Paragon NTFS&HFS+ for Linux 8 -
Contents
1. 31 7 ufsd Module create_module operation is not E UL E E 32 8 insmod a module named as ufsd already exists 32 9 I can t mount NTFS HFS volum e esee esee ene nene eee nana nan 32 10 Collecting logs using release build of the driver user 32 11 Fsdum p Utilice 34 Part Vill UFSD driver compatibility 38 1 NTFS features nnne ne A ee tn 38 2 HFSt features ion li 38 Part IX Frequently Asked Questions 40 1 What are minor errors reported by chkntfs utility 40 2 Warnings on Windows7 Vista when NTFS HDD is reconnected from Linux een 41 3 Recently changed file has its modification time a few hours ahead of or behind the current system time A A O H 43 4 Why does mount option A make driver ignore mount OPIO Br A erre nannte 44 5 Does the driver have an optimization for avoiding data fragmentation pi cnr i 44 6 Why alot of memory is used for volume mounting 45 7 Why the disk can t be dismounted nnen 45 Part X Legal questions 47 1 NTFS legal questions ieri 47 2 HFS legal questions erronee otio inn nnt nino inna uana Dena saca 47 2013 Paragon Software Group Introduction PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Fr2. 9 3 Installing the Drivers ccscssesseeeeceeeeeeeeeseeneeseeeeesensneeneneeseeesesessseeneeseeseesnsenees 9 4 Uninstalling the Drivers ss 11 Part IV Using The Driver 14 ll Getting EE Te CT EEN 14 2 Mounting NTFS HFS Partitions 14 3 Dirty flag KT 14 A GPT ISSUES weiss E ia divo 15 5 Issues with large HDDs coercere een keeper ku een acu uen eden Enn CR 16 6 Unmounting NTFS HFS Partitions 16 7 Choosing the codepage charset for NTFS HFS alli pe 16 Part V Mount options 19 SAP A 19 Part VI Additional Utilities 23 1 NTFS Cte Sis cis ina 23 MANOS 23 CINK ITS 24 DAS EN 26 UL e 26 o on A ite 27 Part VIl Troubleshooting 29 O 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Contents 1 Troubleshooting processes iii 29 2 Mount toubleshooting es 30 3 The install sh script can t find kernel sources 30 4 Can t compile the NTFS HFS for Linux driver 31 5 Can t load module message at the end of installation naar 31 6 ufsd Module kernel module version mismatch
3. Support user extended attributes Effective if supported by Kernel user xattr user xattr The options specified as user xattror user xattr 1 enables 110 support for user extended attrubutes user_xattr 0 disables it 2013 Paragon Software Group R MANUAL Additional Utilities S SOFTWARE GROUP Yfiparacon Paragon 23 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 Additional utilities for Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux provide the ability to check integrity and create NTFS HFS volumes on block devices from your Linux OS Additional utilities for Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux were developed with Paragon UFSD SDK 6 1 NTFS utilities There are 2 basic utilities for NTFS file system e mkntfs 23 format any partition as NTFS under Linux e chkntfs 24 check NTFS partition for integrity and optionally fix errors 6 1 1 mkntfs MKNTFS utility creates NTFS volumes 1 2 3 0 3 1 Windows NT 4 0 2000 XP 2003 Vista 7 file system on user specified block device disk partition under Linux OS Synopsis mkntfs options device E g mkntfs f dev hdbl Options v label Specify volume label c Files created on the new volume will be compressed by default a size Override the default allocation unit size Default settings are strongly recommended for general use NTFS supports 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16K 32K 64K File compression is not supported for allocation
4. 4 83 Gb in 1492 files 464 Kb in 163 directories 0 Kb in bad blocks in 0 fragments 90424 Kb in use by the system 2013 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon ParaGon ISOFTWARE GROUP 41 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 65536 Kb occupied by the log file 4096 bytes in each allocation unit 182879943 total allocation units on volume 181590430 allocation units available on volume The volume dev sda2 contains minor error s 9 2 Warnings on Windows7 Vista when NTFS HDD is reconnected from Linux After NTFS volume previously operated by Paragon NTFS amp HFS driver is attached to Windows Vista Windows 7 machine warnings are displayed on the screen Why This is the case when volume was not unmounted correctly before it was detached from Linux system This section illustrates dirty volumes handling as implemented in Windows 7 For more information on dirty flag and its support in Paragon file system drivers products see Dirty flag issues subsection of Using The Driverl14 section An USB HDD enclosure with 320 Gb SATA HDD with one NTFS partition was detached from system while file copy operation was in progress After the enclosure was attached to Windows 7 PC again the following dialog was SAAS Microsoft Windows E yw Do you want to scan and fix EssentialRED320GB F There might be a problem with some files on this device or disc This can happen if you remove the device or disc before all fi
5. gt Use chkntfs chkhfs utilities with a f options to check the volume for errors and inconsistencies and fix them if any This is recommended approach see chkntfs or chkhfs 27 subsections gt Use force mount option see Dirty flag issues subsection 2 The disk is a GPT partitioned disk check GPT issues 3 subsection for more information 3 Follow other steps on the Mount toubleshooting 30 diagram to find the cause of the issue Analyze returned status and check output of dmesg tail In case of failure follow the Mount toubleshootinglao diagram to find possible causes and and try to mount the partition again using the same or different mount options if needed see Mount options 19 subsection If there is still a problem mounting the partition fill out Paragon s online request form from your user account so we could help you with the issue 4 2 Mounting NTFS HFS Partitions To gain access to a NTFS HFS partition use standard mount command with a file system type set to ufsd For example mount t ufsd dev sdbl mnt ntfs 4 3 Dirty flag issues Dirty flag is special feature implemented in most of the modern file systems including NTFS and HFS This flag is set after volume is mounted in read write mode and cleared after volume is correctly unmounted see notes on force mount option for more information 2013 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon ParaGon SOFTWARE GROUP
6. 7 8 insmod a module named as ufsd already exists That means driver have been loaded There is no need to load it again Driver status can be found by using the following command 1smod grep ufsd 7 9 can t mount NTFS HFS volume 1 Make sure that the driver is activated loaded into the Kernel 1smod grep ufsd 2 Make sure that the driver supports file system mounted partition is formatted with cat proc fs ufsd version 3 The volume is dirty Use chkntfs chkhfs utility with a f command line options to reset dirty flag Alternatively use force mount options to make the driver ignore dirty flag 7 10 Collecting logs using release build of the driver user Additional logs in the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver are used to collect information on driver s internal operations This information is very important for faster issue resolution In some cases with log files available reproduction of the issue at Paragon s lab is not needed at all that will save a lot of time Please collect logs and send them to Paragon together with issue report For easier logs collection on customer s side we have added trace functionality to the release ufsd ko driver module Driver settings related to logging Logs collection can be set up when driver is loaded into the platform with the insmod command during volume mount similar to the debug driver usage or manually via the proc files usage e insmod ufsd ko trace all lo
7. 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Option Mount options 20 Expected behavior and examples uid o uid USERID By default all files on a mounted NTFS HFS volume are owned by root By specifying the uid parameter you can set an owner of files The userid can be any name from etc passwd or any number representing a user id gid o gid GROUPID By default all files on a mounted NTFS HFS volume are owned by group root By specifying the gid parameter you can set a owner group of the files The groupid can be any name from etc group or any number representing a group id umask o umask VALUE The default permissions given to a mounted NTFS HFS volume are for security reasons The umask option controls these permissions for files directories created after the volume is mounted mount t ufsd dev hdal mnt ntfs_0 o umask 0222 fmask dmask o fmask VALUE o dmask VALUE umask option changes the permissions for new created files and directories fmask is applied to files dmask to directories that already exist on a mounted volume The effect of these options can be combined To mount Samba FTP or NFS shares the combination of umask 000 fmask 000 dmask 000 is usually specified ro bestcompr nobuf To mount an NTFS HFS volume in read only mode Instructs the driver to use highest compression level when writing
8. 15 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 Without dirty flag it is impossible to tell if given volume was correctly unmounted or not Detecting incorrectly unmounted volumes helps to detect possible errors as early as possible Thus this flag helps to preserve file system consistency Please note that even in case dirty flag is set on the volume file system is not necessarily corrupt Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux drivers version 8 support dirty flag on both NTFS and HFS By default driver refuses to mount volumes with dirty flag set Recommended course of action is to check the volume for errors and repair any inconsistencies found using chkntfs chkhfs utility with a command line options see Additional Utilities 23 section Run with a command line option the utilities check dirty flag state and in case it is set they performs all necessary checks If dirty flag is not set file system checking utilities exits immediately If f command line option is specified the utilities repair any errors or inconsistencies that they find and finally clear dirty flag This approach is similar to the way Windows and MacOS handle dirty volumes See corresponding sections on NTFS and HFS utilities and File system checking utilities return codes section for more information To make driver mount dirty volumes without checking for possible errors and correcting them force mount option can be used w
9. Customers and other people can get Paragon journal writing source code by sending letter to e mail support paragon software com 2013 Paragon Software Group
10. only include file system metadata the risk of leaking sensitive data when using fsdump is minimized Using Fsdump utility to capture metadata from NTFS HFS volumes Using Fsdump on Linux 1 Extract fsdump utility to a folder on the drive with at least 5 Gb free space 2 In terminal change to a folder where fsdump was extracted Type the following command fsdump path to partition gt volume metadata bin 3 This will create file named volume metadata bin containing file system structures that may be used to duplicate file system structure on another volume 4 Fsdump utility needs to access the partition directly so root permissions are required for this operation The partition must be unmounted before dumping metadata to file 2013 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon Paragon SOFTWARE GROUP 35 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 5 After binary image volume_metadata bin is ready calculate it s md5 check sum 6 Compress binary image to save time and traffic when uploading the file to our FTP server Image of average 100 Gb volume s metadata is around 145 Mb It gets compressed into 8 Mb file using gzip compression utility this information is for estimation only Output of fsdump utility may be redirected to gzip see example 2 below to compress the image on the fly 7 Send the image to our support service Using Fsdump to restore volume s state from fsdump dump file on Linux 1 Use info op
11. or disk is now ready to use If you removed the device or disk before all files were fully written to it parts of some files might still be missing If so go back to the source and recopy those files to your device or disk Volume dismounted All opened handles to this volume are now invalid Volume label is EssentialRED320GB CHKDSK is verifying files stage 1 of 3 4608 file records processed File verification completed 1 large file records processed 0 bad file records processed 0 EA records processed 0 reparse records processed CHKDSK is verifying indexes stage 2 of 3 5112 index entries processed Index verification completed CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors stage 3 of 3 4608 file SDs SIDs processed Security descriptor verification completed 253 data files processed CHKDSK is verifying Usn Journal Repairing Usn Journal file record segment 1310696 USN bytes processed Usn Journal verification completed Windows has made corrections to the file system 2013 Paragon Software Group s ParaGon SOFTWARE GROUP 43 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 In case there are no errors the following information is displayed Checking Disk Xtreamer E Your device or disc was successfully scanned A Hide details Close Volume label is Xtreamer CHKDSK is verifying files stage 1 of 3 4224 file records processed File verification completed 15 la
12. stdout Dump finished File size 11120640 bytes user ubuntu 9 1 Desktop utils statics B Example 2 Dumping metadata image through gzip to compress it on the fly user ubuntu 9 1 Desktop utils static File Edit View Terminal Help user ubuntu 9 1 Desktop utils static sudo fsdump dev sdal gzip gt sdal metadata gz Scanning NTFS Dumping dev sdal to stdout Dump finished File size 11120648 bytes user ubuntu 9 1 Desktop utils statics B 2013 Paragon Software Group UFSD driver compatibility PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com UFSD driver compatibility 38 This section describes file system features supported by Paragon NTFS amp HFS driver respectively 8 1 NTFS features Compressed files Reading and writing compressed files is fully supported in both sequential and random orders Encrypted files Encrypted files are read encrypted During copy operation file data streams will be copied encrypted with loss of decryption capability Alternate data streams When copying from NTFS to Linux FS all additional streams will not be copied along with compression flag and security attributes Hardlinks and symlinks Any link will be copied as a full file with its body losing link
13. unit size above 4096 b size Override the default block sector size Default settings are strongly recommended for general use One can use 512 1024 2048 4096 m size Override default MFT record size Default settings are strongly recommended for general use One can use 512 1024 2048 4096 f Force the format without confirmation s start Specify hidden sectors in the boot area g tracks sectors Specify disk geometry that should be written in the boot area tracks specifies number of tracks per disk side sectors specifies number of sectors per track The most popular geometries are e NORMAL 63 sectors per track and 15 16 tracks per 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Additional Utilities 24 cylinder e LBA 63 sectors per track and 255 tracks per cylinder In general Windows uses the LBA geometry g 255 63 If g is not specified the utility obtains geometry from OS winxp Create NTFS compatible with Windows XP default winvista Create NTFS compatible with Windows Vista win7 Create NTFS compatible with Windows 7 help Display this help trace Turn on UFSD trace verbose Explain what is being done nopercents Do not print percents during format process ve
14. AMBA SMB AFP etc can be disabled from the system s web interface Disable the services and retry unmounting the storage medium Notes e Windows system keeps SAMBA connection to the storage for several minutes Disable the connection and retry to unmount the storage medium For example in Windows XP it can be done from Disconnect network drive menu e g Me computer gt Tools gt Disconnect Network Drive menu If the volume couldn t be unmount with these steps use sync command to flush buffers to the storage medium before detaching it manually from the device 2013 Paragon Software Group Legal questions USER MANUAL SOFTWARE GROUP Yfiparacon Paragon 47 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 This section describes legal questions of using Paragon UFSD driver 10 1 NTFS legal questions Paragon UFSD driver is absolutely legal It does not violate any patents and or intellectual property rights It is well known that originally NTFS was very close to the HPFS file system developed by IBM HPFS was much more OPEN in terms of documentation support data structure and so on It helped us to gain a better understanding of its nature architecture and ideology The knowledge about NTFS we also have got has already been used for years inside our best seller product Paragon Partition Manager We have sold several million copies of Paragon Partition Manager all over the world The stability of the products
15. ARE GROUP Yfiparacon ParaGon 3 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 1 3 How UFSD works on Linux Modern operating systems are based on the concept of Installable File System drivers IFS User simply needs to provide an operating system with the proper file system driver to work with the file system in usual manner Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux includes NTFS and HFS drivers for Linux environment Once appropriate components of Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux are installed the operating system can mount these file systems and work with directories files stored on the file systems 1 4 Key Features Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 is released in the Express and Professional Editions All of the products share the following features e Transparent read write access to NTFS and HFS volumes single Kernel module provides support both NTFS and HFS file systems e High performance in some cases even better than Ext4 FS Easy installation and uninstallation assistant scripts e Support for the latest Linux Kernels and distributions Support for SMP kernels Support for iSCSI and SSD storages e No system degradation during data transfers e All NTFS versions supported e Unlimited file and volume size within NTFS HFS and Kernel limitations What s new in Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 e Support for modern Linux Kernels up to 3 11 x e Support for bd discard TRIM feature for iSCSI and SSD storage e Imp
16. Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 User Manual 2013 Paragon Software Group Genera ted 10 17 2013 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 User Guide Abstract This document covers implementation of NTFS and HFS file systems support in Linux operating systems using Paragon NTFS and HFS file system drivers Basic installation procedures are described Detailed mount options description is given File system creation formatting and checking utilities are described List of supported NTFS HFS features is given with limitations imposed by Linux There are also advanced troubleshooting section PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 User Guide O 2013 Paragon Software Group All rights reserved No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means graphic electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording taping or information storage and retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher Products that are referred to in this document may be either trademarks and or registered trademarks of the respective owners The publisher and the author make no claim to these trademarks While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document the publisher and t
17. The archive should be copied to the hard disk and decompressed Unpacking Setup Files For example For the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver and utilities e create separate folder mkdir usr tmp ufsd e change the current directory to the new one cd usr tmp ufsd e use tar utility to unpack initial archive tar xf path to the initial archive ufsd_ tar gz Next step is to build and install the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver Using the INSTALL SH Assistant Script The assistant script install sh provides the extremely easy and flexible way to make the NTFS amp HFS for Linux and install driver module in the system Additionally the script reconfigures OS so that driver module is automatically rebuilt for another supported Kernel version Professional edition only Please note that development tools and kernel sources are required to present on the system and stay in the default locations to build and install the drivers Installation Just run the install sh script with root privileges install sh or sudo install sh The assistant script will automatically perform the following actions 1 Detect the Linux Kernel version 2 Find kernel header files and libraries needed for building the drivers 3 Add service for rebuilding driver module for supported Kernels via the DKMS library Professional edition only 4 Build the driver and binary modules 5 Install the driver 6 Build and install additional
18. The memory allocated for Buffers is normally reclaimed by kernel when Kernel or an application needs to allocate some memory for private use The real time report on memory allocated by our driver for operations on specific partition that is currently mounted is available in line 2 of file proc fs ufsd lt block_device_name gt volinfo Peak amount of memory allocated by UFSD driver when mounting NTFS volume is around 250 KB The amount then reduced to 40 KB after mount operation is completed For more information about Kernel memory consumption please see the article http www rt embedded com blog archives linux memory consumption where more details can be founded on the content of proc meminfo file and also on Kernel approach to RAM utilization 9 7 Why the disk can t be dismounted When you try to dismount the disk with the amount command the volume is reported busy and can t be unmounted Why This issue can happen when there are working processes that are still using the volume Therefore there are several options to remove the conditions that prevent the storage medium from being unmounted 1 Check if it is possible to safely unmount the storage using the system s web interface 2 Check if support for external storage can be disabled from the system s web interface Disable the services and retry unmounting the storage medium 3 Check if the various file media sharing services like multimedia S
19. as far as NTFS related operations are concerned says for itself about the stability of the NTFS technology at all Thus having a pretty good idea about what the HPFS file system is we may understand the way NTFS functions Applying to the other sources of information like Linux drivers for NTFS and debugging Windows applications we ve documented NTFS structures from within and finally created the Universal File System Driver While developing Paragon UFSD driver we always stuck to the following rules 1 We never applied to any confidential Microsoft NTFS stuff docs codes etc and the reverse engineering approach for MS code 2 Open sources are the only thing we used E g from www ntfs com we got the great part of our NTFS knowledge and understanding 3 NTFS as a file system as well as on disk layout is not patented and not documented 10 2 HFS legal questions Paragon UFSD is absolutely legal It does not violate any patents and or intellectual property rights HFS specifications are openly published by Apple Corporation on http developer apple com GPL statement Paragon journal writing source code for the HFS file system is based on Journaling Block Device 2 JBD2 implementation in Linux Kernel and released under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 http www gnu org licenses gpl 2 0 html Paragon journal writing implementation for the HFS file system is built as a single kernel module jn1 ko
20. b attributes To see more verbose output on minor errors use showminors command line option when running chkntfs For an example output please see the log below chkntfs showminors dev sda2 WARNING f parameter not specified Running chkntfs in read only mode Checking Volume dev sda2 Verifying 1680 records UpCase file is formatted for use in Windows NT 2K XP Verifying 161 folders minor error latime in index 0x5 gt admin minor error latime in index 0xb Extend gt Reparse minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt EZ TALK doc minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt Fedora 13 i686 Live KDE minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt Fedora 13 x86 64 Live minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt FEDORA 1 minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt FEDORA 2 minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt FTP login information doc minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt Reports minor error latime in index Ox1lf public gt 2 K M b minor error latime in index 0x1f public gt 1 minor error mdtime chtime latime in index 0x5bd restore FB5EFA8E F7E1 4999 B498 21EECOCF7124 gt RP83 minor error latime in index 0x676 mungchacha com LC Kung Fu Dunk gt DISC2 DAT bc minor error latime in index 0x676 mungchacha com LC Kung Fu Dunk gt DISC2D 1 BC Verifying files security
21. can be enabled when driver module is loaded into the Kernel insmod ufsd ko trace all log tmp ufsd log If NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver is already loaded into the system logs collection can be enabled e using the proc file interface echo tmp ufsd_trace log gt proc fs ufsd log echo all gt proc fs ufsd trace using mount command options mount the test volume adding the following options to the list of mount options used on your system o trace all log path to log file on non ufsd mounted volume After NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver logs are enabled perform reproduction steps for the issue so driver operations are written into the log file After the issue is reproduced unmount the volume unload ufsd ko and jn1 ko driver modules to flush and close log file compress driver s log file and send it to Paragon along with the issue report and log of reproduction steps Use case examples e When issue reproduction takes a lot of time but platform is halted after it happens e g in case of the Kernel panic issues additional cycle lt log file size gt mount option are 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Troubleshooting 34 recommended for usage so UFSD logs are added to the file of the fixed si
22. ch also reduces CPU load thus improving performance as there s no need for FS driver to invoke disk space allocation routines each time small block should be appended to a file UFSD version 8 5 has transparent feature called delayed allocation available on 2 6 X Kernel versions with writeback_inodes_sb if idle routine see delalloc 9 mount option to prevent fragmentation even in case writes are performed in small chunks For this feature to work the system must have enough memory for disk file cache and write operations 2013 Paragon Software Group SOFTWARE GROUP ParaGon 45 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 must be performed in buffered mode 9 6 Why a lot of memory is used for volume mounting Let me describe what s going on when UFSD driver mounts volumes First of all the driver must read file system boot record and after verifying it it must also read some metadata from the mounted volume namely parts of M t and the entire Bitmap metafile For example if the volume has Bitmap of 74 MB the driver has to read not less than 74MB to mount it When our driver reads data from disk Kernel keeps the data cached in memory The amount of memory that Kernel allocates for I O buffers is printed in line 3 of proc meminfo file Buffers XXXX kB It s up to Kernel to decide how much memory to allocate for I O buffers this can be tuned via Kernel metafiles please see the link below for more information
23. check HFS partition for integrity and fix errors e Debug utility Fsdumpls4 utility debug utility for collecting volume metadata image 2013 Paragon Software Group System requirements PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com System requirements 6 This topic highlights requirements to hardware and software that may be used to run Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver 2 1 Hardware requirements Minimum hardware requirements e Processor Intel Pentium 300 MHz and higher or compatible e both 32 and 64 bit CPUs are supported e 16MB of RAM Due to unique technology our NTFS amp HFS for Linux drivers have low system requirements For example it is enough for our driver to have 500KB of free RAM to work with NTFS partitions larger than 250 GB NTFS amp HFS Kernel modules occupy around 700 Kb of RAM Real life values 200 Kb maximum while executing 5 commands like dd if dev zero of mnt sdal test bs 1M count 1000 amp in background 516 Kb maximum while executing rsync r home mnt sdal command 17 Mb maximum while compiling bench test on Desktop Linux system in virtual environment using NTFS file system a file tree with a size about 220 Mb was created and patched simulating Linux Kernel installation process RAM consumption depe
24. cified codepages exist on the system the default codepage will be used again This option informs the driver how to interpret path strings and translate them to Unicode and back Up to 8 different Senasa code pages can be specified The driver tries to use the codepages or from specified list in order until it manages to translate all the ale characters in the string If none of the specified codepages allows to or translate all the characters Kernel s default codepages is used codepage Note Paragon driver uses extended UTF 8 for Unicode number U 10000 characters support when utf8 is specified Codepage nls and iocharset mount option must be used in the form codepage nls cp iocharset cp Examples codepage 950 nls cp950 iocharset cp950 O nocase All file and directory operations open find rename are case nocase insensitive Casing is preserved in the names of existing files and directories o showmeta showmeta Use this parameter to show all meta files System Files on a mounted NTFS HFS partition By default all meta files are hidden o noatime All files and directories will not update their last access time attribute if a NTFS HFS partition is mounted with this parameter This option can speed up file system operation noatime 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0
25. compressed files High CPU load Disables buffered read write operations for metadata and directories Useful option for embedded device with little memory lt 64MB Note this option is not supported on driver versions 8 2 and higher sparse Create new files as sparse This feature allows creating holes inside new created files avoids filling unwritten space with zeroes This option is not recommended in case NTFS partition is used for BitTorrent downloads force Not recommended for use Forces the driver to mount partitions even if dirty flag volume dirty is set It is recommended to use Paragon or OS specific file system checking utility before mounting dirty partitions to reset the dirty flag Note that if dirty volume was mounted with force mount option dirty flag will not be cleared when volume is unmounted using umount command 2013 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon Paragon SOFTWARE GROUP 21 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 Option Expected behavior and examples Files with the Windows specific HIDDEN attribute will not be shown nohidden under Linux sys immutabl Files with the Windows specific SYSTEM attribute will be marked as e system immutable files Support POSIX ACLs Access Control Lists Effective if supported by aci Kernel acl 1 0 The option specified as acl or acl 1 enables support for POSIX ACLs ac1 0 disables it
26. ecommended to write your commands with several options like mount t ufsd o option A option B option C device mount point 9 5 Does the driver have an optimization for avoiding data fragmentation We use the driver for recording video data This writes a huge amount of small data packs to the hard drive Can you tell me if the driver has an optimization for avoiding data fragmentation Or will this cause a strong fragmentation to the hard disk As of UFSD version 8 4 level of fragmentation mostly depends on number of files that are written to a volume simultaneously In case only one file is written with small chunks of data no fragmentation will occur beyond fragmentation caused by fragmentation of free space already existing on the volume In case several files are written simultaneously fragmentation will occur if no counter measures are taken One of possible countermeasures is to allocate large continuous chunks of disk space for files by using fallocate fd FALLOC_FL KEEP SIZE This routine allocates disk space for file but does not change file size Before closing the file one could call ftruncate to reclaim disk space that was allocated but was not written to but that is up to developer to decide whether it is needed to reclaim the unwritten space maybe the allocated space will be used in future write sessions e g as in P2P network client software when downloading large files during several sessions This approa
27. eiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Introduction 2 1 1 Historical review Historically different operating systems supported different file systems Sharing files among different platforms was not an easy task For instance documents that were created in Windows and are stored on NTFS partitions may be inaccessible under Linux because Linux does not include full support for NTFS For example open source NTFS 3G NTFS driver does not support random write access to compressed files Paragon NTFS amp HFS driver for Linux solves these problems now everyone can access NTFS and HFS partitions from Linux in a usual manner with maximum performance and reliability The driver allows mounting NTFS and HFS partitions so that programs may work transparently with these mounted partitions browse contents open documents run applications work with existing files delete copy modify and create new ones Paragon combined NTFS amp HFS driver for Linux is commercial Linux driver for local access to NTFS and HFS volumes It supports full read write access The driver is a Kernel module which guarantees rapid and transparent access to supported file systems Mount volumes manually or insert into fstab and NTFS HFS partitions will be available like any other directory tree Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux Professional also includes useful additional utilit
28. g tmp ufsd log mount t ufsd o trace all log tmp ufsd trace log echo tmp ufsd trace log gt proc fs ufsd log echo all gt proc fs ufsd trace where trace level of tracing messages possible values are all vfs or hex value can be used e g Oxffffffff log path to log file Trace and log parameters can be verified and changed on the fly while NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver is in use via proc interface 2013 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon Paragon SOFTWARE GROUP 33 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 e Trace option To verify current settings for the trace option use the proc fs ufsd trace metafile cat proc fs ufsd trace all To change trace settings use the echo command to provide new value echo vfs gt proc fs ufsd trace cat proc fs ufsd trace vfs Log option is altered the same way To verify current settings for the log option use the proc fs ufsd log metafile cat proc fs ufsd log tmp ufsd_trace log To change log settings use the echo command to provide new value echo root ufsd_trace log gt proc fs ufsd log cat proc fs ufsd log root ufsd_trace log Collecting driver logs Please note that log file must not be stored on any volume that is mounted using Paragon driver because that will cause infinite recursion and then stack overflow If NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver module ufsd ko is loaded into the platform manually logs collection
29. g in as root This step is obligatory 2 Build and install the NTFS A HFS driver using install sh script Alternatively driver binary module may be built manually using configure make driver commands 3 Install the NTFS amp HFS driver this step will make the modules available for use 4 Activating loading the driver After building and installing the NTFS amp HFS driver can be referenced as universal file system driver ufsd when mounting NTFS and HFS partitions The steps 1 3 should be made only once while the step 4 is the standard way of using file system drivers in Linux environment NTFS amp HFS for Linux include a set of assistant script files for the simplification of building installing and uninstalling procedures Note that these assistant scripts may fail to work in customized Linux configurations or unsupported Linux distributions Use install sh and uninstall sh script files to install and uninstall correspondingly NTFS amp HFS driver and utilities The sections below describe the installation procedure in details 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Installation 10 The setup files of the Linux based version of the NTFS amp HFS for Linux are provided in the form of a gzip archive
30. he author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document Printed October 2013 in Freiburg Germany We welcome your feedback Special thanks to Please send your feedback to All the people who contributed to this document either by writing text developing solutions to sales paragon software com various issues performing tests collecting or use your User account with information or by requested support from our Paragon Software team To our customers who continue to support us and help us to improve the product by constantly demanding more Yfiparacon ParaGon SOFTWARE GROUP Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 Table of Contents Part Introduction 2 1 Historical Te VIO Wives 2 2 Paragon UFSD technology ennn nn nnmnnn na 2 A How UFSD works on Linux 3 4 Key FeatuUres eiit tiere re Itin ee reco cron Ire oic cero rece 3 Part Il System requirements 6 1 Hardware requirements a ria 6 2 Software requirements 6 Part Ill Installation 9 Ulla ee E 9 2 COMPONONES sceee
31. hile it is not recommended This way dirty flag is not cleared and any possibly existing errors or inconsistencies are not fixed Dirty flag will remain set until volume is checked for errors using Paragon chkntfs chkhfs with f command line option or using Windows chkdsk utility with f switch or MacOS Disk Utility for NTFS and HFS volumes respectively 4 4 GPT issues Some Linux Kernels do not behave correctly when there is EFI partition on GPT partitioned devices This is most often the case with HDDs partitioned using MacOS Disk Utility This leads to seemingly wrong operation of UFSD driver s that refuse to mount partition In that case FDISK may report that there is only one EFI partition on the device ignoring some or all of the following NTFS and or HFS partition s To work around the issue attention must be paid to volume type reported by fdisk 1 command on GUID partitioned disks Example 4 fdisk 1 Disk dev sda 80 0 GB 80026361856 bytes 255 heads 63 sectors track 9729 cylinders Units cylinders of 16065 512 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System dev sdal 1 9730 78150743 ee EFI GPT fdisk reports that dev sda only contains single EFI partition that spans via entire disk EFI partitions are formatted as FAT32 and therefore cannot be mounted by NTFS HFS driver s Nevertheless mounting partition dev sda2 to mnt hda succeedes mount t ufsd dev sda2 mnt hda And after that
32. ies that provide the ability to check integrity and create NTFS HFS volumes 1 2 Paragon UFSD technology UFSD Universal File System Driver is an unique technology developed by Paragon Software to provide full access read write format etc to volumes of the popular file systems NTFS FAT Ext2Fs Ext3Fs HFS HFS etc under various platforms including Windows Linux Mac OS X etc in case these file systems are not otherwise supported UFSD technology provides access directly to the physical devices that is why it can process partitions regardless of their support by the current Operating System OS With UFSD it is possible to mount NTFS and HFS partitions under Linux thus getting access to its contents just the way it is implemented in the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver and the technology also allows direct access via physical device addressing the way it is implemented in the driver too Paragon UFSDs are designed to be readily integrated into any solution using our UFSD Software Development Kit UFSD SDK which includes all of the necessary tools to develop applications with the following main features e Access to un mounted partitions i e drive letter not assigned e Access to other file systems that normally would not be supported by the operating system e Platform independent UFSD API Note NTFS and HFS drivers for Linux as well as utilities were written using UFSD SDK 2013 Paragon Software Group SOFTW
33. in this case 4 Remove all binary and source files of the driver 5 Uninstall utilities for Professional version only O 2013 Paragon Software Group Using The Driver PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Using The Driver 14 After building and installing the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver it can be automatically loaded at the system startup The driver allows to mount supported partitions and provides access to their whole contents 4 1 Getting started The goal of this section is to help quickly find out how to use the product lt describes general approach to mounting partitions using UFSD file system driver and helps to avoid common issues We strongly recommend reading this section before starting using our driver To mount volume using UFSD driver standard mount command is used with File System FS type set to ufsd e g mount t ufsd dev sdal mnt sdal After this command is executed there can be several mount scenarios for a disk for more information see Mount toubleshootingl30 subsection e The disk is clean without any errors mounted by the driver and ready to use e Disk can t be mounted In this case can be several scenarios 1 Disk has dirty flag set for more information see Dirty flag issues subsection
34. information Maximum filename length NTFS stores filenames in UTF 16 encoding This may cause trouble when very long filenames containing non latin characters are used and UTF 8 is selected as default Kernel codepage 8 2 HFS features This section describes features of HFS file system supported by the driver Case sensitivity Both case sensitive and case instensitive types of HFS file system are supported Alternate data streams forks During file copy operation using cp command on Linux only data fork is copied 2013 Paragon Software Group Frequently Asked Questions PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Frequently Asked Questions 40 9 1 What are minor errors reported by chkntfs utility Most of information about files times sizes attributes in NTFS is duplicated and triplicated Minor error means that copies does not match original E g latime means last access time The native chkdsk from Microsoft does not show these mismatches and fixes it silently if f is specified see http technet microsoft com en us library cc959914 aspx Paragon chkntfs utility can also find the following minor errors mdtime modification time chtime last change time asize data allocated size dsize data size attri
35. inor errors no orphans Do not restore real orphan files trace Turn on UFSD trace verbose Explain what is being done nopercents Do not print percents during checking process version Show version and exit Description chkntfs creates and displays a status report about a NTFS file system Chkntfs also lists and corrects errors on the disk if any flag must be specified Note when no orphans option is used real orphan files will be deleted Without this option chkntfs restores real orphan files to found XXX folders Screenshots Verifying and fixing errors on the specified partition Files verification completed Verifying meta files Meta files verification completed Verifying SUpCase Verifying SVolume Verifying folders Folders verification completed Verifying SBitmap Volume is checked No problem found root localhost B AS E Shell 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Additional Utilities 26 6 2 HFS utilities There are 2 additional utilities for HFS file system e mkht sl26 format any partition as HFS under Linux e chkhfs 27 check HFS partition for integrity and optionally fix errors 6 2 1 mkhtfs MKHFS Utility Create an HFS vol
36. les have been written to it i gt Scan and fix recommended This will prevent future problems when copying files to this device or disc Continue without scanning After user clicks Scan and fix recommended scan process begins Checking Disk EssentialRED320GB F Ex Check disk options Automatically fix file system errors Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors 4810 index entries processed 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Frequently Asked Questions 42 After checking is completed the following summary window is displayed Some problems were found and fixed Any files that were affected by these problems were moved to a folder named Found on the device or disk Your device or disk is now ready to use If you removed the device or disk before all files were fully written to it parts of some files might still be missing If so go back to the source and recopy those files to your device or disk After user clicks Details the window is expanded and more detailed information is displayed to the user Some problems were found and fixed Any files that were affected by these problems were moved to a folder named Found on the device or disk Your device
37. m Chkhfs also lists and corrects errors on the disk if any flag must be specified 2013 Paragon Software Group ER MANUAL SOFTWARE GROUP Yfiparacon ParaGon 29 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 This section highlights troubleshooting processes 7 1 Troubleshooting processes Step 1 Consult Documentation Please consult documentation to make sure that encountered behavior is not by design with special attention given to the part related to installation testing and troubleshooting as well as to section on System requirements s Please also review Mount toubleshooting 30 and Using The Driverl14l subsection Step 2 Make sure the issue is not related to Linux itself Now make sure that root cause of the issue is not related to Linux itself For example if an issue is discovered while performing certain file system related operation on a volume mounted with Paragon NTFS amp HFS driver make sure the same issue is not observed when the same operation is performed on native file system like Ext2fs Ext3fs or FAT except of course for operations specific to NTFS or HFS file systems or to Paragon s driver itself e g IOCTLs additional utilities and so on Step 3 Prepare to report the issue After performing previous steps and making sure that the issue is related to Paragon NTFS amp HFS driver prepare to report the issue to Paragon Collect all information on the issue The most imp
38. mount command issued without arguments lists among others mounted partition dev sda2 that was not listed by fdisk 1 marked with red below dev root on type squashfs ro none on dev type devfs rw 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Using The Driver 16 none on proc type proc rw nodiratime devpts on dev pts type devpts rw none on sys type sysfs rw none on tmp type ramfs rw dev mtdblock 2 on usr local etc type yaffs rw noatime dev rd 0 on mnt rd type vfat rw nodiratime fmask 0022 dmask 0022 codepage cp437 iocharset iso8859 1 dev sda2 on mnt hda type ufsd rw nodiratime nls iso8859 1 uid 0 gid 0 fmask 22 dmask 22 nocase dev scsi host2 bus0 target0 lun0 partl on tmp usbmounts sdbl type ufsd ro nodiratime nls utf8 uid 0 gid 0 fmask 0 dmask 0 Older Linux kernels do not support GPT at all To work around this issue Paragon NTFS amp HFS driver for Linux can read and parse GUID partitioning table and use it to mount the first HFS partition on that disk To mount the first HFS volume on GPT disk the following command may be used mount t ufsd dev sda mnt hda Please note that entire disk device is specified instead of specific partition This approach may onl
39. nds first of all on whole amount of memory available in the system If it is low then the driver wouldn t keep a lot of descriptors opened to keep the memory usage at minimum 2 2 Software requirements Supported Linux kernels e Linux with kernel versions 2 6 15 and newer e Linux with kernel versions up to 3 11 x NTFS amp HFS driver was tested with Kernels up to 3 11 3 Linux distributions the products were tested with e Ubuntu 13 04 e Debian 7 1 e Fedora 19 e CenOS 6 4 e OpenSuse 12 3 e ArchLinux 2013 10 01 2013 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon ParaGon SOFTWARE GROUP 7 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 e Slackware 14 0 e Linux Mint 15 4 e PCLinux OS 2013 10 Development Environment A development environment is required to compile Linux drivers and utilities Please verify that these tools are all functional The easiest way is to choose the developer toolkit when installing Linux What must be installed e Kernel source code recommended or Kernel header files doesn t always work rpm qa grep kernel devel for RPM based kernel sources e GNU C compiler GCC gcc version GNU C compiler g for Professional version only g version e GNU Make make version GNU ld binutils ld version e Modutils module init tools insmod V e DKMS library dkms version Limitations e GNU C compiler gcc version 3 3 or higher is required e The use
40. ompare it with the sent file size 2 Check md5 sum of the received binary file 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Troubleshooting 3 Fsdump utility doesn t parse partition scheme of the disk which is used for collecting metadata information The utility only operates on a given partition For fsdump to access necessary partition s on the storage medium partitioning scheme used on the storage medium must be supported by the host operating system most popular partitioning schemes are Master boot record MBR Apple partition map APM GUID Partition Table GPT 4 The same partition on the same storage medium may appear to have different number of partitions when used with different operating systems e g Windows Linux Therefore one may need to use different partition numbers e g sdX3 or sdX4 instead of seemingly correct sdX2 When on Linux it is recommended to check size of partitions using parted or gparted utility before using fsdump Linux Examples Example 1 Dumping metadata image to file user ubuntu 9 1 Desktop utils static File Edit View Terminal Help user ubuntu 9 1 Desktop utils static sudo fsdump dev sdal gt sdal metadata Scanning NTFS Dumping dev sdal to
41. ortant point in issue resolution process is quickly obtaining all the information related to the issue Quick collection of required information is the key to resolving an issue faster Step 4 Assist Paragon engineers to resolve the issue quickly Please provide any firmware updates required to reproduce the issue together with information on how to upgrade firmware in your hardware samples Try to provide as detailed information on the issue as possible 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Troubleshooting 30 Use our mount troubleshooting diagram for faster mount issue resolution 7 2 Mount toubleshooting START Load driver Connect disk Recognize partitions an clean eine AILURE chkntfs chkhfs a f CHECK amp FIX heck volume e 7 Use force Dirty partition YES or make driver mount dirty ORCE mount option volume NO issues section SUCCESS NO Reinstall driver KERNEL 4K CAPABLE o UPDATE KERNEL COLLECT INFORMATION AND REQUEST SUPPORT FROM PARAGON SOFTWARE 7 3 The install sh script can t find kernel sources 1 Read system requirements section make sure all tools are functional For more information please read kernel documentation 2 Linux kernel mu
42. r should login as root to install the drivers and utilities e Correct operation is not guaranteed for customized Linux kernels Commercial porting service to customized Linux kernels is available from Paragon Software Group for more information send e mail to sales paragon software com 2013 Paragon Software Group IVNNVIN 43SN Installation SOFTWARE GROUP Yfiparacon Paragon 9 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 This section describes workflows related to installing and using Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver 3 1 Shipment The setup files for each product of the family are provided as the downloadable TGZ archives which can be downloaded from the company site 3 2 Components The package includes the following components e Source files for the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver e Assistant script files which are purposed to simplify the installation and uninstallation routines e Source files for additional utilities for Professional edition only e Source files for DKMS library support for Professional edition only Paragon NTFS amp HFS Linux driver and utilities must be compiled on the end user s system for correct configuration By installing the software you accept the terms of End User License Agreement listed in License file 3 3 Installing the Drivers First NTFS amp HFS driver must be built and installed Steps to install the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver are as follows 1 Lo
43. rge file records processed 0 bad file records processed 0 EA records processed 0 reparse records processed CHKDSK is verifying indexes stage 2 of 3 5246 index entries processed Index verification completed 0 unindexed files processed CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors stage 3 of 3 4224 security descriptors processed Security descriptor verification completed 511 data files processed Windows has checked the file system and found no problems 488384000 KB total disk space 288367428 KB in 2938 files 944 KB in 513 indexes 85088 KB in use by the system 65536 KB occupied by the log file 199930540 KB available on disk 4096 bytes in each allocation unit 122096000 total allocation units on disk 49982635 allocation units available on disk 9 3 Recently changed file has its modification time a few hours ahead of or behind the current system time Why This offset occurs due to the fact that NTFS stores file times as UTC time in contrast to FAT that stores local time and the system might not have time zone setting that can be read by C library and then used to convert file times reported by Kernel to local time Consequently if a file is written to an NTFS volume on Windows with time zone set to say UTC 8 and then the volume is connected to the Linux system C library reports values provided by Kernel as is without converting them to local time However if a file is modified on the Linux
44. roved HFS journal support e Improved installation script e Support DKMS library usage NTFS specific features e NTFS versions 1 2 3 0 and 3 1 Windows NT 4 0 2000 XP 2003 Vista 7 Windows 8 e Support for compressed files random access for reading and writing with no limitations e Sparse files HFS specific features e Both case sensitive and case instensitive types of HFS file system are supported e During file copy operation using cp command on Linux only data fork is copied 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Introduction NTFS compatibility information File system version NTFS version 1 2 NTFS version 3 0 NTFS version 3 1 Comments Originates from Microsoft Windows NT 4 0 Originates from Microsoft Windows 2000 Originates from Microsoft Windows XP 2003 Vista 7 and 8 Additional features of the Professional Edition e Full support of the native HFS journal e Support for the DKMS library e Additional NTFS utilities mkntfs 23 utility format any partition as NTFS under Linux chkntfs 24 utility check NTFS partition integrity and fix errors e Additional HFS utilities mkhtfs 28 utility format any partition as HFS under Linux chkhfsl27 utility
45. rsion Show the version and exit Description mkntfs is a standalone utility that allows to format NTFS partitions under Linux It is used to create a NTFS 1 2 3 0 3 1 Windows NT 4 0 2000 XP 2003 Vista 7 8 file system on a device usually a disk partition Note mkntfs doesn t change the MBR Master Boot Record when formatting a partition Therefore most of Linux commands like fdisk l will be unable to determine that partition s files system was changed to NTFS Screenshots Making NTFS partition localhost Srel Session Edit View Bookmarks Settings Help root localhost mkntfs v MyNTFS a 2048 fc dev hdb2 WARNING ALL DATA ON DEVICE dev hdb2 3 01 Gb WILL BE LOST Proceed with Format y n y Verifying Volume Cluster size Formatting Volume New label OK root localhost I 8 Shell 6 1 2 chkntfs CHKNTFS utility performs consistency checking of NTFS volumes and optionally fixes errors Synopsis chkntfs options device 2013 Paragon Software Group SOFTWARE GROUP Yfiparacon ParaGon 25 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 E g chkntfs f dev hdbl Options f Fix errors on the disk a Perform checks only if dirty flag is set h Display this help m size Memory limit used by the utility short Minimum file system check safe Errors are not fixed dirty flag is cleared if no errors found showminors Show m
46. st be configured correctly 3 Make sure that you have kernel sources for example in the usr src linux x x xx directory where x x xx is your kernel version for example 2 6 10 Type uname r in the command line to know your current kernel version 4 Create a symbolic link from the usr src linux x x xx directory to usr src linux To create the link type ln s usr src linux uname r usr src linux 2013 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon ParaGon SOFTWARE GROUP 31 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 5 Make sure that you have the config x x xx file for the booted Linux kernel in the boot directory If you haven t the config x x xx file then type 1n s usr src linux uname r config boot config uname r to create a symbolic link to the config file Note There are cases when the kernel sources may be located in other directories In these cases you should create a symbolic link to usr src linux for example 1n s lib modules uname r build usr src linux If you still have the same problem i e the install sh script can t find the kernel sources it is better to rebuild your kernel or download and build a stable kernel from the www kernel org site 7 4 Can t compile the NTFS HFS for Linux driver 1 Read System requirements section make sure all tools are functional For more information please read kernel documents 2 Linux kernel must be configured correctly 3 The boot directory mu
47. st contain the config kernel version file If the file is missing you should execute the following command 1n s usr src linux uname r config boot config uname r 7 5 Can t load module message at the end of installation 1 Make sure that you use the same version of GCC compiler that was used for kernel compilation 2 Make sure that the Makefile of the kernel you can find the Makefile in the directory where the kernel sources are located have the correct kernel version at the beginning of the file For example if your loaded kernel version is 2 6 11 6mdksmp then the following lines must be found at the beginning of the Makefile VERSION 2 PATCHLEVEL 6 SUBLEVEL 11 EXTRAVERSION 6mdksmp 7 6 ufsd Module kernel module version mismatch That means kernel version mismatch 1 Check kernel source version in usr src linux include linux version h 2 Check the currently running kernel version uname r 3 Both version must match 4 If they don t match please restore Kernel configuration or recompile kernel advanced 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Troubleshooting 32 7 7 ufsd Module create_module operation is not permitted That means you must have root privilege to load driver
48. standard Linux command mount allows choosing the character set that is used for the 2013 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon Paragon SOFTWARE GROUP 17 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 filenames translation the codepage charset nls parameter is used for this purpose Examples 1 Mounting a partition mkdir mnt test mount t ufsd dev sda6 mnt test 2 Dismounting a partition umount mnt test 3 Mounting partition in read only mode mount t ufsd o ro dev sda6 mnt test 4 Choosing character set to be used with NTFS HFS when mounting partitions manually mount t ufsd o nls utf8 dev sdbl mnt test For more information on mount options please refer to the Mount options i9 sub section 2013 Paragon Software Group Mount options USER MANUAL Yfiparacon ParaGon SOFTWARE GROUP 19 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 This section describes mount options for mounting supported file system partitions 5 1 Mount options SYNOPSYS mount t ufsd o options device mount point Option Expected behavior and examples o iocharset NAME1 iocharset NAME2 o nls NAME1 nls NAME2 o codepage NAME1 codepage NAME2 The NTFS HFS file systems store all file directory names in Unicode format UTF 16 which can represent any character from any language In case none of these options is set the default codepage will be used CONFIG NLS DEFAULT If none of the spe
49. system its modification time is written to the file system as system s current time 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Frequently Asked Questions 44 and then it is reported correctly In the latter case after the file modified on the Linux system is brought back to the Windows machine with its local time zone set to UTC 8 the file s modification time will be reported 8 hours ahead of current time assuming that current time is the same on the Linux system and Windows PC There is bias mount option see Mount Options 9l subsection that allows to work around the issue on systems that do not have time zone setting readable by C standard library first introduced in version 8 1 023 However we recommend that time zone setting that can be used by C standard library to convert time values is added to the Linux system 9 4 Why does mount option A make driver ignore mount option B When you mount disk with several mount options driver may ignore some of them Why This issue can happen when mount command is used with several options coded like mount t ufsd o option A option B o option C device mount point In this case driver may ignore options A and B when mounting disk with option C To prevent this possibility it is r
50. the current Kernel one should dismount all NTFS HFS partitions mounted with the driver uninstall the drivers and unload binary modules from the Kernel NTFS amp HFS for Linux provides tools for the drivers utilities uninstall automation The assistant script uninstall sh completely removes the drivers utilities from the system including unmounting all NTFS HFS partitions Using the UNINSTALL SH Assistant Script The assistant script uninstall sh provides the extremely easy and flexible way to deactivate and remove the drivers and utilities from the system The script performs the correct deactivation uninstallation and the complete removing of the driver s and utilities files Uninstalling Just run the uninstall sh script uninstall sh The assistant script will automatically perform the following actions 1 Unmount all currently mounted NTFS HFS partitions If some NTFS HFS partitions are in use the script for the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver will not unmount these partitions The 2013 Paragon Software Group PARAGON Technologie GmbH Systemprogrammierung Heinrich von Stephan Str 5c 79100 Freiburg Germany Tel 49 0 761 59018201 Fax 49 0 761 59018130 www paragon software com sales paragon software com Installation 12 2 Deactivate the driver modules If the drivers is still in use the further script execution is aborted 3 Uninstall the drivers further script execution is aborted
51. tion of Fsdump utility to report information about the image number of used sectors sector size and full volume size fsdump volume metadata bin info lt FS_NAME gt lt BBBBBBBBB gt lt CCCCC gt x lt SSS gt lt VVVVV gt Gb where FS NAME file system name NTFS or HFS lt BBBBBBBBBBB gt volume size in bytes hexadecimal lt CCCCC gt volume size in sectors hexadecimal lt SSS gt sector size in bytes hexadecimal lt vvvvv gt volume size in Gbytes 2 Convert volume size and sector size to decimal numeration ccccc d and sss d 3 Prepare a disk with MBR partitioning scheme parted s dev sda mklabel msdos 4 Prepare partition of the needed size It is not necessary to format the partition parted s dev sda mkpart primary 64s 63 lt CCCCC_d gt s 5 Use fsdump utility on the partition redirecting standard input from fsdump dump file opposite to capturing file system s metadata fsdump dev sdal lt volume metadata bin Notes e Volume size lt BBB gt calculates as a multiply of volume size in blocks lt ccc gt and block size lt sss gt Volume size in Gbytes lt vvv gt could be even or less then the calculated volume size in bytes lt BBB gt depending on the file system e Any partitioning utility can be used for disk partition preparation Parted utility for Linux is used only as an example Troubleshooting 1 Check the size of the received file and c
52. ume on a partition Name mkhfs create an HFS volume on specified block device under Linux OS Synopsis mkhfs options device E g mkhfs j dev hdb1 Options v label Specify the volume label a size Override the default allocation unit size Default settings are strongly recommended for general use HFS supports 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16K 32K and 64K z gt Description mkhfs is a standalone utility that allows to format HFS partitions under Linux It is used to create an HFS file system on a device usually a disk partition O 2013 Paragon Software Group Yfiparacon ParaGon SOFTWARE GROUP 27 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 6 2 2 chkhfs CHKHFS Utility Perform consistency checks on an HFS volume Name chkhfs provide consistency checking of a HFS volume and fix errors Synopsis chkhfs options device E g chkhfs f dev hdbl Options f Fix errors on the disk a Perform checks only if dirty flag is set m size Memory limit used by the utility h Display this help safe Errors are not fixed dirty flag is cleared if no errors found Show minor errors showminors trace Turn on UFSD trace verbose Explain what is being done m Do not print percents during nopercents checking process version Show the version and exit Description chkhfs creates and displays a status report about a HFS file syste
53. utilities Professional edition only 2013 Paragon Software Group SOFTWARE GROUP Yfiparacon Paragon 11 Paragon NTFS amp HFS for Linux 8 9 user localhost ufsd File Edit View Search Terminal Help user localhost ufsd sudo install sh By installing this software you accept the terms of End User License Agreement 1 isted in License file Continue installing yes no read yes Searching and removing previously installed UFSD driver in lib modules 3 9 10 1 00 fc17 i686 PAE Would you like UFSD driver to rebuild after kernel updates yes no yes Setting DKMS configuration Preparing to install Building and installing driver to kernel 3 9 10 100 fc17 i686 PAE Driver was installed to system Setting driver autoload at system startup Would you like to install NTFS HFS utilites yes no yes Making NTFS HFS utilites Installing NTFS HFS utilites Utilites installed Installation complete user localhost ufsd lsmod grep ufsd ufsd 709102 0 jnl 31227 1 ufsd user localhost ufsd INSTALL SH default mode for the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver e The assistant script install sh always names the NTFS amp HFS for Linux driver module as ufsd it is the abbreviation of the project name Universal File System Driver Now you can mount any NTFS HFS partition mount t ufsd lt device gt lt mount_point gt 3 4 Uninstalling the Drivers To completely remove the drivers and the utilities from
54. y be used to mount the first HFS volume on GPT disks 4 5 Issues with large HDDs Though our driver supports partitions larger than 2 Tb tested on 16 Tb partitions on real hardware and on 25 Tb partitions in virtual environment not all versions of Linux Kernels support block devices larger than 2 Tb on all possible interfaces E g Ubuntu 10 04 does not support 2 5 Tb SATA HDD attached via USB gt SATA converter while the same HDD with the same converter is mounted OK on Windows 7 and the same HDD connected to Ubuntu 10 04 via SATA interface can be mounted and used successfully If there is similar issue please perform the test cases described above to make sure where the root cause of the issue is in Paragon s driver or in Linux Kernel 4 6 Unmounting NTFS HFS Partitions To unmount a NTFS HFS partition use the standard command umount For example umount dev hdb1 4 7 Choosing the codepage charset for NTFS HFS Partitions The format of filenames on NTFS HFS partitions differs from text standard presentation used in Linux To accommodate NTFS HFS standards to Linux ones character translation is required The character translation uses charset or codepage information for correct translation non English characters between NTFS HFS and Linux Unfortunately Linux is unable to automatically detect NTFS HFS codepage charset nls settings For this reason the user must assign character set for filenames translation manually The
55. ze New logs would be written instead of older ones when logs file size is reached e g mount t ufsd o trace all cycle 100M log tmp ufsd trace log In this case file limit for the UFSD logs file is 100 MB e If there are several operation need to be made before reproducing the issue additional logging could be turned on off on the fly via proc fs ufsd trace parameters For example when logging is already activated and is needed to be temporary turned off cat proc fs ufsd trace all echo 0 gt proc fs ufsd trace cat proc fs ufsd trace 0 echo all gt proc fs ufsd trace cat proc fs ufsd trace all In the UFSD driver log file you will see trace level information trace mask set to 5fffbf7f when trace level is set to all trace mask set to 00000000 when trace logs are turned off trace mask set to 5fffbf7f when trace level is returned to all 7 11 Fsdump utility Collecting images of volumes with file system inconsistencies In case Paragon chk fs utilities cannot fix metadata inconsistencies on NTFS HFS volumes or report that volume is OK while it is obviously not so e g content of NTFS volume cannot be read under MS Windows or HFS volume cannot be read under MacOS sdump utility can be used to capture very compact images of volumes with file system inconsistencies The images then may be forwarded to Paragon via support service for analysis This helps us to improve our products As fsdump images
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