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PKZIP® 2.50 Command Line User`s Manual

1. If a message contains a low amount of information it should be possible to represent it in a smaller amount of space Look at this page for example How much of the page is white space with no letters information on it If you took away all of the white space this page would be significantly smaller How many times are the words the information and compression on this page If you could replace each of these words with something smaller you would save a significant amount of space The more frequently the same group of symbols in this case letters appear the lower the information content of the message The Field of Information Theory uses the term entropy to describe the true information content of a message Formulas can be used to determine the entropy of a message The idea behind data compression is to derive a new smaller message from a larger original message while maintaining the entropy of the original message As a simple example consider this sentence she sells sea shells by the sea shore This sentence is 37 characters long including spaces The spaces cannot be simply thrown away as the meaning of the original message would be lost There are obvious patterns to the sentence The combination se appears three times sh three times and Ils twice In fact the se pairs all have a space in front of them so these can be se she sells sea shells by the sea shore 162 Appendix D How Does PKZ
2. Authentic files Verified XYZ123 Vandelay Industries Extracting Files 95 Performing 5 Miscellaneous N Tasks on ZIP Files Overview This chapter contains information on additional tasks that you can perform on ZIP files The options discussed in this chapter are not as commonly used as the options discussed in previous chapters but useful nonetheless Sections in This Chapter e Introduction e Viewing the Contents of a ZIP File e Printing the Contents of a ZIP File e Testing the Integrity of a ZIP File e Previewing Command and Option Operations e Fixing a Corrupt ZIP File e Create a Temporary ZIP File On Alternate Drive e Suppressing Screen Output Performing Miscellaneous Tasks on ZIP Files 97 Introduction PKZIP offers several miscellaneous tasks you can perform on ZIP files You can e View the contents of a ZIP file e Print files contained in a ZIP file e Test the integrity of a ZIP file e Previewing command and option operations e Fixa corrupt ZIP file Refer to the sections that follow for more information Viewing the Contents of a ZIP File view PKZIP allows you to view the contents of a ZIP file without performing any action on that ZIP file for example compress or extract To view a ZIP file use the view option with PKZIP as in the following example pkzip25 view test zip 98 Performing Miscellaneous Tasks on ZIP Files When you type this command
3. Compressing Files 49 For example let s assume that you are currently in a directory called PKWARE Underneath the PKWARE directory is a nested subdirectory called test If you wish to store relative directory path information within a ZIP file use the path option with the add command pkzip25 add path test zip test txt In the previous example any txt files that exist in the PKWARE test directory are archived in the test zip file Additionally the relative path test txt is also stored in the test zip If the files stored in test zip were then extracted using the directories option this path information would be preserved and the files as well as the directory where the files were originally stored would be created and or extracted Keep in mind that with the path option alone PKZIP will only search the current directory for files If you wish to search subdirectories as well as preserve the directory structure use the path option in conjunction with the recurse option or simply use the directories option Additional Methods for Storing Directory Path Information 50 In addition to storing relative path information PKZIP allows you to further customize path information storage in your ZIP files Several sub options allow you specify exactly what directory and path information is to be stored Compressing Files Each sub option is a value that you include with the path option The path option and or sub option wil
4. t compress files that have hidden system or read only attributes overrides the default attributes setting in configuration file default readonly default if used on command line without a sub option all any date in format for compression add extract before specified in Country delete test Settings or the locale i view files that Id option pkzip25 add bef 091595 save zip process files that are older doe than a specified date e g the US date format is for extraction configurable mmdd i pkzip25 ext bef 091595 save zip doc mmddyyyy no default value Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference 123 Name Description comment include a text comment for individual files within a ZIP file configurable configuration define default values for most PKZIP commands options console perform a mock extract and display files on your screen default reset the original defaults for the commands options in the configuration file 124 WEIN all all files within ZIP file unchanged only existing files that have not changed add only new files freshen only existing files update existing and new files none turn off comment default add any configurable command option specified in the previous chapters no default value no suboptions no default value no subop no defaul Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference Examp
5. Command Characteristics 117 Appendix A N PKZIP Options A Quick Reference This appendix contains reference information on every PKZIP command and option For each command option the following information is provided Category Represents Name Description The full name of the command option and a brief description of what that command option does If the command option can be configured defaulted in the Configuration file the word configurable appears after the description Value s The value s associated with this command option including the default value for each If a command option does not have an associated value the phrase no suboptions appears Example usage An example of how to include this command option in your PKZIP command line including possible abbreviations For most options you can abbreviate the command option These abbreviations are illustrated in the examples used in this appendix This command can be used for compression extraction viewing testing a combination or as a stand alone none of the above Information on each command option follows Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference 119 Name Description 204 turns on PKZIP for DOS 204g compatibility configurable add add files to a ZIP file configurable after process files that are newer than or equal to a specified date configurable 120 WENN no suboptions no default val
6. delete the file or allow the setup program to overwrite the file Do not rename pkzip ex_ if prompted by the setup program Assuming the overwrite option is set to prompt this warning appears when PKZIP attempts to extract a directory over an existing directory with the same name Answering Y at this prompt will update any extended attributes EAs stored in the ZIP file This error occurs when PKZIP attempts to allocate memory for extended attributes and cannot Try making more memory available to PKZIP 152 Appendix B Error and Warning Messages a Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions This section lists some commonly asked questions about PKZIP and related subjects We hope you will find this information helpful Why do I get the message SYS1041 The name specified is not recognized as an internal or external command operable program or batch file or Bad command or file name or XXXX not found These messages tell you that your operating system cannot find the program to which you are referring This occurs because you are either not spelling the name of the program correctly or you didn t put a space between the program name and its options or the program has not been properly installed If you are trying to run PKZIP and you get this error it may be because pkzip25 exe is not in your search path Why didn t the files zipped get any smaller On occasion you may find that the files you add to a ZIP fil
7. marks around wildcard designations to bypass automatic wildcard expansion by your shell which may restrict your pattern search See the Getting Started Manual for more information Compressing Files As with the path option PKZIP provides several methods for storing directory path information The available sub options are listed in the following table Sub option Store the directory path relative to the current location Store the full path starting from the root directory down specify Store the directory path information that is specified in your PKZIP command relative Store the directory path relative to the current working directory of the drive specified DOS Turn off the path option Used to override configuration file Refer to the previous section Additional Methods for Storing Directory Path Information for more information For example pkzip25 add directories current docs zip docs In this example only directory information under the docs directory will be stored Parent directory information will not be stored pkzip25 add directories root docs zip docs In this example the entire directory path starting from root directory will be stored pkzip25 add directories specify docs zip temp docs In this example temp docs is the directory information that will be stored pkzip25 add directories relative docs zip c doc z doc In this example the path informati
8. should be followed by one or more file types This results in just the type s specified being included in the ZIP file For example filetype none pipe results in only PIPE files being included all include all of the above file types regular include exclude regular files default regular Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference Used with 127 Name Description fix recover a corrupt ZIP file header create a comment for a ZIP file which will appear in the header area of the ZIP file configurable help display help screen for PKZIP id preserve the user ID UID and or group ID GID on extraction UNIX note the user who extracts files with preserved UID and GID information must have the same UID as is archived in the ZIP file or root superuser file privileges 128 WENT no suboptions no default value a text string or file specified with a list file character e g that represents the header information no default value any command or option for which help is desired no default value userid retain the user ID on extraction groupid retain the group ID on extraction all retain both the user ID and group ID on extraction none retain neither the user ID or group ID on extraction no default value Appendix A PKZIP Example usage Used with pkzip25 fix save zip stand alone to include specific text add stand
9. t use maximum with another compression level option because you can only select one compression level See Appendix A on page 119 for a complete list of commands and options and their functionality Tutorial N In this tutorial you will compress the brown doc file into the test zip file using the fast option Additionally you will add a header comment to the test zip file using the header option The fast option instructs PKZIP to use the fastest compression speed Follow these steps 1 Verify that you are in the tut directory 2 Tocompress files using the fast and header options type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 add fast header test zip brown doc The fast option emphasizes faster compression speed over the compressed file size The header option instructs PKZIP to prompt you to enter a header comment that will then appear in the header area of the ZIP file PKZIP will display the following prompt Zip Header 3 Specify a header comment and press ENTER The PKZIP output screen including the Zip Header prompt will look similar to the following PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Using compression level 2 Fast Updating ZIP test z Zip Header this is ny header Adding File brown doc beflating 58 8 done The Basics As you can see from the screen o
10. you can extract files based on certain criteria You can extract e Files that are newer than a specified date e Files that are older than a specified date e All files of a specific pattern e All files except those specified Refer to the sections that follow for more information Extracting Files 87 Extracting Files Newer Than a Specified Date after With PKZIP you can choose to add or extract only those files that are newer or equal to a specified date To do this use the after option followed by an equal sign and the date as shown below pkzip25 extract after 062495 test zip In this example only files that contain a date newer than or equal to June 24 1995 will be extracted With PKZIP you can enter dates in the following formats e mmddyy e mmddyyyy This order in which you type the month day and year depends on your locale setting For more information on the locale setting see Chapter 7 Command Characteristics on page 114 Extracting Files Older Than a Specified Date 88 before With PKZIP you can choose to add or extract only those files that are older than a specified date To do this use the before option followed by an equal sign and the date as shown below pkzip25 extract before 062495 test zip In this example only files that contain a date older than June 24 1995 will be extracted Extracting Files With PKZIP you can enter dates in the following formats e mmddyy e mmdd
11. 01 the step value returned is lt 1 gt Welcome to PKZIP 5 Using PKWARE Technical Support We hope that using PKZIP is an enjoyable and trouble free experience Our goal is to provide you with the best product and documentation possible However problems and questions might arise In most cases you ll be able to answer those questions or solve the problems by referring to the Getting Started Manual the on line help or the manual you are now reading If however you need further assistance you can reach the PKWARE Technical Support Department in the following ways e Internet Usenet e CompuServe e PKWARE Bulletin Board Service BBS e Faxing Calling a Technical Support Representative Remember to refer to this manual before you use one of these options Using Internet Usenet PKWARE products are frequently discussed in the newsgroup comp compression Internet newsgroups are not supported directly by PKWARE You will find a customer assistance area on PKWARE s World Wide Web site Additionally you may use the Internet Usenet to electronically mail PKWARE Technical Support PKWARE s Internet addresses are as follows e World Wide Web http www pkware com e Electronic Mail support pkware com 6 Welcome to PKZIP Using CompuServe PKWARE technical support representatives maintain a discussion forum on CompuServe To reach the forum type GO PKWARE from any CompuServe prompt PKWARE is located in area 11 P
12. Date None Attributes Read Only Before Date None Comment No files Compression Level 5 Default Directory Disabled Extract All Header Disabled List Char Locale Time 12 Hour Date MMDDYY None Read Only Hidden System Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Auto Prompt Disabled Disabled Disabled More Press Enter or Space for next screen Esc to abort To view more of this file press ENTER Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File 109 When you press ENTER the following information appears PKZIP Configuration Settings NoZipExten Disabled Test All Path None View Option Normal Recurse Disabled Volume Sfx Type WIN32_X86_C250 Compress Disabled Shortname Extract Disabled Silent Disabled Warn Pause Disabled Sort zip Date Disabled Compress Natural Extract Natural view Natural Exclude Files Compress None Extract None Include Files Compress None Extract None In this file the command options are to the left of the equal sign the default values are to the right of the equal sign Words that are indented under a command or option represent different tasks for example compress or extract If a command or option can be used for two different tasks for example compress and extract you can set a different default for each task For information on changing defaults refer to next section Changing a Default Value Changing a Default
13. In order for the data to be re created from the compressed representation we must include a copy of the table used to encode the data This can be a seriously limiting factor If the data is too complex or the encoding scheme too inefficient the table used can be as big as the space saved by the encoding In the worst cases an attempt to re encode the message using a table results in the encoded message plus the table being larger than the original message This is why data which uses a low number of symbols and frequently repeated combinations of symbols such as a text file compresses well Complex highly random data such as the information representing a program on disk is difficult to encode efficiently and therefore compresses less Speed vs Size Searching for these patterns and determining an efficient way to encode the data takes a lot of computer power and time The more time taken to analyze the data the better the compression will be To get more speed you must sacrifice some level of compression There are other steps and methods used in powerful compression schemes such as those used by PKWARE products Hopefully this explanation gives you a better understanding of what happens when PKZIP compresses data Archiving Programs usually rely heavily on associated data files or may actually consist of several related programs Some programs may require dozens or even hundreds of files In the dawn of the PC age
14. Other dots in a file name are ignored and left unchanged and only the trailing dot if present is used to suppress the adding of an extension to the ZIP file name The nozipextension option does the same thing Systems that do not support more than one dot per file name will also suppress the extension if any dot is present in the file name For example on OS 2 FAT entering file wow will result in a file called file wow with no ZIP extension added by PKZIP even though the dot is not at the end of the file name On the other hand entering file wow on Win32 FAT UNIX or OS 2 H P F S amp N T F S will result in a file called file wow zip Compressing Files Learning the Basics This section contains information on how to perform simple data compression You perform all PKZIP tasks from a command prompt The following are the minimum elements you need to type to compress files e The word pkzip25 which is the main PKZIP command e A dash followed by the word add which is the base command used to compress files 14 The Basics e The name of the ZIP file e The names of the file s you want to compress For example to compress a file called test txt into a ZIP file called temp zip type the following pkzip25 add temp zip test txt When you compress files the pkzip25 and add are constant Every other element of the command varies depending on the files being compressed in addition to their loc
15. PKZIP will assume that you wish to compress all files in the current directory If however you wish to specify all files in another directory you must use the convention for specifying all files e g The Basics 19 Tutorial D Compress all the files in your tut directory into the test zip file Follow these steps 1 From your command prompt type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 add test zip Your files start to compress Because you are compressing all of the files in your tut directory this will take a little longer Output similar to the following appears PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Updating ZIP test zip Updating File red txt Deflating 62 1 done Updating File green doc Deflating 39 3 done Updating File blue fil Deflating 62 1 done Updating File yellow doc Deflating 59 4 done Updating File white doc Deflating 59 4 done Updating File brown doc Deflating 59 4 done Adding File tan txt Deflating 62 1 done Adding File orange fil Deflating 39 3 done Adding File black tut Deflating 61 0 done Adding File purple txt Deflating 39 3 done Adding File pink tut Deflating 61 0 done Adding File gold tut Deflating 61 0 done The phrase Updating File appears in front of some files while Adding File app
16. Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Creating ZIP test zip Adding File red txt Deflating 62 1 done The first three lines contain the PKZIP banner information name of the product date version and so on The last two lines list the name of the ZIP file you created the file s that were compressed and the percentage that the file was compressed You have now successfully compressed a file into a ZIP file Before you continue with the next section let s take a look at your tut directory 3 View the contents of the tut directory by typing one of the following commands gt From a UNIX based command prompt type Is l A file listing similar to the following will appear rw rw rw user pkware 1030 June 30 2 50 black tut rw rw rw user pkware 4185 June 30 2 50 blue fil rw rw rw user pkware 5920 June 30 2 50 brown doc rw rw rw user pkware 1030 June 30 2 50 gold tut rw rw rw user pkware 591 June 30 2 50 green doc rw rw rw user pkware 591 June 30 2 50 orange fil rw rw rw user pkware 1030 June 30 2 50 pink tut rw rw rw user pkware 591 June 30 2 50 purple txt rw rw rw user pkware 4185 June 30 2 50 red txt rw rw rw user pkware 4185 June 30 2 50 tan txt rw r r user pkware 1702 June 30 2 59 test zip rw rw rw user pkware 5920 June 30 aed white doc rw rw rw user pkware 5920 June 30 2 50 yellow doc gt From a DOS based command prompt type dir The
17. S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Creating ZIP test123 zip Adding File purple txt Deflating 39 3 done The test123 zip file is created in the current directory as that is the directory in which you typed the command You can also specify a different location in which to create or update a ZIP file The next section shows you how to do that Specifying a Different Location for the ZIP File Until now you have created a ZIP file in the current directory With PKZIP you can specify a different location for the ZIP file right in the command line Simply include the location or directory path in your command The Basics 21 22 Tutorial F While remaining in the directory that is parent to the PKZIP install directory compress the file called gold tut which is in PKZIP Tutorial directory and place it in the test zip file which exists in PKZIP Tutorial directory as well Follow these steps 1 Verify that you are in the appropriate directory 2 To compress gold tut into the test zip file and place the updated ZIP file in the PKZIP Tutorial directory type one of the following command lines and press ENTER gt From a UNIX based command prompt type pkzip25 add pkzip25 tut test zip pkzip25 tut gold tut gt From a DOS based command prompt type pkzip25 add pkzip25 tut test zip pkzip25 tut gold tut Your files start to compress and a screen similar to the following appears PKZIP R Version 2
18. all symbolic and hard links will be followed rather than preserved none symbolic and hard links will be preserved default none Example usage pkzip25 add include doc save zip in this example only doc files will be compressed pkzip25 config include txt in this example you are setting up txt files as the files that you always want to compress or extract until you change the default or override from the command line with the exclude option note when you use the include option with the configuration command PKZIP prompts you to configure the include default for add and or extract operations pkzip25 add lev 9 save zip doc pkzip25 lic pkzip25 add filetype hlink links hlink save zip this example compresses regular and hard linked files and duplicates link and file data for each hard linked file added to the ZIP file Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference Used with add extract delete test view stand alone add filetype note you must use both the add command and filetype option with the links option 129 Name Description listchar set the list character to the specified ASCII character for list files configurable listsfxtypes display a list of the types of SFX files that can be created with PKZIP locale change the system locale environment value that defines the valid formats for all date and time fields entered using PKZIP co
19. alone pkzip25 add hea save zip doc note when you type this command PKZIP will prompt you for the header text to include an existing file pkzip25 add hea text doc save zip doc pkzip25 help stand alone pkzip25 help add in this example you are specifying a specific command add for which you wish to view the help file pkzip25 extract id userid save zip extract Options A Quick Reference Name Description include include files to compress or extract configurable note you must specify a sub option e g file pattern or list file name preceded by an appropriate list character with the exclude option level set the level of compression configurable license display the product license information for PKZIP links specify that linked files be followed or preserved ina ZIP archive UNIX note following a link results in a larger ZIP file size since two copies of file data are compressed as though each link is a separate file KEUTO H the file s or file pattern for example doc being included no default value any digit from 0 through 9 with 0 being no compression at the fastest speed and 9 being the most compression at the slowest speed default level 5 normal no suboptions no default value hlink hard links will be followed stored rather than preserved slink symbolic links will be followed stored rather that preserved
20. and press ENTER pkzip25 version Information similar to the following appears PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Version 2 50 Advanced users of PKZIP often require more detailed version information to assist in automating compression and extraction operations PKZIP has the capability to return the version number as a value to the shell The version number will be returned as a positive integer value less than 256 This value is only returned to the shell and is therefore not viewable by the user This functionality can be useful to verify PKZIP version numbers in the context of a BAT file or shell script The default action is to return the major number of the release For example for version 2 5 the return value will be 2 Using sub options with the version option will return precise values of the release number to the shell The available sub options and the values they return are outlined in the following table Sub Option PKZIP Returns For example major The major release number For pkzip25 version major example if the version number is 2 5 the value returned is lt 2 gt The minor number of the release For pkzip25 version minor example if the version number is 2 5 the value returned is lt 5 gt The step or patch value For example pkzip25 version step if the version is 2 04
21. automatic wildcard expansion by the shell which may restrict your pattern search see the Getting Started Manual for more information for a new ZIP file add stand alone pkzip25 add sfx save to convert an existing ZIP file pkzip25 sfx save zip pkzip25 add short dos save zip Reference Name Description silent suppress all screen display output configurable note errors and warnings are displayed whether the silent option is specified or not however prompts for other PKZIP operations are not displayed e g Password sort sort files within ZIP file based on specific criteria for example by file size configurable note the crc and ratio sub options will not work with the add command and sort option WEI H no suboptions no default value crc sort by CRC value date sort by file date of file extension sort by file extension name sort alphabetically by name natural sort in the order that the file was compressed ratio sort by compression ratio size sort by the original uncompressed size of the file length in display none do not sort same as natural default natural default if used on command line without a sub option name Example usage Used with pkzip25 add silent save zip doc all commands pkzip25 config silent note if the silent option is enabled by default in the configuration file PKZIP will display a
22. characters type the character s then an asterisk For example for all files that begin with res you would type res e For files that end with a specific character pattern type an asterisk then the character s For example for all files that end in all you would type all The Basics Note For other wildcard conventions and general command line conventions refer to your Operating System documentation Tutorial C Compress all files in your tut directory that end with doc Follow these steps 1 From your command prompt type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 add test zip doc The following appears on your screen PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Updating ZIP test zip Updating File green doc Deflating 39 3 done Adding File yellow doc Deflating 59 4 done Adding File white doc Deflating 59 4 done Adding File brown doc Deflating 59 4 done When PKZIP is finished the command prompt reappears Compressing All Files in the Current Directory PKZIP allows you to compress all files in a specified directory In the previous tutorials you compressed files by specifying either a specific file name e g red txt or file pattern e g doc When you compress all files you only have to type the name of the ZIP file with the add command
23. command see the Viewing the Contents of a ZIP File section on page 98 Note The above view list was generated from a DOS command line In a UNIX view listing the Attr column would be replaced by a Mode column with permission numbers for each respective file The Basics 25 Further Information on Compressing Files The tutorials in the previous sections presented a sample of the file compression options available to you For example you can compress only files that are newer than the files already stored in the ZIP file You can also set the compression level prioritizing either soeed or compression For information on these and other compression features refer to Chapter 3 Compressing Files on page 43 Extracting Files Learning the Basics With PKZIP you can extract files just as easily as you can compress them This section shows you how to extract files back to their original size You can extract all files from a ZIP file or just one file You can also extract only the files that are newer than the files with the same name on your hard drive When you extract a file you have to include at least the following in your command including a space between each element e The word pkzip25 which is the main PKZIP command e A dash followed by the word extract which is the base command used to extract files e The name of the ZIP file Including these three elements extracts all the files cont
24. confirmation prompt every time you attempt to modify the configuration file add extract test view pkzip25 add sort date save zip doc pkzip25 config sort date note when you use the sort option with the configuration command PKZIP prompts you to configure the mask default for add extract and or view operations Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference 137 Name Description span forces disk spanning in the event that PKZIP is unable to detect the fact that destination directory is on removable media note the spanning process should proceed automatically a command line option is usually not necessary to enable this feature DOS OS 2 speed sets the level of compression to 1 which is the least but fastest compression configurable store sets the level of compression to 0 no compression and only stores the files within the ZIP file configurable temp creates the temporary ZIP file required by PKZIP on specified drive note the temp option only works when updating an existing ZIP file 138 WENN no suboptions no default value no suboptions no default value no suboptions no default value the drive and or path e g C or root temp no default value Appendix A PKZIP Example usage pkzip25 add span a save zip doc pkzip25 add speed save zip doc pkzip25 config speed pkzip25 add store save zip doc pkzip25 con
25. for a list of platforms for which PKZIP and PKZIP compatible software is available Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions 159 lt Appendix D D How Does PKZIP Work This Appendix provides a description of how PKZIP actually does its job It isn t necessary for you to know or understand the information presented here any more than you need to know how your carburetor works to drive a car It is presented to help you feel more knowledgeable about the software Two Processes PKZIP performs two functions compression and archiving Although the two ideas may seem related they are actually completely separate e Compression is the process of representing a given piece of information with a smaller piece of information e Archiving is the process of combining many files into a single unit usually along with vital information about each file Compression The actual process used by PKZIP for its compression is too complex to explain in detail Instead some of the general principles behind information theory and compression are explained In order to understand data compression you need to understand two ideas Information Content and Binary Coding Appendix D How Does PKZIP Work 161 Information Content Everything in your computer everything you ever read is information The more complex a message is the higher the information content The less complex the less random a message is the lower the information content
26. for download Contact PKWARE Technical Support for further information Compressing Files Available Options in the Native Self Extractor Below is a list of PKZIP options that you may use with the native self extractor e after before console directories exclude extract help id include license locale mask more noextended overwrite password permission print silent sort test times version volume warning For example if you wanted to recreate the directory structure stored within a self extracting archive called test exe you would type the following test exe directories Keep in mind that these options are only available for the native Self Extractor and only when the Self Extractor is being run These options are not available for the DOS or Windows versions of the self extractor Differences between a Regular DOS and DOS Junior Self Extractor Self extracting files exe are larger than the corresponding regular ZIP file because of the extraction code that is included The main difference between a regular and a junior DOS self extractor is that the junior is smaller and contains fewer available options Converting a ZIP file to a Self Extracting file If you wish to convert an existing ZIP file to a self extracting file use the sfx option in your command line Additionally the sfx option can be used to update existing self extracting files For example if you wish to convert a file called
27. help for the add command type the following at the command prompt and press ENTER pkzip25 help add The help information for the add command will appear Getting License Information To display the PKZIP license information on your screen do the following 1 Atthe command prompt type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 license If you have the registered version of PKZIP information similar to the following appears PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 PKWARE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES AS TO THIS SOFTWARE WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT ABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE FUNCTIONALITY OR DATA INTEGRITY OR PROTECTION See documentation for further disclaimers and information For use on multiple machines or to use to distribute your information or software a separate license is required Please see the LICENSE TXT file for further information This is a registered version and is only for use on those machine s for which it is licensed This version is NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED as Shareware PKWARE Inc 9025 N Deerwood Drive Brown Deer WI 53223 4 Welcome to PKZIP Getting Version Information To determine the version of PKZIP you are using do the following 1 At the command prompt type the following
28. information similar to the following appears PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Viewing ZIP test zip Length Method Size Ratio Date Time CRC 32 Mode Name 3746 Deflatn 1425 62 0 03 11 1997 4 16p e4da66f6 0666 readme txt 1986 DeflatNn 812 59 2 03 11 1997 8 51a 7bcc0521 0666 whatsnew txt 5732 2237 61 0 2 Note The above view list was generated from a UNIX command line In a DOS view listing the Mode column would be replaced by an attributes Attr column PKZIP also provides two additional methods for displaying information from a ZIP file Specify the desired method as a value in addition to the view option These methods include e brief a compact less informative view of the ZIP file e detail more information than the default view Displaying a Brief View of a ZIP File To display a more compact brief view of a ZIP file use the brief value with the view option as in the following example pkzip25 view brief test zip When you press ENTER information similar to the following appears PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Viewing ZIP test zip Length Method Size Ratio Date Time Name 3746 Deflatn 1425 62 0 03 11 1997 4 1
29. is newer than the copy of the file within the ZIP file If a file in the source directory is not already present in the target ZIP file PKZIP adds it to the ZIP file Is PKZIP compression lossy or lossless PKZIP uses a lossless compression scheme This means that 100 of the original data is preserved and re created There is no difference between the data that you put in and the data that you get back out There are other compression methods that are known as lossy The idea behind these compression methods is that if you throw away some of the data it becomes less complex and therefore can be compressed more This type of compression is only useful for data that need not be precise This applies to some applications that use pictures and sound Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions How do I include subdirectory information in my ZIP file In order to include subdirectory information in your ZIP file you must recurse the subdirectories and preserve path names This is done with the directories option For example pkzip25 add directories test zip In this example the current directory as well as all subdirectories and files contained therein are archived in a file called test zip When a ZIP file is created with paths stored these paths are visible in a view of the file view To re create these subdirectories or to place files into their original subdirectories the directories option must be used with t
30. no spaces in the file name it is not necessary to use quotation marks For example pkzip25 add header header txt test zip e Type the actual comment as part of the command With this method you include an equal sign followed by the comment If there are no spaces in your comment it is not necessary to use quotation marks Our example comment does include spaces so therefore our command line would look like the following pkzip25 add header This is the comment test zip Including a Volume Label DOS OS 2 volume With PKZIP you can include a volume label with your ZIP file This can be any drive letter even if it is not the same drive from which the files were compressed For example if you compressed files from the C drive you could store the volume label from your D drive as your volume label Compressing Files 71 To include a volume label use the volume option with the add command as in the following example pkzip25 add volume test zip doc The volume label for the current drive will be stored If you wish to specify the drive use the volume option followed by the drive letter with the add command as in the following example pkzip25 add volume a test zip doc Specifying the Date of a ZIP File zipdate When you create a ZIP file PKZIP automatically applies the current date as the date of the ZIP file However you can specify a different date for the ZIP date by using the zipdate opt
31. on the values available with commands and options refer to Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference on page 119 The Basics 39 40 Tutorial O In this tutorial you will compress files using a command and option both of which contain sub options or values Specifically you will compress only files that exist in the test zip file but that have changed Additionally you will specify that the file be minimally compressed while emphasizing maximum compression speed This is accomplished by using the add freshen command as well as the evel 7 option Follow these steps 1 Verify that you are in the tut directory 2 Open a text editor e g vi notepad e Type anything in the edit screen that you wish Save the file into your tut directory as test txt Exit the text editor A file called test txt should now exist in your tut directory 3 Add the test txt file to the test zip archive by typing the following pkzip25 add test zip test txt The test txt file is added to the test zip archive 4 Re open test txt file located in the tut directory with your text editor e g vi notepad e Edit or add characters in the edit screen Re save the file as test txt into your tut directory An updated test txt file should now exist in your tut directory 5 Type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 add freshen level 1 test zip PKZIP adds only those files that have been updated since test zip was first created or last modifie
32. option with the extract command as in the following example pkzip25 extract directories test zip When you use this command all directories that were stored in the ZIP file will be retained during extraction The directory path stored is appended to the directory in which you extract the files For example if your extract directory is doc and a directory path stored with the files is temp fruit the files would now be extracted to doc temp fruit Sorting Files in the Extract Directory sort PKZIP allows you to specify the sort order of files that are compressed ina ZIP file or extracted into a destination directory For example if you wish to extract files in a specified sort order by date you would type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 extract sort date test zip In this example all files that exist in the test zip file are extracted into the current directory sorted in ascending order by date For further information on the available sort options see page 137 the on line help or the Sorting Files Within a ZIP File section on page 75 Extracting Files Only for Display console PKZIP gives you the option of displaying specific files contained in a ZIP file to your computer monitor For example if you wish to view the contents of all of the txt files contained in a ZIP file type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 console test zip txt Extracting Files 93 In this example all files
33. or option you would type in your PKZIP command line and in many cases a value or suboption in addition to the command e g add all If the text under the heading is the command followed by an equal sign and another word it means that the other word is a value sub option that goes with that command Default Values for Commands and Options 44 For each compression task in this chapter the command or option that represents that task contains a default value A default value represents the action that occurs when only the name of the command or option is included in your PKZIP command For example the default for the add command is to compress all files For commands and options that contain defaults these defaults are stored in the Configuration file PKZIP s Configuration Options can only be edited through PKZIP Refer to Chapter 6 Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File on page 107 for more information Compressing Files Compressing New and Existing Files When you compress files into a ZIP file you can create a new ZIP file or add update files in an existing ZIP archive For example you might only want to compress files that end in doc On the other hand you might want to update files in an existing ZIP file but only those that have changed since the last time you compressed them Note The add command is used for creating new ZIP files as well as adding files to an existing ZIP archive Compressi
34. people wanted a way to keep all of these associated files in one location Library programs were created to take a number of files and group them together into a single file This made them easier to find easier to store and much easier to send to someone by modem It makes much more sense to be able to send someone a single package instead of many files If you forget a file all sorts of problems arise 166 Appendix D How Does PKZIP Work These programs were the birth of Archiving In order for a single file to hold many files information about each file also had to be stored in the archive This information could then be used by the archival software to locate a file and pull it out or to list information about the files contained within an archive Compression was first available as a utility that would take a single file and produce its compressed equivalent People began to group files together with a Library program and then compress the archive file The next and obvious step in this process was to combine the two ideas Compress the files and archive them This made storage very simple the compression was no longer a separate step and could be taken for granted as part of the archiving process PKZIP is the second generation of these programs PKZIP can not only compress and archive files but also stores a great deal of vital information about the files PKZIP even stores directory structures and volume labels How PK
35. possible values These values are mapped onto a table called ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange Each different combination has a particular character that is mapped to it such as a letter number or symbol Each of these positions of 0 or 1 is called a bit she sells sea shells by the sea shore The sample message above would be represented by 296 bits 37x8 bits If we follow standard ASCII we have 256 different symbols being represented for our use The sample sentence we are using only contains alphabetical characters and only 11 of them at that If we only need 11 different values we could use a lower number of bits per character The closest value to 11 using binary combinations is 16 combinations using 4 bits per character If we wrote a new table of our own using four bits per character and used it to represent the message we would use only 98 bits This would be half as many bits a considerable savings We can do better It is possible to have binary codes of varying length To do this we must use codes with unique values that are not repeated as the beginning of another code In this way we can find the codes in a long stream of zeros and ones If the codes were not constructed to have unique beginnings it would not be possible to find each individual code within a long stream of zeroes and ones There are many types of coding techniques that produce codes of varying length based upon symbol fr
36. press ENTER cd ext Tutorial I Extract the file called red txt from the test zip file Follow these steps 1 Verify that you are in the ext directory 2 Type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 extract test zip red txt PKZIP extracts the file Your screen will look similar to the following PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Extracting files from ZIP test zip Inflating red txt The first three lines contain the PKZIP banner information name of the product date version and so on The fourth line contains the task PKZIP performed in this case Extracting followed by the name of the ZIP file in this case test zip The fifth line contains the word Inflating then the name of the file being extracted in this case red txt Inflating is an internal method of extraction that is meaningful only to the program 28 The Basics 3 To confirm that red txt has been extracted into the ext directory type one of the following commands and press ENTER gt From a UNIX based command prompt type Is l red txt A listing similar to the following appears rw rw rw 1 user pkware 4185 June 30 2 50 red txt gt From a DOS based command prompt type dir red txt A listing similar to the following appears RED 4 185 A 2 50a red txt 5 TXT 1 file s 4 1 ytes 0 dir s 88 793 088
37. press ENTER pkzip25 extract test zip Because you are extracting files that already exist in your ext directory PKZIP asks you if you want to overwrite the file by displaying the following prompt Overwrite lt Y gt es lt N gt o lt A gt Il ne lt V gt er lt R gt ename lt Esc gt 3 Type y for yes if you wish to overwrite the file The same prompt will appear for the other files that already exist in the EXT directory If you wish to overwrite those files as well type y PKZIP extracts the files and the screen will look similar to the following PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Extracting files from ZIP test zip Inflating black tut PKZIP W7 Warning file blue fil already exists Overwrite lt Y gt es lt N gt 0 lt A gt 11 ne lt V gt er lt R gt ename lt Esc gt y Inflating blue fil Inflating brown doc Inflating gold tut PKZIP w7 Warning file green doc already exists Overwrite lt Y gt es lt N gt 0 lt A gt 11 ne lt V gt er lt R gt ename lt Esc gt y Inflating green doc Inflating orange fil Inflating pink tut Inflating purple txt Inflating red txt Inflating tan txt Inflating white doc Inflating yellow doc The Basics 4 To confirm that the files were extracted into your ext directory type one of the following commands and press ENTE
38. retrieves from a file called Ist txt located in the current directory Ist txt contains file location information that PKZIP uses to add files to the test zip archive You may also use a LIST File to specify files for exclusion from an archive based on some criteria using the exclude option The exclude option is discussed in more detail on page 58 Use the listchar option to specify something other than the character as the LIST character For more information on the listchar option see Chapter 7 Command Characteristics on page 115 Note The file format for a LIST file when extracting files may differ from the format referenced above See the Extracting Files with a LIST File section on page 94 for more information Compressing Files Compressing Files Based on Some Criteria after before include exclude With PKZIP you can compress files based on certain criteria You can compress e Files that are newer than a specified date e Files that are older than a specified date e All files of a specific pattern e All files except those specified Refer to the sections that follow for more information Compressing Files Newer Than a Specified Date after With PKZIP you can choose to compress only those files that are newer or equal to a specified date To do this use the after option followed by an equal sign and the date as shown below pkzip25 add after 062495 test zip In this example only files that cont
39. the following sub options Sub option To For example Convert ZIP file to a pkzip25 add short dos save zip DOS equivalent short file name Convert ZIP file to a pkzip25 add short os2 save zip OS 2 equivalent short file name Note Windows NT uses the DOS file name from the system but generates an OS 2 file name internally PKZIP includes sub options for both OS 2 and DOS because of the differences in the way each operating system handles short file names Storing File Information PKZIP allows you to store specific file attribute information within your ZIP file You can e Store file attributes including hidden system and read only e Store extended file attribute information e Remove mask file attributes Refer to the sections that follow for more information Compressing Files 59 Compressing Files That Contain Certain Attributes DOS OS 2 attributes PKZIP allows you to compress files based on the attributes that they possess These attributes are usually assigned either by the creator of a file a system administrator or by the operating system The following are attributes you can store e hidden e system e read only The default attribute for purposes of compression is read only That is if you do not use the attributes option on your command line system and hidden files are not compressed into your ZIP files If you do use the attributes option on your command line but do not spec
40. to indicate an option or command PKZIP allows you to change the default option character to some other specified ASCII character By default the option is set to the character However if you have file names that for example begin with an you may experience problems when trying to add these files to a ZIP archive Fortunately PKZIP allows you to change the default option character to avoid such problems This is accomplished using the optionchar option For example if you wish change the default option character from to type the following pkzip25 config optionchar You would then have the option of using the character to indicate a command or option in your command line Additionally the character can always be used to indicate a command or option in a DOS based command line If you wish to specify an alternate option character on the command line itself type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 opt add save zip doc When used as a command line option the optionchar option only applies to the options that follow it on that particular command line In our example the optionchar option allows you to use the character with the add option Note Avoid using metacharacters as option characters Metacharacters have a special significance to the shell and as such their usage may cause unpredictable results This would include the following characters amp lt gt NEWLINE SPACE TAB
41. you want to automatically include all files with the extension of doc in PKZIP compress and extract operations enter the following pkzip25 config include doc When you use the include option with the configuration command PKZIP prompts you to configure the include default for add and or extract operations The doc file pattern will henceforth be included by default in compress and or extract operations If for example you type the following command line pkzip25 add test zip txt Those files with txt and doc extensions are added to the test zip archive If you set up a default pattern in the Configuration file but want to specify a different pattern for this instance only for example compress all files that end in txt use the include option followed by an equal sign then the file pattern as in the example below pkzip25 add include txt test zip If you do not set a default for include in the Configuration file it s not necessary to specify the include option in your command only the file pattern For more information on modifying PKZIP s default values through the PKZIP Configuration Settings file see Chapter 6 Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File on page 107 Compressing Files 57 Excluding Files from Being Compressed exclude When you compress files you might want to exclude specific files from being compressed or extracted for example all files that end in omp To exclude fi
42. 13 ZIP File Naming Conventions 14 Compressing Files Learning the Basics 14 Compressing a Single File in the Current Directory 15 Compressing Selected Files in the Current Directory 17 Compressing Files That Match a Pattern 18 Compressing All Files in the Current Directory 19 Compressing Files from a Different Location 20 Specifying a Different Location for the ZIP File 21 Moving Files into Your ZIP File 23 Viewing Files Within a ZIP File 24 Further Information on Compressing Files 26 Extracting Files Learning the Basics 26 Extracting a Single File From a ZIP File 27 Extracting Multiple Files From a ZIP File 29 Overwriting Files that Already Exist in Your Directory 34 Extracting Files to a Specified Directory 34 Table of Contents Tr Further Information on Extracting Files 35 Understanding PKZIP Commands and Options 35 Difference between a Command and Option 36 Including an Option in Your Command Line 36 Abbreviating Commands and Options 37 Combining Options 37 Commands and Options That Contain Values 39 Commands and Options Compression or Extraction 41 Setting Defaults 41 What s Next 41 Chapter 3 Compressing Files 43 Introduction 44 Conventions in This Chapter 44 Default Values for Commands and Options 44 Compressing New and Existing Files 45 Compressing All Files in a Directory 45 Compressing New and Modified Files 46 Compressing Only Files That Have Changed 47 Clearing Archive Attributes DOS OS 2 47 Compressing F
43. 24 The Basics Tutorial H View the files within the test zip file Follow these steps 1 Verify that you are in the PKZIP tutorial directory 2 To view the files within the test zip file type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 view test zip PKZIP displays a file listing of all of the files contained in the test zip file The listing will look similar to the following PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Viewing ZIP test zip Length Method size Ratio Date Time CRC 32 Attr Name 4185 DeflatN 1590 62 1 07 30 1997 2 50a 208fe014 w tan txt 4185 DeflatN 1590 62 1 07 30 1997 2 50a 208fe014 w red txt 4185 DeflatN 1590 62 1 07 30 1997 2 50a 208fe014 w blue fil 1030 Deflatn 402 61 0 07 30 1997 2 50a 70856c85 w pink tut 1030 Deflatn 402 61 0 07 30 1997 2 50a 70856c85 w black tut 1030 Deflatn 402 61 0 07 30 1997 2 50a 70856c85 w gold tut 5920 DeflatNn 2409 59 4 07 30 1997 2 50a 8687cc4f w brown doc 5920 Deflatn 2409 59 4 07 30 1997 2 50a 8687cc4f w yellow doc 5920 DeflatN 2409 59 4 07 30 1997 2 50a 8687cc4f w white doc 591 Deflatn 359 39 3 07 30 1997 2 50a d00756d3 w green doc 591 DeflatNn 359 39 3 07 30 1997 2 50a d00756d3 w orange fil 591 Deflatn 359 39 3 07 30 1997 2 50a d00756d3 w purple txt 35178 14280 59 5 12 For more information on the view
44. 4 By default PKZIP does not enable PKZIP for DOS 2 04g compatibility When 204g compatibility is enabled extended attribute data is stored in both the Local header and Central header records This will result in a slightly larger ZIP file size but improves the chance that extended attribute information can be recovered if the ZIP file should become damaged It also ensures the extended attribute information is always retained if the file is generated with a version of PKZIP other than 2 04g This option is ignored when extracting The 204 option also limits the number of files that can be added to a ZIP archive from 65 535 to 16 383 To enable 204g compatibility use the 204 option as in the following example pkzip25 add 204 test zip Removing File Attributes when Compressing DOS OS 2 mask By default PKZIP will compress all normal and read only files If however you choose to compress files with other attributes system hidden using the attribute option you can use the mask option to remove those same attributes on compression or extraction The mask option allows you to retain or not retain specific file attributes within that ZIP file Compressing Files 65 The table below lists all of the available sub options for masking file attribute information Sub Option To For example Remove the hidden file attribute pkzip25 add mask hidden test zip from files system Remove the system file attribute pkzip25 a
45. 5 add sfx dosfull test doc Compressing Files 79 Creating a DOS Junior Self Extractor To create a DOS junior self extractor use the jrdos value with the sfx option as in the following example pkzip25 add sfx jrdos test doc Creating a Windows 16 Bit Self Extractor To create a Windows 16 bit self extractor use the win16 value with the sfx option as in the following example pkzip25 add sfx win16 test doc Creating Self Extractors with the pksfxs dat file 80 The Distribution Licensed version of PKZIP includes an external data file called pksfxs dat It is only available and will only function with the Distribution Licensed version of PKZIP The pksfxs dat file allows users to create self extractors in addition to the extractors included with the Shareware and Registered versions of PKZIP for several different platforms The listsfxtypes option will display a list of the types of SFX files that can be created with PKZIP including self extractors contained in the pksfxs dat file You can specify the location of the pksfxs dat file on your system with the help of an environment variable called PKSFXDATA For information on setting the PKSFXDATA environment variable see the Getting Started Manual PKWARE will periodically update the pksfxs dat file as self extractors are developed for other operating systems and platforms As updates are created they will be made available to Distribution Licensed users of PKZIP
46. 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Updating ZIP pkzip25 tut test zip Updating File gold tut Deflating 61 0 done The Basics Moving Files into Your ZIP File Normally the original files that you compress remain on your hard drive after you compress them That is the default action when you use the add command PKZIP allows you to remove the files from your hard drive location after they are compressed into the ZIP file CAUTION Be careful when moving files fro n your hard drive to a ZIP archive If the ZIP archive s subsequently damaged lost or deleted any fil s contained therein will be damaged lost or dele ted with it Regularly back up your ZIP archives to avoid uch problems To remove files after they are compressed use the move option along with the add command To include an option in your PKZIP command you simply type that option preceded by a dash after the add command The following tutorial shows you how to do this Note For basic information on PKZIP options refer to the Understanding PKZIP Commands and Options section on page 35 Tutorial G In this tutorial you are going to compress the file called pink tut into the test zip file and remove pink tut from your tut directory Follow these steps 1 Change back to the PKZIP Tutorial directory 2 Type the following
47. 6 30 97 2 50a gold tut 13 file s 50 600 bytes 2 dir s 88 727 552 bytes free You have now extracted all of the files contained in the test zip file The Basics 33 Overwriting Files that Already Exist in Your Directory In the previous tutorial you saw what appears when you extract files into a directory that contains file s with the same name PKZIP offers several choices for handling the overwriting of files while extracting Refer to Chapter 4 Extracting Files on page 83 for complete information on extracting files from a ZIP file Extracting Files to a Specified Directory The extraction tutorials up to this point had you extract the contents of the test zip file into the current directory With PKZIP you can specify a different extract location for the ZIP file right in your command Simply include the location or directory path Tutorial L Extract the file called red txt archived in the test zip file into the directory above parent to the tutorial directory Follow these steps 1 Verify that you are in the tut directory If you are still in the ext directory change to the tut directory 2 To extract the red txt file archived in the test zip file into the tutorial directory s parent directory type the following command line and press ENTER pkzip25 extract test zip red txt 34 The Basics The two periods at the end of the command line tell PKZIP to extract the file into the directory u
48. 6p readme txt 1986 DeflatNn 812 59 2 03 11 1997 8 51a whatsnew txt 5732 2237 61 0 T Performing Miscellaneous Tasks on ZIP Files 99 Displaying a Detailed View of the ZIP File To display a more detailed view of a ZIP file use the details value with the view option as in the following example pkzip25 view details test zip When you press ENTER information similar to the following appears PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Viewing ZIP test zip FileName FileType Mode Date and Time Compression Method Compressed Size Uncompressed Size Compression 32 bit CRC value version created by Needed to extract FileName FileType Mode Date and Time Compression Method Mar 11 1997 Deflatn 1425 3746 62 0 3 043 bits byte e4da66f6 PKZIP 2 5 PKZIP 2 0 or later 4 16 28p Mar_11 1997 8 51 54a Deflatn Compressed Size 812 Uncompressed Size Compression 32 bit CRC value Version created by Needed to extract Total Files Compressed Size Uncompressed Size Compression 1986 59 2 3 270 bits byte 7bcc0521 PKZIP 2 5 PKZIP 2 0 or later 2 2237 5732 61 0 3 122 bits byte Note The above view list was generated from a UNIX command line In a DOS view listing the Mode column would be replaced by an attributes
49. 9 for more information PKZIP creates a temporary file for the file s being compressed when updating a ZIP file PKZIP is unable to create the temporary ZIP file in the specified location The file is placed into the current directory 150 Appendix B Error and Warning Messages PKZIP Warning W22 Authenticity Verification Failed W23 Authenticity Verification Failed W24 file XXXX short name already exists Increment lt Y gt es lt N gt 0 lt A gt ll ne lt V gt er lt Esc gt Potential Cause s The Authenticity Verification AV information contained in the ZIP file is corrupt Failure of AV indicates a file that has been tampered with or damaged If the file has failed the AV check the contents are suspect The stored Authenticity Verification AV checksum value did not match the calculated checksum value The ZIP file has been tampered with or is perhaps corrupt Before proceeding with file compression and ZIP archive creation in an add operation PKZIP creates a listing of all of the files to be added to the archive This file list is created in the background and is not apparent to the user PKZIP eventually uses this file list to create the ZIP archive When the shortname option is used on the command line PKZIP attempts to shorten any long file names to the 8 3 format before adding it to this file list The criteria PKZIP uses to shorten the file name is dependent on the specified operat
50. Attr column 100 Performing Miscellaneous Tasks on ZIP Files Printing the Contents of a ZIP File DOS OS 2 print PKZIP gives you the option of printing files contained in a ZIP file toa selected printer For example if you wish to print all of the txt files contained in a ZIP file type the following pkzip25 print Ipt1 test zip txt When you press ENTER information similar to the following will appear PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm off Patent No 5 745 Extracting files from ZIP test zip Inflating readme txt lt to LPT1 gt Inflating whatsnew txt lt to LPT1 gt In this example all files with a txt extension that exist in the test zip are printed to the LPT1 printer If you do not specify a print device the default printer is used Since many ZIP files contain an information document e g readme txt the print option is a good way to determine the contents of a ZIP file without requiring you to extract a file or file s to your hard drive Testing the Integrity of a ZIP File test PKZIP allows you to test ZIP files to verify that they are not damaged Before storing an important ZIP file or sending it to another person it is a good idea to test it first For example if you wish to test the contents of test zip type the following pkzip25 test test zip Performi
51. Basics A file listing similar to the following will appear lt DIR gt 06 30 97 12 00a as lt DIR gt 06 30 97 12 00a ORANGE FIL 591 06 30 97 2 50a orange fil YELLOW DOC 5 920 06 30 97 2 50a yellow doc RED TXT 4 185 06 30 97 2 50a red txt GREEN DOC 591 06 30 97 2 50a green doc PURPLE TXT 591 06 30 97 2 50a purple txt WHITE DOC 5 920 06 30 97 2 50a white doc BROWN DOC 5 920 06 30 97 2 50a brown doc PINK TUT 1 030 06 30 97 2 50a pink tut TEST ZIP 1 702 06 30 97 2 59a test zip TAN TXT 4 185 06 30 97 2 50a tan txt BLACK TUT 1 030 06 30 97 2 50a black tut BLUE FIL 4 185 06 30 97 2 50a blue fil GOLD TUT 1 030 06 30 97 2 50a gold tut 13 file s 36 880 bytes 2 dir s 87 945 216 bytes free Note the test zip file you have created The file you compressed into the ZIP file still appears in the current directory That s because when you compress files they remain in their original location as well as inside the ZIP file compressed You can choose to remove or move the files into the ZIP file so that they exist only in the ZIP file after compression The Moving Files Into Your ZIP File section on page 23 shows you how to do this Compressing Selected Files in the Current Directory With PKZIP you can compress specific selected files into your ZIP file To do this you simply type the files in your command including a space between each one Tutorial B Compress the following files into the test zip file e green doc
52. Deflating 26 8 done Compressing Files 63 Note The noextended option does not effect the storage of the offline temporary and system attributes on DOS systems Similarly the noextended option does not effect the storage of filetype attributes on UNIX systems Extended Attributes and the OS Extended attributes are automatically added to ZIP archives when they are created PKZIP does not display a message indicating that it is saving extended attributes However be aware that PKZIP running on a UNIX system stores different extended attributes than PKZIP running on a Win32 system The following table lists the extended attributes that PKZIP stores relative to the UNIX and Win32 operating systems BUNIX Winey group ID last modification time last modification time last access time last access time se link information O Note Typically PKZIP will automatically extract extended attributes with archived files and or directories Consequently PKZIP will overwrite existing files directories and extended attributes EAs with those files directories and extended attributes EAs stored in the ZIP file It should be noted however that extended attribute preservation is dependent on such things as the user s file system privileges as well as the option suboption e g id permission times specified on the command line or in the configuration file 64 Compressing Files Extended Attributes and 204g Compatibility 20
53. IP Work We can replace each of these patterns with a single character se sh Ils Note that the first replacement string includes a space at the beginning If we reproduce the sentence with these symbols it now looks like e a e by the a ore The new representation is 24 characters long this is a saving of 13 characters or 36 Binary Data Representation All information used stored and processed by computers is represented by two values zero and one Everything that you see on your screen everything stored on disk is represented by combinations of zero and one You can think of it as a sort of Morse Code In Morse Code there are also only two values dot and dash When a computer stores a character it uses a combination of eight zeros and ones Having eight positions in which to store a zero or one gives the computer 256 different possible combinations You arrive at this number of combinations in this way If you have one coin it can be in either of two positions Heads 0 or Tails 1 Oor1 If you have two coins there are four possible combinations 00 11 10 01 If you have three coins there are eight possible combinations 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Appendix D How Does PKZIP Work 163 As you can see each time you add another coin binary digit the number of possible combinations doubles 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 The computer uses eight binary digits to get 256
54. IP file other than the creation date Refer to the sections that follow for more information Including a Text Comment comment With PKZIP you can include a comment for the individual files within a ZIP file There are several options for adding comments to your ZIP files To include a comment use the comment option alone or with the add command When you type the command PKZIP prompts you to enter the comment Compressing Files 67 The table below lists the available sub options for adding comments to your Z IP archives Sub Option Comment all of the files and any new files added unchanged Comment only files existing in the ZIP file that are not either updated or being added Comment only the new files added Disable the comment option freshen Comment all of the files updated in the ZIP file update Comment all files added and updated in the zip file Note Comment length is limited to 59 characters For example pkzip25 add comment all test zip pkzip25 add comment unchanged test zip pkzip25 add comment add test zip pkzip25 add comment none test zip pkzip25 add comment freshen test zip pkzip25 add comment update test zip 68 Compressing Files Including a Password password With PKZIP you can include a password with your ZIP file to restrict access to that file To include a password use the password option with the add command and do one of the f
55. Into Your ZIP File 23 Moving Files to a ZIP File 77 Index O Overwriting Files 91 Overwriting Files That Already Exist in Your Directory 34 p password 155 Passwords 69 Performing Miscellaneous Tasks on ZIP Files Chapter 97 PKWARE BBS 7 PKWARE Technical Support 8 PKZIP Options Reference 119 PKZIP How Does It Work 159 Preparing Your Workspace 13 Previewing Command and Option Operations 102 Printing the Contents of a ZIP File 101 R Removing File Attributes When Compressing 65 S Self Extracting File Creating 78 Self Extractor Options 81 Self Extractors Creating a Native Self Extractor 79 Creating DOS Junior 80 Creating Regular DOS 79 Creating Windows 16 Bit 80 Differences Between Regular and DOS Junior 81 Sorting Files Within a ZIP File 75 Spanning 82 Storing File Attribute Information 59 subdirectories 153 154 167 Suppressing Screen Output 105 T Testing the Integrity of a ZIP File 101 175 U Viewing the Configuration File 108 Viewing the Contents of a ZIP File 98 UNIX Command Line 3 Volume Label 71 Using Help 3 Using PKWARE Technical Support 6 w Using the Customer Support Form 8 Using the Tutorials 12 Warning Messages 146 World Wide Web PKWARE 6 A Viewing Files Within a ZIP File 24 176 Index
56. KWARE s CompuServe ID is 75300 730 Using the PKWARE BBS PKWARE maintains its own BBS It is normally available 24 hours a day and supports baud rates from 1200 bps to 33 6 kbps To use this BBS set your communications software to the following 8 bits 1 stop bit No parity For your convenience the PKWARE BBS has multiple telephone lines offers the latest in PKWARE shareware and gives you the ability to download many other files You can reach the PKWARE BBS at the following number e 414 354 8670 Before You Call The more information you provide the easier it will be for PKWARE Technical Support Representatives to help you Before you use one of the technical support services please have the following information handy e The version number of PKZIP refer to Getting Version Information e The exact commands you typed into your computer prior to notic ing the problem and any error messages that appear Welcome to PKZIP 7 Calling a PKWARE Technical Support Representative The most direct way to receive assistance about PKZIP is to call a PKWARE Technical Support Representative on the telephone The PKWARE Technical Support Department is available Monday through Friday from 9 00a m to 5 00p m Central Standard Time Before you call we recommend that you FAX the necessary configuration information to PKWARE To help you organize this information use the Customer Support Form that follows This gives the technic
57. Options A Quick Reference Used with stand alone stand alone add extract add extract test view Name Description WEI Example usage Used with i newest set to the date pkzip25 add update zi pdate of the newest file within zipdate retain save zip txt the ZIP file set the file modification date of the ZIP file oldest set to the date of the oldest file within the ZIP file configurable retain retain the original date of the ZIP file the date on which the ZIP file was created none disable the ZIP file date in the configuration file and set the ZIP date as the last modification date default the current date default if used on command line without a sub option retain Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference 141 Appendix B Error and Warning Messages This appendix contains reference information on all error and warning messages that can occur in PKZIP An error usually causes the canceling of the task you are performing for example compressing a file A warning usually indicates that something is wrong but it is not severe enough to cancel an entire task It might also be a reminder or query prompt Error Messages When an error occurs PKZIP displays an error message The following is a description of each error message Potential Cause s E2 Ambiguous option or command specified If you abbreviate an option on your command XXXX line make su
58. P file allows the person who is going to extract the file s to simply type the name of the file at the command prompt without using the extract command An external program such as PKZIP is not necessary to extract files from self extracting files For example if the name of the self extractor is doc exe you could simply type doc exe at the command prompt and press ENTER to extract the files archived in that file Depending on whether you are using the Shareware Registered or Distribution Licensed version of PKZIP you can create the following types of self extractors e A native self extractor that works with the Operating System on which PKZIP is running Included in the Registered Distribution Licensed and Shareware versions of PKZIP e Regular DOS a DOS self extractor Included in the Registered and Distribution Licensed versions of PKZIP e DOS Junior a smaller more compact version of the regular DOS self extractor This file contains less extraction options than the regular DOS self extractor and requires less memory to run Included in the Registered and Distribution Licensed versions of PKZIP e Windows 16 bit a 16 bit Windows self extractor that works with versions of Windows starting with 3 1 and later This includes long file name support under Windows95 Included in the Registered and Distribution Licensed versions of PKZIP Compressing Files e Windows 32 Bit a 32 bit Windows self extractor that works w
59. PKZIP 2 50 Command Line User s Manual Copyright 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced transmitted transcribed stored in a retrieval system or translated into any other language in whole or in part in any form or by any means whether it be electronic mechanical magnetic optical manual or otherwise without prior written consent of PKWARE Inc PKWARE INC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES AS TO THIS SOFTWARE WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FORA PARTICULAR PURPOSE FUNCTIONALITY DATA INTEGRITY OR PROTECTION PKWARE the PKWARE logo and PKZIP are registered trademarks of PKWARE Inc Trademarks of other companies mentioned in this documentation appear for identification purposes only and are the property of their respective companies Table of Contents Chapter 1 Welcome to PKZIP 1 Introduction 2 About This Manual 2 Your Work Environment The Command Line 3 Using Help 3 Getting License Information 4 Getting Version Information 5 Using PKWARE Technical Support 6 Using Internet Usenet 6 Using CompuServe 7 Using the PKWARE BBS 7 Before You Call 7 Calling a PKWARE Technical Support Representative 8 Using the PKWARE Customer Support Form 8 Chapter 2 The Basics 11 Introduction 12 Using the Tutorials 12 Conventions Used in the Tutorials 13 Using Sample Files and Directories 13 Preparing Your Workspace
60. R gt From a UNIX based command prompt type Is l A listing similar to the following appears rw rw rw user pkware 10900 June 30 rw rw rw user pkware 1311 June 30 rw rw rw user pkware 1588 June 30 rw rw rw user pkware 619 June 30 rw rw rw user pkware 131 June 30 rw rw rw user pkware 337 June 30 rw rw rw user pkware 10900 June 30 rw rw rw user pkware 1998 June 30 rw rw rw user pkware 315 June 30 rw rw rw user pkware 3075 June 30 rw r r user pkware 24360 June 30 rw rw rw user pkware 17404 June 30 rw rw rw user pkware 1637 June 30 gt From a DOS based command prompt type dir A listing similar to the following appears NNWNNNNNNNNNN 750 750 750 750 750 50 50 750 750 50 730 750 750 black tut blue fil brown doc gold tut green doc orange fil pink tut purple txt red txt tan txt test zip white doc yellow doc lt DIR gt 06 30 97 4 30a at lt DIR gt 06 30 97 4 30a TEST ZIP 15 422 06 30 97 3 30a test zip GREEN DOC 591 06 30 97 2 50a green doc BLUE FIL 4 185 06 30 97 2 50a blue fil ORANGE FIL 591 06 30 97 2 50a orange fil YELLOW DOC 5 920 06 30 97 2 50a yellow doc RED TXT 4 185 06 30 97 2 50a red txt PURPLE TXT 591 06 30 97 2 50a purple txt WHITE DOC 5 920 06 30 97 2 50a white doc BROWN DOC 5 920 06 30 97 2 50a brown doc PINK TUT 1 030 06 30 97 2 50a pink tut TAN TXT 4 185 06 30 97 2 50a tan txt BLACK TUT 1 030 06 30 97 2 50a black tut GOLD TUT 1 030 0
61. Value Changing a default value is similar to typing any other command using PKZIP The only difference is that you are not compressing or extracting you are setting a default for example automatically compress only files that end in doc Some of these options are configurable for both compression and extraction For example you can specify a default value for both compress and extract operations in such options as exclude and include 110 Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File To change a default value for a command option 1 Type pkzip25 config and the command option followed by an equal sign and finally the sub option value you want to set as the default For example to change the default for the add command to update instead of the original default all you would type the following pkzip25 config add update When you change a default value the updated Configuration file is displayed Note You will find a listing of configurable values for PKZIP s commands and options in Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference on page 119 Refer to the Name Description column to determine which values are configurable Refer to the Value s column for a listing of the specific values Resetting Original Defaults For some commands and options you might want to change defaults for a few instances but eventually switch back to all of the original defaults PKZIP allows you to do this using the default optio
62. ZIP builds a ZIP File When you specify a PKZIP command line PKZIP goes through several steps 1 Parsing the command line 2 Reserves the memory it will need to perform the compression archiving and buffering 3 Next PKZIP looks for a ZIP file with the same name as the one you specified on the command line If it finds one PKZIP reads the information on the files that it contains 4 PKZIP then performs the requested action it builds a new ZIP file if none was found 5 PKZIP reads the information from the command line specifying what files it is supposed to take what files it shouldn t take and if there is an exclude command Appendix D How Does PKZIP Work 167 168 Old Files Are Compared Against New Ones To Determine Which Get Replaced Read In Existing How PKZIP Builds A ZIP File Check For Existing ZIP File ZIP File Freshen or Update ZIP New ZIP File Created File y Unchanged Files Are Copied From OLD ZIP File To New ZIP File y Local Header Written To ZIP File y New File Is Compressed And Written Directly To ZIP File Y If A Password Is Specified Compressed Data Is Encrypted Y Local Header Updated In ZIP File o gt New ZIP File Is Created In Same Directory As Old ZIP File Central End Directory Appended To ZIP File Y ZIP File Is Done Yy Any Pre Existing ZIP File Is D
63. add maximum test zip white doc PKZIP begins to compress the file using the maximum or level 9 compression Your screen will look similar to the following PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Using compression level 9 Maximum comp Updating ZIP test zip Updating File white doc Deflating 59 6 done Abbreviating Commands and Options When you include an option in your PKZIP command you can abbreviate that option as long as it remains unique In the preceding example you could have typed max instead of maximum as it is the only option that begins with the letters max The same example would look like the following pkzip25 add max test zip white doc Combining Options With PKZIP you can combine options in the same command For example lets say you want to compress files at the maximum level of compression in addition to adding a comment to the header area of the ZIP file To accomplish this you would use the header and maximum options in your command as in the following example pkzip25 add header max test zip brown doc The order in which you type the options is not important You could have typed pkzip25 add max header test zip brown doc The Basics 37 38 Not all options can be combined with others For example in the previous example you wouldn
64. ain a date newer or equal to June 24 1995 will be compressed With PKZIP you can enter dates in the following formats e mmddyy e mmddyyyy Compressing Files 55 The order in which you enter the month date and year depends on your locale setting For more information on the locale setting see Chapter 7 Command Characteristics on page 114 Compressing Files Older Than a Specified Date before With PKZIP you can choose to compress only files that are older than a specified date To do this use the before option followed by an equal sign and the date as shown below pkzip25 add before 062495 test zip In this example only files that contain a date older than June 24 1995 will be compressed With PKZIP you can enter dates in the following formats e mmddyy e mmddyyyy The order in which you enter the month date and year depends on your locale setting For more information on the locale setting see Chapter 7 Command Characteristics on page 114 Including Files That Match a Pattern 56 include PKZIP allows you to compress files that match a specific pattern for example all files that end in the doc extension To compress files that match a pattern simply include the pattern after the add command as in the following example pkzip25 add test zip doc Compressing Files You have the option of specifying a default file pattern setting in your PKZIP Configuration Settings file If for example
65. ained in the ZIP file into the current directory To extract only specific files from the ZIP file you would include the following e The name of the file s you want to extract or a file pattern 26 The Basics For example to extract a file called cover txt from a compressed file called temp zip into the current directory you would type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 extract temp zip cover txt The tutorials that follow cover several extraction scenarios For complete information on extracting files refer to Chapter 4 Extracting Files on page 83 Extracting a Single File From a ZIP File The simplest task for extracting files is to extract a single file into the current directory To make it easy we are going to create an extract directory under your tut directory We ll call this directory ext You will also copy the test zip file into this directory Before you extract files create a directory called ext and copy the test zip file into that directory Follow these steps 1 Verify that you are in the PKZIP Tutorial directory 2 To create the ext directory type the following and press ENTER mkdir ext 3 To copy the test zip file into the ext directory type the following and press ENTER gt From a UNIX based command prompt type cp test zip ext gt From a DOS based command prompt type copy test zip ext The Basics 27 4 Nowchange to the ext directory To do so type the following and
66. al support representative some time to review your problem and offer a solution Please indicate on the FAX that you will be calling The PKWARE FAX number is e 414 354 8559 If you have determined that your problem is serious and needs immediate attention call the PKWARE Technical Support Department at the following number e 414 354 8699 Using the PKWARE Customer Support Form For your convenience a Customer Support Form has been provided to help you record the information you need to accurately report the problem you are experiencing We recommend that you make several copies of this form REMEMBER Include as much information on this form as possible 8 Welcome to PKZIP Customer Support Form Customer Information Your Name Company Name Voice Phone Number Address City and State ZIP code and Country Email Address System Configuration Information Software Version Operating System Version Drive Model Vendor Information Description Use Next Page Welcome to PKZIP 9 Notes 10 Welcome to PKZIP The Basics Overview This chapter contains information to get you started with PKZIP including quick easy to follow instructions on performing basic compression PKZIP and extraction PKUNZIP tasks Tutorials help you practice by systematically guiding you through each task Sections in This Chapter e Introduction e Using the Tutorials e Compressing Files Learning t
67. ame when adding files to a ZIP archive PKZIP couldn t create a ZIP file when fixing PKZIP couldn t create a volume label on a spanned archive PKZIP couldn t create a temporary file for a spanned archive Verify that you have write access to the drive or diskette on which you are creating these files You didn t do something that is required for a particular task For example PKZIP couldn t find the file you are trying to open or access you might have specified to update a pattern such as txt and PKZIP didn t find any files that matched or that needed updating 144 Appendix B Error and Warning Messages E9 No file s found E10 No files specified for deletion E11 Disk full file XXXX E12 Can t find ZIP file XXXX E13 Can t open ZIP file XXXX Potential Cause s PKZIP can t find the file you are trying to access For example you might be trying to extract files from a ZIP archive that don t exist in that archive Verify that the file s you specify on the command line exactly match the file s in the ZIP file If for example the file in the ZIP archive is stored with path information and you attempt to extract it but specify the file name only you will get the E9 error There are no files or file patterns specified for deletion on the command line In lieu of a specified file or file pattern PKZIP will not assume that the user wishes to specify all files The hard disk or flo
68. and press ENTER pkzip25 add move test zip pink tut The Basics 23 Your file starts to compress and your screen looks similar to the following PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Updating ZIP test zip Updating File pink tut Deflating 61 0 done Moving 1 files Moved File pink tut done Note that PKZIP performed two tasks Updating and Moving After compressing the file PKZIP removed it from the tut directory 3 To verify that the file you compressed was removed from your directory type one of the following commands and press ENTER gt From a UNIX based command prompt type Is l gt From a DOS based command prompt type dir Verify from the listing that the pink tut file no longer exists as an individual file in the PKZIP Tutorial directory The pink tut file does however exist compressed in the test zip file Viewing Files Within a ZIP File In the previous section you learned how to move a file from the hard drive into a ZIP archive The file you moved still exists in your test zip file You can use the view command to verify that this file was indeed archived in the ZIP file The view command allows you to list the files that exist within a ZIP file Because you are not compressing files only viewing them you do not have to include the add command
69. any test zip doc Command Characteristics PKZIP can also be instructed to check for and use the environment variable defined by the operating system Specify the environment sub option on your command line to use the defined environment variable For example pkzip25 add locale environment test zip doc Not specifying a sub option with the locale option is the same as specifying the environment sub option locale UNIX DOS By default PKZIP uses the 12 hour time format and MMDDYY date format when archiving files The locale option allows you to use the system defined time and date format settings To set the default PKZIP time and date settings in the Configuration file to match your system time and date settings type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 config locale You may also use the locale option while creating or updating a ZIP file The following is an example of such a command pkzip25 add locale test zip doc In this example PKZIP will use the system defined settings regardless of the time and date settings defined in the Configuration file Command Characteristics 115 Changing the LIST Character for LIST Files listchar PKZIP allows you to specify an ASCII file as a source list of the files to be archived By default you specify this ASCII file by pointing to it with the character in your command line However if you have files that begin with an you may experience problems when t
70. as in one of the following examples gt UNIX based command line pkzip25 add temp usr tmp test zip readme doc gt DOS based command line pkzip25 add temp z public test zip readme doc Note It is necessary to specify a path in addition to the drive letter only if you are in a situation where disk space or access is being limited by subdirectory such as on a local area network 104 Performing Miscellaneous Tasks on ZIP Files Suppressing Screen Output silent The silent option suppresses screen output when compressing or extracting This option can be used to compress and extract files as part of BAT CMD or shell script files for background processing Messages that normally appear when compressing or extracting will not be displayed Keep in mind that errors and warnings are displayed whether the silent option is specified or not however prompts for other PKZIP operations are not displayed e g Password Overwrite Insert Disk You may wish to use the silent option with the nofix option which suppresses the attempt to fix prompt if PKZIP encounters errors in a ZIP file An example command line using these options follows pkzip25 add silent nofix test zip doc In this example PKZIP would add all files in the current directory with a doc extension to a ZIP archive called test zip All screen output would be suppressed The attempt to fix prompt would be suppressed as well if PKZIP encounters any error
71. ation The sections that follow cover a wide range of compression and extraction possibilities in addition to tutorials to guide you Note Many of the following tutorials instruct you to change from one directory to another This operation is carried out with the help of the cd command The cd command changes the current directory to a directory that you specify on the command line Consult your operating system documentation for more information on the cd command Compressing a Single File in the Current Directory The simplest PKZIP task is compressing a single file from the current working directory and storing the resulting ZIP file in that same directory In this scenario you are not retrieving files to compress from other directories nor are you placing the ZIP file in a different directory Tutorial A Compress a single file red txt into a ZIP file in your current working directory Follow these steps 1 From the command prompt change to the PKZIP Tutorial tut directory that you have created For information on creating the PKZIP Tutorial directory refer to the Getting Started Manual The Basics 15 2 To compress the file red txt into the ZIP file called test zip type the following command and press ENTER pkzip25 add test zip red txt Your file starts to compress and your screen looks like the following PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved
72. ative Self Extractor 81 Differences between a Regular DOS and DOS Junior Self Extractor 81 Converting a ZIP file to a Self Extracting file 81 Compressing Files to Diskette DOS 82 Chapter 4 Extracting Files 83 Introduction 84 Conventions in This Chapter 84 Default Values for Commands and Options 84 Extracting New and Existing Files 85 Extracting All Files From a ZIP File 85 Overriding Default Files to Extract 86 Extracting Newer Versions of Existing Files and New Files 86 Extracting Only Newer Versions of Files 87 Extracting Files Based on Some Criteria 87 Extracting Files Newer Than a Specified Date 88 Extracting Files Older Than a Specified Date 88 Including Files That Match a Pattern 89 Excluding Files from Being Extracted 90 Extracting Files in a Specific Format OS 2 90 Determining How to Handle Overwriting Files 91 Retaining Directory Structure while Extracting 92 Sorting Files in the Extract Directory 93 Extracting Files Only for Display 93 Extracting Files with a LIST File 94 Authenticity Verification 95 Table of Contents III Chapter 5 Performing Miscellaneous Tasks on ZIP Files 97 Introduction 98 Viewing the Contents of a ZIP File 98 Displaying a Brief View of a ZIP File 99 Displaying a Detailed View of the ZIP File 100 Printing the Contents of a ZIP File DOS OS 2 101 Testing the Integrity of a ZIP File 101 Previewing Command and Option Operations 102 Fixing a Corrupt ZIP File 103 Create a Temporary ZIP File
73. bytes free Note that red txt has been extracted into the ext directory Extracting Multiple Files From a ZIP File PKZIP allows you to extract multiple files from a ZIP file at one time This section shows you how to extract e Selected individual files e Files that match a specific file pattern For example files ending with a txt extension e All files in the directory To prepare your ext directory to extract multiple files first remove the red txt file that you extracted in the previous tutorial The Basics 29 Follow these steps 1 Verify that you are in the ext directory 2 Type one of the following commands and press ENTER gt From a UNIX based command prompt type rm red txt gt From a DOS based command prompt type del red txt The red txt file is deleted The only file that should be in the ext directory is test zip Extracting Selected Files With PKZIP you can extract specific selected files from your ZIP file To do this you simply type the files in your command including a space between each one Tutorial J Extract the following files from the test zip file e green doc e blue fil Follow these steps 1 Verify that you are in the ext directory 2 Type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 extract test zip green doc blue fil 30 The Basics A screen similar to the following appears PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Righ
74. cimal number representing the value of the file If even a single bit of a file is altered and the CRC is performed again the resulting CRC value will be different By using a CRC value it can be determined that there is an exact match for a particular file PKZIP calculates a CRC value for the original file before it is compressed This value is then stored with a file in the ZIP file When a file is extracted it calculates a CRC value for the extracted data and compares it against the original CRC value If the data has been damaged or altered PKZIP can recognize and report this Appendix D How Does PKZIP Work 169 7 When PKZIP adds the compressed file to the ZIP file it first writes out a Local Header about the file This Header contains useful information about the file including e The minimum version of PKZIP needed to extract this file e The compression method used on this file e File time e File date e The CRC value e The size of the compressed data e The uncompressed size of the file e The file name 8 After PKZIP has written all of the files to disk it appends the Central Directory to the end of the ZIP file This Directory contains the same information as the Local Header for every file as well as additional information Some of this additional information includes e The version of PKZIP that created the file e Acomment about each file if any e File attributes Hidden Read Only System e Ext
75. compression tasks Before you create a ZIP file consider the following e Do you prefer speed or compression e Do you want directory path information stored in your ZIP file e Will you send ZIP files to others If so would a self extracting ZIP benefit them e Do you want to protect your ZIP file with a password With PKZIP you can create two types of ZIP files regular and self extracting A regular ZIP file contains only the compressed files i e you need PKZIP installed on your system to extract the files A self extracting ZIP file contains the compressed files and built in instructions that allow you to extract files without using PKZIP it also contains a different extension exe This is helpful when you send ZIP files to those who don t have access to PKZIP or other ZIP compatible programs About This Manual This manual is organized for the novice and expert user alike If you are a new PKZIP user you will find the tutorials in this manual Chapter 2 helpful If you have previously used other versions of PKZIP e g PKZIP for DOS 2 04 you may find that although the base functionality has been preserved the command line implementation is different with new commands and options If you are an advanced user Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference on page 119 might be all the reference material you need 2 Welcome to PKZIP Your Work Environment The Command Line PKZIP is a command line base
76. d Since we modified the test txt file in Step 4 it will be updated in the test zip archive In addition our command line tells PKZIP to compress the files using minimal compression while emphasizing maximum compression speed The Basics The screen output will look similar to the following PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Using compression level 1 Maximum speed Freshening ZIP test zi Updating File test txt Storing C 0 0 done Commands and Options Compression or Extraction Some command and options in PKZIP apply only to compressing while others apply only to extracting Some of these commands and options apply to both Refer to the next two chapters Compressing Files and Extracting Files for information on which options you can use with which tasks Setting Defaults With PKZIP you can set up and change default values for many of the commands and options Chapter 6 Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File on page 107 shows you how to set view and edit PKZIP s default settings What s Next Congratulations You have learned enough information to use the basic features of PKZIP Nevertheless this chapter is only the beginning To learn more features please refer to the remaining chapters in this manual The Basics 41 l 3 Compressing Files Ove
77. d and the archive attribute will be set to OFF when the ZIP operation is complete for these files In the following command line example PKZIP will add only those files to test zip with the archive attribute set Additionally PKZIP will clear the archive attribute on any of the source files that have been added to test zip pkzip25 add incremental test zip The next time you run this command only those files that have the archive attribute set new or updated files will be added to the test zip file Archive Attribute Explained Any given file may have several properties associated with it One such property or attribute is called the Archive Attribute When a file is created this attribute is set to be ON In addition if a file is altered the attribute is set After a file has been backed up by a program which uses this attribute the attribute is switched off By making use of the archive attribute you can make certain that you get all files that are new or changed You save time by not backing up files you have previously archived This process is called an Incremental Backup Compressing Files in Subdirectories recurse PKZIP does not automatically compress files that appear in subdirectories unless you specify those directories or use the recurse option with the add command With the recurse option all specified files in a directory structure including files located in subdirectories will be compressed 48 Compressin
78. d command only works on new ZIP files It does not work with a ZIP file being updated 76 Compressing Files Moving Files to a ZIP File move Normally when you compress files you end up with two copies of each file the original file and the compressed file With PKZIP you can choose to remove the original file after you compress it into the ZIP file If you want to move only specific files you must compress them separately since you can only move all or none of the files that you are compressing To move files use the move option with the add command as shown below pkzip25 add move test zip doc In this example PKZIP will compress all files that end in doc and will remove them from their original location after compression CAUTION Be careful when moving files fro n your hard drive to a ZIP archive If the ZIP archive s subsequently damaged lost or deleted any fil s contained therein will be damaged lost or dele ted with it Regularly back up your ZIP archives to avoid uch problems Compressing Files 77 Creating Self Extracting ZIP Files 78 sfx PKZIP allows you to create self extracting files In addition you can convert existing standard ZIP files into self extracting files A self extractor is a type of ZIP file that contains extraction code within the file itself A self extracting ZIP file is an executable file with a exe file extension instead of ZIP This type of ZI
79. d product which means your work area is a character based command line Using PKZIP consists primarily of typing a command and pressing ENTER Command prompt conventions allow you to extensively customize your compression and extraction tasks Note Although this manual isn t an operating system manual it does contain general reminders on conventions as they relate to a task or tutorial Using Help In addition to the information provided in this manual PKZIP also contains on line help for your convenience The on line help contains information on every PKZIP command option and sub option To access on line help 1 Atthe command prompt type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 help A screen with PKZIP version and usage information will appear as well as the following prompt Press any key to continue or lt Esc gt to exit Press any key A screen with all available PKZIP commands and options will appear as well as the following prompt Enter the command or option for additional help lt Esc gt to exit Command option Enter a command or option at the prompt and press ENTER The help information for that particular command or option will appear Welcome to PKZIP 3 2 To bypass the command option menu and go directly to a help file for a particular command or option type the help command followed by an equal sign and the command or option for which you need on line assistance For example to access on line
80. dd mask system test zip from files readonly Remove the read only file pkzip25 add mask readonly test zip attribute from files none Turn off file masking pkzip25 add mask none test zip a Remove all attributes from files pkzip25 add mask all test zip The mask sub options can be used on your command line individually or as a comma separated list You may use a dash before a mask sub option on your command line to preserve a file attribute being added or extracted with a file regardless of the default mask configuration setting If for example the default mask configuration is set to all you could enter the following command line to preserve the hidden attribute associated with those files with the hidden attribute set being added to the test zip file pkzip25 add mask hidden test zip Note By default PKZIP will not mask any file attributes when compressing files All file attributes will be retained in the ZIP file By default PKZIP will mask all file attributes when extracting files If file attributes have been stored in a ZIP archive they will not be restored upon file extraction 66 Compressing Files Including Additional Information ina ZIP File With PKZIP you can include additional information in your ZIP file such as a comment to identify that ZIP file You can include a e Text comment e Password to protect your ZIP file e Header comment e Volume label e Date for the Z
81. e blue fil The Basics 17 Follow these steps 1 From the command prompt type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 add test zip green doc blue fil Your file starts to compress and output similar to following appears PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Updating ZIP test zi Adding File green doc Deflating 39 3 done Adding File blue fil Deflating 62 1 done This particular example added the specified files to the existing test zip file As you can see in the screen output above PKZIP reports that it is Updating ZIP test zip The ZIP archive now contains any file s we added in the previous tutorial as well as the file s we added in this tutorial Compressing Files That Match a Pattern 18 PKZIP allows you to compress only files of a specific file pattern or extension For example you might want to compress only doc files or omp files On the other hand you might want to compress all files that begin with the letter p or any other character match Using PKZIP conventions for typing file patterns commonly called wildcards follow these guidelines e For files of a specific extension type an asterisk a period and the extension For example for ASCII text files txt extension you would type txt e For files that begin with a specific character or
82. e do not compress These files are stored This occurs when a file is either already compressed or encrypted You will often find that files distributed with commercial applications are already compressed Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions 153 I zipped up a bunch of files but now I have LESS disk space When PKZIP compresses files it makes a copy of the original file The original file s still exist If you wish to recover space that was taken up by the original file s you must either delete them yourself or instruct PKZIP to delete the file s with the move option What s the difference between add freshen and add update The freshen and update sub options are very similar This may be confusing at first but the difference between them is easy to understand The freshen option tells PKZIP to archive any files which match those already in the ZIP file These files are re compressed only if they are newer than the files already in the ZIP file Each file is evaluated individually The update sub option archives all files with one distinction If the update option is not used all files specified are compressed and added to the ZIP file even if they already exist in the ZIP file By using the update sub option you instruct PKZIP to compare what is already in the ZIP file against what it was asked to compress If a file is already present in the ZIP file as well as the source directory PKZIP compresses a file only if it
83. e on a network drive confirm that you have the appropriate rights to the network file system PKZIP could not rename the temporary file to the specified ZIP file name Verify that the destination drive is not full If you are updating a non spanned ZIP file on removable media e g floppy diskette and the updated archive exceeds the size available on the removable media you will receive the E15 error You will need to recreate the archive for spanning Keep in mind that you cannot update a spanned archive If you are creating the file on a network drive confirm that you have the appropriate rights to the network file system PKZIP is unable to write to the specified file or device Verify that you have write access to the file or that your printer is configured correctly Additionally if you are using the PKSFXS DAT file verify that you have PKSFXDATA environment variable configured correctly See page 80 for more information PKZIP encountered a problem with the compressed data that it was trying to encrypt For example the disk on which the compressed data was located was bad or corrupt The named list file could not be found It does not exist was spelled incorrectly isn t located in the specified directory or can t be accessed because the user does not have the appropriate rights to the file Extraction process was terminated by the user while changing disks during a disk spanning operation Compression proce
84. ears in front of others This is because in this tutorial you compressed files that were already compressed in the previous tutorials The phrase Updating File appears with those particular files Compressing Files from a Different Location 20 When you compress files you don t have to be in the directory where those files reside You can compress them from anywhere on your computer Instead of just typing the file names you type the directory path along with the file names The Basics Tutorial E In this tutorial you will switch locations to the directory that is directly above parent to the PKZIP 2 5 Command Line install directory and compress files that appear in the PKZIP tutorial directory Follow these steps 1 Go to the directory that is directly above the PKZIP install directory e g c pkware or usr local bin pkware 2 To compress the file called purple txt from the PKZIP tutorial directory into a file called test123 zip file and place the test123 zip file into the current directory type one of the following command lines and press ENTER gt From a UNIX based command prompt type pkzip25 add test123 zip pkzip25 tut purple txt gt From a DOS based command prompt type pkzip25 add test123 zip pkzip25 tut purple txt Your files start to compress and the following appears PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U
85. ecause PKZIP automatically detects removable media and therefore handles spanning automatically it is not necessary to use an option with the add command However if PKZIP is unable to detect the fact that you are placing your ZIP file on removable media you can force spanning with the span option There is a complete description of the span option on page 138 Compressing Files g Extracting Files Overview This chapter contains information on extracting files including all the commands and options that make data extraction more flexible Sections in This Chapter e Introduction e Extracting New and Existing Files e Extracting Files Based on Some Criteria e Extracting Files in a Specific Format e Determining How to Handle Overwriting Files e Retaining Directory Structure While Extracting e Sorting Files in the Extract Directory e Extracting Files Only for Display e Extracting Files With a LIST File e Authenticity Verification Extracting Files 83 Introduction PKZIP offers several options for extracting files from ZIP archives giving the user full control over the files stored in a PKZIP archive This chapter contains all the information you need to use PKZIP s comprehensive extraction features Conventions in This Chapter In some of the headings in this chapter a word appears immediately below the heading That word represents the actual command or option you would type in your PKZIP command and in man
86. ed Attributes and 204g Compatibility 65 Extracting All Files From a ZIP File 31 85 Excluding Files From Being 90 Files Based on Some Criteria 87 Files in a Specific Format 59 90 Files Newer Than a Specified Date 88 Files Older Than a Specified Date 88 Files Only for Display 93 Files With a LIST File 94 Including Files That Match a Pattern 89 Multiple Files From a ZIP File 29 New and Existing Files 85 Newer Versions of Existing Files and New Files 86 Only Newer Versions of Files 87 Overriding Default Files 86 Retaining Directory Structure 92 Selected Files 30 Single File From a ZIP File 27 Sorting 93 Index Extracting Files Further Information 35 Extracting Files Chapter 83 Extracting Files To a Specified Directory 34 Extracting Files Learning the Basics 26 F Field Of Information Theory 160 File Naming Conventions 14 Fixing a Corrupt ZIP File 103 Frequently Asked Questions 151 cG Getting License Information 4 Getting Started Chapter 11 Getting Version Information 5 H Header Comment 71 How Does PKZIP Work 159 How PKZIP Builds a ZIP File 165 Including a Header Comment 71 Including a Password 69 Including a Text Comment 67 Including a Volume Label 71 Including Additional Information in a ZIP File 67 Including Files That Match a Pattern 56 L LIST Files 54 94 Changing the LIST Character 116 M Moving Files
87. eed configurable WEI hidden hidden attributes system system attributes readonly read only attributes none no attributes turns off attribute mask in the PKZIP Configurations Settings file for this instance only all all attributes default compress none default extract all default if used on command line without a sub option compress and extract all no suboptions no default value Example usage Used with pkzip25 add attr all mask hidden save zip add extract pkzip25 extract mask none save zip pkzip25 config mask hidden note when you use the mask option with the configuration command PKZIP prompts you to configure the mask default for add and or extract operations pkzip25 add max save zip doc pkzip25 config max Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference 131 Name Description more pause after one screen of output and prompt to continue configurable move remove the files from the source drive after compression files will reside only in ZIP file configurable namesfx specify a file name when converting to a self extracting file nametype specify the format in which you wish to extract file s configurable 0s 2 noextended suppress the storage or extraction of extended attribute information within the ZIP file configurable 132 WELT the number of rows of information you want to consis
88. eleted y Files Being Moved Are Deleted Appendix D How Does PKZIP Work CRC e Ifa list file is used PKZIP reads it then checks for which files exist If a pattern is specified in the list file PKZIP generates a list of the files which match this pattern e f directory recursion has been specified with the recurse option PKZIP next looks for any subdirectories If it locates subdirectories it goes into them and looks for any files matching the files specified on the command line or in the list file If PKZIP finds subdirectories in the subdirectories it repeats the process It will continue this process until it finds no additional subdirectories Now PKZIP has a list in memory of all the files it should take The files specified for exclusion are now compared against this list and any that match are removed If after this step is complete the list in memory is empty PKZIP finishes with a message Nothing to do Now PKZIP reads in each file one at a time and compresses it When it is finished compressing a file it adds it to the ZIP file being created 6 As PKZIP reads each file it computes a CRC value for it This CRC value is stored as part of the information concerning the file This is an acronym for Cyclic Redundancy Check When a CRC is performed the data making up a file is passed through an algorithm The algorithm computes a value based upon the contents resulting in an eight digit hexade
89. ended Attributes If Specified 170 Appendix D How Does PKZIP Work Deleting Files From a ZIP File PKZIP deletes files from a ZIP file in the following manner 4 PKZIP reads in the names of all the files contained in the ZIP file PKZIP compares this list against the files you wish to delete Whatever files remain are moved into a new ZIP file The original ZIP file is superseded by a newer version of the ZIP file This means that in order to delete files from a ZIP file you must have enough disk space to hold the existing ZIP file as well as the ZIP file that holds the deleted files Adding To an Existing ZIP File Adding files to a ZIP file is the same as creating a ZIP file but with one difference Before PKZIP begins to add files it first reads in the files that were in the existing ZIP file These old files and the new files are then both written out to a new ZIP file the old files being superseded by the new ZIP files This means that there must be enough free space for the old ZIP file as well as the new ZIP file to co exist Appendix D How Does PKZIP Work LL Index A Archive Attribute 48 archiving 159 165 Archiving 159 165 ASCII 162 Attributes Storing 59 Authenticity Verification 95 AV 95 B Binary 159 Binary Data Representation 161 C Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File Chapter 107 Clearing Archive Attributes 47 Combining Option
90. equency Some well known coding schemes are Huffman and Shannon Fanno PKZIP uses Huffman encoding The scheme is too complex to document here fully however we will discuss some rudiments of encoding It is necessary for you to understand the principles described here 164 Appendix D How Does PKZIP Work A table of variable length codes for 11 symbols would look like this 1101 0100 1000 01010 1011 00000 oo10 As you can see the codes are getting longer and longer Because of this we will get the best results if we map the shortest code to the most common symbol in the message If you know Morse code or have occasion to look at it you will notice that frequent characters such as e t s and so on have shorter codes assigned to them Morse code tends to be about 25 more efficient because of this than it would have been had the codes been assigned at random A useful idea here is to allow a symbol to be not only a character but also a group of characters Using the common patterns found in the first analysis of the message we can map the following table Koena D EM ENESE Ea Bes Our new coding scheme can represent the message with only 74 bits This is a savings of 222 bits from the 296 bits used in the natural encoding This is one quarter of the original message size Appendix D How Does PKZIP Work 165 One important factor that would affect a real situation is the table we are using
91. essed ZIP file size would be 2237 bytes The information including the size of the resulting ZIP file is displayed However PKZIP has not actually modified any of your files The preview option will work with the add delete header sfx and comment commands 102 Performing Miscellaneous Tasks on ZIP Files Fixing a Corrupt ZIP File fix In the event that a ZIP file becomes damaged you may find that it is not possible to extract or perform other PKZIP operations on the contents of the file The fix option in PKZIP will attempt to repair damaged ZIP archives For example if you have determined that test zip is damaged type the following to attempt to fix it pkzip25 fix test zip When you press ENTER information similar to the following appears on your console PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm off Patent No 5 745 Enter a new ZIP file name pkfixed testl zip Running PKZipFix utility Scanning ZIP file test zip Building new directory writing new ZIP file testl zip Recovered 2 files Please note that when you enter the fix option PKZIP will prompt you to enter a new ZIP file name In the above example test1 zip was entered If you do not enter a file name the name pkfixed zip will be used PKZIP scans the original file attempts to repair the archive and saves the updated file w
92. evel and is equivalent to a corresponding number in the first method described above for example the fast option is the same as level 2 However this method contains only five levels instead of ten Refer to the sections that follow for more information Specifying a Compression Level by Number level To change the compression level you can use the evel option followed by an equal sign and a number that represents the compression level The default compression level is 5 normal which is the best balance of compression and speed If you don t change the compression level PKZIP uses this level Compressing Files 73 For example if you wish to change the compression level to 2 you could type a command line similar to the following pkzip25 add level 2 test zip doc Since level is an option it must be used in conjunction with a main command in your PKZIP command line In this example since you are compressing files it is used with the add command Remember that 0 zero specifies no compression and therefore the fastest speed while 9 specifies maximum compression but at the slowest speed The higher the number the more compression is increased at the expense of speed As you lower that number you get less compression but an increase in speed PKZIP compresses your files accordingly depending on what level you select The default compression level is specified in the PKZIP Configuration Settings screen af
93. fig store pkzip25 add temp z public test zip txt this example updates the ZIP file test zip and uses the z public directory location for the temp file pkzip25 add temp temp test zip txt this example updates the ZIP file test zip and uses the temp directory location for the temp file Used with Options A Quick Reference Name Description test test the integrity of files within a ZIP file configurable times specify whether file access creation and modification times are to be preserved DOS UNIX WEIN all all files in ZIP file will be tested freshen only those files in the ZIP file which already exist in the extract directory and that have a file modification date newer that the files already in the directory will be tested update files in the ZIP file which already exist in the target directory and that are newer than those files and files that are not in the target directory will be tested default all access restores the time of last access to file s on extraction modify restores the time of last modification to files on extraction create restores the time of creation to files on extraction DOS all all file times are restored none file times are not restored default none Example usage pkzip25 test save zip pkzip25 extract times access save zip Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference Used with s
94. g Files For example let s assume that you have a directory called tut with a nested subdirectory called test To compress all of the files in the tut directory and all files in the tut test directory you would type the following in the tut directory pkzip25 add recurse test zip All files in the tut directory as well as those files in subdirectories of the tut directory are compressed However directory path information is not stored within the ZIP file If you want to store directory information within your ZIP file in addition to compressing all the files in those directories use the path option with the recurse option or simply use the directories option Note UNIX users should utilize the include option or place quotation marks around wildcard designations to bypass automatic wildcard expansion by your shell which may restrict your pattern search See the Getting Started Manual for more information Storing Directory Path Information path Normally when PKZIP compresses files only the files are stored within the ZIP file not the paths of those files However you can instruct PKZIP to store the directory path information of a file within the ZIP file When you extract the files later you have the option of retaining the directory structure of those files If for example a file you are compressing appears in the doc temp directory you can store the file within the ZIP file as doc temp lt filename gt
95. g Files Sub Option Description For example PKZIP will attempt to Auto pkzip25 extract nametype auto test zip Detect the file system where the temp file s will be extracted File s will be extracted accordingly File s will be extracted in the pkzip25 extract nametype short test zip short or 8 3 naming temp convention File s will be extracted in the pkzip25 extract nametype long test zip same format as they were in temp when originally added to the ZIP file This includes files in the Long File Name format Keep in mind that PKZIP may not be able to extract files in the specified nametype format The extraction format is greatly dependent on such things as the originating or destination PC s file system If for example the originating PC s file system supports Long File Names but the destination PC s file system does not you may get an error or the file name may be automatically truncated regardless if you use the long sub option Note If the nametype option is not specified on the command line PKZIP will attempt to auto detect the file system by default If however you do specify the nametype option on your command line but do not specify a sub option files will be extracted with short file names Determining How to Handle Overwriting Files overwrite When you extract files from a ZIP file you might be extracting those files into a directory that already contains a copy or vers
96. he Basics e Extracting Files Learning the Basics e Understanding PKZIP Commands and Options e What s Next The Basics 11 Introduction This chapter introduces you to basic compression and extraction tasks using PKZIP This includes using command line conventions to help customize your data compression and extraction tasks For example you may specify a destination location for your ZIP file even if you are not compressing files in that particular location You may also use conventions such as to represent all files PKZIP incorporates these conventions to help make using PKZIP easy as well as flexible In addition to using conventions PKZIP contains its own set of special commands and options that even further customize compression and extraction tasks These commands and options are detailed in subsequent chapters as well as the chapter you are now reading Specifically this chapter contains tutorials that will allow you to practice with PKZIP on files that were created and copied to a special tutorial directory Refer to the Creating the Tutorial Directory and Files section in the Getting Started Manual for specific information on setting up your tutorial workspace Using the Tutorials To help you learn PKZIP this chapter contains several tutorials These tutorials progress from simple to complex features Each tutorial is preceded by a brief explanation of the topic s that the tutorial represents For each tutor
97. he extract command I zipped up some subdirectories but I can t get them to come back Did you remember to use the directories option when you originally created the ZIP file Did you use the directories option when you extracted the contents of your ZIP file To verify that there are paths in the ZIP file doa view of the file pkzip25 view test zip If you do not see paths as part of the file names within the ZIP file then paths are not stored and therefore cannot be recovered If you do see paths make sure that you are using the directories option when you extract the files For example pkzip25 extract directories test zip Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions 155 How do l unzip a single file that is in a subdirectory in the ZIP file Type pkzip25 extract with the name of the ZIP file and the name of the particular file you want With a ZIP file that contains paths the procedure is the same Let s assume you are working a file called test zip the contains the following files filel txt temp file2 txt temp tut file3 txt To extract only file3 txt from this ZIP file you must specify the complete name and path pkzip25 extract test zip temp tut file3 txt If you wanted to extract it with its subdirectory simply include the directories option on the command line How do unzip a directory without also extracting its subdirectories Using the test zip file we discussed in the previous question we co
98. hen value with the add option as shown below pkzip25 add freshen test zip You can also abbreviate the value so you could type the following instead pkzip25 add fre test zip When you use freshen with add only files that already exist in the ZIP file and that have also changed will be compressed No new files will be added to the ZIP file If you only want to re compress specific files simply include those files in your command For example if you wanted to re compress a file called resume doc you would type something like this pkzip25 add freshen test zip resume doc In the above example only resume doc will be re compressed into the test zip file This assumes that the version of resume doc being added is newer than the version of resume doc that already exists in the ZIP file Clearing Archive Attributes DOS OS 2 add incremental If you wish to add files to a ZIP file that have the archive attribute set and subsequently clear the archive attribute on those files use the add command with the incremental sub option If you wish to add files to a ZIP file that have the archive attribute set and not clear the archive attribute on those files use the add command with the incremental sub option Compressing Files 47 The incremental and incremental sub options can be very useful when backing up files If for example the incremental sub option is specified only files with the archive attribute will be compresse
99. ial you will be asked to perform a specific PKZIP task The results of what you type are reviewed every step of the way 12 The Basics Conventions Used in the Tutorials This manual was written for several operating system and platform versions of the command line implementation of PKZIP To avoid confusion we have tried to minimize references to specific operating systems or platforms There may be instances in the tutorials where it is necessary to refer to an operating system or platform convention Since PKZIP s command line interface is virtually identical between the various operating system platform versions the examples used in this manual are for the most part universal However keep in mind that what you see on your screen might differ slightly from what you see in the examples Typically in command line examples we only reference what you would actually type at the command prompt as in the following command line example pkzip25 add test zip text doc Using Sample Files and Directories The tutorials in this manual take you through compressing and extracting specific files from a specific tutorial directory Feel free to use your own files if you choose to practice on them However keep in mind that the results that are displayed are specific to the files that these tutorials use as samples Note These tutorials assume that you have installed PKZIP in the default installation directory Additionally the tut
100. ics 35 Difference between a Command and Option A commana represents the main task you are performing For example the add command represents the task of compressing files An option is a qualifier to the main task that customizes that task in some fashion For example to maximize compression use the maximum option with the add command To sort files that you are extracting use the sort option Remember in Tutorial G when you used the move option with the add command The move option acted as a qualifier to add in that in addition to compressing the files PKZIP also moved the files Including an Option in Your Command Line 36 In your PKZIP command an option usually appears immediately following the main command for example add or extract separated by a space The following is an example of using the maximum option with the add command which instructs PKZIP to compress files at the maximum level but lowest speed pkzip25 add maximum test zip white doc An option is usually preceded by a command that represents the main task you are performing Tutorial M Compress the white doc file into the test zip file using the highest level of compression the maximum option Follow these steps 1 Verify that you are in the tut directory If you are in the ext directory change to the tut directory The Basics 2 To compress files using the maximum option type the following and press ENTER pkzip25
101. ify a sub option all files including those that include hidden and system attributes are compressed into your ZIP files To specify a file attribute you must include it with the attributes option in your command line Each attribute is a value for the attributes option You can e Specify which file attributes to compress e Override values in the Configuration file e Turn off the attributes option 60 Compressing Files The table below lists all of the available sub options for storing file attribute information Sub Option hidden You may use a dash before an attributes sub option on your command line to exclude files with a specific attribute from being added regardless of the default attributes configuration setting If for example the default attributes configuration setting was set to all you could enter the following command line to exclude hidden files from being added to the test zip file Compress files including those that contain the hidden file attribute Compress files including those that contain the system file attribute Compress files including those that contain the read only file attribute Compress files including those that contain the hidden system or read only file attribute Turn off the attributes option in the Configuration file or compress files that do not have any attributes set pkzip25 add attributes hidden test zip Compressing Files For e
102. iles in Subdirectories 48 Storing Directory Path Information 49 Additional Methods for Storing Directory Path Information 50 Storing and Recreating Directory Path Information 52 Compressing Files with a LIST File 54 Compressing Files Based on Some Criteria 55 Compressing Files Newer Than a Specified Date 55 Compressing Files Older Than a Specified Date 56 Including Files That Match a Pattern 56 Excluding Files from Being Compressed 58 Compressing Files in a Specific Format 59 Storing File Information 59 Compressing Files That Contain Certain Attributes DOS OS 2 60 Compressing Files Based on File Type UNIX 62 Extended Attribute Storage 63 Extended Attributes and 204g Compatibility 65 Removing File Attributes when Compressing DOS OS 2 65 Including Additional Information in a ZIP File 67 Including a Text Comment 67 Including a Password 69 Including a Header Comment 71 II Table of Contents Including a Volume Label DOS OS 2 71 Specifying the Date of a ZIP File 72 Setting the Compression Level 73 Specifying a Compression Level by Number 73 Specifying a Compression Level by Option 74 Sorting Files Within a ZIP File 75 Moving Files to a ZIP File 77 Creating Self Extracting ZIP Files 78 Creating a Native Self Extractor 79 Creating a Regular DOS Self Extractor 79 Creating a DOS Junior Self Extractor 80 Creating a Windows 16 Bit Self Extractor 80 Creating Self Extractors with the pksfxs dat file 80 Available Options in the N
103. ing system sub option e g os2 dos There may be instances where PKZIP attempts to shorten two different long file names to the same short file name If for example a shortened file name is added to the file list as filename txt If PKZIP subsequently attempts to rename a second file to a specific short name before adding it to the file list but detects that the shortname already exists in the file list it will generate the W24 warning prompting you to increment the file name s truncated number Assuming the shortname sub option was set to os2 entering Y at the warning prompt would rename the file to something similar to the following filename txt After all of the specified files have been added to the file list PKZIP will proceed with file compression and create the ZIP archive Appendix B Error and Warning Messages 151 PKZIP Warning W25 Distribution license information was not installed W26 directory XXXX already exists Overwrite lt Y gt es lt N gt 0 lt A gt ll ne lt V gt er lt Esc gt W27 Insufficient memory for extended attributes Potential Cause s The distribution license information was not correctly placed at the time of installation The distribution license information is placed in a file called pkzip ex_ If you need to re install PKZIP first verify that pkzip ex_ does not exist in the installation directory If pkzip ex_ does exist in the installation directory either
104. ion of those files For more control in determining whether or not to overwrite duplicate files with the corresponding extracted files use the overwrite option with the extract command PKZIP provides three methods for using the overwrite option Extracting Files St The available sub options are listed in the table that follows Sub Option Description For example PKZIP will prompt you to pkzip25 extract overwrite prompt test zip overwrite a duplicate file bmp before proceeding PKZIP will not overwrite any pkzip25 extract overwrite never test zip duplicate files bmp PKZIP will overwrite all pkzip25 extract overwrite all test zip bmp duplicate files You will not be prompted Note If you use the extract option alone without the overwrite option you will be prompted to overwrite duplicate files If however you use the extract option as well as the overwrite option but do not specify a sub option PKZIP will automatically overwrite all files without prompting you Retaining Directory Structure while Extracting directories If you stored directory path information within a ZIP file you can re create those directory paths when you extract the files For example if you compressed a file called apples doc in the temp fruit directory and you stored temp fruit you can re create temp fruit in the location in which you extract the files 92 Extracting Files To re create directories use the directories
105. ion with the add command PKZIP provides several methods for applying a date to a ZIP file The table below lists the available sub options for applying date information to your ZIP archives Sub Option To use For example The date that the ZIP file was pkzip25 add zipdate retain test zip created none The current date pkzip25 add zipdate none test zip Default The date of the oldest file within pkzip25 add zipdate oldest test zip the ZIP file The date of the newest file within pkzip25 add zipdate newest test zip the ZIP file 72 Compressing Files Setting the Compression Level When PKZIP compresses files it uses a compression method that provides the best balance of compression and speed If you want more compression or faster compression you can change the default method PKZIP contains ten levels of compression with 0 zero being no compression at the fastest speed and 9 being the most compression at the slowest speed For example 1 would offer more compression than 0 zero but less compression than 2 However 1 would be faster than 2 and so on With PKZIP you can change the compression level in two ways You can e Type an option and a number that represents the compression level This way contains one word as the option level and a number that represents the compression level e Type an option that represents a compression level Each option represents a compression l
106. ith versions of Windows95 and NT Intel DEC Alpha Power PC This includes long file name support under Windows95 and Windows NT This self extractor is included in the PKSFXS DAT file described on page 80 Available in the Distribution Licensed version of PKZIP e OS 2 self extractor that works with OS 2 Operating System e g OS 2 Warp version 4 This self extractor is included in the PKSFXS DAT file described on page 80 Available in the Distribution Licensed version of PKZIP e UNIX self extractors that work with several different flavors of UNIX e g Sun Solaris 2 x SPARC These self extractors are included in the PKSFXS DAT file described on page 80 Available in the Distribution Licensed version of PKZIP To create a self extractor use the sfx option with the add command If you wish to convert a standard ZIP file to a self extracting one use the sfx option alone The value you include with sfx depends on the type of file you wish to create Subsequent sections in this chapter will more fully describe how to create PKZIP self extracting files Creating a Native Self Extractor To create a self extractor native to the operating system on which you are using PKZIP use the sfx option without a sub option as in the following example pkzip25 add sfx test doc Creating a Regular DOS Self Extractor To create a regular DOS self extractor use the dosfull value with the sfx option as in the following example pkzip2
107. ith the file name provided The original damaged file is not updated The fix option will not repair all damaged ZIP files Depending on the degree of damage to the data within a ZIP file you may not be able to recover your files from that archive Performing Miscellaneous Tasks on ZIP Files 103 Create a Temporary ZIP File ona Alternate Drive temp Every time you update a ZIP file PKZIP creates a temporary work file Before modifying the original file PKZIP performs all of its compression and extraction operations on the temporary work file When the modifications to the ZIP file are successfully completed the original ZIP file is replaced with the updated file temporary work file This means you must have as much additional disk space available as was used by the original ZIP file For example if you have an existing ZIP file of 500K and you are adding another file to it that is 10K compressed you need additional workspace of at least 510K during the update process The temp option allows you to create the temporary ZIP file on a drive other than the one on which the original ZIP file resides This allows you to update large ZIP files when space is limited such as a large ZIP file ona floppy disk Furthermore by setting this temporary drive to point to a RAM drive you can speed up the operation of PKZIP Immediately following the temp option place the drive and or path you wish to use for the temporary work file
108. l override the path value in the PKZIP Configuration File If no sub option is specified only relative path information is stored Examples of each sub option appear in the table below Sub option Store the directory path relative to the current location Store the full path starting from the root directory down specify Store the directory path information that is specified in your PKZIP command relative Store the directory path relative to the current working directory of the drive specified DOS Turn off the path option Used to override configuration file For example pkzip25 add path current docs zip docs In this example only directory information under the docs directory will be stored Parent directory information will not be stored pkzip25 add path root docs zip docs In this example the entire directory path starting from root directory will be stored pkzip25 add path specify docs zip temp docs In this example temp docs is the directory information that will be stored pkzip25 add directories relative docs zip c doc z doc In this example the path information for those directories recursed under the current working directory for both the C and Z drives will be stored pkzip25 add path none docs zip temp docs In this example only the file names are stored Compressing Files 51 Storing and Recreating Directory Path Information 52 direc
109. le has bad literal table W16 Can t extract reduced files W17 Can t extract tokenized files W18 Unknown compression method for file XXXX W19 Could not clear archive attribute on file XXXX W20 Incorrect password for file XXXX W21 Temporary file created in current directory RAGEL UET PKZIP encountered a file that has been password protected You need the password to access this file The Imploded file being tested or extracted has an error in its encoding The file is probably corrupt or not a ZIP file Files that have been damaged in this way cannot be recovered The compression method used to originally compress the file s reduce is not supported by PKZIP therefore the file s cannot be extracted The compression method used to originally compress the file s tokenize is not supported by PKZIP therefore the file s cannot be extracted An unfamiliar compression method has been used with the current ZIP file PKZIP could not clear the archive attribute on a file The file will be compressed but the archive bit cannot be cleared This warning usually occurs when the add incremental option is used on the command line Verify that you entered the correct password for the ZIP file When a ZIP file is password protected you can only access the contents of that ZIP file with an appropriate password Note Passwords are case sensitive See the Including a Password section on page 6
110. le usage pkzip25 add com all save zip doc pkzip25 config extract freshen to see the current configuration values type pkzip25 config pkzip25 console save zip txt to reset all defaults pkzip25 default Used with stand alone stand alone stand alone Name Description delete remove files from a ZIP file directories store directory path names during compression or recreate directory path names while extracting includes subdirectories recurse configurable note using this command is the same as combining the path and recurse commands WEI file s to delete no default value current store path information relative to the current path root or full store the entire path beginning at the root directory specify store the path information for each file being compressed or recreates for each file being extracted as specified on the command line relative store the directory path relative to the current working directory of the drive s specified DOS none overrides directory path information in configuration file default none default if used on command line without a sub option current Example usage Used with for individual files stand alone pkzip25 del save zip doc1 txt for a specific file pattern pkzip25 del save zip doc compression example assumes you are in wp add extract pkzip25 add dir root save zip w
111. les use the exclude option with the add command as shown below pkzip25 add exclude bmp test zip In the example above all files except those that end in the omp extension will be compressed Furthermore you might want to exclude a list of files from being compressed or extracted for example all files that exist in the list file Ist txt To exclude files listed in a list file use the exclude option with the add command as shown below pkzip25 add exclude lst txt test zip In the example above all files except those listed in the Ist txt file will be compressed You have the option of specifying a default file pattern setting in your PKZIP Configuration Settings file If for example you want to automatically exclude all files with the extension of doc in PKZIP compress and extract operations enter the following pkzip25 config exclude doc When you use the exclude option with the configuration command PKZIP prompts you to configure the exclude default for add and or extract operations The doc file pattern will henceforth be excluded by default in compress and or extract operations 58 Compressing Files Compressing Files in a Specific Format shortname The shortname option allows you to convert a ZIP file name in ong file name format to a DOS equivalent short 8 3 file name before compressing the file s You may specify how you wish files to be compressed by using the shortname option with one of
112. les than those that already exist in the extract directory For example if you have a file called apples doc in the extract directory but a newer version in the ZIP file you can overwrite the older version with the newer version using the update sub option The following example uses the update sub option with the extract command pkzip25 extract update test zip 86 Extracting Files When the update sub option is used the files specified for extraction in the ZIP file will be compared against the files already present in the extraction directory If PKZIP determines that the file s to be extracted are older than the same file s that already exist in the extraction directory PKZIP will not extract the file s Additionally any file s that exist in the ZIP file but not in the extract directory are automatically extracted to the extract directory Extracting Only Newer Versions of Files extract freshen To extract only those files in destination directory that have changed use the freshen sub option with the extract command as shown below pkzip25 extract freshen test zip When you use freshen sub option with the extract option only those files in the ZIP file which already exist in the extract directory and that have a file modification date newer than the files already in the extract directory will be extracted from the ZIP file Extracting Files Based on Some Criteria after before include exclude With PKZIP
113. lude exclude regular files This is pkzip25 extract filetype regular the default setting If no filetype is test zip specified PKZIP will automatically include exclude regular files 62 Compressing Files Note A before a filetype sub option tells PKZIP to exclude the specified filetype s regardless of the default configuration setting e g filetype hidden will exclude hidden files regardless of the default configuration setting Extended Attribute Storage noextended When PKZIP adds files to an archive it automatically stores extended attributes with those files PKZIP defines extended attributes as those file attributes not defined by the standard FAT file system attributes Read Only Archive System Hidden Volume Directory Extended attributes normally represent a characteristic of a file For example PKZIP may store the date and time a file was last modified as an extended attribute If however you do not wish to store or extract extended attribute information use the noextended option The following command line example uses the noextended option with add command pkzip25 add noextended test zip readme doc PKZIP will run and display the following PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Excluding Extended Attributes Creating ZIP test zip Adding File readme doc
114. mat contained in the LIST file matches the format of the files in the test zip file For example if test zip contains no path information specifying text news txt in your LIST file will not extract the file news txt from the test zip file See the Compressing Files with a LIST File section on page 54 for more information on LIST files For information on viewing the files as they appear in the ZIP file refer to the Viewing the Contents of a ZIP File section on page 98 Extracting Files Authenticity Verification This version of PKZIP allows you to authenticate ZIP files created with Authenticity Verification AV information You can not embed AV information into archives created with this version of PKZIP However you can test files created with other versions of PKZIP for authenticity For example if you created a ZIP archive in PKZIP 2 04g for DOS with AV information embedded in that archive you could then use PKZIP to verify that the files in that archive have not been tampered with or modified PKZIP automatically checks for AV information when extracting files An example of a successful extraction of files that were originally compressed with AV information follows PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Extracting files from ZIP test zip Inflating filel dat AV Inflating file2 dat AV
115. n You can reset e All defaults e Individual defaults Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File 111 Resetting All Defaults To reset default values for all commands and options that contain default values type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 default Resetting Individual Defaults 112 PKZIP allows you to reset a default value for an individual command or option You do not have to reset all of the commands options at once For example if you wish to reset the add value back to it s default setting without resetting any other Configuration values that you may have modified type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 config add The minus sign in front of the command tells the Configuration file to set the value for that particular command back to the default value In the case of the character preceding the add value in the example above it changes the Update value we set in a previous example back to ALL Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File Command 7 Characteristics Overview This chapter contains information on performing tasks that pertain to the conventions or syntax of PKZIP commands and options These tasks are more technical and require at least rudimentary knowledge of the operating system Sections in This Chapter Introduction Changing Environment Variables for Dates and Times Changing the LIST Character for List Files Changing the Command Option Charac
116. n on LIST files PKZIP can t read the ZIP file or is unable to read the central directory record The file might be located on a corrupt disk or part of a disk This includes floppy disks The ZIP file is too small to be considered a valid ZIP file The ZIP header must be a minimum number of bytes The ZIP file PKZIP encountered was smaller than the minimum PKZIP is unable to locate the central end record in the ZIP file The file is not a valid ZIP archive or has been corrupted The fix option may repair the ZIP file Warning Messages Potential Cause s Z153 Premature end of ZIP PKZIP reached the end of compressed data before anticipated The archive may be damaged The fix option may repair the ZIP file Z154 Local header corrupt or not found PKZIP detected an error in the local header of the ZIP file The local header record could not be found or perhaps has an invalid date The archive may be damaged The fix option may repair the ZIP file Z155 Too many files in XXXX PKZIP cannot add or extract files in excess of the limit of 65 535 files 16 383 with the 204 option enabled Reduce the number of files you are trying to process E255 User pressed ctrl c or control break This error occurs when you press CTRL BREAK or CTRL C in the middle of a PKZIP operation Warning Messages Sometimes a condition occurs that might cause a task to pause temporarily This could be something that preve
117. nd files that do not appear in the extract directory e Only files that are newer than the files with the same name in the extract directory Refer to the sections that follow for more information Extracting All Files From a ZIP File extract To extract all files from a ZIP file type pkzip25 extract and the name of your ZIP file as shown below pkzip25 extract test zip In this example all files in the ZIP archive will be extracted into the current directory Extracting Files 85 Overriding Default Files to Extract extract all With PKZIP you can set up default files to extract For example if you always or usually extract doc files you can set up PKZIP to automatically extract those files without specifying those files in your command Refer to Chapter 6 Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File on page 107 for more information To override defaults to extract all files from a ZIP file you can use the all value with the extract command as shown below pkzip25 extract all test zip In this command you do not have to specify the files to extract because you are extracting all files In addition the default that is set up in the Configuration file still applies The all value only overrides the default for this instance only Extracting Newer Versions of Existing Files and New Files extract update PKZIP allows you to extract files contained in a ZIP archive that are newer versions of fi
118. ne with the correct password e If you include the password option only PKZIP will prompt you to enter a password For example pkzip25 extract password test zip When you press ENTER the following prompt appears Password Type your password which will appear on your screen as asterisks for privacy Press ENTER If you ve specified the correct password the files will be extracted to the current directory If the password you ve entered is incorrect you will see a warning message similar to the following PKZIP w20 warning Incorrect password for file filename ext Retype your command line and when prompted enter the correct password Note Passwords are case sensitive 70 Compressing Files Including a Header Comment header With PKZIP you can include a general comment for a ZIP file This is called a header comment because it appears in the header portion of a ZIP file This differs from the comment option in that the header comment applies to the entire ZIP file not to individual files within the ZIP file Note Headers for ZIP files are limited to 16K in size PKZIP will automatically truncate headers larger than 16K To include a header comment use the header option and the comment or comment file with the add command PKZIP provides several methods to include the comment You can e Include an existing file as the header With this method you type the header filename ext option If there are
119. nfigurable osi2 locale set the default PKZIP time and date settings to match your system time and date formats configurable UNIX DOS lowercase extracts file name s in lower case regardless of how it was originally archived UNIX 130 KEUTO H any valid single character default no suboptions no default value a valid country name e g us germany france environment PKZIP will attempt to use the environment variable defined by the operating system default US default if used on command line without a sub option environment no suboptions default time 12 Hour date MMDDYY no suboptions no default value Appendix A PKZIP Example usage pkzip25 config listchar pkzip25 listsfxtypes pkzip25 config locale germany pkzip25 add locale germany test zip doc pkzip25 add locale environment test zip doc pkzip25 config locale pkzip25 add locale test zip doc pkzip25 extract lowercase save zip Options A Quick Reference Used with add extract delete test view stand alone add extract add extract Name Description mask remove file attributes of files within a ZIP file or when extracting note you can only remove the attributes that have been stored as defined by the attribute command configurable DOS OS 2 maximum set the level of compression to the highest level but lowest sp
120. ng All Files in a Directory add You have the option of compressing all files in a particular directory with a single command To do this you do not have to specify each file Simply type pkzip25 add and the name of your ZIP file as shown below pkzip25 add test zip In this example all files in the current directory will be compressed into the test zip file Note The above command only compresses files that are located in that particular directory not in the subdirectories that might appear below that directory To learn how to compress files that appear in subdirectories refer to the Compressing Files in Subdirectories section on page 48 You can also specify files from a different directory if you wish For example if you were in a parent directory to a directory called temp and you wanted to compress all the files in the temp directory you could type the following pkzip25 add test zip temp The resultant test zip file is stored in the current directory the parent directory to the temp directory in our example Compressing Files 45 Note By default all files in a specified directory are added to your ZIP file with PKZIP s add command Unless you ve modified the add default setting through the PKZIP Configuration Settings file you wouldn t need to include the all suboption in your command line to compress all files For more information on modifying PKZIP s default values through the PKZIP Configura
121. ng Miscellaneous Tasks on ZIP Files 101 When you press ENTER information similar to the following will appear PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Testing files from ZIP test zip Testing readme txt OK Testing whatsnew txt OK As each file is tested an OK is displayed next to the name If for some reason the archive has been damaged use the fix option described on page 103 to repair the ZIP file Previewing Command and Option Operations preview PKZIP allows you to preview the results of a set of commands and options The commands and options specified will be completed and the resulting output will display but no changes will be made that result in creating a new ZIP file or in modifying an existing ZIP file For example if you wish to preview an add operation without actually creating or modifying any files enter the following pkzip25 add preview test zip txt When you press ENTER information similar to the following appears on your console PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Using Preview Option Creating ZIP test zip Adding File readme txt Deflating 62 0 done Adding File whatsnew txt Deflating 59 2 done The compr
122. nsion suppress the adding of a ZIP extension to the ZIP file name configurable optionchar set the option character to the specified ASCII character configurable WENT no suboptions no default value no subop no defaul no subop no defaul any valid single character default Example usage pkzip25 add nofix save zip doc pkzip25 add normal save zip pkzip25 config normal pkzip25 add nozipextension file ibm doc pkzip25 opt add save zip doc pkzip25 config option Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference Used with add extract delete test view all commands all commands 133 Name Description NEVI Example usage Used with i prompt prompt every file pkzip25 ext over all save zip extract overwrite individually on whether to overwrite a file that has the same name as the one being extracted all overwrite all files that have a corresponding file on the hard drive never never overwrite a file that has a corresponding file on the hard drive default prompt default if used on command line without a sub option all your password or no to include password in the command add extract password ee 2 pkzip25 add pass beowulf save zip include a password with your ZIP file to have PKZIP prompt you for a no default value password after you type the configurable command pkzip25 add pass save zip 134 A
123. nts part of a task from happening or simply a message or reminder For several of these conditions PKZIP displays a warning message The following is a description of each warning message PKZIP Warning Potential Cause s W1 Can t create XXXX PKZIP could not create volume label file or directory Verify that you have appropriate access rights to the file or directory W2 Illegal path or drive specified XXXX The file being extracted has an invalid name or path Verify that you have entered the correct path in your command line and that the file does not contain any inappropriate characters such as a colon or leading slash 148 Appendix B Error and Warning Messages PKZIP Warning W3 requires PKZIP version W4 File fails CRC check W5 Unexpected size in ZIP file W6 Insufficient memory for ZIP header comment Header not set W7 file XXXX already exists Overwrite lt Y gt es lt N gt 0 lt A gt ll ne lt V gt er lt R gt ename lt Esc gt W8 Could not open file XXXX W9 Could not delete file XXXX W10 Deflated file has bad table W11 Deflated file has bad compression block type W12 Unexpected end of compressed data Appendix B Error and Warning Messages Potential Cause s The ZIP file is corrupt or the specified file is compressed or encoded in a way that this version of PKZIP is unable to handle A different version of PKZIP may be required to properly extrac
124. ollowing e Type the password preceded by an equal sign as part of your command For example pkzip25 add password lt type password here gt test zip e If you include the password option only PKZIP will prompt you to enter a password For example pkzip25 add password test zip When you press ENTER the following prompt appears Password Type your password which will appear on your screen as asterisks for privacy Press ENTER to save your password PKZIP asks you to confirm the password by displaying the following Re enter password for verification Password Re type your password and press ENTER If the password you enter matches the one you originally entered PKZIP will start to compress your files and the operating system prompt will appear If the passwords do not match PKZIP displays the following Passwords don t match Please try again Password Re type the correct password Compressing Files 69 To extract a password protected file use the password option with the extract command e Type the password preceded by an equal sign as part of your command For example pkzip25 extract password secret test zip If you ve specified the correct password the files will be extracted to the current directory If the password you ve entered is incorrect you will see a warning message similar to the following PKZIP w20 warning Incorrect password for file filename ext Retype your command li
125. on a Alternate Drive 104 Suppressing Screen Output 105 Chapter 6 Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File 107 Introduction 108 Viewing the Configuration File 108 Changing a Default Value 110 Resetting Original Defaults 111 Resetting All Defaults 112 Resetting Individual Defaults 112 Chapter 7 Command Characteristics 113 Introduction 114 Changing Date and Time Environment Variables 114 Changing the LIST Character for LIST Files 116 Changing the Command Option Character 117 IV Table of Contents Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference 119 Appendix B Error and Warning Messages 143 Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions 153 Appendix D How Does PKZIP Work 161 Index 171 Table of Contents V 1 N Welcome to PKZIP Overview This chapter contains an introduction to PKZIP an explanation of the contents of this manual and information about the technical support services offered to you as a valued PKZIP user Note Itis highly recommended that you review the Getting Started Manual before proceeding Sections in This Chapter e Introduction e About This Manual e Your Work Environment The Command Line e Using Help e Getting License Information e Getting Version Information e Using PKWARE Technical Support Welcome to PKZIP Introduction Compressing files into a ZIP archive is quick and easy with PKZIP The powerful but simple to use PKZIP command line gives you the ability to fully customize your data
126. on for those directories recursed under the current working directory for both the C and Z drives will be stored pkzip25 add directories none docs zip temp docs In this example only the file names are stored Compressing Files 53 Compressing Files with a LIST File 54 Rather than specifying a specific file or file pattern in your command line you have the option of pointing to a LIST file in your command line The LIST file is an ASCII text file that contains file names and their locations A LIST file can be an ideal solution for users who archive specific file sets on a regular basis It saves time in that it is not necessary to type appropriate file names and paths each time you wish to compress these files with PKZIP A LIST file may contain wild card specifications as well as exact file names and paths A LIST file in a DOS based environment might look similar to the following exe doc tut doc pkzip htm1 A LIST file in a UNIX based environment might look similar to the following usr local bin pkware pkzip25 doc usr local bin pkware pkzip25 pkzip htm1 Using the character in your command line you can point to the LIST file We ll assume that the LIST file is called Ist txt and that it resides in your current directory An example of such a command line follows pkzip25 add test zip lst txt In the previous example PKZIP creates a file called test zip using file information it
127. one e g speed See page 73 for more information 2 Compression speeds are highly dependent on the location of files being added as well as the temporary file PKZIP creates when performing certain compression operations If these files are located on a network drive you may want to move them to a local drive before running PKZIP Be aware of the effects file location can have on PKZIP s speed How many files can be in a ZIP file There is no limit to the number of files you can add to a ZIP file However if you use the 204 option for PKZIP 204g compatibility your ZIP file may contain no more than 16 383 file entries Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions Can I send a ZIP file to a different type of computer As of the publication of this manual PKWARE supports PKZIP on MS DOS Windows 3 x 95 NT x86 DEC Alpha PowerPC OpenVMS Sun Solaris and OS 2 platforms PKWARE intends to support additional platforms and will announce this support as it becomes available Because PKWARE has dedicated the ZIP file format to the public domain it is possible for other people to write programs which can read ZIP files We are aware of PKZIP compatible programs for a number of different platforms A ZIP file can be transferred to any platform for which you can find a compatible extraction program Extraction and Compression programs not developed by PKWARE may not be completely compatible with the ZIP file standard Contact PKWARE
128. ons of PKZIP e g PKZIP for DOS 2 04g It cannot encode AV information into ZIP files I forgot my password what do I do 1 Try to remember the password 2 Try passwords that are close to what you think it was 3 Try mixed upper and lower case versions of your password Don t forget or lose your passwords PKWARE has no special means for getting around the encryption and may not be able to assist in the recovery of an encrypted file To help avoid the loss of data you may wish to keep a written copy of your password s in a secure place Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions 157 What does Unknown Compression Method mean There are many different methods of compression In the history of PKZIP alone there have been seven different methods to date The ZIP file format was designed so that additional methods of compression can be added as they are developed Therefore the ZIP file format will never need to be abandoned This means that the ZIP file in question was created or updated by a newer version of PKZIP than is being used to extract the data You must use a newer version of PKZIP to extract these files How can I make PKZIP run faster PKZIP defaults to a compression method that is average in both compression amount and speed If you want to get the most speed out of PKZIP try the following 1 Specify a faster compression method with a level sub option e g level 0 or with a speed compression option al
129. orials assume that you can access PKZIP from any directory without specifying a file path Refer to the Getting Started Manual for information on how to properly install and configure PKZIP Preparing Your Workspace To follow the tutorials in this manual step by step you must create a working directory Consider it a temporary directory to be used only for the tutorials This helps to ensure that your permanent directories and files are not deleted or damaged while you re practicing with PKZIP Refer to the Creating the Tutorial Directory and Files section in the Getting Started Manual for specific information on setting up your tutorial workspace The Basics 13 ZIP File Naming Conventions The commands and options discussed in the following sections and chapters of this manual are entered except for a few standalone commands on a command line along with the name of a ZIP file If you enter the file name as file zip or file exe PKZIP will not modify the file name However any file name entered without a zip or exe extension will have an extension added by PKZIP unless the file name ends with a trailing dot e g file Specifying a trailing dot with your file name on the command line tells PKZIP not to append an extension to the specified file name For example specifying t as the archive name would result in a file called t Conversely specifying t as the archive name would result in a file called t zip
130. ou changed your defaults in the speed level 5 Configuration file Refer to Chapter 6 Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File on page 107 for more information Sorting Files Within a ZIP File sort With PKZIP you can sort the files within a ZIP file in several ways If you do not change the sort order the files are automatically sorted by the order in which they were compressed into the ZIP file This is called the natural order Compressing Files 75 The sort option works with the add extract test and view commands The value you include with sort depends on the command you select Sub Option To sort by For example pkzip25 add sort date temp zip original uncompressed pkzip25 add sort size temp zip size of the file length in display file name alpha pkzip25 add sort name temp zip betically pkzip25 view sort none temp zip natural the order that files exist pkzip25 view sort natural temp zip within a ZIP file same as none ratio of uncompressed pkzip25 view sort ratio temp zip size to compressed size Note The ratio sub option will not work with the add command CRC Cyclic pkzip25 view sort crc temp zip Redundancy Check number Note The crc sub option will not work with the add command If you specify the sort option on your command line but do not specify a sub option value the files will be sorted by file name Note Using the sort option with the ad
131. ou don t have to specify the include option in your command only the file pattern However if you specify both an include value as well as a file pattern both are used in the file extraction process Excluding Files from Being Extracted exclude When you extract files you might want to exclude specific files from being extracted for example all files that end in bmp To exclude files use the exclude option with the extract command as shown below pkzip25 extract exclude bmp test zip In the example above all files except those that end in the omp extension will be extracted You have the option of specifying a default file pattern setting in your PKZIP Configuration file If for example you want to automatically exclude all files with the extension of doc in PKZIP compress and extract operations enter the following pkzip25 config exclude doc When you use the exclude option with the configuration command PKZIP prompts you to configure the exclude default for add and or extract operations The doc file pattern will henceforth be excluded by default in compress and or extract operations Extracting Files in a Specific Format OS 2 90 nametype The nametype option allows you to extract files in a specific format such as Long File Name or 8 3 You may specify how you wish files to be extracted by using the nametype option along with one of the sub options listed in the table that follows Extractin
132. p docs the path stored would be wp docs pkzip25 add dir current save zip wp docs the path stored would be docs extraction example pkzip25 extract directories save zip note UNIX users should utilize the include option or place quotation marks around wildcard designations to bypass automatic wildcard expansion by the shell which may restrict your pattern search see the Getting Started Manual for more information Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference 125 Name Description exclude exclude files from being compressed or extracted configurable note you must specify a sub option e g file pattern or list file name preceded by an appropriate list character with the exclude option extract extract files from a ZIP file configurable fast set the level of compression to fast or level 2 configurable 126 ELIT H the file s or file pattern for example doc being excluded no default value all all files in ZIP file freshen only files in the ZIP file that exist in the target directory and that are newer than those files will be extracted update files in the ZIP file which already exist in the target directory and that are newer than those files as well as files that are not in the target directory will be extracted default all no suboptions no default value Appendix A PKZIP Example usage Used with com
133. p one level in the directory structure PKZIP runs and the following appears PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Extracting files from ZIP test zip Inflating red txt As you can see from the Inflating line above PKZIP extracted the red txt file to the parent directory of the current directory Further Information on Extracting Files The tutorials in the previous extract sections offer only a small sample of file extraction options For example you can extract only those files that are newer than the files in the extract directory You can also determine how to handle the overwriting of files in the extract directory For information on these and other extract features refer to Chapter 4 Extracting Files on page 83 Understanding PKZIP Commands and Options The previous sections demonstrated how to complete basic compression and extraction operations In the tutorials the add command was used to compress files while the extract command was used to extract files These are the two most basic tasks in PKZIP With PKZIP you can further customize compression and extraction tasks You accomplish this by using additional commands and options This section contains an introduction to these additional commands and options used in PKZIP including basic conventions The Bas
134. ppendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference Name Description KEUTO H current stores the path from the current directory path store directory path names for files within a ZIP file root full store the entire path beginning at the root of the drive also referred configurable to as full path specify store the path as specified in your pkzip command relative store the directory path relative to the current working directory of the drive s specified DOS none no path information stored default none default if used on command line without a sub option current no suboptions permission preserve the original file access permissions of an extracted file no default value UNIX note the user who extracts files with preserved UID and GID information must have the same UID as is archived in the ZIP file or root superuser file privileges no suboptions preview preview the results of a set of commands or options without actually performing the task represented by that command option no default value Example usage assuming in you are in temp pkzip25 add path root save zip docs the complete path is stored including temp docs pkzip25 add path current save zip docs wp the path stored would be docs wp pkzip25 extract permission save zip pkzip25 add preview save zip Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference Used with extrac
135. ppy disk you are writing to is full This error occurs when PKZIP attempts to write a ZIP file or extract a file contained in a ZIP file to a hard or floppy disk that is full Free up sufficient disk space and try again PKZIP can t find the ZIP file you specified This error will only occur when you use commands options sub options that work with existing ZIP files Verify that the file is specified correctly If you are adding files to an archive verify that you place the ZIP file name before specifying files to be added on the command line If the ZIP file is not in the same directory where you typed the command make sure to include path information e g pkzip25 add freshen temp test zip txt The named ZIP file is read only or locked by another application and can not be modified This may also occur on a Network drive if you do not have sufficient access rights to the file to allow you to modify it Appendix B Error and Warning Messages 145 E14 Can t create ZIP file XXXX E15 Renaming temporary ZIP file saved as XXXX E16 Can t open for write access file XXXX E17 Error encrypting file data E18 Can t open list file XXXX E19 Aborted file extract E20 Aborted file compression Potential Cause s PKZIP is not able to create the ZIP file Verify that the destination directory is not full the ZIP file does not already exist or is not read only If you are creating the fil
136. pression example add extract delete test view pkzip25 add excl doc save zip extraction example pkzip25 ext excl txt save zip setting exclude default pkzip25 config excl txt note when you use the exclude option with the configuration command PKZIP prompts you to configure the exclude default for add and or extract operations pkzip25 ext up save zip stand alone pkzip25 add fast save zip doc pkzip25 config fast Options A Quick Reference Name Description filetype processes files with the specified file type information in the ZIP file UNIX note a before a filetype sub option tells PKZIP to exclude the specified filetype s regardless of the default configuration setting e g filetype hidden will exclude hidden files regardless of the default configuration setting WENT H Example usage hidden include exclude filenames that have a dot in the first position of the filename e g profile pkzip25 add filetype all save zip pipe include exclude pipe files These are files having a file mode starting with p e g prwxrw rw slink include exclude symbolic links These are files having a file mode starting with I e g Irw rw rw hlink include exclude hard linked files These are linked files that are not symbolic links They are files with a link count gt 1 none exclude all of the above file types generally this option
137. re that you are supplying enough characters in the option to delineate it from similarly spelled options If for example you only specify pr on your command line PKZIP will generate the E2 error because it cannot determine whether you are specifying the print or preview option Appendix B Error and Warning Messages 143 E3 Ambiguous sub option specified XXXX E4 Unknown or illegal option XXXX E5 Unknown or illegal sub option XXXX E6 No ZIP file specified E7 Can t create XXXX E8 Nothing to do Potential Cause s If you abbreviate a sub option on your command line make sure that you are supplying enough characters in the sub option to delineate it from similarly spelled sub options If for example you only specify sort na on your command line PKZIP will generate the E3 error because it cannot determine whether you are specifying the name or natural sub option The option you specified on the command line is invalid It does not match any known options Verify that you typed the option correctly Check the spelling The sub option you specified on the command line is invalid It does not match any known sub options Verify that you typed the sub option on your command line correctly Verify that you are not using an illegal sub option e g add sort crc Check the spelling There was not a ZIP file specified on the command line PKZIP does not accept wildcards for ZIP file n
138. rview This chapter contains information on the commands and options used in file compression and archival Sections in This Chapter e Introduction e Compressing New and Existing Files e Compressing Files in Subdirectories e Storing Directory Path Information e Compressing Files With a LIST FILE e Compressing Files Based on Some Criteria e Compressing Files in a Specific Format e Storing File Attribute Information e Including Additional Information in ZIP File e Setting the Compression Level e Sorting Files Within a ZIP File e Moving Files to a ZIP File e Creating Self Extracting ZIP Files e Compressing Files to Diskette Compressing Files 43 Introduction PKZIP offers several options for compressing files into a ZIP file The previous chapter introduced you to some PKZIP basics This chapter contains detailed information on the features and compression functionality presently available in PKZIP Conventions in This Chapter Most commands and options discussed in this and subsequent chapters work for all versions of PKZIP In instances where a command or option is specific to a platform or operating system the manual will indicate as much e g UNIX DOS OS 2 Note The DOS specification refers to any DOS based shell including MS DOS shells running on Windows 95 and Windows NT In some of the headings in this chapter a word appears immediately below the heading That word represents the actual command
139. rying to add these files to a ZIP archive Fortunately PKZIP allows you to change the default list character to avoid such problems This is accomplished using the listchar option For example if you wish to define the character in place of the as your default list character type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 config listchar If you wish to specify an alternate list character on the command line itself could type a command line similar to the following and press ENTER pkzip25 add listchar test zip file1 txt When used as a command line option the listchar option only applies to the options that follow it on that particular command line In our example the listchar option allows you to add files that begin with an character e g file1 txt For more information on using LIST files with PKZIP see the Compressing Files with a LIST File section on page 54 and the Extracting Files with a LIST File section on page 94 Note Avoid using metacharacters as list characters Metacharacters have a special significance to the shell and as such their usage may cause unpredictable results This would include the following characters amp lt gt NEWLINE SPACE TAB 116 Command Characteristics Changing the Command Option Character optionchar All commands and options illustrated thus far have been preceded by a character The character is the default option character used on the command line
140. s 37 Command Characteristics Chapter 113 Command Line Including an Option 36 Command Option Character Changing 117 Commands and Options 35 Abbreviating 37 Default Values 44 Difference 36 Values 39 Commands Options 204 65 120 add 45 120 after 55 88 120 attributes 60 121 before 56 88 121 comment 67 122 configuration 107 122 console 93 122 default 122 delete 123 Index directories 52 92 123 exclude 58 90 124 extract 85 124 fast 74 124 filetype 62 125 fix 103 126 header 71 126 help 3 126 id 126 include 56 89 127 level 73 127 license 4 127 links 127 listchar 116 128 listsfxtypes 128 locale 114 128 mask 65 129 maximum 74 129 more 130 move 77 130 namesfx 130 nametype 90 130 noextended 63 130 nofix 131 normal 74 131 nozipextension 131 optionchar 117 131 overwrite 91 132 password 69 132 path 49 133 permission 133 preview 102 133 print 101 134 recurse 48 134 sfx 78 134 shortname 59 134 silent 135 sort 75 93 135 span 82 136 speed 74 136 store 74 136 temp 104 105 136 test 101 137 times 137 version 138 173 view 98 138 volume 71 138 warning 138 zipdate 72 139 Compressing All Files in a Directory 45 All Files in the Current Directory 19 Files Based on Some Criteria 55 Files From a Different Location 20 Files in SubDirectories 48 Files Newer Than a Specified Da
141. s in the test zip file For more information on the silent and nofix options refer to Appendix A on page 119 Performing Miscellaneous Tasks on ZIP Files 105 S Changing Defaults 6 Using the N Configuration File Overview This chapter contains information on changing default values in the PKZIP Configuration Settings File Sections in This Chapter e Introduction e Viewing the Configuration File e Changing a Default Value e Resetting Original Defaults Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File 107 Introduction Most of the PKZIP commands and options contain default values Not all commands and options contain more than one value However for those that do you can change the default value Default values for PKZIP commands and options are stored in the Configuration file To change a default you edit this file with PKZIP For a quick look at the contents of this Configuration file refer to the next section Viewing the Configuration File To learn how to change a default refer to the Changing a Default Value section on page 110 Viewing the Configuration File 108 Before you change a default you might want to take a look at the contents of the Configuration file To access the Configuration file at your command prompt type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 config Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File gt If you are using the UNIX based version of PKZIP the following
142. screen will appear PKZIP Configuration Settings 204 Disabled Add All After Date None Before Date None Comment No files Compression Level 5 Default Directory Disabled Extract All Header Disabled List Char Locale Time 12 Hour Date MMDDYY Move Files Disabled NoExtended Disabled NoFix Disabled NoZipExten Disabled Not Preserved Not Preserved Not Preserved File Permissions File Access Time File Modify Time File Types Regular Follow Link Types None Exclude files None Include files None File Group ID Prompt Disabled None Disabled SOL2X_SPC_C250 DOS Disabled Natural Natural Natural All Normal Disabled Disabled Not Preserved Not Preserved Note PKZIP will look in your start up file e g login or profile for the PKZIPCFG environment variable which specifies a search path to your configuration file PKZIP CFG If the PKZIPCFG environment variable is not set PKZIP will look in the current working directory for the PKZIP CFG file and attempt to edit it If the is no PKZIP CFG file in the current working directory PKZIP will create a PKZIP CFG file with default settings in the current working directory For more information on setting the PKZIPCFG environment variable see the Getting Started Manual gt If you are using the DOS based version of PKZIP the following screen will appear PKZIP Configuration Settings 204 Disabled Add All After
143. ss was terminated by the user while changing disks during a disk spanning operation 146 Appendix B Error and Warning Messages E21 Can t modify a spanned ZIP file E100 Insufficient memory To create input work buffer E101 Insufficient memory To create ZIP work buffer E102 Insufficient memory To create ZIP file XXXX E103 Insufficient memory ZIP central header data E104 Insufficient memory For input file list E105 Insufficient memory To extract files from ZIP E106 Insufficient memory To fix ZIP file E107 Insufficient memory To create SFX file E108 Insufficient memory For Authenticity Verification Z150 Error reading ZIP file Z151 File too small for valid ZIP data Z152 No CE signature found Appendix B Error and Potential Cause s Spanned ZIP files cannot be modified The spanned archive will need to be recreated Insufficient memory is available to process the ZIP file Try making more memory available to PKZIP If this does not rectify the problem then the ZIP file may be corrupted The fix option may correct the problem If you create a new ZIP file and receive this message it may be due to the number of files you are attempting to compress Reduce the scope of your command and try again If you are using a LIST file in your PKZIP command you may be receiving this error because the LIST file is too large See page 54 for more informatio
144. t 135 Name Description print print a file within a ZIP file DOS OS 2 recurse search subdirectories for files to compress configurable sfx create a self extracting ZIP file exe file or convert an existing ZIP file to a exe file configurable note for a listing of available self extractors use the listsfxtypes option shortname convert ZIP file name in long file name format to a DOS or OS 2 equivalent short file name note PKZIP includes sub options for both DOS and OS 2 because of the differences in the way each OS handles short file names configurable 136 NEVI the print device use for example Ipt1 default the default printer on your system no suboptions no default value dosfull create a DOS formatted self extractor jrdos create a DOS junior self extractor win16 create a Windows 16 bit self extractor default create an sfx native to the operating system dos convert ZIP file to a dos equivalent short file name os2 convert ZIP file to an OS 2 equivalent short file name no default value Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Example usage Used with pkzip25 print Ipt1 save zip readme txt stand alone if you do not specify a print device the default printer is used pkzip25 add rec save zip note UNIX users should utilize the include option or place quotation marks around wildcard designations to bypass
145. t of a screen default one screen of information no default value a valid file name e g filename exe no default value auto auto detection of file system and extraction format short files are extracted in 8 3 format long files are extracted in same format that they were originally added in default auto default if used on command line without a sub option short no suboptions no default value Appendix A PKZIP Used with all commands Example usage pkzip25 view more 22 save zip pkzip25 config more note when you use the more option with the configuration command PKZIP prompts you to configure the more default for add extract and or view operations pkzip25 add move save zip doc pkzip25 config move note if the move option is enabled by default in the configuration file PKZIP will display a confirmation prompt every time you attempt to modify the configuration file pkzip25 sfx namesfx test exe docs zip pkzip25 extract nametype long test zip temp add extract pkzip25 add noextended save zip note the extract command works with the noextended option on DOS only Options A Quick Reference Name Description nofix suppress the attempt to fix prompt if PKZIP encounters errors in a ZIP file configurable normal set the level of compression to 5 the best balance of compression and speed configurable nozipexte
146. t this file Contact PKWARE for more information It is likely that the file PKZIP is trying to extract is corrupt and was not extracted correctly For more information see the CRC section in Appendix D How Does PKZIP Work on page 169 PKZIP determined that the stored size of the ZIP file does not equal the final size of the file being extracted This error occurs when PKZIP attempts to allocate memory for a new header and cannot Try making more memory available to PKZIP The file s you are trying to extract already exists in the location to which you are extracting By default PKZIP prompts you before overwriting a file You may not have the proper permissions to access the file or the file may have been locked by another program while PKZIP was trying to access it If the file is located on a network file system consult your System Administrator to verify your access rights You do not have the proper permissions to access and delete the file or another application has the file open This warning only occurs when the move option is used on the command line The deflated file has a bad table or compression block type The file is probably corrupt or not a ZIP file Files that have been damaged in this way cannot be recovered Corrupt data caused PKZIP to abort the extraction before it could finish PKZIP Warning W13 Skipping encrypted file XXXX W14 Imploded file has bad table W15 Imploded fi
147. tand alone extract 139 Name Description version determine the version of PKZIP you are running note PKZIP also returns the version number to the shell by way of setting the error level the version number value is passed directly to the shell and as such is not viewable by the user view display information about the files within a ZIP file for example the compressed size of a file configurable volume store restore the volume label with the ZIP file configurable DOS OS 2 warning pause after every warning and prompt you to continue or not configurable 140 WELIV1 major returns the major version number of the release minor returns the minor number of the release e g if the version number is 2 5 1 the value returned is 5 step returns the step or patch value e g if the version is 2 04 01 the step value returned is 1 default major brief present information in the most compact manner details present information in the most detailed manner normal present information in the normal manner default normal a drive letter for example C default no volume label default if used on command line without a sub option current drive no suboptions no default value Appendix A PKZIP Example usage pkzip25 version pkzip25 view save zip pkzip25 add volume C save zip docs pkzip25 ext warn save zip
148. te 55 Files Older Than a Specified Date 56 Files That Match a Pattern 18 Files With a LIST File 54 New and Existing Files 45 Only Files That Have Changed 47 Only New Files 46 Selected Files in the Current Directory 17 Setting the Compression Level 73 Single File in the Current Directory 15 Specifying a Compression Level by Number 73 Specifying a Compression Level by Option 74 Specifying a Different Location for the ZIP File 21 Storing and Re Creating Directory Path Information 52 Storing Directory Path Information 49 Compressing Files Based on File Type UNIX 62 Learning the Basics 14 That Contain Certain Attributes 60 Compressing Files Chapter 43 Compressing Files to Diskette 82 Compression Zipfile 159 CompuServe 7 Conventions Used in Tutorials 13 Converting a ZIP file to a Self Extracting file 81 CRC 167 168 Create a Temporary ZIP File On a Alternate Drive 104 Customer Support Form 8 174 D Date and Time Environment Variables Changing 114 Date of the ZIP File 72 Default Value Changing 110 Defaults Resetting All Defaults 112 Resetting Individual Defaults 112 Resetting Original Defaults 111 Displaying a Brief View of a ZIP File 99 Displaying a Detailed View of the ZIP File 100 E Electronic Mail PKWARE 6 Entropy 160 Error and Warning Messages 141 Error Messages 141 Excluding Files From Being Compressed 58 Extended Attribute Storage 63 Extend
149. ter Command Characteristics 113 Introduction Up until this point we ve discussed PKZIP and it s commands and options in very specific syntactical terms You may find that in certain circumstances it becomes beneficial or necessary to change the syntax of PKZIP s commands and or options Please keep in mind that these modifications are only useful in very specific situations and should only be made by those who are very familiar with the operating system Changing Date and Time Environment Variables 114 Note This feature is only necessary to accommodate special formats for entering dates or times If the mmddyy date format and or the hh mm time format is acceptable you do not have to use this option locale OS 2 By default PKZIP uses a 12 hour time format and MMDDYY date format when archiving files For some systems it may be necessary to change the defined system locale environment variable that defines valid formats for entering dates With PKZIP you can change this variable in the Configuration file or while compressing files To change this variable use the locale option followed by the country For example to specify Germany as the default locale variable in the Configuration file type the following and press ENTER pkzip25 config locale germany You may also specify a locale variable while creating or updating a ZIP file The following is an example of such a command pkzip25 add locale germ
150. ter the listed Compression item If you wish to change the default compression level you can do so by using the configuration option with the level option For example to set your default compression level to 9 Maximum Compression enter the following pkzip25 config level 9 For more information on changing your default settings see Chapter 6 Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File on page 107 Specifying a Compression Level by Option speed fast maximum store normal To change the compression level you can just type a word that represents a compression level This allows you to include a more descriptive word in your command instead of an arbitrary number as highlighted in the previous method However keep in mind that using these options offers only five levels of compression instead of ten 74 Compressing Files The available options are listed in the following table For example For the fastest level pkzip25 add speed test zip doc of compression level 1 For the second pkzip25 add fast test zip doc fastest level of compression level 2 For the highest level of pkzip25 add max test zip doc compression level 9 For no compression pkzip25 add store test zip doc just store files inside the ZIP file level 0 normal For normal pkzip25 add norm test zip doc compression best Default balance of Note You would only need to use this option compression and if y
151. test zip into a self extracting file called test exe enter the following on your command line pkzip25 sfx test zip Compressing Files 81 If you use the sfx option in this fashion you will not be able to rename the file PKZIP will take the original file name and only change the file extension from ZIP to exe However if you wish to specify a file name for the converted self extracting file you can use the namesfx option to do so For example if you wish to convert a file called test zip into a self extracting file called test123 exe enter the following on your command line pkzip25 sfx namesfx test123 exe test zip Note It is important to include the exe extension with the new file name Compressing Files to Diskette DOS 82 With PKZIP you can save your ZIP file or self extracting file to a diskette while you create it instead of saving it on your hard disk drive Depending on the size of the ZIP file it may be necessary for PKZIP to save the file on multiple diskettes This process is called spanning PKZIP automatically handles spanning by prompting you for an extra diskette or other medium To compress files to diskette 1 Insert a diskette or other appropriate medium into your disk drive 2 Type your PKZIP command and press ENTER Make sure to specify the drive letter or path that corresponds to your destination drive A sample command line appears below pkzip25 add a test zip doc Note B
152. tion Settings file see Chapter 6 Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File on page 107 Compressing New and Modified Files add update PKZIP allows you to specify that only new or modified files are added to an existing ZIP archive When the update sub option is used in conjunction with a pkzip25 command the files specified for archiving will be compared against the files already present in the ZIP file If the file s to be added into the ZIP file is already present and is not newer PKZIP will not re compress the file By using this option you may save yourself time when archiving files that are backed up repeatedly This option differs from the behavior of the freshen option in that files which are not already present in the ZIP file will be added To compress only updated files or files not already archived in a specific ZIP file use the update sub option with the add option as shown below pkzip25 add update test zip doc In this example a ZIP file called test zip is created in the current directory All files in the current directory matching the file specification doc will be added or updated into the test zip archive 46 Compressing Files Compressing Only Files That Have Changed add freshen The freshen value allows you to selectively update files archived in a ZIP file PKZIP will compress only files that exist in the ZIP file and that have changed To update files that have changed use the fres
153. tories The directories option works with both the add and extract commands When used with the add command the directories option is equivalent to using both the recurse and path options together The directories option instructs PKZIP to search subdirectories for files and save the files with their directory path information in the ZIP file When used with the extract command the directories option extracts the files while preserving the directory tree structure and file location The following example illustrates compression operations using the add command with the directories option The command line that follows will compress a file called resume doc into a file called test zip resume doc for the purposes of this example resides in the temp directory pkzip25 add directories test zip resume doc The screen output will look similar to the following PKZIP R Version 2 50 FAST Compression Utility Copyright 1989 1997 PKWARE Inc All Rights Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Creating ZIP test zip Adding File temp resume doc Deflating 69 3 done As you can see from the Adding File line above the current path to the file resume doc is listed temp resume doc For information on extracting files compressed with directory information see the Retaining Directory Structure while Extracting section on page 92 Note UNIX users should utilize the include option or place quotation
154. ts Reserved Registered Version PKZIP Reg U S Pat and Tm Off Patent No 5 051 745 Extracting files from ZIP test zip Inflating blue fil Inflating green doc 3 To confirm that the files were extracted type one of the following commands and press ENTER gt From a UNIX based command prompt type Is l A listing similar to the following appears rw rw rw 1 user pkware 1311 June 30 2 50 blue fil rw rw rw 1 user pkware 131 June 30 2 50 green doc rw r r 1 user pkware 24360 June 30 3 30 test zip gt From a DOS based command prompt type dir A listing similar to the following appears lt DIR gt 06 30 97 4 00a m lt DIR gt 06 30 97 4 00a TEST ZIP 15 422 06 30 97 3 30a test zip GREEN DOC 4 185 06 30 97 2 50a green doc BLUE FIL 591 06 30 97 2 50a blue fil 3 file s 20 198 bytes 2 dir s 88 788 992 bytes free Extracting All Files From a ZIP File You can extract all of the files from your ZIP file When you extract specific files as before you must specify those files or file pattern When you extract all files you only have to type the name of the ZIP file with the extract command You can also however use the convention for specifying all files The Basics 31 32 Tutorial K Extract all the files from the test zip file into the ext directory Follow these steps 1 Verify that you are in the ext directory 2 To extract all files from the test zip file type the following and
155. ue all compress new files and all existing files freshen compress only files that exist in the ZIP and that have changed update compress new and update existing files incremental compress only files that have the archive attribute on and subsequently turns off the archive attribute DOS OS 2 incremental compress only files that have the archive attribute on and does not turn off the archive attribute DOS default all any date in format specified in Country Settings or the locale option e g the US date format is mmddyy mmddyyyy no default value Appendix A PKZIP Example usage Used with pkzip25 add 204 save zip pkzip25 add save zip doc stand alone pkzip25 add freshen save zip doc pkzip25 add increm save zip doc pkzip25 add increm save zip doc add extract delete test view for compression pkzip25 add aft 091595 save zip doc for extraction pkzip25 ext after 091595 save zip doc Options A Quick Reference Appendix A PKZIP Options A Quick Reference 121 Name Description NEVI Example usage Used with H hidden compress pkzip25 add attr system hidden attri butes hidden files save zip stores files with the specified file attribute information in the ZIP file system compress system files readonly compress configurable read only files DOS OS 2 all compress all types of files none don
156. uld extract the entire contents of the temp subdirectory easily pkzip25 extract directories test zip temp If we did it as shown above we would not only extract all the files in the temp subdirectory but also the tut subdirectory below it and any files it contains To extract only the temp subdirectories contents and nothing else we must exclude those directories we do not wish to extract pkzip25 extract directories test zip temp exclude temp tut If the temp subdirectory had multiple subdirectories nested in it you would need to exclude each one individually on the command line Appendix C Frequently Asked Questions What is AV AV is short for Authenticity Verification AV is a process whereby a copy of PKZIP has unique codes and information contained in it identifying the owner of the copy of PKZIP This information is then encoded into a ZIP file when it is created When the file is extracted by PKZIP this information is checked If the ZIP file has been modified by a copy of PKZIP other than the one that initially created it PKZIP will report that the file has been tampered with The advantage of this feature is to offer a layer of protection between the creator of an archive and the recipient The recipient knows that the file received is the file that was sent as well as being able to identify the creator if it is not known Note PKZIP can only authenticate AV information encoded by other versi
157. utput PKZIP is using compression level 2 Also note that we supplied the comment this is my header at the Zip Header prompt Commands and Options That Contain Values Some commands and options contain specific values or sub options that further qualify a compression or extraction operation For example PKZIP contains an option called evel that allows you to specify the level of compression and speed you want to use The sub option or value would equal any digit from O through 9 with 0 being no compression at the fastest speed and 9 being the most compression at the slowest speed When you include a value with a command or option the value is separated from the option with an equal sign For example if you wished to specify minimum compression while emphasizing maximum speed you could use the following option and sub option level 1 An example of a command that uses values is the add command For example you can compress only files that exist in the ZIP file and that have changed since the last time you compressed them This value is called freshen and you include it with your add command as follows add freshen Some commands and options contain more than one value from which to choose They also contain default values which are listed via a PKZIP option called configuration For information on values and defaults refer to Chapter 6 Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File on page 107 For complete information
158. with a txt extension that exist in the test zip are displayed on the monitor Since many ZIP files contain an information document e g readme txt the console option is a good way to determine the contents of a ZIP file without requiring you to extract a file or file s to your hard drive Extracting Files with a LIST File 94 The file format of a LIST file used to extract or exclude certain files is somewhat different than the format used to include files When compressing files the LIST file needs to be in a format that the operating system can understand For example in DOS based command lines it may be necessary to specify a drive letter when compressing files By contrast when extracting or excluding files a drive letter is not necessary and therefore cannot be used in LIST files A LIST file may contain wild card specifications as well as exact file names and paths An example of a LIST file used in extract operations follows exe doc temp readme doc temp 7 text news txt Using the character in your command line you can point to the LIST file We ll assume that the LIST file is called Ist txt and is located in your current directory An example of such a command line follows pkzip25 extract test zip lst txt In the example above PKZIP extracts files from test zip using file information it retrieves from a file called Ist txt located in the current directory It is important that the file for
159. xample pkzip25 add attributes hid test zip pkzip25 add attributes sys test zip pkzip25 add attributes read test zip pkzip25 add attributes all test zip pkzip25 config attributes none 61 Compressing Files Based on File Type UNIX filetype PKZIP allows you to process files based on a specific file type Use the filetype option with the following sub options to process specific file types Sub Option E For example Include exclude hidden files This pkzip25 add filetype hid test zip would include filenames that have a dot in the first position of the filename e g profile Include exlude pipe files This would pkzip25 extract filetype pipe include files with a mode that begins test zip with a p e g prwxr xr x Include exclude symbolically linked pkzip25 add filetype slink test zip files This would include files with a mode that begins with a I e g Irwxr xr x Include exclude hard linked files pkzip25 extract filetype hlink Hard linked files have a link count test zip greater than one Exclude all file types except for those pkzip25 config filetype none slink specified on the command line The none option is typically followed by one or more file types Only the specified types are included in the ZIP file For example filetype none pipe results in only PIPE files being included Include exclude all file types pkzip25 add filetype all test zip Inc
160. y cases a value or suboption in addition to the command e g extract all If the text under the heading is the command followed by an equal sign and another word it means that the other word is a value sub option that goes with the command Default Values for Commands and Options For each extraction task in this chapter the command or option that represents that task contains a default value A default value represents the action that occurs when only the name of the command or option is included in your PKZIP command For example the default for the extract command is to unzip or uncompress all files in an archive For commands and options that contain defaults these defaults are stored in the PKZIP Configuration Options file You can change defaults by editing this file with PKZIP Refer to Chapter 6 Changing Defaults Using the Configuration File on page 107 for more information 84 Extracting Files Extracting New and Existing Files When you extract files from a ZIP file you can select those files you wish to extract and those you do not If the directory into which you extract the files contains files that have the same name as those being extracted you have to decide if you want to overwrite those files PKZIP provides several methods that allow you to determine which files to extract You can extract e All files in a ZIP file e Files that are newer than files with the same name in the extract directory a
161. yyyy This order in which you type the month day and year depends on your locale setting For more information on the locale setting see Chapter 7 Command Characteristics on page 114 Including Files That Match a Pattern include PKZIP allows you to add or extract files that match a specific pattern for example all files that end in the doc extension To extract files that match a pattern simply include the pattern after the extract command as in the following example pkzip25 extract test zip doc You have the option of specifying a default file pattern setting in your PKZIP Configuration file If for example you want to automatically include all files with the extension of doc in PKZIP compress and extract operations enter the following pkzip25 config include doc When you use the include option with the configuration command PKZIP prompts you to configure the include default for add and or extract operations The doc file pattern will henceforth be included by default in compress and or extract operations If you set up a default pattern in your Configuration file but want to specify a different pattern for this instance only for example extract all files that end in txt use the include option followed by an equal sign then the file pattern as in the example below pkzip25 extract include txt test zip Extracting Files 89 If you don t set a default for include in the Configuration file y

PKZIP® 2.50 Command Line User`s Manual

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PKZIP® 2.50 Command Line User`s Manual