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the ISOD Toolbox installation and user manual

1. 1658 67 1 2737 5 5 30 0105 98 E 1 273745 S 30 0105 98 E 67 4 9 COPERNICUS GLOBAL LAND SERVICE SWI To import the Soil Water Index product from the Copernicus Global Land Service first Open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration gt Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called GEOLAND For the Folder item under GEOLAND specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings Move to the working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again Note that given the registration no anonymous access is provided You have to download the data first using your own registration specifications from http land copernicus eu global g index html Here as example a SWI file is retrieved called g2 BIOPAR SWI 201302090000 GLOBE ASCAT V2 0 0 zip and has been copied into the folder CAGEOLAND SWI data From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Copernicus Global Land Service gt Global daily SWI v2 sub menu Note that the routine expects a yyyymmdd date input therefore specify the following time stamp 20130209 Check once more the output folder and press Import Open the maplist swi 20130209 and display the map swi 001 20130209 using a Pseudo Representation
2. Ga rfe_2010sum MapMaplistStatistics rfe_2010 mpl Sum 0 35 ILWIS ioj xl File Edit Layers Options Help EYQ x 8 amp amp n Gc il 67401760 gnc_out coun 500 0000 E 1000 0000 Bj 1500 0000 E 2000 0000 4 3 MOD 16 GLOBAL ET AND PET 31 209 36 57 22 3 N 0 4933 60 E 36 57 22 32 N 0 4933 60 E 7 Open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration gt Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called MOD16 ET For the Folder items under MOD16 ET specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings Move to the working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the MOD16 ET gt Global monthly ET 2000 2012 sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified Enter a 58 suitable date string here as example 201204 is used to process the data from April 2012 Press Import Upon completion of the import display the map MOD16 ET 201204 and as Representation use Pseudo Add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed and inspect the map values Note the ET is given in mm month The spatial resolution
3. NIR RED where NIR is the near infrared reflectance and RED is the visible red reflectance This vegetation product is calculated from MODIS L1B Terra surface reflectances corrected for molecular scattering ozone absorption and aerosols source http earlywarning usgs gov fews africa index php The NDVI and NDVI Anomaly maps are the product of a temporally smoothed 250m NDVI data set A time series smoothing technique developed by Swets and others 1999 was used to smooth NDVI composites for the years 2001 through 2010 The technique uses a weighted least squares linear regression approach to correct observations that are of poor quality due to clouds or other atmospheric contamination This smoothed time series was used to derive a 10 year mean NDVI ona pixel by pixel basis for each of the 72 composite periods per year As current year composites become available they are added to the time series and smoothed resulting in a smoothed composite comparable to the historical mean for a given 10 day period Relevant references are e Swets D L Reed B C Rowland J D amp Marko S E 1999 A weighted least squares approach temporal NDVI smoothing In 1999 ASPRS Annual Conference From Image to Information Portland Oregon May 17 21 Proceedings Bethesda Maryland American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing The following products can be retrieved e Temporally Smoothed NDVI Smoothed 10 day NDVI compos
4. 24 3 3 1 CPC Gauge Based Analysis of Global Daily Precipitation scenes 24 Scal elzisl ert REC c 25 cMEelo smm 26 3 3 4 TRMM MERGED HQ INFRARED PRECIPITATION ccccccccceccccecceeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeceeeeeeseeeeeeseeeeaensess 26 3 3 5 GWADI PERSIANN Global c0 cccccccccccccscccsseeccsssecsescecesesesseeecueeseaseseueeessaueseaeeseneeeesnes 27 3 3 6 CHIRPS Global cccccsccscscsseessessesscesusseeuessseeseseeuesecuessaeaseeeusseusasseasenseueseuseneaass 28 3 3 JRC MARS Global o eccecccccccccccccccssesceseseccesecceeeeceuesscueeseasesecsueeseaeesesesessaueseaeeseseeeesaes 28 3 3 8 Latest 24 hour MPE from EUMETSAT cccccccccceceeeeccccesecseueeeseceeeeeeeseeeeeeeaeeeeeeeseeaeaeeeees 28 3 3 9 FEWSNET RAINFALL AND CLIMATOLOGY FOR AFRICA Q cccccceeeseeeeceeeeeceeeeseeeeueeseeseeueeeneess 28 3 3 10 TAMSAT Rainfall archive for Africa eeesssssseeeeeeeeeen een nemen es 29 3 311 Goncluding remark con re epe canaacindatpecsninecnadeensdsidaiamiddaacdsaddipedecioetuacers 29 3 4 FEWSNET Global Potential Evapotranspiration eee 30 3 5 MOD16 Global PET and ET esee eene nnne ar ran nana 30 3 6 FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI for Africa serere nnn 31 3 6 1 FEWSNET NOAA DERIVED NDVI FOR AFRICA ecce eene n
5. Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global Rainfal gt QMORPH Global gt QMORPH 8 km 30 min sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified Enter a suitable date which is more recent than one week as the data is extracted from a rolling archive of about two weeks Upon completion of the import two files are available the qgmorph8km30min_yyyymmadhhlater map represents the next half hour after the time stamp and the qmorph8kmS0min yyyymmddhhbefore is the previous half hour precipitation with regard to the time stamp The unit is in mm hr Display both maps using as Representation mpe single add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values 4 2 8 3 TRMM To import the daily global precipitation data select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global Rainfall gt TRMM Global gt TRMM 0 25 degree daily sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified As Date stamp select 20121001 and press Import For the specified day the 24 hour precipitation map is imported Display this map trmm 20121001 using as Representation mpe sum add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and use pixel information to inspect the values Note the regions between 50 6
6. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission SST Sea Surface Temperature TAF Terminal Aerodrome Forecast TAMSAT Tropical Applications of Meteorology using Satellite data and ground based observations USAF United States Air Force 2 Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission Universal Time Coordinated Extensible Markup Language RELEASE NOTES Following comments have to be taken into consideration with respect to the release of this ISOD Toolbox XML version 1 4 1 This is the third release and utmost care was taken to ensure appropriate operation of the routines developed but at this stage some defects might still be included and should be reported to the corresponding author to be included in a new release For the release of this toolbox version all data sources used have been checked For some data sources the data format or naming conventions have changed It was also noted some data has been re processed Furthermore Internet has a transient nature some links might not be active after some time If any of such a problems are encountered please report these to the corresponding author No liability can be accepted for use of the ISOD Toolbox by the toolbox developers When using ILWIS 3 8 Open or higher some functionality has changed and is not downwards compatible When not familiar with ILWIS it is advised to use ILWIS 372 for the purpose of learnin
7. gt Folders gt Special locations if the IrfanView directory and j view executable is correctly specified see also chapter 2 4 In the Configuration gt Folders subsequently select MET UK Ensure that the drive output directory settings are correctly specified as well Use the ILWIS navigator to move to the drive directory specified From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Web Mapping Services Surface Pressure Forecast Europe gt UK MET Office surface pressure T 0 to 84 hour T 84 forecast note the output driveAdirectory and press Import An animation is showing the pressure forecast 78 Note that if the slide advancement is not appropriate open an instance of IrfanView yourself From the menu select File gt Slideshow Modify the timing of the Slide advancement specify for Automatic after 1 00 seconds and activate the option Play in full screen mode current monitor Close IrfanView and start the retrieval procedure once more You can also modify other settings in IrfanView according to your preferences For further assistance using IrfanView consult the Help function from the menu of the software 4 10 4 Current Position of the Africa ITF From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Web Mapping Services Current Position of the Africa ITF gt Latest Current Position of the ITF ITCZ NOAA and press mport To terminate
8. Dickinson Land surface In K E Trenberth editor Climate System Modeling pages 149 171 Cambridge Univ Press 1992 The SSM is expressed as volumetric soil moisture volume of water in relation to total volume soil volume water volume air space 3 14 AMESD SADC THEMA ONLINE PRODUCTS The AMESD program addresses the need for improved environmental monitoring towards sustainable management of natural resources in five regions of sub Saharan Africa namely CEMAC ECOWAS IGAD IOC and SADC Regional Economic communities RECs The program is implemented under the coordination of the African Union Commission with the support of the European Union In the SADC region the theme is Agricultural and Environmental Resource Management The SADC thematic action is developing three information services namely Agriculture Drought and Fire in order to address the already prioritized decision needs for the SADC region The Agricultural Service monitors the state of the crops and rangeland The Drought Service monitors drought during the whole year and provide drought outlooks The Fire Service provides a daily fire risk indication detection and follow up of active fires in real time and burnt area assessments during the fire season As from July 2011 environmental data relevant for agricultural drought and fire analysis from the SADC region are operationally produced and disseminated to the global user community using GEONETCast A separate too
9. Heights MSLP Relative Vorticity SST etc using a NWP Model available at http www cpc ncep noaa gov products african desk cpc intl The Global Forecast System GFS is a weather forecast model produced by the National Centres for Environmental Prediction NCEP Dozens of atmospheric and land soil variables are available through this dataset from temperatures winds and precipitation to soil moisture and atmospheric ozone concentration The entire globe is covered by the GFS at a base horizontal resolution of 18 miles 28 kilometres between grid points which is used by the operational forecasters who predict weather out to 16 days in the future Horizontal resolution drops to 44 miles 70 kilometres between grid point for forecasts between one week and two weeks The GFS model is a coupled model composed of four separate models an atmosphere model an ocean model a land soil model and a sea ice model which work together to provide an accurate picture of weather conditions source http www ncdc noaa gov data access model data model datasets global forcast system gfs 3 16 6 NASA POWER Agroclimatology NASA through its Earth science research program has long supported satellite systems and research providing data important to the study of climate and climate processes These data include long term estimates of meteorological quantities and surface solar energy fluxes These satellite and modelled based products have also bee
10. Land Data Assimilation System Web Mapping Services added visualization of data from the ECMWF using Panoply and NOAA CPC SST and SST anomaly animations July 2014 87
11. MARS Global Use the Glue Maps procedure available from Operations in the ILWIS main menu and the Raster Operations sub menu Note that when using the menu the glue maps operation has to be done twice as only 4 input maps are supported from the ILWIS command line up to 10 raster maps can be combined at once When importing multiple time steps of the same variable for the same region note that the time step can also be changed in the ILWIS command line and the routine can be executed by pressing enter see also chapter 2 7 4 11 NASA GLOBAL OCEAN DATA Open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration gt Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called Ocean For the Folder item under NASA Ocean specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings Move to the working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again From the SOD gt Toolbox main menu select the options NASA Global Ocean Data gt Ocean SST gt ModisT SST daily Note that the routine expects a year Julian date input e g specify for 31 January 2010 the following time stamp 2010031 Check the output folder and press Import After the import has been completed display the new map created sst T2010031 use as Representation ss an
12. Representation and press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the positive and negative map values To import historical eMODIS NDVI images from the SOD Toolbox main menu select the FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI Africa gt eMODIS NDVI historical data 2001 201 1 gt East Africa Monthly NDVI sub menu You can also select another African window In either case only the Date field and the Output Directory needs to be specified Enter a suitable Date string m month here as example 022007 is used to retrieve the eMODIS historical NDVI data from February 2001 Note that the whole procedure can take quite some time depending on your internet bandwidth as each of the four windows cover an extensive area and having a spatial resolution of 250 meter pixel the files have considerable volume Furthermore 6 files per month are being processed covering the dekades defined by the eMODIS team Note once more that the even periods are from 01 10 11 20 and 21 till the end of the month The odd periods are from 26 of the previous month to 5 of the current month 6 15 and 16 25 etc Upon retrieval of the file a looping procedure is started which imports all the dekadal NDVI data of the selected month When the import has been completed refresh the catalogue from the main ILWIS menu select Window and Refresh open the map emodis ea nd
13. Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks Journal of Applied Meteorology 36 9 1176 1190 1997 e Sorooshian S K Hsu X Gao H V Gupta B Imam and Dan Braithwaite Evaluation of PERSIANN System Satellite Based Estimates of Tropical Rainfall Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 81 9 2035 2046 2000 27 3 3 6 CHIRPS Global Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data CHIRPS is a 30 year quasi global rainfall dataset Spanning 50 S 50 N and all longitudes starting in 1981 to near present CHIRPS incorporates 0 05 resolution satellite imagery with in situ station data to create gridded rainfall time series for trend analysis and seasonal drought monitoring As of May 1st 2014 version 1 8 of CHIRPS is complete and available source http chg geog ucsb edu data chirps Data is retrieved from ftp chg ftpout geog ucsb edu pub org chg products CHIRP and is available in pentad and monthly temporal intervals Each pentad is consisting of 5 days 6 pentads per month More detailed information can be obtained from USGS e Funk C C Peterson P J Landsfeld M F Pedreros D H Verdin J P Rowland J D Romero B E Husak G J Michaelsen J C and Verdin A P 2014 A quasi global precipitation time series for drought monitoring U S Geological Survey Data Series 832 4 p http dx doi org 110 3133 ds832 Available at http oubs usgs gov ds 832 pdf ds832 pdf 3
14. This command displays sets or removes Windows Environment Variables When starting this import operation for the Date field the appropriate NDVI map date should be entered here defined as perperyyyy see also line 6 and 7 per period Two digits are needed to define the period from 01 up to 72 As the period stamp in the archive for the first 9 periods per year only uses one digit from 1 up to 9 for the periods 01 up to 09 the zero value 0 is removed in lines 12 to 15 and passed as a parameter called mnthtif For the year only the last two digits are retained and passed as shortfilename3 in lines 16 to 19 The result of this operation is that when entering a string like 022012 it is modified into a string 212 which is needed to correctly recompose the filename in the archive see also line 6 From lines 20 to 26 the other parameters are passed originating from the IL WIS script to the batch file Once all these parameters are known the actual import routine can start Lines 27 to 29 ensure that the application moves to the appropriate output directory Line 30 displays the selected output directory in the command line window see figure 2 5 The items echo in lines 31 and 32 creates two empty lines in the command line window Once in the output directory line 33 starts the Wget utility which retrieves the requested input data from the specified internet location using the appropriate file name partially derived from
15. This layer represents the T 1 characteristic time length layer Add to this map the vector layer showing the country boundaries and use the option boundaries only for display of this vector layer Now from the main ILWIS menu select Operations gt Statistics gt MapList gt MapList Graph In the maplist graph window select as MapList swi 20130209 use a fixed stretch of 0 to 100 activate the options Continuous and Always on top Activate the map window showing the previously opened map layer swi 001 20130209 Browse with the mouse cursor over the map Note the soil water index values in the graph window the X axis shows the characteristic time length layers T 1 for layer 1 up to the last layer 8 for T 100 and on the Y Axis the soil water index in 96 for the respective pixel See also figure 4 9 1 For an interpretation of T consult the product user manual from the Service provider Most other products are also disseminated through GEONETCast Use can be made of the GEONETCast Toolbox for further pre processing 4 10 JRC IES MARS DEKADAL GLOBAL METEO DATA Open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration gt Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called JRC For the Folder item under JRC_IES specify the appropriate directory and press Save
16. appropriate string generated through the graphical user interface modify the time stamp and execute the expression again by pressing lt Enter gt It is advised however to copy the command line string that is generated through the graphical user interface available from the command line in the main menu of ILWIS to the WINDOWS command line processor CMD exe Delete the from the start of the string and execute the expression Within the string the date stamp can be easily modified Eventually this line can be copied into a new text file and the file can be given an extension bat This file can then be executed from the DOS Command prompt as well With multiple lines in such a batch file only having different Date stamps time series can be created very efficiently Additional information on how to conduct these procedures is described in the GEONETCast DevCoCast Application Manual online available at http www itc nl Pub WRS WRS GEONETCast Application manual html Also within this document an example demonstrating automated data retrieval and processing is presented see chapter 4 2 4 2 8 CONCLUDING REMARK With all the configuration settings provided you are now ready to utilize the ISOD Toolbox and explore the data that is freely available from the Internet The main objective of this toolbox is to integrate these resources in an efficient manner into the Geographic Information System ILWIS With the other too
17. daily radiation sum wind speed and temperature and rainfall mm A number of pre processing steps were developed in the MARS project to prepare the data as input to the crop models For instance x hourly data are aggregated to daily time steps and a downscaling method was developed consisting of an inverse distance weight interpolation IDW from the 0 75 degree ERA INTERIM grid to the 0 25 degree OPE grid and of a bias correction between the IDW interpolated ERA INTERIM model and the OPE model not applied to rainfall The dataset has a global coverage and the time series is from 1989 onwards but from April 2014 there is currently an interruption of the service reported Temporal resolution is daily although only the dekadal product is presently distributed by JRC The spatial resolution 0 25 degrees http marswiki jrc ec europa eu datadownload index php and http spirits jrc ec europa eu Dekadal format expected by the routine is yyyymmdekdek e g 20101201 for the first dekadal of December 2010 3 12 NASA GLOBAL OCEAN DATA The following routines are developed to extract the data from the ocean data archive at NASA SST sea surface temperature SSTN night time sea surface temperature temperature in degree C and Chlor a chlorophyll a concentration mg m Other data ocean sets are available from there as well also using other sensors The link to the online archive is http oceandata sci gsfc nasa gov The Level 3 Standa
18. gt eMODIS NDVI and anomaly from 012010 to 1 month before present gt East Africa Temporally Smoothed NDVI sub menu You can also select another African window In either case only the Date field and the Output Directory needs to be specified Enter a suitable Date string per period here as example 022012 is used to retrieve the eMODIS NDVI data from the second period of 2012 from 1 10 January Note that the whole procedure can take quite some time depending on your internet bandwidth as each of the four windows cover an extensive area and having a spatial resolution of 250 meter pixel the files have considerable volume When the import has been completed refresh the catalogue from the main ILWIS menu select Window and Refresh open the map emodis ea ndvi201202 using a NDVI1 Representation and press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values To import a recent eMODIS Mean Anomaly map from the SOD Toolbox main menu select the FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI Africa gt eMODIS NDVI and anomaly from 012010 to 1 month before present gt East Africa gt Mean Anomaly sub menu You can also select another 61 African window In either case only the Date field and the Output Directory needs to be specified Enter a suitable Date string per period here as example also 022012 is used to re
19. is 3 minutes 0 05 degree or 5600 mtr at the equator Now from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the MOD16 ET gt 8 Day ET and PET at 1 km 2000 2012 sub menu Also here the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified Enter a suitable date string here as example 2012025 Julian Day is used to process the data from 25 January 2012 Note for the time stamp you have to use multiples of 8 A Julian day stamp of 1 represents the accumulation period from 01 to 08 January The date stamp of 025 represents the time from 25 January to 01 February Note whether you are dealing with a leap year Press Import Subsequently a new pop up menu appears enter the suitable upper left latitude longitude coordinate pair in 10 degree intervals and press OK Here as example for longitude 0 and latitude 60 is used to retrieve the window over Western Europe Inspect the command line window for further information as well Upon completion of the import display the map MOD16A2 A2012025 h18v03 ET 1km and as Representation use Pseudo Add to this map window the map MOD16A2 A2012025 h18v03 PET tkm and also use as Representation Pseudo Subsequently add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only Now use Pixel Information to inspect the ET and PET values Note the values are given in mm 8 day The projection is still Sinusoidal If your vector layer has as coordinate
20. is made of IrfanView Download the setup executable and save it in a temporary directory on your hard disk After the download has been completed run the setup there is no need to create shortcuts use the option For all users and select the default Installation folder Click Next three times just use the default settings Don t install Google Desktop Search click Next two times and after the installation has been completed press Done An instance of IrfanView can be started to check if the installation has been successful the program can be stopped 1 6 DOWNLOAD NOTEPAD Available from http notepad plus plus org download Download the Notepad 7z package and store it in a temporary directory Unzip the file npp bin 7Z Rename the sub directory which is created during unzipping called unicode into 10 npp Copy this sub directory into the ILWIS sub directory Extensions ISOD Toolbox util Notepad is used for visualization of some of the meta data 1 7 DOWNLOAD PANOPLY Available from http www giss nasa gov tools panoply Currently data retrieved from ECMWF are visualized using Panoply developed by Robert B Schmunk NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies The Panoply package for Windows comes as a zipped archive Manually extract this archive in the ILWIS sub directory Extensions ISOD Toolbox util Panoply This sub directory after decompression should include t
21. meta data the GRIB file first has to be imported Relevant references are e Berg A A J S Famiglietti J P Walker and P R Houser 2003 Impact of bias correction to reanalysis products on simulations of North American soil moisture and hydrological fluxes J of Geo Res 108 D16 4490 e Derber J C D F Parrish and S J Lord 1991 The new global operational analysis system at the National Meteorological Center Weather Forecasting 6 538 547 e Kumar S V C D Peters Lidard Y Tian P R Houser J Geiger S Olden L Lighty J L Eastman B Doty P Dirmeyer J Adams K Mitchell E F Wood and J Sheffield 2006 Land Information System An interoperable framework for high resolution land surface modeling Environ Modeling and Software 21 1402 1415 39 e Rodell M and P R Houser 2004 Updating a land surface model with MODIS derived snow cover J Hydromet 5 6 1064 1075 e Rodell M P R Houser U Jambor J Gottschalck K Mitchell C J Meng K Arsenault B Cosgrove J Radakovich M Bosilovich J K Entin J P Walker D Lohmann and D Toll 2004 The Global Land Data Assimilation System Bull Amer Meteor Soc 85 3 381 394 Next to the GLDAS NOAH model data the Level 3 gridded data set s land surface parameters surface soil moisture land surface skin temperature and vegetation water content derived from passive microwave sensor of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring M
22. source and attributes of all the input elevation data used to derive the output products Many of these products will be suitable for various regional and continental applications such as climate modeling continental scale land cover mapping extraction of drainage features for hydrologic modeling and geometric and radiometric correction of medium and coarse resolution satellite image data The global aggregated vertical accuracy of GMTED2010 can be summarized in terms of the resolution and RMSE of the products with respect to a global set of control points estimated global accuracy of 6 m RMSE provided by NGA At 30 arc seconds the GMTED2010 RMSE range is between 25 and 42 meters at 15 arc seconds the RMSE range is between 29 and 32 meters and at 7 5 arc seconds the RMSE range is between 26 and 30 meters GMTED2010 is a major improvement in consistency and vertical accuracy over GTOPO30 which has a 66 m RMSE globally compared to the same NGA control points In areas where new sources of higher resolution data were available the GMTED2010 products are substantially better than the aggregated global statistics however large areas still exist particularly above 60 degrees North latitude that lack good elevation data As new data become available especially in areas that have poor coverage in the current model it is hoped that new versions of GMTED2010 might be generated and thus gradually improve the global model source http pubs usgs gov o
23. 15 Line 1 provides the link to the plug in and the menu name note that this is also the last line of the XML Line 2 provides the opportunity to indicate a version number useful if modifications are done to the original XML The version number is also shown in the main ISOD Toolbox menu in the lower left hand corner The Finder is a utility under development allowing a search using keywords The Ulinfo Icon in line 3 refers to the toolbox logo used in the ILWIS Operation Tree the menu provides the name the indicates that the menu consists of two levels and the heading used in the toolbox user interface is defined by the title In Line 4 the path defines the location of the toolbox in ILWIS and the inifile here refers to the isod ini file which provides the links to the input and output directories After changes are made to the config xml the file should be saved and a new instance of the Toolbox should be started showing the adaptations Before modifying the file first make a backup 2 4 GENERAL ISOD TOOLBOX CONFIGURATION FOLDER SETTINGS For you to conveniently work with the ISOD Toolbox the local system output working directories need to be defined From the main ISOD Toolbox menu select Configuration and the sub menu Folders In figure 2 4 below the output directory for the Global Multi resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 GMTED2010 is used as example D is the local system hard
24. 3 7 JRC MARS Global The Monitoring Agricultural ResourceS MARS Unit http mars jrc ec europa eu mars is focusing on crop production agricultural activities and rural development the MARS Unit provides timely forecasts early assessments and the scientific underpinning for efficient monitoring and control Systems Data needed for this purpose is based on various ECMWE sources see also 3 11 and 3 16 8 including the ERA Interim and the OPE operational deterministic ECMWF model Long time series of dekadal rainfall from 1989 onwards at 0 25 degree spatial resolution is made available online through JRC s SPIRITS webpage http spirits jrc ec europa eu page id 184 The routine provided here is merging the various windows into a global precipitation map in mm dekad both for the Interim as well as the operational data Notre that the operational activities are currently suspended as from April 22nd 2014 the dissemination of ECMWF data is temporarily discontinued for some weeks due to a reorganization of the data acquisition and processing procedure For further information also consult the MARS Crop Yield Forecasting System wiki available at http marswiki jrc ec europa eu agri4castwiki index php Main Page 3 3 8 Latest 24 hour MPE from EUMETSAT This utility automatically extracts to a specific output directory the Multi Sensor Precipitation Estimates MPE produced by EUMETSAT made available about 1 hour after satellite
25. 4 5 1 eMODIS short term mean for 01 10 February File Edit Layers Options Help DIO X 9 ss EET Properties Bip emodis_ea_stm ES Properties 144251100 11 48228 S 47 45 22 31 E 11 48 22 80 S 47 45 22 31 E 7 63 4 6 MEASURES GLOBAL VI PRODUCTS V2 Open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration gt Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called VIP For the Folder item under Global VI specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings Move to the working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the MEaSUREs Global VI Products V2 gt Daily NDVI EVIZ sub menu Note that the routine expects a year Julian date input e g specify for 31 January 2010 the following time stamp 2010031 Check the output folder and press Import After the import has been completed can take some time as these are large files display the new map created VIPO1TNDVI 2010031 use as Representation NDVIT and press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Also display the map VIPO1EVI2 2010031 and use as Representation NDVIT and press OK Here VIPO1 in
26. 6 for further details Once more execute this operation from the toolbox menu and subsequently copy this command line to clipboard open Notepad and paste the command line string as a single line into Notepad Check from the Notepad menu gt Format gt Word Wrap off Delete the at the start of the line and add the following syntax cmd c instead The line now becomes cmd c d llwis372 Extensions ISOD toolbox toolbox_batchroutines fews_rfe2_10day bat 2010103 xx c Sat Precip d llwis372 Extensions ISOD Toolbox GDAL bin d llwis372 d llwis372 Extensions ISOD Toolbox util Now copy this modified line and paste it 2 more times Modify for the 3 lines the date stamp instead of 2010103 enter as new date stamps 2010111 2010112 and 2010113 respectively Your final results as 3 lines should look like the example below cmd c d llwis372 Extensions ISOD toolbox toolbox_batchroutines fews_rfe2_10day bat 2010111 xx c Sat Precip d llwis372 Extensions ISOD Toolbox GDAL bin d llwis372 d llwis372 Extensions ISOD Toolbox util 57 cmd c d llwis372 Extensions ISOD toolbox toolbox_batchroutines fews_rfe2_10day bat 2010112 xx c Sat Precip d llwis372 Extensions ISOD Toolbox GDAL bin d llwis372 d llwis372 Extensions ISOD Toolbox util cmd c d llwis372 Extensions ISOD toolbox toolbox_batchroutines fews_rfe2_10day bat 2010113 xx c Sat Precip d llwis372 Extensions ISOD Toolbox GDAL bin d llwis372 d llwis372 Extensions I
27. Date stamp select 20051001 and press Import For the specified day the 24 hour precipitation map is imported Add this map cmorph025d24hr 20051001 to your active map display using as Representation mpe sum and use pixel information once more to inspect the values Close the map display window 51 Finally import the non bias gauge corrected and merged daily and weekly precipitation maps Note that the weekly map represents the totalled precipitation across the week ending on the date as given by the file name From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global Rainfal gt CMORPH Global gt CMORPH 0 25 degree daily or CMORPH 0 25 degree weekly sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified As Date stamp select 20140401 and press Import Display the imported maps cmorph d20140401 and cmorph_w20140401 as Representation use mpe_sum Note that the date in the weekly file name represents the final day of the week long time period using 00 00 UTC as the starting and ending times Note that the last two routines are only used to retrieve the latest rainfall events If rainfall needs to be retrieved of previous years then the other routines can be used and the rainfall is bias gauge corrected and blended 4 2 3 2 QMORPH From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the
28. Lat N30 and Long E000 are used Check the output folder and press Import After the import has been completed display the new map created gmted300 NS30EO000 use as Representation Elevation3 add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Do not close the map windows at this moment In ILWIS a whole suite of DEM processing routines are available Open from the Operation Tree the tab DEM hyaro processing Dem Visualization As input DEM select the newly imported elevation model here gmted300_N30E000 is used The default Output Map name can be used and press OK Further information on these routines is provided under the ILWIS Help function Close the map colshadow Now add the newly created map colshadow to the map window of the gmted300_N30E000 To do this select from the active map window displaying the map gmted300_N30E000 the option Layers gt Add Layer select the map colshadow and press Ok Select the colshadow map from the left hand legend menu of the active map display window and drag the map below the map gmted300_N30E000 Double click the map layer gmted300 N30E000 and from the Map Display options menu activate the option Transparent set the transparency to 50 and press OK From the active map display window select from the menu Options gt No Zoom Use t
29. Maplist HFE clim month In the MapList window select as display option Open as Slide Show as Representation select rfe month and press Ok twice add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Note the temporal change of the rainfall patterns over Africa Repeat the procedure but now process the dekadal ARC2 rainfall maps Select from the SOD gt Toolbox main menu the Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt FEWSNET Rainfall Climatology Africa gt RFE ARC2 Climatology Africa gt RFE dekadal mean climatology sub menu In this case only Output Directory needs to be specified and press mport After the data has been retrieved and imported click with the mouse on the ILWIS catalogue and press F5 or select from the ILWIS main menu Window gt Refresh The name convention used for the output files created is rfe_clim_dekad011 to rfe clim dekad123 Now create a maplist of the 36 imported RFE mean dekadal rainfall maps and show this as an animation using the procedure as described above Display the maps using as Representation rfe dek Add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and use pixel information to inspect the values In a similar manner also the daily mean ARC2 rainfall data can be retrieved and processed Note that 365 days excluding 29 February are available when the rout
30. NOAA STAR weekly Global Vegetation E EE Point Operations E Global Elevation Data E BR Polygon Operations GMTED2010 m ib Raster Operations E SRTM Version 4 m lb Restarts amp ASTER GDEM Version 2 z 2 Eo i E Copemicus Global Land Service ei beni JRCJES MARS dekadal Global Meteo NASA Global Ocean Data Global Land Data Assimilation System AMESD SADC THEMA products LANDSAT USGS y Web Mapping Services Partial import of large Geotif Shape file a E sarpt Display Julian Day tables E Configuration Folders a i Contig XML version 1 4 Pixel Info h Create AMESD SADC CMACast DEM hydro processing Spatial Reference Operatic v M Statistics v M Table Operations Close IL WIS as you might need to install additional utilities Check if you have already installed IrfanView If this is not case use the link below and follow the additional installation instructions 1 4 DOWNLOAD JAVA Available from http www java com en download index jsp Some ISOD toolbox applications make use of JAVA If the system does not have the JAVA installed already move to the website indicated above select the Free Java Download button and install it Accept the License Agreement to start and complete the installation using default settings 1 5 DOWNLOAD IRFANVIEW Available from http www irfanview com For some data visualizations and animation that do not require import into an ILWIS data format use
31. SSM I the NOAA 15 16 17 amp 18 AMSU B and AMSR E and TMI aboard NASA s Aqua and TRMM spacecraft respectively These estimates are generated by algorithms of Ferraro 1997 for SSMI I Ferraro et al 2000 for AMSU B and Kummerow et al 2001 for TMI Note that this technique is not a precipitation estimation algorithm but a means by which estimates from existing microwave rainfall algorithms can be combined Therefore this method is extremely flexible such that any precipitation estimates from any microwave satellite source can be incorporated With regard to spatial resolution although the precipitation estimates are available on a grid with a spacing of 8 km at the equator the resolution of the individual satellite derived estimates is coarser than that more on the order of 12 x 15 km or so The finer resolution is obtained via interpolation In effect IR data are used as a means to transport the microwave derived precipitation features during periods when microwave data are not available at a location Propagation vector matrices are produced by computing spatial lag correlations on successive images of geostationary satellite IR which are then used to propagate the microwave derived precipitation estimates This process governs the movement of the precipitation features only At a given location the shape and intensity of the precipitation features in the intervening half hour periods between microwave scans are determined by per
32. and does not include local topography It is the lowest level provided and in many cases corresponds to the ground surface phenomena temperature and wind speed direction See also figure 3 11 1 for the wind speed symbols used and conversions from knots to miles hour and to meters second source http www theweatherprediction com basic conversions 42 Figure 3 11 1 Wind speed and direction symbols and wind speed conversions Wind Speed amp Direction On analysis charts and weather reporting observations wind is most commonly given in one of three units Miles per hour knots or meters per Calm second To find miles per hour multiple the knots value by 1 15 To find knots divide the miles per hour value by 1 15 5 knots xcci 1 knot 1 15 miles per hour mw 10 Knot P T 1 mile per hour 0 87 knots NM 15 Knots E 100 knots 115 mph Horthwest Wind 5 at 25 Knots hy ARNON Metric unit wind speeds are often expressed as meters per second The AN Knots conversion below shows the change from miles per hour to meters per second 65 Knots Points to direction wind is coming from 1 mi hr 1 hour 3 600 sec 1 61 km 1 mile 1000 meters 1 km 0 45 Small barbs indicate wind speed m s 1 Knot 1 15 mph 3 16 5 X CPC Global Forecasting system From NOAA s Climate Prediction Centre is providing forecasts on Weather and Climate Parameters for Africa like Precipitation Temperature Winds
33. are fixed locations within the toolbox Other parameters require user interaction such as longfilename InputDrive InputDir OutputDrive OutputDir as these change based on the user preferences These parameters can be interactively provided in the popup menu when importing an image or product see e g figure 2 3 above The Date field provides the Longfilename input and output drive and directory for the InputDrive InputDir OutputDrive and OutputDir respectively When pressing the Import button of the popup menu see again figure 2 3 an ILWIS command line is generated which is executed Using the script example above for import of an SRTM elevation tile for Long E030 and Lat S20 the following command line is generated and executed DMlwis372 Extensions ISOD Toolbox toolbox_batchroutines SRTM4_import bat E030S20 x x D working dir D llwis372 Extensions ISOD Toolbox GDAL bin D llwis372 D MIwis372 Extensions ISOD Toolbox util The parameters are now defined as follows 1 Longfilename E030820 note that this is a modification of the Date stamp 962 InputDrive x not used here 963 InputDir x not used here 964 OutputDrive D 965 OutputDir working dir 966 gdalDir C llwis372 Extensions AMESD SADC Toolbox GDAL bin 967 lIwDir C llwis372 8 UtilDir C llwis372 Extensions AMESD SADC Toolbox util Now with all parameters set the batch file SRTM4_import bat situated in the ILWIS subdirectory Extension
34. disk If the folders are correctly specified the Save button should be pressed to store the drive folder settings Figure 2 4 Setting of the output directory structure W In Situ and Online Data Toolbox ca zs amp Folders GMTED DEM ASTER DEM Cmorph CPC_gauge CPC_SST Save ECMWF FEWS_NDVI FEWS_PET FEWS_RFE GEOLAND GLDAS GLDAS_Meta Global VI GMTED_DEM GsOD GTS GWADI ITCZ Landsat 8 Large Geotif Shape Output location D working dir a MET UK MOD16_ET MPE2Google MPEdirect NASA cean NOAA chart noinput v m Config XML version 1 4 Close The isod ini file can also be edited using a text editor to change using the find and replace option e g the drive for all directory entries in the file Also the full directory settings can be specified as example a folderid of GMTED DEM is given When opening the isod ini file using a text editor an item GMTED_DEMf is given and the output folder can now be changed by providing the relevant directory names like GMTED DEM OutputFolder zD working dir There is a Special locations folder to select the location of an executable Currently the location of IrfanView and i_view32 exe or newer version needs to be specified This freeware utility is used for visualization and animation of pictures that are not transformed into an ILWIS data format Make sure that this fo
35. display the newly created map MARS int rain global20100101 using as Representation Pseudo Add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and use pixel information to inspect the values To import the data from the JRC MARS Operational dekadal precipitation data select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the item Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global Rainfall gt JRC MARS Global gt MARS operational dekadal sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified As Date stamp specify also 201001017 and press Import After the import has been completed display the newly created map MARS ope rain global20100101 using as Representation Pseudo Add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and use pixel information to inspect the values Compare both rainfall maps and note the difference with respect to the clipping of the land Also closely inspect the rainfall values for the same locations on both maps Close them when ready 4 2 3 7 MPE Select ISOD gt Toolbox gt Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Latest 24 hr MPE from EUMETSAT gt MPE MSG based Note the output directory and press Import The latest 96 rainfall products are retrieved from the EUMETSAT website and are imported in IL WIS The files are retrieved from an online EUMETSAT website located at http oiswww eumetsat or
36. from Multi Satellite Observations J Hydrometeor 2 1 36 50 3 3 5 GWADI PERSIANN Global This bias corrected PERSIANN Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks precipitation product maintains total monthly precipitation estimates consistent with GPCP Global Precipitation Climatology Project product The released data set retains the spatial and temporal features of precipitation estimates provided by the original PERSIANN algorithm at 0 25 degree spatial and 3 as well as 6 hourly temporal resolution Data is provided covering a monthly period from March 2000 onwards Currently for the 3 hourly monthly product up to April 2012 and for the 6 hourly product up to November 2012 The current availability can be obtained from ftp persiann eng uci edu pub PERSIANN and subsequently navigate to the sub directory tar_3hr or tar_6hr PERSIANN precipitation estimation relies on cloud texture information from longwave infrared images 10 2 11 2 um obtained from geostationary satellites and updated using the higher quality rainfall estimates from low orbit passive microwave sensors Hsu et al 2007 Soroosh et al 2000 To reduce bias while preserving spatial and temporal patterns in high resolution PERSIANN precipitation is adjusted based on GPCP rainfall Version 2 1 at 2 5 monthly resolution Adler et al 2003 Huffman et al 2009 Before applying bias adjustment missing da
37. from a Julian day stamp for normal and leap years tables are included for quick reference Note for the year selected if it is a normal year or leap year and display the table For each calendar day the corresponding Julian day is given 44 4 PRACTICAL EXERCISES USING THE ISOD TOOLBOX 4 1 ONLINE CLIMATIC DATA RETRIEVAL 4 1 1 Introduction After installation of ILWIS and the ISOD Toolbox XML version 1 4 start ILWIS and open the SOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree Inspect the menu strings of the Toolbox and open the item Configuration gt Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called InSitu For the Folder items under CPC_gauge GSOD GTS TAF specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings Close the Toolbox and use the ILWIS Navigator to move to the directory C InSitu Close ILWIS and start ILWIS again ensure that the location of your catalogue is now C InSitu Select from the menu the ISOD and Toolbox options and you are ready to start the exercises Note that if you have changed working directory during an active ILWIS session it is advised to close IL WIS and start it again The catalogue should now open in the correct working directory Also note the other golden rules when working with ILWIS see also Chapter 1 2 4 1 2 Global Surface Summary
38. giving the model output for the first 3 hours of 27 October 2005 Note that within the map list after to time stamp indicator here 00 also a layer number is given e g for the first layer in this map list given a suffix 1 Display this map GLDAS NOAH025 3H A2005300 00 1 use as Representation Pseudo and also add the country boundaries using option info off From the active map window select from the menu the option File gt Open Pixel Information and from the Pixel Information window select File gt Add Map eventually navigate to your working directory and select the map list GLDAS NOAHO025 3H A2005300 00 and press OK Now move the cursor of the mouse over Australia and inspect the values of the 28 attributes map layers To get an idea of what you are looking at and what the values represent open from the SOD gt Toolbox main menu the options Global Land Data Assimilation System gt GLDAS NOAH model output gt GLDAS HOAH 0 25 degree 3 hr meta data Specify the appropriate year day of year number and time step Here as example 200530000 for time step 00 is used and press Import The meta data is extracted for the given time step and displayed Note that the file is stored using the settings as provided under the ISOD Toolbox options Configuration gt Folders gt GLDAS Meta settings so these can be reviewed at any time The figure below is showing the meta data extract
39. input data cannot be found as it is not available at this moment and the routine after pressing lt Enter gt is aborted Carefully inspect the date stamp and directory settings as indicated in the command line interpreter window as given in the figure below Figure 2 5 Resulting message when entering wrong date time stamp kmncngs600 cr usgs gov ftp2 africafemodis sa213 zip When appropriate quotation marks are used to specify the location of a directoryvexecutable as well as for the input original file names to ensure that batch routines keep working if encountered spaces in sub directory names and to process input files with complex file names To ensure proper operation of the batch routines stick to the golden rules as given in chapter 1 2 Some routines also use PowerShell scripts This utility is used to create interactive pop up menus for easy data entry The PowerShell ps1 is activated through the batch file and is creating based on the user input a text file which is subsequently called by the next line in the batch routine This text file contains the user entries and these are set as environment variables 20 2 7 ADVANCED USE If certain operations have to be repeated on a continuous basis e g import of certain products for which basically only the time stamp has to be modified the use of the ISOD toolbox menu might be cumbersome From the main menu of ILWIS the command line history can be checked Select the
40. ins is presented below Also dedicated ILWIS scripts are available to import the Culture MERIS MERIS Reduced Resolution S10 and METOP AVHRR S10 data under data bases as well as various documents and useful links ILWIS plug ins to handle free Environmental data sources Current data dissemination systems like GEONETCast provide free near real time Environmental and Earth Observation data together with derived products to a worldwide user community The environmental data is delivered on a global scale via communication satellites Next to this a multitude of environmental relevant data is residing in online archives To integrate this information toolbox plug ins have been developed also dealing with specific geographic regions only upon user request like the AMESD SADC Toolbox and the Water and Food Security Toolbox for Ethiopia The toolbox plug ins coupled with the existing ILWIS processing utilities facilitate easy integration of large amounts of environmental data into various applications related to weather atmosphere oceans land vegeta tion water and environment J GEONEFGasGFaplBox P rn Easy import and Man y ronmental r DafafDeliv gt General Key Features e open design and easy user configuration e GEONETCast automated data management dedicated storage of data Features GEONETCast Toolbox Version 1 6 e import routines for various satellites Meteorological Product Extraction facility
41. is in most cases automatically retrieved when possible and ingested into an ILWIS format The data exchange library within ILWIS allows the user the export the data to other formats furthermore the extensive image vector and thematic data processing capability of ILWIS can be used for further data analysis Within this chapter attention is given to the various data resources which can be retrieved using the toolbox Additional relevant background information is presented here to obtain a better understanding of the data which is needed if further analysis is envisaged References to online documentation are provided as well In the following chapter a number of practical exercises are presented using the toolbox to become familiar with its functionality The toolbox menu XML Version 1 4 as presented in figure 2 1 has a number of main menu items This menu sequence is followed below as well to present the relevant background details 3 2 ONLINE N SITU CLIMATE DATABASES 3 2 1 NCDC Integrated Surface Data ISD The data summaries provided here are based on data exchanged under the World Meteorological Organization WMO World Weather Watch Program according to WMO Resolution 40 This allows WMO member countries to place restrictions on the use or re export of their data for commercial purposes outside of the receiving country Data for selected countries may at times not be available through this system Those countries data summaries an
42. likely not aware of its existence The In Situ and Online Data Toolbox ISOD is therefore developed to easily ingest these data sources To operate the toolbox internet connectivity is required Some of the data sources are having high data volumes and therefore a reasonable bandwidth is required to smoothly operate some of the toolbox routines especially for import of time series data The archived time series of data supplement the near real time data currently disseminated through telecommunication based data dissemination systems like GEONETCast It is hoped that when using the toolbox routines developed the various data sources are used for appropriate assessment of the environment Currently a focus was given to global data sets and data provision for Africa If toolbox users have links to other resources they would like to have included in a next version of the ISOD toolbox contact the EO Community Contact at http 52north org communities earth observation community contact This link can also be used if other remarks or comments do arise 81 This page is blank 82 APPENDICES Appendix 1 Other utilities available at the EO Community web pages at 52North org Various other software utilities have been developed over time are released via the 52North org web portal through the Earth Observation Community available at http 52north org communities earth observation overview A short overview of the freely available ILWIS plug
43. of the year conversion is needed a utility has been added for easy conversion Select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the menu item Display Julian Day tables and subsequently select the normal or leap year routine and press Import A table will be shown indicating for each calendar day the corresponding day of year Julian day number Select from the main IL WIS menu File gt Create gt Map List as Map List name enter gwadi_3hr200502 select all gwadi 3hryyjjjhh maps 224 in total in the left hand maplist window selected maps are indicated by a blue colour press the gt sign to add them to the right hand Create MapList window and press OK to save the new maplist Double click with the mouse the newly created Maplist gwadi Shr200502 and display the first map layer gwadi Shr0503200 using as representation gwadi eventually display the country boundaries using option info off Now from the main ILWIS menu select Operations gt Statistics gt MapList gt MapList Graph In the maplist graph window select as MapList gwadi_3hr200502 use a fixed stretch of O to 50 activate the options Continuous and Always on top Activate the map window showing the previously opened map layer gwadi 3hr0503200 Browse with the mouse cursor over the map e g the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo Note the precipitation time series values in the graph wi
44. only and info off Import also the Below Normal and the Normal Rainfall Forecast for the same period From the active map window displaying the map SAWSRAIN ANxxx abc select from the menu the option File gt Open Pixel Information From the Pixel Information window select File gt Add Map and select the other two imported rainfall forecast products SAWSRAIN BNxxx abc and SAWSRAIN NNxxx abc Move the mouse cursor over the map and note the probabilities for normal below and above normal rainfall forecast The sum of the 3 maps is 100 The procedure to import the seasonal minimum and maximum temperature forecasts are identical as for the seasonal rainfall forecast 77 4 10 WEB MAPPING SERVICES 4 10 1 Introduction In the toolbox a number of routines have been included to retrieve information from various online resources that are currently not converted into an ILWIS data format but use is made of the files as retrieved and these are visualized using IrfanView and Panoply Open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called WMS For the Folder items under CPC SST ECMWF ITCZ MET UK MPE2Google NOAA chart and RFS2Google specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings Note that for the visuali
45. relative humidity and winds At ITC these 15 minutes products are aggregated to obtain the 24 hr precipitation from 00 00 to 23 45 UTC These files in ILWIS format are compressed and subsequently transferred to FTP ftp ftp itc nl oub mpe After specifying an output directory the application can be started the accumulated 24 hr precipitation map is downloaded decompressed and transformed into a PNG format with a transparent layer for the areas that have not received precipitation A KML file is created and executed which invokes Google Earth to start and display the results These applications assume that Google Earth is locally available It has been noted recently that Google Earth shows some strange behaviour when displaying the map overlay of the MSG based MPE using Window 7 At any given day the aggregated rainfall from the previous day is processed for the MPE product at 08 00 UTC and for the RFS product at 11 00 UTC Daily aggregated data is available from the FTP location provided above approximately half an hour and 10 minutes later for the MPE and RFS products respectively 3 16 2 Surface Pressure Forecast Europe This application automatically downloads the surface pressure forecast over Europe prepared by the UK Met Office New forecasts become available at 07 30 UTC Forecasts are downloaded and visualized using IrfanView as an animation with maps showing the surface pressure from T 0 to T 84 Further information can be o
46. representation instead of a point and eventually change the colour to Magenta Now select Use Y Axis the Righ Axis unselect the option Show Grid and press Ok From the graph menu select the option Y Axis Right as Axis Text Temperature and set the Min Max Interval to 25 and 40 respectively and press Ok Note that the data range required can be obtained from the statistics pane from the bottom of the table Repeat the procedure for the attribute tempMAX C and Dewp C call these Max Temperature and Dewpoint Temperature respectively select as representation line and select appropriate colours Ensure that the Y Axis Right is used In the graph window itself the title can be modified Double click on the title in the Graph and consult figure 4 1 2 for a sample title Figure 4 1 2 Precipitation and temperature for Twenthe 2009 USAF station number 062900 twente grh ILWIS 15 x Shad ye Temperature min max and dewpoint and rainfall for Twente Station 062900 1 Graph fibe Temperature min max and de 38 Legend E st 062900 2009 x axis Ab __ Y Axis Left fbc Prep_mm 254 tar 0 tne 34 MALL Y Axis Right Abe Temperature E wat 20 E Tw 40 Dewpoint Temperature amp Ef Dewp_c Max Temperature E Tempmax_c Min Temperature 104 E Tempmin_c Precipitation E Prep mm 54 Dewpoint Temperature Max Temperature Min
47. series of NOAA STAR Vegetation products like Smoothed NDVI Vegetation Condition Index Smoothed Brightness Temperature Vegetation Health Index as well as Climatology for the NDVI and Brightness Temperature Added link to Climatology Resource for AgroClimatology POWER under Web Mapping Services Some routines have been adapted to reflect appropriate import due to changes in the data provision such as e GWADI rainfall new server address e CMORPH 8 km 30 minutes and 0 25 degrees 3 hourly and daily global rainfall Now use is made of the Version 1 0 bias corrected and gauge satellite blended precipitation product e FEWS PET new routines for import of the daily and the monthly PET after 30 March 2014 as the new PET products do not require a byte swap anymore e Added meta data and legend to the MPE and RFS visualization under Web Mapping Services 85 ISOD Toolbox version 1 3 In this release some new resources have been added All internet links have been checked and modified when the URL s or the products have changed to assure proper operation Changes In the XML version 1 3 of the ISOD toolbox a number of additional routines are added like the MOD16 ET and PET products the Soil Water Index from the Copernicus Global Land Service a Geotif import routine to quickly import the Landsat 8 images and retrieval of online maps from Google and Virtual Earth The TAMSAT climatology has been modified to represent the 30 years climato
48. stamp select 2010017 and press Import After the import has been completed display the newly created map chirps 201001 using as Representation Pseudo Add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and use pixel information to inspect the values To import the data from the CHIRPS pentad precipitation data aggregated to 5 days select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the item Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global Rainfall gt CHIRPS Global gt CHIRPS per pentad sub menu In this case only the Date field and the 53 Output Directory need to be specified As Date stamp select 2010011 for the first pentad and press mport After the import has been completed display the newly created map chirps 2010011 using as Representation Pseudo Add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and use pixel information to inspect the values Compare both rainfall maps and close them when ready 4 2 3 6 JRC MARS Global To import the JRC MARS Interim dekadal precipitation data select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the item Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global Rainfall gt JRC MARS Global gt MARS interim dekadal sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified As Date stamp select 20100101 and press Import After the import has been completed
49. sub menu Note that the routine expects a year as date input e g specify for 1982 the following time stamp 1982 Check the output folder and press Import The smoothed NDVI for the 52 weeks of the selected year are retrieved and processed Wait until the routine has finished the processing and note the 52 files created called smn yyyy ww where smn is smoothed NDVI yyyy is the year selected and ww is referring to the week number Select from the main ILWIS menu File gt Create gt Map List as Map List name enter Star smn 1982 select all smn yyyy ww maps 52 in total in the left hand Maplist window selected maps are indicated by a blue colour press the gt sign to add them to the right hand Create MapList window and press OK to save the new Maplist Double click with the mouse the newly created Maplist Star smn 1982 In the MapList window select as display option Open as Slide Show as Representation select NDVI1 and press OK twice add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Import of the Vegetation Condition Index VCI the Smoothed Brightness Temperature and the Vegetation Health Index VHI is identical Note the Brightness temperatures are in Kelving the VCI and VHI are scaled between 0 and 100 The last two routines are allowing retrieval and processing of climatology From the ISOD gt Toolb
50. temperature at 11 um in deg C BT12 brightness temperature at 12 um in deg C bsst baseline SST which is either sst4 if valid or sstref from oisst mu cosine of sensor zenith angle At night where sst4 retrieval is reliable the algorithm uses sst4 SST derived at 4 micron for the bsst value For daytime SST the algorithm uses a reference SST source sstref for bsst where sstref is operationally derived from the weekly Reynolds oisst product bilinearly interpolated to the pixel location The coefficients a00 a01 a02 and a03 and a10 a11 a12 and a13 are derived and continuously verified by RSMAS based on match ups between the satellite retrievals of brightness temperature and field measurements of sea surface temperature As currently implemented these coefficients can be time dependent The coefficients are provided to msl12 through external files which are in a columnated ascii format of sensor start date end date ai0 ai1 ai2 ai3 with each pair of lines corresponding to low and high dBT difference cases respectively For the MODIS instrument on Terra the retrieved long wave SST is further augmented by a time dependent mirror side specific bias The adjustment varies from 0 2 deg C to 0 1 deg C over the mission lifespan and it is applied to mirror side 1 only The mirror side correction was developed by RSMAS Source http oceancolor gsfc nasa gov DOCS modis sst The Ocean Color OC suite of chlorophyll a Ca mg
51. that needs user intervention This procedure can be easily automated by copying the ILWIS command line string that is created each time you conduct an ISOD toolbox routine From the Main ILWIS menu press the drop down button on the right hand side of the command line You will now see the history A typical command line string that is generated when using the ISOD Toolbox is given below using as example the import routine used for the FEWSNET 10 day RFE2 import note that the command line string is given as a single line the location of your ILWIS directory might be different d llwis372 Extensions ISOD toolbox toolbox_batchroutines fews_rfe2_10day bat 2010103 x x c Sat_Precip d llwis372 Extensions ISOD Toolbox GDAL bin d llwis372 d llwis372 Extensions ISOD Toolbox util Have a look at the command line above and note that is used in ILWIS to call an external routine in this case fews_rfe2_10day bat This batch file is executed for the time stamp 2010103 for the 3 dekade of October 2010 The x indicates that here no input drive and input directory is used All other strings define the parameters that specify the locations of the required software utilities to conduct the operation In your case the location of ILWIS might be in a different drive directory and therefore your command line string might look different but the string will have the same number of items parameters See also chapter 2
52. the Date stamp note Ymnthtif shortfilename3 Line 34 sets the display of subsequent messages off In line 35 a check is performed if the input file exists if this file does not exist the batch routine jumps to the section starting with MESSAGE If the input file exists line 36 is displayed in the command line window followed by 2 empty lines and then jumps to the start of the actual import routine which begins at the START section line 39 If the input file does not exist in line 35 the batch routine jumps to line 40 MESSAGE the section below lines 41 to 46 are displayed see also figure 2 5 In line 47 a pause command is used and the user has to press enter in order to continue Once this is done the GOTO END command in line 48 causes the routine to jump to line 60 If the data is located in the specified input drive directory the copied file is unzipped in line 50 renamed in line 51 and imported into ILWIS format in line 52 using GDAL Once the file is in ILWIS format ILWIS is executed from the command prompt in line 53 and the radiometry of the data is changed using an expression NDVI in 100 100 In line 54 the coordinate system is appended ilwis exe C setgrf to set the georeference of the final NDVI map Lines 55 59 are deleting the files that have become obsolete Line 60 marks the END section With or without the required input data line 61 is always executed this line clos
53. to store the drive directory settings Move to the working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again To demonstrate the procedure as example an Interim product from Africa is retrieved From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the options JRC IES MARS decadal Global Meteo Data gt Interim gt Africa gt Temperature Average C Note that the routine expects a year month dekade input e g specify for last dekade January 2010 the following time stamp 20100121 Note the dekades are number 01 11 and 21 for the 1 2 and last dekade of the month respectively Check the output folder and press Import 68 After the import has been completed display the new map created int africa tav 20100121 use as Representation Pseudo and press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Note the unit is in degree Celsius If other products are imported note the file name conventions the prefixes used are int and ope indicating the Interim and Operational products region names are self explanatory and product variables are defined as rain evpt rad tav tmax and tmin for the rainfall evapotranspiration global radiation sum average temperature maximum temperature and minimum temperature To combine the 6 regional maps per variable to obtain a global coverage a georeference is available called
54. variability in climate Reanalysis products are used increasingly in many fields that require an observational record of the state of either the atmosphere or its underlying land and ocean surfaces source http www ecmwf int research era do get Reanalysis ECMWF ERA Interim data can now be downloaded from the internet at full resolution from http data portal ecmwf int data d interim full daily A large number of parameters can be retrieved from here and can be quickly visualized using the Panoply utility including preparation of animated sequences 3 16 9 Online Maps A number of utilities are added for display of online high resolution maps like Google maps and Microsoft Virtual Earth The first option is showing Google maps when zooming into the region of interest higher resolution topographical information is presented The second option can be used to search Google maps by entering location name and country By default use is made of Internet Explorer initiated through a HTML file The last routine displays Virtual Earth a high resolution satellite backdrop image together with labels In a pop up screen you can specify the centre of your map and the zoom factor and based on these three parameters the window is retrieved and displayed In the map window you can interactively uncheck the labels aerial view zoom in and out etc 3 17 DISPLAY JULIAN DAY TABLES To conveniently retrieve the corresponding calendar date
55. 0 degree north and south latitudes these do not contain valid data Also display the map cmorph d20121001 using as Representation mpe sum and compare both precipitation products What can be noted To import the data from the reprocessed TRMM 3B42 3 hourly Julian day archive select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the item Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global Rainfall gt TRMM Global gt TRMM 3B42 day archive sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified As Date stamp select 20051001 and press Import During import all 3 hour events are extracted and processed a map list is created and an aggregate statistics function sum is executed resulting in the daily total precipitation map Note that the 3 hour events are given in mm hr and the day sum map is given in mm day Display the imported maplist trmm 3B42 20051001 as an animated sequence Double click on the map list and in the MapList window select as display option Open as Slide Show as representation select mpe single add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Display also the imported map trmm 3B42 20051001 day using as representation mpe sum From the map window showing the map trmm 3B42 20051001 day select from the menu File gt Open Pixel Information From the Pi
56. 3 to Dec 31 2013 specify your parameter e g Wind Speed at 10 mtr and press Submit The new popup window shows the tabular data for the variable as well as the header information The three columns are providing information on the parameter value for each day of the specified time period year day of year and parameter value The data can be copied and pasted into a spreadsheet for further processing Note the header information is providing information on the lower left latitude and longitude having 1 degree spatial resolution Note that also a window can be retrieved for the specified parameter entering the bounding coordinates and subsequently press Submit The initial page content can be obtained by pressing Reset 4 10 8 NOAA CPC SST and SST Anomaly Before you start this routine first check under the options Configuration gt Folders gt Special locations if the IrfanView directory and j view executable is correctly specified see also chapter 2 4 In the Configuration gt Folders subsequently select CPC SST Ensure that the drive output directory settings are correctly specified as well Use the ILWIS navigator to move to the drive directory specified From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Web Mapping Services gt NOAA CPC SST SST Anomaly gt Latest 12 weeks SST and Anomaly animation and press Import After retrieval of the files the SST and anomaly animation is shown You ca
57. 4 1 1 GSOD station locations and the pixel information window L Pixel Information ILWIS ini xi File Edit Options Help File Edit Layers Options JB G x Me 5 8 c B Eicoordinate 52 23 53 88 N 6 54 25 23 E amp amp Graticule EB country 02 gm Properties HiME osod stations F p gm Properties USAF Musan fsraTION NA cTRY mriss state CALL DLAT TILON ELEV mw fiat new L7gsod stations st 12124 62900 99999 TWENTHE NL NL EHTW 52267 6900 350 52 2670 lon new 6 9000 country 02 8 18028267 55 37 16 1 N 1941 38 55 E 55 3716 08 N 1941088 55 E 7 To extract the station data from the SOD and Toolbox main menu select the Online InSitu Climate Database gt NCDC Integrated Surface Data ISD gt Import GSOD station data sub menu Specify the Year USAF Station check the settings for the Output Directory and press Import Here use is made of the station Twenthe year is 2009 and USAF station number is 062900 Note 45 that a 6 digit station code is required in case the station has only a 5 digit code like in the example presented here the station number coding should always precede with a zero 0 Additional information on the data is provided when selecting the Metadata option Note that this file is retrieved from your ILWIS sub director
58. 55772 D 2005102700 WEASD sfc kpds 65 1 O anl winds are N S Accum snow kg m 2 7449868 D 2005102700 TSOIL 0 4 cm down kpds 85 112 4 anl winds are N S Soil temp K 7983214 D 2005102700 TSOIL 0 3 cm down kpds 85 112 3 anl winds are N S Soil temp K 78516560 D 2005102700 TSOIL 0 2 cm down kpds 85 112 2 anl winds are N S Soil temp K 9049906 D 2005102700 TSOIL 0 1 cm down kpds 85 112 1 anl winds are N S Soil temp K 9583252 D 2005102700 SOILM 0 4 cm down kpds 86 112 4 anl winds are N S Soil moisture content kg m 2 110177348 D 2005102700 SOILM 0 3 cm down kpds 86 112 3 anl winds are N S Soil moisture content kg m 2 310771444 D 2005102700 SOILM 0 2 cm down kpds 86 112 2 anl winds are N S Soil moisture content kg m 2 11365540 D 2005102700 SOILM 0 1 cm down kpds 86 112 1 anl winds are N S Soil moisture content kg m 2 11959636 D72005102700 TCDC sfc kpds 71 1 O anl winds are N S Total cloud cover i 112462606 D 2005102700 WIND sfc kpds 32 1 O0 anl winds are N S Wind speed m s 112904826 D 2005102700 TMP sfc kpds 11 1 O anl winds are N S Temp K 13407796 D 2005102700 SPFH sfc kpds 51 1 O anl winds are N S Specific humidity kg kg 113667762 D 2005102700 PRES sfc kpds 1 1 O0 anl winds are N S Pressure Pa 214261858 D 2005102621 DSWRF sfc kpds 204 1 0 0 3hr ave winds are N S Downward short wave flux W m 2 714855954 D 2005102621 DLWRF sfc kpds 205 1 0 0 3hr ave winds are N S Downward l
59. Data Dissemination Service server http earlywarning usgs gov fews Note that the NDVI data from July dekad 1 1981 through December dekad 3 2008 are NDVI g The data from January dekad 1 2008 to present are NDVI rg NASA has stated that the NDVI rg data will be updated to the archival NDVI g product approximately every 6 12 months FEWS NET NDVI data originates from the NASA GIMMS group For more information about AVHRR 31 data NDVI processing and for proper acknowledgement of these data in any report or publication see the references at the end of this section NDVI g data characteristics Data source is the NASA GIMMS group time step of the data is 10 day dekadal and spatial resolution is 8km The projection used is Albers equal area conic using the Clarke ellipsoid the applied temperature threshold for cloud screening is 285 Kelvin and the file format is byte 8 bit The satellite that acquired the data for any given period is provided below NOAA 7 periods Jul 81 Feb 85 NOAA 9 periods Feb 85 Nov 88 NOAA 11 periods Nov 88 Sep 94 NOAA 9 periods descend Sep 94 Jan 95 NOAA 14 periods Jan 95 Oct 00 NOAA 16 periods Nov 00 Dec 03 NOAA 17 periods Jan 04 present Processing Details No correction has been applied to correct for atmospheric effects due to water vapor Rayleigh scattering or stratospheric ozone Maximum value compositing has been used with a forward binning procedure method implement
60. FACULTY OF GEO INFORMATION SCIENCE as AND EARTH OBSERVATION In Situ and Online Data Toolbox Installation Configuration and User Guide Wet Lo JX NN ZEA y N 7 772 VZ il H ite LL HA wm a 7 XML Version 1 4 Ben Maathuis Chris Mannaerts Department of Water Resources WRS Martin Schouwenburg Bas Retsios and Rob Lemmens Department of Geo Information Processing GIP Masego Rachel Nkepu Botswana Department of Meteorological Services July 2014 e UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE Tc Colofon University of Twente Faculty of Geo Information Science and Earth Observation Department of Water Resources Department of Geo Information Processing Date last modified 30 July 2014 Published version Version 1 4 contains CD with software ILWIS372 and ISOD Toolbox with config XML version 1 4 E mail corresponding author b h p maathuis utwente nl Postal address Hengelosestraat 99 P O Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands Website http Awww itc nl and http 52North org communities earth observation Published by University of Twente Faculty of Geo Information Science and Earth Observation Departments of Water Resources and Geo information Processing This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 3 0 Netherlands License To view a copy of this license visit http creativecommons org licenses by nc 3 0 nl or send a letter to C
61. JO enso shtml The ENSO cycle refers to the coherent and sometimes very strong year to year variations in sea surface temperatures convective rainfall surface air pressure and atmospheric circulation that occur across the equatorial Pacific Ocean El Ni o and La Ni a represent opposite extremes in the ENSO cycle El Nifio refers to the above average sea surface temperatures that periodically develop across the east central equatorial Pacific It represents the warm phase of the ENSO cycle and is sometimes referred to as a Pacific warm episode La Ni a refers to the periodic cooling of sea surface temperatures across the east central equatorial Pacific It represents the cold phase of the ENSO cycle and is sometimes referred to as a Pacific cold episode The animation shows the SST and anomaly conditions over the 12 weeks before present 3 16 8 ECMWF Re Analysis data The European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts has made available the ERA Interim ERA Interim is the latest ECMWF global atmospheric reanalysis of the period 1979 01 01 to present Reanalyses of multi decadal series of past observations have become an important and widely utilized resource for the study of atmospheric and oceanic processes and predictability Since reanalyses are produced using fixed modern versions of the data assimilation systems developed for numerical weather prediction they are more suitable than operational analyses for use in studies of long term
62. MPEF Satellite Application Facilities SAF s Chinese Meteorological Administration and 3 party data providers such as TAMSAT DevCoCast MODIS SPOT Vegetation integration of METOP AVHRR and J ASON 2 data export routines to BILKO and R calculation of solar and MSG zenith and azimuth angles e real time METEOSAT Second Generation visualization Features Water and Food Security Ethiopia Toolbox Version 1 3 e processing selected GEONETCast data relevant for water and food security monitoring and analysis for Ethiopia including Meteorological Data Dissemination Service routines Features ISOD Toolbox Version 1 4 e retrieval and import of data from various free online archives related to in situ climatological observations gauge and satellite derived rainfall estimates weather and pressure forecasts potential evapotranspiration normalized difference vegetation indices ocean and elevation information Features AMESD SADC Toolbox Version 1 2 e import and pre processing of all products disseminated by the AMESD SADC program for southern Africa related to agriculture drought and fire JEE tas e ie D tet system for in Situ and Online Data Toolbox 83 Appendix 2 Utilities available at the ITC GEONETCast web pages For access to the Capacity Building utilities use can be made of the information and documents posted on http www itc nl Pub WRS WRS GEONETCast Various documents are presented here providing further information on da
63. NDVI data from 2001 onwards and the short term mean 3 7 MEASURES GLOBAL VI PRODUCTS V2 VIP Vegetation Phenology and Vegetation Index Products from Multiple Long Term Satellite Data Records Kamel Didan at the University of Arizona has developed a consistent 30 year record of Enhanced Vegetation Index and Phenology products using the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer AVHRR the Systeme Pour l Observation de la Terre SPOT Vegetation instrument and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS to create a 30 year record that can be extended into future missions currently from 1981 001 2010 365 year julian day In July 2012 the VIP project released version 2 of its vegetation index products The product suite is comprised of daily 7 day 15 day and monthly temporal intervals covering the period start 1981 to end 2010 Source https lpdaac usgs gov user community nasa measures Resolution of the product is 0 05 degrees 5600 meters Import routines for the Phenology set of products still have to be developed Further information can be obtained from the documents tab at the viplab available at http measures arizona edu viplab data explorer php Conventions used to calculate NDVI and EVI2 are presented below _ WIR RED NDVI Normalized Vegetation Index NDVI WIR RED EVI2 Enhanced Vegetation Index noo 0 RED NIR 24 RED 1 3 8 NOAA STAR WEEKLY VEGETATION PRODUCTS The Ce
64. SM and Skin Temperature and use the same date stamp Display both the retrieved night sm and night ts products using as Representation Pseudo and press Ok add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values 72 4 13 AMESD SADC ONLINE PRODUCTS 4 13 1 Introduction to the AMESD SADC online products AMESD SADC products are created by a number of organizations from the SADC region Further info on the partners in this program can be found at http Awww amesdsadc org partners To retrieve the online data from the AMESD SADC program open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration gt Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called AMESD For the Folder item under SADC agriculture SADC drought SADC fire and SADC forecasting specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings Note that for the visualization also use is made of IrfanView Therefore check under the Folder item Special locations if the location to iview exe is properly specified as a Fire Danger Index Forecast product is using Irfanview for visualization Move to your working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again Note that the DBMS server has a few dekades of data
65. SOD Toolbox util Save this file in your active working directory use as file name rfe2 nov10 import bat Now use the Windows Explorer browse to your active working directory and double click with the mouse on the new batch file created rfe2 nov10 import bat The RFE2 maps are now automatically retrieved and processed in ILWIS When the operation has been completed click with the mouse on the ILWIS catalogue and press F5 or select from the ILWIS main menu Window gt Refresh Now create a maplist of the 3 imported dekadal images and show this as an animation Also use maplist statistics and the sum option to calculate the monthly precipitation of November 2010 Display the map using as Representation rfe month Add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and use pixel information to inspect the values Repeat this procedure now prepare a batch file to import all RFE2 10 day rainfall products for 2010 36 events and calculate the sum min max and mean yearly precipitation for 2010 Your final results for the sum should resemble those provided in figure 4 2 4 using a Pseudo Representation and a stretch from 0 to 1500 Note that more advanced batch procedures can be developed using a so called looping procedure identical to the import of the Climatology products You can find various examples in the toolbox batchroutines sub directory Figure 4 2 4 RFE2 based total precipitation over Africa for 2010
66. T AND ET The MOD16 ET datasets are estimated using Mu et al s improved ET algorithm 2011 over previous Mu et al s paper 2007a The ET algorithm is based on the Penman Monteith equation Monteith 1965 Surface resistance is an effective resistance to evaporation from land surface and transpiration from the plant canopy see also ftp ftp ntsg umt edu pub MODIS NTSG Products MOD16 and http www ntsg umt edu project mod16 The MOD16 monthly global evapotranspiration ET dataset at 0 05 degree resolution 5600 meters at the equator using geographic coordinates and the 8 day ET and potential ET PET datasets at 1 km spatial resolution The dataset currently covers the time period 2000 2012 and future years will be produced and posted periodically but not in near real time For the high spatial resolution product the data is posted using the h and v grid system see http modis land gsfc nasa gov MODLAND grid html The import routine developed is automatically assigning the 30 h and v numbers based on the latitude and longitude assigned for the top left geographic coordinates of the 10 by 10 degree tile selected In case after import the user wants to integrate the 8 day ET PET data with e g vector information use should be made of the LATLON coordinate system or else the map should be resampled from Sinusoidal to the target projection e g to LATLON using a pixel size of 32 14 seconds The 8 day ET 0 1mm 8da
67. Temperature Precipitation Temperature 300 350 f j l il 250 0 200 i 15 50 100 As additional exercise you can repeat above described procedure using a station year of your preference 46 4 1 3 GTS station data on precipitation and temperature Within the ISOD toolbox utilities are available to incorporate the rolling yearly GTS archive maintained by NOAA CPC To extract the station data from the ISOD and Toolbox main menu select the Online InSitu Climate Database gt NOAA CPC FEWS GTS daily data gt Import global GTS station data sub menu Specify the Date stamp in the required format yyyymmdd here 20121201 is used note the Output Directory and press Import Select from the catalogue the table gts 20121201 and inspect the content Note that typically over 8000 stations are available Close the table From the catalogue right click with the mouse on the table gts 20111201 and from the context sensitive menu select the option Table operations gt Table to Pointmap From the table to point map menu specify as Coordinate System LatLonWGS84 and as output map gts 20121201 Press Show to create the point map In the Display Options Point Map click the Symbol button and as Size specify 3 and as fill colour select Red and
68. WIS automatically detects the ZIP file in this directory then unzips the file and installs the plug in when a new instance of ILWIS is started Afterwards the ZIP file is deleted in this Extensions sub directory Start ILWIS and in the Operation Tree of ILWIS the ISOD tab will appear see also figure 1 1 Double click the ISOD tab and the subsequent Toolbox tab and various sub menus are now at your disposal These options can be used to import open internet environmental data sets Keep checking the Earth Observation community web pages http 52north org communities earth observation for new toolbox developments Modifications and added functionality for the ISOD Toolbox are made available on these websites on an ad hoc basis so check if you are working with the latest version The XML configuration number currently 1 4 is given on the lower left hand portion of the ISOD Toolbox opening screen Figure 1 1 The ISOD main and sub menu structure under ILWIS372 IS ILWIS Open d working_dir File Edi Operations View Window Help u OL e YHA NH BRA Deanery 6 G5 E3 BRR EFF O B fn EC eotoolbox ISOD 1500 E IS0D Toolbox Help ReadMe Change Log Version 1 4 Installation and User Manual Versi Online InSitu Climate Databases Gauge Satelite derived Rainfall Data FEWSNET Global PET MOD16 Global ET i p FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI A s E Import Export MEaSUREs Global VI Products V2 s EB Interpolation
69. _yyyymmddhh2 is the next half hour precipitation with regard to the time stamp The unit is in mm hr The maps can be displayed using as representation mpe single Only perform this routine if you have sufficient disk space and time available as the routine takes quite some time to finish note the number of days for the month 24 2 files need to be processed The next routine from this sub menu is the CMORPH 8 km 1 hr processing option This routine aggregates the two half hourly time stamps to represent hourly precipitation Note that the same disk resources and processing time is required Data is available from 19980101 onwards and the data of the reprocessed CMORPH version 1 0 is used The reprocessed CMORPH 0 25 degree 3 hours products can be obtained from the ftp cpc ncep noaa gov server Version 1 0 is extracted from the precip CMORPH V1 0 sub directory All units are mm 3hr Data is available from 19980101 onwards From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global Rainfal gt CMORPH Global gt CMORPH 0 25 degree 3 hour V1 0 crf sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified As Date stamp select 20051001 and press mport For the specified day 8 three hour precipitation maps are imported Select from the main ILWIS menu File gt Create gt Map Lis as Map List name en
70. a products are available within 24 hours of reception OLI and TIRS data from Landsat 8 is processed to be consistent with the already archived Landsat 1 through 7 data products Processing details of Landsat 8 Level 1 Products are described on http landsat usgs gov LDCM DataProduct php The data is assumed to be locally available unzipped and in Tif format The routine transforms the Tif file in an ILWIS data format For conversion from Digital Number to radiance reflectance or brightness temperature consult the link above The coefficients required are provided when downloading the data in an accompanied meta data file 41 3 16 WEB MAPPING SERVICES 3 16 1 MPE and RFS to Google These two services make use of the 15 minutes precipitation products the MPE derived from MSG and the RFS derived from GOES The Multi Sensor Precipitation Estimate MPE product consists of the near real time rain rates in mm hr for each METEOSAT image in original pixel resolution The algorithm is based on the combination of polar orbiter microwave measurements and images of the Meteosat IR channel by a so called blending technique The MPE is most suitable for convective precipitation The RFS product comprises the instantaneous and the accumulated convective rainfall estimates based on GOES images for the South America region The estimation is based on the adjusted hydro estimator methodology from South America using INPE information about precipitated water
71. al rainfall estimate RFE Version 1 0 data is available from 1995 2000 The algorithm used to create these estimates was replaced on January 1 2001 and is no longer 28 operational From 1995 2000 each 10 day rainfall estimate covers the domain from 20W 55E and 40S 20N with a resolution of 0 1 degree The RFE Version 2 0 algorithm is based on the Xie method and is currently employed to create the RFE as operational product at the NOAA Climate Prediction Center in association with USAID FEWS NET The spatial resolution is 0 1 degree and the bounding coordinates are from 40S to 40N in latitude and 20W to 55E in longitude covering the whole African continent Data is available from 2000 onwards Maps of daily dekadal and monthly rainfall estimates as well as documentation on the RFE algorithm methodology can be consulted at http www cpc ncep noaa gov products fews rfe shtml Longer duration products are created by accumulation of the daily data Also RFE based climatology data is produced by the Climate Prediction Center Daily dekadal and monthly means in mm per respective time interval are currently based on a climatological record from 1983 till 2011 The files contain climatological rainfall estimates over the African continent utilizing the Africa Rainfall Estimate Climatology Version 2 CPC ARC2 method see also http www cpc ncep noaa gov products fews AFR CLIM afr clim shtml Also further information on the ARC2 dataset is prov
72. an be obtained online from ftp ftp coc ncep noaa gov fews gts 3 2 3 Current Weather Conditions from TAF In meteorology and aviation TAF is a format for reporting weather forecast information particularly as it relates to aviation TAF is an acronym of Terminal Aerodrome Forecast or in some countries Terminal Area Forecast TAFs apply to a five statute mile radius from the center of the airport runway complex Generally TAFs can apply to a 9 or 12 hour forecast some TAFs cover an 18 or 24 hour period and as of November 5 2008 TAFs for some major airports cover 30 hours periods The date time group reflects the new 30 hour period in Coordinated Universal Time UTC as always TAFs complement and use similar encoding to METAR reports They are produced by a human forecaster based on the ground For this reason there are fewer TAF locations than there are METARs TAFs can be more accurate than Numerical Weather Forecasts since they take into account local small scale geographic effects source Wikipedia Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts are routinely issued every 6 hours and are valid 24 hours from issuance time The product provides a forecast of cloud heights and ceilings wind direction and speed and associated wind shear visibilities and prevailing weather conditions An explanation on the various codes used can be found at http www spacearchive info taf htm and individual reports in meteorological code can also be retrieved fro
73. and Infrared Scanner VIRS a five channel visible infrared radiometer Source http gcmd gsfc nasa gov records GCMD GES DISC TRMM 3B42 daily V7 html The purpose of the 3B42 algorithm is to produce TRMM adjusted merged infrared IR precipitation and root mean square RMS precipitation error estimates The algorithm consists of two separate steps The first step uses the TRMM VIRS and TMI orbit data TRMM products 1B01 and 2A12 and the monthly TMI TRMM Combined Instrument TCI calibration parameters from TRMM product 3B31 to produce monthly IR calibration parameters The second step uses these derived monthly IR calibration parameters to adjust the merged IR precipitation data which consists of GMS GOES E GOES W Meteosat and NOAA data The final gridded adjusted merged IR precipitation mm hr and RMS precipitation error estimates have a 3 hourly temporal resolution and a 0 25 degree by 0 25 degree spatial resolution Spatial coverage extends from 50 degrees south to 50 degrees north latitude The daily accumulated beginning at 00Z and ending at 21Z unit mm rainfall product is derived from this 3 hourly product The daily and weekly data from TRMM are based on algorithm 3B 42 For further information consult http trmm gsfc nasa gov 3b42 html The 3B 42 estimates are produced in four stages 1 the microwave estimates precipitation are calibrated and combined 2 infrared precipitation estimates are created using the calibrated m
74. and transferred to your current working directory 37 echo 38 echo 39 GOTO START 40 MESSAGE 41 echo The input file was not found in the archive 42 echo Check your Date stamp settings 43 echo Your current Date stamp used is longfilename 44 echo Data is retrieved from http igskmncngs600 cr usgs gov ftp2 africa emodis 45 echo Check also manually if the data exists on ftp archive see link above 46 echo Internet has a transient nature addresses might not be valid or has changed after some time 47 pause 48 GOTO END 49 START 50 UtilDir 7z exe e sa munthtif shortfilename3 zip 51 ren saY mnthtif shortfilename3 tif emodis_ndvi shortfilename2 period tif 52 gdalDir gdal_translate of ilwis emodis_ndvi shortfilename2 period tif temodis_ndvi shortfilename2 period mpr 53 llwDir ilwis exe C OutputDrive OutputDir emodis_sa_ndvi shortfilename2 period mpr dom value vr 1 000 1 000 0 0001 OutputDrive OutputDir temodis_ndvi shortfilename2 period 100 100 54 llwDir ilwis exe C setgrf OutputDrive OutputDir emodis_sa_ndvi shortfilename2 period mpr UtilDirY emodis_sa 55 del sa mnthtif shortfilename3 tiw 56 del emodis_ndvi shortfilename2 period tif 57 del sa mnthtif shortfilename3 zip 58 del temodis_ndvi shortfilename2 period mp 59 del temodis_ndvi shortfilename2 period grf 60 END 61 llwDir ilwis exe C closeall End of Batch file listi
75. ap layer rfe clim01 1 Browse with the mouse cursor over the map Note the precipitation time series values in the graph window the X axis shows the time from the first dekade of January as time step 1 to the last dekade of December as time step 36 and the Y Axis the average amount of precipitation in mm during each 10 day period for the respective pixel See also figure 4 2 3 56 Figure 4 2 3 TAMSAT time series rainfall climatology over Africa lc Maplist Graph OO Le a iem E93 rfe climo1 1 if DAtamsat archivelafricaland mask FilemEditwtzyeremOptionem Help E Ox amp pn Gh E 193248313 MapList gt rfe1Oday_clim x al Clipboard Copy M Continuous V Always On Top x IV FikSuech 0 000 foo 100 4 i f 36 EAB dAilwis372 apri ES Properties BABB rfe climo1 1 it E ES Properties EH Legend o 50 Fico i J 0 M 1 i 1236 1188 25 5 8 3 8 1745 90 5 25 29 52 77 E 36701 49 0 N 1 19 10 15 W 36 01 48 95 N 1 19 10 15 4 2 4 Data extraction and import automation for generation of time series precipitation data In the previous exercises you have imported a variety of precipitation products using the ISOD Toolbox menu You can keep using this procedure to import the other events from the same products by changing the Date stamp e g each time selecting the next temporal interval This is a cumbersome activity
76. atology Version 2 ARC2 To import the RFE version1 10 day satellite derived precipitation estimates select from the SOD gt Toolbox main menu the Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt FEWSNET Rainfall Climatology Africa gt Rainfall RFE Africa gt RFE versioni 10 day estimates sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified As Date stamp select 1999121 and press mport For the specified dekade the precipitation map is imported Display the map rfe 1999121 using as Representation rfe dec add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and use pixel information to inspect the values Now import the daily and dekadal RFE Version2 precipitation maps from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu first select the Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt FEWSNET Rainfall Climatology Africa gt Rainfall RFE Africa gt RFE version2 daily estimates sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified As Date stamp select 20101031 and press Import Repeat the procedure using as Date stamp 2010103 now using the menu option RFE version2 10 day estimates Display the two imported maps rfe2 20101031 using as Representation mpe sum and rfe2 2010103 using as Representation rfe dec Add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and use pix
77. ayasaka Y Fukushima C Liu and S Yang 2007 A gauge based analysis of daily precipitation over East Asia J Hydrometeorol 8 607 626 ftp ftp cpc ncep noaa gov precip CPC UNI PRCP GAUGE GLB DOCU Xie et al 2007 JHM EAG pdf 24 e Onthe Gauge Algorithm Evaluation Chen M W Shi P Xie V B S Silva V E Kousky R Wayne Higgins and J E Janowiak 2008 Assessing objective techniques for gauge based analyses of global daily precipitation J Geophys Res 113 D04110 doi 10 1029 2007JD009132 ftp ftp cpc ncep noaa gov precip CPC_ UNI PRCP GAUGE GLB DOCU Chen et al 2008 JGR Gauge Algo pdf e Onthe Construction of the Daily Gauge Analysis Chen M P Xie and Co authors 2008 CPC Unified Gauge based Analysis of Global Daily Precipiation Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting Cairns Australia 29 July 1 August 2008 ftpz ftp cpc ncep noaa gov precip CPC UNI PRCP GAUGE GLB DOCU Chen et al 2008 Daily Gauge Anal pdf 3 3 2 CMORPH CMORPH CPC MORPHing technique produces global precipitation analyses at very high spatial and temporal resolution This technique uses precipitation estimates that have been derived from low orbiter satellite microwave observations exclusively and whose features are transported via spatial propagation information that is obtained entirely from geostationary satellite IR data At present it is incorporating precipitation estimates derived from the passive microwaves aboard the DMSP 13 14 amp 15
78. bases amp Gauge Satelite derived Rainfall Data Date yyyymm amp Global Rainfall amp Lalest 24 hr MPE from EUMETSAT amp FEWSNET Rainfall Climatology Afric amp TAMSAT rainfall archive Africa Import amp Dekadal Rainfall amp Monthly Rainfall memonth extracted from hitp www met reading ac uk tamsat public data Output directory D working_dir Monthly rainfall amp Rainfall Climatology amp FEWSNET Global PET amp MOD16 Global ET amp FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI Afri amp MEaSUREs Global VI Products V2 amp NOAA STAR weekly Global Vegetation Global Elevation Data amp Copernicus Global Land Service amp NAS Global Ocean Data Global Land Data Assimilation System amp AMESD SADC THEMA products LANDSAT USGS Web Mapping Services amp Pattial import of large Geotif Shape files amp Display Julian Day tables 4 m D Contig XML version 1 4 Close Other syntax used in the config xml is Note that all the text should be entered between quotation marks Start of a new line End of a line Level Start of a new level lt Level n gt End of level n un The first few lines of the config xml are 1 lt ISOD gt 2 lt Version id 1 4 finder false gt 3 lt Ullnfo icon earth menu ISOD Toolbox title In Situ and Online Data Toolbox gt 4 Path value Extensions ISOD Toolbox inifile isod ini gt
79. btained from htto www metoffice gov uk weather europe surface pressure html like the description of the weather chart symbols used 3 16 3 Current Position of the Africa ITF This application automatically downloads the latest image showing the current position of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone ITCZ also called the Inter Tropical Front produced by NOAA available from http www cpc noaa gov products fews ITCZ Data is available updated on a decadal basis when the ITCZ is situated over the Northern Hemisphere IrfanView is used to display the downloaded image By pressing the escape key the visualization is aborted 3 16 4 NOAA Weather Charts The NWS Gateway provides access to the latest version of the weather facsimile chart they operationally distribute The charts are not altered or enhanced and are in the original black and white form used by NWS offices available from ftp tgftp nws noaa gov fax The utilities provided download and animate using IrfanView the NOAA weather charts for the Northern Hemisphere Europe and Africa Africa and Asia and Latin America and Africa showing the forecast up to 36 hours The Flight level selected is FL050 meaning the situation at 5000 feet or at a standardized barometric pressure of 850 millibar roughly 33 feet per millibar 1013 25 850 163 25 millibar 33feet 5387 25 feet 0 304 1637 meter Note that this assumes standard pressure 1013 25 mb at sea level using standard datum
80. cipitation via the process of infiltration Soil moisture is a very heterogeneous variable and varies on small scales with soil properties and drainage patterns Satellite measurements integrate over relative large scale 36 areas with the presence of vegetation adding complexity to the interpretation From http land copernicus eu global q products swi also the product user manual can be retrieved To access the data one has to register The data for version 2 is assumed to be available locally before the SWI can be processed using the toolbox In total 8 layers are retrieved representing 8 different characteristic time lengths T for T 2 1 5 10 20 40 60 and 100 3 11 JRC IES MARS DEKADAL GLOBAL METEOROLOGICAL DATA The MARS ECMWF based meteorological database is a daily weather data base based on various European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF sources The MARS ECMWF data set includes ERA INTERIM from 1989 to March 2013 and OPE operational deterministic ECMWF model data currently covering the period April 2013 April 2014 The ERA INTERIM data set is a reanalysis of the global atmosphere Due to this reanalysis system ERA INTERIM has proven to have better performance compared to previous reanalysis data sets such as ERA 40 see also 3 16 8 The following variables are available mean temperature C maximum temperature C minimum temperature C ETO in mm according to Penman Monteith based on dew point
81. create a MapList for the maximum NDVI climatology call this map list Star mxn clim Also display this MapList as an animated sequence Once more open the Maplist Star smn 1982 and display the map smn 1982 01 use as Representation NDVI1 Add to this map the vector layer showing the country boundaries and use the option boundaries only for display of this vector layer Now from the main ILWIS menu select Operations gt Statistics gt MapList gt MapList Graph In the MapList graph window select as MapList Star smn 1982 use a fixed stretch of 0 to 1 and activate the options Continuous and Always on top Activate the map window showing the previously opened map layer smn 1982 0f Browse with the mouse cursor over the map Note the NDVI time series values in the graph window the X axis shows the time from the first week in January as time step 1 to the last week of December as time step 52 and the Y Axis the NDVI value for during each weekly period for the respective pixel Uncheck the option Continuous and select a pixel and note the time series curve in the MapList Graph window From this window press the drop down button to the right of the MapList selection window in the upper left part of the Graph window Now select the MapList mnn clim and see the resulting graph for this climatology repeat the procedure for the MapList mxn clim Note that these time series values can also be copied to cl
82. d System toolbox batchroutines d toolbox startscript Ji util L 52N EO license txt L CC BY NC 3 0 te config xml The folder GDAL Geospatial Data Abstraction Library contains a translator library for raster geospatial data formats that is released under an X MIT style Open Source license by the Open Source Geospatial Foundation http www gdal org The folder System is storing the ILWIS service EO Toolbox dll _ EO Toolbox dll manifest L GPL v2 bxt i isod ini L Readme txt objects Service objects are used by data objects they contain accessories required by data objects besides the data itself Upon installation of the toolbox these objects are copied to the main ILWIS directory System 13 The folder Toolbox_batchroutines provides the batch files that are used to execute most of the actual operations These files can be opened and modified using a text editor Further information is provided in chapter 2 6 Before you modify a routine first make a backup The folder Toolbox_startscript contains a number of sub directories which contain the ILWIS scripts Upon selection of an import routine from the ISOD Toolbox User Interface a script is called and this script subsequently calls a batch file which executes the operation The scripts can also be opened and modified using ILWIS Further information is provided in chapter 2 5 In the root of the Util folder ILWIS service object
83. d data SC 2002 Proceedings July 14 18 Orlando Florida USA e Pinzon J E J F Pierce and C J Tucker 2001 Analysis of remote sensing data using Hilbert Huang transform SC 2001 Proceedings July 22 25 Orlando Florida USA e Tanre D B N Holben and Y J Kaufman 1992 Atmospheric Correction Algorithms for NOAA AVHRR products Theory and Application IEEE Transactions Geoscience and Remote Sensing 30 231 248 e Vermote E and Y J Kaufman 1995 Absolute calibration of AVHRR visible and near infrared channels using ocean and cloud views nternational Journal of Hemote Sensing 16 13 2317 2340 3 6 2 FEWSNET EMODIS DERIVED NDVI ANOMALY AND HISTORICAL DATA FOR AFRICA Expedited MODIS eMODIS is a process for creating a community specific suite of vegetation monitoring products based on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration s NASA Earth Observing System EOS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS and produced at the U S Geological Survey s USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science EROS Centre Real time and historical Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI products are composited in 10 day intervals every 5 days on a Geographic mapping grid eMODIS 10 day maximum value composite NDVI images at 250m spatial resolution are used to monitor vegetation condition NDVI is a measure of the density of chlorophyll contained in vegetative cover and is defined as NIR RED
84. d press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values for example along the coast of Namibia Note the unit is in degree Celsius From the SOD gt Toolbox main menu select the options NASA Global Ocean Data gt Ocean SST gt ModisT NSST daily Note that the routine expects a year Julian date input e g specify for 31 January 2010 the following time stamp 2010031 Check the output folder and press Import After the import has been completed display the new map created nsst T2010031 use as Representation ss and press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values From the SOD gt Toolbox main menu select the options NASA Global Ocean Data gt Ocean Chlor A ModisT Chlor A daily Note that the routine expects a year Julian date input e g specify for 31 January 2010 the following time stamp 2010031 Check the output folder and press Import After the import has been completed display the new map created chlorA T20100381 use as Representation Pseudo and press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values unit in mg m In a similar manner also the products derived from the MODIS Aqua sensor can be retrieved and p
85. d products which are available here are intended for free and unrestricted use in research education and other non commercial activities The data are available via http www ncdc noaa gov cgi bin res40 pl page gsod html and ftp ftp ncdc noaa gov pub data gsod The input data used in building these daily summaries are the Integrated Surface Data ISD which includes global data obtained from the USAF Climatology Centre The latest daily summary data are normally available 1 2 days after the date time of the observations used in the daily summaries The online data files begin with 1929 and over 9000 stations data are typically available The daily elements included in the dataset available for each station are mean temperature mean dew point mean sea level pressure mean station pressure mean visibility mean wind speed maximum sustained wind speed maximum wind gust maximum temperature minimum temperature precipitation amount snow depth and indicator for the occurrence of fog rain or drizzle snow or ice pellets hail thunder and tornado funnel cloud Upon import the data is converted to SI units 3 2 2 NOAA CPC FEWS GTS Data One important source of information used by NOAA CPC and many other meteorological agencies for weather and climate applications is the gauge observed precipitation reports transmitted through the Global Telecommunications System GTS Together with station reports from other national and international s
86. dd maps 30 in total in the left hand maplist window selected maps are indicated by a blue colour press the gt sign to add them to the right hand Create MapList window and press OK to save the new maplist Double click with the mouse the newly created Maplist PET 201104 In the MapList window select as display option Open as Slide Show as Representation select Pseudo and press OK twice add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Eventually select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the FEWSNET Global PET gt PET till 20140331 gt PET 1 degree daily per year sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified Enter a suitable Date string here as example 2010 can used to process the data for the whole year of 2010 For visualization create a maplist use a similar procedure as indicated above using all daily PET maps of 2010 Note that for the PET products after 30 March 2014 the other day month PET import routines have to be selected form the sub menu PET from 20140331 Procedures work in an identical manner To process a recent Global PET event select a day during the current month From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the FEWSNET Global PET gt PET from 20140831 gt PET 1 degree daily sub menu In this case the Date and the Out
87. dicates that this is the daily product You can repeat the procedure and import the 7 day 15 day or monthly NDVI EVI2 products Note that to obtain the appropriate date stamp for the 7 day product use a multiple of 7 1 e g for the second week of January 2010 use as Date stamp 2010015 Use an identical procedure to get the 15 day or monthly product multiple of 15 1 or multiple of days of month 1 Take normal or leap year occurrence into consideration Note that the output file names start with the temporal interval selected like VIPO7 VIP15 VIP30 for 7 days 15 days and monthly temporal resolution respectively When displaying the retrieved maps use as Representation NDVI1 add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values 4 7 NOAA STAR WEEKLY GLOBAL VEGETATION PRODUCTS Open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration gt Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called STAR For the Folder item under Star specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings Move to the working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the NOAA STAR weekly Global Vegetation Products gt gt Smoothed NDVI
88. dinate system as well as with a latlon wgs84 coordinate system 4 8 FEWSNET GLOBAL PET Open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration gt Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called FEWS PET For the Folder items under FEWS PET specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings Move to the working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again From the SOD gt Toolbox main menu select the FEWSNET Global PET gt PET till 20140331 gt PET 1 degree daily per month sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified Enter a suitable date string here as example 201104 is used to process the data from April 2011 Upon retrieval of the file a looping procedure is started which imports all the daily data of April 2011 When the import has been completed refresh the catalogue from the main ILWIS menu select Window and Refresh open the map pet20110401 using a Pseudo Representation and press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Select from the main ILWIS menu File gt Create gt Map List as Map List name enter PET 201104 select all pet yyyymm
89. e the weather component in NDVI BT and their combination values They fluctuate from O to 100 reflecting changes in vegetation conditions from extremely bad to optimal The weighting factor a in the VHI equation was determined by experience currently a 0 5 Climatology is calculated over 24 years from 1982 to 2005 using weekly maximum and minimum NDVI and channel 4 temperature fields http www star nesdis noaa gov smcd emb vci gvps gvps climatology data php 3 9 GLOBAL ELEVATION DATA 3 9 1 GMTED 2010 The USGS and the NGA have collaborated on the development of a notably enhanced global elevation model named the GMTED2010 that replaces GTOPO30 as the elevation dataset of choice for global and continental scale applications The new model has been generated at three separate resolutions horizontal post spacing of 30 arc seconds about 1 kilometer 15 arc seconds about 500 meters and 7 5 arc seconds about 250 meters This new product suite provides global coverage of all land areas from lat 84 N to 56 S for most products and coverage from 84 N to 90 S for several products GMTED2010 is based on data derived from 11 raster based elevation sources The new elevation products have been produced using the following aggregation methods minimum elevation maximum elevation mean elevation median elevation standard deviation of elevation Systematic subsample and breakline emphasis Metadata have also been produced to identify the
90. e ITC GEONETCast web pages eee 84 Appendix 3 Changelog a 5 1 i Ente eiecit tu Tee HE HEPEO Pi Pn 85 This page is blank T GENERAL INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION INSTRUCTIONS 1 1 INTRODUCTION Follow the instructions provided below to install ILWIS Version 3 7 2 the ISOD Toolbox and a number of other free software utilities in order to work with the data provided via open internet resources Read the instructions provided below carefully and proceed with the installation of the various utilities In case you want to use the ISOD Toolbox be aware that at this moment it is not running under LINUX Ubuntu Furthermore this ISOD Toolbox version is not downwards compatible you need to use at least ILWIS Version 3 7 2 1 2 DOWNLOAD ILWIS Available from http 52north org From this location select the navigation tab Downloads or directly select http 52North org downloads ILWIS Select the latest multiple file ILWIS372 version ILWIS 3 07 02 and download the ZIP file s save the file s in a temporary directory on your hard disk Unzip the file and run the ILWIS setup When you intend to use the ISOD Toolbox do not install ILWIS372 under the default installation directory C Program Files as this might cause problems with respect to administration rights especially under Windows 7 when creating temporary files and because the toolbox is utilizing DOS batch routines which can be affect
91. e a looping procedure is started which imports all the dekadal NDVI data of 1995 When the import has been completed refresh the catalogue from the main ILWIS menu select Window and Refresh open the map fewsndvi 950101 using a NDVI1 Representation and press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Select from the main ILWIS menu File gt Create gt Map List as Map List name enter FEWS NDVI 1995 select all fewsndvi yyyymmdecdec maps 36 in total in the left hand maplist window selected maps are indicated by a blue colour press the gt sign to add them to the right hand Create MapList window and press OK to save the new maplist Double click with the mouse the newly created Maplist FEWS NDVI 1995 In the MapList window select as display option Open as Slide Show as Representation select NDVI1 and press Ok twice add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values In a similar manner also the NDVI N16 Long term mean NDVI N16 Short term mean NDVI N17 bulk download NOAA 17 Calibration and NDVI N17 Short term mean can be retrieved and processed Note that the Long Term Mean was calculated from data for the period 1982 to 2008 The Short Term Mean was calculated from data for the period 2004 to 2008 For NDVI 17 the Short Term M
92. e import and radiometric calibration of LANDSAT 8 partial import of large GEOTIF and SHAPE files NOAA STAR Vegetation products time series CHIRPS global rainfall POWER JRC MARS Meteorological data and CPC Global Forecasting System Landsat 8 product from USGS e Geotif import imported as Ulnt32 e Radiometric calibration implemented o DN to Radiance o Radiance to Reflectance corrected for sun angle o Radiance to Temperature for bands 10 and 11 e Using the parameters from the header file MTL_txt e PDF document is included describing the procedure Partial import of large GEOTIF and SHAPE files using GDAL_Translate and OGR2OGR e Using gdalinfo and ogrinfo to obtain map extent e Subsequent import of TIF file based on user defined map extent e Import of partial SHAPE file using the user defined map extent to clip the output vector file The import is only possible if the map layer name is identical to the shape file name For both routines use is made of powershell based sub menu s The ps1 files are situated in the respective toolbox_startscript sub directories here Landsat8 and shp_tif_imporrt Added routine to visualize the latest NOAA CPC Forecasts from the Global Forecasting System GFS under the Web Mapping Services Added routine to retrieve and process CHIRPS pentad and monthly rainfall Added routine to retrieve and process JRC MARS ECMWF based meteorological data Added routine to retrieve and process time
93. ea tiant au 11 OVERVIEW OF THE ISOD TOOLBOX ARCHITECTURE e eren nnns 13 2 1 introduction Pee 13 2 2 Structure of the ISOD toolbox eeeeeeeeeeeeeee eene 13 2 3 Structure of the Config xml eeeeeeeeseeeeseesseeeseeseeene eene nnnn enhn nnn nana 14 2 4 General ISOD Toolbox Configuration Folder Settings 16 2 5 Structure of the ISOD Toolbox Scripts esee 17 2 6 Structure of the ISOD Toolbox Batch Routines eeeeeeeeeennneennnnn 18 2 7 Advanced USe a ronieeec icai nudus as anra nat E Una ra Enn Ka EU E Ra RURR RR ER CRNCUR EUR 21 2 8 Concluding remark ueeeeeeeiiieeeeeeiseeeseeseeeneneennnnn nnn nhnm nans s nnnm annis nsns aussi 21 EXPLORING THE INTERNET RESOURCES USING THE ISOD TOOLBOX 23 3 1 ulgeeitleilreeE 23 3 2 Online n Situ Climate Databases e eee nennen nnn nnn 23 3 2 1 NCDC Integrated Surface Data ISD ssssssssssssssseeeeeeeeeneen nennen 23 322 NOAA CPG FEWS GTS Dala ebbe bete eet tectae see ei es gene Sen idees 23 3 2 8 Current Weather Conditions from TAF ccccccccccccccceeeccceeceeeeeceeceeseeeeeseeeceueuaeeseeeeeeseueseeees 24 3 3 Gauge based and Satellite derived Rainfall Data
94. ean was calculated from data for the period 2003 to 2008 There is no Long Term Mean for the NDVI 17 product 4 5 2 FEWSNET eMODIS derived NDVI Before starting to retrieve the data first some general remarks on the conventions used for the eMODIS products Recent dekadal data is available for 012010 onwards each year is consisting of 72 periods Note the period s definition period 1 is from Dec26 Jan5 for a given year period 2 is from Jani Jan10 for a given year period 71 is from Dec16 Dec25 for a given year and period 72 is from Dec21 Dec31 for a given year The older data organized per month 6 files for the 6 dekades is available from 2001 onwards as well as a short term mean per period from 2001 2010 First a recent Temporally Smoothed NDVI Mean Anomaly and Previous Year Difference map is going to be retrieved for the eastern African region Open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration gt Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called FEWS NDVT For the Folder item under FEWS NDVI specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings Move to the working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again To import a recent eMODIS NDVI images from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI Africa
95. ed A stratospheric aerosol correction has been applied during April 82 Dec 84 and June 91 Dec 93 to correct for stratospheric aerosols due to volcanic eruptions Tanre Holben and Kaufman 91 The corrections use a hybrid of retrieved optical thicknesses Vermott et al 95 and modeled thicknesses from GISS Artefacts in the NDVI due to satellite drift have been corrected using the empirical mode decomposition EMD procedure The correction is especially important in tropical regions For details see the paper of Pinzon et al 2004 referenced below The Vlg correction has been applied to the GIMMS Vid data that has had the desert calibration applied for NOAA 7 14 Los 1998 Scaling Info NDVI is archived as byte data files In the formula below the data once imported is referred to as the raw data To recover the 1 to 1 range of NDVI use the following formula NDVI raw 250 After conversion Water pixels have a value of 1 0200 and 1 0160 are masked pixels and missing are 1 0120 source http earlywarning usgs gov fews africa web readme php symbol nd This algorithm is applied when processing the data using the ISOD toolbox The AVHRR sensor the sensor used to derive the Africa dekadal AVHRR NDVI onboard the NOAA 17 satellite has been encountering major degradation problems The NDVI data derived from the NOAA 17 AVHRR sensor are no longer valid and are no longer staged or distributed until further notice NASA is currently i
96. ed from the GRIB file for this time step and is displayed using Notepad for appropriate operations see installation instructions in chapter 1 The layer numbering of the meta data file is identical to the suffix used in the map list name In order to display the wind speed select layer 23 using as Representation Pseudo note the unit is in m s As various map lists are at your disposal one for each 3 hour time step it is also possible to create daily integrated maps As example here the Evaporation layer 8 is used Select from the main ILWIS menu Fil gt Create gt Map Lis as Map List name enter ET select all GLDAS NOAHO025 3H A2005300 8 maps note that stands for each 3 hourly time step 00 03 06 09 12 15 18 8 in total in the left hand maplist window selected maps are indicated by a blue colour press the gt sign to add them to the right hand Create MapList window and press OK to save the new maplist Double click with the mouse the newly created Maplist ET In the MapList window select as display option Open as Slide Show as Representation select Pseudo and press OK twice add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Note that also over the land surface there are no data pixels and negative values Furthermore note that the unit is still in kg m2 Close the animation window when fin
97. ed by the space in the directory file name Program Files Select as your installation drive directory a location where you have the proper administrative rights e g D ILWIS372 In the ILW IS372 directory a shortcut to the LWIS exe can be created you can copy this shortcut to the desktop of your system Please take into consideration straight from the start the following golden rules when using ILWIS e Don t use spaces in directory or file names instead use underscores e Do not only use numbers as file names e Do not work in multiple output directories e Start ILWIS navigate to your working directory and close ILWIS Open ILWIS again to ensure that your current working directory is also the actual ILWIS working directory 1 3 DOWNLOAD THE ISOD TOOLBOX Available from http 52north org To download the ISOD Toolbox from the 52North website Select from the 52north org website the navigation tab Earth Observation Additional information is provided over there as well as the link to the download area You can also directly download the Toolbox from http 52north org downloads earth observation select ISOD Download the Zip file 52n eo isod toolbox 1 4 available over there and store it in a temporary directory Eventually download other resources provided over there After the download is completed copy this ZIP file in the ILWIS sub directory Extensions There is no need to unzip the file IL
98. ed precipitation data from the ISOD and Toolbox main menu select the Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global Rainfal gt gt CPC Gauge Based Analysis of Global Daily Precipitation gt Real time version daily data 0 5 degree 20090101 sub menu This option allows import of daily interpolated gauge based precipitation starting from 2009 Specify the Date stamp in the required format yyyymmdd here 20121201 is used note the Output Directory and press Import Note that the data for the intermediate period 20060101 20081231 can be retrieved using the toolbox option Real time version daily data 0 5 degree 2006 to 2008 Upon completion of the import display the map CPC Pgauge 20121201 using as representation MPE surmr Add the country boundaries unchecking the display option Info and activating the option Boundaries only Your results should resemble those of figure 4 2 2 Figure 4 2 2 CPC unified Gauge Based Global Daily Precipitation of 20121201 i CPC Pgauge 20121201 iff d Wworking dirktrPgauge 201212011 recomposed gt 999 d Working dirMtrPgauge DBR File Edi Layers Options Help DO x 4 9 n B gi 233022508 MBB country 02 Properties i BB CPC Pgauge 20 ES Properties Legend L 0 00000000 100 000000 200 000000 300 000000 Bl 400000000 112 45 34 21 55 4 N 157935 46 15 W 34 21 55 38 N 157 3546 15 W 50 4 2 3 Various onli
99. el information to inspect the values Also note the difference in geographical extent between the RFE1 and RFE2 versions To derive appropriate rainfall climatology the procedure as described above can be applied Recently the ARC2 data set became available providing the mean monthly dekadal and daily precipitation currently derived from rainfall estimates of 1983 up to 2011 To import the monthly ARC2 data select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt FEWSNET Rainfall Climatology Africa gt RFE ARC2 Climatology Africa gt RFE monthly mean climatology sub menu In this case only Output Directory needs to be specified and press Import After the data has been retrieved and imported using a looping procedure click with the mouse on the ILWIS catalogue and press F5 or select from the ILWIS main menu Window Hefresh Now create a maplist of the 12 newly created RFE mean dekadal rainfall maps rfe clim monthO1 to rfe clim month12 and show this as an animation Select from the main ILWIS menu File Create gt Map List as Map List name enter RHFE clim month select all rfe clim month maps 12 in total in the left hand maplist window selected maps are indicated by a blue colour press the gt sign to add them to the right hand Create MapList window and press OK to save the new maplist Double click with the mouse the newly created
100. els based on the recognition of storm clouds and calibration against ground based rain gauge data see also http www met reading ac uk tamsat about Using this set of retrieval routines the 10 day accumulated RFE rainfall product can be retrieved as well as the monthly accumulated rainfall products Furthermore decadal anomaly and monthly anomaly rainfall products can be retrieved The online archive currently contains 10 day and monthly rainfall data from 1983 onwards Also 30 year rainfall climatology from 1983 2012 is available from here The data covers Africa and has a spatial resolution of 0 0375 degree geographic coordinates in lat lon The seasonal rainfall totals are not used within the ISOD Toolbox these can be easily constructed by the user applying an aggregation function 3 3 11 X Concluding remark There are more rainfall resources online like the Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observation Data Integration Towards Evaluation of the Water Resources APHRODITE http Awww chikyu ac jp precip products index html but unfortunately not anonymous accessible In the near future also the precipitation data will become available from the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission PGM http omm nasa gov GPM If users face problems importing online data sources not included within the current capability of the ISOD toolbox they should not hesitate to contact the corresponding author Once the new GPM data 29 is availab
101. en nennen 42 3 16 3 Current Position of the Africa ITF 2 cccccceceeceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeesaeeeeeseseeseeeeceeeeteneeeeeenees 42 3 16 4 NOAA Weather Charts ccccccceeesceceeeeeeeeeeeeeenaaeeeeecaeeeeeenaeeceeseeceeeeeeceeeeeesecaeeeseeneeeeeeeeas 42 3 16 5 CPC Global Forecasting system ssssssseeeeeeenerenneeen emn nennen eren nens 43 3 16 6 NASA POWER Agroclimatology seeeseeeeeeennenn enne emen 43 3 16 7 NOAA CPC SST and SST Anomaly seen nne nnne nennen nnns 44 3 16 8 ECMWF Re Analysis data edet benedi titer Hee ti eR dett diminue Rn 44 3 16 9 Online Maps iiie en eec e RS Ree Up LO ER EIE LEHRER ERE E rode pues 44 3 17 Display Julian Day tables 1esseeeeeeeeeeeeeee esee nennen nnne 44 4 PRACTICAL EXERCISES USING THE ISOD TOOLBOX ss 45 4 1 Online climatic data retrieval eeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeseesseneseeenen ennt 45 4 1 d trod ction 2 ie o e OR OE EUR eee ED eee eges 45 4 1 2 Global Surface Summary of Day Data GSOD seen 45 4 1 8 GTS station data on precipitation and temperature eseee 47 4 1 4 Current Weather Conditions using Terminal Aerodrome Forecast TAF data 49 4 2 Gauge based and Satellite derived Rainfall Data 49 4 2 1 Introduction ote dps eto i dide e
102. er data from the agricultural or drought service the raster maps have to be resampled To import Fire products select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the options AMESD SADC THEMA products gt SADC Fire gt Canadian Forest Fire Danger Index Specify an appropriate Date stamp now defined as yyyymmad note the Output directory defined and press mport Display the map CS R_cfwi_yyyymmdd1200_ci use the default Representation eventually add the country boundaries using as display options boundaries only and info off Move the mouse cursor over the map display window keeping the left mouse button pressed to inspect the map classes Also note that a map CSIR cfwi yyyymmdd1200 val is created this map is containing the values without classification The Fire Danger Index LFDI is a forecast product As Date stamp the actual day needs to be provided and the forecast period e g 2013021372 The LFDI is retrieved for 18 February 2013 and the forecasting period is 72 hours Note that this product is displayed using IrfanView check under Configuration gt Folders gt Special Locations if the lview executable is properly defined Specify an appropriate date stamp press mport and the LFDI map is shown To close the map press lt Esc gt To retrieve a Burned Area Product the start and end time stamps in Day of the Year format are required To see the
103. ere YYYY is the 4 digit year These files are containing a year of daily 365 or 366 in leap year data files The Month Collection of daily PET images are 2 Mb per file month The naming convention is pet YYYYMM tar gz where YYYY is the 4 digit year and MM is the 2 digit month of year These files are containing a month of daily 28 31 data files For the individual day PET images also retrieval and processing routines are developed Yearly global PET data is available from 2001 onwards up to the last full year Monthly data can also be extracted from 2001 onwards Daily global PET data can be retrieved up to a year before present Further information can be obtained from http earlywarning usgs gov fews global web dwnglobalpet php Upon retrieval import the data is converted to mm per day As from 30 March 2014 the file format has changes the bytes are not swapped any longer therefore new routines are available to process the more recent daily and monthly PET data References for Calculations e Allen R G L Pereira D Raes and M Smith 1998 Crop Evapotranspiration Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy FAO publication 56 ISBN 92 5 104219 5 290p e Shuttleworth W J 1992 Evaporation In D Maidment Handbook of Hydrology McGraw Hill e Smith M 1992 Expert consultation on the revision of FAO methodologies for crop water requirements FAO Rome Italy 60pp 3 5 MOD16 GLOBAL PE
104. erived NDVI sss 60 4 5 2 FEWSNET eMODIS derived NDVI oriin ionin e aA nennen enne 61 4 6 MEaSUREs Global VI Products V2 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneene nnne nnn 64 6 4 7 NOAA STAR weekly global Vegetation Products esses 64 4 8 Global Elevation Data essen nennen nennen nenne nnns nennen nnn 65 48 1 S GMTED 2010 1th oen m n eU ehe hie penes 65 4 8 2 SHIM Version 4 coded e ideae eec ee i deca tie t dette 66 48 3 ASTER ODEM Version 2 isi rdi rh eed tpe etse yer get erede ete ddr he eo E qo Ren 67 4 9 Copernicus Global Land Service SWI eese 68 4 10 JRC IES MARS dekadal Global Meteo Data eene 68 4 11 NASA Global Ocean Data si siiis aaneen eaaa ddanik nidan 69 4 12 Global Land Data Assimilation System eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 70 A221 GEDAS Noal model 2 4 t oie dade ate d tecter 70 4 12 2 GLDAS Soil Surface Moisture Skin Temperature ssssssssssseeeee 72 4 13 AMESD SADC online products 2 ccccesecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseseeeeeseeeeeseeseeeeeeseneeeeeneaes 73 4 13 1 Introduction to the AMESD SADC online products 73 4 13 2 gt SADG AGriCUItUre iia s co sie eec ertet eie tete RD e atlases OR Jee ieee 74 4 13 3 SADG Drought i 55 cet eden eiie ee ite eere pretend dece 75 43 4 SADG Fite 1e deti pe se
105. erpolation display the map and check your results obtained Use as Representation mpe single To add the country boundaries to the map display select the option Layers gt Add Layer and select the polygon map Country 02 As display option unselect the item Info and specify the option Boundaries Only Press OK to display the map Also add the gts 20121201 point map to the active map display In the Display Options Point Map click the Symbol button and as Size specify 3 and as fill colour select Red and press OK twice 47 Figure 4 1 4 Georeference details and moving average parameter settings ae GeoReference Name Pon Map E Prep z Description Minimum 0 0 Maximum 94 0 Weight Function GeoRef Corners Inverse Distance GeoRef Tiepoints C Linea Decrease GeoRef Direct Linear C GeoRef Ortho Photo Weight Exponent 1 000 Limiting Distance 7 C GeoRef Parallel Projective I Use Spherical Distance C GeoRef 3 D display OupuRaserMap ote_2oizi21 Coordinate System tatonwasea ts 3 GeoReference M B Pixel size p p poo GeoReference Comers gls sub MinLatLon 30 p ooo lh po o ooo jw Vie Range T 340 MextatLon 65 o poo N ad o poo E Piecison o3 Iv Center of Comer pixels e 701 lines and 1001 columns Map will use 2 bytes per pixel Lok Cancel Help show Deme Cancel Hep N
106. ersi E Online InSitu Climate Databases Gauge Satelite derived Rainfall Data E FEWSNET Global PET MOD16 Global ET E FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI A MESURE Global VI Products V2 E NOAA STAR weekly Global Vegetatioi E Global Elevation Data amp GMTED2010 SRTM Version 4 ASTER GDEM Version 2 Copernicus Global Land Service JRCES MARS dekadal Global Meteo E NASA Global Ocean Data Global Land Data Assimilation System E AMESD SADC THEMA products LANDSAT USGS E Web Mapping Services 5 Point Operations E Polygon Operations E Raster Operations f Rasterize fh SEBS Tools BR Segment Operations Spatial Reference Operationd M Statistics M Table Operations FE Vectorize Visualization EE WFS Ethiopia E Script Partial import of large Geotif Shape file Display Julian Day tables Configuration Folders 4 m In Situ and Online Data Toolbox Config XML version 1 4 2 2 STRUCTURE OF THE ISOD TOOLBOX To operate the ISOD toolbox the Zip file 52n eo isod toolbox 1 4 is copied under the ILWIS sub directory Extensions Once a new event of ILWIS372 is started this ZIP file is extracted and the content is stored in the sub directory SOD Toolbox within the same Extensions sub directory Within the SOD Toolbox sub directory a number of other sub directories appear see figure 2 2 Figure 2 2 Toolbox sub directory structure J GDAL
107. ervices gt Online Maps gt Show MS Virtual Earth and press Import In the new popup window set your map latitude and longitude coordinate as well as zoom factor Enter here for latitude 52 308 and as longitude 4 758 zoom factor of 12 and press OK You should see Schiphol International Airport situated on the south western fringe of Amsterdam the Netherlands Eventually unselect Labels pan and zoom according to your preference 4 11 DISPLAY JULIAN DAY TABLES This application was inserted for easy reference As a number of products use Julian Day format for their date stamps the tables can be consulted to quickly transform a calendar date to a Julian Day Two tables are available one for normal and one for leap years To start the routine select from the SOD Toolbox main menu the option Display Julian Day Tables and subsequently select the Normal or Leap year table and press Import The table is displayed and for each Julian day the corresponding calendar date is given 80 5 CONCLUSIONS This manual is mainly focussing on data retrieval and visualization of the various free environmental data sources residing on the internet Other documents demonstrating how to further process the data can be found under the links indicated in appendix 2 Various environmental data resources especially time series of data are currently freely available through the internet but the potential User Community is
108. es four land surface models LSMs Mosaic Noah the Community Land Model CLM and the Variable Infiltration Capacity VIC More information is available at the Land Data Assimilation Systems LDAS http Idas gsfc nasa gov and Land Information System LIS http lis gsfc nasa gov websites Further information is given in ftp hydro1 sci gsfc nasa gov data sapa GLDAS V1 README GLDAS pdf 38 The temporal resolution for the GLDAS products is 3 hourly Monthly products are also generated through temporal averaging of the 3 hourly products Output from the GLDAS Noah model GLDAS NOAHO25SUBP 3H in original GRIB format is retrieved using the routines developed within the ISOD toolbox Only the 3 hourly products are extracted Other model output can be found at http disc sci gsfc nasa gov services grads gds gldas and the Noah model data is retrieved from ftp hydro1 sci gsfc nasa gov data s4pa GLDAS V1 GLDAS NOAHO25SUBP 3H The listing below provided a summary of the data available within each 3 hourly GRIB file All the 8 files for a single day are automatically retrieved and processed During processing all pixels with a value of 9999 are assigned no data Summary of the data layers as well as their unit available at 3 hourly temporal intervals from day of the year 055 2000 up to 274 2012 are currently available as from February 2013 check the ftp link above for the actual status is given below It has been noted tha
109. es instances of ILWIS which have started using this batch routine Start of batch file listing fews emodis ndvi sa bat 1 echo off echo Extract FEWS eMODIS NDVI echo From 012010 to 1 month before present echo eMODIS 10 day maximum value composite NDVI images at 250m spatial resolution echo Note periods odd and even periods echo File name format sa3711 zip sa south africa 37 period 37 and 11 year 2011 echo Time string entered for example 012010 echo echo oND RLN 18 10 set longfilename 1 11 set shortfilename1 longfilename 2 4 12 set period longfilename 0 2 13 set mnthtif period 14 set deccounter mnithtif 0 1 15 if deccounter EQU 0 set mnthtif mnithtif 1 1 16 rem input year 4 digits 17 set shortfilename2 longfilename 2 4 18 rem input input year 2 digits 19 set shortfilename3 longfilename 4 2 20 set InputDrive 2 21 set InputDir 3 22 set OutputDrive 4 23 set OutputDir 5 24 set gdalDir 6 25 set IlwDir 7 26 set UtilDir 8 27 cd 28 OutputDrive 29 cd OutputDir 30 echo your current working directory OutputDrive OutputDir 31 echo 32 echo 33 UtilDir wget wget exe http igskmncngs600 cr usgs gov ftp2 africa emodis sa emnthtif shortfilename3 zip 34 echo off 35 if not exist OutputDrive OutputDir sa mnthtif shortfilename3 zip goto MESSAGE 36 echo The file s sa mnthtif shortfilename3 zip has been retrieved
110. esentation Pseudo eventually add the country boundaries using as display options boundaries only and info off Move the mouse cursor over the map display window keeping the left mouse button pressed to inspect the map values This map is showing varying risk of drought occurring currently and into the near future 3 months based on current conditions PASG or percentage of cumulative rainfall and the three month outlook product provided by the SAWS see also below chapter 4 9 5 Inputs are the 3 month rainfall outlook and either percentage of long term average rainfall for a recent period or PASG for a recent period The advantage is that this product also represents the intensity of the drought in different shades which is not apparent in the Drought Risk Map Boolean type The algorithm applied is Drought risk graded A 1 B Where A 3 month chance for rainfall below 33rd percentile expressed as factor ranging between 0 and 1 B PASG expressed as factor ranging between 0 and 1 or B Rainfall as a percentage of average expressed as a factor ranging between 0 and 1 4 13 4 SADC Fire The products are mainly created by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR Meraka in South Africa apart from the MSG WildFire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm product Data are transferred to the BDMS online server These products come with a different georeference and if they need to be integrated with oth
111. eudo eventually add the country boundaries using as display options boundaries only and info off This map shows the progressive sum of dekadal rainfall estimates since the start of season and is updated every 10 days The rainfall is cumulated from the start of season up to the end of season The start of season and end of season for the SADC has been defined as from September to April The product is created by summing up the rainfall estimates from the start of season up to the current period Open from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the options AMESD SADC THEMA products gt SADC Agriculture gt Products from Meteorological Ground Measurements gt Current Conditions Air Temperature Map Specify an appropriate Date stamp note the Output directory defined and press Import Display the map AMESD gT yyyymmdekdek use as Representation Pseudo eventually add the country boundaries using as display options boundaries only and info off The ground measurement products use data obtained from ftp fto ncdc noaa gov pub data gsod This product is generated by interpolation of daily air temperature measurements At the end of the ten days the daily air temperature are averaged to come up with a 10 day average temperature map Air temperature is one of the weather elements which determine plant growth and development during the ploughing season Very high temperatures immediately after ploughin
112. f ES Properties 5 164 63 56 S0 16 8 N 6 55 12 00 W 56 50 16 80 N 6 55 12 00 W As additional exercise repeat above described procedure and use the minimum or maximum temperature as provided by GTS daily data Use the same geographical window and same interpolation procedure Furthermore you can specify another geographic window by creating another georeference and retrieve the rainfall for this newly defined region eventually specify another date 48 4 1 4 Current Weather Conditions using Terminal Aerodrome Forecast TAF data From the ISOD and Toolbox menu select the following options Online InSitu Climate Databases gt Current Weather Conditions from TAF gt Terminal Aerodrome Forecast station data and press the option Load code file and try to find the appropriate ICAO code Type Amsterdam in the second Key field case sensitive and note the code for Amsterdam Schiphol Enter the ICAO code here EHAM again Case Sensitive for the CODE stamp and press Import The report is showing the Current Weather Conditions and a summary of the last 24 hours for Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Netherlands This document is stored on your output drive directory as well using airport code and time format given as CAOcode yyyymmddhhmm html The time format is obtained from the time settings of your system when extracting the file If you are interested in obtaining regula
113. f 201 1 1073 pdf of2011 1073 pdf The routines within the ISOD toolbox retrieve the breakline emphasis elevation products for the various resolutions 3 9 2 SRTM Version 4 The SRTM digital elevation data produced by NASA originally was a major breakthrough in digital mapping of the world and provides a major advance in the accessibility of high quality elevation data for large portions of the tropics and other areas of the developing world The SRTM digital elevation data provided by CGIAR has been processed to fill data voids The data is provided in an effort to promote the use of geospatial science and applications for sustainable development and resource conservation in the developing world Digital elevation models DEM for the entire globe covering all of the countries of the world are available The SRTM 90m DEM s have a resolution of 90m at the equator and are provided in mosaiced 5 by 5 degree tiles All are produced from a seamless dataset to allow easy mosaicking source http srtm csi cgiar org The data is projected in a Geographic Lat Long projection with the WGS84 horizontal datum and the EGM96 vertical datum For further information on the SRTM Version 4 details and the product history consult the CGIAR website given above 35 The toolbox routine calculates the corresponding index number from the lower left hand Latitude and Longitude coordinate pair and subsequently extracts the elevation tile The data is current
114. f the input and output directories for each folderid that is defined in the Config xml This file is storing the settings as defined from the Toolbox menu options Configuration gt gt Folders Further information on the folder settings is provided in chapter 2 4 The file EO Toolbox dll contains the layout of the User Interface of the ISOD Toolbox and generates the full ILWIS command string that executes the script batch file defines and passes the parameters that are used like the time stamp input drive input directory output drive output directory ILWIS directory etc Up to 9 parameters are used to execute a Toolbox operation The file EO Toolbox dll manifest is used by the operating system for certification of the appropriate DLL Furthermore included are a Readme txt and the 52N EO license txt which can be opened using a text editor These files provide relevant license and additional information on this toolbox release The files CC BY NC 3 0 txt and GLP v2 txt provide further details on the Creative Commons and GNU General Public License information applicable respectively NOTE As from ILWIS38 a new version of the EO Toolbox dll has to be used This file can be downloaded from the Earth Observation Downloads Area http 52north org communities earth observation When using ILWIS38 copy this file into the ILWIS directory Extensions ISOD Toolbox Eventually overwrite the existing EO Toolbo
115. forming a time weighting interpolation between microwave derived features that have been propagated forward in time from the previous microwave observation and those that have been propagated backward in time from the following microwave scan This latter step is referred to as morphing of the features source http www cpc ncep noaa gov products janowiak cmorph description html The 8 km 30 minute 0 25 degree 3 hourly and daily CMORPH data sets can be found on the ftp cpc ncep noaa gov precip server in the CMORPH_V1 0 CRT directory CPC has been performing a reprocessing of the CMORPH using a fixed algorithm and inputs of the same versions The reprocessed CMORPH is called Version 1 0 The previous version 0 x of CMORPH that CPC has been generating since CMORPH became operational in December 2002 is now replaced by version 1 0 Data is available from 1998 onwards The major differences between Version 0 x and Version 1 0 are e The Version 1 0 covers the entire TRMM GPM era from Jan 1998 to the present while the Version 0 x started from Dec 2002 e The Version 1 0 is generated using a fixed algorithm and inputs of fixed versions to ensure best possible homogeneity while the Version 0 x has been produced using an evolving algorithm and inputs of changing versions and therefore presents substantial inhomogeneity especially over the earlier years of its operations 2003 2006 e The Version 1 0 include the raw satellite only precipi
116. g SDDI html grib html The data provided there is deleted after 24 hours This routine needs a fast internet connection as a lot of files are transferred 96 from MSG one file for each 15 minutes interval Rainfall intensities are given in mm per hour per time interval After the import of all 96 images has been completed select from the main ILWIS menu File gt Create gt Map List as Map List name enter MPE recent select all msgmpeyyyymmddhhmm maps 96 in total in the left hand maplist window selected maps are now indicated by a blue colour press the gt sign to add them to the right hand Create MapList window and press OK to save the new maplist Double click with the mouse the newly created Maplist MPE recent In the MapList window select as display option Open as Slide Show as Representation select mpe single and press Ok twice add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Eventually import also the MPE derived from Meteosat 7 and repeat the procedure as indicated above note that the temporal resolution of MET 7 is half hourly therefore 48 files are retrieved and processed Here also the rainfall is in mm hr per instance Note the occurrence of blocks with high precipitation values these areas should be disregarded might be the result from a processing problem 54 4 2 3 8 Africa Rainfall Estimate RFE and Clim
117. g how to apply this toolbox in conjunction with other ILWIS functionality When running the toolbox under ILWIS 372 and you want to use ILWIS 38 for visualization animation copy the ILWIS service objects available under your ILWIS 372 sub directory Extensions ISOD Toolbox System into the ILWIS 38 sub directory system When using the ISOD Toolbox you agree and comply with the conditions of the software utilities used as well as the terms and conditions stipulated by various online data providers for the use or references to the source of the data Further license notes are described in the files 52N_ EO license txt CC BY NC 3 0 txt and Readme txt situated in the root folder of the ISOD toolbox Table of Contents 1 GENERAL INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION INSTRUCTIONS 9 1 1 PAE OCUI CHOI ER E ce ccr 9 1 2 Download IL WIS P 9 1 3 Download the ISOD ToolbOX eeeeeeeeeeeee eene nnn nnne aaa 9 1 4 Download d8V4 2212 dere 222 Sa cadeucevewsedesveddadavvcddsdevesscudsveccdudseevetsdvesustsdvencadanes 10 1 5 Download IrfanV Ie W oe eire ratu daa neat uacua a aao aua ran asa ak ca cana kane agas E anas sake na nea ER aaaRER 10 1 6 Download Notepad eeeeeeeeeeeeees ainiaan aaiae aiaiai 10 1 7 D wnload Panoply E Y 11 1 8 Concluding remarks 12 e eect ive dae Seca e ee coetus Lees aae s Sca quen E cca asas D
118. g may cause crop germination failure and plant wilting during the development stage due to high evaporation and transpiration while very low temperatures at harvesting period may cause frost bite to crops thus causing poor yield 74 4 13 3 SADC Drought Some of the SADC Drought products are created by the Agricultural Research Council from South Africa For some of the products a resampling is performed to ensure that these products have the same georeference as those from the agricultural service Open from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the options AMESD SADC THEMA products gt SADC Drought gt Vegetation Performance Maps gt Long Term Average NDVI Specify an appropriate Date stamp note the Output directory defined and press Import Display the map AMESD LtavgNDVI yyyymmdekdek use as Representation Pseudo eventually add the country boundaries using as display options boundaries only and info off This product is calculated as NDVIA1 NDVIAx x where x is the number of years considered and A is a specific 10 day period Furthermore you will note that the data is scaled in a byte range To convert to real NDVI values a scaling 0 004 and offset 0 1 according to the VGT4Africa User Guide Manual 2006 have to be applied Type the following expression on the ILWIS command line NDVI_LtavgReal 0 004 AMESD_LtavgNDVI_yyyymmdekdek 0 1 Where NDVI_LtavgReal is the
119. get cde hela A oe evades Mah sac etes 49 4 2 2 CPC unified Gauge Based analysis of Global Daily Precipitation ssssss 49 4 2 8 Various online satellite derived precipitation estimates seeeene 51 42 34 GMORBBEL iniu aee eene eg EG He Hie p He eg Re ei alin taste 51 42 32 QMORBPE22 3 degeite terius beaded suas de gobde toe ute eee ra ede ude dde ye dede ibd guns 52 42 3 39 TRMM cient tede Iro Pate bee die eee ied tienen licen edn eas 52 4 2 3 4 QWADEPERSIANN 4 1 eei ed e bd lie hdd dd e dien 53 4 2 3 5 OHIBPS Global oreet re oe Gere tere e lan eet eden Pese 53 4 2 8 6 JRC MARS Global iie eececceceeseeeeceeeceseeeesaeeeseeseeesseeseeeesseesseeseeseeseeesieeseeeseeeeaes 54 BOSE MIPE cl ianuae eee aire i die UT S 54 4 2 3 8 X Africa Rainfall Estimate RFE and Climatology Version 2 ARC2 55 4 2 3 9 S TAMS ATL fs ots tik cal e eol aea abe Sayles a aloe el err adeb quas Pel cate Lave doe aet Ls 56 4 2 4 Data extraction and import automation for generation of time series precipitation data 57 4 3 MOD 16 Global ET and PET dadadada dadadada daada eite adadad adadad daadaa 58 4 4 FEWSNET Global PET 1 iioii terne ete teres tna aces usano ce cesa nece aiias Decide iade 60 4 5 FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI for Africa eeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeenee 60 4 5 1 FEWSNET NOAA16 and 17 d
120. he Pan Function to scroll over the map window Your results should resemble those given in figure 4 8 1 Close the map when finished In an identical manner the GMTED 15 Arc Sec 500 m and GMTED 7 5 Arc Sec 250 m can be retrieved and processed Note that due to the increased spatial resolution the file sizes increase Note that the output file name is indicating the spatial resolution selected e g gmted150_ and gmted075 Figure 4 8 1 GMTED 30 Arc Seconds visualization File Edit Layers Options Help OQARA nsa E MA d basemapsic Ba E Legend o 1000 5000 0 EG BB colshadow M I ES Properties r7 4321656 46 2418 5 N 13 47 43 56 E 46 24 18 48 N 13 4743 56 E 4 8 2 SRTM Version 4 From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Global Elevation Data gt SRTM Version 4 gt SRTM 3 Arc Sec 90 m 5 X 5 degree tiles sub menu In this case Lower Left Latitude and Longitude Corner coordinates have to be specified Note that the Latitude interval is 5 degrees up to 60 degrees 66 north and south and the longitude interval is also 5 degrees from W180 to E180 Enter a suitable lower left corner coordinate pair N S W and E are case sensitive enter them as capital In this example for Lat S20 and Long E0170 are used Check the output folder and press Import Note that the coordinate pair used is transformed into the corresponding SRTM tile index numbe
121. he following items Panoply exe application application code files in a folder called jars colour tables in a folder called colorbars continent masks and outlines in a folder called overlays You can check to run Panoply by double clicking on the Panoply exe application 1 8 CONCLUDING REMARKS With ILWIS the ISOD Toolbox plug in and the other necessary utility software installed you still need to continue with the ISOD Toolbox configuration settings which are further described in the next chapter next to additional information with regard to the overall toolbox architecture 11 This page is blank 12 2 OVERVIEW OF THE ISOD TOOLBOX ARCHITECTURE 2 1 INTRODUCTION The ISOD Toolbox Config XML version 1 4 allows import of various web based environmental data resources through a Graphical User Interface GUI Here the toolbox architecture is described into more detail Once the toolbox is installed and ILWIS is newly started the ISOD Toolbox should appear as a menu item under the ILWIS Operation Tree see figure 2 1 Figure 2 1 The ISOD Toolbox plug in Graphical User Interface I ILWIS Open d working_dir Fie Edit Operations View Window Help SOT vex ynne EH EE EmeamtmBisectmeo Aas DO me oe eotoolbox ISOD x Navi d wo gd LPRM_TMI_day_sm_x20121001 LP In Situ and Online Data Toolbox LPI Opetation List E1500 E IS0D Toolbox Help ReadMe Change Log Version 1 4 Installation and User Manual V
122. he main ILWIS menu select Window gt Refresh to see the updated content of the catalogue After the import of all 36 rainfall climatology maps rfe clim01 1 up to rfe clim12 3 has been completed select from the main ILWIS menu File gt Create gt Map List as Map List name enter RFE10day clim select all rfe clim month dekade maps 36 in total in the left hand maplist window selected maps are indicated by a blue colour press the gt sign to add them to the right hand Create MapList window and press Ok to save the new maplist Double click with the mouse the newly created Maplist HFET10day clim In the MapList window select as display option Open as Slide Show as Representation select rfe dec and press OK twice add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Close the animation window when finished Once more open the maplist HFET10day clim and display the map rfe clim01 1 Add to this map the vector layer showing the country boundaries and use the option boundaries only for display of this vector layer Now from the main ILWIS menu select Operations gt Statistics gt MapList gt MapList Graph In the maplist graph window select as MapList RFE10day clim use a fixed stretch of 0 to 100 activate the options Continuous and Always on top Activate the map window showing the previously opened m
123. historical average for the same ten day PASG values range from 0 to 250 percent of the seasonal greenness range for each pixel The data are truncated at 250 percent so that PASG can be delivered as byte data PASG values less than 100 percent occur when the accumulated SG for a period is less than the historical average Low PASG values indicate poor vegetation conditions while PASG values greater than 100 percent occur when the accumulated SG is greater than the historical average and indicate vegetation conditions better than those typically found during that time period This product is directly applicable for monitoring of vegetation condition over time and in particular of the on going growing season It can be used to get a quick assessment of how well the current growing season is doing and what regions might need particular attention It is further useful in agricultural monitoring where it has a flag function identifying possible zones at risks for low agricultural production source SADC THEMA products services users guide v2 pdf 75 Another product is the Drought Risk map to import such a map select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the options AMESD SADC THEMA products gt SADC Drought gt Drought Maps gt Drought Risk Map Graded Type Specify an appropriate Date stamp note the Output directory defined and press mport Display the map AMESD_DRrisk_gd_yyyymmdekdek use as Repr
124. icrowave precipitation 3 the microwave and IR estimates are combined and 4 rescaling to monthly data is applied Each precipitation field is best interpreted as the precipitation rate effective at the nominal observation time As from 22 May 2012 Version 7 of TRMM product 3B42 has been implemented which supersedes all previous versions As of November 2012 processing issues were discovered with both series of data and it was decided to re do the retrospective processing to correct the issues In general the original Version 7 data sets are considered an improvement over Version 6 but this additional processing is considered important to meet the goals of the project It was discovered that AMSU data were neglected in the first retrospective processing of both the Version 7 TMPA 3B42 43 and TMPA RT 3B40 41 42RT data series which creates an important shortcoming in the inventory of microwave precipitation estimates used during 2000 2010 In addition a coding error in the TMPA RT replaced the occasional missings in product 3B42RT with zeros Accordingly both product series are being retrospectively processed again The main impact in both series should be to improve the fine scale patterns of precipitation during 2000 2010 and for 3B4xRT into late 2012 Averages over progressively larger time space scales should be progressively less affected Further information is provided on http disc sci gsfc nasa gov alerts technical details about retro
125. ided there The geographical extent is identical compared to the RFE2 rainfall estimate Also check http www cpc ncep noaa gov products fews AFR CLIM AMS ARC2a pdf Relevant references are e Xie P and P A Arkin 1996 Analyses of Global Monthly Precipitation Using Gauge Observations Satellite Estimates and Numerical Model Predictions J Climate 9 840 858 Comparison of satellite derived precipitation products e T Cohen Liechti J P Matos J L Boillat and A J Schleiss 2012 Comparison and evaluation of satellite derived precipitation products for hydrological modeling of the Zambezi River Basin Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 16 489 500 2012 http www hydrol earth syst sci net 16 489 2012 hess 16 489 2012 html e D A Hughes Comparison of satellite rainfall data with observations from gauging station networks http eprints ru ac za 470 1 Hughes Comparison of satellite rainfall pdf e Nick Novella and Wassila Thiaw 2009 Validation of Satellite Derived Rainfall Products over the Sahel 2009 EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference Bath United Kingdom 21 25 September 2009 http www eumetsat int Home Main AboutEUMETSAT Publications ConferenceandWorkshopProceedings 2009 SP 201001515267179 l en 3 3 10 TAMSAT Rainfall archive for Africa The TAMSAT group from the University of Reading UK are producing ten daily dekadal and monthly rainfall estimates and anomalies derived from Meteosat Thermal Infra Red TIR chann
126. imate Prediction Centre EUMETSAT NASA and FEWS NET RFE for Africa A number of exercises are presented below on the various products that can be retrieved In the ISOD Toolbox version 1 1 various import routines have been created to retrieve some online precipitation resources Routines are available to import global precipitation products like CPC gauge based analysis of global daily precipitation Cmorph Qmorph TRMM latest rainfall from the EUMETSAT as well as RFE version 1 and 2 rainfall products for Africa and climatology produced by FEWS NET and TAMSAT After installation of ILWIS and the ISOD Toolbox XML version 1 4 start ILWIS and open the SOD Toolbox options from the left hand Operation Tree see also figure 2 1 Inspect the menu items of the Toolbox and open the item Configuration Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called Sat Precip For the Folder items under CPC gauge Cmorph FEWS RFE MPEdirect Qmorph TAMSAT archive TRMM 3B42 and TRMM specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the output drive directory settings Use the IL WIS Navigator to move to the specific working directory close ILWIS and open it again ILWIS should now open using the selected directory 4 2 2 CPC unified Gauge Based analysis of Global Daily Precipitation Within the ISOD toolbox utilities are available to incorporate the CPC unified Ga
127. ine has completed the processing To conduct this routine select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt FEWSNET Rainfall Climatology Africa gt RFE ARC2 Climatology Africa gt RFE daily mean climatology sub menu In this case only Output Directory needs to be specified and press mport Note that given the large number of files the routine takes some time The name convention used for the output files created is rfe_clim_day0101 to rfe_clim_day1231 55 4 2 3 9 TAMSAT Dekadal every 10 days and monthly rainfall estimates and anomalies derived from Meteosat Thermal Infra Red TIR channels are based on the recognition of storm clouds and calibration against ground based rain gauge data This rainfall estimate is produced by the University of Reading Meteorology Department UK A number of products are available like the dekadal and monthly accumulated rainfall products for Africa the dekadal and monthly accumulated rainfall anomaly products for Africa Select ISOD gt Toolbox gt Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt TAMSAT Rainfall archive Africa gt Dekadal Rainfall gt Dekadal Rainfall from 1983 onwards As date stamp specify 2011101 Upon completion of the import display the map rfe2011101 and as Representation use rfe dec Add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the m
128. ined as yyyyjjjhhmm note the Output directory defined and press Import Display the point map MSG ABBA yyyyjjjihhmm use single symbol as symbol select for Size 3 and as Fill Color Red and press OK twice Add the country boundaries using as display options boundaries only and info off From the active map window select from the menu the option File gt Open Pixel Information Move the mouse cursor to a fire location on the map and note the content of the attribute table 4 13 5 SADC Forecasting Seasonal forecasting products with respect to rainfall minimum and maximum temperature are created by SAWS and transferred to the BDMS online server Open from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the options AMESD SADC THEMA products gt SAWS Seasonal Forecast gt Seasonal Rainfall Forecast gt SADC rainfall forecast Above Normal Specify an appropriate Date stamp note as import stamp the actual month is required and the months for which the forecast period is valid e g feb mam should be interpreted as feb moment the forecast was produced and mam MarchAprilMay being the forecast period Enter an appropriate Date stamp check the Output directory defined and press Import Display the map SAWSHAIN ANxxx abc where xxx actual month abc predicted period use as Representation Pseudo eventually add the country boundaries using as display options boundaries
129. infall estimates map AMESD RFE_yyyymmdekdek Note that for most of the products for the agriculture and drought service the temporal resolution is on dekade 10 day basis the dekade convention used is 01 11 and 21 for the 1 10 day period 2 10 day period and last part of the month respectively In the example the date stamp format given is 20130121 indicating the last dekade of January 2013 Currently not all Agriculture Baseline products are online there is an agricultural mask having as date stamp 20110101 The agriculture mask its almost static and only changes as soon as new improved products comes in The date on the product just reflects the date on which the product was generated At this moment for the crop statistics and crop specific maps 73 input from SADC member states is required which needs further data collection For the Fire and Forecasting products other temporal resolutions and Regions of Interest are used The date time stamp format required is specified for each of the products Below a number of examples are given showing how the data can be retrieved and imported for the various services Note that the time stamp you are going to use is likely different from the one used below Figure 4 13 1 Data import window giving the output file name convention Til In Situ and Online Data Toolbox ae E FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI A Current Rainfall Estimates Map E AT Mit i c
130. ipboard and be pasted in a spreadsheet for more appropriate visualization see also figure 4 7 1 Figure 7 4 1 Actual NDVI value for 1982 and climatology over a pixel in the Nile Delta Egypt 0 6 0 5 0 4 NDV 1982 0 3 25NDV min 0 2 NDV max 0 1 4 8 GLOBAL ELEVATION DATA 4 8 1 GMTED 2010 Open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration gt Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called DEM For the Folder items under GMTED DEM SRTM DEM and ASTER DEM specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings 65 Note that for the ASTER_DEM folder settings also a local input directory has to be specified Also create this temporary directory Move to the new working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Global Elevation Data GMTED2010 gt GMTED 30 Arc Sec 1 km sub menu In this case the Lower Left Latitude and Longitude Corner coordinates have to be specified Note that the Latitude interval is 20 degrees from N90 to S70 and the longitude interval is 30 degrees from W180 to E150 Enter a suitable lower left corner coordinate pair N S W and E are case sensitive enter them as capital In this example for
131. is map 96 events over a 24 hour period have been processed and you extract the sum of all these 15 minutes events The unit is in mm 24 hours from 00 00 to 23 45 UTC for a given day During UTC noon the precipitation map of the previous day is available from this FTP site The map is shown in Google Earth and after inspection the application is closed The original data in ILWIS format is not deleted and can be displayed using ILWIS having as file name fsummsgmpeyyymmad using as Representation mpe sum Display also this map using IL WIS and add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and check the map values Also select the option Web Mapping Services gt RFS to Google gt Aggregated 24 hour RFS to Google Earth note the output directory and specify an appropriate Date stamp e g 20111101 and press Import The unit is in mm 24 hrs from 00 00 to 23 45 UTC for a given day During UTC noon the precipitation map of the previous day is available from this FTP site The map is shown and then the Google Earth application can be closed The original data in ILWIS format is not deleted and can be displayed having as file name fsumrfsyyymmad using as Representation mpe sum Display also this map using IL WIS and add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and check the map values 4 10 3 Surface Pressure Forecast Europe Once more before you start this routine check under the options Configuration
132. ished 70 Figure 4 12 1 Meta data of the GLDAS Hoah model for time step 200530000 I C gldas GLDAS_NOAHO25SUBP_3H_A2005300_00 txt Notepad File Edit Search View Encoding Language Settings Macro Run Plugins Window sSHERS RA c hh Qe aee x 3053 z EG Gad f GLDAS_NOAHO25SUBP_3H_A2005300_00 txt EJ 0 D 2005102621 NSWRS sfc kpds 111 1 0 0 3hr ave winds are N S Net short wave surface W m 2 594096 D 2005102 621 NLURS sfc kpds 112 1 0 0 3hr ave winds are N S Net long wave surface W m 2 21157816 D 2005102621 LHTFL sfc kpds 121 1 0 0 3hr ave winds are N S Latent heat flux W m 2 21751912 D 2005102621 SHTFL sfc kpds 122 1 0 0 3hr ave winds are N S Sensible heat flux U m 2 32346008 D 2005102621 GFLUX sfc kpds 155 1 0 0 3hr ave winds are N S Ground heat flux W m 2 2909728 D 2005102700 LFTX sfc kpds 131 1 0 anl winds are N S Surface lifted index K 23503824 D 2005102700 4LFTX sfc kpds 132 1 O anl winds are N S Best 4 layer lifted index K 74097920 D 2005102700 EVP sfc kpds 57 1 O anl winds are N S Evaporation kg m 2 4661640 D 2005102700 SSRUN sfc kpds 235 1 0 anl winds are N S Storm surface runoff kg m 2 5255736 D 2005102700 BGRUN sfc kpds 234 1 O0 anl winds are N S Baseflow groundwater runoff kg m 2 5849832 D 2005102621 SNOM sfc kpds 99 1 0 0 3hr ave winds are N S Snow melt kg m 2 16322426 D 2005102700 BVF2 sfc kpds 138 1 O anl winds are N S Brunt Vaisala frequency 2 1 s 2 68
133. ission TRMM Microwave Imager TMI using the Land Parameter Retrieval Model LPRM are provided There are two files per day one day and one night archived as two different products The data set covers the period from December 1997 to present at a spatial resolution of 0 25 degree from 40 degree north to 40 degree south 180 degree west to 180 degree east The data is stored in netCDF format The LPRM is based on a forward radiative transfer model to retrieve surface soil moisture and vegetation optical depth The land surface temperature is derived separately from TMI s Ka band 37 GHz A unique feature of this method is that it can be applied at any microwave frequency making it very suitable to exploit all the available passive microwave data from various satellites Input data are from the TMI Brightness Temperatures 1B 11 product daytime and night time passes and processed using LPRM source http disc sci gsfc nasa gov hydrology data holdings Here the Surface Soil Moisture and the Skin Temperature are retrieved Skin temperature refers to the effective radiating temperature of the soil plus canopy surface It is inferred from satellites in the 8 12 um window region In climate models it is the temperature used to determine upward thermal emission The skin temperature usually shows a larger diurnal variation than the surface air temperature a factor that needs to be considered when evaluating data model comparisons source R E
134. ite e Short term Mean Anomaly Anomalies represent a subtraction of the mean NDVI values 2001 2010 for a 10 day period from current year values for the same period rendering an image where negative values portray less vigorous vegetation than average and positive values represent areas that are more vigorous in the current year e Previous Year Difference The difference image is a subtraction of the current year NDVI values from those of the previous year e Short term Mean mean per period derived for a time series from 2001 2010 Other relevant parameters are 33 e MODIS NDVI data are stretched mapped linearly to byte values as follows Data range 1 0 1 0 gt 0 200 Invalid Values 201 255 formula applied NDVI value 100 100 example 150 100 100 0 5 NDVI e Anomaly Difference Classification The absolute difference and anomaly images are stretched from 0 3 to 0 3 NDVI The area of relatively no difference is approximately 0 05 0 05 The original data is provided in GeoTIFF format and transformed to ILWIS format e The coordinate system used is Geographic the units are in decimal degrees and spheroid used is WGS84 Pixel size in x and y direction is 0 002 degree All parameters above are implemented during the product extraction processing routines when using the ISOD toolbox The routines allow retrieval and processing of the recent 2 years data as well as the historical
135. l 3 products per month for SADC region Output file name conventiof AME SD_RFE_yyyymmdekdek E Global Elevation Data Date yyyymmdekdek 20130121 E Copernicus Global Land Service Output directory EXAMESD E NASA Global Ocean Data E Global Land Data Assimilation System E AMESD SADC THEMA products Import E SADC Agriculture H Baseline Products E Products from Meteorological E Products from Remote Sensing Current Rainfall Estimates Rainfall Estimates Compar Rainfall Estimates Compar Cumulative Rainfall Map Cumulative Rainfall Map C Vegetation Index Compare Vegetation Index Compare Current Water Requiremer WARSI Anomaly Maps Onset of Rains Maps Onset of Rains Anomaly M Soil Moisture Index Maps Cumulate Dry Matter Prodi Cumulate Dry Matter Prodi E SADC Drought Y m D Config XML version 1 4 Close 4 13 2 SADC Agriculture First a number of SADC Agriculture products are going to be retrieved These products are mainly created by BDMS All products have a spatial resolution of 1km and are referenced to the Geographic Lat Long projection WGS84 Open from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the options AMESD SADC THEMA products gt SADC Agriculture gt Products from Remote Sensing gt Cumulative Rainfall Map Specify an appropriate Date stamp note the Output directory defined and press Import Display the map AMESD_RFEc_yyyymmdekdek use as Representation Ps
136. lbox plug in for import of these products is also available see appendix 1 An online archive containing at least the latest three dekades of most products is available to the User Community as well The data can be obtained from http www amesd co bw products Most of the products except those from the fire service adhere to the map extent details presented below and cover the SADC Region Lat Long WGS 84 pixel size 1x1km Corner Coordinates degrees ulx 2 11 uly 6 Irx 2 41 Iry 35 40 The data for the SADC region is mainly dekadal data and after the end of each 10 day period the products are available online The majority of the products are produced at BDMS but for the drought fire and the seasonal weather forecasts services other organizations are collaborating within the AMESD SADC programme such as ARC CSIR and SAWS from South Africa Further details on the products are provided at htto Awww amesdsadc org data documents manuals Products_ and Services SADC THEMA products services users guide R18 bis v1 2 pdf 3 15 LANDSAT USGS Data collected by the Operational Land Imager OLI and the Thermal Infrared Sensor TIRS onboard the Landsat 8 satellite are available to download at no charge from GloVis EarthExplorer or via the LandsatLook Viewer http landsatlook usgs gov Orbiting the Earth every 99 minutes Landsat 8 images the entire Earth every 16 days in the same orbit previously used by Landsat 5 Dat
137. lboxes allowing efficient import of the data disseminated through satellite based telecommunication systems a multitude of archive and real time information is now at the disposal of the User Community If you have links to other free internet resources and want to be able to use these also within the ISOD toolbox please contact the EO Community contact at http 52north org communities earth observation community contact so new applications can be integrated in an updated version new release of the toolbox and others can make use of it as well This document is providing links to various online metadata and background reference resources next to the data archives itself within the toolbox pop up menu It should be noted that due to the transient nature of the internet some of these links might not be up to date anymore In case this is noted please provide your observations to the EO Community contact as well using the link given above 21 This page is blank 22 di EXPLORING THE INTERNET RESOURCES USING THE ISOD TOOLBOX 3 1 INTRODUCTION Various environmental time series data resources are currently available on the internet relevant for a multitude of applications Users are often not aware of these resources and if so they might find it difficult to import the multi temporal data into a GIS In order to overcome these bottlenecks the n Situ and Online Data Toolbox has been developed When operating the toolbox the data
138. lder and executable are always correctly specified Installation instructions are given in chapter 1 4 16 2 5 STRUCTURE OF THE ISOD TOOLBOX SCRIPTS Most of the ILWIS scripts situated within the sub directories within the Too box_startscripts directory contain a single line having an identical structure Below an example is given of the extraction of the SRTM Version4 elevation data script 7 Extensions ISOD Toolbox toolbox_batchroutines SRTM4_import bat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The command line starts with This syntax instructs ILWIS to start an external application The application that should be started is situated in 7 Extensions ISOD Toolbox toolbox_batchroutines and calls SRTM4_import baf This is a DOS batch routine which should be executed The parameters required to execute the batch routine are given as 1 to 968 1 Longfilename remark the lower left corner coordinates for the specific elevation tile 962 InputDrive remark input data drive not used here 963 InputDir remark input data directory not used here 964 OutputDrive remark output data drive 965 OutputDir remark output data directory 966 gdalDir remark location of GDAL directory within the toolbox 967 lwDir remark location of the ILWIS directory 968 UtilDir remark location of the Util directory within the toolbox A number of these parameters are generated by the EO Toolbox dll such as gdalDir IlwDir and UtilDir as these
139. le online an update of the toolbox will include the necessary import and pre processing routines 3 4 FEWSNET Global Potential Evapotranspiration The daily global potential evapotranspiration PET is calculated from climate parameter data that is extracted from Global Data Assimilation System GDAS analysis fields The GDAS data are generated every 6 hours by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA The GDAS fields used as input to the PET calculation include air temperature atmospheric pressure wind speed relative humidity and solar radiation long wave short wave outgoing and incoming PET is computed for each 6 hour period and then summed to obtain daily totals A day is defined as beginning at 00 hours GMT The daily PET is calculated on a spatial basis using the Penman Monteith equation the formulation of Shuttleworth 1992 for reference crop evaporation is used These equations were standardized in accordance with the FAO publication 56 for the 6 hourly calculations Allen et al 1998 The daily PET values are scaled up i e multiplied by a factor of 100 to preserve the precision to 01 mm The PET data have a 1 degree ground resolution and are global in spatial extent i e 180 to 180 longitude by 90 to 90 latitude source http earlywarning usgs gov fews global web readme php symbol pt The Year Collection of daily PET images are 25 Mb per file year The naming convention is pet YYYY tar gz wh
140. logical Services CHIRPS Climate Hazard Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data archive CMORPH Prediction Centre Morphing Technique for rainfall estimation CPC Climate Prediction Centre EQ Earth Observation ECMWF European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast eMODIS Expedited MODIS ESA European Space Agency EUMETCast Telecommunication based data dissemination system EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites FTP File Transfer Protocol FEWSNET United States Agency for International Development USAID Famine Early Warning System GDAL Geospatial Data Abstraction Library GDEM Global Digital Elevation Model GFS CPC Global Forecasting System GMTED Global Multi resolution Terrain Elevation Data GRIB GRidded Binary GSOD Global Summary of Day Data GTS Global Telecommunication System HDF Hierarchical Data Format IL WIS Integrated Land and Water Information System GIS RS software ISOD Toolbox In Situ and Online Data Toolbox IrfanView S
141. logy currently provided ISOD Toolbox version 1 2 The ISOD toolbox XML version 1 2 menu structure has been modified to reflect the changes due to the reprocessing of the CMORPH and TRMM rainfall data Also some new resources have been added All internet links have been checked and modified when these have changed to assure proper operation Changes In the XML version 1 2 of the ISOD toolbox the import routines of the CMORPH and TRMM 3B42 have been adapted to incorporate the changes due to reprocessing of the rainfall estimates The TRMM extraction routine makes use of a small Java based utility this requires installation of JAVA RTE Next to this routines have been added to display Julian Day tables for normal and leap years 3 and 6 hourly precipitation estimates from the GWADI server GLDAS Noah model data 28 parameters for 3 hour intervals on a daily basis online rolling archive of AMESD SADC products these routines are developed by Masego Rachel Nkepu BDMS Botswana ISOD Toolbox version 1 1 The ISOD toolbox v1 1 menu structure has been modified substantially and a number of new data retrieval import routines have been added The menu structure also due to the addition of routines required modification The Web Mapping Services now focus on retrieval of data sets that are not imported into an ILWIS data format the data is visualized using IrfanView of Panoply All other routines extract multi temporal data which is subseque
142. ly downloaded from http droppr org srtm v4 1 6 5x5 TIFs The addresses for the other mirror sites are included in the batch file SRTM4_import bat It was found that the selected address was facilitating faster downloads The SRTM data is retrieved in GeoTIFF format and transformed into ILWIS 3 9 3 ASTER GDEM Version 2 In 2009 NASA and the Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry METI of Japan released a Global Digital Elevation Model GDEM to users worldwide at no charge as a contribution to the Global Earth Observing System of Systems GEOSS Version 1 ASTER GDEM GDEM1 was compiled from over 1 2 million scene based DEMs covering land surfaces between 83 N and 83 S latitudes The GDEM1 was found to have an overall accuracy of around 20 meters at the 95 confidence level Several artifacts associated with poor stereo coverage at high latitudes cloud contamination water masking issues and the stacking process used to produce the GDEM1 from individual scene based DEMs were noted A second version of the ASTER GDEM GDEM2 was released by NASA and METI in 2011 Improvements in the GDEM2 result from acquiring 260 000 additional scenes to improve coverage a smaller correlation kernel to yield higher spatial resolution and improved water masking Vertical accuracy assessments included a comparison of the GDEM2 against absolute geodetic references over the Conterminous US CONUS against national elevation grids over the US and Japan against
143. m http weather noaa gov weather taf shtml when entering the four character ICAO Location Indicator Here the current weather reports from the TAF reports are processed 3 3 GAUGE BASED AND SATELLITE DERIVED RAINFALL DATA Routines have been developed to integrate the online satellite derived precipitation products from the NOAA Climate Prediction Centre EUMETSAT NASA and FEWS NET RFE for Africa Further details are presented below on the various products that can be retrieved 3 3 1 CPC Gauge Based Analysis of Global Daily Precipitation This data set is the first product of the CPC Unified Precipitation Project that is underway at NOAA Climate Prediction Centre CPC The primary goal of the project is to create a suite of unified precipitation products with consistent quantity and improved quality by combining all information Sources available at CPC and by taking advantage of the optimal interpolation Ol objective analysis technique The coverage is global land only at 0 5 degree spatial resolution The temporal resolution is daily and the data is available from the 1 of January 1979 Present 1979 2005 Retrospective Version 30K gauges ftp ftp cpc ncep noaa gov precip CPC UNI PRCP GAUGE GLB V1 0 2006 Present Real time version 17K gauges ftp ftp coc ncep noaa gov precip CPG UNI PRCP GAUGE GLB RT Other relevant background documents are e Onthe Interpolation algorithm Xie P A Yatagai M Chen T H
144. m3 algorithms describe the polynomial best fits that relate log transformed Ca to log transformed ratios of remote sensing reflectances Rrs 1 sr Currently all have the form Ca 10 a0 a1 x a2 x 2 a3 x 3 a4 x 4 where x log10 Rrs blue wl Rrs green wl The wavelengths and polynomial coefficients a0 a4 used in operational MSI12 processing are provided below for MODIS sensor blue wl green wl a0 al a2 a3 a4 MODIS 443 gt 488 551 0 2830 2 7530 1 4570 0 6590 1 4030 HMODIS 500 m 469 555 0 1543 1 9764 1 0704 0 2327 1 1404 the greatest Rrs blue wl is used when multiple blue wl are specified 3 13 GLOBAL LAND DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM The data used in this toolbox routine are acquired as part of the mission of NASA s Earth Science Division and archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences GES Data and Information Services Center DISC the so called 0 25 Degree 3 Hourly Data from the Noah Model This model provides basic information on the land surface state e g soil moisture and surface temperature and flux e g evaporation and sensible heat flux parameters generated by the Global Land Data Assimilation System GLDAS GLDAS drives multiple offline not coupled to the atmosphere land surface models integrates a huge quantity of observation based data and executes globally at high resolutions 2 5 to 1 km enabled by the Land Information System LIS Kumar et al 2006 Currently GLDAS driv
145. mm3hr mpl Sum 0 7 ILWIS DER File Edt Layers Options Help CO X QQ Ba mj MA d basemapsiglol i BB et_mmday Mapi ES Properties 5 Legend 0 0000 1 0000 2 0000 3 0000 594 0000 I5 0000 6 0000 7 0000 Es 0000 142 202 54 26 40 0 N 129 31 40 00 W 54 26 40 00 N 129 31 40 00 W 4 12 2 GLDAS Soil Surface Moisture Skin Temperature To retrieve the GLDAS day and night time soil moisture products select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the options Global Land Data Assimilation System gt Surface Soil Moisture Skin Temperature gt Day time LPRM TMI TRMM SSM and Skin Temperature Enter a suitable Date string here as example 20120425 is used Check the output folder and press Import After the import has been completed two new maps have been created first display the map created LPRM TMI day sm x20120425 use as Representation Pseudo and press Ok add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Display also the map LPRHM TMI day ts20120425 use as Representation Pseudo and press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the options Global Land Data Assimilation System gt Hydrology gt Night time LPRM TMI TRMM S
146. n shown to be accurate enough to provide reliable solar and meteorological resource data over regions where surface measurements are sparse or non existent and offer two unique features the data is global and in general contiguous in time source http power larc nasa gov documents Agroclimatology Methodology pdf The archive contains Top of atmosphere Insolation Jul 1983 near present Insolation on Horizontal Surface Jul 1983 near present Downward Longwave Radiative Flux Jul 1983 near present Average Air Temperature at 2 m Jan 1983 near present Minimum Air Temperature at 2 m Jan 1983 near present Maximum Air Temperature at 2 m Jan 1983 near present Relative Humidity at 2 m Jan 1983 near present Dew Point at 2 m Jan 1983 near present Precipitation Jan 1997 Dec 2013 Wind Speed at 10 m Jan 1983 near present 43 All parameters are available globally as time series data for any user specified latitude longitude The spatial resolution of all parameters is 1 degree of latitude and longitude The web link used is http power larc nasa gov cqi bin cgiwrap solar agro cgi email agroclim larc nasa gov 3 16 7 NOAA CPC SST and SST Anomaly To get some idea with respect to the possible occurrence of El Ni o Southern Oscillation ENSO an SST and SST Anomaly animation can be retrieved from the Climate Prediction Centre More information is available at http www cpc ncep noaa gov products precip CWlink M
147. n stop the animation by pressing the Esc button of your keyboard Note the change of the weekly time stamp of the SST and Anomaly in the animation 12 weeks before present 79 4 10 9 ECMWF Re Analysis Before you start this routine first check under the options Configuration gt Folders and subsequently select ECMWF Ensure that the drive output directory settings are correctly specified Use the ILWIS navigator to move to the drive directory specified Note that this option is making use of the Panoply utility for visualization of the downloaded data Check the description in chapter 1 5 if you have correctly installed Panoply the Panoply exe and associated sub directories should be available in root of the ILWIS sub directory Extensions ISOD Toolbox util Panoply This routine expects that the data is locally available retrieved in NetCDF format Before you start the routine first download manually the data which you want to visualize from _ http data portal ecmwf int data d interim daily Here as an example the data for the month of June 2012 Time 12 00 00 Step 12 and Parameter Sunshine Duration is selected and downloaded The file output nc is stored locally in the specified working directory From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Web Mapping Services gt ECMWF Re Analysis data gt Show ERA Interim Daily Fields and press Import Afte
148. n the process of converting from the NOAA 17 AVHRR sensor to the NOAA 18 AVHRR sensor NASA intends to calibrate and reprocess the AVHRR NDVI using the NOAA 18 sensor data back to the beginning of 2010 When this transition has been completed and production using the NOAA 18 sensor is established NASA will continue staging and distributing the AVHRR NDVI product For more recent products the eMODIS derived NDVI can be applied for further information see the next section Relevant references are e Tucker C J J E Pinz n M E Brown D Slayback E W Pak R Mahoney E Vermote and N El Saleous 2005 An Extended AVHRR 8 km NDVI Data Set Compatible with MODIS and SPOT Vegetation NDVI Data International Journal of Remote Sensing 26 20 4485 4498 e Pinzon J Brown M E Tucker C J 2004 Satellite time series correction of orbital drift artifacts using empirical mode decomposition Hilbert Huang Transform Introduction and Applications N Huang Chapter 10 Part II Applications e Tucker C J 1979 Red and Photographic Infrared Linear Combinations for Monitoring Vegetation Remote Sensing of Environment 8 127 150 32 e Los S 1998 Estimation of the Ratio of Sensor Degradation Between NOAA AVHRR Channels 1 and 2 from Monthly NDVI Composites EEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 36 1 206 213 e Pinz n J E 2002 Using HHT to successfully uncouple seasonal and interannual components in remotely sense
149. ndow the X axis shows the time from the first 3 hr time stamp of February 2005 as time step 1 to the last time step of 28 February as time step 224 and the Y Axis the amount of precipitation in mm during each 3 hr period for the respective pixel When done close all layers Also total monthly rainfall can be derived To do this select from the main ILWIS menu the option Operations gt Statistics gt MapList gt MapList Statistics As Statistics function select Sum and as Output Map specify gwadi sum200502 and press Show Display the map using as Representation Pseudo Move the mouse cursor keeping the left mouse button pressed over the map Note the white toned regions here no data is given This is due to the fact that within some of the layers no rainfall retrieval could be accomplished It is not possible to make a sum for a pixel including no data If you want to do so you first have to re assign the no data to a value e g 0 assuming no precipitation for such an event This type of further processing is beyond the scope of this manual 4 2 3 5 CHIRPS Global To import the data from the CHIRPS monthly precipitation data select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the item Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global Rainfall gt CHIRPS Global gt CHIRPS monthly sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified As Date
150. ne satellite derived precipitation estimates Various satellite derived rainfall products and time series are available online Open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called Sat Precip For the Folder items under Cmorph FEWS RFE Qmorph TRMM 3B42 TRMM GWADI MPEdirect and TAMSAT archive specify the appropriate output directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings If you started from chapter 4 2 the settings are already specified Move to the working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again remember the golden rules as indicated in Chapter 1 2 4 2 3 1 CMORPH From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global Rainfall gt gt CMORPH Global gt CMORPH 8 km 30 min sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified note that the Date stamp only requires the year and month time stamp Check your disk space available as the routine retrieves every half hour rainfall event for the year month selected Upon completion of the import two files per time stamp are available the cmorph8km30min_yyyymmddhh1 map represents the half hour prior to the time stamp and the cmorph8km30min
151. new output map calculated AMESD_LtavgNDVI_yyyymmdekdek is your imported Long Term Average NDVI map In the Raster Map Definition window accept the defaults and press OK Display the map NDVI LtavgReal using as Representation NDVIT and press OK eventually add the country boundaries using as display options boundaries only and info off Open from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the options AMESD SADC THEMA products gt SADC Drought gt Vegetation Performance Maps gt Long Term PASG Specify an appropriate Date stamp note the Output directory defined and press Import Display the map AMESD PASG yyyymmdekdeK use as Representation Pseudo eventually add the country boundaries using as display options boundaries only and info off Move the mouse cursor over the map display window keeping the left mouse button pressed to inspect the map values PASG measures the relationship expressed as a percentage of the vegetation condition for portions of the growing season to historical average conditions for comparable time periods The PASG is one of the key spectral indices used in Vegetation Drought Response Index VegDRI models PASG is based on time series NDVI and is useful for monitoring crop condition It is computed as S Gpnyn XSGp PASGpnyn x 100 Where SGPnYn refers to the seasonal greenness SG for a ten day period Pn of a specific year Yn and xSGPn is the
152. ng Although the content of the batch files can vary significantly the sequence of activities is mostly the same Some remarks are given at the start of the batch file Setting of the environment variables passing over the parameters from the ILWIS scripts Check if input data is available if not go to the end of the batch routine Copy the original data to a local disk Import of the data into ILWIS format Execute various ILWIS routines from the command prompt Delete obsolete files Close ILWIS tasks created by the batch routine Note that all batch routines show a command line window Relevant information is contained in these windows It is advised that the content of these windows is critically checked while waiting for the batch routine to finish The batch files can be opened using a text editor The name of the batch file executed can be obtained from the ILWIS command line string as given in chapter 2 5 Some import routines download time series of data e g daily data for a month or year Upon extraction of the file all data contained is imported using a batch looping procedure For further information on how these procedures operate see also the reference given in chapter 2 7 Some files are large so adequate bandwidth is required for smooth operations In the example given in the batch file listing a date stamp should have been entered as 022012 The actual time stamp used is 022013 which is resulting in the fact that the
153. nne nennen 31 3 6 2 FEWSNET EMODIS DERIVED NDVI ANOMALY AND HISTORICAL DATA FOR AFRICA 33 5 3 7 MEaSURESs Global VI Products V2 cccccsssceccseseeeecseseeeccenseeeneeneeeenaeseeeeeeeseesneenees 34 3 8 NOAA STAR weekly Vegetation products ccccseecccssseeeeeeeseeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 34 3 9 Global Elevation Data inii eor eic rer eiecrrepirei 35 3 9 1 GMTED 2010 5 eG SEDE E LEER uL Eid iced 35 3 9 2 SSRTM VOISIOITM rd Lt oL e io BOR teh ate deduction vet e Db EO On Eae adden de oxi db erecta 35 3 9 3 ASTER GDEM Version 2 andres de degree eed e e paene dae eed ead eden redondo eee 36 3 10 Copernicus Global Land ServiCe c ccccccesseeeeseeeeeeeseseeeeeeeseeeeeesseeeeenseeeeseeseaes 36 3 11 JRC IES MARS dekadal Global Meteorological Data 37 3 12 NASA Global Ocean Data essen nenne nnne nennen inen 37 3 13 Global Land Data Assimilation System eeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 38 3 14 AMESD SADC THEMA online produ cts cc ccccseseeceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeseaes 40 3 15 LANDSAT USQS 2 Nicene 41 3 16 Web Mapping Services eile secre necu recens rane rrr anna rr kann noce aE 42 321631 MPE and RFES t0 Go09l6 rp eee ste e tabu beet debate toda 42 3 16 2 Surface Pressure Forecast Europe ssesssseeeneeeeeeen nenn
154. nter for Satellite Applications and Research http www star nesdis noaa gov star index php creates satellite based observations of the land atmosphere and ocean and transfers them from scientific research and development into routine operations The Vegetation Health Product VHP consists of gridded weekly global vegetation indices VCI TCI and VHI derived from AVHRR GAC orbital data for the global area between latitude 55 S to 75 N The projection of VHP is Plate Carree The interval of grid is 0 144 about 16km at equator Noise is minimized by applying the time series smoothing technique and other correction algorithms Details on the algorithm can be found at http www ospo noaa gov Products land vhp algo html Products include Temperature Condition Index Vegetation Condition Index Vegetative Health Index Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Brightness Temperature The Vegetation Condition Index VCI Temperature Condition Index TCI and Vegetation Health Index VHI are designed to characterize moisture VCI thermal TCI and total vegetation health VHI conditions in response to weather impacts and are defined as VCl 100 NDVI NDVImin NDVImax NDVImin TCl 100 BTmax BT BTmax BTmin 34 VHI a VCl 1 a TCI where NDVI NDVImax and NDVImin BT BTmax and BTmin are the smoothed weekly NDVI BT their multi year absolute maximum and minimum respectively The VCI TCI and VHI approximat
155. ntly transformed into an ILWIS data format for further analysis Next to this for all routines first a check is done if the data is available from the archives if this is not the case the user is informed about the missing data and can abort the import procedure The Installation and User Guide has been updated to reflect the changes incorporated Changes In the XML version 1 1 of the ISOD toolbox various changes have been implemented The most important are Modification of the menu the web mapping services are now retrieving the data and do not convert these into ILWIS data format the data is visualized using IrfanView and Panoply All routines have been checked and in case data sources have been modified e g re processed or if links to these data sources have changed the import routines have been adapted Some bugs in import routines have been corrected All routines now first check if data is downloaded before further processing is done if no data can be retrieved the routine can be aborted 86 New routines have been added like retrieval of TRMM 3B42 global daily rainfall archive MEaSUREs Global Vegetation Products NDVI and Enhanced Vegetation Index for various data integration periods like daily 7 days 15 days and monthly time intervals NASA Global Ocean Data day and night time SST and Chlorophyl a from MODIS Terra and Aqua Daily Surface Soil Moisture from TRMM TMI day and night time overpasses from the Global
156. o use the utilities offered The exercises provided are focusing on near real time climatological in situ observations gauge and satellite derived precipitation products weather and pressure forecasts potential evapotranspiration normalized difference vegetation indices ocean and elevation information The utilities provided are extensively tested using various operating systems such as Windows Vista XP various service packages and Windows 7 8 and have found to be performing in a stable manner The toolbox currently does not work under LINUX In case unexpected behaviour or bugs are observed additions to the functionality are required or if you have developed new utilities which you want to share please contact the EO Community Contact http 52north org communities earth observation community contact Ben Maathuis and Chris Mannaerts Department of Water Resources Faculty ITC University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands July 2014 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 52North 52 North Initiative for Geospatial Open Source Software AMESD African Monitoring of the Environment for Sustainable Development ARC Africa Rainfall estimate Climatology ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer BDMS Botswana Department of Meteoro
157. of Day Data GSOD Within the ISOD toolbox utilities are available to incorporate the archive maintained and updated by the NCDC providing a global surface summary of daily data on various climatological parameters as indicated in Chapter 3 2 1 First a map will be visualized showing the locations and the station numbers of the climatological stations over 27750 records From the ISOD and Toolbox main menu select the Online InSitu Climate Database gt NCDC Integrated Surface Data ISD gt Stations map of Global surface summary of day product produced by the NCDC sub menu Note that the Output Directory here is C InSitu and press Import After import a map view will be shown indicating the locations of the stations Moving the mouse over the active map window keeping the left mouse button pressed is providing information on the station number To get additional information select from the menu of the active map window the option File and Open Pixel Information Zoom into the area of interest and move the mouse over a station In the Pixel Information window additional details are shown such as station name USAF number coordinates and elevation The USAF number should be noted as this is used during the subsequent extraction of the daily summary data Furthermore note that the record CALL provides the ICAO Code which will also be used in one of the next exercises chapter 4 1 4 TAF import Figure
158. oftware tool for visualization of pictures ITC Faculty of Geo Information Science and Earth Observation University of Twente the Netherlands ITF or ITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone ISD Integrated Surface Data MEaSure NASA project to develop Vegetation Phenology and Vegetation Index Products from Multiple Long Term Satellite Data Records MOD 16 MODIS Evapotranspiration product MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer MPE Multi sensor Precipitation Estimate NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NetCDF Network Common Data Form NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAH National Centres for Environmental Prediction Oregon State University Air Force Hydrologic Research Lab Model OS Open Source PET Potential EvapoTranspiration POWER NASA Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource RFE Rainfall Estimate RFS Rainfall Satellite for Latin America SPOT Systeme Probatoire d Observation de la Terre ou Satellite Pour Observation de la Terre SRTM
159. ong wave flux W m 2 Ln 1 Col 1 Sel 0 0 ANSI as UTF 8 To get the aggregated 24 hr ET in mm day select from the main ILWIS menu the option Operations Raster Operations Map List Calculation Enter the following expression iff 1 gt 0 1 Select as MapList 1 ET and as Output MapList ET notnegative and press Show and display the newly created maplist using a Pseudo Representation Note that all negative values are now assigned no data To convert the data to mm per time step here mm 3 hr for those pixels that are assigned a positive value and for the pixels that are assigned no data a value of 0 is assumed enter the following expression in the Map List Calculation window ifnotundef 1 1 3 3600 0 Select as MapList 1 ET notnegative and as Output MapList ET _mm3hr and press Show Also display this map list Now all 3 hourly maps can be added to derive the daily total ET Now from the main ILWIS menu select Operations gt Statistics gt MapList gt MapList Statistics As Maplist select ET_mm3hr as function specify Sum as output raster map ET mmday and press Show Display this map using a Pseudo Representation Note that the given procedure is neglecting the negative and no data pixels per time step Your results should resemble those of the figure below 71 Figure 4 12 2 GLDAS Hoah model daily ET et_mmday MapMaplistStatistics et_
160. online check the AMESD online products currently available from http www amesdsadc org data products Within the various sub directories the relevant date time stamps for the products can be obtained which are currently online Further details on the various products can be obtained from the reference provided in chapter 3 14 and from http www amesdsadc org data documents manuals Products and Services Retrieve the document SADC THEMA products services users guide v2 pdf for a more detailed description of the product generation and the use Details with respect to the product file name conventions used are presented in the table below Table 4 13 1 AMESD SADC product abbreviations used Abbreviation Full name T Temperature RFE Rain c Cumulative P Percentage avg Average d Difference max Maximum min Minimum An Anomaly an Above normal bn Below normal n Normal on Onset of Rains LRF3 Long range forecast over three months Lt Long term sd Standard deviation Ss Seasonal DR Drought b Boolean gd Graded g prefix Ground g suffix Graph Speci Specific CFWI Canadian Fire Danger Index FDI Fire Danger Index Last but not least given the large number of products available per item also the output file name convention is provided In the example below see figure 4 13 1 the output file name convention is given for the current ra
161. online products use Internet Explorer and navigate to http www amesdsadc org fire products select the Fire Service and subsequently select the MODIS Burnt Area Product and note the date stamp of the product you want to import For conversion between Julian day and calendar day select from the ISOD Toolbox menu the option Display Julian Day tables Here as example the BA product having a date stamp of 2012275 2012305 is extracted note the underscore between the starting date and ending date representing the period from 1 to 31 October 2012 leap year Display the map CSIR ba 2012275 2012305f using a Pseudo Representation and inspect the map values Also add the country boundaries using as display options boundaries only and info off The MODIS active fire product detects fires in 1km pixels that are burning at the time of overpass under relatively cloud free conditions using a contextual algorithm The MSG WildFire Automated Burned Biomass Algorithm ABBA product is also using a Julian day format Select an appropriate date and import a product This product is available at hourly temporal resolution 1 minute after each full hour and provides location and instantaneous fire temperature 76 To import MSG ABBA Fire product select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the options AMESD SADC THEMA products gt SADC Fire gt MSG ABBA Fire Product Specify an appropriate Date stamp now def
162. ote that there are hardly measurements from the sea and ocean surface To obtain the rainfall only over the land use can be made of the polygon map country_02 Select from the main ILWIS menu the option Operations gt Rasterize gt Polygon to Raster As Polygon map use country 02 as output raster map specify country_euro and as Georeference select gts sub Press Show to conduct the operation Have a look at the values of the map obtained To retrieve only the rainfall over land from the raster map gts 20121201 type the following expression in the command line of the main ILWIS menu p fin20121201 ifnotundef country euro gts 20121201 Keep the other settings default and press OK to execute the operation Use as Representation mpe single Add the country boundaries and gts station locations as well Your results should resemble those of figure 4 1 5 From the active map display window select File Open Pixel Information Move the cursor over the map and check the results obtained using the pixel information table and check the interpolation results against the gts input data Figure 4 1 5 Resulting interpolated rainfall map of 20111201 using GTS station input Ka pfin20121201 ifnotundef country euro gts 20121201 ILWIS File Edit Layers Options Help DG xs M amp ek 8 r3 IEE ots 20121201 F ES Properties ES Properties 4 g BB pfinz0121201
163. ources the GTS gauge data are used to monitor and assess the climate at station locations and as inputs to define analysed fields of global and regional precipitation The Global Telecommunication System GTS is the coordinated global system of telecommunication facilities and arrangements for the rapid collection exchange and distribution of observed and processed meteorological information within the framework of the World Weather Watch WWW Station reports of precipitation together with those of many other physical variables are exchanged routinely among the World Meteorological Organization WMO member countries through the GTS 23 network At NOAA CPC these precipitation reports are received and processed to form a database of GTS gauge based daily precipitation Starting from October 1977 the GTS daily gauge database is updated on a real time basis On average daily reports are available from about 6000 GTS stations The GTS gauge network is relatively dense over United States Western Europe and east coasts of Australia and China while it is very sparse over several regions including equatorial Africa and Amazon source Quality Control of Daily Precipitation Reports at NOAA CPC by Mingyue Chen Pingping Xie and CPC Quality Control Working Group Climate Prediction Center CPC NCEP NOAA available at http ams confex com ams pdfpapers 131381 pdf The rainfall and temperature minimum and maximum up to a year before present c
164. ouse with the left button pressed note the map values To import the monthly accumulated rainfall map of October 2011 select the menu options Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt TAMSAT Rainfall archive Africa gt Monthly Rainfall gt Monthly Rainfall from 1983 onwards and specify as date stamp 201110 Upon completion of the import display the map rfe201110 and as Representation use rfe month Add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Also import the 10 day and monthly rainfall anomalies for October 2011 and use as Representations rfe anom dec and rfe anom month for the imported rfe2011101_anom and rfe 201110 anon maps respectively Add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values To get an idea of the distribution of the rainfall over a longer time period the rainfall climatology derived from 1983 2012 can be used but you can also compare your actual rainfall against the rainfall climatology To import the Dekadal Climatology rainfall select the menu options Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt TAMSAT Rainfall archive Africa gt Rainfall Climatology gt Dekadal rainfall 1983 2012 note the output directory and press the Import button After extraction of the file a looping routine imports all 36 dekades From t
165. ox main menu select the NOAA STAR weekly Global Vegetation Products gt gt Max and Min NDVI Climatology sub menu Check the output folder and press Import The NDVI minimum and maximum climatology for the 52 weeks averages over 25 years retrieved and processed Wait until the routine has finished the processing and note the two series of 52 files created called 64 mnn clim ww and mxn_clim_ww where mnn and mxn are the minimum and maximum NDVI clim is referring to the climatology and ww is referring to the week number After the import of the two set of NDVI climatology maps mnn_clim_01 up to mnn_clim_52 and mxn_clim_01 up to mxn_clim_ 52 respectively has been completed select from the main ILWIS menu File gt Create gt Map List as Map List name enter Star mnn clim select all mnn clim maps 52 in total in the left hand Maplist window selected maps are indicated by a blue colour press the gt sign to add them to the right hand Create MapList window and press OK to save the new maplist Double click with the mouse the newly created Maplist RFE10day_clim In the MapList window select as display option Open as Slide Show as Representation select NDVI1 and press OK twice add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Close the animation window when finished Repeat the procedure and
166. press OK twice From the active point map display window select the option Add Data Layer and browse to your ILWIS directory select the polygon map Country 02 from the subdirectory Extensions ISOD Toolbox util maps As display option unselect the item nfo and specify the option Boundaries Only Press OK to display the map Your results should resemble those of figure 4 1 3 and note the distribution of the stations Figure 4 1 3 GTS stations for 20121201 i gts_20111201 PointMapFromTable gts_20111201 LatlonWGS84 ILWIS 5 xj File Edi E398 x 7 amp amp n c H 0516 EM ER e gnc_out count m Properties Ei RAE ots 20111201 E E Properties 3 27 41 0 N 159 04 38 59 W 3 27 41 01 N 159 04 38 59 W From the ILWIS main menu select the option File gt Create gt Georeference Specify the settings as given in figure 4 1 4 left and press OK to create the Georeference Frome the main ILWIS menu select the option Operations gt Interpolation gt Point Interpolation gt Moving Average As Point map select from the point map gts 20121201 the table attribute Prcp mm press the sign in front of the point map name to see the various table attributes select the Georeference gts sub use other settings as given by their default and press Show See also right hand picture of figure 4 1 4 Upon completion of the int
167. proved still contains some artifacts which could affect its utility in certain applications source http www jspacesystems or jp ersdac GDEM vereValidation Summary GDEM2 validation report final pdf The original files are in GeoTIFF format signed 16 bits using geographic coordinates and the spatial resolution is 1 arc second Each tile is 1 by 1 degree 3601 lines by 3601 columns Due to the fact that Users have to register prior to be able to obtain the data in order to ingest the data the User has to download the ASTER GDEM tiles first to a user defined location and start the extraction procedure specifying the appropriate input directory on the local system used 3 10 COPERNICUS GLOBAL LAND SERVICE The overall objective of the Copernicus Global Land Service is the creation of a Global Land Component in the framework of GMES Initial Operations GIO and is earmarked as a component of the Land service to operate a multi purpose service component that will provide a series bio geophysical products on the status and evolution of land surface at global scale Production and delivery of the parameters are to take place in a timely manner and are complemented by the constitution of long term time series http land copernicus eu global q index html Within the toolbox a routine has been added to import the Soil Water Index SWI The SWI quantifies the moisture condition within the underlying soil profile It is mainly driven by the pre
168. put Directory needs to be specified Enter a suitable date string note that you can take a recent day of the current month as the full month data is not available here as example the date stamp of the day before present is used to retrieve the PET data from yesterday Display the map use as Representation Pseudo and press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values 4 5 FEWSNET NOAA EMODIS NDVI FOR AFRICA 4 5 1 FEWSNET NOAA16 and 17 derived NDVI Open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration gt Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called FEWS NDVT For the Folder item under FEWS NDVI specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings Move to the working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI Africa gt NOAA NDVI current processing suspended gt NDVI N16 bulk download NOAA 16 Calibration 60 sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified Enter a suitable date string here as example 7995 is used to process the NOAA 16 derived NDVI data from 1995 Upon retrieval of the fil
169. r The GeoTIFF file is retrieved from the selected FTP location and converted into an ILWIS format Note that in the batch file additional locations for retrieval are given After the import has been completed display the new map created srim S20E010 use as Representation Elevation3 add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values You can use the DEM hydro processing tools to further process the elevation model Note that if you want to combine multiple tiles you can use the generic ILWIS option GlueRas available from the main ILWIS menu under Operations gt Raster Operations gt Glue Maps 4 8 3 ASTER GDEM Version 2 One has to register to get access to the GDEM data Therefore the import routine can t automatically retrieve the data Eventually register and login to obtain the GDEM data from http gdem ersdac jspacesystems or jp Select the required elevation data and download it first onto a local storage device in the temporary directory created Once the selected elevation information is downloaded open from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Global Elevation Data gt ASTER GDEM Verion 2 gt ASTER GDEM 1 Arc Sec 30m 1 X 1 degree tiles sub menu In this case Lower Left Latitude and Longitude Corner coordinates have to be specified Note that the Latitude interval is 1 degree up to 83 degrees nor
170. r acknowledgement of the copyright press lt enter gt to start the application After Panoply has started browse to your working directory and select the file output nc and press Open Double click on the layer sund select as Plot type Lon La to see the resulting Sunshine Duration global plot of 2012 06 02 00 00 From the menu you can always consult the Help function to get further information on the functionality of this utility You can close the application when finished inspecting the data 4 10 10 Online Maps For this collection of routines no input or output folders need to be specified From the SOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Web Mapping Services Online Maps Show Google Maps and press Import Might be that your Internet Explorer browser is blocking the display of the content in that case select from the browser Allow blocked content A world zoom is presented and you can zoom in to see additional details Close the browser window From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Web Mapping Services gt Online Maps gt Search in Google Maps provide the Location Country as example Paris France can be used and press Import A map showing the Paris municipal area is retrieved and you can zoom pan etc according to your requirements Another option is provided by Virtual Earth From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Web Mapping S
171. r information from certain stations you can create a Scheduled Task in the Operating System to automate the extraction procedure Close the ICAO html report retrieved Use the Windows Explorer and check the content of your working directory and open the file EHAM_ yyyymmddhhmm htm and check once more the content of the report Select from the Code File table another country or airport e g Cape Town South Africa FACT and repeat the procedure to extract the TAF data Note For the code file use is made of the document Location Indicators by State r4cdlocationindicatorsbystate pdf available from http legacy icao int anb aig taxonomy r4cdlocation indicatorsbystate pdf which is providing all ICAO codes The Toolbox Code File table is stored under the main ILWIS directory Extensions l SOD Toolbox util metadata This file only provides the ICAO code per city country For presenting the html file currently Windows Internet Explorer is used Furthermore the system regional setting format assumed is English United States as short date format M d yyyy and short time format h mm tt are expected If you use another default web browser or your system uses different Region and Language settings the results might appear different 4 2 GAUGE BASED AND SATELLITE DERIVED RAINFALL DATA 4 2 1 Introduction Routines have been developed to integrate the online satellite derived precipitation products from the NOAA Cl
172. rd Mapped Image SMI products are image representations of binned data products The image is typically a scaled value 16bit two dimensional array of an Equidistant Cylindrical projection of the globe The original SMI definition was a 9 2km at the equator resolution product resampled to 4 6 km for the products used here source http oceancolor gsfc nasa gov The long wave SST algorithm makes use of MODIS bands 31 and 32 at 11 and 12 um The brightness temperatures are derived from the observed radiances by inversion in linear space of the radiance versus blackbody temperature relationship For msl12 these relationships were precomputed for the spectral response of each MODIS channel and the tables were then stored in HDF files to be loaded at run time In modsst the radiance versus blackbody temperature relationship was computed at run time The nonlinear SST algorithm was tuned for two different regimes based on brightness temperature difference The algorithm for computing long wave SST sst from observed brightness temperatures is shown below dBT lt 0 5 sst a00 a01 BT11 a02 dBT bsst a03 dBT 1 0 mu 1 0 dBT gt 0 9 sst a10 a11 BT11 a12 dBT bsst a13 dBT 1 0 mu 1 0 0 5 dBt 0 9 sstlo a00 a01 BT11 a02 dBT bsst a03 dBT 1 0 mu 1 0 37 ssthi a10 a11 BT11 a12 dBT bsst a13 dBT 1 0 mu 1 0 sst sstlo dBT 0 5 0 9 0 5 ssthi sstlo where dBT BT11 BT12 BT11 brightness
173. reative Commons 444 Castro Street Suite 900 Mountain View California 94041 USA Abstract Currently large amounts of environmental data are delivered through GEONETCast EUMETCast ILWIS plug ins are developed to import various data types delivered via these telecommunication based systems The generic RS and GIS capability offered by ILWIS can be used for further processing of the data These systems disseminate real and near real time environmental data which can be received using a low cost ground receiving station On the other hand various environmental data resources especially time series of data are currently available through the internet The In Situ and Online Data Toolbox ISOD is developed to easily ingest these data sources The data supplements the information delivered through the data dissemination systems mentioned above but requires internet connectivity The toolbox is identical in design as compared to the other toolbox plug ins like the GEONETCast Toolbox This document is proving a description where to download all the freeware utilities how to install and configure them The ISOD Toolbox developed is an open utility It can be easily modified and tuned to fit the specific user needs without programming skills Next to this description also an overview is presented on the various data resources that can be automatically retrieved and processed Finally the document provides hands on exercises how t
174. recording on their 24 hour rolling archive available at http oiswww eumetsat org SDDI html grib html The user can select the MPE derived from METEOSAT 7 and MSG Once all data is downloaded the files are imported into an ILWIS format A loop processing routine is applied to import the various rainfall instances This routine needs a fast internet connection as a lot of files are transferred 48 for MET 7 and 96 from MSG Rainfall intensities are given in mm per hour Using generic GIS functionality the various rainfall instances can be aggregated 3 3 9 FEWSNET RAINFALL AND CLIMATOLOGY FOR AFRICA These rainfall estimates are created by the Climate Prediction Center for the United States Agency for International Development USAID Famine Early Warning System FEWS project to assist in drought monitoring and flood forecasting efforts throughout Africa The rainfall algorithm called RFE1 0 uses infrared temperature satellite data rain gauge data modeled wind and relative humidity data to compute ten day rainfall estimates Meteosat 5 IR temperature data is first used to compute estimated rainfall via the GOES Precipitation Algorithm GPI Modeled relative humidity and wind data is then compared to topographical data to estimate cross terrain flow as orographic precipitation These two estimates are then compared to Global Telecommunications System GTS rain gauge measurements and ground truthing is performed to remove bias and create the fin
175. rine dad NS soe sts LO eL dE redi LO ee atf 76 4 13 5 SADC Forecasting trece i t di ig di oeiia eatit TE 77 4 10 Web Mapping Services eese nennen nennen nnne nenne nnn nena 78 4 10 1 Introduction deine irte oerte ic Ete Eee HIE EID Re BOR HERR OE R cef Os 78 4 10 2 MPE and RFS to Google e iil gedaan iv Corre e eoe ven att du dee dene err Ln 78 4 10 3 Surface Pressure Forecast Europe eeeeeeeeeeeneeen enne menn 78 4 10 4 Current Position of the Africa ITF sess enne rennen 79 4 105 NOAA Weather Charts 2 22 nice Ue debate Hoel eb tet obs dos e dated eee ket leote pecie uds 79 4 10 6 CPC Global Forecasting System sesssssssseeeeeeeneeneen mener nere 79 4 10 7 NASA POWER Agroclimatology eese nmn rennen 79 4 10 8 NOAA CPC SST and SST Anomaly sese enne nere 79 4710 9 ECMWF Rie AnalysSlS sues oec oerte d ge ite ade eoo ete peed cae whe 80 4 10 10 Online Maps retur oer etre te ie teta Rode dert ve dx ask Eod eue eee Urbe eee 80 4 11 Display Julian Day tables eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeee eene nennen nnne 80 5 CONCLUSIONS 81 APPENDICES 83 Appendix 1 Other utilities available at the EO Community web pages at 52North org 83 Appendix 2 Utilities available at th
176. rious images and products these can have different formats in the example of figure 2 3 the Date stamp expected should have the format yyyymm yyyy year mm month Also jjj Julian day dek Dekade are used e g yyyymmdekdek Type This is the only part of the toolbox that does not allow user modification without programming experiences Various forms that generate the pop up windows are available within the EO ToolboxUl dll and are called by their specific names given These forms generate the appearance of the popup windows when importing a specific product The popup menu that is given in figure 2 3 is generated from a type called ymdhmo Folderid This item generates a folder item in the isod ini file From the main Toolbox menu Configuration and Folders option this Folder item is now available and can now be further specified by defining the appropriate input and output directories Comment Additional information one line of text can be provided in the popup menu to notify the user on any specific information that might be relevant In figure 2 3 a comment string is added showing the Date format expected m month and the location the data is extracted from Figure 2 3 Popup menu for import TAMSAT rainfall products TR In Situ and Online Data Toolbox em tttm III m loj me A amp IS0D Monthly rainfall from 1983 onwards amp ISOD Toolbox Help amp Online InSitu Climate Data
177. rocessed 69 4 12 GLOBAL LAND DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM 4 12 1 GLDAS Noah model To retrieve the data from GLDAS open the ISOD gt Toolbox options from the left hand menu tree and open the item Configuration Folders Note that here the assumption is made that you have created on your local system using drive C a directory called GLDAS For the Folder item under GLDAS and GLDAS Meta specify the appropriate directory and press Save to store the drive directory settings Move to the working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again For import of the GLDAS Noah model output select from the SOD gt Toolbox main menu the options Global Land Data Assimilation System gt GLDAS NOAH model output gt GLDAS HOAH 0 25 degree 3 hr Specify the appropriate year and day of year number Here as example the 2005300 is used and press mport Note that 8 files are extracted providing the output for each 3 hourly time step If you want to know the actual calendar day select from the SOD gt Toolbox main menu the menu item Display Julian Day tables and subsequently select the normal year routine and press mport A table will be shown indicating for each calendar day the corresponding day of year here for day 300 this is 27 October After import is completed note that 8 map lists are created Open the map list GLDAS_NOAH025_3H_A2005300_00
178. s ISOD Toolbox toolbox_batchroutines can be executed Starting the command with the P ILWIS knows it has to execute an external command given the fact that the extension is bat the Windows operating system knows it has to execute this file using the Windows Command Line Processor CMD exe For a number of visualization and animation routines to view picture products in png gif or jpg formats IrfanView is used In these cases an additional parameter is defined as 9 called IrtanViewDir This parameter defines the location of the IrfanView directory and executable It can be specified under Configuration gt gt Folders and Special locations options from the ISOD Toolbox User Interface 17 2 6 STRUCTURE OF THE ISOD TOOLBOX BATCH ROUTINES As is the case with the ILWIS scripts also most of the batch files follow a similar structure As an example a retrieval of the FEWSNET eMODIS NDVI for South Africa import routine is given below The first 9 lines see line numbers are giving some general remarks and these are shown in the command line window see figure 2 5 The command echo results in an empty line in the command line window which is used to improve the readability of the text given in the command line window From line 10 to line 19 in the batch file the Date stamp here defined as longfilename is passed originating from the ILWIS script to the batch file using the SET command
179. s are stored like lookup tables georeferences domains etc Furthermore a number of executables are stored here that are used by various toolbox batch routines such as the 7z executable The sub directory Maps is containing a segment polygon file of all countries and for Africa The sub directory wget is storing the utility used to extract the selected data from the internet http or ftp location The sub directory metadata contains a number of files that provide ancillary information describing the nature of the data to be retrieved A sub directory Panoply should be created by the user and the Panoply utility should be stored there see also chapter 1 5 for installation instructions Furthermore to read the meta data from the downloaded GLDAS NOAH GRIB files the Notepad package should be included in the sub directory inpp Julian day tables for leap and normal year are provided in the sub directory JulianDay The file config xml contains the ISOD Toolbox GUI menu structure This file can be edited using a text editor In case the user wants to add new routines this XML file can be adapted and modified The resulting menu will be adapted accordingly when a new instance of the Toolbox is started This allows users that do not have programming experiences to adapt the toolbox to their own preferences A more detailed description is provided below in chapter 2 3 The file isod in contains the settings o
180. spective processing for version 7 tmpa tmpa rt The import routine has been adapted to retrieve the 3 hourly data for both the original V 7 3B42 and reprocessed data using a suffix 7A HDF currently for January 2000 September 2010 Next to the 3 hours products the import routine aggregates the 8 maps to a daily total unit is mm day Other relevant background documents are 26 e Huffman G J R F Adler B Rudolph U Schneider and P Keehn 1995 Global Precipitation Estimates Based on a Technique for Combining Satellite Based Estimates Rain Gauge Analysis and NWP Model Precipitation Information J Clim 8 1284 1295 e Huffman G J 1997 Estimates of Root Mean Square Random Error for Finite Samples of Estimated Precipitation J Appl Meteor 1191 1201 e Huffman G J R F Adler P Arkin A Chang R Ferraro A Gruber J Janowiak A McNab B Rudolph and U Schneider 1997 The Global Precipitation Climatology Project GPCP Combined Precipitation Dataset Bul Amer Meteor Soc 78 5 20 e Huffman G J R F Adler D T Bolvin G Gu E J Nelkin K P Bowman Y Hong E F Stocker D B Wolff 2007 The TRMM Multi satellite Precipitation Analysis Quasi Global Multi Year Combined Sensor Precipitation Estimates at Fine Scale J Hydrometeor 8 1 38 55 e Huffman G J R F Adler M Morrissey D T Bolvin S Curtis R Joyce B McGavock J Susskind 2001 Global Precipitation at One Degree Daily Resolution
181. system LATLON the vector information is properly displayed over the map If your vector coordinate system is LATLON WGS84 then there is a displacement Figure 4 3 1 MOD16 ET and PET MOD16A2 A2012025 1803 CT ham D Working dir MODI 642 42012025 b100 I X DO ANAA aE ewes gt 62206835 50087 ON 395635 91 E To resample e g the ET map from a Sinusoidal projection to LATLON create a new Georeference Select from the main ILWIS menu the option File gt Create Georeference Your GeoReference Name is ET_lation use the option GeoRef Corners as Coordinate System select LATLON from the drop down list as pixel size 32 14 seconds 1 km at the equator the min and max Lat Lon according to the window extracted here SON and 60N for min and max Lat respectively and OE and 10E for min and max Lon respectively Uncheck the option Center of Corner Pixel and press OK Now from the ILWIS main menu select the option Operations gt Spatial Reference Operations gt Raster gt Hesample n the Resample Map window select as Raster Map MOD16A2 A2012025 h18v03 ET tkm as resampling method Nearest Neighbour as output map mod16ET latlon and finally as georeference ET atlor keep the other values as default and press 59 Show and Ok Display the map using a Pseudo Representation Now you can overlay vector files with a latlon coor
182. t temperature is most likely given in Celsius and needs to be further confirmed avgsurft average surface temperature k canopint total canopy water storage kg m 2 evap total evapotranspiration kg m 2 s Iwdown surface incident longwave radiation w m 2 Iwnet net longwave radiation w m 2 psurf surface pressure pa qair near surface specific humidity kg kg qg ground heat flux w m 2 qh sensible heat flux w m 2 qle latent heat flux w m 2 qs surface runoff kg m 2 s qsb subsurface runoff kg m 2 s qsm snowmelt kg m 2 s rainf rainfall rate kg m 2 s swe snow water equivalent kg m 2 swdown surface incident shortwave radiation w m 2 swnet net shortwave radiation w m 2 snowf snowfall rate kg m 2 s soilm1 0 10 cm average layer 1 soil moisture kg m 2 soilm2 10 40 cm average layer 2 soil moisture kg m 2 Soilm3 40 100 cm average layer 3 soil moisture kg m 2 soilm4 100 200 cm average layer 4 soil moisture kg m 2 tsoili 0 10 cm average layer 1 soil temperature k tsoil2 10 40 cm average layer 2 soil temperature k tsoil3 40 100 cm average layer 3 soil temperature k tsoild 100 200 cm average layer 4 soil temperature k tair near surface air temperature k wind near surface wind magnitude m s Also the meta data from each of the GRIB files can be retrieved A routine is available to obtain the corresponding day of year for leap and normal years to deal with the Julian day format To extract the
183. ta dissemination systems providing a multitude of free environmental information without the need for internet access but using a local ground receiving station for reception of the data For more advanced use of the environmental information in ILWIS use can be made of the so called GEONETCast DevCoCast Application manual providing various exercises including description exercise data and powerpoint presentation Also other training materials are available from the ILWIS community at http 52North org as well as from http www itc nl ilwis downloads ilwis33 asp check the left hand Documentation and Applications tabs Also a Moodle based Capacity Building portal the Earth Observation Capacity Building Portal is under construction providing a lot course materials provided during various workshops conducted The link to this resource is http 130 89 212 208 100 It requires a password you can contact the corresponding author for access Finally various resources like scripts base maps sample data etc are also posted at ftp ftp itc nl pub 52n for easy access by the user community 84 Appendix 3 Changelog ISOD Toolbox version 1 4 In this release some new resources have been added All internet links have been checked and modified when the URL s or the products have changed to assure proper operation Changes In the XML version 1 4 of the ISOD toolbox a number of additional routines are added like th
184. ta in PERSIANN estimation is filled with passive microwave rainfall estimation at each 30 minutes time step In the subsequent step the data is aggregated to 2 5 monthly scale and a correction factor is computed based on the ratio of GPCP rainfall and PERSIANN rainfall at a grid of 2 5 monthly scale This ratio is then used to calculate the PERSIANN rainfall fine spatial 0 25 and temporal scale hourly within the 2 5 coverage Full monthly archives of PERSIANN s final 0 25 are available at 3 and 6 hourly temporal resolution source http chrs web uci edu persiann data html Intensity is given in mm per time interval giving the precipitation accumulation period for the duration indicated by the start of the time interval to the end For example a 6 hourly event starting at hour stamp 12 provides the 6 hour accumulated rainfall from 12 00 to 18 00 Other relevant background documents are e Adler R F G J Huffman A Chang R Ferraro P Xie J Janowiak B Rudolf U Schneider S Curtis D Bolvin A Gruber J Susskind and P Arkin 2003 The Version 2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project GPCP Monthly Precipitation Analysis 1979 Present J Hydrometeor 4 1147 1167 e George J Huffman Robert F Adler David T Bolvin Guojun Gu 2009 Improving the global precipitation record GPCP Version 2 1 Geophysical Research Letters 36 17 e Hsu K X Gao S Sorooshian and H V Gupta Precipitation Estimation from Remotely
185. tation estimates as well as bias corrected and gauge satellite blended precipitation products while the Version 0 x only has the satellite only products Currently for the 8 km 30 minute 0 25 degree 3 hourly and daily CMORPH data sets version 1 is used the recent daily and weekly CMORPH rainfall estimates is retrieved from another location and is 25 satellite estimate only ftp ftp cpc ncep noaa gov fews CMORPH GIS units are mm per time step day or week A routine is available to aggregate the 30 minutes rainfall to 1 hour time steps 3 3 3 QMORPH Because the CMORPH estimates are available about 18 hours after real time users that require more timely estimates may be interested in QMORPH estimates which are similar to CMORPH estimates except that the passive microwave precipitation features are propagated via IR data forward in time only with no morphing QMORPH estimates are available within 3 hours of real time and the past one week of QMORPH data are available online 3 3 4 TRMM MERGED HQ INFRARED PRECIPITATION The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission TRMM is a joint U S Japan satellite mission to monitor tropical and subtropical precipitation and to estimate its associated latent heating The rainfall measuring instruments on the TRMM satellite include the Precipitation Radar PR an electronically scanning radar operating at 13 8 GHz TRMM Microwave Image TMI a nine channel passive microwave radiometer and Visible
186. ter Cmorph 3hr20051001 select all cmorph025d3hr_yyyymmdd_hhUTC maps 8 in total in the left hand maplist window selected maps are indicated by a blue colour press the gt sign to add them to the right hand Create MapList window and press OK to save the new maplist Double click with the mouse the newly created Maplist Cmorph 3hr20051001 In the MapList window select as display option Open as Slide Show as Representation select mpe single and press OK twice add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Close the maplist Cmorph 3hr20051001 window click with the right mouse button pressed on the map list icon Cmorph 3hr20051001 and select from the context sensitive menu the options Statistics MapList Statistics as statistical function select Sum and as Output Raster map specify cmorph20051001 sum and press Show Display the map using as Representation mpe sum Add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Leave the map display window open Select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global RainfalP gt CMORPH Global gt CMORPH 0 25 degree daily V1 0 crt sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified As
187. th and south and the longitude interval is also 1 degree from W180 to E180 Enter a suitable lower left corner coordinate pair N S W and E are case sensitive enter them as capital In this example the ZIP file ASTGTM2_S02E030 was manually downloaded and stored into the input folder note that the file was not unzipped specified under the Configuration and Folders options of the ISOD Toolbox main menu Now the following coordinates are applied in the import window for Lat S02 and Long E030 Check the output folder and press Import After the import has been completed display the new map created ASTGTM2_S02E030 use as Representation Elevation3 and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values You can use the DEM hydro processing tools to further process the elevation model Note that if you want to combine multiple tiles you can use the generic ILWIS option GlueRas available from the main ILWIS menu under Operations gt Raster Operations gt Glue Maps Your results should resemble those of figure 4 8 2 using the option No Zoom available from the active map display window menu Options Figure 4 8 2 ASTER GDEM S02E030 Em colshadow ast MapColorComp2 Linearmlstitnsiowstw 000 IWS em lem Fite Edit Layers Options Help DOj x mee enue amp EE astgtm2 30260 EHS Properties i Legend 1 115958 1500 eig colshadow_ast EHT Properties
188. the image visualization press Escape Note that only the current ITCZ dekadal image is given when it is situated over the Northern Hemisphere 4 10 5 NOAA Weather Charts From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Web Mapping Services NOAA Weather Charts and select your region of interest here Europe Africa is used as example Select NWS forecast for FLO50 5000 ft using int pressure datum of 1013 25 hPa and press Import After retrieval of the files an animation is repeated a couple of times note the change of the time stamp of the forecast For details on the Flight Level used and image symbols consult also chapter 3 10 1 4 10 6 CPC Global Forecasting System From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Web Mapping Services gt CPC Global Forecasting System gt Latest GFS Forecasts and press mport After the page is loaded select your region of interest from the map and from the subsequent product table the various forecasted products and animations can be selected 4 10 7 NASA POWER Agroclimatology From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Web Mapping Services gt NASA POWER Agroclimatology gt Climatology Resource for Agroclimatology and press Import After the page is loaded specify a Latitude and Longitude coordinate e g 52 and 6 respectively Subsequently select your Start and End dates e g Jan 1 201
189. the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM 1 arc second elevation grids over the US and 20 sites around the globe and against space borne laser altimeter data globally Horizontal accuracy assessments were conducted as part of the Japan and the global SRTM studies and horizontal resolution studies were conducted in both Japan and the US The absolute vertical accuracy study found the GDEM2 to be within 0 20 meters on average when compared against 18 000 geodetic control points over the CONUS with an accuracy of 17 meters at the 95 confidence level The Japan study noted the GDEM2 differed from the 10 meter national elevation grid by 0 7 meters over bare areas and by 7 4 meters over forested areas Similarly the CONUS study noted the GDEN2 to be about 8 meters above the 1 arc second NED over most forested areas and more than a meter below NED over bare areas The global altimeter study found the GDEM2 to be on average within 3 meters of altimeter derived control and also documented sensitivity to tree canopy height The Japan study noted that the horizontal displacement in GDEM1 of 0 95 pixels was reduced to 0 23 pixels in GDEM2 Both teams noted improvements in horizontal resolution between 71 and 82 meters comparable to the SRTM 1 arc second elevation model but at the cost of some increased noise The number of voids and artifacts noted in GDEM1 were substantially reduced in GDEM2 and in some areas virtually eliminated GDEM2 while vastly im
190. tion NOAA satellites and processed by the Global Inventory Monitoring and Modelling Studies group GIMMS at the National Aeronautical and Space Administration NASA The NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer AVHRR collects the data that are used to produce the NDVI The scanning radiometer comprised of five channels is used primarily for weather forecasting however there are an increasing number of other applications e g drought monitoring NDVI is calculated from two channels of the AVHRR sensor the near infrared NIR and visible VIS wavelengths using the following algorithm NDVI NIR VIS NIR VIS NDVI is a nonlinear function that varies between 1 and 1 undefined when NIR and VIS are zero Values of NDVI for vegetated land generally range from about 0 1 to 0 7 with values greater than 0 5 indicating dense vegetation Since the late 1980 s the Famine Early Warning System FEWS has used AVHRR data to produce dekadal 10 day composite NDVI images of Africa and has built a valuable archive of these data from mid 1981 to present NDVI g data background EROS processes and archives a dekadal i e 10 days 36 year Africa NDVI product from the NASA GIMMS group called NDVI g The dataset is inter calibrated with SPOT Vegetation NDVI and uses NOAA 17 data since January 2004 The NOAA 17 NDVI data have also been inter calibrated with NOAA 16 and previous NDVI products These data are available from the African
191. trieve the eMODIS Mean Anomaly NDVI data from the second period of 2012 from 1 10 January When the import has been completed refresh the catalogue from the main ILWIS menu select Window and Refresh open the map emodis ea ndvi201202stm using a Pseudo Representation and press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Note that the anomalies represent a subtraction of the mean NDVI values 2001 2010 for a given 10 day period from current year values for the same period rendering an image where negative values portray less vigorous vegetation than average and positive values represent areas that are more vigorous in the current year To import a recent eMODIS Previous Year Difference from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI Africa gt eMODIS NDVI and anomaly from 012010 to 1 month before present gt East Africa gt Previous Year Difference sub menu You can also select another African window In either case only the Date field and the Output Directory needs to be specified Enter a suitable Date string per period here as example also 022012 is used to retrieve the eMODIS Previous Year Difference When the import has been completed refresh the catalogue from the main ILWIS menu select Window and Refresh open the map emodis ea ndvi201202dif using a Pseudo
192. uge Based analysis of Global Daily Precipitation To extract retrospective version global interpolated precipitation data from the ISOD and Toolbox main menu select the Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global Rainfal gt CPC Gauge Based Analysis of Global Daily Precipitation gt Retrospective version daily data 0 5 degree sub menu This option allows import of daily interpolated gauge based precipitation 49 from 1979 to 2005 Specify the Date stamp in the required format yyyymmdd here 19791201 is used note the Output Directory and press Import Upon completion of the import display the map CPC Pgauge 19791201 using as Representation MPE sum Add the country boundaries unchecking the display option Info and activating the option Boundaries only Your results should resemble those of figure 4 2 1 Figure 4 2 1 CPC unified Gauge Based Global Daily Precipitation of 19791201 a CPC Pgauge 19791201 iff C Sat_Precip ttrPgauge_197912011_recomposed gt 999 C Sat_Precip ttrPgauge 197912011 6 C0mposSe l0j xj File Edit Layers Options Help E3G x amp amp n B El 1 203205290 E NIERS country 02 amp Properties BiM EB CPC Pgauge 19 H operties Ei Legend L 0 00000000 i 100 000000 Bj 200 000000 Hj 00 000000 B 400 000000 351 111 85 01 39 4 5 124 48 23 87 w 85 0139 455 12494823 87W 7 To extract the recent real time version global interpolat
193. vi0801 using a NDVIT Representation and press OK add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Note that period 08 represents the data from 01 10 February 2001 To import the short term mean eMODIS NDVI images from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI Africa gt eMODIS NDVI historical data 2001 2011 gt East Africa East Africa Short Term Mean NDVI sub menu You can also select another African window In either case only the Date field and the Output Directory needs to be specified Enter a suitable Date string m month here as example 02 is used to retrieve the eMODIS Short Term Mean NDVI data for February Upon retrieval of the file a looping procedure is started which imports all the short term mean NDVI data of the selected month When the import has been completed refresh the catalogue from the main ILWIS menu select Window and Refresh open the map emodis ea stm08 using a NDVI Representation and press Ok add the country boundaries no Info boundaries only and using the mouse with the left button pressed inspect the map values Note that period 08 represents the short term mean of 01 10 February The short term mean is currently derived for NDVI data for the period 2001 2010 The retrieved short term mean NDVI is presented in figure 4 5 1 62 Figure
194. x dll The ISOD Toolbox plug in should now appear in the Operation Tree identical to figure 2 1 when activating ILWIS38 2 3 STRUCTURE OF THE CONFIG XML One of the main criteria during the development of this utility was to make the toolbox as open as possible allowing users with no programming experiences to make modifications As indicated before all scripts and batch routines used can be adapted by the user Next to this the user can also modify the menu of the Toolbox GUI The file that generates the user interface Config xml can be opened using a text editor The structure of the file is kept as simple as possible The Level is defining the main Level1 and sub menu structure Level2 Level N For the Level value a menu name can be defined Within 14 a certain Level a Product value can be specified which will generate the name of the respective sub menu The string starting with Product value format contains mostly a number of other items like script type folderid and comment Script The item script defines the sub directory were the respective ILWIS script is located and the name of the script that should be executed Format The text string that can be entered here will appear in the popup window when importing a certain image or product It is used to ensure that e g the appropriate time stamp is entered on the user interface see the Date on figure 2 3 For the va
195. xel Information menu select File gt Add Map and now select the map list trmm 3B42 20051001 and press OK Move the mouse over the map display and check the resulting values Once more note that the 3 hour rainfall events are giving the rainfall intensity in mm hr 52 4 2 3 4 GWADI PERSIANN To import the data from the GWADI PERSIANN 3 hourly precipitation archive on a monthly basis select from the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu the item Gauge Satellite derived Rainfall Data gt Global RainfalP gt GWADI PERSIANN Global gt GWADI 0 25 degree 3 hour sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified As Date stamp select 200502 and press Import During import all 3 hour events on a monthly basis are extracted and processed Note that the routine takes a long time to complete as for this month there are 28 days and 8 timestamps per day total of 224 global rainfall maps Note furthermore that the intensity is given in mm time step in this case mm 3hr Display the output map created with the name gwadi Shr0503200 using as representation gwad eventually display the country boundaries using option info off The filename has to be interpreted following gwadi 3hr is the product name timestep 05 is the year 032 is the day of the year for a normal year this is 01 February and 00 is the time step In case calendar day and Julian day or day
196. y Extensions l SOD Toolbox util metadata When using the import routine the data will be extracted and processed additional columns are calculated providing the data in SI units like temperature also minimum and maximum dew point visibility wind speed and maximum wind speed precipitation Note that if during import an error message appear that ILWIS cannot find table close ILWIS start ILWIS again and repeat the import This error occurs due to the fact that you changed to another output directory during an active ILWIS session To visualize the imported station data open the imported table starting with st_USAFno_year in this case st 062900 2009 Inspect the table content In the menu of the active table window select the graph icon in the subsequent popup window don t select an X axis for the Y axis select the attribute to be visualized here Prcp mm and press OK Now from the left hand graph menu the visualization properties can be changed Double click the layer Prep mm In the Graph options change the name to Precipitation select a Needle representation instead of a point and eventually change the colour to Blue and press OK Now select from the graph menu the option Edit gt Add Graph gt from Columns and select for the Y Axis the table attribute TempMIN C and press OK Double click the layer TempMIN C In the Graph options change the name to Min Temperature select a Line
197. ys is the sum of ET during these 8 day time periods 5 days for 361 composite data in 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 2011 6 days for 361 in 2000 2004 2008 and 2012 The monthly ET 0 1mm month is the sum of monthly ET For February there are 29 days in a leap year and 28 days in normal years Relevant References are e Mu Q F A Heinsch M Zhao and S W Running 2007a Development of a global evapotranspiration algorithm based on MODIS and global meteorology data Remote Sensing of Environment 111 519 536 doi 10 1016 j rse 2007 04 015 e Mu Q M Zhao F A Heinsch M Liu H Tian S W Running 2007b Evaluating water stress controls on primary production in biogeochemical and remote sensing based models Journal of Geophysical Research 112 G01012 doi 10 1029 2006JG0001 79 e Mu Q M Zhao S W Running 2011 Improvements to a MODIS Global Terrestrial Evapotranspiration Algorithm Remote Sensing of Environment 3 6 FEWSNET NOAA eMODIS NDVI for Africa 3 6 1 FEWSNET NOAA DERIVED NDVI FOR AFRICA Introduction The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI provides a measure of the amount and vigour of vegetation at the land surface The magnitude of NDVI is related to the level of photosynthetic activity in the observed vegetation In general higher values of NDVI indicate greater vigour and amounts of vegetation NDVI is derived from data collected by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra
198. zation use is made of IrfanView Also check under the Folder item Special locations if the location to iview exe is properly specified Move to the new working directory using the ILWIS Navigator Close ILWIS and open it again 4 10 2 MPE and RFS to Google These two services make use of the 15 minutes precipitation products the MPE derived from MSG and the RFS derived from GOES At ITC these 15 minutes products are aggregated to obtain the 24 hour precipitation amount in mm from 00 00 to 23 45 UTC These files are compressed and subsequently transferred to a FTP site ftp ftp itc nl oub mpe After specifying an output directory the application can be started the accumulated 24 hour precipitation map is downloaded decompressed and transformed into a PNG format with a transparent layer for the areas that have not received precipitation A KML file is created and executed which invokes Google Earth to start and display the results These applications assume that Google Earth is locally available From the ISOD gt Toolbox main menu select the Web Mapping Services MPE to Google gt Aggregated 24 hour MPE to Google Earth sub menu In this case only the Date field and the Output Directory need to be specified Enter a suitable date e g 20111101 to extract the 24 hour aggregated Multi Sensor Precipitation Estimate from the ITC FTP site and press mport Note that in order to produce th

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