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XIIMUS CL User Manual v1.4

1. 10 1 APPENDIX A Camera Link output bit port assignments Multiplexed Parallel Base Configuration Base l Dual Base l Medium 8bit 10bit 12bit 24bit I 24 bit 30 bit 36 bit 30 bit 36 bit LSBs A 0 4 2 0 4 4 2 0 2 0 1 5 3 1 5 5 3 1 3 1 2 6 4 2 6 6 4 2 4 2 3 7 5 3 7 7 5 3 5 3 4 8 6 4 8 8 6 4 6 4 5 9 7 5 9 9 7 5 7 5 6 10 8 6 10 10 8 6 8 6 7 11 9 7 11 11 9 7 9 7 B 0 10 8 4 4 10 8 10 8 1 11 9 5 5 11 9 11 9 2 10 6 6 10 10 3 11 7 a 11 S 11 4 8 8 10 8 10 8 5 S 9 9 11 9 11 9 6 10 10 10 10 7 11 11 11 11 C 0 i S A A 2 0 2 0 1 3 5 5 3 1 3 1 2 6 6 4 2 4 2 3 S T 7 5 3 5 3 4 S 8 8 6 4 6 4 5 9 9 7 5 7 5 6 10 10 8 6 8 6 7 11 11 9 El 9 7 D 0 2 2 0 10 8 1 S z 3 3 1 11 9 2 2 4 2 10 3 I 3 5 3 11 4 S 2 6 4 6 4 5 3 7 5 i 5 6 e x 8 6 8 6 7 F X 9 7 9 7 E 0 S R 10 8 2 0 1 e S 11 9 3 1 2 10 4 2 3 S z S 11 5 3 4 S 2 6 4 6 4 5 S 3 i 5 Ti 5 6 S X 8 6 8 6 7 X 9 i 9 7 F 0 2 2 0 10 8 1 3 3 1 11 9 2 z 2 4 2 10 3 p 3 5 3 z 11 4 a S x 5 6 7 Note TVI Vision 18 October 2006 The grey boxes show bits which are not intended to be used but which are present due to the hardware wiring of the
2. 64 9 kHz Line scan period texp 28 2 US 1024 pixels 40 MHz model in parallel output mode max line rate 35 5 kHz Gain control G 12 x 100 x response time 500 ms max o o TS w o Supply voltage V supp 20 24 36 Vac ripple 10 voltage ripple must stay within 20 to 36 V CEA EE EE ST Le without lens 1 Operating temperature 35 C 41 to 95 F data rate lt 25 MHz per CCD 41 to 68 F Operating temperature Top data rate gt 25 MHz per CCD Operating temperature 14 to 131 F data rate gt 25 MHz per CCD with integrated cooling option Storage temperature Humidity operation WW Humidity storage Photo response nonuniformity p to p PRNU Saturation level p relative non condensing CO CO CH 9 relative non condensing fo fo 10 4095 digital units I A N oO TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 28 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 10 APPENDIXES A Camera Link output bit port assignments B Timing diagrams B1 Parallel colour channels output modes B2 Multiplexed colour channels output modes C Serial communications D Model numbers E Ordering codes F Application notes G Cooling Option TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 29 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5
3. A TVI Vision Oy XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 XIIMUS MODELS 512CT 1024CT amp 2048CT USER MANUAL ver 1 5 18 October 2006 TVI Vision Oy reserves the right to change any information in this document without prior notice TVI Vision Oy will not take any responsibility for any damage caused by possible inaccuracies or faults in the equipment This document may not be copied without the written consent of the TVI Vision Oy An un authorised use or distribution of this document to a third party is prohibited 18 10 2006 10 25 00 XIIMUS CL User Manual DOCUMENT HISTORY Version 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 Date 11 Jun 2003 19 Aug 2003 9 June 2006 9 June 2006 6 July 2006 18 Oct 2006 TVI Vision 18 October 2006 Author jjl amp nr jjl amp nr jjenr nr amp jjl jil jil Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 Description Initial Release Update on ordering codes and model numbers Update on serial communication protocol v1 7 readout of pixel frequency Escape sequence for synchronizing Timings for new models multiplexed output 3 x 512 pixel models Description of CC1 to CC4 signals Update on specifications New timing diagrams Update on serial communications Several minor corrections Appendix C Serial communications Firmware updates D11 gt D13 and D12 gt D14 Read out of temperature status Time out at
4. The cable side connector should be pushed and pulled by holding on to the sleeve at the central part It must never be turned or pulled by holding on to the rear part of the connector or the cable itself The two Camera Link connectors are used for interfacing to commercial Camera Link frame grabber boards or users own electronics All signals are available on the two O GC Camera Link connectors The interface is designed according to Camera Link specification v1 1 Standard RS 232 interface is used for modifying the parameters of the camera The serial port interface is SS also available on the first Camera Link ci connector according to the specifica tions The port is set according to the purchase order The selection can be POWER swapped by software Additionally O RUN there is a hardware method to move the port to RS 232 connector instruct Sane tions available on request DI STATUS 2 O POWER ERROR Six indicator LEDs on the right hand side show the status of the camera TEMP ERROR K Z Figure 5 1 The rear panel layout for Camera Link models 5 1 Power input The connector is labelled as PWR IN A power cable is included in all the camera ship ments The bottom most pin of the cable represents the positive supply voltage and the top most is the respective zero volts The mating power connector part number is
5. 1 Line scan period is the time that the pixels are exposured to light This is the time between two rising edges of the NewLine signal labelled T3 below 2 Integration time is the time that charges are effectively collected integrated in the pixels If the signal ExpCtrl is LOW no collecting is possible Thus the integration time is the time from the end of rising edge ExpCtrl signal to the next rising edge of NewLine signal labels T5 and T8 in the pictures below Encoder input Newline nput ExpCtrl input Method A Estimated length for Exposure Control Typically a NewLine signal is directly driven after a constant delay of T2 by the encoder input The goal is to keep the time T5 constant in order to have constant intensity from line to line This is done by estimating a delay T4 after which the ExpCtrl line is returned to inac tive state TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 54 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 But since T5 is ended by the next NewLine rising edge which in turn is produced by the external trigger coming from a mechanical device it is practically impossible to keep the integration time T5 constant simply because it is impossible to very precisely predict when the next pulse from an encoder or similar will actually come Instead the integration time should be controlled by a we
6. The data interface is Camera Link TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 51 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 10 5 APPENDIX E Ordering codes for XIIMUS cameras Version 2 0 Date 21 March 2006 XIIMUS 1024 CT i 14 P A 2 D D Number of pixels in each sensor 512 3 x 512 pixel sensors 1024 3x 1024 pixel sensors 2048 3 x 2048 pixel sensors 4096 3 x 4096 pixel sensors Type of the data interface LT LVDS RS 644 CT Camera Link Spectral range i red R green blue GB and near infrared IR channels blank for all RGB models Pixel size of the sensors 10 10 x 10 um 14 14 x 14 um not available with 4096 pixel sensors Mode of the data interface P LVDS Parallel output 36 bits in parallel R G B or IR R GB sent out in parallel M1 LVDS Multiplexed output 12 bits in parallel R G B sent out multi plexed by using 12 bits of the red output channel Order of the colours is RGB IR R GB M2 LVDS Equal to M1 except the order of colours is BGR GB R IR Note Each multiplexed output mode LVDS camera contains both M1 and M2 modes The selection is user programmable C1 Camera Link 30 bit RGB IR R GB for Medium configuration C2 Camera Link 24 bit RGB IR R GB for Base configuration C3 Camera Link 30 bit RGB IR R GB for Dual Base configuration TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 52 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT
7. 2048CT Version 1 5 CA Camera Link 30 bit RGB IR R GB for Medium or Dual Base configuration in quad 8 bit mode 24 bit RGB LSB byte on second connector C5 Camera Link Multiplexed colour channels 8 bits for Base configuration Order of the colours is RGB IR R GB C6 Camera Link Multiplexed colour channels 8 bits for Base configuration Order of the colours is BGR GB R IR C7 Camera Link Multiplexed colour channels 10 bits for Base configuration Order of the colours is RGB IR R GB C8 Camera Link Multiplexed colour channels 10 bits for Base configuration Order of the colours is BGR GB R IR C9 Camera Link Multiplexed colour channels 12 bits for Base configuration Order of the colours is RGB IR R GB C10 Camera Link Multiplexed colour channels 12 bits for Base configuration Order of the colours is BGR GB R IR C11 Camera Link 36 bit RGB IR R GB for Dual Base configuration C12 Camera Link 36 bit RGB IR R GB for Medium configuration Note Each Camera Link camera contains either all the modes C5 to C10 or all the other modes The selection within each group is user programmable Initial serial communications port for Camera Link models A RS 232 via the standard 9 pin D connector B Camera Link specification Please leave this field blank for LVDS cameras Note Users can change this setting Read out rate of each colour channel 40 40 MHZ for parallel output o
8. After the CDS block it is possible to further amplify the signal with an analogue gain stage The analogue video path also includes an input clamp circuit that is not drawn in the illustra tion The input clamp circuit removes the CCD s optical black offset to maximise system headroom and the effect of gain change on the black level The effect of this circuit causes the digital output data to start from zero when the CCD is exposed to dark If desired the dark level register can be used to set a positive offset in the output data If this parameter differs from zero the dark level of channel in question will have an offset equal to the dark level setting Changing this setting can be desirable when using the pixel correction unit since the pixel to pixel variations in dark will be present in the raw data enabling better cor rection Lastly the 12 bit data streams from the two output channels are digitally multiplexed into one data stream to represent the CCD output TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 11 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 4 2 Pixel correction unit 4 2 1 Description The TVI XIIMUS series line scan cameras incorporate a user programmable real time pixel correction unit PCU The PCU can be set up by downloading appropriate correction data via the serial port to the camera The PCU can simultaneously perform white balancing removal of pixel to pixel offsets PRNU amp DSNU light
9. POWER INPUT seis tinain aired i Ot era Ae ee ee le 16 52 LEDINDIGATORS i ii ei iii ees it eit eat eee re eas eee ena 17 5 35 DATACONNECTORI EE 18 5 4 RS EE 19 5 5 PROGRAMMING CONNECTOR rttr untk uS tt ESSEE ESSEESEEESSEENSE ESSE ES SEES annn nnen ne En 19 6 MECHANICAL STRUCTURE sssccseeeeeeeeeeseeeceseeeenseeeeseeeesnaeenseeeseeeeeseaesasneeenseeeeeees 20 6 1 MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS AND MOUNTING OF THE CAMERA ssssseeieeeeeretree errereen 20 6 2 ATTACHMENT FOR OPTICS ee iis eaiasaciecdeaaceceaitisenceetacneauarsseenabcaslaviaetaecalscaceataattaeasaaes 20 7 OPTICAL CONSIDERATIONS ccccccsseeesseeeeeseeesseeeseeeenseeeeesaesaseaeenseeeseaeseseeesnseaneeas 21 Pols SPEGTRAL RESPONSE gege tesi iaio coit tec set Moke 21 132 SELECTION OF OPTICS 2 aranea raa tes ee Sheet eege 22 72 1 Modulation transfer function 11 csccccceccessseceenceceneceseesseeneeceneeesnssteeneeeeeneetsnees 22 7 2 2 Resolution and field Of vie 23 7 2 3 Depth of field and working aperture csccescceceeeceeseeceeeeceneeecenaeeeeseecstetersinens 24 8 LIGHTING E 25 8 1 SPECTRAL RADIANCE AND COLOUR TEMPERAT TURE ssskssseessiesretrittrietristristtretrrrete 25 8 2 UNIFORMITY OF LIGHTING s ssssesseessttetttstttttttt ttrt tt tS tt ratt E EStEESEEESEEES SEES SEES SEES SEES ernennen nnen 25 9 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS cccccsseccsseeeeeeeeesneeenseeeenseeeseaeeeaseeeeneeeessaesasenenseeeees 27 107 APPENDIX E S ees 29 10 1 APPE
10. RS 232 port Appendix Cooling Option Update on total spectral response graphs Minor changes in wording page 2 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY AS DEFINED BY THE COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 89 336 EEC EMC ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY WE HEREWITH DECLARE THAT THIS PRODUCT COMPLIES WITH THE FOLLOWING PROVISIONS APPLYING TO IT Emission CISPR 22 1997 Immunity IEC 61000 6 2 1999 APPLICABLE PATENTS Fl 97264 US 6 476 870 EP 0 788 709 CA 2 203 835 JP 3626998 TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 3 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ss inicies 5 2 PRECAUTIONS 2236 ie E EE EES 6 3 CAMERA OVERVIEW scccsseececeeeeeseeessaeeesneeenseeeseaesasaeeenseaeesaeeesaesasneeenseeeesnaeseneeneneeaes 8 3 1 COLOUR SEPARATONS siste dE asia EA ets Are 8 3 222 GAMERA OPERATION EE 8 4 PROCESSING OF CCD OUTPUT sscccceeceesteeeseeeeneeeeeeeeeeseaeseseeeeeeeeeeseaesaseeeenseeeeee 11 4 1 ANALOGUE VIDEO PATH eege EAR EEN e 11 d PIXEL CORRECTION UNIT dee dial rad ae eel 12 4 2 1 DOSCIIOUON BEE 12 42 2 Dala order eege NENNEN AEN Eege den 12 4 2 3 Correction algorit AA 12 4 2 4 Implementation Of the correction eeeseanmeaanmmiaanniianmmiinanaaniiannniian 14 5 CAMERA INTERFACE eieae ienien antn eenaa he annann inen Saaana aaae inaona nana 16 ST
11. The technical specifications of the TVI XIIMUS series of cameras with 10 um sensors Number of pixels 1024 2048 Pets P 10 um 100 actor ee Line scan period texp 28 2 US 1024 pixels 40 MHz model in parallel output mode max line rate 35 5 kHz Line scan period texp 53 8 us 2048 pixels 40 MHz model in parallel output mode max line rate LL Ll Van M es 500 ms max A conversions EES a Supply voltage Vsupp Vac ripple 41096 voltage ripple must stay within 20 to 36 V Power consumption z 26 lt Weight m without lens Operating temperature 35 41 to 95 F data rate lt 25 MHz per CCD Operating temperature 5 20 C 41 to 68 F data rate gt 25 MHz per CCD Operating temperature 5 50 C 41 to 122 F data rate gt 25 MHz per CCD with integrated cooling option Storage temperature 14 to 131 F Humidity operating 5 relative non condensing Humidity storage 5 95 relative non condensing Photo response nonuniformity p to p PRNU Ed 2 pee Saturation level 4095 digital units TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 27 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 Table 9 2 Latest update 2 June 2006 The technical specifications of the TVI XIIMUS series of cameras with 14 um sensors Number of pixels N 512 1024 Pesze O ax im 008 fiador Data rate per CCD Line scan period texp 15 4 US 512 pixels 40 MHz model in parallel output mode max line rate
12. camera copies of output pins X is zero as default but can be taken into customised use by upgrading the camera page 30 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 10 2 APPENDIX B Timing diagrams 10 2 1 B1 Parallel colour channels output modes Version 2 02 Date 9 June 2006 Firmware L1 R18 for 20 MHz models R17 for 25 MHz models R16 for 33 MHz models R15 for 40 MHz models Firmware L2 D14 CC1 input Change of Line internal CCe a4 input LVAL output Strobe output ta 35 0 XNXN XS IX XTXEXENM EEDA N 512 or 1024 or 2048 TVI XIIMUS 512CT 1024CT and 2048CT Parallel Output Modes Symbol Parameter New ne low CC1 DES Line Scan Period 3 x 512 pixels 20 MHz 25 MHz 33 3 MHz 40 MHz 3 x 1024 pixels 20 MHz 25 MHz 33 3 MHz 40 MHz 3 x 2048 pixels 20 MHz 25 MHz 33 3 MHz 40 MHz T1 T2 T3 Delay to Change of Line T4 T5 o T4 Effective Integration Time T5 Delay to Exposure Control active CC2 CC4 Please note the jitter of one STROBE clock period There is no jitter if the Line Scan Period equals an even number of pixel clocks TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 31 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 10 2 2 B2 Multipl
13. prism surface Shake excess solvent off before touching the surface of the prism to avoid streaking TVI Vision is not responsible for any scratches or damage inflicted by the customer to the front surface of the prism To clean the exterior casing of the camera use a soft dry cloth In case of severe stains use a small amount of pure alcohol Do not use isopropyl alcohol or acetone or other volatile sol vents such as benzene or thinners Do not open the camera Do not open the camera In doing so the warranty of the camera will expire immediately Only authorised service personnel may open the camera Ventilation Allow sufficient air circulation around the camera If this condition is not met the camera might shut down during operation because it is designed to do so in order to prevent damage to the optical assemblies Further increase of the temperature may damage the camera TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 6 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 Storage Do not store the camera in a temperature over 55 C or 131 F There is a permanent tem perature indicator inside the camera which is installed to ensure that if the camera is damaged due to overheat the warranty of the camera may be void Electromagnetic fields Do not operate the camera in the vicinity of strong electromagnetic fields above the require ments of CE conformity This may cause erroneous operation of the camera Tra
14. via Camera Link The advantages of this separate port are faster operations due to hardware handshaking and independence of the image grabbing TVI Vision provides free software with source codes for both options Please specify the port when ordering cameras The connector is a standard 9 pin plug type connector with the following pin out as seen from the behind of the camera OSA amp ES DS ID Figure 5 2 The pin numbers of the RS 232 plug connector Table 5 1 Pin out of the RS 232 connector Transmit data output Request To Send Clear To Send rr Signal Ground output 5 5 Programming connector The 15 pin D shell connector on the left side of the back plane is reserved for factory use New firmware updates can also be downloaded using this connector Ask TVI Vision for detailed procedure before removing the cover of the connector TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 19 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 6 MECHANICAL STRUCTURE 6 1 Mechanical dimensions and mounting of the camera The mechanical structure of the camera provides a compact entity to meet the rigid de mands of the industrial environment The camera case is aluminium which provides an excellent electrical protection against external electromagnetic interference When selecting the components corrosion resistance has also been considered The camera can be mounted from the front panel o
15. 01 STOP bit error followed by followed by followed by el 49 31 0011 0001 Illegal command 101 65 0110 0101 followed by followed by followed by e2 50 32 0011 0010 Illegal data 101 65 0110 0101 followed by followed by followed by e3 51 33 0011 0011 Illegal data for 101 65 0110 0101 the LOAD followed by followed by followed by e4 command 52 34 0011 0100 Illegal data for 101 65 0110 0101 the SAVE followed by followed by followed by e5 command 53 35 0011 0101 Data mismatch 101 65 0110 0101 followed by followed by followed by e6 54 36 0011 0110 PCU load timeout 101 65 0110 0101 followed by followed by followed by e7 55 37 0011 0111 3 1 PCU setup commands address 181 The camera incorporates a real time Pixel Correction Unit This command performs reads or writes of correction coefficients between PC and camera using the serial port Loading and saving of correction data to or from the nonvolatile memory of the camera is also supported The written set of coefficients will be used for calculations performed by the Pixel Correction Unit if the correction unit is enabled Function decimal hexadecimal binary PCU Setup 181 B5 1011 0101 Commands The data byte for this command can take following values 181 download correction data to camera for use not saved to nonvolatile memory 182 download and save correction data to camera nonvolatile memory data is not in use 183 load correction dat
16. C to 19200 8 N 2 Set the analog gain of odd pixels of the blue channel to maximum value in the advanced user mode by first sending the respective MSB address which is 200 After that send the new setting value 255 Next send the respective LSB address which is 202 followed by 3 as data This amounts to 1023 sent to the blue odd channel as the new gain setting The even pixels of the blue channel are set to maximum by sending the following four decimal numbers 201 255 203 and 3 TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 42 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 3 7 Exposure control mode address 204 The Exposure Control function can be applied individually to each CCD As default one common input signal ExpCtrl_R drives all the three CCDs Alternatively each CCD can have its dedicated input signal for the Exposure Control Address for modifying the Exposure Control function Function decimal hexadecimal binary Exposure Control 204 CC 1100 1100 Mode This function is used like the setting of the gains see above The data byte consists of eight bits which are labelled as follows MSB first S R1 RO G1 GO B1 BO X Bit S selects the source for the Exposure Control functions 0 common ExpCtrl signal default 1 individual ExpCtrl signals The next 6 bits are used as pairs for each colour channel see table below As default these are all zeros and there is no need to chang
17. NDIX A CAMERA LINK OUTPUT BIT PORT ASSIGHMENTS 30 10 2 APPENDIX B TIMING DIAGRAMS aoiessda titelprint aaa AAEE 31 10 2 1 PI Parallel colour channels output modes cccceeeceeeeenteeeeeenneeeeetnneeeeeeennnees 31 10 2 2 B2 Multiplexed colour channels output modes 32 10 3 APPENDIX C SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS 33 10 4 APPENDIX D MODEL NUMBERS FOR XIIMUS CAMERAS 51 10 5 APPENDIXE ORDERING CODES FOR XIIMUS CAMERAS 52 10 6 APPENDIX E APPLICATION NOTES 54 10 6 1 TVI AN701 Using encoder Inputs for triggering ccccccescseesseeeeseetseesesnsees 54 10 7 APPENDIX G COOLING OPTION trent 56 TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 4 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 1 INTRODUCTION The XIIMUS is series of a rugged high performance fully digital colour line scan camera for demanding industrial applications It utilises a high accuracy 3 CCD architecture with a choice of either 512 1024 2048 or 4096 pixel sensors at speeds up to 40 million pixels per second per colour channel The TVI Vision XIIMUS cameras are optimised for high sensitivity and precise colour recognition The applications for the XIIMUS cameras include e web inspection e inspection of natural materials like food wood ore minerals and lumber recycling e quality control in printing processes e texture recognition CUSTOMER SUPPORT If you need to contact the manufacturer directly please send your questions pr
18. a Xj camera raw data bi offset to be subtracted from the raw data aj multiplier for scaling of data Since the offset b has a 10 bit range it is possible to subtract greater values than the camera dark level which is typically around 40 DU As an example the user might want to subtract the background of the image instead of the dark level TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 12 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 Data output X Xi b la x bi Intensity Figure 4 2 Correction algorithm The multiplier a has a 14 bit range The multiplier is scaled so that a 14 bit multiplier value of 4096 DU by default equals multiplying by one So in order to increase the signal of a pixel it has to be multiplied with a number greater than 4096 DU and accordingly it has to multiplied with a smaller number to attenuate the signal This means that a single pixel cannot be mul tiplied with a multiplier greater than 4 or attenuated more than into 1 4096 Please note that multiplying with a number that is larger than one 4096 will result in some more noise in the image because the original data is scaled up stretched to cover a larger range By altering the content of the shifter register it is possible to reset the multiplier unity level to any power of two between 128 and 16384 Please notice that setting this register to 16384 will not permit any amplification but on the other ha
19. a from nonvolatile memory to camera for use 184 upload correction data from nonvolatile memory to PC via RS 232 RS 232 port When using the RS 232 port for the first two downloading operations the issued command is followed by 9 bytes of data per pixel starting with the first pixel in the line This equals 24 bits or three bytes per colour The topmost 14 bits of each colour makes up the multiplier and the bottom most 10 bits accordingly define the offset to be subtracted before multiplication The ordering of the bytes is shown below RRR GGG BBB TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 36 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 Once all bytes are written to the camera the camera will reply with the same command and data byte pair that was initially sent to the camera when writing started While writing is in progress no other commands can be sent to the camera because they will be interpreted as correction coefficients The fourth operation will echo out all correction data via the RS port back to the PC Output data ordering is the same as for the first two commands Camera Link serial communications port The first two downloading operations will first reply to the issued command Next the camera will poll for the first data byte to be received by the camera Each byte sent to the camera will be acknowledged as received by the camera by echoing out the same byte The next byte of data should not be
20. ase models T1 TO Interpretation 0 TVI basic model 0 0 Custom 0 1 0 Custom 1 1 1 Custom 2 Bits V1 and VO are interpreted as pairs and are used to indicate the pixel count of the camera V1 Interpretation 0 1024 pixels 0 2048 pixels 1 4096 pixels 1 512 pixels Please contact TVI if this setting is not correct as it will affect correct operation of the camera The second data byte is reserved for future use 3 3 4 Read Temperature Bits This command will reply with the command byte and a second byte that will indicate the internal temperature level as follows XXX X X XK T1 TO When both bits TO and T1 are zeroes the camera temperature level is ok When TO is goes high a temperature warning is issued but the camera works normally A red LED labelled Temp error will also light up in the camera backplane to indicate the condition When the second bit T1 goes high as well camera image aquisition will be halted and the camera must be rebooted once it has cooled Serial ports will continue to function normally The bits marked X are zeroes by default TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 39 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 3 3 5 Read software and firmware versions The camera will reply to one of these commands with the function address followed by a single byte that indicates the name of the current version of the software or firmware in u
21. ation in the application Generally speaking the spectral distribution of the light sources should be as even as possible in the visible light spectrum from 350 to 700 nm where the TVI cameras are intended to be operated Due to the technology used in the camera and the CCDs inherent increased sensitivity to the red end of the spectrum the lighting should have a considerable blue content in it The colour temperature of a light source is a pretty accurate measure of the balance of spectral radiance Reasonable results can be obtained when lighting colour temperature is close to or over 4000K High quality colour images require a colour temperature of around 6500K or more Lighting that generates a lot of IR or UV might affect the working of the CCD sensors and should be filtered out or the source of lighting must be chosen so that the content of unde sired wavelengths is minimised 8 2 Uniformity of lighting Uniformity of lighting means that there are negligible variations in light intensity over the used spectrum Also changes in ambient lighting should not affect the imaging situation Such a light source is called a lambertian source or uniform diffused light This light can be colli mated to further improve stability and intensity A lambertian source will do for an imaging situation where shadows and reflections should be minimised There are many other schemes of lighting which of course depend on the application So it is up to the u
22. ble from TVI Vision by the product name PRICABLE 13 Camera side D9 connector Pin Pin PC side D9 connector TD Transmit data output RD Receive Data input RD Receive Data input TD Transmit data output RTS Request To Send output CTS Clear To Send input CTS Clear To Send input RTS Request To Send output SG signal ground SG signal ground OU COI NI io AJNI OIN For Camera Link serial communication the port is available on the first connector CL1 A standard Camera Link cable is used 3 Communication Programming of the camera is based on 64 8 bit registers that can be loaded with new values any time during operation New values are sent as sets of two bytes where the first byte is the address of the register command and the second byte is the data new value The camera responds to each valid setting by sending the same values back 8 bit address and 8 bit data Invalid commands are acknowledged with error codes after which the camera immediately returns to command polling state The camera is ready to accept the next command once it has replied to the command and data byte pair issued Note Some PC s send data to the RS 232 port during boot up If the bytes are not valid commands the camera will reply with error codes and no changes are made to the camera settings If these extra bytes are valid for the camera their effect can be removed by reloading the pa
23. cal limitations All TVI XIIMUS cameras have been designed and made to be used with standard commercial objectives at mid range apertures The focal length of optics required for imaging can be calculated from the following formula F ee eR y where F focal length of the lens mm d distance to object mm L length of the CCD 7 17 mm for 512 pixels 14 um 10 24 mm for 1024 pixels 10 um 14 34 mm for 1024 pixels 14 um 20 48 mm for 2048 pixels 10 um FOV field of view object size mm Example 1 The distance to the object to be imaged is 900 mm the width of area to be imaged is 500 mm When using 1024 pixel 10 um sensor the focal length of the objective from the equation will be 18 4 so a 20 mm objective would be ok if the camera is moved backward to a distance of 977 mm Example 2 The size of an object within the image needs to be calculated in pixels This can be accomplished by rearranging the equation to yield L FOV x F d Thus a 10 mm object with a 50 mm objective at a distance of 900 mm will be projected as 0 56 mm which equals 56 pixels in the image each pixel on the CCD is 0 01 mm by 0 01 mm TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 23 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 7 2 3 Depth of field and working aperture Optimum sharpness of the image is achieved only when the object is in the focus plane Behind and in front of this plane the sharpness is worse Depth of fie
24. ch are available by using the RS 232 or the Camera Link serial communications port and a simple protocol If your camera does not support all of these features or if you are not sure which functions are included please contact TVI Vision for details and upgrades sales tvivision com This document describes the communication and all the available functions as low level s f i et e details for developing users own application software Alternatively a Windows software with source codes and documentation is available from TVI Vision Separate versions of the softvvare are available for use vvith either the Camera Link or RS 232 serial communications interface Use of the Camera Link version of the software requires a frame grabber fully compatible with Camera Link specification version 1 1 TYI XiiConf v1 36 RS 232 WS xi Test Mode Config File Hardware Modes Misc Controls Com Log Offset PreAmp Gain Dark level Analog Gain Digital Gain d Exposure Control Com Outmode Register Memory Operations L tze TYI ision Oy Select COM Port com Select baud rate 19200 x Init COM an example TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 33 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 2 Cabling The RS 232 connector can be found on the rear panel of the camera Use standard socket type 9 pin D connectors e g AMP 344643 1 at both ends These cables are availa
25. defined by the mode that is selected via RS 232 interface or Camera Link serial port as default this signal is common to all the three CCDs a low level resets all the pixels should be constantly high if full time exposure is needed aconstant 0 results in dark images CC3 Exposure Control Green exposure control signal for the Green channel when camera is set to individual exposure control mode CC4 Exposure Control Blue exposure control signal for the Blue channel vvhen camera is set to individual exposure control mode For cabling please refer to the Camera Link specifications TVI Vision also provides Camera Link cables Please contact sales sales tvivision com All the input signals are internally terminated by 100 Q resistors All the output signals should be terminated respectively one 100 resistor connected between the positive and negative wire of each signal pair Appendix A shows the output bit port assignments of all the available Camera Link modes Appendix B presents the timing details of the interface signals TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 18 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 5 4 RS 232 port The RS 232 connector is used for changing the settings of the camera and for communicating with the internal microcontroller Please refer to the Appendix C for detailed description on wiring and the communication protocol The same functions are alternatively available
26. e fan and secure it with its two screws If the cover will not fit easily you may need to change the position of the fan just a little 5H7 2pcs Picture G 2 Dimension drawing of the camera TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 57 57
27. e input clamp circuit of each channel removes the CCD s optical black offset to maximise system headroom and the effect of gain change on the black level The dark level register can be used to set the positive offset in the output data if desired If this parameter is set the dark level of channel in question will have an offset equal to the dark level setting Function decimal hexadecimal binary Dark Level Red odd 217 D9 1101 1001 channel Dark Level Red even 218 DA 1101 1010 channel Dark Level Green odd 219 DB 1101 1011 channel Dark Level Green even 220 DC 1101 1100 channel Dark Level Blue odd 221 DD 1101 1101 channel Dark Level Blue even 222 DE 1101 1110 channel The data byte of this command has 8 bit range from 0 to 255 decimal 3 14 Offset register addresses 223 to 228 The offset can be digitally removed by sending a value to the respective address This value is subtracted from all the pixel values prior to sending them out The offset value is any number between 0 and 1023 The MSB contains the topmost 8 bits and the LSB the bottom most two bits of the 10 bit offset range Offset is subtracted from the original 12 bit pixel values Offset should be set by first sending the most significant byte of the channel and then sending the least significant byte to the channel in question The offset will not be updated if only the MSB or the LSB byte of the desired offset setting is se
28. e the setting of the gains see above The data byte consists of eight bits which are labelled as follows MSB first SP CL M2 M1 MO CR X RS Bit SP selects the frequency of the pixel clock STRB 0 Camera at faster output mode default 1 Camera at slower output mode Bit SP is defined as Don t Care X for cameras which do not have two output modes Note The minimum STRB PixelStrobe frequency of the Camera Link standard is 20 MHz Possible slower output modes are not guaranteed by the standard Bit CL selects the colour output order for multiplexed mode cameras 0 RGB colour output default 1 BGR colour output This bit is Don t Care for parallel mode cameras The next three bits M2 M1 and MO select which ports the data is output to These bits are defined differently for multiplexed and parallel mode cameras Parallel mode Connectors Multiplexed mode Connectors ports ports 24 bit Base default 1 ABC 8 bit Base default 1 A O O 1 24 bit Base LSB byte 2 ABCD 10 bit Base 1 AB O 1 O 30 bit Medium 2 ABCEF 12 bit Base 1 AB 0 1 1 30 bit Dual Base 2 l ABCDE Reserved 1 0 O 36 bit Medium 2 ABCEF Reserved 1 O 1 36 bit Dual Base 2 l ABCDE Reserved 1 1 O Reserved Reserved 1 1 1 Reserved Reserved TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 45 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 Bit CR selects whether
29. e them They can though be used for testing or debugging the system In the normal state Exposure Controls are driven directly from the input pins of the camera as set by the bit S The Exposure Control can be set to be always inactive respective channel is never reset by the Exposure Control or to be always active pixels are reset all the time by the Exposure Control this results to a dark output value for the selected channel The third choice is a test mode where the pixels are reset until the end of the LineValid signal This is a constant time Thus the amount of exposure will depend on the line rate only see Timing Diagrams for details The same applies to pairs of G1 and GO as well as for B1 and BO The bit X can be either 1 or 0 don t care Examples Default value is 00 The ExpCtrl_R input pins drive all the CCDs To return to this state send a 2 byte set 204 decimal and 0 or 204 and 1 Set all the channels to dark by sending 204 followed by 84 Only red channel at full time exposure 204 followed by 52 Only green channel at full time exposure 204 followed by 76 Only blue channel at full time exposure 204 followed by 82 Exposure control function not in use send 204 followed by 42 TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 43 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 3 8 Programmable digital gains addresses 205 to 207 The Digital Gain function can be appl
30. eferably by email to TVI Vision They will be forwarded to the responsible persons who will contact you as soon as possible E mail sales tvivision com Fax 358 9 7590 0319 Phone 358 9 759 001 Address Asentajankatu 3 00880 Helsinki FINLAND TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 5 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 2 PRECAUTIONS Read the manual Please read the manual carefully before using the camera the first time Do not drop the camera Handle the camera with care at all times since it is a sensitive optical device Do not drop the camera and avoid mechanical shocks to the camera Keep foreign matter outside the camera Do not spill liquids on the camera The camera is not liquid or waterproof Do not drop any kind of objects or foreign material into the camera Metallic objects might cause short circuit and or damage the optical assembly Cleaning Keep the shade cap on the camera head when not used to avoid contaminating the prism The input surface of the prism is not shielded nor protected from the outside of the camera It is recommended that the camera is serviced by TVI Vision if the front surface of the prism is very dirty since the surface area of the prism cannot be fully accessed from the front If there are small amounts of contaminants or dust on the prism surface use a clean lint free cotton swab or other non abrasive medium dipped in acetone or pure alcohol to clean
31. el out of which the topmost 12 bits are routed to the data output of the camera The output data passes through a left shifter where it is possible to digitally amplify the data by shifting it zero to seven positions to the left Also the shifter will shift the data to the correct location depending on the unity mul tiplier level set in the shifter register Example The shifter register is set to 7 which equals 128 as a unity multiplier The digital gains are set to 7 as well which equals 128x digital gain In this case the result after the multiplication is shifted up 14 positions which means the lowest 12 bits of the resulting 26 bits are shifted to the data output Example on performing multiple corrections White balancing can be achieved by selecting the multipliers so that the data values on all colour channels are equal in digital response from pixel to pixel Normally the channel that is closest to saturation is selected as a reference where the other channels are corrected Other choices are possible but they limit the dynamic range of the output signal The image below depicts a typical situation In the image the output of the red channel is where the other two channels are corrected Now to achieve white balance the red channel line has to be multiplied with a constant one for every pixel in the line and the green and blue channel pixels with multipliers of little over one varying from pixel to pixel so that each colour pixel
32. ess and data of the command itself Instead the camera sends out the contents of the selected memory bank or the current settings in use see corresponding sections for details In addition to the commands that modify registers there are several commands that retrieve information from the camera or they are used to set up the Pixel Correction Unit PCU see appropriate sections of this document for more details ADDRESS FUNCTION DATA 180 Reserved for future use 0 181 PCU Setup Commands 181 182 183 or 184 182 to 186 Reserved for future use 0 187 Escape 188 Retrieve Information 186 187 188 189 192 193 or 194 Initial communication parameters Set the RS 232 port to 19200 bits per second 8 data bits no parity and one stop bit 19200 8 N 1 RTS CTS handshaking is used Set the Camera Link port to 9600 bits per second 8 data bits no parity and one stop bit 9600 8 N 1 The camera is shipped with the above settings with the RS 232 port initialised as the default serial port The communication baud rate can independently be set on both serial ports to 9600 19200 or 38400 bits per second The port can also be transferred to the Camera Link serial port TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 35 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Error Codes Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 Error decimal hexadecimal binary ASCII START and or 101 65 0110 01
33. exed colour channels output modes Version 2 02 Date 9 June 2006 Firmware L1 R19 for 8 3 MHz models RO1 for 16 7 MHz models Firmware L2 D13 Notes swap letters R and B of data values for BGR output sequence CC input Change of Line nternal CC e 4 input LVAL output Strobe put om X GuX BX X X Ri X Gi X Bi N 512 or 1024 or 2048 FVAL is constantly HIGH DVAL is identical to LVAL TVI XIIMUS 512CT 1024CT and 2048CT Multiplexed Output Modes Symbol Parameter Min 80 T1 NewLine low CC1 _Symbol_ Max Unit LJ Lk Line Scan Period T2 3 x 512 pixels us 3 x 1024 pixels 3 x 2048 pixels 0 9 us 0 9 Oo i a EE SUl L TS is U Delay to Change of Line 8 3 MHz 0 7 16 7 MHz 0 8 Effective Integration Time Delay to Exposure Control active CC2 CC4 Please note the jitter of five STROBE clock periods There is no jitter if the Line Scan Period equals a multiple of six pixel clocks TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 32 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 10 3 APPENDIX C Serial communications Version 2 0 Date 2 June 2006 MCU software version J04 1 Description The TVI XIIMUS series line scan cameras have user programmable features whi
34. f the memory banks can be loaded into the buffer overwrites the old values Memory bank 0 is automatically loaded when the camera is powered up The values are not sent out on power up LOAD Bank 0 to read out the power up values To read out the values that are currently in use but not saved the Read Buffer command can be used Banks 60 to 63 cannot be written to since they contain factory preset values Function decimal hexadecimal binary Load from 190 BE 1011 1110 Memory Save to Memory 191 BF 10111111 TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 40 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 The data byte can be any value as specified in the table below Memory SAVE LOAD Notes Bank 0 yes yes Power up values 1 to 59 yes yes General purpose 60 no yes reserved for factory preset values 61 no yes Minimum usable gain settings 62 no yes High gain version of bank 63 63 no yes Copy of the initial values of Bank 0 RS 232 port LOAD commands are acknowledged by sending out the contents of the selected memory bank Each of the 64 values is preceded by the address of the respective register Thus the camera response starts with decimal 192 MSB gain value for odd pixels of red channel 193 MSB gain value for even pixels of red channel 194 and so on until the total of 128 bytes has been sent out Example In order to save the setting
35. g through the centre So at small apertures the ratio of light passing close to the edges increases and thus small apertures result in a lot of diffraction Sharpness is therefore limited not just by imperfections in the lens but also by diffraction Thus the use of mid range apertures f5 6 11 results in optimum picture quality Normally a lens is at its sharpest at aperture 8 TVI XIIMUS cameras are very sensitive to light and have a wide range of user programmable gain factors so it is possible to use mid range apertures without significantly increasing lighting costs TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 24 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 8 LIGHTING Lighting affects the quality of an imaging situation much more than the selection of proper optics Proper lighting can increase accuracy system reliability and response time Further more failure to implement correct object illumination will in most cases lead to loss of time and financial resources A good image for processing purposes is an image that has the greatest texture contrast in the areas of interest against the background To be able to reliably process the image these conditions must prevail with certain accuracy over time 8 1 Spectral radiance and colour temperature The spectral radiance of the lighting used depends on the application since certain wave lengths of light might produce either additional or the desired inform
36. gain of the channel in question is sent All the gain settings are relative and specific only to each camera and each register The absolute values of these registers are not significant the setting of the gains should be based on the feedback from the actual images The range of the gain is 10 bits the topmost 8 bits being the MSB and bottom two bits the LSB byte of the gain TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 41 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 Odd channel represents pixels 1 3 5 1023 up to 2047 with 2048 pixel cameras Even channel represents pixels 2 4 6 1024 up to 2048 with 2048 pixel cameras Note The first output pixel is odd Most software programs index the first pixel as zero even Addresses for the most significant byte of the gain controls Channel odd decimal hexadecimal binary even RED odd 192 CU 1100 0000 even 193 C1 1100 0001 GREEN odd 196 C4 1100 0100 even 197 C5 1100 0101 BLUE odd 200 C8 1100 1000 even 201 C9 1100 1001 Addresses for the least significant byte of the gain controls Channel odd decimal hexadecimal binary even RED odd 194 C2 1100 0010 even 195 C3 1100 0011 GREEN odd 198 C6 1100 0110 even 199 C7 1100 0111 BLUE odd 202 CA 1100 1010 even 203 CB 1100 1011 Example 1 How to set the blue channel to maximum gain Set the selected COM port of the P
37. h memory bank are reserved for customer use These registers can contain any information related to the application where the camera is used or extra user settings associated with each memory bank TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 50 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 10 4 APPENDIX D Model numbers for XIIMUS cameras Version 2 0 Date 21 March 2006 The model number of each camera is located in the rear panel of the camera XIIMUS 1024 xx x xx xx D 000 D Number of pixels in each sensor 512 3 x 512 pixel sensors 1024 3 x 1024 pixel sensors 2048 3 x 2048 pixel sensors 4096 3 x 4096 pixel sensors Type of the data interface LT LVDS RS 644 CT Camera Link Spectral range i red R green blue GB and near infrared IR channels blank for RGB channels Pixel size of the sensors 14 for cameras with 14 um square sensors available for 512 1K and 2K pixel resolutions blank for all 10 um models Read out rate of each colour channel 40 40 MHz for parallel output only Camera Link and LVDS 33 33 MHz for parallel output only Camera Link and LVDS 25 25 MHz for parallel output only Camera Link and LVDS 20 20 MHz for parallel output only Camera Link and LVDS 16 16 7 MHz for multiplexed Camera Link output only 08 8 3 MHz for multiplexed output only Example XIIMUS 1024CT14 25 has three 1024 pixel sensors RGB of 14 um x 14 um pixel size each at 25 MHz pixel rate
38. his command is issued the ten byte serial number of the camera in question is output on the RS 232 port in ASCII text format The transmission starts with the first character of the serial number If the serial number is shorter than 10 characters the extra characters will be spaces ASCII 32 Example To obtain the serial number of the camera send the 2 byte set 188 and 187 The replies with the following ten bytes 65 50 52 53 48 50 32 32 32 32 The camera serial number is A24502 Camera Link serial communications port When this command is issued the camera will reply with the first byte of the 10 byte serial number string After the first byte is acknowledged by sending the same byte back to the camera the camera will output the next byte on the port until a total of ten bytes have been read out in this manner TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 38 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 3 3 3 Read Hardware Settings This command will reply with two bytes The first byte of the reply consists of eight bits which are labelled as follows MSB first X X M CL T1 TO V1 VO Bit M defines if the camera has parallel or multiplexed output 0 Parallel output 1 Multiplexed output Bit CL indicates whether the camera is with LVDS or Camera Link output 0 LVDS 1 Camera Link Bits T1 and TO are interpreted as pairs and are used to distinguish various custom versions of the camera from b
39. ied individually to each colour channel Digital gains are implemented by shifting the original 12 bit data upwards left by 0 to 7 positions corresponding to range from1x to 128x accordingly and by limiting the overflow of the new shifted value The effect is that the response of the camera will be higher but the effective noise levels will increase respectively Please note that after shifting the lowest bits will be replaced by zeroes for example in 8 bit applications using to topmost 8 bits and with 128x gains three LSBs will be constantly zero when the correction unit is not enabled Address for modifying the Digital Gain function Function decimal hexadecimal binary Digital Gain Red 205 CD 1100 1101 Digital Gain Green 206 CE 1100 1110 Digital Gain Blue 207 CF 1100 1111 This function is used like the setting of the gains see above The data byte consists of eight bits which are labelled as follows MSB first XX XX X D2 D1 DO The last 3 bits are used for each colour channel see table below As default these are all zeros and there is no need to change them due to the sensitivity of the camera They can though be used in cases where lighting is insufficient or to compensate for reducing working aperture size to decrease blur in the image D2 D1 DO Function 1x digital gain initial value 2x digital gain 4x digital gain 8x digital gain 16x digital gain 32x digital ga
40. in 64x digital gain 128x digital gain MIR O O O O 1 0 1 0 1 The bits marked X can be either 1 or O Examples To remove the digital gains on the red channel send a 2 byte set 205 decimal and 0 Set all the channels to 4x digital gain by sending 205 followed by 2 206 followed by 2 and 207 followed by 2 The lighting used has a small portion of blue a little more green and a lot of red The normal gain setting does not produce enough signal DU to balance the camera to a reasonable signal level The user sets the blue channel to 8x and green to 4x digital gain to compensate for poor lighting by sending 207 followed by 3 and 206 followed by 2 The red channel is at the initial default value TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 44 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 3 9 Output mode register address 208 The output mode register is used to change the configuration of data output Most bits of this register apply only to Camera Link models The output mode register will define the pixel clock frequency colour order for multiplexed modes it will enable or disable the shading correction unit and define which output pins the data is routed to Also the serial communications port can be changed to the desired port from this register Function decimal hexadecimal binary Outmode 208 DO 1101 0000 Register This function is used lik
41. ing profile correction removal of lens curvature and or perform custom operations on the output data of the camera 4 2 2 Data order The correction data consist of 24 bits of data per colour pixel Thus for a full RGB pixel the user has to provide 72 bits of data The data is sent to the camera via serial communications port starting with the first pixel in the line Colours are sent in RGB order to the camera The start of the transmission to the camera is illustrated below each letter corresponds to one byte 8 bits of data 1 2 3 RRR GGG BBB RRR GGG BBB R Within a single colour pixel the data is ordered into a multiplier and an offset The multiplier consists of 14 bits and the offset of 10 bits Thus the three bytes that make up the correction data for one colour pixel are internally divided on a bitwise level as follows R byte 0 R byte 1 R byte 2 Multiplier Offset 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Please refer to the serial communication section of this document for additional information on how to download correction data to the camera 4 2 3 Correction algorithm The pixel correction unit PCU utilises a simple linear algorithm to correct the digital output data of the camera The formula below is used to correct all data once correction is enabled yi Xi bj x ai Yi corrected output dat
42. ion dependent If very small details are to be examined or fine colour separation to be performed by the image processing system MTF might play an important role in the application If the objective has field curvature it will show up in the MTF plot as MTF dropping away from the centre of the image Observing the plots it is evident that this is true to wider apertures that have a small depth of field This does not necessarily mean that sharpness is worse at the edges It can just as well be that optimal focus for objects close to the edge is closer or further away from the lens Normal camera lenses are usually used to photograph three dimensional objects and do not exhibit a perfectly flat focal field Enlarging or repro optics have a planar focal field and are used to reproduce flat objects 7 2 2 Resolution and field of view Resolution is primarily affected by sensor dimensions and the quality of optics It is the ability of an optical system to produce finer details at a tolerable contrast Normally according to the Nyquist sampling theorem it is required that a detail spans at least two pixels to be able to be identified with a reasonable accuracy by an image processing software Because of the CCD the fastest transition from black to white can occur within one pixel When using large apertures large field of view and the 2K sensor and depending on the quality of the objective used image quality can be reduced at the edges due to opti
43. is no need to change them They can though be used for testing or debugging the system R1 RO Function 0 normal operation default 0 A test pattern is output 1 All data bits of the colour channel are set to 0 1 All data bits of the colour channel are set to 1 The test pattern output can be individually generated on each colour channel The pattern will output a ramp that increments the data by one from pixel to pixel On the next line requested the location of the start of the ramp is shifted to the next pixel The ramp generated is output only on the topmost eight bits of the colour channel in question So for a 1024 pixel camera four ramps from 0 to 255 should be visible along the length of the vector when grabbing the topmost 8 bits On the next line the first pixel value will be 255 followed by a full ramp in the next pixels The same applies to pairs of G1 and GO as well as for B1 and BO Bit AC selects the auto clocking mode 0 normal operation default 1 Auto clocking mode enabled In the auto clocking mode the camera doesn t need a grabber or trigger to request a line Lines are constantly output at a fixed frequency when this mode is enabled The data output is valid data for the duration of the LineValid signal The time in microseconds between two rising edges of the LineValid signal is obtained from the formula below For parallel mode cameras 7000 pixel clock frequency MHz For multi
44. it PZ enables the PCU load timeout feature when set This feature will only work when using the RS 232 port for serial communications When enabled if there is a time interval of more than half of a second between consequtive correction databytes being written to the camera the loading of the PCU will be cancelled and the camera will return to the normal command polling state after returning an error code to indicate the timeout has been reached For the Camera Link serial port bits C1 and CO are interpreted as pairs in the following manner C1 CO Function 0 9600 bits per second default 0 19200 bits per second 1 38400 bits per second 1 If set uses default Cannot be set by user TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 49 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 For the RS 232 port bits R1 and RO are interpreted as pairs in the following manner R1 RO Function 0 9600 bits per second 0 19200 bits per second default 1 38400 bits per second 1 If set uses default Cannot be set by user The bits marked X can be either 1 or 0 don t care Please note that if the baud rate is changed the new setting must be saved to a memory bank using the new baud rate If the new baud rate is desired to be available at power up this new setting must be saved memory bank 0 3 16 Customer Registers addresses 240 255 The last sixteen 8 bit registers of eac
45. ld is defined by how un sharp a point is allowed to be Depth of field is thus the distance from the plane of focus where the unsharpness stays tolerable So the depth of field depends on the smallest appli cation dependent feature size to be recognised Depth of field considerably increases with smaller aperture sizes Depth of field is also affected by the focal length used A longer focal length with a given aperture will result in a shorter depth of field Therefore as a guideline if the focal length is increased the aperture has to be stopped down by the same factor to retain the desired depth of field A lens improves optically when stopped down At large apertures most of the area of the lens is used resulting in a slight blur caused by unavoidable imperfections in the lenses When stopping down only the central area of the lens is used The optical picture is more correct and resolution improves Considering this fact the lens to be used should have a large maximum aperture and should be operated at a mid range aperture In reality stopping down does not improve optical quality endlessly since diffraction starts to affect image quality at small apertures According to the law of diffraction a sharp edge turns light slightly off The aperture forms such a sharp edge and light closest to the edges causes fuzziness in the image When using wider apertures the percentage of light passing along the edges decreases in relation to light passin
46. ll known delay This can be accomplished by using an encoder pulse to generate after a constant delay of T7 in the picture below the ExpCtrl input for the camera After this the desired delay of T8 will be waited before commanding the camera to do the actual change of line Method B Constant integration time In this case the possible inaccuracies in the frequency of the encoder input will affect only the duration of the T9 This delay has no meaning as long as the specified minimum duration is not violated Processing the colour values It is important to note that colour is independent of the intensity Colour can here be defined as relations between the three colour channels Processing of the data should be based on proportions of each colour instead of their ab solute values For example if the first method A is used and if the integration time varies only by 1 variations in the intensity from line to line can be seen in the images But the relations between the channels still stay constant This fact can be used for improving the visible images or for removing the intensity variations for further processing Each pixel value can be normalised and scaled in respect to some selected property for reaching the optimal range for the values TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 55 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 10 7 APPENDIX G Cooling option Camera models with
47. mission measurements of the beam splitter prism and the spectral sensitivity of the CCDs Channels have been matched to 100 by selecting the gains of the channels 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 X 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Wavelength nm Typical relative spectral response 99 Figure 7 2 Typical spectral response of complete camera without lens TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 21 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 7 2 Selection of optics The choice of optics affects the picture quality in terms of resolution field of view depth of field and amount of lighting needed just to name a few factors The selection of optics can have a dramatic effect on image quality This is why a basic understanding of optics is re quired A few guidelines are presented in this section It is recommended to contact your supplier or TVI Vision for advice on optics and lightning or to have them verified 7 2 1 Modulation transfer function Lens systems can vary notably in terms of image quality Quality can be characterised in terms of Modulation Transfer Function MTF MTF gives a measurement of how much contrast is left between two details usually black and white pairs of lines per mm after they have been projected In general it is defined as fidelity of the image in comparison to the object being imaged Maximum MTF is 1 0 but d
48. nd will permit fine resolution attenuation Also setting this register to low values will permit much amplification but will make the mul tiplier effect coarser at values close to the selected unity value As mentioned above the correction unit can perform multiple corrections on the image with one set of correction data White balancing or any user defined colour balance can be achieved by multiplying the colour channels that have a response differing from the desired response with suitable multipliers TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 13 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 4 2 4 Implementation of the correction MULTIPLIER RAW DATA 12 12 gt Kei SE 11 SHIFTER REG 4 LU Data oun 3 GAIN Figure 4 3 Block diagram of the correction data path The correction algorithm is implemented as illustrated above for each colour channel Firstly all offsets are subtracted from the raw 12 bit CCD output data This includes the pixel to pixel offsets in the dark DSNU and any custom subtractions In the diagram this subtraction is marked as SUB Also the colour channel specific offset is subtracted from the raw data Thus altogether it is possible to subtract half of the camera dynamic range from the raw data Secondly after performing the subtractions the data is multiplied with a 14 bit pixel specific multiplier This will result in a maximum of 26 bits of data per pix
49. nly Camera Link and LVDS 33 33 MHz for parallel output only Camera Link and LVDS 25 25 MHz for parallel output only Camera Link and LVDS 20 20 MHz for parallel output only Camera Link and LVDS 16 16 7 MHz for multiplexed Camera Link output only 08 8 3 MHz for multiplexed output only Example XIIMUS 1024 CT 14 P A 25 has three 1024 pixel sensors of 14 um x 14 um TVI Vision 18 October 2006 pixel size each at 25 MHz pixel rate The data interface is CameraLink but the serial communication is set to use the standard 9 pin RS 232 connector page 53 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 10 6 APPENDIX F Application notes 10 6 1 TVI AN701 Using encoder Inputs for triggering TVI Application Note TVI AN701 Version 0 02 Date 14 April 1999 Summary The two common operation modes of line scan cameras are free run mode or encoder input driven mode In the free run mode both the line rate and the integration time can be precisely controlled But if the line rate is determined by encoder input the integration time can better be kept constant by using the encoder input pulse for generating the ExpCtrl signal instead of the typical way of using an encoder input to directly drive the change of line input NewLine of a line scan camera The NewLine pulse is then sent after a constant delay Use of encoder inputs for triggering the change of line Let us first define two terms
50. nsporting Preferably transport the camera in its original packaging If the package is discarded please package with care in thick layer of soft preferably anti static material when transporting Do not use material that allows the camera to drop to the bottom of the package while trans porting Do not transport with an objective attached Let the camera slowly reach the ambient temperature after transportation before powering it up the first time TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 7 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT 3 CAMERA OVERVIEW 3 1 Colour Separation INCOMING LIGHT Figure 3 1 RGB color line Figure 3 2 Alignment of the CCD linear arrays 3 2 Camera Operation Version 1 5 The incoming light is separated into three Red Green and Blue colour images by an RGB beam splitter figure 3 1 The spectral distribution of each colour is standardised and well known By attaching a CCD to each of these colour outputs it is possible to measure the intensity of each colour image The RGB colour separation beam splitter The CCDs are aligned to each other to get the perfect image of the three measured colour components All the three CCDs see exactly the same area of the ta
51. nt TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 48 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 Function decimal hexadecimal binary Offset Red MSB 223 DF 1101 1111 Offset Red LSB 224 EO 1110 0000 Offset Green MSB 225 El 1110 0001 Offset Green LSB 226 E2 1110 0010 Offset Blue MSB 227 E3 1110 0011 Offset Blue LSB 228 E4 1110 0100 If you are using only the 8 upper bits MSBs please note that the offset value still affects the original 12 bit values range 0 to 4095 in digital units The lowest output is limited to zero negative numbers are rounded up to 0 The saturation level is lowered by the value of the offset Example To subtract 7 levels from the 8 bit output range of the red channel send as decimal values 223 followed by 28 and 224 followed by O multiply the 8 bit offset value by 16 and divide into MSB and LSB bytes The digital saturation level will be 248 instead of the original 255 3 15 Bit Rate register address 230 The bit rate register is associated with the serial communications port The setting of this register defines which baud rate will be used for serial communication Both communications ports can be individually set to the desired baud rate Function decimal hexadecimal binary Bit Rate register 230 E6 1110 0110 The data byte consists of eight bits which are labelled as follows MSB first PZ X X X C1 CO R1 RO B
52. odu S21L0C TO2LPHO 6200 The recommended cable bend relief can be ordered with p n code odu 701 022 208 960 050 The XIIMUS cameras operate from a single supply voltage of nominally 24 Vpc at typically 500 to 1000 mA depending on the operation mode and the external terminations of the output signals The maximum power consumption is 26 W For low frequency line ripples less than 120 Hz 10 of ripple is acceptable as long as the voltage level stays between 20 to 36 Vpc TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 16 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Supply voltage Nominal Range Supply current Typically Maximum Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 24 Voc 20 to 36 Voc 500 to 1000 mA 1 1 A at 24 Voc and at power up only Ripple 10 max 120 Hz voltage level nominal ripple must stay between 20 to 36 V 5 2 LED indicators From top downwards the LEDs are as follows POWER green ON RUN green ON OFF STATUS 1 green ON OFF STATUS 2 green ON OFF PWR ERROR red ON TVI Vision 18 October 2006 power input OK normal operation 1 The higher temperature limit has been exceeded and the camera operation has been shut down After the external tem perature has fallen into the specified range switch the power once OFF and then ON again The camera did not start up properly Check the input power lines and the POWER LED The power supply must be able to supply en
53. ough current quickly at beginning of the power up correction unit PCU is enabled correction unit PCU is disabled camera is ready for operation camera is performing internal boot cycle at least one of the internal supply voltages has failed page 17 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 TEMP ERR red ON Warning of too high an internal temperature If the camera cools down this warning will be removed but if the temperature rises further the camera will be stopped permanently until the next power up Please note that this is only an early warning of high operating temperature and that it is permitted to use the camera even when this warning is continuously on The status of temperature monitoring can be read via serial communications 5 3 Data Connector Two MDR 26 connectors handle the data communication according to the Camera Link specification The connectors are labelled CL1 and CL2 CL1 is for Base Configuration Both connectors are needed for Medium and so called Dual Base non standard Configurations Cables can be secured with either screw locks or latches All signals are specified by the Camera Link standard except the four Camera Control inputs CC1 NewLine the rising edge defines the change of line moment after a constant delay period is the line rate CC2 Exposure Control Red or all channels exposure control signal for the Red channel the effect for this is
54. peed applications Therefore best per formance is achieved at line rates of hundreds of lines per second or above Line scan rate Line 1 NewLine CC1 Data out Figure 3 4 The relation of the data output and NewLine signals TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 9 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 The effective integration time can be made shorter than the actual exposure time time bet ween two consequent NewLine CC1 pulses Line scan period by holding the ExpCtrl CC2 signal in its active stage until the beginning of the targeted interception period Within the exposure time whenever the ExpCtrl input is held low no charge can be collected into the pixels This is why the actual integration time is the distance in time of the last rising edge of the ExpCtrl input signal and the next rising edge of the NewLine input Line scan rate N 1 Exposure time NewLine Integration time ExpCtrl i PixelStrobe I 1 B Data read out Figure 3 5 The line rate and the integration time data is drawn for muxed output mode The two most common operation modes of line scan cameras are free run mode or encoder input driven mode In the free run mode both the line rate and the integration time can be precisely controlled But if the line rate is determined by encoder input the integration time can best be kept cons
55. pixel rates up to 25 MHz per channel may be operated up to 35 C ambient temperature with no additional cooling Faster models 33 and 40 MHz may run too hot already at or below room temperatures unless the cooling has been assisted Heat from the internal sources is conducted to the front plate of the camera All other parts of the housing are clearly cooler and are thus not effective to be cooled The front plate can be cooled by either forcing air flow towards it or by mounting the camera thermally conductively to heat sinks Additionally there is a small hole through the front plate for custom cooling arrangements If none of these measures are sufficient or if an integrated solution is preferred then the cameras should be ordered with a TVI Cooling Option which is a low power low noise fan blowing air towards the internal hot spots of the camera Exhaust air flows out of the small holes near the rear plate All optical parts are protected against possible contamination Picture G 1 Principle of the cooling The fan itself is not shown The fan consumes only 0 7 W from internal power supply The model is an ebmpapst 405 F One spare is included in each delivery The Service Life Lio 90 of the fans will run longer is 45 000 hours at 20 C and decreases almost in a linear fashion down to 15 000 hours at 60 C Thus at the maximum ambient temperature of 50 C the fan will work more than 2 5 years in full time operation wi
56. plexed mode cameras 21000 pixel clock frequency MHz The bit X can be either 1 or 0 don t care 3 12 Preamp gain addresses 211 to 216 This function sets the analogue input stage preamplifier gain Function decimal hexadecimal binary Preamp Gain Red odd 211 D3 1101 0011 channel Preamp Gain Red even 212 D4 1101 0100 channel Preamp Gain Green odd 213 D5 1101 0101 channel Preamp Gain Green 214 D6 1101 0110 even channel Preamp Gain Blue odd 215 D7 1101 0111 channel Preamp Gain Blue even 216 D8 1101 1000 channel TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 47 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 The data byte for this command can range from 0 to 63 decimal 0 corresponds to 2 dB input stage gain and 63 equals 10 dB gain The default setting for this register is 4 dB which equals 31 decimal Decimal Range in Range decibels 0 10 2 to 0 10 21 0 to2 21 31 2 to4 31 42 4to6 42 53 6 to 8 53 63 8 to 10 Increasing preamp gain can be useful in low light applications as it improves overall signal to noise ratio It is first recommended to increase the preamp gain setting and then increase the analog gains if there still isn t enough signal Setting the preamp gain too low can cause the digital output to never reach saturation even though the CCD itself is in saturated state 3 13 Dark level addresses 217 to 222 Th
57. r from the side panel of the camera The recommended way to mount the camera is to use the three M5 holes which are situated around the optics on the front panel There are three possibilities to mount the camera with the mounting holes at the side of the camera body First possibility is to fasten the camera with four screws to a special mounting stand The second option is to use a normal camera tripod using a standardised tripod at tachment 1 4 20 UNF The third is to use two M6 threaded holes to attach the camera to any application specific frame or support 25H7 2pcs UHT 74 20 Le ie leo EE Gigi Gel Figure 6 1 Dimension drawing of the camera 6 2 Attachment for optics There is a locking latch in the Nikon bayonet The optics are attached by turning it ca 1 4 rev counter clockwise viewing from the front of the camera until the latch rises into the upper position When detaching the optics push the latch first towards the front panel of the camera and then turn the optics clockwise again viewing from the front of the camera until the optics are released from the bayonet The optics may then be pulled away from the camera TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 20 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 7 OPTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 7 1 Spectral response The following graph represents the total response of the camera It is based on spectral trans
58. rameters from the memory bank 0 ADDRESS FUNCTION DATA 192 to 203 Programmable Gains 0 204 Exposure Control Mode 0 205 to 207 Digital Gains 0 208 OutMode Register 0 209 Shifter Register 2 210 Test Modes 0 211 to 216 Preamp Gains 0 217 to 222 Dark Levels 0 223 to 228 Offset registers 0 229 Reserved for future use 0 230 Bit Rate Register 1 231 239 Reserved for future use 0 240 255 Reserved for customer use 0 TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 34 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 The values of these registers form a so called memory bank which can be saved into one of the internal nonvolatile memory banks for future reloading All the registers are automatically set to the values of the memory bank 0 see 3 4 for details on power up The contents of this default memory bank can be altered with the memory commands Two commands are available for selecting a memory bank ADDRESS FUNCTION MEMORY BANK ADDRESSES 190 Load from memory 0 to 63 191 Save to memory 0 to 59 It is also possible to read the current settings that are in use but not saved to a memory bank ADDRESS FUNCTION DATA 189 Read Buffer 189 There are five exceptions to the above commands The Escape Retrieve information Read Correction Coefficients Load from memory and Read Buffer commands do not return the addr
59. rget from same viewing angle distance and at the same time Corresponding pixels of all the three sensors are very precisely positioned optically in the same place This makes the colour analysis simpler and does not require any line matching or synchronising of separate colour lines The resolution of the camera is the same as for the individual CCD array The CCDs convert incoming light into electrical charge The amount of charge generated in each of the individual pixels is directly proportional to the intensity of light they receive The resulting charge packets are transferred into two high speed CCD shift registers and trans ferred to the output charge to voltage converters of the CCDs The generated output video is Correlate Double Sampled CDS and amplified by two user accessible gain factors prior to digitisation into 12 bits TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 8 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 Figure 3 3 The block diagram of the camera The XIIMUS cameras operate in a mono shot mode For each rising edge of the NewLine signal the camera responds by sending out the digital data stream of the previous line scan period time The output frequency is constant The distance in time between two NewLine edges can be set to any value above the specified minimum The reciprocal of this time is the line rate Hz The XIIMUS cameras have been optimised for high s
60. s of the camera to be the power up values send the save command 191 and then the data which is 0 For reloading the initial default settings from the Bank 63 send 190 followed by 63 decimal Camera Link serial communications port Once the LOAD command is issued the transmission starts with the first byte of the memory bank in question This byte must be acknowledged by sending it back before the next byte is output on the port Communication ends when all 64 command and data byte pairs have been output and acknowledged on the serial port NOTE Data storage is guaranteed only up to 100 000 SAVE commands All the memory banks have been preset to use the initial communications port If the port has been changed after delivery loading of any of these banks will reset the port back to the initial setting unless the bank has been overwritten with the new values not possible to banks 60 to 63 3 6 Programmable gains addresses 192 to 203 Each CCD has two output channels and each channel has individual gain controls The gain is controlled with 10 bit resolution which corresponds to a range of 2dB to 36dB The gain is close to linear in decibels with gain values of 91 to 511 and linear in dB with higher values Gains should be set by first sending the most significant byte of the channel and then sending the least significant byte to the channel in question Gains will not be updated if only the MSB or the LSB byte of the
61. se according to the following table LOGIC 1 LOGIC 2 MCU 0 19 R 0 49 D 0 49 C 20 39 K 50 99 A 50 99 J 40 63 VV 100 149 S 100 149 Y 150 199 X 150 199 P 200 255 M 200 255 L Example To obtain the MCU software version currently in use send the 2 byte set 188 decimal and 194 The camera returns 188 and 108 which means that Y08 is currently in use 3 4 Read buffer address 189 The Read Buffer command will output the current configuration settings in use in the camera on the serial port This command is not associated with any of the memory banks Function decimal hexadecimal binary Read Buffer 189 BD 1011 1101 The data byte for this command is 189 Once this command is issued the camera outputs 64 command and data byte pairs See below in Memory functions for more details 3 5 Memory functions addresses 190 and 191 The internal nonvolatile memory of the camera is divided into 64 so called memory banks Each bank can save the status of all the sixty four addresses 192 to 255 registers Each register is made of 8 bits Values can only be loaded from the memory as complete sets of 64 registers memory banks TVI XIIMUS cameras have a volatile memory buffer which is updated after each new configuration setting to the camera command and data pair A copy of this buffer can be saved to any of the user accessible memory banks and any o
62. sent to the camera before there is a reply to the previous byte See above under RS 232 port for data ordering and the amount of bytes to be transmitted With Camera Link serial communications the fourth operation will output the first byte of data to the port and wait for it to be acknowledged by sending the same byte back After acknowledging the first byte the next byte will be available on the port until all bytes are read out See above under RS 232 port for data ordering and the amount of bytes to be received The third operation will retrieve previously saved correction data from the nonvolatile memory to the camera for use The loaded set of coefficients will be the one used for calculations performed by the Pixel Correction Unit if correction is enabled This operation behaves the same with both communications ports Note The load operation will be automatically performed when the camera is powered up There will be no acknowledgement message sent via the RS 232 port in this case Status LED 2 will light up when the correction data is loaded and until then the camera will not accept any commands 3 2 Escape address 187 The Escape code is the only command that does not adhere to the 2 byte sequence It can be used in situations where the 2 byte sequence is for some reason lost If the camera detects this value as the address it will respond with the respective feedback and returns to the state where it assumes that the next byte
63. ser to experiment with different lighting schemes to find out what scheme contrasts the desired image feature best The way the light is driven also has major impact on the evenness of lighting Normally either high frequency ballasts order of tens of kHz are used to drive certain types of lighting or DC lighting is used Some systems also use three different lamps each driven in a different phase with a square wave instead of a sinusoidal one In any case if DC lighting is not used the frequency driving the lights should be considerably higher than the line frequency used in the application TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 25 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 The ageing of the light source should always be considered since there might be changes in intensity and colour temperature If there is fine colour based qualification to be done this aspect should be carefully considered The temperature dependency of the chosen light source should be verified For example fluorescent tubes have a relatively high relation between the operating temperature and both the intensity and the proportion of colour output while all TVI XIIMUS cameras have almost no changes in their performance TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 26 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 9 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Subject to change without prior notice Table 9 1 Latest update 2 June 2006
64. tant by using the encoder input pulse for generating the ExpCtrl signal The NewLine pulse is sent after a constant delay appendix F The XIIMUS camera is constantly monitoring all the internal supply voltages and the internal temperature of the camera Temperature warnings can be monitored via the LEDs of the rear panel or by reading the status via serial communications Other functions include e colour channel specific programmable exposure control analogue gain digital gain and offset retrieval of the firmware versions and serial number non volatile memory banks for the programmable settings user programmable pixel correction unit test pattern generation for interfacing self clocking mode for operation at fixed line rate without line request input TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 10 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 4 PROCESSING OF CCD OUTPUT 4 1 Analogue video path TVI XIIMUS cameras utilise a two channel CDD for each colour A simplified illustration of the analogue video path of one channel is in figure 4 1 The video path itself is completely ana logue until digitised with 12 bit resolution in close vicinity of the CCD itself All adjustments performed on the analogue video signal are digitally controlled Preamp gain Analog gain Dark level Figure 4 1 Analogue video path The analogue video signal is first Correlate Double Sampled and amplified in the preamp gain stage
65. th 90 probability A fan stop will not damage the camera but may result in automatic shut down This construction increases the temperature tolerance at least to 50 C The same limit applies also to any slower speed camera models If the same fan would be used externally to blow air towards the front plate of a standard camera its temperature tolerance would increase by 10 to 15 C TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 56 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 Replacement of the fan The fan is located below the perforated cover The power input wires have a connector inside the camera 1 2 3 Qu Power off the camera Unscrew the two screws of the cover Lift the cover off completely and check that the gasket remains at its groove Unscrew the two screws of the fan Lift the fan up until the wires and the connectors are outside the housing Be careful not to touch any other internal parts and not to drop anything into the camera Press the latch on the fan side connector to open the connection Replace the fan If the spare part was delivered by TVI Vision it is identical with the original part and has the connector installed Slide the wires with the connectors back into the housing and install the fan with its two screws The direction of the air flow is marked by an arrow on the side of the fan itself The fan must blow air into the camera Slide the cover back on top of th
66. the shading correction unit is used or not 0 disable shading correction unit default 1 enable use of shading correction unit Bit RS selects where the serial port data is routed to 0 RS 232 port default 1 Camera Link Serial port Note Once the serial port is routed to another location this setting must be saved to memory bank 0 if the same port is desired to be available on power up 3 10 Shifter register address 209 The shifter register is associated with the Pixel Correction Unit The setting of this register defines which digital number is interpreted as multiplying with unity This register setting is meaningful only when correction is enabled Function decimal hexadecimal binary Shifter register 209 D1 1101 0001 The data byte consists of eight bits which are labelled as follows MSB first XX XX X D2 D1 DO lier e AJ OIOIOIO 3 11 Test modes address 210 This function can be used to test camera functionality with or without a grabber Function decimal hexadecimal binary Test Modes 210 D2 1101 0010 The data byte bits are defined as follows R1 RO G1 GO B1 BO AC X TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 46 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 The first 6 bits are used as pairs for each colour channel see table below As default these are all zeros and there
67. ue to optical imperfections and diffraction this is impossible to reach MTF at large apertures f1 0 2 8 is limited by optical imperfections which vary a lot from lens to lens and manufacturer At small apertures f11 f32 lens performance is limited more by diffraction than optical quality so in this case there are minor differences between lenses and manufacturers Most lenses produce best results around aperture size f8 Below are two sample graphs of a typical fair quality 50 mm lens at two different apertures They demonstrate various aspects discussed in the previous and next paragraphs The graphs represent MTF in percent y axis for three different line frequencies of 10 20 and 40 Ip mm from top to bottom lp line pairs The solid lines represent sagittal radial MTF and the dashed lines tangential circular MTF If the sagittal and tangential line pairs do not coincide this indicates aberration such as astigmatism The x axis represents the distance of from the centre of the image to the edge in millimetres Sagittal Image center PT ET A OW BEAAM ali e OE INS EIERE 0 12 15 18 21 0 12 15 16 21 Raps eoa Figure 7 3 MTF for a 50 mm objective at two apertures and different spatial line frequencies graphs kindly provided by Photodo AB Sweden TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 22 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 The effect of MTF is applicat
68. will have a balance of its own TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 14 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 In order to remove unevenness of the lighting profile and lens curvature along the vector at the same time as when performing white balancing each individual pixel along the vector needs to be scaled to the corresponding red maximum value L1 Now in this case in order for the line profile on all colour channels to equal line L1 the red channel line also has to be scaled Thus at the beginning of the red line the lowest pixel value at level L2 has to be mul tiplied with a multiplier R so that it equals line L1 Accordingly at the start of blue channel line the line L3 has to match line L1 for the camera to be in white balance As illustrated in fig 4 4 the blue channel will have the largest multipliers and the centre of the red channel line will have multipliers close to unity Also the far ends of each colour channel will have the largest multipliers of the colour channel in question Data output Figure 4 4 Correction in the direction of the vector TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 15 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 5 CAMERA INTERFACE All the electrical connections of the XIIMUS colour line scan camera are made via the rear panel The DC power is input via the 2 wire shielded power cable included in the delivery
69. will be an address Note 1 This value is accepted as data This is why the Escape command should be sent twice to assure that it will be detected as a command also Note 2 This command itself does not change any register values it is only meant for initialising the 2 byte sequence All the registers should be reprogrammed after this to assure use of the intended values Function decimal hexadecimal binary Escape 187 BB 1011 1011 This command will reply with 120 decimal or 78 hexadecimal TVI Vision 18 October 2006 page 37 57 XIIMUS CL User Manual Models 512CT 1024CT 2048CT Version 1 5 3 3 Retrieve information address 188 This command will retrieve various information from the camera Function decimal hexadecimal binary Retrieve 188 BC 1011 1100 Information The data byte for this command can take the following values 186 Read Pixel Clock Frequency 187 Read Serial Number 188 Read Hardware Settings 189 Read Temperature Bits 192 Logic 1 Firmware version 193 Logic 2 Firmware version 194 MCU Software Version 3 3 1 Read Pixel Clock Frequency Once issued this command will reply with the command byte and a byte that will indicate the pixel clock frequency of the camera If the camera has multiplexed output the reply byte has to be divided with three to obtain the pixel frequency per colour channel 3 3 2 Read Serial Number RS 232 port When t

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