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XBee®/XBee-PRO®2.4 DigiMesh RF Modules

1. Output Low Voltage lo 2 mA VCC gt 3 0 V z 0 18 VCC Output High Voltage lon 2 mA VCC gt 3 0 V 0 82 VCC Input Leakage Current Vin VCC or GND all inputs per pin ADC Characteristics Operating Parameter Condition i Typical VREF Analog to Digital converter reference range Enabled VREF Reference Supply Current a ce Disabled or sleep mode Analog Input Voltage 1 Maximum electrical operating range not valid conversion range ADC Timing Performance Characteristics Parameter Condition i Typical Source Impedance at Input Analog Input Voltage Ideal Resolution 1 LSB 2 08V gt Vppap gt 3 6V Differential Non linearity Integral Non linearity Zero scale Error Full scale Error Input Leakage Error Total Unadjusted Error 1 All ACCURACY numbers are based on processor and system being in WAIT state very little activity and no IO switching and that adequate low pass filtering is present on analog input pins filter with 0 01 uF to 0 1 uF capacitor between analog input and Vgep Failure to observe these guidelines may result in system or microcontroller noise causing accuracy errors which will vary based on board layout and the type and magnitude of the activity Data transmission and reception during data conversion may cause some degradation of these specifications depending on the number and
2. o E PRO Ena Son o ye c XBee form factor c XBee PRO form factor Recommended Keepout Area All PCB Layers D D k 111 8mm ki le 44 Thou No metal in keepout on all layers E E a E E JE t0 E k Q m wo j a Preferred edge of PCB at ef When possible keep XBee close Nes ee amp to edge of board F g E9 5 a J N E ie s XBee OE PRO Kan o So o Hel n N D N G The antenna performance improves with a larger keepout area H H Notes 1 Non metal enclasures are recommended For metal enclosures an external antenna should be used 2 Metal chassis or mounting structures in the keepout area should be at least inch 2 54 cm from antenna 3 Maximize distance between antenna and metal objects that might be mounted in keepout area 4 These keepout area guidelines do not apply for Wire Whip antennas or external RF connectors Wire J Whip antennas radiate best over the center of a ground plane K K REV ECO DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE BY CKD APPR DATE TITLE APPROVALS DATE DESIGNED Keepout Area for DRAWN Embedded PCB Antenna CHECKED ENGINEER PART NO REV Digi International Inc 1 2 3 4 All rights reserved DO NOT SCALE DRAWING SHEET 1 of 1 10 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Electrical Characteristics DC Characteristics of the XBee PRO VCC 3 0 3 6VDC Parameter Condition Input Low Voltage All Digital Inputs 0 2 VCC Input High Voltage All Digital Inputs 0 8 VCC
3. Channel Set Read the channel number used for transmitting and receiving data between RF modules uses 802 15 4 protocol channel numbers 0x0B 0x1A XBee 0x0C 0x17 XBee PRO Coordinator End Device Set read the routing mode of the module 0 Router 2 End device Nodes configured this way will not route data 2011 Digi International Inc 0 2 40 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Serial Interfacing I O AT Serial Interfacing Commands Name and Description Parameter Range Default Command API mode Set or read the API mode of the radio The following settings are allowed 0 API mode is off All UART input and output is raw data and packets are delineated using the RO and RB parameters AP 1 API mode is on All UART input and output data is packetized in the API format 0 1 or 2 0 without escape sequences 2 API mode is on with escaped sequences inserted to allow for control characters XON XOFF escape and the 0x7e delimiter to be passed as data API Output Format Enables different API output frames Options include AO 0 Standard Data Frames 0x90 for RF RX 0 1 0 1 Explicit Addressing Data Frames 0x91 for RF RX Baud rate Set or read serial interface rate speed for data transfer between radio modem and host Values from 0 8 select preset standard rates Values at 0x39 and above select the actual baud rate Providing the host supports it Baud
4. Frame Data Frame data of the UART data frame forms an API specific structure as follows Figure 5 03 UART Data Frame amp API specific Structure Start Delimiter Length Frame Data Checksum Byte 1 Bytes 2 3 Bytes 4 n Byte n 1 Ox7E MSB LSB API specific Structure 1 Byte API Identifier Identifier specific Data cmdiD cmdData The cmdID frame API identifier indicates which API messages will be contained in the cmdData frame Identifier specific data Note that multi byte values are sent big endian The XBee modules support the following API frames API Frame Names and Values API Frame Names API ID AT Command 0x08 AT Command Queue Parameter Value 0x09 Transmit Request 0x10 Explicit Addressing Command Frame 0x11 Remote Command Request 0x17 AT Command Response 0x88 Modem Status 0x8A Transmit Status 0x8B Receive Packet AO 0 0x90 Explicit Rx Indicator AO 1 0x91 Node Identification Indicator AO 0 0x95 Remote Command Response 0x97 2011 Digi International Inc 50 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Checksum To test data integrity a checksum is calculated and verified on non escaped data To calculate Not including frame delimiters and length add all bytes keeping only the lowest 8 bits of the result and subtract the result from OxFF To verify Add all bytes include checksum but not the delimiter and length If the checksum
5. The RTS and CTS module pins can be used to provide RTS and or CTS flow control CTS flow control pro vides an indication to the host to stop sending serial data to the module RTS flow control allows the host to signal the module to not send data in the serial transmit buffer out the UART RTS and CTS flow control are enabled using the D6 and D7 commands CTS Flow Control If CTS flow control is enabled D7 command when the serial receive buffer is filled with FT bytes the module de asserts CTS sets it high to signal to the host device to stop sending serial data CTS is re asserted when less than FT 16 bytes are in the UART receive buffer See command description for the FT command RTS Flow Control If RTS flow control is enabled D6 command data in the serial transmit buffer will not be sent out the DOUT pin as long as RTS is de asserted set high The host device should not de assert RTS for long periods of time to avoid filling the serial transmit buffer If an RF data packet is received and the serial transmit buffer does not have enough space for all of the data bytes the entire RF data packet will be discarded Serial Interface Protocols The XBee modules support both transparent and API Application Programming Interface serial interfaces Transparent Operation When operating in transparent mode the modules act as a serial line replacement All UART data received through the DIN pin is queued up for RF t
6. Diagnostics 39 6 Command Reference Tables 40 7 API Operation 49 API Frame Specifications 49 API UART Exchanges 51 AT Commands 51 Transmitting and Receiving RF Data 51 Remote AT Commands 51 Supporting the API 52 Frame Data 52 AT Command 52 2011 Digi Internaitonal Inc W XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Contents AT Command Queue Parameter Value 53 Transmit Request 53 Explicit Addressing Command Frame 54 Remote AT Command Request 56 AT Command Response 57 Modem Status 57 Transmit Status 58 Receive Packet 59 Explicit Rx Indicator 60 Node Identification Indicator 61 Remote Command Response 62 Appendix A Definitions 63 Appendix B Agency Certifications 65 United States FCC 65 OEM Labeling Requirements 65 FCC Notices 65 FCC Approved Antennas 2 4 GHz 65 Europe ETSI 68 OEM Labeling Requirements 68 Restrictions 68 Declarations of Conformity 68 Approved Antennas 69 Canada IC 69 Labeling Requirements 69 Japan Telec 70 Labeling Requirements 70 Australia C Tick 70 Labeling Requirements 70 Appendix C Additional Information 71 1 Year Warranty 71 2011 Digi Internaitonal Inc 1 XBee DigiMesh RF Modules The XBee and XBee PRO 2 4 DigiMesh RF Modules were engineered to support the unique needs of low cost low power wireless sensor networks The modules require minimal power and provide reliable delivery of data between remote devices The modules operate
7. NN and MT parameters define the maximum broadcast delay as follows BroadcastTxTime NN NH MT 1 18ms Transmitting a unicast with a known route When a route to a destination node is known the transmission time is largely a function of the number of hops and retries The timeout associated with a unicast assumes the maximum number of hops is necessary as specified by NH The time out can be estimated in the following manner knownRouteUnicast 2 NH MR unicastOneHopTime Transmitting a unicast with an unknown route If the route to the destination is not known the transmitting module will begin by sending a route discovery If the route discovery is successful and a route is found then the data is transmitted The timeout associated with the entire operation can be estimated as follows unknownRouteUnicast BroadcastTxTime NH unicastOneHopTime knownRouteUnicast Transmitting a unicast with a broken route If the route to a destination node has changed since the last time a route discovery was completed a node will begin by attempting to send the data along the previous route After it fails a route discovery will be initiated and upon completion of the route discovery the data will be transmitted along the new route The timeout associated with the entire operation can be estimated as follows brokenRouteUnicast BroadcastTxTime NH unicastOneHopTime 2 knownRouteUnicast 2011 Digi International Inc 30 4 Sleep Mode A number of low
8. without ever receiving a MAC acknowledgement message from the adjacent node When the value reaches Oxffff it stays there Temperature Read module temperature in Celsius Negatives temperatures can be returned Received Signal Strength This command reports the received signal strength of the last received RF data packet The DB command only indicates the signal strength of the last hop It does not provide an accurate quality measurement for a multihop link The DB command value is measured in dBm For example if DB returns 0x60 then the RSSI of the last packet received was 96dBm 0 OxFFFF read only 0 0xFFFFFFFF n a Oxff74 to 0x0258 Factory set nla RF Errors Read the number of times a packet was received which contained integrity n a n a errors of some sort When the value reaches OxFFFF it stays there nla n a 0x20 3 2 seconds n a 2011 Digi International Inc 44 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules AT Command Options AT Command Options Commands AT Command Name and Description Command Mode Timeout Set Read the period of inactivity no valid commands received after which the RF module automatically exits AT Command Mode and returns to Idle Mode Parameter Range 2 0x1770 Default 0x64 100d Exit Command Mode Explicitly exit the module from AT Command Mode Guard Times Set required period of silence before and after the Command Sequence Characters of th
9. 0 Ox7E A MSB 1 0x00 p Length Number of bytes between the length and the checksum LSB 2 0x02 3 Ox8A P 0x00 Hardware reset a Frame specific Data 4 0x00 0x01 Watchdog timer reset 0x0B Network Woke Up e Ox0C Network Went To Sleep t Checksum 5 0x75 OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte 2011 Digi International Inc 57 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Transmit Status Frame Type 0x8B When a TX Request is completed the module sends a TX Status message This message will indicate if the packet was transmitted successfully or if there was a failure Start Delimiter Number of bytes between the length and the checksum Identifies the UART data frame being reported Note If Frame ID 0 in AT Command Mode no AT Command Response will be given Reserved The number of application transmission retries that took Frame specific Data place 0x00 Success 0x01 MAC ACK Failure 0x15 Invalid destination endpoint 0x21 Network ACK Failure 0x25 Route Not Found 0x00 No Discovery Overhead 0x02 Route Discovery Checksum OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Example In the above example a unicast data transmission was sent successfully to a destination device using a frame ID of 0x47 2011 Digi International Inc 58 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Receive Packet Frame Type 0x90 Wh
10. ASCII characters that identify the 6 0x48 H AT Command If present indicates the requested parameter value to set the given register If no characters present register is queried 8 0x0F OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte The above example illustrates an AT command when querying an NH value AT Command Queue Parameter Value Frame Type 0x09 This API type allows module parameters to be queried or set In contrast to the AT Command API type new parameter values are queued and not applied until either the AT Command 0x08 API type or the AC Apply Changes command is issued Register queries reading parameter values are returned immediately Example Send a command to change the baud rate BD to 115200 baud but don t apply changes yet Module will continue to operate at the previous baud rate until changes are applied Start Delimiter Frame specific Data Checksum Number of bytes between the length and the checksum Identifies the UART data frame for the host to correlate with a subsequent ACK acknowledgement If set to 0 no response is sent Command Name Two ASCII characters that identify the AT Command If present indicates the requested parameter value to set the given register If no characters present register is queried OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Note In this example the parameter could
11. If the Associate LED functionality is enabled D5 command this value determines the on and off blink times for the LED If LT 0 the default blink rate will be used 500ms sleep coordinator 250ms otherwise For all other LT values LT is measured in 10ms Force Sample Forces a read of all enabled digital and analog input lines I O Digital Change Detection Set Read the digital I O pins to monitor for changes in the I O state IC works with the individual pin configuration commands D0 D9 P0 P2 If a pin is enabled as a digital input output the IC command can be used to force an immediate I O sample transmission when the DIO state changes IC is a bitmask that can be used to enable or disable edge detection on individual channels Unused bits should be set to 0 Bit I O pin 0 DIO0 D109 10 D1010 11 D1011 12 D1012 lO Sample Rate Set Read the I O sample rate to enable periodic sampling For periodic sampling to be enabled IR must be set to a non zero value and at least one module pin must have analog or digital I O functionality enabled see D0 D9 P0 P2 commands The sample rate is measured in milliseconds 2011 Digi International Inc 0 Ox1FFF 0 0x03FF 0 0x03FF 0x14 OxFF x10ms nla 0 OxF FFF 0 OxFFFF ms Ox1FFF n a 43 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules T O Commands AT reer Command Name and Description Sleep Sample Rate IF Set read the number of sleep
12. XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Enter Deployment Mode Wait Sleep Guard Time Is Node in Deployment Mode Is Sleep Coordinator Is Sleep Coordinator Wait Random Holdoff Listen for Listen for Relay of Sync Relay of Sync Ever been Sync ed Is node a non sleep coord node which has lost sync Coord Rapid Sync Disabled Exit Deployment Mode Network Transmit Time Wait Sleep Guard Time Is Cyclic Sleep Node Wait Sleep Time in Low Power Mode 2011 Digi International Inc XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Becoming a Sleep Coordinator A node can become a sleep coordinator in one of four ways Preferred Sleep Coordinator Option A node can be specified to always act as a sleep coordinator This is done by setting the preferred sleep coordinator bit bit 0 in the sleep operations parameter SO to 1 A node with the sleep coordinator bit set will always send a sync message at the beginning of a wake cycle For this reason it is imperative that no more than one node in the network has this bit set Although it is not necessary to specify a preferred sleep coordinator it is often useful to select a node for this purpose to improve network performance A node which is centrally located in the network can serve as a good sleep coordinator to minimize the number of hops a
13. and then returns to sleep While asleep it cannot receive RF messages or read commands fromt the UART port Generally sleep and wake times are specified by the SP and ST respectively of the network s sleep coordinator These parameters are only used at start up until the node is synchronized with the network When a module has synchronized with the network its sleep and wake times can be queried with the OS and OW commands respectively If D9 1 ON_SLEEP enabled on a cyclic sleep node the ON_SLEEP line will assert when the module is awake and de assert when the module is asleep CTS is also de asserted while asleep D7 1 A newly powered unsynchronized sleeping node will poll for a synchronized message and then sleep for the period specified by SP repeating this cycle until it becomes synchronized by receiving a sync message Once a sync message is received the node will synchronize itself with the network Note All nodes in a synchronous sleep network should be configured to operate in either Synchronous Sleep Support Mode or Synchronous Cyclic Sleep Mode Asynchronous sleeping nodes are not compatible with synchronous sleep nodes Asynchronous Sleep Operation Wake Timer In cyclic sleep mode SM 4 or SM 5 if serial or RF data is received the module will start a sleep timer time until sleep Any data received serially or by RF link will reset the timer The timer duration can be set using the ST command The module re
14. cycles that must elapse between periodic I O samples This allows I O samples to be taken only during some wake cycles During those cycles I O samples are taken at the rate specified by IR Commissioning Pushbutton This command can be used to simulate commissioning button presses in software The CB parameter value should be set to the number of button presses to be simulated For example sending the ATCB1 command will execute the action associated with 1 commissioning button press Diagnostics Diagnostics Commands AT Command VR Name and Description Firmware Version Read firmware version of the module Parameter Range 1 0xFF 0 4 Parameter Range 0 0xFFFFFFFF read only Default n a Default Firmware set HV CK ER GD DB Hardware Version Read hardware version of the module Configuration Code Read the configuration code associated with the current AT command configuration The code returned can be used as a quick check to determine if a node has been configured as desired Good packets Read the number of good frames with valid MAC headers that are received on the RF interface When the value reaches OxFFFF it stays there RSSI PWM timer Set or read the time that the RSSI output indicating signal strength will remain active after the last reception Time units are measured in tenths of seconds Transmission Errors Read the number of MAC frames that exhaust MAC retries
15. device to 1 broadcasts go to 1 hop neighbors only and apply changes so the new configuration value immediately takes effect In this example the 64 bit address of the remote is 0x0013A200 40401122 2011 Digi International Inc XBee XBee PRO RF Modules AT Command Response Frame Type 0x88 In response to an AT Command message the module will send an AT Command Response message Some commands will send back multiple frames for example the ND Node Discover command Start Delimiter Number of bytes between the length and the checksum Identifies the UART data frame being reported Note If Frame ID 0 in AT Command Mode no AT Command Response will be given Command Name Two ASCII characters that identify the Frame specific Data AT Command 0 OK 1 ERROR 2 Invalid Command 3 Invalid Parameter Register data in binary format If the register was set then this field is not returned as in this example Checksum OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Example Suppose the BD parameter is changed on the local device with a frame ID of 0x01 If successful parameter was valid the above response would be received Modem Status Frame Type 0x8A RF module status messages are sent from the module in response to specific conditions Example The following API frame is returned when an API device powers up Start Delimiter
16. have been sent as a zero padded 2 byte or 4 byte value Transmit Request Frame Type 0x10 A Transmit Request API frame causes the module to send data as an RF packet to the specified destination The 64 bit destination address should be set to 0x000000000000FFFF for a broadcast transmission to all devices For unicast transmissions the 64 bit address field should be set to the address of the desired destination node The reserved field should be set to OxFFFE This example shows if escaping is disabled AP 1 2011 Digi International Inc 53 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E MSB 1 0x00 Length Number of bytes between the length and the checksum LSB 2 0x16 3 0x10 Identifies the UART data frame for the host to correlate 4 0x01 with a subsequent ACK acknowledgement If set to 0 no response is sent MSB 5 0x00 6 0x13 7 OxA2 8 0x00 Set to the 64 bit address of the destination device The following address is also supported 9 0x40 0x000000000000FFFF Broadcast address 10 0x0A A P 11 0x01 I LSB 12 0x27 P 13 0xFF Set to 0xFFFE a 14 OxFE c Frame specific Data Sets maximum number of hops a broadcast transmission k 15 0x00 can occur If set to 0 the broadcast radius will i be set to the maximum hops value Bitfield bit 0 Disable ACK 15 O00 bit 1 Don t attempt route Discovery All other bits must be set t
17. high When used as SLEEP_RQ the D8 parameter should be configured in mode 0 or 3 2011 Digi International Inc 42 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules I O Commands AT Command D9 Name and Description DIO9 ON SLEEP Configuration Configure options for the DIO9 ON SLEEP line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 1 ON SLEEP 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high Parameter Range 0 1 3 5 Default PR MO M1 LT Pull up Resistor Set read the bit field that configures the internal pull up resistor status for the I O lines 1 specifies the pull up resistor is enabled 0 specifies no pullup Bits 0 DIO4 AD4 Pin 11 1 AD3 DIO3 Pin 17 2 AD2 DIO2 Pin 18 3 AD1 DIO1 Pin 19 4 ADO DIOO Pin 20 5 RTS DIO6 Pin 16 6 DTR SLEEP_RQ DI08 DIO8 Pin 9 7 DIN Config Pin 3 8 Associate DIO5 Pin 15 9 On Sleep DIO9 Pin 13 10 DIO12 Pin 4 11 PWMO RSSI DIO10 Pin 6 12 PWM1 DIO11 Pin 7 13 DIO7 CTS Pin 12 14 DOUT Pin 2 PWMD Output Level Set read the output level of the PWM0 line The line should be configured as a PWM output using the PO command PWM1 Output Level Set read the output level of the PWM1 line The line should be configured as a PWM output using the P1 command Assoc LED Blink Time Set Read the Associate LED blink time
18. may be introduced in future releases For example a section of code on a host microprocessor that handles received serial API frames sent out the module s DOUT pin might look like this void XBee_HandleRxAPIFrame _apiFrameUnion papiFrame switch papiFrame gt api_id case RX RF DATA FRAME process received RF data frame break case RX_IO SAMPLE FRAME process IO sample frame break case NODE IDENTIFICATION FRAME process node identification frame break default Discard any other API frame types that are not being used break Frame Data The following sections illustrate the types of frames encountered while using the API AT Command Frame Type 0x08 Used to query or set module parameters on the local device This API command applies changes after executing the command Changes made to module parameters take effect once changes are applied The API example below illustrates an API frame when modifying the NH parameter value of the module Q N 2011 Digi International Inc XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Start Delimiter Length gt Frame specific Data 0 mo Ss VU Checksum 0 0x7E MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the checksum LSB 2 0x04 3 0x08 Identifies the UART data frame for the host to correlate 4 0x52 R with a subsequent ACK acknowledgement If set to 0 no response is sent 5 0x4E N Command Name Two
19. modified to reflect user preferences NOTE Failure to enter AT Command Mode is most commonly due to baud rate mismatch When using XCTU ensure that the Baud setting on the PC Settings tab matches the interface data rate of the RF module By default the BD parameter 3 9600 bps To Send AT Commands Send AT commands and parameters using the syntax shown below Syntax for sending AT Commands AT ASCII Space Parameter Carriage Prefix Command Optional Optional HEX Return n TA Example ATDL 1F lt CR gt To read a parameter value stored in the RF module s register omit the parameter field The preceding example would change the RF module Destination Address Low to Ox1F To store the new value to non volatile long term memory subsequently send the WR Write command For modified parameter values to persist in the module s registry after a reset changes must be saved to non volatile memory using the WR Write Command Otherwise parameters are restored to previously saved values after the module is reset Command Response When a command is sent to the module the module will parse and execute the command Upon successful execution of a command the module returns an OK message If execution of a command results in an error the module returns an ERROR message Applying Command Changes Any changes made to the configuration command registers through AT commands will
20. modules support a set of commissioning and LED behaviors to aid in device deployment and commissioning These include the commissioning push button definitions and associate LED behaviors These features can be supported in hardware as shown below Commissioning Pushbutton and Associate LED Functionalities Push button le 20 O cms XBee 15 O TE Naot Ww R 7 Associate LED A pushbutton and an LED can be connected to module pins 20 and 15 respectively to support the commissioning pushbutton and associated LED functionalities 2011 Digi International Inc bo Go XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Commissioning Pushbutton The commissioning pushbutton definitions provide a variety of simple functions to aid in deploying devices in a network The commissioning button functionality on pin 20 is enabled by setting the DO command to 1 enabled by default Sleep Button Presses Configuration and Action Sync Status Immediately sends a Node Identification broadcast transmission All devices that receive this transmission will 1 Not configured for sleep blink their Associate LED rapidly for 1 second All API devices that receive this transmission will send a Node Identification frame out their UART API ID 0x95 Wakes the module for 30 seconds Immediately sends a Node Identification broadcast transmission All devices that receive this 1 Configured for asynchronous sleep transmissio
21. power modes exist to enable modules to operate for extended periods of time on battery power These sleep modes are enabled with the SM command The sleep modes are characterized as either asynchronous SM 1 4 5 or synchronous SM 7 8 Asynchronous sleeping modes should not be used in a synchronous sleeping network and vice versa Asynchronous sleep modes can be used to control the sleep state on a module by module basis Modules operating in an asynchronous sleep mode should not be used to route data Digi strongly encourages users to set asynchro nous sleeping modules as end devices using the CE command This will prevent the node from attempting to route data The synchronous sleep feature of DigiMesh makes it possible for all nodes in the network to synchronize their sleep and wake times All synchronized cyclic sleep nodes enter and exit a low power state at the same time This forms a cyclic sleeping network Nodes synchronize by receiving a special RF packet called a sync message which is sent by a node acting as a sleep coordinator A node in the network can become a coordinator through a process called nomination The sleep coordinator will send one sync message at the beginning of each wake period The sync message is sent as a broadcast and repeated by every node in the network The sleep and wake times for the entire network can be changed by locally changing the settings on an individual node The network will use the most recentl
22. receive buffer may become full and possibly overflow e If the module is receiving a continuous stream of RF data the data in the serial receive buffer will not be transmitted until the module is no longer receiving RF data For mesh networking firmware if the module is transmitting an RF data packet the module may need to discover the destination address or establish a route to the destination After transmitting the data the module may need to retransmit the data if an acknowledgment is not received or if the transmission is a broadcast These issues could delay the processing of data in the serial receive buffer Serial Transmit Buffer When RF data is received the data is moved into the serial transmit buffer and is sent out the serial port If the serial transmit buffer becomes full enough such that all data in a received RF packet won t fit in the serial transmit buffer the entire RF data packet is dropped Cases in which the serial transmit buffer may become full resulting in dropped RF packets e If the RF data rate is set higher than the interface data rate of the module the module could receive data faster than it can send the data to the host Even occasional transmissions from a large number of modules can quickly add up and overflow the transmit buffer e If the host does not allow the module to transmit data out from the serial transmit buffer because of being held off by hardware flow control Serial Flow Control
23. receive the node identification frame send it out their UART as an API Node Identification Indicator frame 0x95 Having the commissioning button enabled during sleep will increase the sleeping current draw especially in SM1 mode It is necessary to hold down the commissioning button for up to 2 seconds to wake the module from sleep Associate LED The Associate pin pin 15 can provide indication of the device s sleep status and diagnostic information To take advantage of these indications an LED can be connected to the Associate pin as shown in the figure above The Associate LED functionality is enabled by setting the D5 command to 1 enabled by default If enabled the Associate pin is configured as an output and will behave as described in the following sections The Associate pin indicates the synchronization status of a sleep compatible node On a non sleep compatible node the pin functions as a power indicator The following table describes this functionality The LT command can be used to override the blink rate of the Associate pin When set to 0 the device uses the default blink time 500ms for sleep coordinator 250ms otherwise 2011 Digi International Inc 24 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Sleep mode LED Status Meaning 0 On blinking The device is powered and operating properly 1 4 5 off The device is in a low power mode 1 4 5 On blinking The device is powered awake and is operat
24. return a transmit status frame indicating the success or reason for failure Received data frames indicate the sender s All received RF data API frames indicate the source address address Advanced addressing API transmit and receive frames can expose addressing fields including source and destination support endpoints cluster ID and profile ID Advanced networking API frames can provide indication of IO samples from remote devices and node identification diagnostics messages Set read configuration commands can be sent to remote devices to configure them as needed Remote Configuration using the API As a general rule of thumb API firmware is recommended when a device e sends RF data to multiple destinations e sends remote configuration commands to manage devices in the network e receives IO samples from remote devices e receives RF data packets from multiple devices and the application needs to know which device sent which packet If the above conditions do not apply i e a sensor node router or a simple application then AT firmware might be suitable It is acceptable to use a mixture of devices running API and AT firmware in a network To implement API operations refer to the API Operation chapter Chapter 7 Idle Mode When not receiving or transmitting data the RF module is in Idle Mode During Idle Mode the RF module is checking for valid RF data The module shifts into the other modes
25. sync message must take to get across the network A sleep support node and or a node which is mains powered may be a good candidate The preferred sleep coordinator bit should be used with caution The advantages of using the option become weaknesses when used on a node that is not positioned or configured properly The preferred sleep coordinator option can also be used when setting up a network for the first time When starting a network a node can be configured as a sleep coordinator so it will begin sending sleep messages After the network is set up the preferred sleep coordinator bit can be disabled Nomination and Election Nomination is an optional process that can occur on a node in the event that contact with the network sleep coordinator is lost By default this behavior is disabled This behavior can be enabled with the sleep options command SO This process will automatically occur in the event that contact with the previous sleep coordinator is lost Any sleep compatible node which has this behavior enabled is eligible to become the sleep coordinator for the network If a sleep compatible node has missed three or more sync messages and is not configured as a non sleep coordinator presumably because the sleep coordinator has been disabled it may become a sleep coordinator Depending on the platform and other configured options such a node will eventually nominate itself after a number of cycles without a sync A nominated node will
26. the analog channel mask corresponds to one analog input channel bit 0 ADO DIOO e bit 1 AD1 DIO1 1 Analog Channel Mask e bit 2 AD2 DIO2 e bit 3 AD3 DIO3 e bit 4 AD4 DIO4 e bit 5 ASSOC AD5 DIO5 If any digital IO lines are enabled the first two bytes of the data set indicate the state of all enabled digital IO Only digital channels that are enabled in the Digital Channel Mask bytes have any meaning in the sample set If no digital IO are enabled on the Variable Sampled Data Set device these 2 bytes will be omitted Following the digital IO data if any each enabled analog channel will return 2 bytes The data starts with AINO and continues sequentially for each enabled analog input channel up to AIN5 If the IS command is issued from AT command mode then a carriage return delimited list will be returned containing the above listed fields If the command is issued via an API frame then the module will return an AT command response API frame with the IO data included in the command data portion of the packet 2011 Digi International Inc 26 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Example Sample AT Response Ox01 r 1 sample set Digital Inputs DIO 2 3 10 11 enabled Ox0COC r Ox03 r Analog Inputs A D 0 1 enabled Digital input states DIO 3 10 high DIO 2 11 low 0x03D0 r Analog input ADIO 0 0x3D0 0x0124 r Analog input ADIO 1 0x120 0x0408 r Period
27. the source node along the path of the RREQ This is done regardless of route quality and regardless of how many times an RREQ has been seen before This allows the source node to receive multiple route replies The source node selects the route with the best round trip route quality which it will use for the queued packet and for subsequent packets with the same destination address Throughput Throughput in a DigiMesh network can vary by a number of variables including number of hops encryption enabled dis abled sleeping end devices failures route discoveries Our empirical testing showed the following throughput performance in a robust operating environment low interference Configuration Data Throughput 1 hop Encryption Disabled 27 0 kbps 3 hop Encryption Disabled 10 9 kbps 6 hop Encryption Disabled 5 78 kbps 1 hop Encryption Enabled 20 5 kbps 3 hop Encryption Enabled 9 81 kbps 6 hop Encryption Enabled 4 7 kbps Note Data throughput measurements were made setting the serial interface rate to 115200 bps and measuring the time to send 100 000 bytes from source to destination During the test no route discoveries or failures occurred 2011 Digi International Inc 29 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Transmission Timeouts When a node receives an API TX Request API configured modules or an RO timeout occurs modules configured for Transparent Mode the time required to route the data to its destination depen
28. through a logic level asynchronous serial port Through its serial port the module can communicate with any logic and voltage compatible UART or through a level translator to any serial device For example Through a Digi proprietary RS 232 or USB interface board UART Data Flow Devices that have a UART interface can connect directly to the pins of the RF module as shown in the figure below 2011 Digi International Inc 13 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules System Data Flow Diagram in a UART interfaced environment Low asserted signals distinguished with horizontal line over signal name CMOS Logic 3 0 3 6V Z CMOS Logic 3 0 3 6V DIN data in DIN data in XBee XBee 2 DOUT data out Module Module R WW data out Serial Data Data enters the module UART through the DIN pin 3 as an asynchronous serial signal The signal should idle high when no data is being transmitted Each data byte consists of a start bit low 8 data bits least significant bit first and a stop bit high The following figure illustrates the serial bit pattern of data passing through the module UART data packet 0x1F decimal number 31 as transmitted through the RF module Example Data Format is 8 N 1 bits parity of stop bits Least Significant Bit first bu 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 Idle high UART Signal Signal 0 VDC Voltage Start Bit low Stop Bit high Time The module UART performs t
29. 110 02 SM S Digi also recommends printing an outline of the module on the board to indicate the orientation the module should be mounted Pin Signals Pin Assignments for the XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF Modules Low asserted signals are distinguished with a horizontal line above signal name Direction Description Vcc Power supply DOUT UART Data Out DIN CONFIG DIO12 Either UART Data In Digital I O 12 RESET Input Open drain output Module Reset reset pulse must be at least 100 us This must be driven as an open drain collector The module will drive this line low when a reset occurs This line should never be driven high PWMO RSSI DIO10 Either PWM Output 0 RX Signal Strength Indicator Digital lO PWM DIO11 Either PWM Output 1 Digital 1 0 11 reserved Do not connect DTR SLEEP_RQ DIO8 Either Pin Sleep Control Line or Digital IO 8 GND Ground AD4 DIO4 Either Analog Input 4 or Digital I O 4 CTS DIO7 Either Clear to Send Flow Control or Digital I O 7 ON SLEEP Output Module Status Indicator or Digital I O 9 VREF This line must be connected if analog IO sampling is desired Must be between 2 6 V and Vcc Associate DIO5 AD5 Either Associated Indicator Digital I O 5 RTS DIO6 Either Request to Send Flow Control Digital I O 6 AD3 DIO3 AD2 DIO2 AD1 DIO1 Eith
30. 22BAA 16 bit address 0x7D84 and default NI string the following node identification indicator would be received 2011 Digi International Inc 61 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Remote Command Response Frame Type 0x97 If a module receives a remote command response RF data frame in response to a Remote AT Command Request the module will send a Remote AT Command Response message out the UART Some commands may send back multiple frames for example Node Discover ND command Number of bytes between the length and the checksum This is the same value passed in to the request The address of the remote radio returning this response Reserved Name of the command 0 OK 1 ERROR 2 Invalid Command 3 Invalid Parameter The value of the required register OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Example If a remote command is sent to a remote device with 64 bit address 0x0013A200 40522BAA to query the SL command and if the frame ID 0x55 the response would look like the above example 2011 Digi International Inc 62 Appendix A Definitions Definitions Terms and Definitions Personal Area Network A data communication network that includes a coordinator and one or more routers end devices Synonymous with Network ID Network Address The 16 bit address is used for compatibility and has an address of
31. Detection will force an immediate sample of all monitored digital IO lines if any digital IO lines change state N N 2011 Digi International Inc XBee X Bee PRO RF Modules 4 XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 Dig Mesh iMesh Networking networking allows messages to be routed through several different nodes to a final destination DigiMesh firmware allows manufacturers and system integrators to bolster their networks with the self healing attributes of mesh networking In the event that one RF connection between nodes is lost due to power loss environmental obstructions etc critical data can still reach its destination due to the mesh networking capabilities embedded inside the modules Dig iMesh Feature Set DigiMesh contains the following features Self healing Any node may enter or leave the network at any time without causing the network as a whole to fail Peer to peer architecture No hierarchy and no parent child relationships are needed Quiet Protocol Routing overhead will be reduced by using a reactive protocol similar to AODV Route Discovery Rather than maintaining a network map routes will be discovered and created only when needed Selective acknowledgements Only the destination node will reply to route requests Reliable delivery Reliable delivery of data is accomplished by means of acknowledgements Sleep Modes Low power sleep modes with synchronized wake are supported wit
32. F Omni directional A24 F8NF Omni directional A24 FONF Omni directional A24 Y13NF Yagi 13 element 2 1 dBi Fixed Mobile 4 2 dB 3 0 dBi Fixed Mobile 5 1 dB 5 0 dBi Fixed Mobile 7 1 dB Fiberglass base station 8 0 dBi Fixed 10 1 dB Fiberglass base station Fiberglass base station 9 5 dBi Fixed 11 6 dB 10 0 dBi Fixed 12 1 dB 12 0 dBi Fixed 14 1 dB 15 0 dBi Fixed 17 1 dB Fiberglass base station A24 F12NF Omni directiona A24 F15NF Omni directiona A24 W7NF Omni directional Base station 7 2 dBi Fixed 9 3 dB A24 M7NF Omni directional Mag mount base station 7 2 dBi Fixed 9 3 dB Panel Class Antennas Fiberglass base station Fiberglass base station A24 F10NF Omni directional Fiberglass base station A24 P8SF at Panel 8 5 dBi Fixed 8 6 dB A24 P8NF at Panel 8 5 dBi Fixed 8 6 dB A24 P13NF at Panel 13 0 dBi Fixed 13 1 dB F F F A24 P14NF Flat Panel 14 0 dBi Fixed 14 1 dB F F F A24 P15NF at Panel 15 0 dBi Fixed 15 1 dB A24 P16NF at Panel 16 0 dBi Fixed 16 1 dB A24 P19NF Flat Panel 19 0 dBi Fixed 19 1 dB Waveguide Class Antennas RSM Waveguide 7 1 dBi Fixed 2m 1 5 dB If using the RF module in a portable application For example If the module is used in a handheld device and the antenna is less than 20cm from the h
33. FCC guidelines For installations not performed by a professional non standard connectors RPSMA RPTNC etc must be used The modules are FCC approved for fixed base station and mobile applications on channels OxOB Ox1A XBee and Ox0C 0x17 XBee PRO If the antenna is mounted at least 20cm 8 in from nearby persons the application is considered a mobile application Antennas not listed in the table must be tested to comply with FCC Section 15 203 Unique Antenna Connectors and Section 15 247 Emissions XBee RF Modules 1 mW XBee Modules have been tested and approved for use with the antennas listed in the first and second tables below XBee PRO RF Modules 60 mW XBee PRO Modules have been tested and approved for use with the antennas listed in the first and third tables below The antennas in the tables below have been approved for use with the XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF module Digi does not carry all of these antenna variants Contact Digi Sales for available antennas Antennas approved for use with the XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF Modules Cable loss is not required A24 HASM 450 Dipole Half wave articulated RPSMA 4 5 Fixed Mobile 29000095 Dipole Half wave articulated RPSMA 4 5 Fixed Mobile A24 HABSM Dipole Articulated RPSMA Fixed A24 HABUF P5I Dipole Half wave articulated bulkhead mount U FL w 5 pigtail A24 HASM 525 Dipole Half wave articulated RPSMA 5 25 Fixed Mobile A24 QI Monopol
34. GHz band Go to www art telecom Fr or contact Digi for more information Declarations of Conformity Digi has issued Declarations of Conformity for the XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF Modules con cerning emissions EMC and safety Important Note 2011 Digi International Inc 68 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Digi does not list the entire set of standards that must be met for each country Digi customers assume full responsibility for learning and meeting the required guidelines for each country in their distribution market For more information relating to European compliance of an OEM product incorporating the XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF Module contact Digi or refer to the following web sites CEPT ERC 70 03E Technical Requirements European restrictions and general requirements Available at www ero dk R amp TTE Directive Equipment requirements placement on market Available at www ero dk Approved Antennas When integrating high gain antennas European regulations stipulate EIRP power maximums Use the following guidelines to determine which antennas to design into an application XBee RF Module The following antenna types have been tested and approved for use with the XBee Module Antenna Type Yagi RF module was tested and approved with 15 dBi antenna gain with 1 dB cable loss EIRP Maxi mum of 14 dBm Any Yagi type antenna with 14 dBi gain or less can be used with no cable loss Antenna Type Omni di
35. GND DOUT and DIN To support serial firmware updates VCC GND DOUT DIN RTS and DTR should be connected All unused pins should be left disconnected All inputs on the radio can be pulled high with internal pull up resistors using the PR software command No specific treatment is needed for unused outputs Other pins may be connected to external circuitry for convenience of operation including the Associate LED pin pin 15 and the commissioning button pin pin 20 The Associate LED pin will flash differently depend ing on the state of the module and a pushbutton attached to pin 20 can enable various deployment and troubleshooting functions without having to send UART commands If analog sampling is desired the VRef pin pin 14 should be attached to a voltage reference Board Layout XBee modules are designed to be self sufficient and have minimal sensitivity to nearby processors crystals or other PCB components As with all PCB designs Power and Ground traces should be thicker than signal traces and able to comfortably support the maximum current specifications No other special PCB design considerations are required for integrating XBee radios except in the antenna section Antenna Performance Antenna location is an important consideration for optimal performance In general antennas radiate and receive best perpendicular to the direction they point Thus a vertical antenna s radiation pattern is stron gest across the horizon Met
36. OxFFFE Route Request Broadcast transmission sent by a coordinator or router throughout the network in attempt to establish a route to a destination node Route Reply Unicast transmission sent back to the originator of the route request It is initiated by a node when it receives a route request packet and its address matches the Destination Address in the route request packet Route Discovery DigiMesh Protocol The process of establishing a route to a destination node when one does not exist in the Routing Table It is based on the AODV Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector routing protocol Election Hopping An election takes place to resolve which node will function as the network s sleep coordinator if multiple nodes nominate themselves at the same time One direct host to host connection forming part of the route between hosts Network Identifier A user configurable string used to identify a node apart from its address Network Address The 64 bit address assigned to a node after it has joined to another node Nomination Nomination is the process where a node becomes a sleep coordina tor Route Request Broadcast transmission sent by a coordinator or router throughout the network in attempt to establish a route to a destination node Route Reply Unicast transmission sent back to the originator of the route request It is initiated by a node when it receives a route request pack
37. RO RF Modules A24 P14NF Flat Panel 14 0 dBi Fixed 2m 7 dB A24 P15NF Flat Panel 15 0 dBi Fixed 2m 8 dB A24 P16NF Flat Panel 16 0 dBi Fixed 2m 9 dB XBee RF Module High Gain Antenna Summary The following antenna types have been tested and approved for use with the XBee Module Antenna Type Yagi RF Module was tested and approved with 15 dBi antenna gain with 7 9 dB cable loss Any Yagi type antenna with 7 1 dBi gain or less can be used with no cable loss Antenna Type Omni directional RF Module was tested and approved with 15 dBi antenna gain with 5 7 dB cable loss Any Omni directional antenna with 9 3 dBi gain or less can be used with no cable loss Antenna Type Flat Panel RF Module was tested and approved with 16 dBi antenna gain with 9 0 dB cable loss Any Flat Panel antenna with 7 0 dBi gain or less can be used with no cable loss Antennas approved for use with the XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF Modules Cable loss is required Yagi Class Antennas A24 Y4NF Yagi 4 element A24 Y6NF Yagi 6 element A24 Y7NF Yagi 7 element A24 YONF Yagi 9 element A24 Y10NF Yagi 10 element A24 Y12NF Yagi 12 element A24 Y15NF Yagi 15 element A24 Y16NF Yagi 16 element A24 Y16RM Yagi 16 element RPSMA connector A24 Y18NF Yagi 18 element Omni directional Class Antennas A24 F2NF Omni directional Fiberglass base station A24 F3NF Omni directional A24 F5N
38. XBee XBee PRO 2 4 DigiMesh RF Modules XBee XBee PRO 2 4 DigiMesh RF Modules RF Module Operation RF Module Configuration Appendices RF Modules by Digi International Firmware version 8x6x XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 Digi International Inc 11001 Bren Road East Minnetonka MN 55343 877 912 3444 or 952 912 3444 http www digi com 90000991 _D 7 26 2011 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules 2011 Digi International Inc All rights reserved No part of the contents of this manual may be transmitted or reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of Digi International Inc XBee and XBee PRO are registered trademarks of Digi International Inc Technical Support Phone 866 765 9885 toll free U S A amp Canada 801 765 9885 Worldwide 8 00 am 5 00 pm U S Mountain Time Online Support http www digi com support Email rf experts digi com 2011 Digi International Inc XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Contents 1 XBee DigiMesh RF Modules 5 Key Features 5 Worldwide Acceptance 5 Specifications 6 Mechanical Drawings 7 Mounting Considerations 7 Pin Signals 8 Design Notes 9 Power Supply Design 9 Recommended Pin Connections 9 Board Layout 9 Antenna Performance 9 Electrical Characteristics 11 2 RF Module Operation 13 Overview 13 Serial Communications 13 UART Data Flow 13 Serial Buffers 14 Serial Flow Control 15 Serial Interface Protocols 15 I
39. abled AP 2 the UART data frame structure is defined as follows Figure 5 02 UART Data Frame Structure with escape control characters Start Delimiter Length Frame Data Checksum Byte 1 Bytes 2 3 Bytes 4 n Byte n 1 0x7E MSB LSB API specific Structure 1 Byte l Characters Escaped If Needed MSB Most Significant Byte LSB Least Significant Byte Escape characters When sending or receiving a UART data frame specific data values must be escaped flagged so they do not interfere with the data frame sequencing To escape an interfering data byte insert 0x7D and follow it with the byte to be escaped XOR d with 0x20 2011 Digi International Inc 49 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Data bytes that need to be escaped Ox7E Frame Delimiter e 0x7D Escape e 0x11 XON e 0x13 XOFF Example Raw UART Data Frame before escaping interfering bytes 0x7E 0x00 0x02 0x23 0x11 OxCB 0x11 needs to be escaped which results in the following frame Ox7E 0x00 0x02 0x23 0x7D 0x31 OxCB Note In the above example the length of the raw data excluding the checksum is 0x0002 and the checksum of the non escaped data excluding frame delimiter and length is calculated as OxFF 0x23 0x11 OXFF 0x34 OxCB Length The length field has two byte value that specifies the number of bytes that will be contained in the frame data field It does not include the checksum field
40. al objects near the antenna may impede the radiation pattern Metal objects between the transmitter and receiver can block the radiation path or reduce the transmission distance so antennas should be positioned away from them when possible Some objects that are often overlooked are metal poles metal studs or beams in structures concrete it is usually reinforced with metal rods vehi cles elevators ventilation ducts refrigerators microwave ovens batteries and tall electrolytic capacitors If the XBee is to be placed inside a metal enclosure an external antenna should be used XBees with the Chip or Integrated PCB Antenna should not be placed inside a metal enclosure or have any ground planes or metal objects above or below the antenna For best results place the XBee at the edge of the host PCB on which it is mounted Ensure that the ground power and signal planes are vacant immedi ately below the antenna section Digi recommends allowing a keepout area which is shown in detail on the next page 2011 Digi International Inc 9 XBee X Bee PRO RF Modules 2011 Digi International Inc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Minimum Keepout Area All PCB Layers A Sen 3388Thou 3 9 E E N a No metal in keepout on all layers n Q B o x xe B r2an ERO B S o 2 E e2 XBee
41. and success or reason for failure and in the case of a command query it will include the register value The device that sends a remote command will not receive a remote command response frame if e The destination device could not be reached e The frame ID in the remote command request is set to 0 Network Commissioning and Diagnostics DigiMesh Network commissioning is the process whereby devices in a network are discovered and configured for operation The XBee modules include several features to support device discovery and configuration In addition to configuring devices a strategy must be developed to place devices to ensure reliable routes To accommodate these requirements the XBee modules include various features to aid in device placement configuration and network diagnostics Device Configuration XBee modules can be configured locally through serial commands AT or API or remotely through remote API commands API devices can send configuration commands to set or read the configuration settings of any device in the network 2011 Digi International Inc 21 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Device Placement For a network installation to be successful the installer must be able to determine where to place individual XBee devices to establish reliable links throughout the network Link Testing A good way to measure the performance of a network is to send unicast data through the network from one device
42. asks such as timing and parity checking that are needed for data communications Serial communications depend on the two UARTs to be configured with compatible settings baud rate parity start bits stop bits data bits Serial Buffers The XBee PRO modules maintain buffers to collect received serial and RF data which is illustrated in the figure below The serial receive buffer collects incoming serial characters and holds them until they can be processed The serial transmit buffer collects data that is received via the RF link that will be transmitted out the UART Internal Data Flow Diagram Serial DIN Receiver l RE TX Transmitter J Buffer ae Buffer RF Switch O Antenna VE C Processor 0 BEW J Port GND I i Serial Transmit RF RX a DOUT T Buffer t Buffer lt Receiver RTS 2011 Digi International Inc 14 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Serial Receive Buffer When serial data enters the RF module through the DIN Pin pin 3 the data is stored in the serial receive buffer until it can be processed Under certain conditions the module may not be able to process data in the serial receive buffer immediately If large amounts of serial data are sent to the module CTS flow control may be required to avoid overflowing the serial receive buffer Cases in which the serial
43. begin acting as the new network sleep coordinator It is possible for multiple nodes to nominate themselves as the sleep coordinator If this occurs an election will take place to establish seniority among the multiple sleep coordinators Seniority is determined by four factors in order of priority 1 Newer sleep parameters a node using newer sleep parameters SP ST is considered senior to a node using older sleep parameters See the Changing Sleep Parameters section below 2 Preferred Sleep Coordinator a node acting as a preferred sleep coordinator is senior to other nodes 3 Sleep Support Node sleep support nodes are senior to cyclic sleep nodes This behavior can be modified using the SO parameter 4 Serial number in the event that the above factors do not resolve seniority the node with the higher serial number is considered senior Commissioning Button The commissioning button can be used to select a module to act as the sleep coordinator If the commissioning button functionality has been enabled a node can be immediately nominated as a sleep coordinator by pressing the commissioning button twice or by issuing the CB2 command A node nominated in this manner is still subject to the election process described above A node configured as a non sleep coordinator will ignore commissioning button nomination requests Changing Sleep Parameters Any sleep compatible node in the network which does not have the non sleep coordina
44. c sleep General lt 10 pA lt 10 pA Operating Frequency Band ISM 2 4 GHz ISM 2 4 GHz Dimensions Operating Temperature 0 960 x 1 087 2 438 cm x 2 761 cm 40 to 85 C Industrial 0 to 95 non condensing 0 960 x 1 297 2 438 cm x 3 294 cm 40 to 85 C Industrial 0 to 95 non condensing Antenna Options Networking amp Security 1 4 wave wire antenna embedded PCB antenna RPSMA RF connector U FL RF connector 1 4 wave wire antenna RPSMA RF connector U FL RF connector Supported Network Topologies Mesh Point to point point to multipoint peer to peer Mesh Point to point point to multipoint peer to peer Number of Channels software selectable 16 Direct Sequence Channels 12 Direct Sequence Channels Addressing Options Encryption Agency Approvals PAN ID Channel and 64 bit addresses 128 bit AES PAN ID Channel and 64 bit addresses 128 bit AES United States FCC Part 15 247 OUR XBEE OUR XBEEPRO Industry Canada IC 4214A XBEE 4214A XBEEPRO Europe CE ETSI ETSI Max 10dBm transmit power output RoHS Lead free and RoHS compliant Lead free and RoHS compliant Japan R201WW07215214 ae Max 10 dBm transmit power Australia C Tick C Tick See Appendix B for region specific certification requirements 2011 Digi International Inc XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Mechanical Drawings Mechanical drawin
45. dBi e For XBee modules where the antenna gain is greater than 13 8 dBi and for all XBee PRO modules the device must undergo SAR testing This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the inter ference by one or more of the following measures Re orient or relocate the receiving antenna increase the separation between the equipment and receiver connect equipment and receiver to outlets on different circuits or consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help FCC Approved Antennas 2 4 GHz XBee XBee PRO RF Modules can be installed using antennas and cables constructed with standard connectors Type N SMA TNC etc if the installation is performed professionally and according 2011 Digi International Inc 65 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules to
46. dle Mode 17 Transmit Mode 17 Receive Mode 18 Command Mode 18 Sleep Mode 19 3 Advanced Application Features 21 Remote Configuration Commands 21 Sending a Remote Command 21 Applying Changes on Remote Devices 21 Remote Command Responses 21 Network Commissioning and Diagnostics Di giMesh 21 Device Configuration 21 Device Placement 22 Network Discovery 23 Commissioning Pushbutton and Associate LED 23 I O Line Monitoring 25 I O Samples 25 Queried Sampling 25 Periodic I O Sampling 27 Digital I O Change Detection 27 4 XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 28 DigiMesh Networking 28 DigiMesh Feature Set 28 Networking Concepts 28 Device Configuration 28 Network ID 28 Operating Channel 28 Data Transmission and Routing 28 Unicast Addressing 28 Broadcast Addressing 29 Routing 29 Route Discovery 29 Throughput 29 Transmission Timeouts 30 Unicast One Hop Time 30 Transmitting a broadcast 30 Transmitting a unicast with a known route 30 Transmitting a unicast with an unknown route 30 Transmitting a unicast with a broken route 30 5 Sleep Mode 31 Sleep Modes 31 Normal Mode SM 0 31 Asynchronous Pin Sleep Mode SM 1 31 Asynchronous Cyclic Sleep Mode SM 4 31 Asynchronous Cyclic Sleep with Pin Wake Up Mode SM 5 31 Synchronous Sleep Support Mode SM 7 32 Synchronous Cyclic Sleep Mode SM 8 32 Asynchronous Sleep Operation 32 Wake Timer 32 Sleeping Routers 32 Operation 33 Becoming a Sleep Coordinator 35 Configuration 36
47. ds on a number of configured parameters whether the trans mission is a unicast or a broadcast and if the route to the destination address is known Timeouts or timing information is pro vided for the following transmission types Transmitting a broadcast Transmitting a unicast with a known route Transmitting a unicast with an unknown route Transmitting a unicast with a broken route Note The timeouts in this section are theoretical timeouts and not precisely accurate The application should pad the calculated maximum timeouts by a few hundred milliseconds When using API mode Tx Status API packets should be the primary method of determining if a transmission has completed Unicast One Hop Time A building block of many of the calculations presented below is the unicastOneHopTime As its name indicates it represents the amount of time it takes to send a unicast transmission between two adjacent nodes It is largely dependent upon the mac retry setting RR DigiMesh networks assume that the average number of mac level retries across a multi hop wire less link will be 3 or less It is defined as follows RR mac retries unicastOneHopTime 5ms unicastOneHopTime 24ms unicastOneHopTime 40ms unicastOneHopTime 63ms Transmitting a broadcast A broadcast transmission must be relayed by all routers in the network The maximum delay would be when the sender and receiver are on the opposite ends of the network The NH
48. duct to the European harmonized EMC and low voltage safety standards A Declaration of Conformity must be issued for each of these standards and kept on file as described in Annex II of the R amp TTE Directive Furthermore the manufacturer must maintain a copy of the XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 user manual documentation and ensure the final product does not exceed the specified power ratings antenna specifica tions and or installation requirements as specified in the user manual If any of these specifications are exceeded in the final product a submission must be made to a notified body for compliance testing to all required standards OEM Labeling Requirements The CE marking must be affixed to a visible location on the OEM product CE Labeling Requirements i He Ha The CE mark shall consist of the initials CE taking the following form e If the CE marking is reduced or enlarged the proportions given in the above graduated draw ing must be respected The CE marking must have a height of at least 5mm except where this is not possible on account of the nature of the apparatus e The CE marking must be affixed visibly legibly and indelibly Restrictions Power Output Power Output The power output of the XBee PRO RF Modules must not exceed 10 dBm The power level is set using the PL command The International Variant of this product is internally limited to 10 dBm France France imposes restrictions on the 2 4
49. e Integrated whip Fixed A24 C1 Surface Mount Fixed Mobile A24 Y4NF Yagi 4 element A24 Y6NF Yagi 6 element A24 Y7NF Yagi 7 element A24 YONF Yagi A24 Y10NF Yagi 9 element 10 element A24 Y12NF Yagi 12 element A24 Y13NF Yagi 13 element A24 Y15NF Yagi 15 element A24 Y16NF Yagi 16 element A24 Y16RM Yagi 16 element RPSMA connector A24 Y18NF Yagi 18 element Omni Directional Class Antennas 29000430 Integrated PCB Antenna Fixed Mobile A24 F2NF Omni directional Fiberglass base station Fixed Mobile A24 F3NF Omni directional Fiberglass base station Fixed Mobile A24 F5NF Omni directional Fiberglass base station Fixed Mobile A24 F8NF Omni directional Fiberglass base station 8 0 dBi A24 FONF Omni directional Fiberglass base station 9 5 dBi A24 F10NF Omni directional Fiberglass base station 10 0 dBi A24 F12NF Omni directional Fiberglass base station 12 0 dBi A24 F15NF Omni directional Fiberglass base station 15 0 dBi A24 W7NF Omni directional Base station 7 2 dBi A24 M7NF Omni directional Mag mount base station 7 2 dBi Panel Class Antennas A24 P8SF Flat Panel 8 5 dBi Fixed 2m 1 5 dB A24 P8NF Flat Panel 8 5 dBi Fixed 2m 1 5 dB A24 P13NF Flat Panel 13 0 dBi Fixed 2m 6 dB 2011 Digi International Inc 66 XBee XBee P
50. e AT Command Mode Sequence GT CC GT The period of silence is used to prevent inadvertent entrance into AT Command Mode 0 to OxFFFF 0x3E8 1000d Command Character Set or read the character to be used between guard times of the AT Command Mode Sequence The AT Command Mode Sequence causes the radio modem to enter Command Mode from Idle Mode Node Identification Node Identification Commands AT Command Name and Description Network ID Set or read the user network identifier Nodes must have the same network identifier to communicate Changes to ID can be written to non volatile memory using the WR command 0 0xFF Parameter Range 0x0000 to 0x7FFF 0x2B Default Ox7FFF Node Discover Timeout Set Read the amount of time a node will spend discovering other nodes when ND or DN is issued Node Identifier Stores a string identifier The string accepts only printable ASCII data In AT Command Mode the string can not start with a space A carriage return or comma ends the command Command will automatically end when maximum bytes for the string have been entered This string is returned as part of the ATND Network Discover command This identifier is also used with the ATDN Destination Node command 0 OxFC x 100 msec up to 20 byte ASCII string 0x82 130d a space character Discover Node Destination Node Resolves an NI Node Identifier string to a physical address case s
51. e analog pin Reducing the impedance of the network reduces this error 2011 Digi International Inc 11 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules 10 Total unadjusted error is the difference between the transition voltage to the current code and the ideal straight line transfer function This measure of error includes inherent quantization error 1 2LSB and circuit error differential integral zero scale and full scale error The specified value of Erg assumes zero Ej no leakage or zero real source impedance 2011 Digi International Inc 12 2 RF Module Operation Overview The XBee module provides a serial interface to an RF link The XBee module can convert serial data to RF data that can be sent to any device in an RF network In addition to RF data communication devices the XBee module provides a software interface for interacting with a variety of peripheral functions including I O sampling commissioning and management devices The following diagram illustrates the functionality of the XBee module Serial Interface AT Command Mode Parser API Frame Parser Transparent Data Packetizer Sleep Manager Command Handler 1 0 Manager packet Loop back Handler Router Node Discovery Handler Security Mesh Networking Layer Mesh products only Mac Layer Baseband Layer Serial Communications The XBee PRO RF Modules interface to a host device
52. e destination address used for transmission Device Type Identifier Stores a device type value This value can be used to differentiate multiple XBee based products 0 to OxFFFFFFFF 0x0000FFFF 0 0xFFFFFFFF eoi 0x40000 Serial Number High Read high 32 bits of the RF module s unique IEEE 64 bit address 64 bit source address is always enabled This value is read only and it never changes 0 0xFFFFFFFF Factory Serial Number Low Read low 32 bits of the RF module s unique IEEE 64 bit address 64 bit source address is always enabled This is read only and it is also the serial number of the node 0 0xFFFFFFFF Factory Source Endpoint Set read the application layer source endpoint value This value will be used as the source endpoint for all data transmissions The default value 0xE8 Data endpoint is the Digi data endpoint 0 0xFF 0xE8 Destination Endpoint Set read application layer destination ID value This value will be used as the destination endpoint for all data transmissions The default value 0xE8 is the Digi data endpoint Cluster Identifier Set read application layer cluster ID value This value will be used as the cluster ID for all data transmissions The default value 0x11 Transparent data cluster ID 0 0xFFFF Maximum RF Payload Bytes This value returns the maximum number of RF payload bytes that can be sent in a unicast transmission based on the current configurations 0 0xFFFF
53. e node and that node fails or the wireless link fails due to changing environmental conditions catastrophic failure condition then multiple subnets may arise while using the same wake and sleep intervals When this occurs the first task is to repair replace and strengthen the weak link with new and or redundant modules to fix the problem and prevent it from occurring in the future When the default DigiMesh sleep parameters are used separated subnets will not drift out of phase with each other Subnets can drift out of phase with each other if the network is configured in one of the following ways If multiple modules in the network have had the non sleep coordinator sleep option bit dis abled and are thus eligible to be nominated as a sleep coordinator e If the modules in the network are not using the auto early wake up sleep option If a network has multiple subnets that have drifted out of phase with each other get the subnets back in phase with the following steps 1 Place a sleep support node in range of both subnets 2 Select a node in the subnet that you want the other subnet to sync up with Use this node to slightly change the sleep cycle settings of the network increment ST for example 3 Wait for the subnet s next wake cycle During this cycle the node selected to change the sleep cycle parameters will send the new settings to the entire subnet it is in range of including the sleep support node which is in ra
54. e node is currently in deployment mode All other bits Reserved All non documented bits can be any value and should be ignored Operational Sleep Period Read the sleep period that the node is currently using This number will oftentimes be different from the SP parameter if the node has synchronized with a sleeping router network Units of 10mSec Operational Wake Period Read the wake time that the node is currently using This number will oftentimes be different from the ST parameter if the node has synchronized with a sleeping router network Units of 1 ms Wake Host Set Read the wake host timer value If the wake host timer is set to a non zero value this timer specifies a time in millisecond units that the device should allow after waking from sleep before sending data out the UART or transmitting an I O sample If serial characters are received the WH timer is stopped immediately When in synchronous sleep the device will shorten its sleep period by the value specified by the WH command to ensure that it is prepared to communicate when the network wakes up When in this this sleep mode the device will always stay awake for the WH time plus the amount of time it takes to transmit a one hop unicast to another node 2011 Digi International Inc 0 OxFFFF x 1ms 48 6 API Operation As an alternative to Transparent Operation API Application Programming Interface Operations are ava
55. e risk of a node losing sync and to facilitate the re syncing of a node that does lose sync the following precautions can be taken 1 Whenever possible avoid changing sleep parameters 2 Enable the missed sync early wake up sleep option SO This command is used to tell a node to wake up progressively earlier based on the number of cycles it has gone without receiving a sync This will increase the probability that the un synced node will be awake when the network wakes up and sends the sync message Note using this sleep option increases reliability but may decrease battery life Nodes using this sleep option which miss sync messages will have an increased wake time and decreased sleep time during cycles in which the sync message is missed This will reduce battery conservation 3 When changing between two sets of sleep settings choose settings so that the wake periods of the two sleep settings will happen at the same time In other words try to satisfy the following equation SP1 ST1 N SP2 ST2 where SP1 ST1 and SP2 ST2 are the desired sleep settings and N is an integer Rejoining Nodes Which Have Lost Sync Mesh networks get their robustness from taking advantage of routing redundancies which may be available in a network It is recommended to architect the network with redundant mesh nodes to increase robustness If a scenario exists such that the only route connecting a subnet to the rest of the network depends on a singl
56. ed Digital output default low Digital output default high Alternate functionalities where applicable Setting the configuration command that corresponds to a particular pin will configure the pin Module Pin Names Module Pin Number Configuration Command CD DIO12 PWMO RSSI DIO10 Punt DIOT 2011 Digi International Inc 25 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Module Pin Names Module Pin Number Configuration Command DTR SLEEP_RQ DIO8 AD4 DIO4 CTS DIO7 ON_SLEEP DIO9 ASSOC AD5 DIO5 RTS DIO6 AD3 DIO3 AD2 DIO2 AD1 DIO1 ADO DIO0 CommissioningButton See the command table for more information Pullup resistors for each digital input can be enabled using the PR command 1 Sample Sets Number of sample sets in the packet Always set to 1 Indicates which digital IO lines have sampling enabled Each bit corresponds to one digital lO line on the module e bit 0 ADO DIOO e bit 1 AD1 DIO1 e bit 2 AD2 DIO2 e bit 3 AD3 DIO3 e bit 4 DIO4 e bit 5 ASSOC DIO5 2 Digital Channel Mask e bit 6 RTS DIO6 e bit 7 CTS GPIO7 e bit 8 DTR SLEEP_RQ D108 e bit 9 ON_SLEEP DIO9 e bit 10 RSSI DIO10 e bit 11 PWM DIO11 e bit 12 CD DIO12 li For example a digital channel mask of 0x002F means DIO0 1 2 3 and 5 are enabled as digital lO Indicates which lines have analog inputs enabled for sampling Each bit in
57. ements are received Broadcast Radius Set read the transmission radius for broadcast data transmissions Set to 0 for maximum radius If BH is set greater than NH then the value of NH is used Node Type Set read the node networking type A module set as an end device will not propagate broadcasts and won t become and intermediate node on a route Sleep Commands AT Command Name and Description Sleep Mode Set read the sleep mode of the module 0 No sleep mode enabled 1 Pin sleep In this mode the sleep wake state of the module is controlled by the SLEEP_RQ line 4 Asynchronous cyclic sleep In this mode the module periodically sleeps and wakes 0 to 7 0 Router 2 End Device Parameter Range Default SM based on the SP and ST commands 0 1 4 5 7 8 0 5 Asynchronous cyclic sleep with pin wake up In this mode the module acts in the same way as asynchronous cyclic sleep with the exception that the module will prematurely terminate a sleep period when a falling edge of the SLEEP_RQ line is detected 7 Sleep support mode 8 Synchronous cyclic sleep mode Sleep Options Set read the sleep options of the module This command is a bitmask For synchronous sleep modules the following sleep options are defined bit 0 Preferred sleep coordinator Any of the available sleep bit 1 Non sleep coordinator option bits can be set or SO bit 2 Enable API sleep status messages cleared B
58. en the module receives an RF packet it is sent out the UART using this message type Number of bytes between the length and the checksum Identifies the UART data frame for the host to correlate with a subsequent ACK acknowledgement If set to 0 no response is sent 64 bit address of sender Reserved 0x01 Packet Acknowledged 0x02 Packet was a broadcast packet Received RF data OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Example In the above example a device with a 64 bit address of 0x0013A200 40522BAA sends a unicast data transmission to a remote device with payload RxData If AO 0 on the receiving device it would send the above frame out its UART 2011 Digi International Inc 59 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Explicit Rx Indicator Frame Type 0x91 When the modem receives an RF packet it is sent out the UART using this message type when AO 1 Number of bytes between the length and the checksum 64 bit address of sender Reserved Endpoint of the source that initiated the transmission Endpoint of the destination the message is addressed to Cluster ID the packet was addressed to Profile ID the packet was addressed to 0x01 Packet Acknowledged 0x02 Packet was a broadcast packet Received RF data OxFF the 8 bit sum of byte
59. ensitive The following events occur after the destination node is discovered lt AT Firmware gt 1 DL amp DH are set to the extended 64 bit address of the module with the matching NI Node Identifier string 2 OK or ERROR r is returned 3 Command Mode is exited to allow immediate communication lt API Firmware gt aoe and 64 bit extended addresses are returned in an API Command Response rame If there is no response from a module within NT 100 milliseconds or a parameter is not specified left blank the command is terminated and an ERROR message is returned In the case of an ERROR Command Mode is not exited 20 byte ascii string Network Discover Network Discover Discovers and reports all RF modules found The following information is reported for each module discovered MY lt CR gt SH lt CR gt SL lt CR gt NI lt CR gt Variable length PARENT_NETWORK ADDRESS 2 Bytes lt CR gt DEVICE_TYPE lt CR gt 1 Byte 0 Coord 1 Router 2 End Device STATUS lt CR gt 1 Byte Reserved PROFILE_ID lt CR gt 2 Bytes MANUFACTURER_ID lt CR gt 2 Bytes lt CR gt After NT 100 milliseconds the command ends by returning a lt CR gt ND also accepts a Node Identifier NI as a parameter optional In this case only a module that matches the supplied identifier will respond If ND is sent through the API each response is returned as a separate AT_CMD_Response packet The data consists of t
60. ent Manufacturer OEM must ensure that FCC labeling product enclosure that displays the contents shown in the figure below Required FCC Label for OEM products containing the XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF Module Contains FCC ID OUR XBEE OUR XBEEPRO The enclosed device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 7 this device may not cause harmful interference and ii this device must accept any inter ference received including interference that may cause undesired operation The FCC ID for the XBee is OUR XBEE The FCC ID for the XBee PRO is OUR XBEEPRO FCC Notices IMPORTANT The XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 OEM RF Module has been certified by the FCC for use with other products without any further certification as per FCC section 2 1091 Modifica tions not expressly approved by Digi could void the user s authority to operate the equipment IMPORTANT OEMs must test final product to comply with unintentional radiators FCC section 15 107 amp 15 109 before declaring compliance of their final product to Part 15 of the FCC Rules IMPORTANT The RF module has been certified for remote and base radio applications If the module will be used for portable applications the following applies e For XBee modules where the antenna gain is less than 13 8 dBi no additional SAR testing is required The 20 cm separation distance is not required for antenna gain less than 13 8
61. entific amp Medical 2 4 GHz frequency band Manufactured under ISO 9001 2000 registered standards XBee PRO 2 4 DigiMesh RF Modules are optimized for use in US and Canada contact Digi for complete list of agency approvals 2011 Digi International Inc 5 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Specifications Specifications of the XBee XBee PRO 2 4 DigiMesh RF Module Specification Performance XBee PRO Indoor Urban Range up to 100 ft 30 m up to 300 ft 90 m up to 200 ft 60 m intl variant Outdoor RF line of sight Range up to 300 ft 90 m up to 1 mile 1 5 km w 2 0 dB dipole antenna up to 6 miles 10 km w high gain antenna Transmit Power Output 1 mW 0 dBm 63 mW 18 dBm 10 mW 10 dBm for international variant RF Data Rate 250 kbps 250 kbps Serial Interface Data Rate software selectable 1200 bps 250 kbps non standard baud rates also supported 1200 bps 250 kbps non standard baud rates also supported Receiver Sensitivity Power Requirements 92 dBm 1 packet error rate 100 dBm 1 packet error rate Supply Voltage Transmit Current 2 8 3 4 VDC 45 mA 3 3 V 2 8 3 4 VDC 250 mA 3 3 V 150 mA for international variant RPSMA module only 340 mA 3 3 V 180 mA for international variant Idle Receive Current 50 mA 3 3 V 55 mA 3 3 V Power down Current pin sleep Power down Current cycli
62. er Either Either Analog Input 3 or Digital I O 3 Analog Input 2 or Digital I O 2 Analog Input 1 or Digital I O 1 ADO DIOO Commissioning Button Either 2011 Digi International Inc Analog Input 0 Digital I O 0 or Commissioning Button XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Notes e Minimum connections VCC GND DOUT amp DIN e Minimum connections for updating firmware VCC GND DOUT DIN RTS amp DTR e Signal direction is specified with respect to the module e Module includes a 50 KQ pull up resistor attached to RESET Several of the input pull ups can be configured using the PR command e Unused pins should be left disconnected Design Notes The XBee modules do not specifically require any external circuitry or specific connections for proper operation However there are some general design guidelines that are recommended for help in troubleshooting and building a robust design Power Supply Design Poor power supply can lead to poor radio performance especially if the supply voltage is not kept within tolerance or is excessively noisy To help reduce noise we recommend placing a 1 0 uF and 8 2pF capacitor as near to pin 1 on the PCB as possible If using a switching regulator for your power supply switching fre quencies above 500kHz are preferred Power supply ripple should be limited to a maximum 100mV peak to peak Recommended Pin Connections The only required pin connections are VCC
63. er ID 0x1554 and profile ID 0xC105 Payload will be TxData 2011 Digi International Inc 55 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Remote AT Command Request Frame Type 0x17 Used to query or set module parameters on a remote device For parameter changes on the remote device to take effect changes must be applied either by setting the apply changes options bit or by sending an AC command to the remote Start Delimiter 0x00 0x10 Number of bytes between the length and the checksum 0x17 0x01 Identifies the UART data frame for the host to correlate with a subsequent ACK acknowledgement If set to 0 no response is sent 0x00 0x13 OxA2 0x00 0x40 0x40 0x11 Frame specific Data 0x22 Set to the 64 bit address of the destination device The following address is also supported OxO00000000000F FFF Broadcast address OxFF OxFE Set to OxFFFE 0x02 apply changes 0x02 Apply changes on remote If not set AC command must be sent before changes will take effect All other bits must be set to 0 Name of the command If present indicates the requested parameter value to set the given register If no characters present the register is queried Checksum OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Example The above example sends a remote command to change the broadcast hops register on a remote
64. es within range of the sleep coordinator The nodes will quickly receive a sync message and synchronize themselves to the short cycle SP and ST 3 Configure the new nodes in their desired sleep mode as cyclic sleeping nodes or sleep support nodes 4 Set the SP and ST values on the sleep coordinator to the desired values for the deployed network 5 Wait a cycle for the sleeping nodes to sync themselves to the new SP and ST values 6 Disable the preferred sleep coordinator option bit on the sleep coordinator unless a preferred sleep coordinator is desired 7 Deploy the nodes to their positions Alternatively nodes can be set up with their sleep pre configured and written to flash using the WR command prior to deployment If this is the case the commissioning button and associate LED can be used to aid in deployment 1 If a preferred sleep coordinator is going to be used in the network deploy it first If there will be no preferred sleep coordinator select a node for deployment power it on and press the commissioning button twice This will cause the node to begin emitting sync messages Verify that the first node is emitting sync messages by watching its associate LED A slow blink indicates that the node is acting as a sleep coordinator 2 Next power on nodes in range of the sleep coordinator or other nodes which have synchronized with the network If the synchronized node is asleep it can be woken by pressing the commiss
65. estimated with the following formula SMPT NN NH MT 1 18ms 3 Select desired duty cycle The ratio of sleep time to wake time is the factor that has the greatest effect on the RF module s power consumption Battery life can be estimated based on the following factors sleep period wake time sleep current RX current TX current and battery capacity 4 Choose sleep period and wake time The wake time needs to be long enough to transmit the desired data as well as the sync message The ST parameter will automatically adjust upwards to its minimum value when other AT commands are changed that will affect it SP NN and NH Use a value larger than this minimum If a module misses successive sync messages it reduces its available transmit time to compensate for possible clock drift Budget a large enough ST time to allow for a few sync messages to be missed and still have time for normal data transmissions Starting a Sleeping Network By default all new nodes operate in normal non sleep mode To start a sleeping network follow these steps 2011 Digi International Inc 36 XBee X Bee PRO RF Modules 1 Enable the preferred sleep coordinator option on one of the nodes and set its SM to a sleep compatible mode 7 or 8 with its SP and ST set to a quick cycle time The purpose of a quick cycle time is to allow commands to be sent quickly through the network during commissioning 2 Next power on the new nod
66. et and its address matches the Destination Address in the route request packet Route Discovery The process of establishing a route to a destination node when one does not exist in the Routing Table It is based on the AODV Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector routing protocol Sleep coordinator Node used to send sync messages in a cyclic sleeping network 2011 Digi International Inc 63 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Sync message A transmission used in a cyclic sleeping network to maintain syn chronization 2011 Digi International Inc 64 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Appendix B Agency Certifications United States FCC XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF Modules comply with Part 15 of the FCC rules and regulations Compliance with the labeling requirements FCC notices and antenna usage guidelines is required To fulfill FCC Certification requirements the OEM must comply with the following regulations 1 The system integrator must ensure that the text on the external label provided with this device is placed on the outside of the final product Figure A 01 2 XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF Modules may only be used with antennas that have been tested and approved for use with this module refer to the antenna tables in this section OEM Labeling Requirements requirements are met This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of the final WARNING The Original Equipm
67. gs of the XBee PRO RF Modules antenna options not shown XBee PRO XBee PRO top view sije view e q i oase ze ileti Loper eal Pip SE omn ao a 3 aise S 1 29 b tees 30 02 s eis 4 1 27 t AVON t e t 4 _ s Er end DEN In l0 m s 1 i 1 L t r a i 40 i 4 Mechanical Drawings for the RPSMA Variant XBee 210 SHORTER THAN XBee PRO BI ae 0 375 pr f 3 _ i oh 0 113 0 031 Mounting Considerations The XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF Module through hole was designed to mount into a receptacle socket and therefore does not require any soldering when mounting it to a board The Development Kits contain RS 232 and USB interface boards which use two 20 pin receptacles to receive modules N 2011 Digi International Inc XBee XBee PRO RF Modules XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF Module Mounting to an RS 232 Interface Board The receptacles used on Digi development boards are manufactured by Century Interconnect Several other manu facturers provide comparable mounting solutions however Digi currently uses the following receptacles e Through hole single row receptacles Samtec P N MMS 110 01 L SV or equivalent e Surface mount double row receptacles Century Interconnect P N CPRMSL20 D 0 1 or equivalent e Surface mount single row receptacles Samtec P N SMM
68. h variable sleep and wake times Networking Concepts Device Configuration DigiMesh modules can be configured to act as routers or end devices with the CE command By default all modules in a DigiMesh network act as routers Modules configured as routers will actively relay network unicast and broadcast traffic as described below Network ID DigiMesh networks are defined with a unique network identifier This identifier is set with the ID command For modules to communicate they must be configured with the same network identifier The ID parameter allows multiple DigiMesh net works to co exist on the same physical channel Operating Channel DigiMesh modules utilize direct sequence spread spectrum modulation and operate on a fixed channel There are 16 oper ating channels defined in the 2 4 GHz frequency band XBee modules support all 16 channels and XBee PRO modules sup port 12 of the 16 channels The operating channel on a module is selected using the CH command For modules to communicate the channel CH and network identifier ID must be equal on all modules in the network Data Transmission and Routing Unicast Addressing When transmitting while using Unicast communications reliable delivery of data is accomplished using retries and acknowl edgements The number of retries is determined by the NR Network Retries parameter RF data packets are sent up to NR 1 times and ACKs acknowledgements are transmitted by the receivi
69. he above listed bytes without the carriage return delimiters The NI string will end in a 0x00 null character 2011 Digi International Inc 45 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Node Identification Commands AT Command Name and Description Network Discovery Options Set Read the options value for the network discovery command The options bitfield value can change the behavior of the ND network discovery command and or change what optional values are returned in any received ND responses or API node Parameter Range Default NO identification frames 0 0x03 bitfield 0 Options include 0x01 Append DD value to ND responses or API node identification frames 0x02 Local device sends ND response frame when ND is issued Security Security Commands AT Command Name and Description Security Enable Enables or disables 128 bit AES encryption This command parameter Parameter Range Default EE should be set the same on all devices 0to1 0 Security Key Sets the 16 byte network security key value This command is write only KY Attempts to read KY will return an OK status This command parameter should be set the 128 bit value n a same on all devices MAC Level MAC level Commands AT Command Name and Description Broadcast Multi Transmit Set Read the number of additional MAC level broadcast transmissions All broadcast packets are transmitted MT 1 times to e
70. ic I O Sampling Periodic sampling allows an XBee PRO module to take an I O sample and transmit it to a remote device at a periodic rate The periodic sample rate is set by the IR command If IR is set to 0 periodic sampling is disabled For all other values of IR data will be sampled after IR milliseconds have elapsed and transmitted to a remote device The DH and DL commands determine the destination address of the IO samples Only devices with API mode enabled will send IO data samples out their UART Devices not in API mode will discard received IO data samples A module with sleep enabled will transmit periodic I O samples at the IR rate until the ST time expires and the device can resume sleeping See the sleep section for more information on sleep Digital I O Change Detection Modules can be configured to transmit a data sample immediately whenever a monitored digital I O pin changes state The IC command is a bitmask that can be used to set which digital I O lines should be monitored for a state change If one or more bits in IC is set an I O sample will be transmitted as soon as a state change is observed in one of the monitored digital I O lines The figure below shows how edge detection can work with periodic sampling Monitored Digital lO Sample Transmissions IR gt 0 IC 0 t IR 9 el Li i i lO Sample Transmissions IR gt 0 IC gt 0 i e PIIR E TA uy i i a i Enabling Edge
71. ilable API operation requires that communication with the module be done through a structured interface data is communicated in frames in a defined order The API specifies how commands command responses and module status messages are sent and received from the module using a UART Data Frame Please note that Digi may add new frame types to future versions of firmware so please build into your software interface the ability to filter out additional API frames with unknown Frame Types API Frame Specifications Two API modes are supported and both can be enabled using the AP API Enable command Use the following AP parameter values to configure the module to operate in a particular mode e AP 1 API Operation e AP 2 API Operation with escaped characters API Operation AP parameter 1 When this API mode is enabled AP 1 the UART data frame structure is defined as follows Figure 5 01 UART Data Frame Structure Start Delimiter Length Frame Data Checksum Byte 1 Bytes 2 3 Bytes 4 n Byte n 1 0x7E MSB LSB API specific Structure 1 Byte MSB Most Significant Byte LSB Least Significant Byte Any data received prior to the start delimiter is silently discarded If the frame is not received correctly or if the checksum fails the module will reply with a module status frame indicating the nature of the failure API Operation with Escape Characters AP parameter 2 When this API mode is en
72. ill fully wake up Otherwise the module will return to sleep after checking This command does not work with synchronous sleep modules 2011 Digi International Inc 47 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules AT Command Name and Description Missed Sync Count Count of the number of syncs that have been missed This value can be reset by setting ATSQ to 0 When the value reaches OxFFFF it will not be incremented anymore Parameter Range Default Sleep Status The SS command can be used to query a number of Boolean values describing the status of the module Bit 0 This bit will be true when the network is in its wake state Bit 1 This bit will be true if the node is currently acting as a network sleep coordinator Bit 2 This bit will be true if the node has ever received a valid sync message since the time it was powered on Bit 3 This bit will be true if the node has received a sync message in the current wake cycle Bit 4 This bit will be true if the user has altered the sleep settings on the module so that the node will nominate itself and send a sync message with the new settings at the beginning of the next wake cycle Bit 5 This bit will be true if the user has requested that the node nominate itself as the sleep coordinator using the commissioning button or the CB2 command All cil bits Reserved All non documented bits can be any value and should be ignored bit 6 This bit will be true if th
73. ing properly The network is asleep or the device has not synchronized 7 On solid with the network or has lost synchronization with the network 78 On slow blinking 500 ms blink The device is acting as the network sleep coordinator and is i time operating properly 7 8 n blinking 250 ms blink The device is properly synchronized with the network 8 off The device is in a low power mode 8 On solid The deviced has not synchronized or has lost synchronization with the network Diagnostics Support The Associate pin works with the commissioning pushbutton to provide additional diagnostics behaviors to aid in deploying and testing a network If the commissioning push button is pressed once the device transmits a broadcast node identification packet at the beginning of the next wake cycle if sleep compatible or immediately if not sleep compatible If the Associate LED functionality is enabled D5 command a device that receive this transmission will blink its Associate pin rapidly for 1 second I O Line Monitoring I O Samples The XBee modules support both analog input and digital IO line modes on several configurable pins Queried Sampling Parameters for the pin configuration commands typically include the following Pin Command Parameter Description Unmonitored digital input Reserved for pin specific alternate functionalities Analog input A D pins or PWM output PWM pins Digital input monitor
74. ioning button once 3 Wait a cycle for the new node to sync itself 4 Verify that the node syncs with the network The associate LED will blink when the module is awake and synchronized 5 Continue this process until all nodes have been deployed Adding a New Node to an Existing Network To add a new node to the network the node must receive a sync message from a node already in the network On power up an unsynchronized sleep compatible node will periodically send a broadcast requesting a sync message and then sleep for its SP period Any node in the network that receives this message will respond with a sync Because the network can be asleep for extended periods of time and as such cannot respond to requests for sync messages there are methods that can be used to sync a new node while the network is asleep 1 Power the new node on within range of a sleep support node Sleep support nodes are always awake and will be able to respond to sync requests promptly 2 A sleeping cyclic sleep node in the network can be woken by the commissioning button Place the new node in range of the existing cyclic sleep node and wake the existing node by holding down the commissioning button for 2 seconds or until the node wakes The existing node stays awake for 30 seconds and will respond to sync requests while it is awake If you do not use one of these two methods you must wait for the network to wake up before adding the new node The new n
75. is correct the sum will equal OxFF API UART Exchanges AT Commands The following image shows the API frame exchange that takes place at the UART when sending an AT command request to read or set a module parameter The response can be disabled by setting the frame ID to 0 in the request AT Command Request 0x08 or 0x09 AT Command Response 0x88 e Transmitting and Receiving RF Data The following image shows the API exchanges that take place at the UART when sending RF data to another device The transmit status frame is always sent at the end of a data transmission unless the frame ID is set to 0 in the transmit request If the packet cannot be delivered to the destination the transmit status frame will indicate the cause of failure The received data frame 0x90 or 0x91 is set by the AP command Transmit Request RF Data 0x10 or 0x11 amp ACK Received Data gt Ga Qir de gt 0x90 or 0x91 Transmit Status gt 0x88 CEEE Remote AT Commands The following image shows the API frame exchanges that take place at the UART when sending a remote AT command A remote command response frame is not sent out the UART if the remote device does not receive the remote command 2011 Digi International Inc 51 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Remote AT Command 0x17 Remote AT Command Response 0x97 Supporting the API Applications that support the API should make provisions to deal with new API frames that
76. it 0 and bit 1 0x02 bit 3 Disable early wake up cannot be set at the same bit 4 Enable node type equality time bit 5 Disable lone coordinator sync repeat For ansynchronous sleep modules the following sleep options are defined bit 8 Always wake for ST time Wake Time Set read the wake period of the module For asynchronous sleep modules this command defines the amount of time that the ST module will stay awake after receiving RF or serial data 0x45 0x36EE80 0x7D0 2 seconds For synchronous sleep modules this command defines the amount of time that the module will stay awake when operating in cyclic sleep mode This value will be adjusted upwards automatically if it is too small to function properly based on other settings Sleep Period SP Set read the sleep period of the module This command defines the amount of time the 1 1440000 x 10 ms 2 seconds module will sleep per cycle Number of Missed Syncs MS Read the number of wake cycles that have elapsed since the last sync message was received Number of Sleep Periods Set read the number of sleep periods value This command controls the number of sleep periods that must elapse between assertions of the ON_SLEEP line during the SN wake time of asynchronous cyclic sleep During cycles when the ON_SLEEP line is not 1 0xFFFF 1 asserted the module will wake up and check for any serial or RF data If any such data is recieved then the ON_SLEEP line will be asserted and the module w
77. it the data See Data Transmission and Routing in chapter 4 for more infor mation Receive Mode If a valid RF packet is received the data is transferred to the serial transmit buffer Command Mode To modify or read RF Module parameters the module must first enter into Command Mode a state in which incoming serial characters are interpreted as commands Refer to the API Mode section for an alter nate means of configuring modules AT Command Mode To Enter AT Command Mode Send the 3 character command sequence and observe guard times before and after the command characters Refer to the Default AT Command Mode Sequence below Default AT Command Mode Sequence for transition to Command Mode e No characters sent for one second GT Guard Times parameter 0x3E8 2011 Digi International Inc 18 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules e Input three plus characters within one second CC Command Sequence Character parameter 0x2B e No characters sent for one second GT Guard Times parameter 0x3E8 Once the AT command mode sequence has been issued the module sends an OK r out the DOUT pin The OK r characters can be delayed if the module has not finished transmitting received serial data When command mode has been entered the command mode timer is started CT command and the module is able to receive AT commands on the DIN pin All of the parameter values in the sequence can be
78. l input monitored 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high AD1 DI01 Configuration Configure options for the AD1 DIO1 line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 2 Analog Input 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high AD2 DI02 Configuration Configure options for the AD2 DIO2 line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 2 Analog Input 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high AD3 DIO3 Configuration Configure options for the AD3 DIO3 line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 2 Analog Input 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high AD4 DI04 Configuration Configure options for the AD4 DIO4 line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 2 Analog Input 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high AD5 DIO5 Configuration Configure options for the AD5 DIO5 line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 1 Associate LED 2 Analog Input 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 0 OxFF x 100 ms 0 5 0 5 0x28 4 seconds D8 DIO8 SLEEP_RQ Configuration Configure options for the DIO8 SLEEP_RQ line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output
79. n will blink their Associate LED rapidly for 1 second All API devices that receive this transmission will send a Node Identification frame out their UART API ID 0x95 Wakes the module for 30 seconds or until the entire module goes to sleep Queues a Node Identification broadcast transmission to be sent atthe beginning of the next network wake cycle 1 Configured for synchronous sleep All devices that receive this transmission will blink their Associate LEDs rapidly for 1 second All API devices that receive this transmission will send a Node Identification frame out their UART API ID 0x95 2 Not configured for synchronous sleep No effect Causes a node which is configured with sleeping router nomination enabled see description of the ATSO sleep options command in the XBee module s Product Manual to immediately nominate itself as the network sleep coordinator 4 An Issues an ATRE to restore module parameters y to default values 2 Configured for synchronous sleep Button presses may be simulated in software using the ATCB command ATCB should be issued with a parameter set to the number of button presses to execute i e sending ATCB1 will execute the action s associated with a single button press The node identification frame is similar to the node discovery response frame it contains the device s address node identifier string NI command and other relevant data All API devices that
80. ng algo rithm uses a reactive method derived from AODV Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector An associative routing table is used to map a destination node address with its next hop By sending a message to the next hop address either the mes sage will reach its destination or be forwarded to an intermediate router which will route the message on to its destination A message with a broadcast address is broadcast to all neighbors All routers receiving the message will rebroadcast the message MT 1 times and eventually the message will reach all corners of the network Packet tracking prevents a node from resending a broadcast message more than MT 1 times Route Discovery If the source node doesn t have a route to the requested destination the packet is queued to await a route discovery RD process This process is also used when a route fails A route fails when the source node uses up its network retries with out ever receiving an ACK This results in the source node initiating RD RD begins by the source node broadcasting a route request RREQ Any router that receives the RREQ that is not the ulti mate destination is called an intermediate node Intermediate nodes may either drop or forward a RREQ depending on whether the new RREQ has a better route back to the source node If so information from the RREQ is saved and the RREQ is updated and broadcast When the ultimate destination receives the RREQ it unicasts a route reply RREP back to
81. ng modules and routing data at the host application layer A host application can send data frames to the module that contain address and payload information instead of using command mode to modify addresses The module will send data frames to the application containing status packets as well as source and payload information from received data packets The API operation option facilitates many operations such as the examples cited below e Transmitting data to multiple destinations without entering Command Mode e Receive success failure status of each transmitted RF packet e Identify the source address of each received packet 2011 Digi International Inc 16 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules A Comparison of Transparent and API Operation The following table compares the advantages of transparent and API modes of operation Transparent Operation Features Simple Interface All received serial data is transmitted unless the module is in command mode Easy to support It is easier for an application to support transparent operation and command mode API Operation Features Transmitting RF data to multiple remotes only requires changing the address in the API frame This Easy to manage data process is much faster than in transparent operation where the application must enter AT command transmissions to multiple mode change the address exit command mode and then transmit data destinations Each API transmission can
82. ng node upon receipt If a network ACK is not received within the time it would take for a packet to traverse the network twice a retransmission occurs To send Unicast messages set the DH and DL on the transmitting module to match the corresponding SH and SL parame ter values on the receiving module 2011 Digi International Inc 28 XBee X Bee PRO RF Modules Broadcast Addressing Broadcast transmissions will be received and repeated by all routers in the network Because ACKs are not used the origi nating node will send the broadcast multiple times By default a broadcast transmission is sent four times Essentially the extra transmissions become automatic retries without acknowledgments This will result in all nodes repeating the trans mission four times as well In order to avoid RF packet collisions a random delay is inserted before each router relays the broadcast message See NN parameter for details on changing this random delay time Sending frequent broadcast trans missions can quickly reduce the available network bandwidth and as such should be used sparingly The broadcast address is a 64 bit address with the lowest 16 bits set to 1 The upper bits are set to 0 To send a broadcast transmission set DH to 0 and DL to OxFFFF In API mode the destination address would be set to 0x000000000000FFFF Routing A module within a mesh network is able to determine reliable routes using a routing algorithm and table The routi
83. nge of the other subnet 4 Wait for the out of sync subnet to wake up and send a sync When the sleep support node receives this sync it will reject it and send a sync to the subnet with the new sleep settings 5 The subnets will now be in sync The sleep support node can be removed If desired the sleep cycle settings can be changed back to what they were In the case that only a few nodes need to be replaced this method can also be used 1 Reset the out of sync node and set its sleep mode to cyclic sleep SM 8 Set it up to have a short sleep cycle 2011 Digi International Inc 38 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules 2 Place the node in range of a sleep support node or wake a sleeping node with the commissioning button 3 The out of sync node will receive a sync from the node which is synchronized to the network and sync to the network sleep settings Diagnostics The following are useful in some applications when managing a sleeping router network Query current sleep cycle the OS and OW command can be used to query the current operational sleep and wake times a module is currently using Sleep Status the SS command can be used to query useful information regarding the sleep status of the module This command can be used to query if the node is currently acting as a network sleep coordinator as well as other useful diagnostics Missed Sync Messages Command the MS command can be used to query the number of cycle
84. not take effect until the changes are applied For example sending the BD command to change the baud rate will not change the actual baud rate until changes are applied Changes can be applied in one of the following ways e The AC Apply Changes command is issued AT command mode is exited To Exit AT Command Mode 1 Send the ATCN Exit Command Mode command followed by a carriage return OR 2 If no valid AT Commands are received within the time specified by CT Command Mode Timeout Command the RF module automatically returns to Idle Mode For an example of programming the RF module using AT Commands and descriptions of each config urable parameter refer to the Command Reference Tables chapter Sleep Mode Sleep modes allow the RF module to enter states of low power consumption when not in use The XBee RF Modules support both pin sleep sleep mode entered on pin transition and cyclic sleep 2011 Digi International Inc 19 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Module sleeps for a fixed time The XBee DigiMesh modules support a network synchronized sleep to conserve power XBee sleep modes are discussed in detail in Chapter 5 2011 Digi International Inc 20 3 Advanced Application Features Remote Configuration Commands A module in API mode has provisions to send configuration commands to remote devices using the Remote Command Request API frame See API Operations chapter This API frame can be
85. nsure it is received Unicast Mac Retries Set Read the maximum number of MAC level packet delivery attempts for unicasts If RR is non zero packets sent from the radio will request an acknowledgement and can be resent up to RR times if no acknowledgements are received Parameter Range 0 0xF Default Power Level Set Read the power level at which the RF module transmits conducted power XBee 0 7dBm 1 1 7dBm 2 0 77dBm 3 0 62dBm 4 1 42dBm XBee Pro 0 10dBm 1 12dBm 2 14dBm 3 16dBm 4 18dBm 2011 Digi International Inc 46 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules DigiMesh AT Command Name and Description Network Hops Set or read the maximum number of hops expected to be seen ina network route This value doesn t limit the number of hops allowed but it is used to calculate timeouts waiting for network acknowledgements Parameter Range 1 to Oxff Mesh Commands Network Level Commands These commands are only supported on the DigiMesh firmware variant Default Network Delay Slots Set or read the maximum random number of network delay slots before rebroadcasting a network packet One network delay slot is approximately 13ms 0 to Ox0a Sleep Mesh Network Retries Set or read the maximum number of network packet delivery attempts If MR is non zero packets sent will request a network acknowledgement and can be resent up to MR 1 times if no acknowledg
86. nternational Inc 69 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Japan Telec In order to use the XBee PRO in Japan you must order the International version The Interna tional XBee PRO RF Modules are limited to a transmit power output of 10 dBm Labeling Requirements A clearly visible label on the outside of the final product enclosure must display the following text R201WW07215214 XBee R201WW08215111 XBee PRO Australia C Tick These products comply with requirements to be used in end products in Australia All products with EMC and radio communications must have a registered C Tick mark Registration to use the compliance mark will only be accepted from Australian manufacturers or importers or their agent in Australia Labeling Requirements In order to have a C Tick mark on an end product a company must comply with a or b below a Have a company presence in Australia b Have a company distributor agent in Australia that will sponsor the importing of the end product Contact Digi for questions related to locating a contact in Australia 2011 Digi International Inc Appendix C Additional Information 1 Year Warranty XBee XBee PRO RF Modules from Digi Intenational Inc the Product are warranted against defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of 1 year from the date of purchase In the event of a product failure due to materials or workmanship Digi will repair or
87. o 0 17 0x54 18 0x78 19 0x44 ae Data that i t to the destination devi 211 Ox74 ata that is sent to the destination device 22 0x61 23 0x30 24 0x41 Checksum 25 0x13 OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Example The example above shows how to send a transmission to a module where escaping is disabled AP 1 with destination address 0x0013A200 40014011 payload TxData0A If escaping is enabled AP 2 the frame should look like Ox7E 0x00 0x16 0x10 0x01 0x00 Ox7D 0x33 OxA2 0x00 0x40 Ox0A 0x01 0x27 OxFF OxFE 0x00 0x00 0x54 0x78 0x44 0x61 0x74 0x61 0x30 0x41 0x7D 0x33 The checksum is calculated on all non escaped bytes as 0xFF sum of all bytes from API frame type through data payload Explicit Addressing Command Frame Frame Type 0x11 Allows application layer fields endpoint and cluster ID to be specified for a data transmission Similar to the Transmit Request but also requires application layer addressing fields to be specified endpoints cluster ID profile ID An Explicit Addressing Request API frame causes the module to send data as an RF packet to the specified destination using the specified source and destination endpoints cluster ID and profile ID The 64 bit destination address should be set to 0x000000000000FFFF for a broadcast transmission to all devices For unicast transmissions the 64 bit address field should be set to the address of the desired destination node The rese
88. ode should be placed in range of the network with a sleep wake cycle that is shorter than the wake period of the network The new node will periodically send sync requests until the network wakes up and it receives a sync message Changing Sleep Parameters Changes to the sleep and wake cycle of the network can be made by selecting any node in the network and changing the SP and or ST of the node to values different than those the network is currently using If using a preferred sleep coordinator or if it is known which node is acting as the sleep coordinator it is suggested that this node be used to make changes to network settings If Go N 2011 Digi International Inc XBee X Bee PRO RF Modules the network sleep coordinator is not known any node that does not have the non sleep coordinator sleep option bit set see the SO command can be used When changes are made to a node s sleep parameters that node will become the network s sleep coordinator unless it has the non sleep coordinator option selected and will send a sync message with the new sleep settings to the entire network at the beginning of the next wake cycle The network will immediately begin using the new sleep parameters after this sync is sent Changing sleep parameters increases the chances that nodes will lose sync If a node does not receive the sync message with the new sleep settings it will continue to operate on its old settings To minimize th
89. of operation under the following condi tions Transmit Mode Serial data in the serial receive buffer is ready to be packetized e Receive Mode Valid RF data is received through the antenna e Command Mode Command Mode Sequence is issued e Sleep Mode A device is configured for sleep Transmit Mode When serial data is received and is ready for packetization the RF module will exit Idle Mode and attempt to transmit the data The destination address determines which node s will receive the data For mesh firmware if a route is not known route discovery will take place for the purpose of establishing a route to the destination node If a module with a matching network address is not discovered the packet is discarded The data will be transmitted once a route is established Route discovery will be attempted only once per packet 2011 Digi International Inc 17 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Figure 4 01 Transmit Mode Sequence Successful Idle Mode Transmission Transmit Data New Transmission Route Discovery Route Discovered Data Discarded When data is transmitted from one node to another a network level acknowledgement is transmitted back across the established route to the source node This acknowledgement packet indicates to the source node that the data packet was received by the destination node If a network acknowledgement is not received the source node will re transm
90. output low 5 Digital output high I O Commands I O Commands AT Name and Description Parameter Range Default Command DIO10 PWM0 Configuration Configure options for the DIO10 PWM0 line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 1 RSSI PWM PO 2 PWMO 0 5 1 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high DIO11 PWM1 Configuration Configure options for the DIO11 PWM1 line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 0 P1 2 PWM1 0 2 5 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 2011 Digi International Inc 41 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules T O Commands AT Command P2 Name and Description DIO12 Configuration Configure options for the DIO12 line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high Parameter Range Default RP 1S DO D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 RSSI PWM Timer Time RSSI signal will be output after last transmission When RP OxFF output will always be on XBee Sensor Sample Forces a sample to be taken on an XBee Sensor device This command can only be issues to an XBee Sensor device using an API remote command ADO DIO0 Configuration Configure options for the ADO DIO0 line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 1 Commissioning button enable 2 Analog Input 3 Digita
91. p mode immediately The On_SLEEP line is asserted high when the module wakes and is de asserted low when the module sleeps If hardware flow control is enabled D7 command the CTS pin will assert low when the module wakes and can receive serial data and de assert high when the module sleeps Asynchronous Cyclic Sleep with Pin Wake Up Mode SM 5 SM 5 is a slight variation on SM 4 that allows the module to be woken prematurely by asserting the Sleep_RQ pin pin 9 In SM 5 the XBee can wake after the sleep period expires or if a high to low transition occurs on the Sleep_RQ pin 2011 Digi International Inc 31 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Synchronous Sleep Support Mode SM 7 A node in synchronous sleep support mode will synchronize itself with a sleeping network but will not itself sleep At any time the node will respond to new nodes which are attempting to join the sleeping network with a sync message A sleep support node will only transmit normal data when the other nodes in the sleeping network are awake Sleep support nodes are especially useful when used as preferred sleep coordinator nodes and as aids in adding new nodes to a sleeping network Note Because sleep support nodes do not sleep they should be mains powered Synchronous Cyclic Sleep Mode SM 8 A node in synchronous cyclic sleep mode sleeps for a programmed time wakes in unison with other nodes exchanges data and sync messages
92. ransmission When RF data is received the data is sent out through the DOUT pin The module configuration parameters are configured using the AT command mode interface Data is buffered in the serial receive buffer until one of the following causes the data to be packetized and transmitted No serial characters are received for the amount of time determined by the RO Packetization Time out parameter If RO 0 packetization begins when a character is received 2011 Digi International Inc 15 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules e The Command Mode Sequence GT CC GT is received Any character buffered in the serial receive buffer before the sequence is transmitted e The maximum number of characters that will fit in an RF packet is received API Operation API operation is an alternative to transparent operation The frame based API extends the level to which a host application can interact with the networking capabilities of the module When in API mode all data entering and leaving the module s UART is contained in frames that define operations or events within the module Transmit Data Frames received through the DIN pin pin 3 include e RF Transmit Data Frame e Command Frame equivalent to AT commands Receive Data Frames sent out the DOUT pin pin 2 include e RF received data frame e Command response e Event notifications such as reset sync status etc The API provides alternative means of configuri
93. rates can go as high as 1 875Mbps The values from 0 to 8 are interpreted as follows 0 to 8 and 0x39 to 0x03 9600 BD 0 1 200bps 3 9 600bps 6 57 600bps 0x1c9c38 bps 1 2 400bps 4 19 200bps 7 115 200bps 2 4 800bps 5 38 400bps 8 230 400bps Packetization Timeout Set Read number of character times of inter character silence 9 gyff RO required before packetization Set RO 0 to transmit characters as they arrive instead of x character times 3 buffering them into one RF packet Flow Control Threshhold Set or read flow control threshhold De assert CTS and or FT send XOFF when FT bytes are in the UART receive buffer Re assert CTS when less 0x11 OXEE OxBE 190d than FT 16 bytes are in the UART receive buffer Parity Set or read parity settings for UART communications The values from 0 to 4 are interpreted as follows NB 0 No parity 3 Forced high parity 0 to 4 0 No parity 1 Even parity 4 Forced low parity 2 Odd parity DIO7 Configuration Configure options for the DIO7 line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 1 CTS flow control 3 Digital input monitored Bu 4 Digital output low wa 5 Digital output high 6 RS 485 Tx enable low TX OV on transmit high when idle 7 RS 485 Tx enable high TX high on transmit 0V when idle DIO6 Configuration Configure options for the DIO6 line of the module Options include 0 Input unmonitored 1 RTS flow control B 3 Digital input monitored chee 9 4 Digital
94. rectional RF module was tested and approved with 15 dBi antenna gain with 1 dB cable loss EIRP Maxi mum of 14 dBm Any Omni directional type antenna with 14 dBi gain or less can be used with no cable loss Antenna Type Flat Panel RF module was tested and approved with 19 dBi antenna gain with 4 8 dB cable loss EIRP Maxi mum of 14 2 dBm Any Flat Panel type antenna with 14 2 dBi gain or less can be used with no cable loss XBee PRO RF Module 10 dBm Transmit Power PL parameter value must equal 0 or use Inter national variant The following antennas have been tested and approved for use with the embedded XBee PRO RF Module e Dipole 2 1 dBi Omni directional Articulated RPSMA Digi part number A24 HABSM e Chip Antenna 1 5 dBi e Attached Monopole Whip 1 5 dBi The RF modem encasement was designed to accommodate the RPSMA antenna option Canada IC Labeling Requirements Labeling requirements for Industry Canada are similar to those of the FCC A clearly visible label on the outside of the final product enclosure must display the following text Contains Model XBee Radio IC 4214A XBEE Contains Model XBee PRO Radio IC 4214A XBEEPRO The integrator is responsible for its product to comply with IC ICES 003 amp FCC Part 15 Sub B Unintentional Radiators ICES 003 is the same as FCC Part 15 Sub B and Industry Canada accepts FCC test report or CISPR 22 test report for compliance with ICES 003 2011 Digi I
95. replace the defective product For warranty service return the defective product to Digi shipping prepaid for prompt repair or replacement The foregoing sets forth the full extent of Digi s warranties regarding the Product Repair or replacement at Digi s option is the exclusive remedy THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AND DIGI SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRAN TIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGI ITS SUPPLIERS OR LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES IN EXCESS OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT FOR ANY LOSS OF USE LOSS OF TIME INCONVENIENCE COMMERCIAL LOSS LOST PROFITS OR SAVINGS OR OTHER INCIDENTAL SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT TO THE FULL EXTENT SUCH MAY BE DISCLAIMED BY LAW SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCI DENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES THEREFORE THE FOREGOING EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY IN ALL CASES This warranty provides specific legal rights Other rights which vary from state to state may also apply 2011 Digi International Inc 71
96. rved field should be set to OxFFFE 2011 Digi International Inc 54 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules The broadcast radius can be set from 0 up to NH to OxFF If the broadcast radius exceeds the value of NH then the value of NH will be used as the radius This parameter is only used for broadcast transmissions The maximum number of payload bytes can be read with the NP command Number of bytes between the length and the checksum Identifies the UART data frame for the host to correlate with a subsequent ACK acknowledgement If set to 0 no response is sent Set to the 64 bit address of the destination device The following address is also supported Ox000000000000FFFF Broadcast address Set to OxFFFE Source endpoint for the transmission Destination endpoint for the transmission Cluster ID used in the transmission Profile ID used in the transmission Sets the maximum number of hops a broadcast transmission can traverse If set to 0 the transmission radius will be set to the network maximum hops value Bitfield bit 0 Disable ACK bit 1 Don t attempt route Discovery All other bits must be set to 0 OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Example The above example sends a data transmission to a radio with a 64 bit address of 0x0013A20001238400 using a source endpoint of 0xA0 destination endpoint OxA1 clust
97. s that have elapsed since the module last received a sync message Sleep Status API messages when enabled with the SO command a module configured in API mode will output modem status frames immediately after a module wakes up and just prior to a module going to sleep 2011 Digi International Inc 39 5 Command Reference Tables Special Special Commands AT Command Name and Description Write Write parameter values to non volatile memory so that parameter modifications persist through subsequent resets Note Once WR is issued no additional characters should be sent to the module until after the OK r response is received WR Parameter Range Default RE Restore Defaults Restore module parameters to factory defaults Software Reset Reset module Responds immediately with an OK then performs a reset 100ms later AC Apply Changes Immediately applies new settings without exiting command mode VL Version Long Shows detailed version information including application build date and time Addressing Addressing Commands Command Name and Description Destination Address High Set Get the upper 32 bits of the 64 bit destination address When combined with DL it defines the destination address used for transmission Parameter Range Default 0 to OxFFFFFFFF Destination Address Low Set Get the lower 32 bits of the 64 bit destination address When combined with DH DL defines th
98. s from offset 3 to this byte Example In the above example a device with a 64 bit address of 0x0013A200 40522BAA sends a broadcast data transmission to a remote device with payload RxData Suppose the transmission was sent with source and destination endpoints of OxE0 cluster ID 0x2211 and profile ID 0xC105 If AO 1 on the receiving device it would send the above frame out its UART 2011 Digi International Inc 60 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Node Identification Indicator Frame Type 0x95 This frame is received when a module transmits a node identification message to identify itself when AO 0 The data portion of this frame is similar to a network discovery response frame see ND command Number of bytes between the length and the checksum 64 bit address of sender 16 bit address of sender 0x01 Packet Acknowledged 0x02 Packet was a broadcast packet Set to the 16 bit network address of the remote Set to OxFFFE if unknown Indicates the 64 bit address of the remote module that transmitted the node identification frame Node identifier string on the remote device The NI String is terminated with a NULL byte 0x00 Indicates the 16 bit address of the remote s parent or OxFFFE if the remote has no parent Example If the commissioning push button is pressed on a remote router device with 64 bit address 0x0013A200 405
99. tees that a destination radio will be awake when a transmission is sent As more and more consecutive sync messages are missed the sleep guard time increases in duration and decreases the available transmission time Auto Early Wake Up Sleep Option Similarly to the sleep guard time the auto early wake up option decreases the sleep period based on the number of sync messages missed This option comes at the expense of battery life Auto early wake up sleep can be disabled using the sleep options SO command Configuration Selecting Sleep Parameters Choosing proper sleep parameters is vital to creating a robust sleep enabled network with a desireable battery life To select sleep parameters that will be good for most applications follow these steps 1 Choose NN and NH Based on the placement of the nodes in your network select appropriate values for the Network Hops NH and Network Delay Slots NN parameters Note the default values of NH and NN have been optimized to work for the majority of deployments In most cases we suggest that these parameters not be modified from their default values Decreasing these parameters for small networks can improve battery life but care should be taken so that the values are not made too small 2 Calculate the Sync Message Propagation Time SMPT This is the maximum amount of time it takes for a sleep synchronization message to propagate to every node in the network This number can be
100. then sleep for the sleep period specified The sleep coordinator will send one sync message at the beginning of each cycle with the currently configured wake and sleep times All router nodes which receive this sync message will relay the message to the rest of the network If the sleep coordinator does not hear a re broadcast of the sync message by one of its immediate neighbors then it will re send the message one additional time It should be noted that if SP or ST are changed the network will not apply the new settings until the beginning of the next wake time See the Changing Sleep Parameters section below for more information A sleeping router network is robust enough that an individual node can go several cycles without receiving a sync message due to RF interference for example As a node misses sync messages the time available for transmitting messages in the wake time is reduced to maintain synchronization accuracy By default a module will also reduce its active sleep time progressively as sync messages are missed Synchronization Messages A sleep coordinator will regularly send sync messages to keep the network in sync Nodes which have not been synchronized or in some cases which have lost sync will also send messages requesting sync information Deployment mode is used by sleep compatible nodes when they are first powered up and the sync message has not been relayed A sleep coordinator in deployment mode will rapidly send s
101. timing of packets It is advisable to test the ADCs in your installation if best accuracy is required 2 Rag is the real portion of the impedance of the network driving the analog input pin Values greater than this amount may not fully charge the input circuitry of the ATD resulting in accuracy error 3 Analog input must be between Vper and Vpery for valid conversion Values greater than Vpery will convert to 3FF 4 The resolution is the ideal step size or 1LSB VperH Vrery 1024 5 Differential non linearity is the difference between the current code width and the ideal code width 1LSB The current code width is the difference in the transition voltages to and from the current code 6 Integral non linearity is the difference between the transition voltage to the current code and the adjusted ideal transition voltage for the current code The adjusted ideal transition voltage is Current Code 1 2 1 VrerHtE s VRer_tEzs 7 Zero scale error is the difference between the transition to the first valid code and the ideal transition to that code The Ideal transition voltage to a given code is Code 1 2 1 Vpery VREFL 8 Full scale error is the difference between the transition to the last valid code and the ideal transition to that code The ideal transition voltage to a given code is Code 1 2 1 VReFH VREFL 9 Input leakage error is error due to input leakage across the real portion of the impedance of the network driving th
102. to another to determine the success rate of many transmissions To simplify link testing the modules support a loopback cluster ID 0x12 on the data endpoint OxE8 Any data sent to this cluster ID on the data endpoint will be transmitted back to the sender The configuration steps to send data to the loopback cluster ID depend on the AP setting AT Configuration AP 0 To send data to the loopback cluster ID on the data endpoint of a remote device set the CI command value to 0x12 The SE and DE commands should be set to OxE8 default value The DH and DL commands should be set to the address of the remote 0 for the coordinator or the 64 bit address of the remote After exiting command mode any received serial characters will be transmitted to the remote device and returned to the sender API Configuration AP 1 or AP 2 Send an Explicit Addressing Command API frame 0x11 using 0x12 as the cluster ID and OxE8 as the source and destination endpoint Data packets received by the remote will be echoed back to the sender RSSI Indicators It is possible to measure the received signal strength on a device using the DB command DB returns the RSSI value measured in dBm of the last received packet The dB value only indicates the received signal strength of the last hop If a transmission spans multiple hops the dB value provides no indication of the overall transmission path or the quality of the worst link it only indicates the quali
103. tor sleep option set can be used to make changes to the network s sleep and wake times If a node s SP and or ST are changed to values different from those that the network is using that node will become the sleep coordinator That node will begin sending sync messages with the new sleep parameters at the beginning of the next wake cycle 2011 Digi International Inc o on XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Note 1 For normal operations a module will use the sleep and wake parameters it gets from the sleep sync message not the ones specified in its SP and ST parameters The SP and ST parameters are not updated with the values of the sync message The current network sleep and wake times used by the node can be queried using the OS and OW commands Note 2 Changing network parameters can cause a node to become a sleep coordinator and change the sleep settings of the network The following commands can cause this to occur NH NN NQ and MR In most applications these network parameters should only be configured during deployment Sleep Guard Times To compensate for variations in the timekeeping hardware of the various modules in a sleeping router network sleep guard times are allocated at the beginning and end of the wake time The size of the sleep guard time varies based on the sleep and wake times selected and the number of cycles that have elapsed since the last sync message was received The sleep guard time guaran
104. turns to sleep when the sleep timer expires Sleeping Routers The Sleeping Router feature of DigiMesh makes it possible for all nodes in the network to synchronize their sleep and wake times All synchronized cyclic sleep nodes enter and exit a low power state at the same time This forms a cyclic sleeping network Nodes synchronize by receiving a special RF packet called a sync message which is sent by a node acting as a sleep coordinator A node in the network can become a sleep coordinator through a process called nomination The sleep coordinator will send one sync message at the beginning of each wake period The sync message is sent as a broadcast and repeated by every node in the network The sleep and wake times for the entire network can be changed by locally changing the settings on an individual node The network will use the most recently set sleep settings 2011 Digi International Inc Qo N XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Operation One node in a sleeping network acts as the sleeping coordinator The process by which a node becomes a sleep coordinator is described later in this document During normal operations at the beginning of a wake cycle the sleep coordinator will send a sync message as a broadcast to all nodes in the network This message contains synchronization information and the wake and sleep times for the current cycle All cyclic sleep nodes receiving a sync message will remain awake for the wake time and
105. ty of the last link and should be used sparingly The DB value can be determined in hardware using the RSSI PWM module pin pin 6 If the RSSI PWM functionality is enabled PO command when the module receives data the RSSI PWM is set to a value based on the RSSI of the received packet Again this value only indicates the quality of the last hop This pin could potentially be connected to an LED to indicate if the link is stable or not 2011 Digi International Inc 22 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules Network Discovery The network discovery command can be used to discover all Digi modules that have joined a network Issuing the ND command sends a broadcast network discovery command throughout the network All devices that receive the command will send a response that includes the device s addressing information node identifier string see NI command and other relevant information This command is useful for generating a list of all module addresses in a network When a device receives the network discovery command it waits a random time before sending its own response The maximum time delay is set on the ND sender with the NT command The ND originator includes its NT setting in the transmission to provide a delay window for all devices in the network Large networks may need to increase NT to improve network discovery reliability The default NT value is 0x82 13 seconds Commissioning Pushbutton and Associate LED The XBee
106. uman body when the device is operation The integrator may be responsible for passing additional SAR Spe cific Absorption Rate testing based on FCC rules 2 1091 and FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromag 2011 Digi International Inc 67 XBee XBee PRO RF Modules netic Fields OET Bulletin and Supplement C See the note under FCC notices for more information The testing results will be submitted to the FCC for approval prior to selling the integrated unit The required SAR testing measures emissions from the module and how they affect the person RF Exposure A WARNING To satisfy FCC RF exposure requirements for mobile transmitting devices a separation distance of 20 cm or more should be maintained between the antenna of this device and persons during device operation To ensure compliance operations at closer than this distance is not recommended The antenna used for this transmitter must not be co located in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter The preceding statement must be included as a CAUTION statement in OEM product manuals in order to alert users of FCC RF Exposure compliance Europe ETSI The XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF Module has been certified for use in several European countries For a complete list refer to www digi com If the XBee XBee PRO DigiMesh 2 4 RF Modules are incorporated into a product the manufacturer must ensure compliance of the final pro
107. used to send commands to a remote module to read or set command parameters Sending a Remote Command To send a remote command the Remote Command Request frame should be populated with the 64 bit address of the remote device the correct command options value and the command and parameter data optional If a command response is desired the Frame ID should be set to a non zero value Only unicasts of remote commands are supported Remote commands cannot be broadcast Applying Changes on Remote Devices When remote commands are used to change command parameter settings on a remote device parameter changes do not take effect until the changes are applied For example changing the BD parameter will not change the actual serial interface rate on the remote until the changes are applied Changes can be applied using remote commands in one of three ways e Set the apply changes option bit in the API frame e Issue an AC command to the remote device e Issue a WR FR command to the remote device to save changes and reset the device Remote Command Responses If the remote device receives a remote command request transmission and the API frame ID is non zero the remote will send a remote command response transmission back to the device that sent the remote command When a remote command response transmission is received a device sends a remote command response API frame out its UART The remote command response indicates the status of the comm
108. within the ISM 2 4 MHz frequency band Key Features High Performance Low Cost Low Power XBee e Indoor Urban up to 100 ft 30 m e Outdoor line of sight up to 300 ft 100 m e Transmit Power Output 1 mW 0 dBm e Receiver Sensitivity 92 dBm XBee PRO e Indoor Urban up to 300 ft 100 m e Outdoor line of sight up to 1 mile 1500 m e Transmit Power Output 100 mW 20 dBm EIRP e Receiver Sensitivity 100 dBm e RF Data Rate 250 kbps Advanced Networking amp Security e Retries and Acknowledgements e Optional self routing self healing mesh net working available e DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Worldwide Acceptance XBee e TX Peak Current 45 mA 3 3 V e RX Current 50 mA 3 3 V e Power down current cyclic sleep lt 50 pA e Power down current pin sleep lt 10 pA XBee PRO e TX Peak Current 250 mA 150 mA for international variant e TX Peak Current RPSMA module only 340 mA 180 mA for international variant e RX Current 55 mA 3 3 V e Power down current cyclic sleep lt 50 pA e Power down current pin sleep lt 10 pA Easy to Use e No configuration necessary for out of box RF communications AT and API Command Modes for configuring module parameters e Small form factor FCC Approval USA Refer to Appendix B for FCC Requirements Systems that contain XBee PRO 2 4 DigiMesh RF Modules inherit Digi FC Certifications ISM Industrial Sci
109. y set sleep settings Sleep Modes Normal Mode SM 0 Normal mode is the default for a newly powered on node In this mode a node will not sleep Normal mode nodes should be mains powered A normal mode module will synchronize to a sleeping network but will not observe synchronization data routing rules it will route data at any time regardless of the wake state of the network When synchronized a normal node will relay sync messages generated by sleep compatible nodes but will not generate sync messages Once a normal node has synchronized with a sleeping network it can be put into a sleep compatible sleep mode at any time Asynchronous Pin Sleep Mode SM 1 Pin sleep allows the module to sleep and wake according to the state of the Sleep_RQ pin pin 9 Pin sleep mode is enabled by setting the SM command to 1 When Sleep_RQ is asserted high the module will finish any transmit or receive operations and enter a low power state The module will wake from pin sleep when the Sleep_RQ pin is de asserted low Asynchronous Cyclic Sleep Mode SM 4 Cyclic sleep allows the module to sleep for a specified time and wake for a short time to poll Cyclic sleep mode is enabled by setting the SM command to 4 In cyclic sleep the module sleeps for a specified time If the XBee receives serial or RF data while awake it will then extend the time before it returns to sleep by the amount specified by the ST command Otherwise it will enter slee
110. ync messages until it receives a relay of one of those messages This allows a network to be deployed more effectively and allows a sleep coordinator which is accidentally or intentionally reset to rapidly re synchronize with the rest of the network If a node which has exited deployment mode receives a sync message from a sleep coordinator which is in deployment mode the sync will be rejected and a corrective sync will be sent to the sleep coordinator Deployment mode can be disabled using the sleep options command SO A sleep coordinator which is not in deployment mode or which has had deployment mode disabled will send a sync message at the beginning of the wake cycle The sleep coordinator will then listen for a neighboring node to relay the sync If the relay is not heard the sync coordinator will send the sync one additional time A node which is not acting as a sleep coordinator which has never been synchronized will send a message requesting sync information at the beginning of its wake cycle Synchronized nodes which receive one of these messages will respond with a synchronization packet Nodes which are configured as non sleep coordinators using the SO command which have gone six or more cycles without hearing a sync will also send a message requesting sync at the beginning of their wake period The following diagram illustrates the synchronization behavior of sleep compatible modules Oo Go 2011 Digi International Inc

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XBee&reg;/XBee-PRO&reg;2.4 DigiMesh RF Modules

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