Chapter 7_Transient
Contents
1. In fact the TIM file replaces the usual par file Prior to the actual allocation one can select Test Generate TSA file An intermediate file is created in which the result of the conversion to average values or intensities for each stress input time is given Selecting Allocate from the Parameter pull down or pop up menu runs the actual allocation program and the result is written to a file containing multiple adore sets The parameter names of the various adore sets consists of the usual parameter name followed by the text string TIME and the stress input time in days relative to the start time of the calculation Thus the first adore set is labeled par TIME 0 00 with for par the standard Triwaco parameter name Note that if any one of the start or end time of calculation or the stress input period is changed in the Transient dataset options window all time dependent parameters in the Modified parameters tab sheet have to be allocated again 7 4 4 Definition of precipitation excess from Fluzo For Transient simulations often time dependent groundwater recharge is required The module FLUZO explained in more detail in chapter 12 not yet available simulates groundwater flow in the unsatureted zone and determines the effective groundwater recharge The effective groundwater recharge is one of the parameters of the topsystem The effective groundwater recharge is written to a file named fluzo fzo The parameter RP2. TIM with parameter values to be averaged C 02 03 1997 00 00 TIME 6000 oO eee Wj 12 03 1997 00 00 TIME 70 00 i 22 03 1997 00 00 TIME 80 00 a x Cancel I nina 210907 10 00 Tie annn The groundwater flow simulation program reads parameters successively once a parameter value is loaded this value can only be changed overwriting it with a new set of parameter values which will be done only at input and output times mentioned in the input file Hence the parameter can not be switched off using the Time ruler To be able to change parameter values using the Time ruler a special parameter name is introduced consisting of the standard Triwaco parameter name followed by a and a descriptive text string The groundwater flow program interprets the name as if only the part preceding the existed For instance changing abstracion rate or turning off an abstraction well can be accomplished by using the following parameter names SQ2 ON and SQ2 OFF The in the parameter name causes the simulation program to neglect the remaining part thus using the parameter SQ2 ON for the parameter SQ2 when it appears in the input file Similarly the program uses SQ2 OFF if this parameter name is found in the flairs fli input file The values however are read from the proper parameter files RP5 on ado and RP5 off ado Thus using the Time ruler one can specify at which input times the parameter value should switch
3. from SQ2 ON to SQ2 OFF vice versa If the parameter SQ2 ON is loaded at e g 01 01 1997 by checking the appropriate time box the parameter s values will be overwritten if the time box for SQ2 OFF is checked at 12 03 1997 Thus wells in aquifer 2 are active when defined in SQ ON from 01 01 1997 until 12 03 1997 and well defined to be inactive when defined in SQ2 OFF from 12 03 1997 onwards Once the stress input times are defined in the Time ruler the parameter can be allocated in the same way as in the Calibration or the Scenario data sets Using the option user defined stress inputs thus results in one single adore set for the parameter considered Transient parameters that do not change with time like the effective porosity PE the storage coefficient 7 Setting up and Execution of Transient Simulations 6 Royal Haskoning Triwaco User s Manual SC1 SC2 etc and the initial conditions HT HH1 etc can best be introduced using this option with the first time box of the Time ruler checked For the definition of the initial conditions most often the calculation results of a steady state data set will be used This is simply done using the expression allocator and referring to the Result parameter in question For example if the initial conditions for the top system have to be read from the Calibration dataset calib1 one should define the parameter HT by the expression calib1 PHIT Se
4. 0 000018 0 000041 OUTER ITERATION NUMBER 1 INNER ITERATIONS USED 39 After termination of the computations the results may be viewed graphically using TriPlot The calculation process and the results are summarised in the output files flairs flg flairs flp and flairs flo described in chapter 5 2 6 All output is gathered in one and the same flairs flo output file and no Result parameters tab sheet will appear Output is only generated at the stress input times for which input data is defined If a user wants to create more output times one and the same parameter must be loaded at the desired times 7 9 Viewing output results Selecting View Results from the Calibration pull down menu starts the graphical presentation program TriPlot loads the grid information and displays the layout of the model area Alternatively the user can select one of the parameters from the result parameters sheet and viewing the parameter separately selecting View Adore from the Parameter pull down menu or View Adore file from the pop up menu right hand mouse button Adding other parameters selecting Param Load from theTriPlot menu bar gives the user 7 Setting up and Execution of Transient Simulations 12 Royal Haskoning Triwaco User s Manual the opportunity to compare result parameters with model input parameters Contouring or classifying transient results is similar to that of a steady state simulation result Creating a
5. 1 is used to define the effective groundwater recharge in the Transient data set The transient groundwater recharge has to be defined in the Transient parameter information window which can be accessed selecting Info from the Parameter pull down menu The fluzo result file fluzo fzo has a the standard adore file format Select fluzo fzo from the Fluzo directory search for fzo The definition of RP1 ung RP1 par can be neglected Next activate the Time series allocation type TIM with parameter values to be converted to intensities at the right hand side of the Time ruler There is no need to allocate this parameter since the resulting groundwater recharge is already in the appropiate adore format fluzo fzo file To prevent from accidental allocation select None as allocator It is important to realise that the simulation period start and end date as well as the timestep size have to be identical for both the Fluzo simulation and for the Transient simulation 6 TransientRP1 Description Precipitation excess ss Parameter file IRPipa Map file a Result file kimi O TIM file Parameter type Allocator Default value Status NODE Fane 001 Expression pee 7 Setting up and Execution of Transient Simulations 9 Royal Haskoning Triwaco User s Manual 7 5 Definition of a transient calibration file If a calibration file calib chi is present Triwaco automatically compares calculated hydraulic h
6. 6 11 01 1996 21 01 1996 0170271996 1110211996 21 02 1996 01 03 1996 11 03 1996 The TIM file has to be defined in the Transient parameter information window which can be accessed selecting Info from the Parameter pull down menu The TIM file can be edited selecting View TIM file from the Parameter pull down menu or View Edit Tim File from the parameter pop up menu A time series parameter input file or TIM file can easily be generated using a spreadsheet program using the MS Excel program one should use format custom dd mm yy hh mm to properly format the date and time columns After the last END the program expects a cARIAGE RETURN Or an ENTER Transient502 N Co Description Source discharge in aquifer Parameter file SQ2par a Map file la aa Result file Saza ea TIM file C Projdirs DEMO T ransientAS0 2 6 F Settings Farameter type Allocator Default value Statue SOURCE SrcParAdo o gt Yo Expression M Cancel 7 Setting up and Execution of Transient Simulations 8 Royal Haskoning Triwaco User s Manual As can be seen from the example TIM file a time series and corresponding parameter values should be defined for each object in the map file each having a unique ID After Time series allocation is selected and the TIM file is defined allocation can be carried out All usual methods for allocation in space can be used in combination with the time series allocation
7. 6565 25 2 51637 154 407708 1 EHD The output file contains a short descriptive heading of four records the title for each output parameter and a series of records with the values for the output parameters The example shown below gives the output for one user defined location for a model with one aquifers A01 The values for the phreatic head in the top system is found in the column for A00 Example Time series output file Graphnode out Output of Flairs version 3 1 may2003 Time series output program ELAIRS each column has heading of form lt nnnnnn aa gt nnnnnn node number lt aa gt the aquifer number e g 0123145413 gt head aquifer 13 in node 014345 TIME QO0000A00 Do00000401 000000400 D000000401 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 1 0000E 02 0 0000E 00 1 D000E 02 0000E 01 5 2291E 02 8 8482E 02 5 22 91E 02 3 5314E 01 5000E 00 5 2291E 02 8 B8482E 02 5 22 91E 02 3 5314E 01 5000E 00 5 2291E 02 8 8482E 02 5 22 91E 02 3 5314E 01 0 5 1 a To generate time series for an arbitrary result parameter transient simulation result or time dependent input parameter an auxiliary program is available mikado The program reads a standard Triwaco calibration file calib chi for a steady state thus without the time of observation and the flairs flo output file and creates an output file with for each output time the parameter name e g PHI1 TIME 10 0000 followed by the calcu
8. ads the effective porosity and the storage coefficient for each aquifer In simulations where a phreatic aquifer is used Triwaco automatically decides when the effective porosity PE or storage coefficient SC1 for the uppermost aquifer applies Where PHI1 lt RL1 waterlevel lt groundlevel PE is applies when PHI1 gt RL1 SC1 applies For all other layers a storage coefficient applies Because transient calculations need time dependent input allocation in time is introduced here Allocation in time will also be used in the Unsaturated data set chapter 13 Allocation in time and in space is combined to generate transient parameter sets For instance for the groundwater recharge time allocation is used to produce 10 day values and allocation in space is carried out to interpolate between points and to generate the distributed parameter sets In general the parameters displayed in the Modified parameters tab sheet are essentially time dependent parameters whereas the parameters from the Inherited parameters tab sheet are not time dependent Therefore time allocation is carried out only for the modified parameters 7 Setting up and Execution of Transient Simulations 5 Royal Haskoning Triwaco User s Manual For the allocation and definition of the time dependent input parameters Triwaco uses two different methods parameter input may be given at User defined stress inputs parameter input may be defined by Time series all
9. ag 1 januan 1998 0 00 00 The resulting length of the calculation period is calculated and displayed in gray Selecting the icon will display a calendar which enables the user to easily fa June 1994 ES select the starting or end date required scrolling back and forth with 4 and 41 CE a ar Double clicking on the month or the year 3 E f 8 J results in a list of months or a ruler for selecting the year The hours and minutes of start and end times can be selected by using the hour rulers at the right 1220322001 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 ib 22 23 26 247 26 29 30 Definition of stress input times The stress input defines the times at which new parameter data input may be defined and output data are generated The stress input times may be defined in two ways e Stress input times are generated automatically From the time step specified the program computes successive input times beginning at the calculation s start time The time step has to be given in days If hourly values are required these should be entered as a fraction of a day e g 1 24 day 0 042 day If input is required for every decade approximately 10 day period as is often the case for precipitation and evaporation data the stress input should read 10 146 days resulting in 36 stress periods per year 7 Setting up and Execution of Transient Simulations 4 Royal Haskoning Triwaco User s Manual e Stress input times are read from a so called TIM
10. ased on a Calibration a Scenario data set T TiDemo Trans Description Directory Hame EAPROJOIASidemosT rans ELUZO No FLUO set As soon as the user has confirmed the choices for the Transient data set by pressing the L 4 LEbutton the Transient options window will appear The window contains two tab sheets Transient options and Calculation options The Transient options tab sheet is used for the definition of the calculation period and the so called stress input times The Calculation options tab sheet various simulation options are set 7 Setting up and Execution of Transient Simulations 3 Royal Haskoning Triwaco User s Manual 7 3 Transient options The tab sheet labeled Transient options is used to define the simulation period start and end date as well as the time step size used in the simulation TUE Aa Transient options Calculation options Start of calculation dd mm yyyy hh mm woensdag 1 januan 1337 0 00 00 End of calculation dde mm hh mm donderdag 1 januan 1335 a 0 00 00 Lenath of calculation days 365 C Read stress inputs of file i 7 Automatic stress input generation for every i dayls x Cancel Definition of the simulation period The simulation period is defined by the following paramters The start and end times is defined in woensdag 1 januari 1997 gooo 2 dd mm yyyy hh mm and can be BE selected from the drop box donderd
11. ce Sets the criterion for convergence z Relaxation Sets the relaxation factor wal Print options In this section the user may specify the parameters that will be written to the output file For each layer the desired output has to be checked M By default all output parameters will be printed Output is placed in the flairs flo file using the Adore format Points for time lines In this section the graphnode input file is defined The use and application is explained in the previous section paragraph 7 6 Maximum allowed change in groundwater head per time step This parameter defines the way simulation program determines the iteration time step size The default value for this parameter is set to 0 25 m However in case of strongly varying surface water levels during a flood one might choose to increase this value to e g 5 m Initial time step size The initial time step size is used by the simulation program every time new time dependent data is read The default value for this parameter is set to 0 1 day However in case of a strongly varying situation temporary abstraction from wells one might choose to decrease this value to ensure a more stable calculation process This however is not a necessity since the simulation program will automatically choose the best value during the simulation process 7 Setting up and Execution of Transient Simulations 1 1 Royal Haskoning Triwaco User s Manual Effective porosity vs storage coeffic
12. e also chapter 5 1 5 for the definition of initial head parameters 7 4 3 Definition by time series allocation The Time series allocation option is introduced to define input data given in a time series e g meteorological data abstraction rates or surface water levels Time series allocation is only possible for those parameters displayed in the Modified parameters tab sheet Time Ruler Parameter RF1 C 0170171397 00 00 TIME 0 00 Jl 112017 1 Jaf 00 00 TIME 10 00 User defined stress inputs 121011997 00 00 MHE 20 08 ie 31 01 1997 00 00 TIME 30 00 1100241997 00 00 TIME 40 00 Ci 20 02 1997 00 00 TIME 50 00 TIM with parameter values to be averaged C 02 03 1997 00 00 TIME 60 00 12 03 1997 00 00 TIME 70 00 22 03 1997 00 00 TIME 860 004 X Cancel q 147 1997 AN 0N TIE The Time series allocation type has to be activated at the right hand side of the Time ruler of a parameter Three types of Time series allocation TSA are available TIM with parameter values The input times in the TIM file do not correspond with the stress input to be converted to intensities times Parameter values are given as total for the successive time periods and should be converted to an average intensity for the stress input time period Example precipitation values for a month input required in daily values TIM with parameter values The input times in the TIM file do not co
13. eads with the data from observation wells After comparison Triwaco will calculate the average deviation the average absolute deviation the squared average deviation the minimum deviation and the maximum deviation To view or edit the calibration file select Calibration Calibration View Create Input from the pull down menu The input file has a fixed format described in chapter 10 The output of the calibration can be viewed as table Calibration Calibration View Output or as a background map in Triplot Calibration Calibration View Map A comprehensive description on the usage of the calibration calib chi file is given in chapter 10 7 6 Definition of a time series output file Time series of simulated groundwater heads for user defined locations defined by its coordinates may be optained by defining a graphnode input file The resulting graphnode output file is a comma delimited file and can be imported in a standard spreadsheet program to generate time graphs of groundwater heads For all locations after each successive iteration step calculated results are written to the output file The graphnode input file is defined in the Transient options window under the Calculation options tab sheet The graphnode input file is defined as a standard Triwaco map file i e ungenerated graphnode ung file by which user defined points are defined see below or a calib chi file as used in a steady state simulation 1 50744 945 405
14. file Choosing this option the user should specify name and location of the TIM file to be used This file contains a series of dates and times in the format specified before that should be within the range defined by the start and end time of the calculation For each successive date and time the total time in days since the start time is being computed In example TIM stress input times file is given below 1 01 01 1396 00 00 3170171996 00 00 01 03 1996 00 00 31 03 1996 00 00 3070471996 00 00 3040571996 00 00 31 05 1996 00 00 01 06 1996 00 00 02 06 1396 00 00 03 06 1396 00 00 04 0671996 00 00 01 07 1996 00 00 D1 06 1996 00 00 01 09 1996 00 00 0171071996 00 00 01 11 1996 00 00 01 12 1396 00 00 Lbutton The Transient data set is now added to the project window The Transient data options window may be reopened selecting Options from the Transient pull down menu while the Transient data set window is active 7 4 Definition of transient parameters 7 4 1 Introduction In the transient data set two types of allocation may be distinguished allocation in space which is the same as for steady state calculations allocation in time needed for all time dependent input parameters For allocation in space the same allocators are used for parameter allocation within the other data sets such as Arpadi InvDist etc Transient data set parameters for which allocation in space is sufficient are the initial he
15. ient In simulations where a phreatic aquifer is used Triwaco automatically decides when the effective porosity PE or storage coefficient SC1 for the uppermost aquifer applies Where PHI1 lt RL1 waterlevel lt groundlevel PE is applies when PHI1 gt RL1 SC1 applies For all other layers a storage coefficient applies RPI RLI Aquifer 1 THI RLZ Phreatic part Confined part uze PE Use 501 7 8 Executing the transient simulation Selecting Generate input from the Transient pull down menu will create the main input file for transient groundwater flow calculations This file has by default the name flairs fli The file differs from the steady state input files by different calculation flags in the second line of the input file Moreover at the end of the input file a number of records are added to define the stress input and the corresponding time dependent parameters for the transient calculations A complete overview of the flairs fli input file is given in chapter 5 Selecting Run simulation from the Transient pull down menu will start the transient groundwater flow computations N Flairs version 3 1 mar2003 File Run Help timestep number 67 current time 1270 00000000 timestep size 2 689975 time next ijo 120 00000000 OUTER ITERATION 2 MAXIMUM 1001 INNER ITERATION 4 MAXIMUM 500 INACCURACY REQUIRED CURRENT PREVIOUS PREY 1 PREY 2 0 000010 0 000010 0 000013
16. lated parameter values at the location of the observation wells Block OQUPBOUOOO2Z OUPBOOOOOS QUPRBOOOOO4 FPFHIZ TIME 10 0000 0 724286 0 668369 0 606561 PHI2 TIHE 40 0000 0 713306 0 66001 0 600011 PHIZ2 TIME 30 0000 0 702302 0 651539 0 593338 PHIZ TIME 40 0000 0 725979 0 672701 0 610671 7 Setting up and Execution of Transient Simulations 10 Royal Haskoning Triwaco User s Manual 7 7 Simulation options The sheet labeled Calculation parameters displays the parameters for the definition of the calculation scheme ae Transient options Transient options Calculation options teration Pint optio Inneriteration fal Topsystem iteration 100 eran hf Print Aquifer Head Convergence 0 00001 M Print Aquifer Flux Relaxation 1 0000 Oe verla FS pin curee Fiir Points for time lines Graphnode ung C Projdirs T Utorial ransient gqraphnode ung Maximum head change per time step 10 25 Initial ime step size 0 5 TA Iteration options In this section the number of inner and outer iterations are set as well as the criterion for convergence and the value for the relaxation factor These parameters may be adopted from steady state calculations in a Calibration or Scenario dataset Description Function Inner iteration Sets the maximum number of inner iterations Outer iteration Sets the maximum number of outer iterations Convergen
17. n animation from contoured or classified results is explained in chapter 9 Creating time series graphs for any transient parameter is also explained in chapter 9 7 Setting up and Execution of Transient Simulations 13
18. nes containing a date time and 5 a parameter value Every set is closed with the label 01 01 1996 00 00 0 00605 END and the total TIM file is closed with an additional 01 01 1998 00 00 0 03665 label END END END The time interval defined in the TIM file does not have to be equal to the stress input time step The time 7 Setting up and Execution of Transient Simulations 7 Royal Haskoning Triwaco User s Manual series allocator implemented in Triwaco interpolates between successive time intervals and adds input values if needed to generate the proper values for each stress input time step The start and end of the calculation defined in the Transient dataset options window should be within the range defined by the first and last time of the TIM file Parameter values in the TIM file should be given in the appropriate units e g monthly values of precipitation should be in meters The output data sets after time series allocation are given as intensity e g precipitation intensity is computed in meters day or given in the same units as the TIM file depending on the allocation type selected Transformation of measured precipitation into precipitation intensity E nm a Measurements per month Measurements per decade La E t on a in a hai LA cn a Measured precipitation m Calculated values Measured values E ha a a gr y k 0 part T ha o co a Li o cn E a 017017199
19. ocation Selecting User defined stress inputs the user can specify at which time steps changes in input parameters will take effect c f change in controlled water levels of polders For the various ways of time series allocation a so called TIM file is needed Time series allocation is introduced to be able to enter parameter data which are available in time series c f meteorological data 7 4 2 Definition by user defined stress inputs At the left hand side of the Time ruler window the possible stress input times are presented as time boxes Next to the time boxes the date time and number of time step is given The tick boxes in the time ruler can be checked M Whenever a box is checked the input parameter will be loaded during the transient calculation at the corresponding time The first time box is checked by default because most of the parameters are needed from the start of the calculation If a parameter has to be used for the whole calculation it is not necessary to check all the time boxes in fact this parameter is treated as a steady state input parameter In this case it is sufficient to only check the first time box Time Rulers Parameter 5014 0FF 10140141997 00 00 TIME 0 00 4 11140141997 00 00 TIME 10 0 12120141997 00 00 TIME 20 00 O 31 01 1997 00 00 TIME 30 00 TIM with parameter values to be converted to intensities Ll 1070271997 00 00 TIME 40 00 r C 2070271997 00 00 TIME 50 00
20. rrespond with the stress input to be averaged times Parameter values are given for successive times or time periods and should be converted to an average value for each stress input time period Example Surface water levels at given times input required a constant level each stress input time If one of the Time series allocation types is switched on User defined stress input is automatically switched off and the stress input list at the left hand side of the Time ruler window is disabled graying it out There is no need to check the time boxes because input is generated for every stress input The stress input times are computed by the program from the start and end time and from the stress input in days defined in the Transient dataset options window or read from the TIM file specified Transient parameters to be allocated with the Time 1 series allocation option should be defined by a map 01701719336 00 00 0 00605 file and a time dependent parameter file the so called a e aa des A Rees TIM file A TIM file with extension tim has to be 4111 1997 00 oo i 02255 generated by the user which is easily done using a 2171171997 00 00 0 01745 spreadsheet program and a text editor 0171271997 00 00 0 03895 11i 12 1997 00 00 0 01380 An example of a TIM file is displayed on the right 2112 1992 00 00 0 02320 Every set consists of the ID of the object in the map o CERTS 00 00 0 03665 file and a number of li
21. te simulation data sets a Calibration data set a Scenario data set or a Final data set and may even be based on another Transient data set In addition to the steady state parameters some additional parameters have to be defined e the effective porosity of the top aquifer PE when phreatic e the storage coefficient for each aquifer SCi with i 1 N e the initial conditions for the groundwater head HT and HHi with 1 N All steady state parameters inherited from another data set may be replaced by time dependent or transient parameter sets For example where the water level HR1 of the rivers is essentially constant in time for steady state calculations it may in fact vary in time In that case the inherited parameter set is replaced by a time dependent parameter set At the moment Transient simulations using ModFlow is not supported To carry out Transient simulations using ModFlow contact the Triwaco helpdesk Depending on the need by users this option can be incorperated in a custom made version 7 2 Opening a transient data set The Transient data set is created similarly to the other data sets by selecting Add from the Dataset pull down menu and Transient data from the create new dataset dialog window As usual the user is prompted to provide a description the sub directory name and the unsaturated zone data set and grid this Transient data set is based on A transient data set can be b
22. triwaco groundwater modelling software 7 Setting up and Execution of Transient Simulations o ROYAL HASKONING Chapter 7 Setting up and execution of transient simulations A 1 3 1 2 Openinga ta sient Galta Se leidecc ret inl d delle eu n ate nea dd cin 1 3 fao Mansen ODIOM tinta AE 7 4 7 4 DETInINON Ol transient parameter cio 7 5 e a a OAAR 7 5 7 4 2 Definition by user defined stress iIMpultS ooccccooccnccconncoconnnnocnnnnconanoncnnnnnnnonacononannnnonannnnnnananoss 7 6 7 4 3 Definition by time series alloCatiOn oocccccconnococccnnccnoconononnnnononnnnonaroncnnannnononrononanonnnnanoss 1 1 7 4 4 Definition of precipitation excess from FlUZO occccocccccccncococococonoconcnoconncnonononononcnnnnonanononnnnonos 7 9 7 5 Definition of a transient Calibration file occcconcccccnncconcnoconnconnnnnnnnnonocnnonnnnnonnnnnonnnonnnncnnnnnnnons 7 10 7 6 Definition of a time series output file oooccccocccoccnnccocnoconnnoconnncannnonannonannnonnnnnonnnononnnnnnnnonanos 7 10 Es SIMAO ODOM Sr ol 7 11 8 Executing tne Transient si n sameeiela bien eee ens 7 12 39 Viewng Gutur resul Suscriba E a 7 12 Royal Haskoning Triwaco User s Manual 7 1 Introduction Apart from steady state simulations Triwaco also allows the user to carry out time dependent or transient model simulations Transient simulations are based on data defined in one of the steady sta
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