques tions has spaces for 100 items Thus the answer sheet may be used for a variety of teacher developed safety tests 1 If you see something in the classroom or laboratory that is dangerous tell the teacher a When you have time c After class b Atonce d After school 2 Rags or paper towels with flammable liquids or solids on or in them must be put in a A cardboard box c A wastebasket b A metal or crockery container with a lid d A trash can 3 Any spill on the floor can cause an accident Always clean it up a At once c When you have time b During clean up time d Atthe end of the period 4 Alcohol acetone and other volatile materials that can burn easily should never be used near a Another person c A laboratory counter b An open flame d A work table 5 Whe
367. smaller engines are recommended 6 The minimum size of the launch site for class A or smaller engines should extend to a radius of 100 feet 30 m from the firing position 7 No fire hazard may be posed by the launch That means no dry vegetation or forest areas may be within the launch radius 8 No buildings other structures roads or high voltage electrical lines may be within the launch radius 9 The firing area should be at the center of the launch radius In no case should the firing area be closer than 25 feet 8 m from the boundary of the launch site 10 Teachers should caution their students about the dangers of experimenting with rockets and missiles especially the dangers in the preparation and use of noncommercial rockets and propel lants Teachers must refrain from the following Providing chemicals for rockets or missiles or helping students to obtain them Using or permitting to be used liquid or solid fuels in the classroom Such use essen tially constitutes a controlled explosion Permitting the construction of rockets missiles or component parts in the classroom or shop Allowing students too close to the firing area Launching anything other than commercially produced rocket engines of known size and predictable range D Use and Hazards of Lasers Lasers are valuable sources of light to use in exciting demonstrations and laboratory experiments in school Most school lasers are relatively
368. so not to be worn when a dust or vapor hazard exists unless vapor resistant goggles are available It is essential to provide approved nonvented protective goggles promptly to students teachers and visitors wearing contact lenses and to ensure that the goggles are worn regularly If adequate eye protection cannot be provided the student should be excused from the activity and assigned to another supervised room or area Establish routine procedures for the distribution of the individual eye protective devices when needed and for their subsequent return to the storage case Establish a definite readily accessible location in the designated areas for each type of eye protec tive device An accessible germicidal ultraviolet storage cabinet is an appropriate location for goggles because it serves the dual purpose of storing and sterilizing the goggles 6 Maintain reasonable standards of cleanliness because eye protective devices will usually be shared by several persons Use of germicidal cabinets or dips is highly recommended along with frequent thorough washing Although these procedures do not sterilize they do sanitize which is safer than no cleaning at all Students with unhealthy possibly contagious skin or eye conditions should be encouraged to purchase personal safety goggles or specific goggles should be reserved for the students exclusive use 7 Consider the special requirements of the store room pre
369. ss explosion hazard but are so insensitive that there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions of transport 6 Division 1 6 consists of extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosive hazard This 162 division is comprised of articles which contain only ex tremely insensitive detonating substances and which demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation 173 115 Class 2 Divisions 2 1 2 2 and 2 3 Defini tions a Division 2 1 Flammable Gas means any material which is a gas at 20 C 68 F or less and 101 3 kPa 14 7 psi of pressure a material which has a boiling point of 20 C 68 F or less at 101 3 kPa 14 7 psi which 1 Is ignitable at 101 3 kPa 14 7 psi when in a mixture of 13 percent by volume with air or 2 Has a flammable range at 101 3 kPa 14 7 psi with air of at least 12 percent regardless of the lower limit b Division 2 2 Nonflammable Nonpoisonous Compressed Gas including compressed gas liquefied gas pressurized cryogenic gas and compressed gas in solution Means any material or mixture which 1 Exerts in the packaging an absolute pressure of 280 kPa 41 psi at 20 C 68 F and 2 Does not meet the definition of Division 2 1 or 2 3 c Division 2 3 Gas poisonous by inhalation 173 120 Class 3 Definitions a Flammable liquid
370. ssed in this handbook involve potential dangers to persons animals and other living things and therefore should be performed only by persons who are technically trained and qualified ANOIVNOGSV SOISAHq AHL NI ALHAVS 9 6 SAFETY IN THE PHysics LABORATORY HYSICS TEACHERS SHOULD BE FAMILIAR WITH the following safety practices and all other sections of the handbook pertinent to their instructional program Special attention should be directed to Chapter 3 General Laboratory Safety Precautions Appendix H Safety Checklist for Science Instruction Preparation and Storage Areas and Appendix P Sample Physical Science Laboratory Regulations A General Safety Practices 1 In wiring an electric circuit make the live plug in or turn on switch connection the last act in assembling and the first act in disassembling the circuit This practice is applicable to all portable electrical apparatus All alternating current AC circuits above 12 volts should be shielded to avoid direct contact When using an electric current avoid bringing both hands in contact with live sections of the circuit If possible use only one hand at a time in all manipulations involving an electric circuit Electrical cords and extension cords used in the classroom should be inspected regularly for defects in insulation or connections All extension cords should be the heavy duty three wire grounded type Extension
371. ssession the excellent guide entitled Guidebook for Developing a School Earthquake Program furnished a few years ago by the Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA Phase 4 Emergency Equipment and Supplies The threat of an earthquake related emergency varies considerably from one region of the state to another However the basic equipment and supplies that science laboratory classroom personnel need to have on hand in the event of a severe earthquake are quite similar to those needed in other natural emergen cies such as fire flood or tornado or in disasters resulting from air railroad or highway accidents Furthermore Education Code Section 40041 5 speci fies that the school buildings grounds and equipment must be made available to the public agencies includ ing the American Red Cross for mass care and welfare shelters during disasters or other emergencies see Appendix B It is advisable and prudent to consider such possibilities in the overall emergency planning The most obvious needs would include the following 102 Chapter 7 Additional Safety Practices e A source of lighting such as a flashlight with fresh batteries as well as spare batteries and bulbs A battery powered radio for receiving information and instructions A well stocked first aid kit A generous supply of water Science rooms already have available a number of safety features including fire extinguishers fire blanket chemical spill
372. t get on floor Spillage may cause fires with combustible material Sweep and remove immediately When not in use keep tightly closed in original metal container Keep away from fire Store separately from flammable material 2 1 or 2 3 OXIDIZER 5 1 Explodes easily with shock or heat Poisonous dust is irritant to lungs harmful to skin and eyes Reacts explosively with hydrocarbons such as kerosene Detonates if ground with mortar and pestle Use large rubber stopper to grind Do not grind with other substances External Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Potassium Chloride 8 1 1 Not regulated Internal Induce vomiting and seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees Name and NFPA Symbol TABLE 3 Continued Label Hazard First Aid Potassium Hydroxide WARNING Corrosive Causes severe burns to skin and eyes Avoid contact with skin eyes and clothing Do not take internally When handling wear goggles or face shield When making solutions add
373. t of Transportation regulations see Appendix N Biennial reports On March 1 of each even numbered year you will be required to submit a report to the Department of Toxic Substances Control on waste generated at your site during the previous odd numbered year Careful recordkeeping of all the school site manifests and receipts will be helpful in completing the appropriate forms For the past two reporting years generators of less than 1 000 kilo grams per month 1 200 kg year of waste have been exempt from this process Contact your regional office of toxic substances control for more information If you have an EPA number you will receive a report request Once the equipment and details are in place for waste storage and transportation a complete chemicals inventory should be made see step 3 Step 6 Disposal of Waste Note the similarities of these procedures to those for conducting a chemicals inventory see step 3 Therefore it is often efficient to do both at the same time In preparing waste for disposal you should follow these procedures 38 Chapter 5 Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory 1 2 10 11 12 13 14 Use at least two persons no students to perform the procedures and thereby ensure safety Allow sufficient uninterrupted time to complete the task Be clothed properly including goggles apron and gloves for the task Have safety items e g fire extinguisher fi
374. te Styrofoam beads or other particulate insulating material and a Styrofoam chest will further extend the preservation of dry ice Dry ice should be handled with great care to avoid contact with the skin and eyes 7 Handle glass wool and steel wool carefully to avoid getting splinters in the skin or eyes B Students Safety Precautions 1 Students in the proximity of the experiment should wear goggles Evacuate students from seats near the demonstration table even if the possibility of injury is remote Injury might occur from the spattering of chemicals inhalation of fumes and so forth 2 Familiarize the students with the potential hazards of the chemical substances included in Table 3 Hazardous Chemicals Reference Table 3 Instruct the students to smell the contents of a test tube or other container by waving some of the escaping vapors toward themselves The container should never be brought close to the nose 4 Never cap a bottle or use a solid stopper in a bottle containing dry ice or cryogenic liquids Always plug loosely with cotton or use a stopper with a hole 5 Remind students that chemicals should never be tasted smelled or touched unless such action is approved by the instructor and conducted in the proper manner C 1 Demonstrations involving potentially toxic or explosive substances must be arranged to protect both students and teachers from danger The teacher and students should use goggles f
375. ted locations have positive anchorages Are suspended space heaters especially gas fired heaters braced and or equipped with flexible gas connections Are hanging plants movie screens or displays fastened with closed eye hooks and positioned so that they would not hit a window if they were to swing Are air distribution grills or diffusers screwed to adequately supported sheet metal ducts or to the ceiling or wall Are large metal air distribution ducts especially those that are suspended a few feet fastened with diagonal bracing Is the suspended ceiling equipped with bracing wires See Uniform Building Code UBC Table 23 3 and UBC Standard 47 18 Are the lay in fluorescent light fixtures independently supported by at least two hanger wires per light fixture 2 Hazardous toxic materials a Have inventories been made of hazardous chemicals so that someone can check the chemicals after an earthquake Are compressed gas cylinders tightly secured with a nylon strap or strong chain near the top and near the bottom or stored on a rack designed to restrain cylinders Are laboratory chemicals on shelves restrained by a wire lip or other barrier Have chemicals been stored by compatible groups to reduce the likelihood of their mixing and causing reactions Have chemicals been stored in plastic or other unbreakable storage containers Does gas piping allow for movement at connections to equipment that could slide sw
376. ter eto en p EU 12 E Exposure to POolsOns iie n RE E RE REA UE UP EH ERES Ee Og 13 F Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR seen 14 G Shock 2 ae NS 15 3 General Laboratory Safety Precautions oooocooconoccnocanonanoncnnncnononononnnonnncnnn conc con n enne nennt 17 4 Safety in the Biology Laboratory eese nre neret eren 21 A Human Blood Sampling mescla ep p i Hle dde bee 21 B Epithelial Tissue St dy coin ist e cete tete ent nce epe ede eee ede 23 C Use of Microscopes and Hand Lenses esee ener 23 D Experiments with Bacteria and Fungi eese nennen 23 E Special Concerns in the Study of Fungi and Molds sese 23 F Operation of Pressure Cooker for Sterilization essere 24 G Extraction of Chlorophyll Using Flammable Solvents eese 24 H Risks in Use of Acrylamide tii ti n 24 I Risks in Use of Ethidium Bromide eese ener 25 J Risks in Use of Formaldehyde eee nene nee 25 K Instruments and Specimens Used in Dissection ocoooccnocnnoconococonanonananonanono nono nccnnannnanncs 26 L Alternatives to Dissection ie get d dde septo Gio pe e eer iaa 27 M Handling of Laboratory Animals essere nennen 27 N Insect Killins Jars oidos 27 iii 5 Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory eese eene nre 29 A
377. th See if taken internally a physician Reproductive toxin when 7 2 or 2S 3 FLAMMABLE taken in alcoholic LIQUID 3 beverages Ethyl Ether Diethyl Ether So DANGER Extremely flammable liquid Highly volatile See Table 1 Tends to form explosive peroxides especially when anhydrous Keep away from heat sparks and open flame Keep container tightly closed Do not allow to evaporate to near dryness Addition of water or appropriate reducing agents will lessen peroxide formation Dispose of before 12 months old 7 28 or PVC coated bottles 1 FLAMMABLE LIQUID 3 Flammable light sensitive During storage most ethers are subject to the formation of ether peroxides which make ether highly explosive If stored more than 12 months dispose of by calling bomb squad External Ventilate area Irrigate eyes with water Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Seek immediate medical attention Ferric Chloride Corrosive 10 1 1 CORROSIVE 8 Skin and tissue irritant corrosive External Irrigate eyes and skin with water for 15 minutes Seek medical attention Internal Give emetic seek medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproduct
378. th soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Induce vomiting Maintain respiration Seek immediate medical attention Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Barium WARNING May be fatal if soluble compounds swallowed Avoid inhalation of dust Avoid contact POISON Keep away from food 2 1 3 POISON 6 1 Extremely poisonous when inhaled swallowed or absorbed through skin contact External Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Induce vomiting Seek immediate medical attention Barium Chloride WARNING May be fatal if swallowed Avoid inhalation of dust POISON Keep away from food 10 1 3 POISON 6 1 Extremely toxic ingestion can be fatal at concentrations of less than 0 8 mg External Irrigate eyes with water for 15 minutes Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Induce vomiting Seek immediate medical attention Barium Hydroxide WARNING May be fatal if swallowed Avoid inhalation of dust POISON Kee
379. than 5 mW pulsed lasers and lasers emitting radiation at wavelengths outside the visible and near infrared light present additional hazards Schools using such lasers should have a copy of the American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers ANSI Z136 1 1992 published by Laser Institute of America 12424 Research Parkway Suite 130 Orlando Florida 32826 Even though the power of a laser may be low the beam should be treated with caution and common sense Many laser hazards may be avoided by imple menting the following measures 1 Avoid direct viewing of the beam Instruct students not to look directly into the laser beam or its bright reflections just as they should not look directly at the sun or at arc lamps As a general practice do not place any portion of the body in the path of the beam These practices become increasingly important as the power of the laser device s output increases Good work practices developed early will assist the individual later in working safely with more hazardous lasers 2 Know the location of the beam s path and keep it clear of extraneous objects All optical compo nents should be fixed in position in relation to the laser before the beam is propagated to ensure that the beam s path does not change in an uncon trolled manner Objects with mirrorlike finishes e g plumbing fixtures personal jewelry and tools reflect laser beams in unexpected direc tions If possible such surfaces
380. the classroom and stockroom for this entire section on seismic safety then act The nonstructural hazards earthquake safety measures outlined in this section are 2 Performing hazard reduction projects intended to augment the school s general emergency 3 Creating an earthquake response plan disaster plans 4 Procuring emergency equipment and supplies The central components of any earthquake response plan for seismic safety in science classes should include but not be limited to the following phases Completion of these four phases will help the school come into compliance with the requirements of the law to establish earthquake emergency procedures Education Code sections 35295 through 35297 and 40041 5 see Appendix B Phase 1 Nonstructural Hazard Identification The following checklist is intended to help identify common nonstructural earthquake hazards that can be reduced or eliminated at little or no cost For questions checked No refer to Phase 2 step three of this section which contains suggestions for rectifying nonstructural hazards Yes No 1 Equipment furnishings fixtures a Are freestanding cabinets lockers bookcases cupboards storage racks and wall shelves secured to a structural support b Are the ceilings overhead lights movie screens and air ducts secured to a structural support Do tall industrial storage racks have adequate bracing Are racks that are significantly taller than they are wi
381. the employer including an explanation of the labeling system and the material safety data sheet and how employees can obtain and use the appropriate hazard information G Employers shall inform employees of the right 1 To personally receive information regarding hazard ous substances to which they may be exposed according to the provisions of this section 2 For their physician or collective bargaining agent to receive information regarding hazardous substances to which the employee may be exposed according to provi sions of this section 3 Against discharge or other discrimination due to the employee s exercise of the rights afforded pursuant to the provisions of the Hazardous Substances Information and Training Act 3 Whenever the employer receives a new or revised material safety data sheet such information shall be provided to employees on a timely basis not to exceed 30 days after receipt if the new information indicates signifi cantly increased risks to or measures necessary to protect employee health as compared to those stated on a material safety data sheet previously provided 1 Trade Secrets Note The text is not included here This section provides for the withholding of the specific chemical identity of trade secrets on material safety data sheets as long as information concerning the properties and effects of the hazardous substance is disclosed If a physician or nurse determines that a medical
382. tion If swallowed toxic fumes of nitric and victim is conscious oxide give water and induce vomiting If victim is unconscious or having convulsions do nothing except keep victim warm Seek immediate medical 2 1 3 0XIDIZER 5 1 attention Cupric Chloride Corrosive Toxic by ingestion and External Irrigate eyes with inhalation water Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Seek immediate medical attention 10 1 or 2 1 CORROSIVE 8 Maintain respiration Cupric Nitrate Oxidizer Oxidizing material External Irrigate eyes with Dangerous in contact with organic materials O lt gt 4 lt a gt Moderately toxic Nonfire Fire 2 1 or 2 1 OXIDIZER 5 1 water Wash skin with soap and water Seek immediate medical attention Internal Seek immediate medical attention Maintain respiration Hazard risks outweigh the educational value Districts are advised to make their own decisions Consult MSDS for additional information A On the California Health and Welfare Agency list Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity Districts are advised to weigh risks to employees 54 TABLE 3 Continued Name and NFPA Symbol Label Hazard First Aid Cupric Oxide Toxic by ingestion External Irrigate eyes 10 1 or 2 3 Not regulated Irritant to skin eyes and mucous membrane Copper material may cause allergic reaction with water Wash skin with soap an
383. tions and any other instructions during the trip Signature of parent or guardian Date Telephone number Return the completed and signed form to by 172 APPENDIX S OUTBREAKS OF COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH FIELD WORK Recommendations for Prevention from the California Department of Public Health There has been increasing public health concern about outbreaks of coccidioidomycosis valley fever among archaeology students in California The purpose of this statement is to place the problem in its proper perspective and to list precautions which we feel should be taken to help prevent future outbreaks On November 24 1970 the Bureau of Communicable Disease Control State Department of Public Health wrote anthropology departments of California colleges that susceptible students and faculty were at risk of acquiring coccidioidomycosis on archaeologic expeditions and suggested that this risk be made known to all who might participate in field work in areas in which the disease is endemic Additional outbreaks of coccidioidomycosis have occurred in California among archaeology students since then Illness rates have exceeded 50 percent in several student groups and serious disseminated diseases which required protracted hospitalization and treatment occurred in a few instances Outbreaks have continued to occur year after year at sites known to be contaminated with the fungal agent causing coccidioidomycosis Coccidioidom
384. tirely of corrosion resistant materials Acids Inorganic except nitric acid and regu lated organic acids Store in a dedicated corrosive chemicals storage cabinet that has an interior Bottled gas cylinders should be secured to a wall or counter to prevent upsetting the cylinders The rupture or unintentional opening of the release valve may cause serious personal injury and destruction of laboratory facilities especially if the cylinder is not secured and becomes a projectile Larger gas cylinders must be kept in the cart provided for their transport Valves should be in perfect working order When not in use each cylinder must be secured against movement that is each must be held by a sturdy chain or strap connected to ring bolts that will not pull free The cylinders must be located within an approved storage area Move large gas cylinders only when constructed entirely of corrosion resistant materials Nitric acid Must be stored separately from acetic acid Store either in an isolated compart ment in the acids cabinet or in special Styrofoam containers available for that purpose from vendors of chemicals Fuming nitric acid should never be used Flammables Store in a dedicated flammables storage cabinet painted with heat flame resistant paint Preferably isolate flammables from all oxidizers by a minimum of eight meters 25 feet or by a one hour fire wall Poisons Cyanides no longer recommended for school
385. tlora The B rkancarca nauis wubraiing Plopor o Usa nagarding regulada Carepa e Chi Dhion od Cacao Saat nad Haath Tha la mm HADA Pt CAP e CUT egu ltd nw radar rest ha ele mandard s sectors Completion oi tha icin aln farbi tha Pun of ba Alport of La Any chang im lacas weg tlie orc alain Of carcircques uad da your workplace shall ba ger wir 15 cubendar days Exceptiona 10 daye for carcinogena n Bactinna E212 5219 5220 A copy of kach writen report rediret by tas pactio shol bar perla i1 Tha jaca winseg tha rarcineguents iura prin be thee w kpi or an ther apo prada ecto eta where a pHing li conapicocue i af chen ampie REPORT OF USE OF REGULATED CAAGINOGENS AA Lara eee 5208 bithinn MAD 1535 52000 de Arne Cadmium 1537 5207 Benzidine and its salts Abetos 1529 520d 520E 1 5355 37 Deblorrbrearitin mad i salts Vir Cbaride 5310 M Ime ylummoarobenaene Co Oven Emissions 4111 sm Spies Nair iain 1 Dahan Uso papane DECE 5113 ben Napbihyzrame Actyhomitrile 3113 dF Murmibipheny Pone Are 5314 ___ Ninosodine thy urn ice LA Mey ets 2 Choad MBOCAS 5215 LL bass Propidhicione LLL Formaldehyde 5117 Mhaona cher Benzene 5213 Mahy dh crocuahy echer Erwykcar bromida ELE 3219 Eubryienesnaine or Ely lena Drie EGR 220 q o e Era Employaricompary and Division rama Talaphone number Address Humber and Sareat Ciy County Zn hare h
386. to employees in terms of safe work practices Such excluded laboratories must also maintain labels and material safety data sheets of incoming shipments of hazardous substances and ensure that they are readily available to laboratory employees Cali fornia Code of Regulations Title 8 Section 5194 b Note Preparation of a written hazard communica tion program may not be necessary if the school can show that the required elements of Section 5194 are contained in the school s chemical hygiene plan prepared pursuant to the California Code of Regula tions Title 8 Section 5191 See the introductory paragraphs of this chapter and the relevant code sections reprinted in Appendix B School districts or school sites should determine the necessity for writing and implementing a written hazard communication program by examining the extensive excerpts from the California Code of Regulations Title 8 Section 5194 cited in Appendix B The requirements noted above point to the neces sity of establishing a chemicals storage area that is as safe as possible and developing a plan that will ensure the continued maintenance of the area in a safe man ner Start as soon as possible Carefully plan each step The present condition may have existed for some time and is not likely to deteriorate significantly while you assess your situation and examine your options Your planning and implementation should result in a chemicals storage are
387. to receive credit for that course of study However if tests require the harmful or destructive use of animals a pupil may similarly seek alternative tests pursuant to this chapter f A pupil s objection to participating in an educational project pursuant to this section shall be substantiated by a note from his or her parent or guardian 32255 3 Teacher s determination whether pupil may pursue alternative educational project pursuit of grievance proce dures a A teacher s decision in determining if a pupil may pursue an alternative educational project or be excused from the project shall not be arbitrary or capricious b Nothing in this chapter shall prevent any pupil from pursuing the grievance procedures in existing law 32255 4 Duty to inform pupils of rights Each teacher teaching a course that utilizes live or dead animals or animal parts shall also inform the pupils and their parents of their rights pursuant to this chapter 32255 5 Application of chapter to all levels of instruction Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary this chapter applies to all levels of instruction in all public schools operating programs from kindergarten through grades 1 to 12 inclusive Earthquake Emergency Procedures 35295 Legislative findings and declarations The Legislature finds and declares the following a Because of the generally acknowledged fact that California will experience moderate to severe earthqua
388. tories Principle Practices Design Remodel ing Edited by P C Ashbrook and M M Renfrew Boca Raton Fla Lewis Publishers 1991 Deals with design of laboratories from the user s architect s and safety professional s perspectives Includes such topics as ventilation plumbing chemical waste fume hoods and general laboratory renovations Safe Storage of Laboratory Chemicals Second edition Edited by D A Pipitone New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc 1991 Excellent resource addressing federal regulations on storage of laboratory chemicals labeling emergency responses inspections of academic storage facilities and disposal of chemicals Saunders G T Laboratory Fume Hoods A User s Manual New York John Wiley amp Sons Inc 1993 Explains room air patterns hood design face velocities system design and discipline in the use of the hood Science Facilities Design for California Public Schools Sacramento California Department of Education 1992 Assists school personnel and architects in the design of new facilities to allow for the expansion of activity based lessons and additional science courses as recom mended in the Department s Science Framework Selected References 177 Science Framework for California Public Schools K 12 Sacramento California Department of Education 1990 Science Safety No Game of Chance A School Science Safety Manual Tallahassee Florida Department of Educati
389. ucing X rays X ray production is a function of the target materials that the electrons strike 4 The tube wall if thick enough and of proper composition can act as a shield for X rays 5 The output of the tube is strongly dependent on the voltage and current capabilities of the power source The Department of Health recommends the following procedures in the use of cold cathode ray tubes Tubes should be used only for demonstrations conducted by the instructor Tubes should always be operated at the lowest possible current and voltage and the time of operation should be kept to a minimum No student should stand closer than 10 feet 3 m from a tube when the tube is in operation Radioactive Materials This section applies to situations in which indi viduals or groups actively participate in investigations or projects involving the use of radioactive materials It does not refer to class demonstrations of the use of radiation detectors or cloud chambers The properties of radioactive materials have numerous applications in scientific research medicine and industry These applications are anticipated not only to continue but also to increase dramatically in number and in kind School district science programs should provide students with an opportunity to investi gate radiological theory and the uses of radioactive materials to develop techniques and skills in handling such materials safely Licenses California Cod
390. uct herself or himself in a responsible manner at all times in the laboratory List below any special allergies or sensitivities e g to plants animals pollen foods chemicals bee stings that may affect the student s safety in the laboratory or on field trips Check this box if the student wears contact lenses BL Student s Statement I have in my possession and have read the Physical Science Laboratory Regulations pages 167 68 and agree to abide by them at all times while in the laboratory I have received specific safety instruction as indicated above Signature of student Date Parent s or Guardian s Statement I have read the Physical Science Laboratory Regulations pages 167 68 and give my consent for the student who has signed the preceding statement to engage in laboratory activities using a variety of science equipment and materials includ ing those described I pledge my cooperation in urging that she or he observe the safety regulations prescribed Signature of parent or guardian Date Return the completed and signed form to by APPENDIX Q SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR ROCKET LAUNCHINGS ON SCHOOL SITES State fire laws now allow model rockets to be launched on school sites provided that the conditions outlined in this appendix are observed Activities involving the firing of rockets must be well planned It is recommended that launchings be limited to no more than ten rockets if an au
391. uld assume that explosive peroxides have formed If stored for less than 12 months it can be disposed of by placing it in the fume hood removing the cap and allowing the liquid to evaporate See the notes for diisopropyl ether When it is dry it will explode on being touched vibrated or heated slightly even a puff of air will cause an explosion May be stored in wet ether Although the 70 percent perchloric acid water mixture is not explosive by itself the use of perchloric acid often leads to the formation of perchlorates which are very explosive Perchloric acid may be set aside in a safe storage area until commercial disposal is arranged Phosphorous is packed under water and will ignite spontaneously on contact with air at 30 C Picric acid should always contain 10 to 20 percent water and bottles should be disposed of after two years Dry picric acid is explosive and can be detonated by shock or heat Bouin s solution contains picric acid Potassium metal becomes dangerous with age It forms explosive peroxides if not stored under kerosene Sodium azide is very unstable and explosive Keep it away from heavy metals 34 Chapter 5 Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory separated from oxidizing gases by a one hour fire wall or at least 25 feet 7 5 m C There are one or more nonreactive waste recep tacles made of plastic or crockery The following seven step procedure is based on the assumption that you have not inve
392. uld not be cultured Pure cultures of nonpatho genic microorganisms should be used in experi ments When soil or water is used as a source of bacteria or fungi it is important to collect samples unlikely to be contaminated by human pathogens For example water should be collected from lakes estuaries or beaches free of sewage or animal waste pollution See section E for special concerns in studying air and soil cultures of fungi and molds Petri dishes passed around the classroom for inspection of cultures should be bound together with transparent tape Any petri dish that contains fungus should be taped shut Wire loops used for transferring bacteria cultures should be flamed until the entire wire is red hot before and after each transfer is made Inoculating loops must be used with care The film held by a loop may break and cause substan tial atmospheric contamination A hot loop inserted into a liquid may cause spattering Loops should be allowed to cool before insertion into liquids The procedure may require the use of more than one loop so that as one is being used others are cooling When a contaminated loop is inserted into a flame for sterilization an aerosol may be generated by the boiling and volatilization of the material before the flame can kill all pathogenic microorganisms Whenever inoculat ing loops are being used avoid any sudden actions that might result in the generation of an aerosol These pre
393. ursement for the costs of implementing and maintaining a program for the regular removal and disposal of all chemicals 6 Chapter 1 Introduction whose shelf life has elapsed in accordance with the guidelines if they certified to the Superinten dent of Public Instruction by June 30 1988 that the district was in compliance with the guidelines See Appendix C for more information on reim bursable costs and details for filing claims for reimbursement Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories chemical hygiene plan California Code of Regulations Title 8 General Industry Safety Orders Section 5191 This legislation requires all employers engaged in the laboratory use of hazardous chemicals to take specific action toward minimizing employee exposure to such chemicals Employers must develop a chemical hygiene plan that includes e Safe operating procedures Protective equipment Maintenance of proper labeling on hazardous substances Retention of all MSDSs received from vendors MSDSs to be made available to employees Employee information and training Provisions for medical consultations and examinations Designation of a chemical hygiene officer to implement and maintain the plan Employee information and training on the hazards of chemicals present in the work area shall be provided at the time of an employee s initial assignment to his or her work area and prior to assignments involving new ex
394. ut also in the art department industrial arts depart ment and custodial office Your site generates hazard ous waste and school officials must be prepared to store and dispose of the waste appropriately Hazardous waste treatment and disposal practices Hazardous waste may not be disposed of in the regular trash or on the surface of the ground In addition it may not be dumped into the sewer system sink or toilet unless you have an industrial waste discharge permit from your sewer agency If you wish to dispose of treat or recycle your hazardous waste to render it less hazardous or nonhaz ardous at your business location you must obtain a Hazardous Waste Facility permit from your regional office of the Department of Toxic Substances Control 36 Chapter 5 Safety in the Chemistry Laboratory see Appendix K and Health and Safety Code Section 25143 2 To determine the kind and quantity of nonhazard ous chemicals waste that may legally be flushed down sink drains school officials should consult with their county health department and regional water quality control board and obtain approval from the local publicly owned treatment facility If the school site is serviced by on site sewage disposal fields there may be severe limitations on what may be flushed down the drain Check with the local department of health services for advice In any case it will probably be necessary to store some hazardous waste on site temporarily
395. ut also the mode of entry The danger of poisoning is present and the teacher must be ready to act immediately Poison control centers are available to assist in evaluating the potential health risks from an exposure and the need for first aid and further medical manage ment See Appendix E for a list of poison control centers The poison control center should be given the following information Age of the victim Name of the poison involved Amount or degree of exposure Time of ingestion or exposure Condition of the victim Any first aid that has been performed The control center staff will provide detailed instructions about additional steps to be taken If at any time the victim loses consciousness or develops difficulty in breathing dial 911 to summon emergency medical personnel Rescue breathing and CPR should be performed if needed Inhaled Poisons 1 Carry the victim immediately if possible do not let him or her walk to fresh air Open all doors and windows if the victim is too heavy to carry 2 Loosen clothing 3 Use appropriate mouth to nose or mouth to mouth rescue breathing or cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR or both if the victim is not breathing Be sure not to inhale the patient s breath Do not stop until the patient breathes or help arrives 4 Have someone else dial 911 on the telephone for emergency medical assistance 5 See treatment of shock under section G in this chapter
396. virens Laurel black sierra Leucothoe various Moonseed Cocculus laurifolius Red sage Lantana camara incoherence stupor depends on amount effects may be immediate or delayed several hours All parts Fatal produces nausea and vomiting depression difficult breathing prostration and coma Rhododendron Kernel inside Fatal contains a compound that releases cyanide when eaten hard pit gasping excitement and prostration are common symptoms often appearing within minutes All parts Fatal a few berries can kill a child especially berries All parts Severe poisoning excitement staggering convulsions and coma may be fatal All parts Fatal digestive disturbance nervous symptoms impaired respiration convulsions All parts Fatal cardiovascular disturbances Bark Muscle relaxant respiratory depression or arrest Green berries Fatal affects lungs kidneys heart and nervous system Lantana camara Included in Poisonous Plants of California by Thomas C Fuller and Elizabeth McClintock 91 TABLE 5 Continued Toxic Part Effects of Ingestion Ornamental plants Rosary pea Abrus precatorius Wisteria Wisteria various Yew English yew Taxus baccata Plants in fields Buttercup Ranunculus various Jimsonweed thorn apple Datura stramonium Meadow death camas Zigadenus venenosus Nightshade Solanum various Poison hemlock Conium maculatum Seeds
397. wash or eyewash facewash station A faucet mount eyewash or eyewash facewash unit that attaches directly to an existing faucet and also allows for normal faucet usage A face and shower head drench hose operated by a squeeze handle may support plumbed or self contained units but may not be used in lieu of them unless specially designed with separate flushing sprays for each eye The shower head should be on a hose that pulls out of the counter and is installed next to an existing sink over which the face can be held as the eyes are washed E Safety on Field Trips Field trips afford unique learning opportunities and often include hazards not encountered in the classroom laboratory They should be carefully planned and should include provisions for transporta tion protection against on site hazards and supervi sion see NSTA position statement in Appendix A The teacher should visit the site beforehand to assess the hazards so that they can be considered in the pretrip orientation and in communications with parents or guardians Permission slips should be completed and signed by parents or guardians see sample form in Appendix R The document should include details of the trip and provide an opportunity for parents or guardians to indicate any reason medical psychological or religious for their children to be exempted from the activity or be given special consideration during the activity because of conditions resulting f
398. waste Moreover the audit will furnish data to use as a baseline in monitoring the progress of a waste reduction plan The assessment should be executed by knowledgeable staff members or specially trained consultants Appraisal objectives should include the following Identification of the types and amounts of hazard ous materials used and the waste generated in each department Identification of significant losses of materials and the factors that cause the losses for example inaccurately measured amounts of substances used in experiments Suggested strategies for decreasing waste and stemming losses of materials Itemization of current waste management costs and an estimate of the costs of proposed waste reduc tion practices When the assessment is complete a flexible waste reduction strategy can be generated Development of a Campuswide Plan A campuswide waste reduction plan should reflect changes in management practices as well as changes in I Waste Reduction 103 everyday laboratory practices and the usage of chemi cals Waste reduction through prudent management practices The following management practices will help create a thorough and effective waste reduction plan 1 Appoint a waste management coordinator Select a trained faculty member who has been accredited through a college program or workshop on waste management to implement an integrated waste reduction program approved by the school board
399. when necessary Special handling is required if the animal is excited or when it is feeding pregnant or with its young See also Chapter 4 section M Handling of Laboratory Animals Students should wash their hands after handling turtles snakes fish frogs toads and so forth Make sure that the water from the habitat is disposed of carefully Turtles should be purchased only from sources that certify that the turtles are free of salmo nella Teachers should caution students never to tease the animals or to insert their fingers or objects through wire mesh cages Any student who is bitten or scratched by an animal should be sent immediately to the school nurse for appropriate treatment After a period of animal observation is completed animals should be returned to their natural environ ment See Caution in the following section Humane Care and Treatment of Animals Keeping animals in the classroom can be condu cive to the development of many learning situations The humane care and handling of animals is para mount during such lessons See also Chapter 4 section M Handling of Laboratory Animals A respect for living things should be first in the minds of both teacher and student Respect for life shall be accorded to all animals that are kept for educational purposes In biological procedures involving living organ isms teachers are encouraged to select such species as plants bacteria fungi protozoa wo
400. when not in use appropriately secured Nn BIOHAZARD Volatile solvents such as acetone used in paper chromatography experiments should be used only in an area that is well ventilated or if available in a fume hood All laws and regulations regarding the use of animals in science instruction should be adhered to 21 Human Blood Sampling 1 The California Code of Regulations Title General Industry Safety Orders Section 5193 essentially requires each school district in the state to prepare a written exposure control plan ECP designed to eliminate or minimize the exposure of all employees to the blood or certain body fluids of any other person thus eliminating or minimiz ing the likelihood of employees being infected by bloodborne pathogens see Chapter 7 section K and Appendix B A similar responsibility to protect students from such infection is implied Options to using fresh human blood though less desirable instructionally are possible It may be possible to acquire from a local blood bank blood types A B O and AB that has been tested and found free of the hepatitis B virus and the human immunodeficiency virus HIV The blood may be used either in a teacher demonstration using the overhead projector of the common blood types or in a student laboratory activity Such use should be performed with all the precau tions of the school district s ECP because testing for the pathogens noted
401. within the laboratory must also wear approved eye protective devices Read carefully Chapter 7 section C Eye Safety and Education Code sections 32030 32033 found in Appendix B A plumbed in eyewash station supported by a face and shower drench hose must be available in each laboratory classroom in which chemical splashes on eyes skin or clothing are possible Teachers and students should be familiar with the location and function of the eyewash station An emergency shower must be provided in work locations in which areas of the body may come in contact with corrosive or severely irritating substances If the emergency eyewash facility and shower are both needed they must be usable simultaneously by one person No more than 10 seconds must be required for the injured person to reach the eyewash and shower station when needed See Chapter 7 section D Eyewash Station and the California Code of Regulations Title 8 Section 5162 found in Appendix B Science teachers must be aware of the code requirements and other information on eye safety 18 Chapter 3 General Laboratory Safety Precautions discussed in items 6 and 7 Many of the hazardous activities described below are of interest to science teachers in junior high school and teachers of general science courses in grades nine through twelve The following additional information on eye protection is particularly important to those teach
402. y are exposed to heat sufficient to rupture the containers or to cause leakage d Containers used to package a substance which glves off toxic asphyxiant suffocant or anesthetic fumes in hazardous amounts e g fuming sulfuric acid hydrofluoric acid compressed or liquefied toxic gases shall not be stored in locations where it could be reasonably anticipated that employees would be exposed Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories Chemical Hygiene Plan 5191 a Scope and Application 1 This section shall apply to all employers engaged in the laboratory use of hazardous chemicals as defined below 2 Where this section applies it shall supersede for laboratories the requirements of Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations Section 5190 and Article 110 Regu lated Carcinogens of the General Industry Safety Orders except as follows A The requirement to limit employee exposure to the specific exposure limit B When that particular regulation states otherwise as in the case of Section 5209 c 6 C Prohibition or prevention of eye and skin contact where specified by any health regulation shall be observed D Where the action level or in the absence of an action level the exposure limit is exceeded for a regulated substance with exposure monitoring and medical surveil lance requirements E The report of use requirements of Article 110 Section 5200 et seq Regulated
403. y available to all employees and shall be provided to the Chief upon request b Provision for the bloodborne pathogens training program required by subsection g 2 for designated first aiders to include the specifics of the reporting requirements of subsection f 3 and of this exception c Provision for the full hepatitis B vaccination series to be made available as soon as possible but in no event later than 24 hours to all unvaccinated first aid providers who have rendered assistance in any situation involving the presence of blood or other potentially infectious material regardless of whether or not a specific exposure incident as defined by subsection b has occurred 3 The employer must implement a procedure to ensure that all of the provisions of subsection 2 of this exception are complied with if pre exposure hepatitis B vaccine is not to be offered to employees meeting the conditions of subsection 1 of this exception B The employer shall ensure that all medical evalua tions and procedures including the hepatitis B vaccine and vaccination series and post exposure evaluation and follow up including prophylaxis are 1 Made available at no cost to the employee 2 Made available to the employee at a reasonable time and place 3 Performed by or under the supervision of a licensed physician or by or under the supervision of another licensed healthcare professional and 4 Provided according to recommendation
404. y be shielded easily by one quarter inch lead No experiments should be performed that might cause the release of gaseous radioactive products nor should radioactive materials be disposed of in sinks and drains or unmarked waste or trash containers Disposal of unneeded radioactive materials When teachers and administrators become aware of the presence of radioactive sources and materials that are the remains of old classroom activities they should never dispose of those materials as ordinary trash Usually the materials are partially or completely decayed The only acceptable methods of removal are by disposal as radioactive waste or by transfer to a person or institution holding a specific license autho rizing receipt of the material Disposal as radioactive waste presents unique but not unsolvable problems Radioactive sources and trash must be kept separate from liquid materials H Earthquake Preparation 97 which must be absorbed against diatomaceous earth or a similar agent Both must be packaged in steel drums manifests must be prepared and the material must be transferred to an authorized disposal company Before that is done the school must have an EPA number see Chapter 5 section E step 5 and the regulations in Appendix B dealing with milkrun operations for transporting hazardous waste and a permit from one of the three states that maintain low level waste disposal sites The same EPA number can be used
405. y from food Poison 6 1 79 06 1 4 Aminodiphenyl Known 1 X Keep away from food Poison 6 1 92 67 1 Aniline 3 X Poison 6 1 62 53 3 Arsenic Powder Known 1 X Poison 6 1 7440 38 2 Arsenic Trioxide Known 1 X Poison 6 1 1327 53 3 Asbestos Known 1 X Misc hazard 9 1332 21 4 Benzene Known 1 X Flammable liquid 3 71 43 2 Benzidene Known 1 X Poison 6 1 53 1851 53 1862 Beryllium Anticipated 1 X 7440 41 7 Beryllium Compounds Anticipated 1 X Cadmium Powder Anticipated 1 X Poison 6 1 7440 43 09 Cadmium Salts Anticipated 1 X Poison 6 1 Carbon Tetrachloride Anticipated 2B X Poison 6 1 56 23 5 Chloroform Anticipated 2B X Poison 6 1 67 66 3 Chromium VI Oxide and Known 1 X Oxidizer corrosive 5 1 1333 82 0 all hexavalent chromium compounds Cobalt 2B X 7440 48 4 Cobalt II Oxide 2B X 1307 96 6 p Dichlorobenzene Anticipated 2B X Keep away from food Poison 6 1 106 46 7 3 3 Dichlorobenzidine Anticipated 2B X Not listed 91 94 1 and salts 4 Dimethylaminoazo Anticipated 2B X Not listed 60 11 7 benzene Ethylene Dichloride Anticipated 2B X Flammable liquid Poison 3 107 06 2 1 2 Dichloroethane Formaldehyde Anticipated 2A X Misc hazard 9 50 00 0 Hydrazine anhydrous Anticipated 2B X Flammable liquid corrosive 302 01 2 Poison 3 Hydrofluoric Acid Corrosive material Poison 8 7664 39 3 Lead Acetate Anticipated 2B X Keep away from food Poison 6 1 301 04 2 Lead Arsenate Known 1 X Poison 6 1 7184 40 09 Methylchloromethyl Ether Known 1 X Not listed 107 30 2 4 4 Methyl
406. y metals should be carefully monitored so that waste streams are not mixed If nonmetallic reagents are substituted for those containing metals the district will probably encounter lower disposal costs During the laboratory experiment l 2 Use efficient dispensers Using containers that dispense their contents through pumps and spigots will reduce the likelihood of spills and measure ment errors Reduce wet chemistry In some circumstances the use of instrument methods instead of wet chemis try procedures will help in reducing waste because instrument analysis requires much smaller quanti ties of chemicals 3 Avoid generating waste Sometimes chemicals can be rendered sewerable in the final steps of an experiment In that case the process will not only reduce the need for off site disposal but also increase students awareness of proper waste management and waste reduction A thorough reference on this strategy is Prudent Practices for Disposal of Chemicals from Laboratories Washington D C National Academy Press 1983 Chapters 5 and 6 4 Scale down experiments The volume of chemi cals used in experiments can be reduced by practicing microscale chemistry described in the following subsection After the laboratory experiment 1 Recycle experimental products Recycling chemi cals by using the product of one experiment in the student s next experiment is an effective way greatly to diminish the amounts of
407. ycosis can be contracted by minimal exposure to dusty soil in contaminated areas Almost all of the millions of people who are lifetime residents in these areas eventually develop infection from and a lifetime 173 immunity to the soil fungus However when groups of persons from noncontaminated areas enter contaminated areas to engage in field activities which include excavation particularly archaeological digging a high infection and illness rate can result from a relatively brief exposure Therefore we recommend the following to all school programs engaged in any field work involving exposure to dusty soil in areas in which coccidioidomycosis is endemic 1 No educational institution should require students or faculty to participate in field work in areas in which coccidioidomycosis is endemic Alternative course work should be considered to satisfy course require ments Information on coccidioidomycosis should be made available to all prospective students and faculty Recommended references should include at least the following publications a Loofbourow J C and D Pappagianis Coccid ioidomycosis An Occupational Hazard for Archaeologists Society for California Archaeol ogy Special Report No 2 December 1971 Coccidioidomycosis or Valley Fever Sacra mento California State Department of Public Health 1969 APPENDIX T DISPOSAL OF EMPTY CONTAINERS The California Code of Regulations Title 22 Sectio

Science Safety Handbook for California Public Schools

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