Home

Getting Started with Oracle Tuxedo

1. To use SALT we need to know its components and some of the important concepts behind it Let us look at them in detail 96 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 The SALT gateway GWWS and service metadata repository server The SALT gateway GWWS is a Tuxedo server that works as an adapter to communicate with other web service applications using a SOAP over an HTTP S protocol Like all other Tuxedo system servers the GWWS server needs to be configured in the UBBCONFIG file and works bi directionally inbound outbound It issues a native Tuxedo service call as it gets a SOAP request over an HTTP S On the other hand it also takes the Tuxedo requests and issues the SOAP calls to external web service applications The Tuxedo service metadata repository provides Tuxedo s service contract information to GWWS during its boot time It also gets the SALT related information from the configuration file This Gwws server also works like a web server and provides simple functionalities such as downloading the WSDL or XML file The service metadata repository server called TMMETADATA also a Tuxedo provided server has a service called TMMETAREPOS to process requests or to retrieve or update the Tuxedo service metadata repository information WSDL utilities for SALT There are two utilities that come with SALT The first one is tmwsdlgen which helps to generate SCA SCDL and server side interface files for Tuxedo services The
2. 38 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 e a All administrative servers for machines in the MACHINES section are executed Use this option to guarantee that the DBBL all BBLs and the BRIDGE processes are brought up in the correct order e b Boot the system from the BACKUP node without making this machine the master B Imid A BBL is started on a processor with the logical name 1mid e m 1 n Temporarily resets the runtime MIN values for servers specified with the s option with a common MIN value e m This is used to boot all the administrative processes on the master machine e d1 This is used to display on the standard output it is very useful when you use sdb to debug application services e e command This option causes the command to be executed if any process fails to boot successfully e w This option should be used with caution It informs tmboot to boot another server without waiting for servers to complete initialization e y This option means that you need to boot all the administrative and server processes e q This option suppresses the printing of the execution sequence on the standard output It implies y e n The execution sequence is printed but not performed e c The minimum IPC resources needed for this configuration are printed The tmshutdown command This command shuts down a set of Tuxedo servers Only the Tuxedo application administrator can run this command It
3. Location The set of metrics to identify the process that sends the performance metrics It includes information about the domain machine group and process names and so on IPC queue length The message number in an IPC queue IPC queue ID The Oracle Tuxedo identifier of an IPC queue Execution time The time spent in milliseconds for executing an Oracle Tuxedo service or an XA call 51 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo Wait time The time taken by a message in the transportation stage CPU time The CPU time consumed by the service for processing the request It only applies to single threaded servers Message size The Oracle Tuxedo message size Execution status The tpreturn service return code It is defined by the Oracle Tuxedo ATMI interface Elapse time The time elapsed for a call is monitored Pending message number The number of pending messages to the network Message throughput The total number of messages and volume accumulated in the system server monitoring intervals Waiting reply message number The number of requests in GWTDOMAIN awaiting a reply from the remote domain J2EE based solution This is a pure web based solution with WEB 2 0 technologies easy to deploy configure and use The TSAM Console can be used from anywhere using any standard web browser Easy to understand metrics database schema The metrics ca
4. Fldtype Fldtype32 Fidnm_ unload and Fidnm_unload32 Refer to the following URL for more information http docs oracle com cd E26665_ 01 tuxedo docsligr1 fml fml05 html wp1056761 85 www it ebooks info Development of Tuxedo Various APIs The XML buffer The XML buffer type can be used by a Tuxedo application for messaging The Tuxedo application can use the simple xML buffers All the logic to manipulate XML documents for example parsing exists in the application You can use tpalloc to create the buffer with a maximum size of 4 GB Data dependent routing can be used with XML An XML document has the following e The characters in an order that encodes the text of a document e An explanation of the logical structure of the document and information about that structure e An XML parser in the Tuxedo systems which works as follows Auto detection of encoded characters Character code conversion Detection of element content and attribute values Data type conversion XML has been accepted as a standard buffer type and is widely used Tuxedo has adopted it and many new developments have been done using XML rather than using any other buffer types The old traditional Tuxedo FML buffer can be converted to and from XML There are more steps to follow and third party tools can also be helpful For more information on the XML buffer type please refer to the following URL http do
5. ISBN 978 1 84968 566 5 Paperback 620 pages Leverage the latest Fusion Middleware Business Intelligence offering with this action packed implementation guide 1 Get to grips with the OBIEE 11g suite for analyzing and reporting on your business data 2 Immerse yourself in BI upgrading techniques using Agents and the Action Framework and much more in this book and e book 3 A practical from the coalface tutorial bursting with step by step instructions and real world case studies to help you implement the suite s powerful analytic capabilities Quick answers to common problems Oracle WebCenter 11g PS3 Administration Cookbook Over 100 advanced recipes to secure support manage and administer Oracle WebCenter Yannick Ongena J enterprise Oracle WebCenter 11g PS3 Administration Cookbook ISBN 978 1 84968 228 2 Paperback 348 pages Over 100 advanced recipes to secure support manage and administer Oracle WebCenter 1 The only book and eBook in the market that focuses on administration tasks using the new features of WebCenter 11g PS3 2 Understand the use of Wiki and Discussion services to build collaborative portals 3 Full of illustrations diagrams and tips with clear step by step instructions and real world examples Please check www PacktPub com for information on our titles www it ebooks info
6. TPSVCSTART Gets service information only for the COBOL interface 73 www it ebooks info Development of Tuxedo Various APIs ATMI type C API COBOL API Comments Transaction tpbegin TPBEGIN To start an XA management transaction XA tpcommit TPCOMMIT Commits a transaction tpabort TPABORT Aborts or rolls back a transaction tpgetlev TPGETLEV To check the mode of a transaction tpsuspend TPSUSPEND To suspend a transaction tpresume TPRESUME To resume a suspended transaction tmscmt TPSCMT Controls a commit return Resources tpopen TPOPEN Opens a resource management manager RM to which a caller is linked tpclose TPCLOSE To close a resource manager RM Queuing tpenqueue TPENQUEUE To push a message in a queue tpdequeue TPDEQUEUE To pick up a message from a queue Dynamic service tpadvertise TPADVERTISE Advertises a service advertisement dynamically tpunadvertise TPUNADVERTISE Dynamically unadvertises a service name 74 www it ebooks info Chapter 3 ATMI type Buffer related C API tpconvert tpconvmb tpexport COBOL API Comments Transforms the structures to from a string Transforms the encoded characters in an input buffer to a named target Transforms a typed buffer into an exportable machine independent string which embraces encryption seals and digital signatures Security and administration tpcryptpw
7. e r This specifies the resource manager RM attached with this server 102 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 e k This is to retain the server s main stub e t This flag is not used in the current release e s This is required if you use the C structure input or output buffers in the server or if you use the w option The GWWS command The Tuxedo system provides a web service gateway server and like all other Tuxedo servers it needs to be configured in the UBBCONFIG file GWWS SRVGRP identifier SRVID number other parms CLOPT A i InstanceID Here the i option is to identify the Gwws server with an exclusive ID it is required to differentiate when you have more than one GWWS server in the same Tuxedo environment So this identifier needs to be exclusive with all Gwws servers in the UBBCONFIG file The following table lists the rest of the SALT related functions and utilities along with their descriptions and the syntax you need to know to use SALT along with the commands we discussed previously Command function Syntax Comments mk 1dfromschema mkf ldfromschema i The mkf 1dfromschema and mk 1d32from schema u schemaurl mk 1d32fromschema schema mkviewfromschema and mkview32from schema scaadmin b basenumber o outputfile mkviewfromschema i schema u schemaurl o outputfile scaadmin v for verbose command takes an XML schema and creates a field table
8. If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or contributing to a book see our author guide on www packtpub com authors Customer support Now that you are the proud owner of a Packt book we have a number of things to help you to get the most from your purchase 4 www it ebooks info Preface Errata Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content mistakes do happen If you find a mistake in one of our books maybe a mistake in the text or the code we would be grateful if you would report this to us By doing so you can save other readers from frustration and help us improve subsequent versions of this book If you find any errata please report them by visiting http www packtpub com submit errata selecting your book clicking on the errata submission form link and entering the details of your errata Once your errata are verified your submission will be accepted and the errata will be uploaded on our website or added to any list of existing errata under the Errata section of that title Any existing errata can be viewed by selecting your title from http www packtpub com support Piracy Piracy of copyrighted material on the Internet is an ongoing problem across all media At Packt we take the protection of our copyright and licenses very seriously If you come across any illegal copies of our works in any form on the Internet pleas
9. Professional Expertise Distilled Getting Started with Oracle Tuxedo professional expertise distilled Biru Chattopadhayay PACKT enterprise PUBLISHING Getting Started with Oracle Tuxedo A practical guide to client server technology using Tuxedo and extending it to SOA and cloud quickly Biru Chattopadhayay PACKT enterprise BIRMINGHAM MUMBAI www it ebooks info Getting Started with Oracle Tuxedo Copyright 2013 Packt Publishing All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented However the information contained in this book is sold without warranty either express or implied Neither the author nor Packt Publishing and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals However Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information First published June 2013 Production Reference 1280513 Published by Packt Publishing
10. The following is a list of Tuxedo s transactional functions along with their syntax tpbegin in tpcommit i tpabort in tpgetlev i t tpbegin unsigned long timeout long flags nt tpcommit long flags t tpabort long flags nt tpgetlev tpsuspend int tpsuspend TPTRANID t_id long flags tpresume i tpopen int tpclose in nt tpresume TPTRANID t_id long flags tpopen void t tpclose void 92 www it ebooks info Chapter 3 Tuxedo Transaction Log TLOG The Tuxedo system saves information about all the participants in a transaction for tracking in the TLOG Transaction LOG The information the reply from the global transaction participants for a global transaction is stored in the TLOG file during the process of being committed The TLOG holds the record for a global transaction that needs to be committed The TLOG doesn t hold any records for transactions that need to be rolled back Please make sure you create the Universal Device List UDL by using the following command tmadmin c crdl z full path of device b block size to be allocated for using TLOG Also you must set the TLOGNAME TLOGDEVICE TLOGSIZEE and TLOGOFFSET parameters in the MACHINES section of the UBBCONFTIG file You can create the TLOG in a filesystem or by using the Oracle database Summary In this chapter we have discussed various Tuxedo ATMI interfaces to develop our client server application usin
11. and multiple header files This produces and displays view information in the view file s format from a binary file which is created using scastructc32 or viewc32 scatuxgen scatuxgen c This parses the SCDL file and lt composite file name gt creates metadata repository i lt interface file interface information that is name gt I lt inbuf gt 0O based on SCA s abstract class lt outbuf gt s lt service name gt t lt string type gt w n lt namespace gt a lt network address gt v setSCAPassword include lt tuxsca h gt void This is the function that allows Callback setSCAPasswordCallback you to get the password char _ dynamically TMDLLENTRY disp char identifier 104 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 Command function Syntax Comments tmscd tmscd start stop status This command activates and e f lt file gt id1 deactivates service contract id2 discovery tmwsdlgen tmwsdlgen c wsdf file This helps to create a WSDL y o wsdl_file document this has been m pack raw mtom discussed previously t wls axis tuxscagen tuxscagen s lt target This helps to create SCA root directory gt d SCDL and server side lt service name gt C interface files for Tuxedo lt TUXEDO_cltname gt u services this has been lt TUXEDO_username gt S discussed previously j lt java_package_ name gt o lt output_SCDL_ filenam
12. n y D loglevel saltdeploy file The wsloadcf command can be executed to validate SALTDEPLOY without generating the binary version using the n option Configuring SCA components There are seven different SCA components for Tuxedo we will briefly discuss how to configure them in this book but for a detailed example please refer to the following URL http docs oracle com cd E15261_01 salt docsligri admin config html wp1095184 SCA ATMI client configuration The SCA ATMI client is a native Tuxedo client that you build by following the SCA model and compile using the buildscaclient command utility This client program should stay in the same directory where the root composite file is located the path of this file should be included in the APPDIR environment variable 113 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo SCA JATMI client configuration This is the composite file and part of the Java jar file for the JATMI client located at the base of the jar file The Java runtime loads the composite file when the application is run The CLASSPATH variable should be set with the client application jar file along with binding jatmi extension jar com oracle jatmi dataxfm_1 0 0 0 jar com bea core jatmi_1 2 0 3 jar tuscany sca manifest jar and com bea core il8n 1 4 0 0 jar SCA workstation client configuration The configuration of the SCA WS clients is similar to the SCA native
13. specific users to ensure that they can access the Tuxedo application e Optional access control ACL For all the previously mentioned levels information needs to be provided by the client and the administrator so that access can be controlled to services application queues and events with access control lists This level allows you to configure access only for those resources that need security there is restricted access to a certain set of services while still allowing unprotected access to other services e Mandatory access control MANDATORY_ACL This is very similar to the ACL level the only difference is that the resources without an ACL are considered restricted that is access is not granted to resources that do not have an ACL permission In this section we have discussed all the different types of security features that you may like to consider to secure your Tuxedo application Data dependent routing DDR Data dependent routing or context based routing is used to enable a client to send requests for a service to have multiple distributed copies of it this is determined by the data in the requested message Once an administrator has set up data dependent routing for an application the client requests can be routed automatically to servers based on the data in the requests This DDR can be used in three different ways we will discuss this in the following sections Horizontally partitioned When a Tuxedo service is
14. Chapter 2 The logfiles Though we can monitor Tuxedo in various ways as previously discussed logfiles are very important for an administrator for monitoring any Tuxedo application Many times the most important monitoring information will come from logfiles for example the TLOG ULOG and application logs This type of information could be in the form of an error or warning message a debug message and an informational message which is helpful in tracking and resolving problems in the system Tuxedo provides the tracing capability through the tmt race function and it can be used for ATMI servers and clients All the messages are logged in the ULOG file as you set the TMTRACE environment variable TMTRACE atmi ulog So in this monitoring section we have discussed four different ways a Tuxedo application can be monitored and changed GUI command line interface writing an MIB program and looking at logfiles The important features of Tuxedo In this section we will discuss various important built in features security data dependent routing encryption and so on that come with the Tuxedo system and how these features can be used to make your application more secure effective and responsive to address your business needs These features are configurable and there is no need to do any custom development hence they are very cost effective and easy to use Security Security is one of biggest concerns for a Tuxedo a
15. a failure The collected service contract information is discarded if it fails to send information to the TMMETADATA server Configuring the SALT WS TX support This is to support a transaction for SALT components inbound or outbound Configuring the TLOG device for Gwws is the most important task and it is similar to the way you create a TLOG file The TLoGDevice element is added to the SALTDEPLOY file and you will be sharing the same TLOG device for all GWWSs Please refer to the format of this file which we have discussed earlier When Tuxedo is the coordinator outbound direction of a transaction the GWws system server permits either Volatile 2PC or Durable 2PC registration requests and handles them accordingly To configure the maximum number of transactions you can use MaxTran to configure the size of the internal transaction the default is MAXGTT In this section we have briefly discussed the configuration of SALT components for example the service metadata repository the UBBCONFTIG file the GWWS server SCA components client and servers and some examples of property files for more clarity Administration of SALT In the previous section we have seen the various tools and utilities to configure the SALT components you may need to use these tools for administering and monitoring SALT We have discussed most of the tasks involved in monitoring the service metadata repository We have also discussed the service deployment
16. etc modprobe conf on the server node for better performance for example options ib_sdp sdp_zcopy_thresh 0 recv_poll 0 It s default value is 64 KB but the recommendation is to set it with zero The EXALOGIC_MSGQ_CACHE_SIZE variable The EXALOGIC_MSGQ_CACHE_SIZE environment variable can be used to improve the performance of the Tuxedo application This value can be set between 32 and 2 048 One thing to notice is that increasing the number can improve Tuxedo s performance but Msgq_daemon consumes more shared memory So setting this environment variable will help you to get better performance during the process of sending multiple messages to many queues Please read the following recommendation from Oracle If there are 40 remote Oracle Tuxedo servers providing the same service and clients call the service 100 times setting EXALOGIC_MSGQ_CACHE_SIZE to a value equal to or greater than 40 on the client improves performance If there are 50 WSHs and each WSH receives response messages from the same remote server setting EXALOGIC_MSGQ_CACHE_SIZE to a value equal to or greater than 50 on the server environment improves performance Running Oracle Tuxedo In this section we will discuss how to start and stop Tuxedo and the tools that are available for various administrative purposes There are some differences in running Tuxedo on a non Exalogic platform with RDMA features The tux_msgq_monitor function must be started before booting a
17. model various SCA components and GWWS during configuration In the next section we will briefly discuss some of the other tools and utilities that are going to serve this purpose with some tuning recommendations 116 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 GWWS administration The cwws server is one of the most important components of SALT and there are various tasks involved with it for administration purposes We will discuss them in brief in this section Tuning the GWWS server Some of the parameters of the Gwws property file should be looked at more carefully for tuning purposes We are going to pick up a couple of them for our discussion The following is an example of the properties file lt Deployment gt lt WSGateway gt lt GWInstance id MyGWWS gt lt Properties gt lt Property name thread_pool size value 30 gt lt Property name max_content length value 2M gt lt Property name timeout value 700 gt lt Properties gt lt GWInstance gt lt WSGateway gt lt Deployment gt Thread pool size The cwws server uses a thread pool working model to maximize the performance in a multiprocessor server environment The default for the thread_pool_size parameter is 16 but you need to conduct a usage analysis to tune this parameter for large concurrent clients Network timeout control The timeout parameter is used to set the network timeout value in the configuration file The default time
18. parameter information Prompt gt tmloadrepos e d servicel y i repository_ input file repository file The input file contains the service information you need to run with tmloadrepos to create the binary file an example of the file is as follows service Ballance svcdescription This service returns account Balance export Y inbuf FML outbuf FML 107 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo param ACCOUNT ID type string paramdescription Account ID access in count 2 requiredcount 2 param BALANCE paramdescription The Balance value type integer access out count 2 requiredcount 2 e tmunloadrepos This displays the file service information from the Tuxedo service metadata repository Prompt gt tmunloadrepos s service regular expressionl t c repository file The t option is for a text file and c is for C pseudocode options and they are mutually exclusive e tpgetrepos This function uses the FML32 buffer to get service information from the metadata repository dynamically int tpgetrepos char reposfile FBFR32 idata FBFR32 odata e tpsetrepos This function also uses the FML32 buffer to set the add update or delete information on the service parameter in the metadata repository file dynamically int tpsetrepos char reposfile FBFR32 idata FBFR32 odata This metadata repository is one of the most important components in SALT
19. the options are the same for both commands The mkviewfromschema mkview32fromschema command takes an XML schema and creates a view file the options are the same for both commands This is the SCA server management command interpreter It has multiple options for monitoring or changing the SCA components hosted in the Tuxedo environment Use help all for all the options available 103 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo Command function Syntax Comments SCAHOST SCAHOST The Tuxedo server needs SRVGRP identifier information from the metadata SRVID number repository so you need to CLOPT A servopts specify this in the UBBCONFIG options W e file on the TMMETADATA composite system process scapasswordtool scapasswordstore i This is to encrypt a password scastructc32 and scastructc scastructdis32 and scastructdis passwordidentifier a a scastructc32 n d viewdir structfile structfile scastructdis32 E envlabel viewobjfile viewobjfile and store it in a file that is used by SCA components to refer to Tuxedo based services You can also use this to delete the password This works like a compiler for the structure s description it takes the structure s description file as input and creates an equivalent binary file which is interpreted at runtime to determine data mapping between the FML buffers and C structures
20. tpgetadmkey tuxgetenv tuxputenv tpadmcall Administrative request to encrypt an application s password To get an administrative authentication key Returns a value for environment variables set for Tuxedo To dynamically add change a value to the environment variable Administers may use this to retrieve and update the attributes of a service System error handling tpstrerror tpstrerrordetail userlog USERLOG To capture an error message for a Tuxedo ATMI To capture the detailed error message for a Tuxedo ATMI To write a message error or warning from any Tuxedo application to the system s central log 75 www it ebooks info Development of Tuxedo Various APIs The C language interface for the previously mentioned interfaces makes use of the full range of C language features pointer allocation of buffer C data structure and so on The COBOL interfaces provide similar semantics and functionality as that of the C interfaces The COBOL programmer will find it comfortable to use these semantics In our book we will only be describing all the ATMI interfaces for the C language Developing a Tuxedo client A client is an application program that initiates requests in the Tuxedo application This can be built in different platforms for example in both terminal and graphical interfaces A client has to join the application before it can make any request
21. we have discussed the most important and basic steps for it There are many other operations and options available that will help you to administrate this repository on a larger scale Please refer to the following URL for more information about this http docs oracle com cd E15261_01 salt docsllgri admin config html wp1093834 108 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 Configuration of the native web services This is done to expose a Tuxedo service as a web service to the outer world there are mainly three steps to do this 1 Creating a native WSDF A native WSDF is needed to expose a Tuxedo service as a web service through the HTTP S endpoints Please consider the following steps we have picked up the simapp application as an example 1 Configuring the SOAP header The wssoapfl1ds h file comes with SALT and it is where you find the mapsoapheader attribute to configure SOAP headers False is the default for this parameter which means that the GWWS server does not do any mapping between the FML fields and the SOAP header 2 Configuring the WSBinding object The lt wSBinding gt element needs to have a unique WSBinding ID in the WSDF So the SALTDEPLOY file which gets referred by the GWWS server is the required indicator of the WSBinding object 3 Configuring the service object The lt Service gt element is basically the name of the Tuxedo service to be published 4 Configuring the message conversion handler
22. www it ebooks info Table of Contents The NETGROUPS section Things to remember Tuxedo commands The buildclient command The buildserver command The buildtms command The tmloadcf command The tmboot command The tmshutdown command List of Tuxedo commands Monitoring and changing a Tuxedo application The command line interface The Tuxedo MIB application programming interface Tuxedo System and Application Monitoring TSAM Installing TSAM Various administrative tasks using TSAM Using TSAM for monitoring quick path The logfiles The important features of Tuxedo Security Data dependent routing DDR Horizontally partitioned Rule based servers Distributed applications Data encryption Data compression Load balancing Administering the Tuxedo queue Q Configuration of resources for Q Creation of queue space and queues Monitoring Q The Tuxedo domain The domain configuration file The domain gateway server The domain administrative server Administrative tools for the domain Creating a domain transaction log A brief example of how to configure and run a Tuxedo domain Tuning the application Summary ii www it ebooks info Table of Contents Chapter 3 Development of Tuxedo Various APIs 71 Introduction to the Application Programing Interface 71 Developing a Tuxedo client 76 Sample client code structure 77 Compiling the native or workstation client 78 Tuxedo client ATMI functions 78 Develo
23. 1 and 2 under the Using TSAM for monitoring quick path section to ensure that you understand how TSAM works and the components you will need and how to deploy them Otherwise you may need to do lot of manual work even when there are lots of scripts provided to you for ease of use I am giving you the following step by step displays but there could be a little variation between this and the one on the screen so please be careful 1 Execute the installation program which launches the installation script sh lt installer name gt i console The following is the installation script Preparing to install Extracting the JRE from the installer archive Unpacking the JRE Extracting the installation resources from the installer archive Configuring the installer for this system s environment Press the Enter key to continue 3 The next screen prompts you to choose the Oracle TSAM 11g Release 1 11 1 1 2 0 install set Choose Install Set Please Choose the Install Set to be installed by this installer 1 Full Install 2 Agent Install 3 Manager Install ENTER THE NUMBER FOR THE INSTALL SET OR PRESS lt ENTER gt TO ACCEPT THE DEFAULT Full Install 4 The next screen prompts you to choose the Oracle home directory Oracle Home Directory Selection 1 Choose existing Oracle Home directory 2 Specify Oracle Home directory 47 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo If you sel
24. LDAP configuration file deployed You must deploy an LDAP configuration file manually after installation by using the LDAP deployment utility LDAPDeployer sh or LDAPDeployer cmd if you want to enable LDAP authentication For more information see the Deploying Oracle TSAM Manager in the Oracle TSAM Deployment guide If you choose LDAP only as the authentication type or Yes you must input the path of the LDAP configuration file as follows Enter an existing LDAP configuration file Specify the database type if you choose the Full or Manager install set the Choose Database Type screen appears as follows Choose the TSAM Manager database type you want to install 1 Bundled Derby database 2 An existing Derby database 3 An existing Oracle database 4 Skip I will deploy TSAM 11gR1 to an existing database server after the installation Specify the database connection If you choose to connect to an existing Derby or Oracle database the Specify Database Connection screen appears as follows Specify the host name Specify the port Specify the database name Specify user name Specify the password If you choose to create a new database Oracle TSAM 11g R1 creates a user with the name admin You are prompted to specify and verify the password accordingly Enter the administrator group ID DEFAULT 0 Enter the viewer group ID DEFAULT 1 49 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tux
25. Ltd Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB UK ISBN 978 1 84968 688 4 www packtpub com www it ebooks info Credits Author Biru Chattopadhayay Reviewers Ransford Hewitt Aivars Kalvans Acquisition Editor Rukhsana Khambatta Commissioning Editor Meeta Rajani Technical Editor Hardik B Soni Copy Editor Aditya Nair Project Coordinator Michelle Quadros Proofreader Paul Hindle Indexer Tejal R Soni Graphics Ronak Dhruv Production Coordinator Prachali Bhiwandkar Cover Work Prachali Bhiwandkar Cover Image Valentina Dsilva www it ebooks info About the Author Biru Chattopadhayay has more than 20 years of international and diverse IT experience with a strong technical background and deep understanding of the relationship between technology and strategic business interests He is of that rare breed of individuals who are very creative and who excel in highly technical assignments as well as in leadership roles He has worked for product companies in the US and held senior positions in multinationals where he has provided consulting and delivered solutions for various organizations around the world He has been working with middleware since the early stages of his career and has a commanding knowledge of middleware enterprise application integration EAI and SOA Biru has worked for some of the best companies in the industry such as BEA Oracle Tech Mahindra and Dell He has spoken i
26. The advantages or benefits of a clean client server model are manifold some of them are as follows e Modular application design Divides application processing across multiple machines with the following conditions Non critical data and functions are processed on the client Critical functions are processed on the server e Optimization Optimizes the server for data processing and storage for example large computers and disk space e Reduced network traffic Due to the three tier architecture data doesn t need to travel back and forth from frontend clients to databases multiple times e Scales horizontally Multiple servers each having capabilities and processing power can be added to distribute processing load e Scales vertically Can be moved to more powerful machines such as a minicomputer or a mainframe to take advantage of the larger system s performance e Reduces data duplication Data is stored on the servers instead of clients reducing the amount of data replication for the application The history of Tuxedo Tuxedo was developed by Bell Labs in 1983 to achieve multiuser access and manipulate a database on a mainframe computer simultaneously In 1989 the Unix System Laboratories USL promoted Tuxedo as a client server framework and launched this product In 1993 Novell acquired USL and Tuxedo became Novell s product In 1996 BEA bought the rights for Tuxedo from Novell Tuxedo did wonders for many Fo
27. The device name to be used by the BRIDGE process placed on that LMID to access the network This is to specify the network address used by one machine connecting to other machines This parameter along with the FRANGE parameter determines the range of the TCP IP ports to which a process will attempt to bind before making an outbound connection This is to specify the range of TCP IP ports to which a native process will attempt to bind before making an outbound connection The FADDR parameter specifies the base address of the range String is the network group associated with this network entry If unspecified the default DEFAULTNET is assumed The NETGROUP parameter if not set to DEFAULTNET must have previously appeared as a group name in the NETGROUPS section of the file Things to remember The following are the things to remember when configuring and structuring a Tuxedo application e Once you have your UBBCONFIG file you need to run the tmloadcf command to create the TUXCONFIG file which is a binary version of UBBCONFIG As with UBBCONFIG the TUXCONFIG file may be given any name for example tmloadcf y ubbconfig e The TUXCONFIG environment variable defines the location on the master machine where the tmboot command uses the binary TUXCONFIG file so it must be set to an absolute pathname ending with the device or the system file where TUXCONFIG is to be loaded 35 www it ebooks info Con
28. Tracks all the participants RMs of the transaction e The TM notifies the RM with GTI during communication e Performs the two phase commit which means communication for phase 1 preparation and ready and phase 2 for the commit 91 www it ebooks info Development of Tuxedo Various APIs It performs the rollback process if the application designates that the transaction is to be aborted It performs a recovery procedure when failures occur Creating or initiating a transaction There are mainly two ways to initiate a transaction in a Tuxedo system initiated explicitly by the application or implicitly by an administrator In your application code you can use the tpbegin function to initiate your transaction It creates the GTI and starts the transaction and communicates it to the TM This function has two parameters a transaction time out value and a flag which is currently undefined and must be set to 0 The application module that called tpbegin should also call a termination of transaction function tpcommit to commit or tpabort to abort the transaction The Tuxedo system provides a built in administrative configuration option called AUTOTRAN The service that is marked with it in the UBBCONFIG file is part of a global transaction of its caller If it is not being called under a transaction the Tuxedo system initiates the transaction prior to invoking this service Tuxedo s transactional functions
29. Tuxedo application 133 www it ebooks info Oracle Tuxedo Joining the Exalogic Family Start stop tux_msgq_monitor As we just discussed tux_msgq_monitor should be started before booting the Oracle Tuxedo application The tux_msgq_monitor function is responsible for starting Msgq_daemon and checking its running status Before starting tux_msgq_monitor ensure that the environment variables TUXCONFIG LD_LIBRARY_PATH and TUXDIR are properly set If Msgg_daemon terminates abnormally for some reason or other it restarts using tux_msgq_monitor One monitor can only serve one Oracle Tuxedo application on one logical machine Start tux_msgq_monitor The following command is an example to start tux_msgq_monitor Prompt gt tux _msgq monitor i lt IPoIB gt d lt port gt M lt size gt K lt key gt The following are the attributes of this command e i This IPoIB address should be equal to the RDMADAEMONIP parameter in in the UBBCONFIG file e d This port number should be the same number as that mentioned in RDMADAEMONPORT in the UBBCONFIG file e m The shared memory gets allocated as you start Msgq_daemon So it is very important for you to estimate the size of the shared memory You can get the memory size by using tmloadcf c ubb e K This is the key number to access the shared memory by Msgq_daemon When tux_msgq_monitor is running you should check and make sure that the tux_ msgq_monitor and Msgq_daem
30. associated with a horizontally partitioned database which means the database has been divided into segments each segment is used to store a different category of information As an example there are different sections in a hospital for example ENT and cardiology So the same service can be called from different clients but the request will be routed to the service particular department server as the database was designed as horizontally partitioned 58 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 Rule based servers A rule based server is a server that determines whether service requests meet certain application specific criteria before forwarding them to service routines For example in Banking they have a Primer customer and a Normal customer a distinction made for certain business reasons high value transactions and the same service is served using two different servers So the features of the rule based servers can be used when you want to handle requests that are almost the same by taking slightly different actions for business reasons Distributed applications In a distributed application you may have a mix of local and remote clients that communicate with multiple servers that could be distributed in multiple geographic locations or machines across organizations over the network A request is sent for a particular service it is determined by the data identifying the server that can fulfill the request The Tuxedo syste
31. commands are mentioned in the following list e bbclean machine It removes a hanged server process and the resources associated with it It also reboots the process if it is configured as restartable It also makes the DBBL check the status of the BBL s bbparms It gives you a summary of the Bulletin Board s parameters for example the maximum number of servers objects interfaces and services e help command al1 This provides help for all commands if a command is specified the abbreviation arguments and description for that command are printed e master yes This command is run on the master node when the backup node is acting as the master It migrates the DBBL to the master node the backup node is no longer acting as the master node e printqueue qaddress This gives you the queue information for all the application and administrative servers qaddress can be used to restrict information to a specific queue e printserver m machine g groupname R rmid i srvid q gaddress This command gives information about the application or administrative server Various options can be used to filter the server information 43 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo tmconfig allows the administrator to examine and modify the TUXCONFIG files for the Tuxedo application These changes are dynamic in nature as changes made to the TUXCONFIG file are propagated to all machin
32. ebooks info Preface Who this book is for This book is for anyone who wants to learn the client server architecture using Tuxedo It has been written in such a way that anyone who has a minimal knowledge of the client server architecture can understand it and build the fundamental knowledge of Tuxedo and its APIs commands various important parameters configuration file and administrative tools This book can be very helpful for architects designers developers and administrators as a quick reference guide or as a guideline on how to build a Tuxedo application The primary objective of this book is to show you how to develop distributed systems using Tuxedo and extend that to an SOA environment It also gives the fundamentals of the Exalogic machines and how the Tuxedo application can leverage these new high end machines for enterprise needs This book also helps business users to understand this technology its various features and functionalities and the related business benefits Many people in the IT field are not familiar with the general concept of the client server technology so a short overview of this is included in the introductory chapter Conventions In this book you will find a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds of information Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning Code words in text database table names folder names filenames file extension
33. enables administrative tasks You must set the TUXCONFIG environment variable accordingly as you run this utility Here we will discuss the various options subcommands for scaadmin which can be used for monitoring purposes e default This sets the machine name group name server ID or server name to default e reload This dynamically reloads the SCA components hosted in a Tuxedo server There are some limitations with some OSs for reloading e printstats This displays the list of services within the Tuxedo environment as well as the related methods number of queries and status e verbose This is used to turn on the verbose mode e echo This is used to echo the input on off e quit This is used to exit a session In this section we have discussed most of the administrative tasks that should be performed in conjunction with tasks involved with the SALT configuration We have also briefly brought up tuning issues and the various aspects of it SALT programming SALT programming involves mainly two areas namely web services programming and SCA programming which are very much standard programing practices today In this section I will briefly introduce the programming paradigms for SALT but I do not intend to go into the details as we do want to cover how to do web service SCA programing in this small book Most of the SALT related APIs are listed in the table in one of the previous sections of this chapter we will be us
34. field from the FML or FML32 buffer XML element or the element attribute or the VIEW or VIEW32 field name FIELDTYPE string value Required The type of routing field specified in the FIELD parameter which can be one of CHAR SHORT LONG FLOAT DOUBLE or STRING RANGES string value Required A range is either a single value or a range of the lower upper form BUFTYPE string value Optional This can be one of FML FML32 XML VIEW VIEW32 X_C_TYPE or X_COMMON No subtype can be specified for types FML FML32 or XML The NETGROUPS section The NETGROUPS section describes the network groups available to the application in a LAN environment There are only three parameters in this group NETGROUP is the name of the network group while NETGRPNO and NETPRIO with numeric values are used to specify the priority of this network group Parameter name and values NADDR String Required optional Required Comments values what it means This specifies the network address as its listening address for the BRIDGE process under LMID so that other BRIDGE processes are contacted through this address within the same application For example host name port_number 34 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 Parameter name and values Required optional Comments values what it means BRIDGE String Optional FADDR String Optional FRANGE number Optional NETGROUP String Optional
35. have briefly gone through the major components and concepts of SALT This basic knowledge will help us configure and build a SALT application which is explained in the following sections SALT installation As we discussed earlier SALT is an accompanying product for Tuxedo and it can be installed in the same three ways as Tuxedo GUI based console based and silent installation The SALT executable comes as an installer file You can execute it on Windows or Unix platforms using various methods 98 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 The SALT distribution contains the following components which get installed under the TUXDIR directory e SALT service component architecture support e SALT web service gateway server software e SALT web service development assistant utilities e SALT administrative utilities e SALT sample applications A supported version of Tuxedo must be installed before you install SALT you need the correct compatible versions of Tuxedo and SALT to work together If you already have the Tuxedo server installed you can install the SALT client and or server and of course the server side sample applications On the other hand you can only install the SALT client component if you have the Tuxedo client GUI based installation For SALT s GUI based installation on Windows or on Unix you need to carry out the steps pointed out in the following sections Installing on Windows Carry out the following
36. name is u01 common patches tuxtmpfile you can also set your own directory using the EXALOGIC_SHARED_PATH environment variable Tuxedo uses this file for message transfers when the EMSQ queue is full or the message size exceeds the queue size Users from different Exalogic nodes must have read write or execution permission to the shared APPDIR variable as it is shared by all nodes Please set a different path for TUXCONFIG for each node Please set a different path for ULOGPFX for each node 128 www it ebooks info Chapter 5 e You need to set the etc securitylimits conf parameter with the following values memlock Msgq daemon shared memory size 2 MAXACCESSERS 14000 KB hard memlock 1853030 soft memlock 1853030 So there are not too many changes to make in your UBBCONFIG file when compared to the normal Tuxedo configuration I put in the etc securitylimits parameters and the EXALOGIC_SHARED PATH environment variable as I want to make sure that we do all the basic things right before we bring up Tuxedo on an Exalogic box Tuxedo Socket Direct Protocol support The Socket Direct Protocol SDP feature enables Tuxedo components using BSD socket APIs that can leverage the advantages of the SDP network protocol provided by Exalogic This feature is high bandwidth low latency and needs reduced CPU involvement To enable SDP in Tuxedo you must specify EXALOGIC for OPTIONS in the RESOURCE section which we
37. one entry lt Property gt Zero or more entry lt Properties gt lt GWInstance gt lt WSGateway gt lt System gt lt Certificate gt Zero or one entry lt PrivateKey gt lt PrivateKey gt 111 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo lt VerifyClient gt Zero or one entry lt Certificate gt lt Plugin gt Zero or one entry lt Interface library gt Zero or more entry lt Plugin gt lt System gt lt Deployment gt The previous SALTDEPLOY file format example gives you detailed information on this file which is a major input for the web service application in the binary SALTCONFIG file To create a SALTDEPLOY file carry out the following steps 1 Import the WSDF files You need to import your WSDF file to a SALT deployment file make sure the name is a unique WSDF name as it s required by the cwws servers to make deployment relations Set up the GWWS servers Multiple outbound or inbound objects WSBindin can be defined in the WSDF file which is used during deployment For each inbound object there should be one access endpoint as an inbound endpoint on the other hand for an outbound endpoint there can be zero or more access endpoints These endpoints are from the list of WSBinding objects Set up system level resources In SALT all global resources shared by all the GWWS servers are defined in the SALTDEPLOY file The certificate and librar
38. question can be asked too that is is this Tuxedo still relevant for our current IT scenarios The answer is obvious it can be extended to the SOA world very easily and you can call a Tuxedo service as a component of a composite when you are building an SCA based application Today Tuxedo leverages one of the most futuristic machines called Exalogic it is easy to use and still gives you better ROI In this book there are some simple examples to explain the subject matter in an easier and practical way Tuxedo has numerous out of the box features and various ways to implement them to get best out of it we have discussed as much as possible to give you the overall picture of how to build Tuxedo based application leveraging these features Your feedback is very valuable to us You can contribute by reporting any errors you find in the book making suggestions for new content that you d like to see in future updates and by commenting and blogging about it www it ebooks info Preface What this book covers Chapter 1 Getting Started with Tuxedo introduces you to the distributed client server technology using Tuxedo and tells you how it has evolved over the past decades You will get an overview of the Tuxedo architecture and it s various important components and their functionalities It also discusses various Tuxedo installation procedures hardware and software requirements and guidelines Chapter 2 Configuration and Administrati
39. second one is wsdlcvt a WSDL converter to ensure that a Tuxedo services can be exposed as a web service using SALT This WSDL document can be used to integrate the Tuxedo service as a web service This wsdl cvt utility takes WSDL as an input and converts it to a definition file for Tuxedo The GWWS server utilizes the SALT deployment file which needs to be imported from SALT s web service definition file On the other hand interface information for Tuxedo client programming is provided by the Tuxedo service metadata repository s definition file and the FML32 field table definition file The SCA concept and Tuxedo service There is a trend in the IT industry today of organizations moving from application centric architecture to service oriented architecture SOA SOA is all about building the functionality of an application by using a set of services or components stitched together called a work flow to ensure that they meet certain end to end business needs The SCA models have a standard guideline which basically gives recommendations on how to build and implement services the mechanism of reusing services and how to accumulate or constitute services into solutions so that your SOA implementation is more efficient and flexible The SCA model helps you with service deployment and constructing and assembling a service prior to its deployment 97 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo In SCA c
40. section required TMMETADATA is the server provided by Tuxedo It has the TMMETAREPOS service which processes requests to retrieve or update the Tuxedo service metadata repository information For example SERVERS TMMETADATA SRVGRP MyGrp SRVID 202 RESTART Y MAXGEN 4 GRACE 2500 CLOPT A f usr MyApps Metadata The GWWS servers in the SERVERS section required This is the web service gateway server that we discussed a couple of times The Gwws server refers to the SALTCONFIG file during boot up so the environment variable SALTCONFIG must be set prior to starting up this Gwws server Also the TMMETADATA server should be booted up before Gwws because this server calls the services of TWMETADATA One or more GWWS servers can be configured in the same Tuxedo domain but each Gwws server must have a unique instance ID using the i option For example SERVERS Gwws SRVGRP MyGrp SRVID 210 SEC PRINCIPAL NAME gwws_ PASSWD optional 4 points below SEC PRINCIPAL PASSVAR gwws_ PASSWD optional 4 points below CLOPT A i MyGWWS1 106 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 Parameters in the UBBCONFIG file required You need to consider MAXSERVERS MAXSERVICES and MAXACCESSERS in the RESOURCES section of UBBCONFIG as you start adding the Gwws and TMMETADATA servers Also you need to consider MAXWSCLIENTS under the MACHINES section as GWWS inbound communication connectivity for web services is controll
41. some common parameters in UBBCONFIG and DMCONFIG So it seems Tuxedo is going to be here for a long time with it s adaptability on the technology front I am very proud as a Tuxedo user and it is very satisfying for me that I could share some of my experience with you in this book It is a small book but I have tried to include the most important aspects of Tuxedo I hope this book helps you to build a foundation on Tuxedo and that you will carry it forward from here 136 www it ebooks info Symbols Q 8 ud32 wud32 command 41 A ACID 90 ACL_MIB 42 administrative servers Tuxedo domain 64 administrative tasks TSAM 51 52 administrative tools Tuxedo domain about 65 dmadmin 65 dmloadcf 65 dmunloadcf 65 agile and resource management 67 anatomy Tuxedo 10 application domain 115 Application to Transaction Monitor Interface ATMI 71 APPQ MIB 42 architecture Tuxedo 10 ATMI functions Tuxedo about 79 tmscmt 74 tpabort 74 tpacall 72 tpadmceall 75 tpadvertise 74 tpalloc 73 tpbegin 74 tpbroadcast 73 tpeall 72 tpcancel 72 tpchkauth 72 Index tpchkunsol 73 tpclose 74 tpcommit 74 tpconnect 72 tpconvert 75 tpconvmb 7 tpcryptpw 7 tpdequeue 74 tpdiscon 72 tpenqueue 74 tpexport 75 tpforward 73 tpfree 73 tpgetadmkey 75 tpgetlev 74 tpgetreply 72 tpgprio 73 tpinit 72 tpnotify 73 tpopen 74 tppost 73 tprealloc 73 tprecv 72 tpresu
42. this book we have covered how to install configure and develop a Tuxedo application and its various components in brief To do this we have basically covered the last 30 years of client server technology in 90 pages We started with the basics of client server architecture where I depicted all the components in one diagram to show how Tuxedo does it seamlessly It s been a great platform to build your applications for the last 20 years and it seems it is true for the present too The idea of having a service or business services was introduced by Tuxedo from its initial days We have seen how we can design a Tuxedo application in a loosely coupled manner in a distributed environment that is also very transparent in nature We have discussed how to make a Tuxedo application scalable and available and which maximizes resource utilization by using its load balancing algorithm We have seen the richness of Tuxedo APIs which are proven and you can build a mission critical application easily by using them We have also discussed how to use Tuxedo in your SOA environment using its SALT plugins Service Components Architecture SCA is the new buzzword in today s BPEL world and Tuxedo is up there to be used as a component that is a part of a composite or vice versa Last but not least Tuxedo is in the cloud a Tuxedo application running on an Exalogic platform You need to do very few things to run Tuxedo on an Exalogic box you only have to change
43. to a server service and must leave the application before exiting There are basically two types of clients e Native client This runs on the same platform as the Tuxedo domain meaning it is attached locally e Workstation WS client This runs on a different machine and joins over the network to a Tuxedo application running on a different machine The design coding and operation of these two types of clients are the same the ATMI for both are identical There are some differences in the way these clients are compiled using the buildclient command which will be described later Your client application uses tpinit to attach to a Tuxedo application and tpterm to detach from it When a client joins an application a username and client name can be passed to the tpinit structure these are string values of up to 30 characters The user and client name are used to identify a client program in several important ways e Security This is used when the application security is configured on a per user password basis the client program must provide a password that matches the password for the user client e Administration The administrator can see who is connected to the application e Communication Either one or all the clients can be communicated to via their individual name using tpbrodcast tpnotify 76 www it ebooks info Chapter 3 There are four paradigms for client server communication e Reque
44. 2 workstation listener WSL 131 workstation WS client 132 STRING buffer 82 T tidl command 40 tlisten command 40 tmadmin command about 40 43 attribues 43 tmboot command about 35 38 40 attributes 38 tmconfig command 40 44 tmipcrm command 40 tmloadcf command about 38 40 attributes 38 tmloadrepos command 107 TMMETADATA server 97 TMMETAREPOS server 97 TMQFORWARD server 12 61 88 TMQUEUE server 12 60 TMS 12 tmscd function 105 tmscmt method 74 tmshutdown command 39 40 tmtrace function 57 119 tmunloadcf command 40 tmunloadrepos command 108 tmwsdlgen utility 97 105 tpabort method 74 tpacall method 72 tpacladd command 41 tpaclcvt command 41 tpacldel command 41 tpaclmod command 41 tpadduser command 41 tpadmcall method 75 tpadvertise method 74 tpalloc method 73 82 tpbegin method 74 tpbroadcast method 73 77 143 www it ebooks info tpcall method 72 77 tpcancel method 72 tpchkauth method 72 tpchkunsol method 73 tpclose method 74 tpcommit method 74 tpconnect method 72 77 tpconvert method 75 tpconvmb method 75 tpcryptpw method 75 tpdelusr command 41 tpdequeue method 74 77 tpdiscon method 72 77 tpenqueue method 74 77 tpexport method 75 tpforward method 73 tpfree method 73 tpgetadmkey method 75 tpgetlev method 74 tpgetreply method 72 77 tpgetrepos command 108 tpgprio method 73 tpgrpadd command 41 tpgrpdel command 41 tpinit m
45. AXACCESSERS APPDIR ENVFILE TUXDIR MAXACCESSERS APPDIR ENVFILE TLOGDEVICE TUXCONFIG ULOGPFX SPINCOUNT TLOGDEVICE TUXCONFIG ULOGPFX SPINCOUNT GROUPS GROUPS Branch1 LIMID SITE1 GRPNO 11 Branch2 LIMID SITE1 GRPNO 21 NETWORK NETWORK SITEL NADDR machUnix 80952 SITE2 NADDR machUnix 80952 NLSADDR machuUnix serve NLSADDR machuUnix serve SERVERS SERVERS Teller SRVGRP Branch1 SRVID 11 Teller SRVGRP Branch2 SRVID 21 SERVICE Withdrawal SERVICE Withdrawal Deposit Deposit Account SRVGRP Branch1 SRVID 12 Account SRVGRP Branch2 SRVID 22 SERVICE Close_acct SERVICE Close_acct Open_account Open_account Balance SRVGRP Branch1 SRVID 13 Balance SRVGRP Branch2 SRVID 23 SERVICE SERVICE Abal Abal ROUTING Account ID for withdrawal Deposit and Close_acct Service Branch ID for Open_Acct Service B_ID for Abal Service A We will now discuss all the important parameters in brief for each of the eight sections of the UBBCONFIG file 25 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo The RESOURCES section This section contains information pertaining to all the resources in the domain for example the number of servers and services under the SERVICE section Parameter name and values Required Comments values what it means optional IPCKEY numeric value Required This is the unique address of the inter process communication IPC resources It is als
46. Aivars has been involved in a number of projects related to credit card issuing and acquiring utility payments through mobile phones ATMs and POS terminals Aivars has been using Oracle Tuxedo formerly BEA Tuxedo since Version 8 in 2003 He enjoys solving both design and technical problems and likes to work on personal and open source projects in his free time Aivars holds a Bachelor s degree in Computer Science from Riga Technical University and a Software Architecture Professional Certificate from the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute I would like to thank my lovely wife Anete and sons Karlis and Gustavs for making life much more interesting www it ebooks info www PacktPub com Support files eBooks discount offers and more You might want to visit www Packt Pub com for support files and downloads related to your book Did you know that Packt offers eBook versions of every book published with PDF and ePub files available You can upgrade to the eBook version at www Packt Pub com and as a print book customer you are entitled to a discount on the eBook copy Get in touch with us at service packtpub com for more details At www Packt Pub com you can also read a collection of free technical articles sign up for a range of free newsletters and receive exclusive discounts and offers on Packt books and eBooks PACKT http PacktLib PacktPub com Do you need instant solutions to your IT question
47. B API Admin Console Event Broker Utilities MIB Events TUXCONFIG TLOG BB ULOG The following is a list of the MIB s components WS_MIB For workstation groups and the processes associated with them ACL_MIB For administrating access control lists APPQ_MIB For administrating queues EVENT_MIB For event notification and the subscription request database DM_MIB For administrating the Tuxedo domains multiple domain configurations 42 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 The command line interface This is a set of commands used to manage activate configure and deactivate the application for example tmadmin and so on Each of these commands have various options to get administrative information or control The tmadmin command provides 51 interactive commands that allow the administrator to monitor a Tuxedo application s performance reconfigure troubleshoot or take corrective actions Normally it runs on an active node for an inactive application it can only be run on the master node tmadmin r c v The following are the attributes of this command e r This invokes tmadmin as a client read only instead of as the administrator e c This invokes tmadmin in the configuration mode e v This invokes tmadmin to display the Tuxedo version number and license number Once tmadmin has been invoked commands can be entered at the prompt gt Some of the most important of the 51
48. IN 63 E Enterprise Java Beans EJBs 13 environment variables Tuxedo application about 21 FIELDTBLS 22 FIELDTBLS32 22 FLDTBLDIR 22 FLDTBLDIR32 22 VIEWDIR 21 VIEWFILES 21 event broker server 89 EVENT_MIB 42 Exabus 125 eXtended Architecture XA 8 91 external web services configuring 110 invoking through SALT 121 F features Tuxedo data compression 60 Data dependent routing DDR 58 data encryption 59 load balancing 60 security 57 58 Field Manipulation Language FML 84 FIELDTBLS32 variable 22 FIELDTBLS variable 22 First In First Out FIFO 61 FLDTBLDIR32 variable 22 FLDTBLDIR variable 22 FML buffer 84 85 FML FML32 buffer 22 G GateWay Administrative server GWADM 13 63 gateway servers Tuxedo domain 64 gencat command 40 graphical user interface installation Tuxedo 16 GROUPS section about 30 parameters 30 GUI based installation SALT about 99 for Unix 99 for Windows 99 GWTDOMAIN 13 130 GWWS administration 117 GWWS command 103 Exalogic 125 126 GWWS instances Exalogic machine benefits 118 about 7 GWWS server Tuxedo installing on 126 127 monitoring 118 119 EXALOGIC_MSGQ_CACHE SIZE tuning 117 variable 133 140 www it ebooks info H help command all 43 history Tuxedo 9 InfiniBand fabric 125 installation components Tuxedo 15 installation procedures Tuxedo about 16 console installation 17 graphical user interface installation 16 silent installation 17 installation
49. MAIN to listen on IPoIB To configure the gateway domain to listen to IPoIB you need to add NWADDR with a port number as shown in the following example DM LOCAL Node2 GWGRP DOMGRP TYPE TDOMAIN DM_ TDOMAIN Node2 NWADDR IB IP 27766 Configuring GWTDOMAIN to connect using IPoIB To configure the gateway domain to connect through IPoIB you need to add NWADDR with a port number as shown in the following example DM LOCAL Node2 GWGRP DOMGRP TYPE TDOMAIN DM REMOTE Node3 TYPE TDOMAIN DOMAINID EXALOGIC_ Node3 DM_ TDOMAIN Node3 NWADDR IB IP 27766 The workstation listener WSL To configure WSL on SDP or IpoIB you need to use the following option in the DMCONF1G file e WSL listening on SDP Refer to the following example on using the WSL configuration using SDP SERVERS DEFAULT CLOPT A WSL SRVGRP WSGRP SRVID 1001 CLOPT A n sdp IB IP 11101 m1 M10 x1 131 www it ebooks info Oracle Tuxedo Joining the Exalogic Family e WSL listening on IPoIB Refer to the following example on using the WSL configuration using IPoIB SERVERS DEFAULT CLOPT A WSL SRVGRP WSGRP SRVID 1001 CLOPT A n IB_IP 11101 m1 M10 x1 The workstation WS client For the workstation WS client you need to set the WSNADDR environment variable in the following ways e SDP export WSNADDR sdp IB_IP 1001 e IpoIB export WSNADDR IB_IP 1001 The jolt service li
50. ONFIG which needs to be set in the environment UnixPromt gt qmadmin gt crdl home applicationQ CustomerQdev 0 500 61 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo At this point your device is created with a size of 500 physical pages beginning offset at block 0 you need to create the queue space next gt qspacecreate Queue space name QueueSpacel IPC Key for queue space 12345 Size of queue space in disk pages 300 Number of queues in queue space 3 Number of concurrent transactions in queue space 4 Number of concurrent processes in queue space 4 Number of messages in queue space 20 Error queue name ErrorQ Initialize extents y n default n y Blocking factor default 16 16 You have created the queue space and now you need to create a queue using the same qmadmin command gt qcreate Queue name Customer Queue order priority time fifo lifo fifo Out of ordering enqueuing top msgid default none none Retries default 0 2 Retry delay in seconds default 0 30 High limit for queue capacity warning b for bytes used B for blocks used for percent used m for messages default 100 80 Reset low limit for queue capacity warning default 0 0 Queue capacity command No default queue capacity command Queue Customer created You have created the Customer queue use the same steps to create ErrorQ before you exit out of this tool Note
51. TSAM 46 51 installation Tuxedo on Exalogic machine 126 127 J Jolt Listener Handler JSL JSH 12 Jolt service listener JSL about 132 on IPoIB 132 on SDP 132 K kill command 135 L Last In First Out LIFO 61 LDBAL parameter 60 LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable 22 link level security 115 load balancing 60 LOAD parameter 60 Local Monitor Server LMS 13 logfiles 57 M MACHINES section about 28 parameters 28 29 Management Information Base See MIB master machine node 12 master yes command 43 max_content_length parameter 117 MIB about 45 components 42 middleware characteristics Tuxedo 10 Migrate feature 69 mkfld32fromschema function 103 mkfldfromschema function 103 mkfldhdr32 command 40 mkfldhdr command 40 mklanginfo command 40 mkview32fromschema function 103 mkviewfromschema function 103 modularity 67 monitoring console functionalities TSAM 56 MP mode 129 multiple program broadcasting 89 MyService function 80 N native client about 76 compiling 78 native web services configuring 109 110 NETGROUPS section about 34 parameters 34 NETWORK section about 30 parameters 31 Novell 9 O Oracle TSAM Application Server Deployment 54 Oracle TSAM Console 46 Oracle TSAM Data Server 46 Oracle TSAM Manager Database Server Deployment 54 Oracle TSAM Manager LDAP Deployment 53 Oracle Tuxedo running 133 141 www it ebooks info P paradigms for client server commu
52. To modify the SOAP XML payload and the Tuxedo buffer types convert the routine to fit your own plugins For more information on this refer to Oracle s SALT user manual For example lt Definition gt lt WSBinding id simpapp binding gt lt Servicegroup id simpapp gt lt Service name toupper gt lt Property name mapsoapheader value true gt lt Service gt lt Servicegroup gt lt SOAP version 1 2 style rpc use encoded gt lt AccessingPoints gt lt AccessingPoints gt lt SOAP gt lt WSBinding gt lt Definition gt 2 Using the WS Policy files To use advanced features such as reliable messaging or web service message level security you may need to configure the WS Policy files 109 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo 3 Generating a WSDL file from a native WSDF You need to use tmwsdlgen on WSDF to create a WSDL file for example Prompt gt tmwsdlgen c MyApp wsdf o MyApp wsdl So in this section we have briefly discussed the steps to expose Tuxedo services as web services Configuration of external web services Tuxedo can invoke an external web service and to do that you need to carry out the following steps 1 Converting a WSDL file into Tuxedo definitions The command wsdicvt is a wrapper script that provides a user friendly WSDL converter interface Prompt gt wsdlcvt i ExWebService wsdl o tuxDefinition The following files a
53. Tuxedo Various APIs GWADM This Tuxedo system gateway admin server registers with the DMADM server to get the configuration data used by the other gateway group This server accepts requests from the domain admin server for runtime information or changes occurred during runtime for a gateway group GWTDOMAIN This Tuxedo system server is called Domain Gateways and it is very asynchronous in nature It has the multi tasking functionality and can handle outgoing and incoming service requests to or from other remote domains LMS The Local Monitor Server LMS is a Tuxedo system server A LMS is required on each Tuxedo machine if the node needs to be monitored we will discuss this in detail in Chapter 2 Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo under Tuxedo System and Application Monitoring TSAM GWWS This is a Tuxedo system server and a major component for Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo SALT It works like a bidirectional inbound and outbound adapter that connects with other web service applications using SOAP over HTTP S protocols Connecting WebLogic Domain The WebLogic Tuxedo connector is an add on product that works as a bidirectional adapter for Tuxedo services and WebLogic server applications The adapter helps the WebLogic server s clients to call a Tuxedo service and Tuxedo clients to call any WebLogic server s Enterprise Java Beans EJBs In this section we introduced Tuxedo s client server concepts in brief
54. a center or to enforce inter organizational boundaries The Tuxedo domains are autonomous which means they are administered independently of each other Domains are defined by the administrator he she defines how the services in one domain are made available to another There are basically three components for the Tuxedo domain architecture DoMain Administrative server DMADM GateWay Administrative server GWADM and Domain Gateway server GWIDOMAIN which I have briefly discussed later 63 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo Please refer to the following diagram for more clarity Client request for create cust Client Client fa Inventory nee Ate Request 7 Order MGMT x Customer MGMT rA BB BB BB BBL Servers A Servers BBL BBL Servers L Services x Services Services Server OMGMT nee S Server CUST on Server INVEN X coal Create OR T Create Cust Update Status pp nanen Cancel OR code AMI w Update Cust Code ATMI New Item Code AIMI awam DMADM GWADM DMADM BDMCONFIG GWTDOMAIN TLOG BDMCONFIG Ce J BDMCONFIG TLOG o Network The domain configuration file The domain configuration file is a text file very similar to the UBBCONFIG file and it is called the DMCONFIG fil
55. a movement complex transformations and real time data integration with the robust capabilities of ODI in this practical guide 1 Discover the comprehensive and sophisticated orchestration of data integration tasks made possible with ODI including monitoring and error management Getting Started with Oracle Data Integrator 11g A Hands On Tutorial 2 Get to grips with the product architecture and building data integration processes with technologies including Oracle Microsoft SQL Server and XML files 3 A comprehensive tutorial packed with tips images and best practices Oracle Advanced PL SQL Developer Professional Guide ISBN 978 1 84968 722 5 Paperback 440 pages Master advanced PL SQL concepts along with plenty of example questions for 1Z0 146 examination 1 Blitz the 1Z0 146 exam Oracle Advanced PL SQL 2 Master the advanced features of PL SQL to Developer Professional Guide design and optimize code using real time NE demonstrations 46 oxa 3 Efficiently design PL SQL code with cursor design and subtypes Saurabh K Gupta Please check www PacktPub com for information on our titles www it ebooks info PACKT PUBLISHING Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition 11g A Hands On Tutorial oitering with this action packed implementation guide Haroun Khan Christian Screen Adrian Ward Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition 11g A Hands On Tutorial
56. age Local dequeue Local dequeue deg 4 Service C_List Application Q space Service P_List tpreturn Service C_List Client_Reply ERRORQ qmadmin 88 www it ebooks info Chapter 3 The syntax for the tpenqueue and tpdequeue function is as follows you also need to include lt atmi h gt e tpenqueue int tpenqueue char q space char q name TPOQCTL ctlptr char indata long length long flags e tpdequeue int tpdequeue char q space char q name TPQCTL ctlptr char indata long length long flags The flags value can be set using one of these four different ways TPNOTRAN TPNOBLOCK TPNOTIME and TPSIGRSTRT Event based communication So far we have discussed the request response communication paradigm and using a queue for communication but many times we may be required to handle unexpected real world events that if not properly handled may affect the business Tuxedo basically offers two kinds of event based communications unsolicited client notification and the event broker server Unsolicited notifications are used to communicate with the client Tuxedo provides two mechanisms to manage these simple events single program notifications and multiple program broadcasting These help to communicate unsolicited notifications to the clients only as the servers are designed to receive solicited communica
57. ameters 107 sections 25 about 128 ud command 41 Universal Device List UDL 93 Universal Unique Identifier UUID 41 Unix GUI based installation of SALT 99 UNIX System Laboratories USL 9 unsolicited client notification 89 userlog method 75 uuidgen command 41 V variables Tuxedo PATH 21 TUXCONFIG 21 TUXDIR 21 VIEW buffer 83 84 viewc32 command 41 viewc command 41 VIEWDIR variable 21 viewdis32 command 41 145 www it ebooks info VIEWFILES variable 21 viewsviewdis command 41 VIEW VIEW32 buffer 21 W WebLogic Tuxedo connector WTC 132 web services configuring 106 web services programming 120 Windows GUl based installation of SALT 99 wlisten command 41 work flow 97 Workstation Handler WSH 12 workstation listener WSL about 12 131 on IPoIB 132 on SDP 131 workstation WS client about 76 132 compiling 78 wsadmin function 105 wsdlcvt utility 97 105 WSDL utilities for SALT 97 wsloadcf function 105 113 WS_MIB 42 wud command 41 X XATMI 8 XML buffer 86 146 www it ebooks info PAC KT Thank you for buying pustisuinc Getting Started with Oracle Tuxedo About Packt Publishing Packt pronounced packed published its first book Mastering phpMyAdmin for Effective MySQL Management in April 2004 and subsequently continued to specialize in publishing highly focused books on specific technologies and solutions Our books and publications share the experience
58. and 40 COBOL 71 command line interface Tuxedo application 43 44 commands Tuxedo buildclient 39 buildclient command 36 buildclt 40 buildserver 37 40 buildtms 37 40 buildwsh 39 40 cobcc 40 dmadmin 40 dmunloadcf 40 gencat 40 mkfldhdr 40 mkfldhdr32 40 mklanginfo 40 qmadmin 40 rex 40 tidl 40 tlisten 40 tmadmin 40 138 www it ebooks info tmboot 38 40 tmconfig 40 tmipcrm 40 tmloadcf 38 40 tmshutdown 39 40 tpacladd 41 tpaclevt 41 tpacldel 41 tpaclmod 41 tpadduser 41 tpdelusr 41 tpgrpadd 41 tperpdel 41 tpmodusr 41 tpusradd 41 tpusrdel 41 tpusrmod 41 tuxadm 41 tuxwsvr 41 txrpt 41 ud 41 ud32 wud32 41 uuidgen 41 viewc 41 viewc32 41 viewdis32 41 viewsviewdis 41 wlisten 41 wud 41 components MIB ACL _MIB 42 APPQ_ MIB 42 DM_MIB 42 EVENT_MIB 42 WS_MIB 42 components TSAM TSAM Agent 46 TSAM Manager 46 components TSAM Agent Local Monitor Server LMS 46 TSAM Framework 46 TSAM Plug In 46 components TSAM Manager Oracle TSAM Console 46 Oracle TSAM Data Server 46 components Tuxedo Bridge 12 Bulletin Board BB 11 Bulletin Board Liaison BBL 11 Distinguished BBL 12 DMADM 13 GWADM 13 GWTDOMAIN 13 GWWS 13 Jolt Listener Handler JSL JSH 12 LMS 13 master machine node 12 TMQFORWARD 12 TMQUEUE 12 TMS 12 Tuxedo client processes 12 Tuxedo server processes 12 WebLogic Tuxedo connector 13 Workstation Handler WSH 12 Workstation Li
59. ansaction management is one of the most important features of Tuxedo for example two phase commit protocol which is also known as XA e Tuxedo provides a reliable message queuing mechanism called Q which supports XA It provides a reliable and persistent queuing technique that allows applications to unequivocally queue requests to a queue e The following additional features although not required are typical of the client server model There are various types of message passing mechanisms which are typically asynchronous synchronous unsolicited notification conversational or publish subscribe Clients and servers typically reside on separate machines connected through a network but they can reside in the same machine too e There are various security features such as auditing authorization authentication and encryption available for use e T EE 3 Request Server ow Server Response a _ Response Request jn Response o ee Clients Clients Data Center 1 LAN Clients Data Center 2 LAN 8 www it ebooks info Chapter 1 Some of the benefits of client server technology
60. any Exalogic node by having only one copy of Tuxedo executable You need to log in as a Tuxedo administrator and go to the installer directory where you downloaded it The installation is very self explanatory and simple Please run the following command Prompt gt sh tuxedo111130 64 Linux 01 x86 bin i console You will be given options pick a number to proceed with the installation of Tuxedo on an Exalogic machine Pick 1 for Local screen Pick 1 for full install Pick 1 for Oracle Home Enter Oracle Home Directory Shared file system Pick 2 for product directory You may installed Samples by choosing Y You need to press lt Enter gt as you see ready to install screen Configure tlisten as installation finishes SSL installation is not mandatory you need to setup LDAP if you like to have SSL Your installation is complete and presses lt Enter gt to exit the installer So far we have discussed what Exalogic is and how to install Tuxedo on it The installation is very simple as long as you have commissioned the Exalogic machine properly Tuxedo configuration and runtime We know how to configure various Tuxedo components quite well by now so in this section we will discuss only the configuration relating to an Exalogic machine 127 www it ebooks info Oracle Tuxedo Joining the Exalogic Family The UBBCONFIG file In this section we will discuss all the configuration related tasks using the UBBCONFIG f
61. ariations of VIEW normal VIEW which uses C language s short integer to store a field and VIEW32 which uses a long integer to do the same You need to take the following steps to use VIEW VIEW32 1 Define the VIEW structure in a file You need to compile using viewc or viewc32 with the n option to create a view file and a header file which needs to be included in your program for both the client and the server 3 Then set the environment variable VIEWFILES VIEWFILES32 with your view file and VIEWDIR VIEWDIR32 pointing to the directory of the view file The following is a sample of a VIEW file VIEW SampleView TYPE CNAME FBNAME COUNT FLAG SIZE NULL String Str1 Stri 4 10 Char Charl Charl 1 Long Long1 long1 1 END 83 www it ebooks info Development of Tuxedo Various APIs The following are the attributes of a VIEW file e TYPE This specifies the data type Short Long Char and so on e CNAME This is the variable name in the structure FBNAME This is the FML name that is needed to exchange the VIEW and FML types and vice versa e count This specifies the fields with multiple occurrences e FLAG This is to control mapping types for VIEW with other buffer types e SIZE This specifies the size of the field e NULL This is the application defined null value for the field The following code snippet helps you with allocating the VIEW type struct SampleView SampleViewPtr
62. ata in multiple resources of multiple databases or file systems To achieve this one needs to use a Distributed Transaction Processing DTP model The eXtended Architecture XA standard defines the two phase commit protocol that helps to achieve this challenging task The XA was originally conceived in the Tuxedo project and has been standardized by the X Open Company Ltd an independent worldwide open system organization supported by most IT organizations in the world In this scenario a communication between a transaction manager TM and a resource manager RM is done through APIs based on Tuxedo XA An RM is a system service for example database system that manages durable data A TM manages distributed transactions which may span multiple resource managers It manages a two phase commit to maintain the ACID properties which involves coordination among multiple resource managers to commit distributed transactions or it rolls them back if one of them fails to commit and instead coordinates failure recovery In a Tuxedo based application the Tuxedo system plays both the role of TM and RM We have discussed a Tuxedo queue as a reliable messaging queue as it uses this XA standard to make the queue based messaging ACIDic in nature where the application s queuing manager is an RM In Tuxedo a TM does the following for a transaction e Creates a global transaction identifier GTI when the application initiates a transaction e
63. ations WebService Domain Calls Mainframe SCA Component ient TSAM Web Admin Tuxedo has a very rich set of internal components shown in the previous diagram that provide runtime support for application availability scalability and extendibility I will briefly introduce them to you in this chapter and we will be discussing them in detail in the following chapters they are as follows e Bulletin Board BB This is the first process as you start Tuxedo it stores the configuration and dynamic information for the whole Tuxedo system It stays in the shared memory and is available to all the processes of the Tuxedo system The BB translates a service name to a specific server When a client calls a service the BB is used to look up which servers offer the requested service and based on this information the request message is put on the request queue of the correct server Once the message is ready to be passed on to the client it enqueues it to reply queue for the designated client e Bulletin Board Liaison BBL This Tuxedo administrative process monitors the other processes of Tuxedo systems 11 www it ebooks info Getting Started with Tuxedo Distinguished BBL The DBBL is the master monitor for a multimode clustered Tuxedo environment responsible for overseeing the BB on each node Also for networked applications a backup node may be designated for the DBBL Bridge This process is
64. but having a good tool for network management will be very helpful e Hardware is another area that can cause slowdowns If the platform is heavily loaded it may be necessary to tune the server Unix kernel parameters shared memory message queues and semaphores if you think you have done enough and it is still slow loaded add more hardware to take up the load e Check if a service uses too many CPU cycles You may need to involve the development team to redesign the service e The database needs to be tuned many times as it tends to be overlooked e Itis not recommended to have a service calling another service in the same server as it may cause a bottleneck e Do not use the Multiple Server Single Queue MSSQ without looking at its usage and throughput 68 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 e There could be some problem when servers restart themselves multiple times and you may not notice it as you see some of them are up at any given time Restarting a server loads the system a great deal and that can slow down the application so please look at the ULOG and check for any kind of behavior like this e Many times we can use multiple nodes MP mode but do not use the Migrate feature in the RESOURCE section Summary In this chapter we discussed various components of a Tuxedo application from the administrative perspective I explained the configuration file and its structure and the relevance of its paramete
65. called TMUSREVT It helps to store the subscription information as tpsubscribe is being called similarly tppost invokes it to post an event for the subscriber s In the case of unsolicited subscription this server creates a message using tppost and sends an unsolicited message to the clients that subscribed to that unsolicited event Let us look at how we can subscribe post and unsubscribe from an event e Subscribe to an event by name using the tpsubscribe function The event expr argument is the name of one or more events filterptr is the rule to select the specific event ct lptr is the pointer to an event control structure it is NULL for unsolicited notifications and the flags parameter is TPEVSERVICE TPEVQUEUE TPEVTRAN Or TPEVPERSIST The tpsubscribe function returns a handler for a specific subscription which should be used for unsubscription tpsubscribe long tpsubscribe char event expr char filterptr TPEVCTL ctlptr long flags e Post initiate or notify an event by using tppost It posts an event identified by event name indata is the message you would like to pass to its subscriber s length is the message length and flags can have values TPSIGRSTRT TPNOTRAN TPNOREPLY TPNOBLOCK and TPNOTIME tppost tppost char event name char indata long length long flags e Unsubscribe from the event by using tpunsubscribe The subscription is a valid handler returned by tpsubscribe A c
66. can only be invoked from the master machine It also shuts down the entire server if no other parameter is passed tmshutdown options List of Tuxedo commands The following is the list of Tuxedo commands e buildwsh This command builds a customized workstation handler process buildclient This command compiles and builds a Tuxedo client module 39 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo buildclt This command compiles and builds a Tuxedo workstation client program on the MS platform buildserver This command compiles and builds a Tuxedo server buildtms This command compiles and builds a TMS load module buildwsh This command compiles and builds a customized workstation handler process cobcc This command is the COBOL compilation interface dmadmin This is the administration command interpreter for Tuxedo domains dmunloadcf This command unloads a BDMCONFTIG file a binary domain configuration file gencat This command generates a formatted message catalog mkfldhdr mkf1ldhdr32 This command creates FML FML32 header files from field tables mklanginfo This command compiles language information constants for a locale qmadmin This is an administration command interpreter for the queue manager rex This command is an offline regular expression compiler and tester tidl This is an Interface Definition Language compiler t listen This is a generic listener process tmadmin Th
67. clients we previously discussed the difference is that you need to have the lt workStationParameters gt element and its subelements in the composite The SCA runtime automatically detects whether the client is built as an SCA native client or an SCA WS client and it loads the correct reference binding library accordingly The environment variable APPDIR needs to point to the client s application directory SCA web service client configuration The SCA web service client uses the lt binding ws gt element unlike the SCA native client which uses lt binding atmi gt The environment variable APPDIR needs to be pointed to the client s application directory The appropriate proxy stub needs to be built in lt interface cpp gt The WSDL file needs to be in the client directory where the endpoints are defined in the lt binding ws gt element Also you need to carry out the following steps for configuring the GWWS server 1 Shutdown TMMETADATA and Gwws if they are up and running 2 Runwsdicvt on the WSDL to produce a WSDF file a Tuxedo metadata repository interface definitions file the FML32 field tables and XML schemas 3 Check and update if needed the WSDF file for the correct endpoint address used at runtime 4 Runtmloadrepos to load the interface definitions into the TMMETADATA server from the Tuxedo metadata repository Alter the reference to the WSDF file in the configuration input file for Gwws Run wsloadcf to reload t
68. cluded first in the compilation and link edit phases of buildclient e 1 The file s to be included last in the compilation and link edit phases of buildclient e c This is to specify COBOL compilation An example of compiling a native client call my_client is as follows gt buildclient o my client f my client c An example of compiling a WS client call my_client is as follows gt buildclient w o my client f my client c Tuxedo client ATMI functions The following is a list of Tuxedo client ATMI commands along with their syntax e tpinit int tpinit TPINIT tpinfo e tpceall int tpcall char service char indata long ilen char xoutdata long olen long flags e tpacall int tpacall char service char indata long length long flags e tpgetreply int tpgetrply int cd char indata long length long flags 78 www it ebooks info Chapter 3 tpenqueue int tpenqueue char q space char q name TPOQCTL ctl char indata long length long flags tpdqueue int tpdequeue char q space char q name TPQCTL ctl char indata long length long flags tpnotify int tpnotify CLIENTID client id char indata long length long flags tpbroadcast int tpbroadcast char lmid clt char usr name char clt name char indata long length long flags tpsetunsol void tpsetunsol void _TMDLLENTRY displ char indata long length long flags char indata long length long flag
69. configuration Therefore we will be using all automated scripts provided by TSAM to deploy and configure TSAM or the required components before we start monitoring In the following examples we will use Unix script there are similar Windows script available for Windows I have picked up WebLogic and an Oracle database as these are the natural choices 1 Deploy the Oracle TSAM Agent You need to add the LMS to each MACHINES section of the UBBCONFTG file as follows MACHINES Sitel GROUPS LMS GRP LMID Sitel SERVERS LMS SRVGRP LMS GRP SRVID 1 MINDISPATCHTHREADS 1 MAXDISPATCHTHREADS 5 CLOPT A l tsamweb abc com 8080 tsam The 1 option specifies the Oracle TSAM Data Server address which is configured in the Oracle TSAM Manager Now as normal procedure you need to run tmloadcf on this new UBBCONFIG file and reboot the application 2 Deploy the Oracle TSAM Manager Oracle TSAM Manager LDAP Deployment The TSAM Manager works as a web application in a servlet JSP container It uses the database to store persistent Tuxedo performance and monitoring data Before using the Oracle TSAM Manager it must be deployed to a database server and a web application container If you have provided LDAP information during installation the LDAP deployment is done automatically otherwise you must do the LDAP deployment using the LDAPDeployer sh LDAPDeployer cmd utility which you can find under the deploy directory under t
70. cs oracle com cd E26665_ 01 tuxedo docsligr1 pgc pgbuf html wp1274232 So in this section we have discussed all the five types of buffers that Tuxedo supports and you will be able to pick the best fit for your application design Client server communication paradigms In this section we will discuss client server communication paradigms There are four different ways these communications can take place namely request reply conversational communication by using a queue and event based There is a single namespace for all the service names so from an administrative point of view a service name can be defined as either request response or conversational A request reply service can be called using tpcall tpacall or tpforward tpconnect can only be used to call a conversational service 86 www it ebooks info Chapter 3 Request reply This works in the following ways 1 First it receives one request at a time and handles one request at a time 2 Then it returns using tpreturn or forwards using tpforward the result my Using tpforward to invoke a service in the same server works Q but it is not considered a best practice as it defeats the purpose of using tpforward to free up the server to process more requests Conversational A service can become conversational by configuring and cannot be called using any other ATMI interface except tpconnect The following are the characte
71. cteristics so that you are able to design and build a standard Tuxedo application quickly The two primary languages used for writing a Tuxedo application are C and COBOL C is also used for the object oriented version of Tuxedo which is CORBA based this is not discussed in this book Introduction to the Application Programing Interface The core interfaces for Tuxedo are defined in C and COBOL but there are also some third party languages available for developing a Tuxedo application As a developer you will be able to choose the platform for a Tuxedo client server based on the ease of development debugging tools performance overhead and expertise www it ebooks info Development of Tuxedo Various APIs Here I have listed most of the Tuxedo ATMI interfaces for C and COBOL for quick reference We will discuss them in more detail in the following sections of this chapter ATMI type C API COBOL API Comments Client tpinit tpterm tpchkauth TPINITIALIZE TPTERM TPCHKAUTH Allows a client program to join an application Allows a client to leave the application Checks if authentication is needed Communication request response tpcall tpacall tpgetreply tpcancel TPCALL TPACALL TPGETREPLY TPCANCLE Synchronous call to a service Asynchronous call to a service Gets a reply back for an asynchronous call Cancels an asynchronous call t
72. ction 104 scastructdis32 function 104 scastructdis function 104 SCA transactions 122 123 scatuxgen function 104 SCA web service client configuring 114 SCA web service server configuring 115 SCA workstation client configuring 114 sections UBBCONFIG file about 25 142 www it ebooks info GROUPS section 30 MACHINES section 28 29 NETGROUPS section 34 35 NETWORK section 30 31 RESOURCES section 26 27 ROUTING section 34 SERVER section 31 32 SERVICE section 32 33 security about 57 application password APP PW 58 end user authentication USER_AUTH 58 mandatory access control MANDATORY_ACL 58 no authentication NONE 58 optional access control ACL 58 SERVER section about 31 parameters 31 32 service about 7 advertising ways 80 81 Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo See SALT Service Component Architecture See SCA service contract discovery configuring 116 service metadata repository about 97 107 tmloadrepos utility 107 tmunloadrepos utility 108 tpgetrepos utility 108 tpsetrepos utility 108 Service Oriented Architecture SOA 7 95 SERVICE section about 32 parameters 32 33 setSCAPasswordCallback function 104 silent installation Tuxedo 17 silent mode installation SALT 100 single program notifications 89 Socket Direct Protocol SDP about 129 database 133 EXALOGIC_MSGQ_CACHE_SIZE variable 133 GWTDOMAIN 130 Jolt service listener JSL 132 MP mode 129 WebLogic Tuxedo connector WTC 13
73. cussed how to use the GUI and command line interfaces for monitoring the Tuxedo applications but you can also write a program using a Management Information Base MIB interface for monitoring purposes that can modify the TUXCONF1IG file for you if you need to make changes to any configuration The MIBs provide the framework for programmed administration of the Tuxedo system For more information please refer to Oracle online documentation Tuxedo System and Application Monitoring TSAM TSAM is an Oracle Tuxedo add on product that provides comprehensive monitoring and reporting for the Tuxedo application It monitors runtime performance bottlenecks and business data fluctuations determines service models and provides notification when predefined thresholds are violated In this section we will discuss and provide an overview on its architectural components and the relation between them the installation procedure and a quick start guideline to monitor your Tuxedo application using TSAM TSAM comprises of the following two components Tuxedo Node 1 TSAM Manager Tuxedo Process Web Container Y ye Plug In LMS TSAM TSAM Framework TSAM DATA gt Console Server Web Browsers Tuxedo Node N Ad Tuxedo Process X J Plug In ne E TSAM Framework Database J 45 www it ebooks in
74. dependent routing is not done for this service A string must be 15 characters or less in length If multiple entries exist for the same service name but with different SRVGRP parameters the ROUTING parameter must be the same for all of these entries The name of the server group from which SVCNAM gets all the group parameter settings The dequeuing priority of SVCNM This sets the non transactional blocking time value in seconds of the indicated service The amount of time in seconds that is allowed for the processing of the indicated service The value must be greater than or equal to zero A value of zero indicates that the service will not be timed out This is the default timeout value in seconds for a transaction automatically started for the associated service The default is 30 seconds A value of zero implies that no timeout occurs for the machine 33 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo The ROUTING section The ROUTING section provides information for data dependent routing of service requests using Tuxedo buffer types such as the FML VIEW and xML buffers Parameter name and values Required Comments values what it means optional ROUTING CRITERIA _NAME Required This is a name assigned to a routing string value parameter for a service defined in the SERVICE section FIELD string value Required This is the actual routing based on the values of the
75. directory for a walkthrough 17 www it ebooks info Getting Started with Tuxedo Summary In this chapter we introduced Tuxedo as a client server platform where you can build your distributed application and its benefits We also discussed Tuxedo architecture and how it has evolved over the past years We briefly discussed the various components of Tuxedo and finally saw how to install Tuxedo in various modes for different operating systems I have mentioned some of the important guidelines and prerequisites to help you set up the environment for your Tuxedo installation The installation is very interactive and simple so I have not put in any screenshots or line by line instructions 18 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo In this chapter we will discuss the essentials of Tuxedo configuration and administration and the tools used by a Tuxedo administrator to perform day to day operations In this chapter we will cover the following topics e Administration of a Tuxedo application e Structure of a Tuxedo application configuration file e Parameters in the configuration file e Environment variables e Commands and tools to build monitor and change the Tuxedo system configuration e Various important components and built in features of Tuxedo e Tuning and monitoring guidelines This chapter is basically dedicated to Tuxedo administrators and is divided into two main cate
76. dministrator and that is why Tuxedo provides mainly three levels of security features in addition Kerberos can be added for more e First level This is provided by the operating system This security imposes restrictions on the clients and the administrator e Second level This is provided by Tuxedo By default any client program can join a Tuxedo application but an application can be configured to ensure that all clients joining the application need to provide the password There are many ways to restrict the client s access to the application e Third level This is provided by an authentication service that checks for the combination of user identification password and client name and it can connect to the Tuxedo application only if it passes this security 57 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo There are mainly five types of incremental security provided by Tuxedo which are as follows e No authentication NONE This level might be used in a development environment or in physically secured environments as the clients do not need to be authenticated to join the application e Application password APP pw This is a single password for the entire application all the clients must provide this password to join the application End user authentication USER_AUTH In this level the client needs to provide a username and password this is to customize the security for application
77. dress and port number in the DMCONF IG file to accept a connection request from another GWTDOMAIN As a client it will initiate a connection request to another GWTDOMAIN by the policy configured in the DMcONFIG file It is more useful to use an explicit IP address when configuring GWTDOMAIN in the DMCONFIG file though you can configure it with a hostname Normally every Exalogic node has at least two types of network interface an IB interface and an Ethernet interface So to configure GWTDOMAIN you take the IB interface to bind with the IP address IB IP and the Ethernet interface to bind with IP address ETH_1P We have the following four examples listed to show you how to configure GWTDOMAIN in the DMCONFIG file to use SDP or IPoIB as server and client respectively in an Exalogic environment Configuring GWTDOMAIN to listen on SDP To configure the gateway domain to listen to SDP you need to add NWADDR witha port number as shown in the following example DM LOCAL Nodel GWGRP DOMGRP TYPE TDOMAIN DM_ TDOMAIN Nodel NWADDR sdp IB IP 27766 Configuring GWTDOMAIN to connect using SDP To configure the gateway domain to connect to SDP you need to add NWADDR with a port number as shown in the following example DM LOCAL Node1 GWGRP DOMGRP TYPE TDOMAIN 130 www it ebooks info Chapter 5 DM REMOTE Node2 TYPE TDOMAIN DOMAINID EXALOGIC Node2 DM TDOMAIN Node2 NWADDR sdp IB IP 27766 Configuring GWTDO
78. dware requisites 14 history 9 installation components 15 installation procedures 16 installing on Exalogic machine 126 127 middleware characteristics 10 software requisites 14 transactional functions 92 transactions 90 Tuxedo administration about 20 tasks 20 21 Tuxedo application command line interface 43 44 configuring 22 environment variables 21 22 modifying 42 monitoring 42 tuning 67 69 Tuxedo client ATMI functions 78 79 developing 76 native client 76 sample client code structure 77 WorkStation WS client 76 Tuxedo client processes 12 Tuxedo domain about 63 64 administrative servers 64 administrative tools 65 configuration file 64 configuring 66 67 gateway servers 64 running 66 67 transaction log creating 65 Tuxedo MIB Application Programming Interface 45 Tuxedo queue administering 60 monitoring 63 queue devices creating 61 queues creating 61 queue space creating 61 resources configuring 61 Tuxedo server ATMI functions 81 compiling 81 82 developing 79 sample server code structure 80 service advertising 80 81 Tuxedo server processes 12 Tuxedo service about 97 invoking through SALT 121 Tuxedo System and Application Monitoring See TSAM Tuxedo Transaction Log TLOG 93 tuxgetenv method 75 tux_msgq_monitor function about 133 starting 134 stopping 135 tuxputenv method 75 tuxscagen function 105 tuxwsvr command 41 txrpt command 41 U UBBCOMFIG file 12 about 21 22 106 par
79. e The dmloadcf command converts this text file to a binary file called BDMCONFIG You need to create a separate DMCONFIG file for each Oracle Tuxedo domain participating in the configuration Please make sure that the DMCONFIG environment variable is set on each domain The domain gateway server This Tuxedo provided server communicates with other domains It also supports multiple networks multiple domains transaction management multiple communication modules request reply queue based and conversational and Tuxedo buffer types The domain administrative server Tuxedo s Domain Administrative server DMADM is used to administer a domain configuration A domain gateway group has a GWADM server which is a gateway administrative server one GWIDOMAIN which is a domain gateway server and a TLOG which is optional Please refer to the previous diagram The GWADM server allows runtime administration of the domain gateway A DMADM server helps with the administration of the Tuxedo domain configuration file BDMCONFIG 64 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 Administrative tools for the domain Like all other Tuxedo components an administrator has to monitor and maintain the Tuxedo domain There are three basic administrative commands provided by the Tuxedo system and they are as follows e dmloadcf This reads and checks the syntax of the DMCoNnFIG file and converts it to a binary BDMCONFIG configuration file e dmunl
80. e data to the TSAM Manager through an HTTP protocol The LMS is required on each Tuxedo machine if the node needs to be monitored e TSAM Framework This is a data collection engine working between the Tuxedo infrastructure and other TSAM components It collects the runtime metrics alerts evaluation and monitors policy enforcement e TSAM Plug In The TSAM Agent provides default plugins for sending data to the LMS and then to the TSAM Manager The plugin allows custom plugins to be hooked to intercept the metrics The default plugin communicates with the LMS with shared memory Applications will not be blocked at the metrics collection point Installing TSAM TSAM can be installed basically in two modes GUI mode in Unix or Windows and console mode for Unix machines We will be using the console mode installation in this book GUI mode installation is very self explanatory and it goes through the same steps as console installation so please refer to the following instructions for GUI installation too 46 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 The following steps are required to install the TSAM Manager and the TSAM Agent software in console mode on a certified Unix platform Please read the prompt carefully as these displays are very interactive and you need to give the input accordingly You may go through the following 11 steps and write down your input before you start your installation It is also a good idea to look at steps
81. e done by a client or server and both these processes are transactional XA compliant which ensures no message loss and therefore improved reliability TMS_M is the transaction resource manager which works with all the queue servers TMQUEUE and TMQFORWARD provided by Tuxedo The TMQUEUE server provides enqueuing and dequeuing services The enqueuing process calls tx_begin to start a transaction and then enqueues the message and ends the transaction with tx_commit The message is ready to be dequeued once enqueuing is done Similarly to dequeue a message this dequeue process starts the transaction dequeues the message and delivers it to the other party when the tx_ commit function called by the dequeuing process returns successfully it means the message has been removed from the queue The TMQFORWARD server provides a service that dequeues a message and passes them to a service therefore providing a mechanism to call a service using a queue One common use of an application queue is for storing requests and then using TMQFORWARD to forward them to a service routine Also online service requests that failed can be enqueued in an application queue for later processing Tuxedo Server Side Client TMQUEUE TMQFORWAD SERVER SERVER i p Service P_List enQ aa Q TMS _QM AT A tpenqueue Message Local enqueue Local enqueue i tpcall x tpreturn i ae ee tpdequeue Mess
82. e gt i lt output_ interface _filename gt m lt max intf arguments gt y v F c h g lt ila s gt trepository lt filename gt tinfile lt metarepos infile gt tmetadata wsadmin wsadmin v This is the administrative command for the GWWS server which helps you to monitor this process Use help with this command for a list of commands wsdlcvt wsdlcvt i WSDL _ URL o This command converts output_basename m the WSDL document to a v y w sh metadata input file FML32 sp mapping file and aSALT Web Service Definition file WSDF wsloadcf wsloadcf n y D This creates a binary loglevel saltdeploy_ SALTCONFIG file from the file SALT deployment file and other referenced artifacts 105 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo Configuring the Tuxedo web services In this section we will discuss most of the web services related configuration to set up your SALT environment such as the UBBCONFIG file the Tuxedo metadata repository configuring native or external web services the deployment file and compiling the SALT configuration The UBBCONFIG file We all know the importance of the UBBCONFIG file for a Tuxedo application To incorporate SALT in your application you need to include some entries for SALT components in this file some of them are musts and some of them are optional as described here The TMMETADATA server in the SERVERS
83. e properly set so that the Tuxedo application works in the expected manner Variables for the Tuxedo application server node are as follows e TUXDIR This is the directory where your Tuxedo is installed e TUXCONFIG This is the full path where you have the TUXCONFIG file e PATH This is the directory path for the Tuxedo binary application that has to be added in the PATH variable for example TUXDIR bin Application Directory PATH The following are the environment variables if you use the VIEW VIEW32 buffer e VIEWFILES The name of the VIEW VIEW32 file a comma separated list if you have multiple files e VIEWDIR The application directory where you have the VIEW VIEW32 file a colon separated list of the VIEW VIEW32 file directories 21 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo The following are the environment variables if you use the FML FML32 buffer e FIELDTBLS The name of the FML file a comma separated list of files in case you have multiple files e FLDTBLDIR The application directory where you have the FML file a colon separated list of the FML file directories e FIELDTBLS32 The name of the FML32 file a comma separated list of files in case you have multiple files e FLDTBLDIR32 The application directory where you have the FML32 file a colon separated list of the FML file directories In Unix the LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable is used to load the libraries dynam
84. e provide us with the location address or website name immediately so that we can pursue a remedy Please contact us at copyright packtpub com with a link to the suspected pirated material We appreciate your help in protecting our authors and our ability to bring you valuable content Questions You can contact us at questions packtpub comif you are having a problem with any aspect of the book and we will do our best to address it 5 www it ebooks info Getting Started with Tuxedo In this introductory chapter we ll discuss Oracle Tuxedo for distributed client server technology and how it has evolved over the past decades It gives you a comprehensive overview of Tuxedo architecture and its various important components and their functionalities It then follows with Tuxedo installation procedures in brief and hardware and software requirement guidelines Introduction to the distributed client server architecture using Tuxedo Tuxedo is a middleware for building multitier client server applications in heterogeneous distributed environments It stands for Transactions under Unix Extended for Distributed Operation TUXEDO It is also called the Transaction Monitoring TP Monitor system Tuxedo has been around for more than three decades now and it is expanding every day Today the Service Oriented Architecture SOA or Service Component Architecture SCA is considered as the new architectural approach but Tuxedo ha
85. e with an identical name This approach is static and determined at build time 80 www it ebooks info Chapter 3 e Configuration time The command line options can be used to specify the service names to be advertised e Administratively This administrative GUI or API based approach can be used to advertise or unadvertise a service This is basically a dynamic approach e Runtime using ATMI A service can be dynamically advertised using tpadvertise This is usually done during the server initialization routine It is also possible to advertise a service dynamically from another service Tuxedo server ATMI functions The following is a list of Tuxedo server ATMI commands along with their syntax e tpsvrinit int tpsvrinit int argc char argv e tpsvrdone tpsvrdone e tpreturn tpreturn int r val int r code char indata long length long flags e tpforward tpforward char servicename char indata long length long flags e tpadvertise int tpadvertise char servicename void function e tpunadvertise tpunadvertise char servicename For more detailed information on each of these interfaces please refer to the following URL http docs oracle com cd E26665_ 01 tuxedo docsligr1 rf3c rf3c html wp1022852 How to compile a server Tuxedo provides the buildserver command to construct a Tuxedo server module buildserver C M s services func v o out file lst file 1
86. eb GUI tuxwsvr This is the mini web server for use with the Tuxedo Web GUI txrpt This is the Tuxedo system s server service report program ud wud and ud32 wud32 These are Tuxedo s universal client programs uuidgen This command generates a Universal Unique Identifier UUID viewc and viewc32 These commands view the data compiler for Tuxedo viewsviewdis and viewdis32 These commands view the disassembler for binary view files wlisten This is the Tuxedo Web GUI listener process For detailed options on all these Tuxedo commands please refer to the following URL http docs oracle com cd E26665 01 tuxedo docsllgri1 rfcem rfemd html wp1330814 41 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo Monitoring and changing a Tuxedo application The administrator needs to be able to constantly monitor and tune parameters add or remove a user deploy or undeploy an application and create or change queues access control lists and so on The Tuxedo MIB contains all the information needed for the operation of an Oracle Tuxedo application There are two different administrative tools that access the MIB and allow for dynamic configuration of a Tuxedo application The third one is the Tuxedo Admin Console which has not been updated since Tuxedo 8 and hence it is not included in our discussion TUXEDO Administrator Command Line MI
87. ect 2 you must specify an Oracle home directory The path of this directory must be an absolute existing pathname with write permission otherwise the following message is displayed Overwrite feature The following TSAM 11gR1 feature is found under apps OracleHomes tsamligR1 Do you want to overwrite it 1 No 2 Yes 5 Modify or change the default Oracle TSAM Manager installation folder Choose Install Folder 1 Modify Current Selection apps OracleHomes tsam11gR1 2 Use Current Selection apps OracleHomes tsamli1gR1 ENTER AN ABSOLUTE PATH OR PRESS lt ENTER gt TO ACCEPT THE DEFAULT 6 Choose the authentication type If you choose the Full or Manager install set the Choose Authentication Type screen appears as follows Choose Authentication Type User information can be stored in the Oracle TSAM database or an existing LDAP server The authentication type Local first supports both LDAP only exclusively supports LDAP authentication 1 Local first 2 LDAP only ENTER THE NUMBER FOR YOUR CHOICE OR PRESS lt ENTER gt TO ACCEPT THE DEFAULT If you choose Local first the installer prompts the following Do you want to specify an LDAP configuration file now 1 No Yes 48 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 If you choose No you can specify the LDAP configuration file by running the LDAP deployment utility LDAPDeployer after installation Note that if you choose No in this process there is no
88. ed by this variable Certificate a password phrase for the GWWS servers optional To set SSL link level encryption for Gwws you need to configure a certificate password Configuring Tuxedo authentication for web service clients optional To check the validity of the web service s clients SALT s Gwws servers leverage the Tuxedo authentication framework So the client has to send the user credentials through the SOAP HTTP message header Configuring the Tuxedo security level for outbound HTTP basic authentication optional The USER_AUTH ACL or MANDATORY_ACL options can be defined in the UBBCONF1IG file and in the Tuxedo client s uid gid for outbound HTTP basic authentication username password mapping The Tuxedo service metadata repository As we previously discussed the service metadata repository is a collection of Tuxedo service characteristics that are particularly useful in clarifying the request response details of a Tuxedo service The GWWS depends on the Tuxedo service metadata repository for communication between the Tuxedo request response format and the standard message of type SOAP Here we will discuss some important command line utilities provided by Tuxedo that are used to configure or monitor the metadata repository Some of these utilities are briefly described in the previous table tmloadrepos This is the command line tool that produces or updates the metadata repository binary file and loads it with the service
89. edo 9 10 If the install mode Full Install or Manager Install is selected you are prompted to choose an application server Choose an application server 1 Bundled Tomcat Server 2 An existing Tomcat Server 3 An existing WebLogic server 4 Skip I will deploy TSAM 11gR1 to an existing application server after the installation If 1 is selected Oracle TSAM startup shutdown script and the Oracle TSAM Manager war package is copied to Install Directory If 2 is selected you are prompted to specify an existing Tomcat folder Enter an existing Tomcat folder If 3 is selected you are prompted to specify an existing WebLogic Server directory Oracle WebLogic Server directory selection 1 Choose an existing WebLogic Server directory 2 Specify an existing WebLogic Server directory Note that if you select 4 Oracle TSAM Manager will not be deployed during installation You must deploy it manually to an existing application server by using the application server utility AppServerDeployer sh or AppServerDeployer cmd If you choose to deploy to an existing WebLogic server you are required to input the following WebLogic server connection parameters Enter Oracle WebLogic admin url Enter Oracle WebLogic user name Enter Oracle WebLogic password The existing WebLogic server is expected to be located on the local installation machine WebLogic servers that exist remotely are not supported Please review the prein
90. ers this is to ensure that when all the servers are busy the Tuxedo system can select the one with the minimum load You do need to do this if you have only a single service in one server or servers in a single queue MSSQ configuration In this section we have discussed various important features of Tuxedo security routing encryption compression and load balancing Each of these features should be considered more carefully during the application design and deployment stage to make your application run more efficiently and to address your various business needs without any custom code Administering the Tuxedo queue Q Tuxedo provides a reliable queue based on the XA compliant resource manager TMS Transaction Manager Server which provides the framework to store messages in a reliable storage and forward it to different components These could be services clients or components within different Tuxedo processes The purpose of a queue is to perform time independent communication Any client or server can store onto enqueue and retrieve dequeue a message from the queue Tuxedo provides the TMQUEUE server which provides this enqeuing and dequing service 60 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 Tuxedo also provides a server called TMQFORWARD which dequeues a message and forwards it to other services Messages can be retrieved in any of several ordering schemes including Last In First Out LIFO First In First O
91. ers in UBBCONFIG usually provide acceptable standard performance in most cases If the performance measured by response time is not as high as required the administrator should monitor the system to determine the bottleneck and change parameters as necessary I am sharing some practical experiences with you which are very common but critical for a Tuxedo system 67 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo You may need to look at the following areas e The service is running slow o It could be SQL which is running slow because of join or indexing o You could be making a large number of database accesses or retrieving a large amount of data The queue may fill up with a number of waiting service requests increasing the number of instances of the servers providing the services Many times one server can have multiple services in it and one or more of them can be a long running service This long running service s can hold the process for a longer time and no other services can be used during that time making sure that the mixing of services in a server is properly done e Queues are very important in the system you need to monitor queues very closely as they may get full and the whole system can become slow or even hang e The network is another area that we usually overlook but it can also affect the Tuxedo application You may use tmadmin to monitor the basic network usage
92. es under the same application as soon as possible Most of the parameters can be modified in TUXCONFIG and can take immediate effect dynamically without rebooting the application 1 When you run tmconf ig it prompts for the desired section promt gt Section 1 RESOURCES 2 MACHINES 3 GROUPS 4 SERVERS 5 SERVICES 6 NETWORK 7 ROUTING q QUIT 9 WSL 10 NETGROUPS 11 NETMAPS 12 INTERFACES 1 2 It then prompts for the desired operation Spromt gt Operation 1 FIRST 2 NEXT 3 RETRIEVE 4 ADD 5 UPDATE 6 CLEAR BUFFER 7 QUIT 1 3 It then prompts you to indicate whether or not you want to edit the input buffer promt gt Enter editor to add modify fields n promt gt Enter editor to correct 4 Finally tmconfig asks whether the operation should be performed promt gt Perform operation y Performing the preceding steps gives you the return value after completion of the job If you decide to quit the application and select an option it prompts you to create a backup text version of the configuration as you may have changed the configuration file Spromt gt Unload TUXCONFIG file into ASCII backup y If you select a backup tmconfig prompts for a filename promt gt Backup filename UBBCONFIG It indicates that a backup was created successfully otherwise an error is printed 44 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 The Tuxedo MIB application programming interface We have dis
93. ethod 72 76 tpmodusr command 41 tpnotify method 73 77 tpopen method 74 tppost method 73 tprealloc method 73 tprecv method 72 77 tpresume method 74 tpreturn method 73 tpsend method 72 77 tpsetrepos command 108 tpsetunsol method 73 77 tpsprio method 73 tpstrerrordetail method 75 tpstrerror method 75 tpsubscribe method 73 tpsuspend method 74 tpsvrdone method 73 80 tpsvrinit method 73 80 tpterm method 72 tptypes method 73 tpunadvertise method 74 tpunsubscribe method 73 tpusradd command 41 tpusrdel command 41 tpusrmod command 41 transactional functions Tuxedo 92 transaction log Tuxedo domain creating 65 Transaction Monitoring TP Monitor 7 transactions about 90 initiating 92 two phase commit 91 XA interface 91 92 Transactions under UniX Extended for Distributed Operation See Tuxedo TSAM about 45 administrative tasks 51 52 components 45 46 installing 46 51 monitoring console functionalities 56 performance related monitoring tasks 51 52 used for monitoring 53 56 TSAM Agent about 46 components 46 TSAM Manager about 46 components 46 deploying 53 tuxadm command 41 TUXCOMFIG file 40 TUXCOMFIG variable 21 TUXDIR directory 99 TUXDIR variable 21 Tuxedo about 7 anatomy 10 architecture 10 buffer types 82 client server technology benefits 9 commands 36 components 11 13 distributed client server model features 8 features 57 60 144 www it ebooks info har
94. figuration and Administration of Tuxedo Ina multimachine Tuxedo domain running different releases of the Tuxedo system software the master machine must run the latest release of the Tuxedo system software in the domain e The master machine for a Tuxedo domain contains the master copy of the TUXCONFIG file which gets propagated to all the other server machines as you run tmboot to boot the application In the previous section we have discussed the various environment variables that need to be set in the Tuxedo application and we have also described all the sections and parameters of the UBBCONFIG file to set up your Tuxedo application which is the most important file for a Tuxedo application Tuxedo commands There are a huge number around 100 of commands with various options to administrate a Tuxedo system I have listed all the commands in this section and picked up the most important ones to discuss in brief The buildclient command This is used to construct a Tuxedo ATMI client module its syntax is as follows buildclient v r rmname w o name f firstfiles 1 lastfiles Let s discuss the attributes of this command e v The buildclient command should work in verbose mode to ensure that all the messages can be seen during compilation e x This option specifies the resource manager associated with this client to be part of a transaction e w This option specifies that the client is to be buil
95. filename is the name of the Oracle Tuxedo installer file 3 To complete the installation follow these steps 1 Enter the number of your choice or press Enter to accept the default 2 Enter back or previous at the prompt to review or change your selection 3 Enter quit in response to any prompt to exit the installation process v Oracle strongly recommends Unix users to create a separate user account for the Oracle Tuxedo administrator and have the ownership WS of the Oracle Tuxedo files for that account Silent installation The silent installation is a more automated way of installing Tuxedo This installation reads the strings from a text file that you can create prior to beginning the installation This can be used as the standardized installation for all installations in the enterprise in such a way that you set the installation configurations only once and use it multiple times You need to create a properties file for the installer for detailed step by step instructions please go to the following link http docs oracle com cd E26665_01 tuxedo docs11lgr1 install inssil html As we are done with the installation by either of the three processes it is recommended to verify the Tuxedo ATMI software installation by running simpapp The sample applications are installed during the Tuxedo installation You can find this simple application under your Tuxedo directory samples atmi simpapp There is a README file in the same
96. fo Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo TSAM Manager runs on a Java application server for example the Oracle WebLogic server and Apache Tomcat It provides a graphical user interface to correlate and aggregate performance metrics collected from one or more Tuxedo domains and then displays it in real time TSAM Manager also has two major components e Oracle TSAM Data Server is the communication interface to TSAM It accepts requests from a Local Monitor Server LMS and metrics query requests from the web browser It also does the following tasks Accepting data from the LMS and storing them into the database fo Accepting requests from the representation layer and data processing Communicating with the LMS for configuration instructions e Oracle TSAM Console is the web application that provides a GUI for administration and data presentation After logging on to the TSAM Console you have access to all the TSAM functionalities The TSAM Agent collects various performance metrics for applications including XA and non XA transactions services and system servers The TSAM Agent handles all the Tuxedo side backend logic It works in conjunction with the TSAM Manager The TSAM Agent must be installed on top of Tuxedo It has three components as follows e Local Monitor Server LMS The LMS is a Tuxedo system server that needs to be configured in UBBCONFIG that gets the data from TSAM s default plugin and passes th
97. g different types of Tuxedo buffers as well as various communication patterns such as request reply conversational queue based and event based communication The event based communication can be of two types unsolicited client notification and event broker server It should not be used as a normal communication protocol and should be used rather to handle an exception We also discussed XA transactions and how to communicate in transactional mode in such a way that we are able to maintain data integrity and persistence 93 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo In this chapter we will discuss Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo SALT The Service Oriented Architecture SOA has been proven in the industry today and SALT was introduced to make the Tuxedo application an integral part of the SOA environment By looking at the Tuxedo architecture we can certainly claim that Tuxedo is one of the oldest forms of SOA platforms Everything in Tuxedo is a service and invoked as a service and they are very loosely coupled It is known for its performance scalability and reliability The SCA based Service Component Architecture development provides us with a more complete SOA solution and with SALT we can connect with the Tuxedo framework enabling the re use of its services and giving a better ROI SALT is a Tuxedo add on product one of its components is the SCA container which enables any appl
98. gories The first one is configuring and setting up a Tuxedo application and the other is monitoring administrating a Tuxedo application It is very important to understand how to structure a Tuxedo application using a configuration file called UBBCONFIG as well as to understand each and every parameter in the configuration file their dependency and hierarchy and the environment variables For monitoring purposes we need to know the various commands and tools how to change the Tuxedo system configuration at runtime and how to tune various parameters for higher throughput At the end of the chapter I will share some tuning monitoring guidelines which may help you to get the best out of a Tuxedo application www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo Tuxedo administration In this section we will discuss the elements of the Tuxedo administration such as the role of an administrator how to configure and structure a Tuxedo application various useful commands how to manage or monitor a Tuxedo application some important built in features of Tuxedo components such as queue and domain and tuning guidelines Responsibility of a Tuxedo administrator The Tuxedo administrator needs to play a central coordinating role by working closely with application designers operating system administrators network administrators and database administrators to ensure end to end management of the Tuxedo application which is dis
99. hat it can be transmitted more quickly over a network to different machine s You can set a maximum threshold value for the buffer size to ensure that it automatically compresses the buffer when it crosses the mark The buffer gets compressed but it gets decompressed as it reaches the destination Data compression happens before the data is transported between machines it improves network performance and enhances the security to a limit as it involves coding decoding the data In the UBBCONFIG file the parameter CMPLIMT under the MACHINES section helps you set the threshold message size for messages bound to remote processes and local processes respectively on which the automatic data compression will take place Load balancing The load balancing technique is used to distribute service requests evenly among servers that offer the same service s to ensure that some servers will not be overburdened while some are idle or infrequently used The LDBAL parameter in the RESOURCES section of the UBBCONFIG file can be used to set the load balancing with Y Also the LOAD parameter under the SERVICES section refers to a number this is very much a relative number you need to come up with according to the time required to execute that service The statistics are generated based on this weightage for each server and the Bulletin Board preserves this for each machine Each Bulletin Board keeps a track of the increasing load associated with each of its serv
100. have seen earlier and set the relevant configuration in the UBBCONFIG file or the DMCONFIG in the DOMAIN configuration file We will now show you how to use SDP for the MP mode DOMAIN WSL and WS Client and JSL and WTC The MP mode In the MP mode both master and slave machines are inside the IB cluster so only consider that SDP and IPoIB are being used inside the IB cluster in the bootstrap phase tmboot tlisten bsbridge and bridge are using socket APIs to communicate with each other To configure SDP in the MP mode you need to add sdp as a prefix to the network address and the network address the must be an IPoIB address You can refer to the following example NETWORK Nodel NADDR sdp IB_ IP 9933 NLSADDR sdp IB_IP 3355 Node2 NADDR sdp IB_ IP 9933 NLSADDR sdp IB_IP 3355 To start tlisten you can use Prompt gt tlisten d dev tcp l sdp IB_IP 3355 129 www it ebooks info Oracle Tuxedo Joining the Exalogic Family To configure IPoIB in the MP mode use the IPoIB address as the network address NETWORK Node1 NADDR IB_IP 9933 NLSADDR IB_IP 3355 Node2 NADDR IB_IP 9933 NLSADDR IB_IP 3355 To start tlisten you can use Prompt gt tlisten d dev tcp l IB_IP 3355 GWTDOMAIN Functionally if you look at the domain architecture you may find that the GWTDOMAIN server acts as both server and client As a server it will listen on a configured IP ad
101. he TSAM installation folder if you want to enable the LDAP authentication 53 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo o Oracle TSAM Manager Database Server Deployment Also if you select a database during installation the Oracle TSAM Manager is deployed on the specified database server automatically otherwise you must deploy the Oracle TSAM Manager to a database server using the DatabaseDeployer sh DatabaseDeployer cmd utility which you can find under the deploy directory under the TSAM installation folder For example to deploy TSAM to an Oracle database with the user Tuxedo and the password ADMIN in Unix do the following use cmd for Windows Prompt gt cd lt TSAM DIR gt deploy Prompt gt DatabaseDeployer sh type oracle hostname localhost port 1521 dbname TSAM user Tuxedo password ADMIN overwrite no admingid 0 viewergid 1 adminpassword adminll For more information on deployment or manual deployment please refer to http docs oracle com cd E26665_01 tsam docsligri deployment deploy html wp1065923 Oracle TSAM Application Server Deployment Oracle TSAM provides application server deployment utilities called AppServerDeployer sh AppServerDeployer cmd which help you to deploy it to an existing application server WebLogic or Tomcat automatically after installation otherwise you will have to do it manually For example for deploying TSAM to a WebLogic server
102. he binary configuration file for Gwws Reboot cwws and TMMETADATA 114 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 SCA ATMI server configuration For the SCA ATMI server you need one composite file that defines the SCA application During runtime it loads all the composite and component type files for SCA server applications that are running on a Tuxedo environment The APPDIR variable is the SCA root the same as that for the SCA ATMI server SCA web service server configuration The configuration of the web services binding for components is similar to the ATMI binding for hosting SCA components The SCA component needs to be built using the buildscaserver command with the w option web services to be hosted in the Tuxedo application Just as a reminder this server needs to have an entry under the SERVERS section of UBBCONFIG Also the GWWS configuration has to be incorporated with the same changes follow the same seven steps mentioned previously for SCA web service client configuration to do this SCA client security configuration The SCA components of Tuxedo leverage Tuxedo s security infrastructure and basically support two types of security Tuxedo application domain and link level security The command line utility scapasswordtool provided by Tuxedo SALT jis used to configure security for SALT s SCA client This tool helps you to populate the encrypted password in the password store file but the user ID stays in tex
103. his shows various administrative data of aGWWS server on its services or instance e configstats This displays the configuration information e default This specifies the default i option e printtrans This prints the transaction information for the GWWS instance e verbose This switches the verbose mode on off e quit This is used to exit a program Browsing to the WSDL document from the GWWS server The WSDL gets created automatically by the Gwws server for each deployed inbound native WSDF This WSDL can be downloaded from any of the HTTP S listening endpoints via HTTP GET You can use the following URL to browse the WSDL document http s lt host gt lt port gt wsdl id lt Value gt amp mappolicy lt Value gt amp toolkit lt Values 118 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 The following are the attributes of the previous URL e id This specifies the native WSDF name for the WSDL e mappolicy There are three options for this pack raw and mtom pp Y P e toolkit There are two options for this wls and axis You can use these options only when you are using the raw type of mappolicy SALT supports the WebLogic server wls and axis for SOAP with attachments the default value is wls In the previous section we have discussed how to administrate tune and monitor the Gwws server using various command line utilities Administrating the SCA components In this section we will discuss how to ad
104. ically in the memory as you run the application This variable is called differently in various versions of Unix and even Microsoft operating systems please make sure you are using the proper name as follows LD LIBRARY PATH TUXDIR 1ib For the queue the QMCONFIG variable must contain the full pathname of the file or raw device that will contain the queue device see the following example QMCONFIG Full path of the queue file device Configuring and structuring a Tuxedo application The Tuxedo configuration file also called the UBBCONFIG file is the most important configuration file for a Tuxedo environment or application The UBBCONFIG file is a text file that contains various sections to structure your application and each section has parameters with respective values to configure and manage the Tuxedo application It has eight sections of which five sections are required for all configurations RESOURCES MACHINES GROUPS SERVERS and SERVICES the rest of the sections NETGROUPS NETWORK and ROUTING are optional This is a text file so it can be created or maintained using any text editor that works with a text file Let s see an example of the UBBCONFIG file to show the overall structure of a Tuxedo application 22 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 The following UBBCONFIG file shows the two machine MP mode configuration along with the most important parameters I have added the NETWORK and ROUTING sectio
105. ications based on web services to call Tuxedo services and vice versa The other component is a native web service stack Getting acquainted with SALT SALT enables Tuxedo users to expose Tuxedo based services as web services to ensure that any external web service based application can call a Tuxedo service just like calling another web service Also SALT helps Tuxedo applications to call external web services without any code development www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo SALT is an integral solution for a Tuxedo application and web services and it enables seamless integration between Tuxedo applications and external web service based applications It increases the possibility of SOA adoption for any organization with distributed applications spanning over large physical distances with diverse hardware and software platforms So you can use SALT to extend your Tuxedo application in a more loosely coupled manner and re use and protect your ROI SCA Component Client Java App ATMI Client Server ATMI Server Tuxedo Environment Java Client CORBA Server Service ATMI XA Web Integration Messaging Module Transaction Processor Metadata Repository c C COBOL Container Domain Connectivity SALT Gateway F Gwws C Domain Gateway D vanrane note b Mainframe Aasa Weblogic Tuxedo d aii 4 Connector i wet tpt
106. ies for the plugins for the system level resources need to be configured in this file please refer to the previous example Tuxedo Environment Inbound WSDL Generator WSDF 1n Inbound WSDL Generator WSDF Reference Service Metadata Definition Refere ce Outbound la WSDL Converter WSDF Outbound WSDL Converter WSDF 4 WSDL 112 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 In this section we have briefly discussed the structure of the deployment file and how to configure its major components There are some advanced options for SALT for example security configuring advanced web service messaging and SALT in MP mode For more information on these topics you may refer to the following URL http docs oracle com cd E15261_01 salt docsligri ref deploy html Compiling the SALT configuration We have learned how to create the XML based deployment file SALTDEPLOY for the GWwS server The command wsloadcf takes the SALTDEPLOY file and the WSDF file to crosscheck with the WS Policy to validate the syntax according to the XML schema of each file format and it then loads a binary configuration file called SALTCONFIG The command wsloadcf validates the SALT deployment file according to the XML schema files which stay in the TUXDIR udataobj salt path under your Tuxedo SALT installation folder Prompt gt wsloadcf
107. igure and run a Tuxedo domain 1 Edit your UBBCONFIG file to add the domain administrative servers and the TDomain gateway server GROUPS DMADM GROUP LMID Alpha GRPNO 1 GWT GROUP LMID Beta GRPNO 2 SERVERS MADM SRVGRP DMADM GROUP RVID 2001 EPLYQ N START Y RACE 0 ie SRVGRP GWT GROUP RVID 2002 zal tg B K Z ie nN J D RT Y RACE 0 WTDOMAIN SRVGRP GWT GROUP RVID 3003 RQADDR GWT GROUP REPLYQ N RESTART Y GRACE 0 NDQANA DAN a QA AnY D ie E Create TUXCONFIG by running tmloadcf on this new UBBCONFIG file 3 Now you need to edit the DMCoNFTIG file as follows DM LOCAL LOCAL ONE GWGRP GWT GROUP TYPE TDOMAIN ACCESSPOINTID USA 01 BLOCKTIME 30 CONNECTION POLICY ON_STARTUP MAXRETRY 5 RETRY _INTERVAL 100 DM REMOTE REMOTE ONE TYPE TDOMAIN ACCESSPOINTID USA 02 REMOTE TWO TYPE TDOMAIN ACCESSPOINTID USA 03 DM EXPORT LTOLOWER LACCESSPOINT LOCAL ONE CONV N RNAME TOLOWER 66 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 DM_ IMPORT RTOUPPER AUTOTRAN N RACCESS POINT REMOTE ONE LACCESSPOINT LOCAL ONE CONV N RNAME TOUPPER DM_ TDOMAIN LOCAL ONE NWADDR 203 0 0 01 4444 REMOTE ONE NWADDR 305 0 0 99 4455 REMOTE TWO NWADDR 309 0 0 99 4466 The DMcoNnFIG file should be in the same machine where the DMADM server is running 4 You should run dmloadcf on this DMCONFIG file to create the BDMCONFIG binary file to the location refe
108. ile We will be introduced to some more parameters in the UBBCONFIG file and some environment variables that need to be set for running Tuxedo on an Exalogic box In MP mode communication between two nodes is done through a bridge but in Exalogic s cross node communication can be leveraged using remote direct memory access RDMA You need to specify RDMA with option values in the MACHINES section there are four options which are as follows RDMADAEMONTIP This is the IP IPoIB address but it is not an Ethernet based IP address and the Msgq_daemon process is bound with it You need to configure a one to one configuration for Msgq_daemon and the logical machine DMADAEMONPORT This is a listener port for the Msgq_daemon listener process RDMAQS1ZE This is the queue EMSQ size it s default value is 65 536 bytes if not defined in the UBBCONF IG file RDMAQENTRIES This is the entry number for a queue EMSQ which is the maximum number of messages in that queue Also under the RESOURCES section you need to set the following For the MODEL parameter MP for SHM mode you need not use RDMA For the OPTIONS parameter LAN EXALOGIC and RDMA Please make sure that the following things are checked and configured according to the guidelines mentioned The shared directory for all Exalogic nodes needs to be enabled to leverage the RDMA feature You need to make sure that the access permissions are properly set for it The default
109. in Unix do the following use cmd for Windows Prompt gt cd lt TSAM DIR gt deploy Prompt gt AppServerDeployer sh type weblogic adminurl localhost 7001 directory home oracle wlserver 10 3 user weblogic password weblogicl Changing the configuration parameters The TSAM Manager can be run on Oracle WebLogic or the Apache Tomcat server without changing any configuration parameters On WebLogic you can change Listening Port Session Timeout HTTP KeepAlive POST Maximum Byte Size Maximum Thread Simultaneous Processing Or Maximum Incoming Connection Requests as required 54 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 On a similar note for the Apache Tomcat server you can change Minimum JAVA Option Memory Size Listening Port Session Timeout HTTP KeepAlive POST Maximum Byte Size Maximum Thread Simultaneous Processing Or Maximum Incoming Connection Requests as required Starting up the Oracle TSAM Manager If you have chosen the bundled Apache Tomcat server and the bundled Derby database during installation the startup shutdown script files are installed in the Oracle TSAM bin folder For example start the Oracle TSAM Manager in Unix as follows use cmd for Windows Prompt gt cd lt TSAM DIR gt bin Prompt gt startup sh 3 Find your Oracle Tuxedo configuration Log in to the Oracle TSAM Manager Console for example http localhost 8080 tsam faces In the console page the user accessibi
110. ing them along with our web service SCA programming knowledge Web services programming As we have previously discussed SALT provides bi directional communication between the Tuxedo applications and web service based applications and any existing Tuxedo services can be easily exposed as a web services without much coding SALT helps you create a WSDL file that describes the Tuxedo web service contract so that any standard web service client can call or access Tuxedo services 120 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 Invoking Tuxedo services inbound through SALT As we have seen the SALT components are configurable and we do not need to do too much of coding it also helps you expose Tuxedo services as standard web services So a client needs to utilize the SALT s WSDL file to build a web service client program The following steps will help you develop a web service client program 1 Create a WSDL file 2 Create a client stub using the web service client side toolkit that parses the WSDL 3 Develop a client application that can call a SALT web service utilizing the functions defined in the client stub 4 Compile the application You are now ready to run your client application Invoking external web services outbound through SALT One of the features of SALT is to allow you to import external web services into Tuxedo domains The conversion utility wsdlcvt should be used on WSDL in such a way that it tran
111. ional This is to restart the server the specified number of times GRACE number Optional This is the interval in seconds for restarting the server RESTART Y N Optional This is to turn off or turn on the option of restarting for a server The SERVICE section The SERVICE section provides information on services used by an application Tuxedo does not require listing services in this section It is best practice for an administrator to list all the services here for future reference or ease of maintenance 32 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 Parameter name and values Required optional Comments values what it means AUTOTRAN Y N BUFTYPE typel subtypel subtype2 type2 subtype3 1 i ee LOAD number ROUTING String SRVGRP String PRIO number BLOCKTIME number SVCTIMEOUT number TRANTIME number Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional This is used to automatically turn the transaction on if the request is not part of a transaction The types of data buffers used for this service This is to weigh the service with a number proportionate to its load on the system This is used for tuning purposes the higher the number the higher the load The name of the routing criteria used for this service when data dependent routing is used If this parameter is not specified data
112. ions between machines with different operating systems The STRING buffer This is the most simple type of buffer with a string of characters It has a null terminated string This buffer cannot be used for data dependent routing tpalloc can be used to allocate the STRING buffer with the desired length The following code snippet helps you with allocating the STRING buffer type char stringPtr stringPtr tpalloc STRING NULL 0 82 www it ebooks info Chapter 3 The CARRAY buffer This is another simple form of buffer that is basically used to transmit binary data The Tuxedo system does not interpret the character of the CARRAY buffer type in any other way The carray buffer is not self describing like other buffer types This buffer cannot be used for data dependent routing You can use tpalloc with the type set to CARRAY with the desired length The following code snippet helps you with how to allocate the CARRAY type char carrayPtr long carraysize carraysize 1024 carrayPtr tpalloc CARRAY NULL carraysize The VIEW buffer This type of buffer is very similar to the standard C language structure or a COBOL record that has an associated definition for the fields with their types This does not support a structure inside the structure or arrays of structures or pointers VIEW supports integral types integer char and decimal and can be converted to FML and vice versa There are two v
113. is is the command interpreter for Tuxedo Bulletin Boards tmboot This command brings up a Tuxedo configuration tmconfig This command dynamically updates and retrieves information about a running Tuxedo application as either a native client or a workstation client tmipcrm This command removes IPC resources allocated by a Tuxedo application on a local machine tmloadcf This command parses a UBBCONFIG file a text format configuration file and loads a TUXCONFIG file tmshutdown This command shuts down a set of Tuxedo servers tmunloadcf This command unloads a TUXCONFIG file a binary configuration file 40 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 tpacladd This command adds a new access control list entry on the system tpaclevt This command converts Tuxedo s security data files tpaclde1 This command deletes an access control list entry tpaclmod This command modifies an access control list entry on the system tpadduser This command creates a Tuxedo password file tpdelusr This command deletes a user from a Tuxedo password file tpgrpadd This command adds a new group to the system tpgrpde1 This command deletes a group from the system tpmodusr This command maintains a Tuxedo system password file tpusradd This command adds a new principal to the system tpusrdel This command deletes a user from the system tpusrmod This command modifies user information on the system tuxadm This is the CGI gateway for the Tuxedo W
114. its overall architecture and its various important components We will discuss them in detail in the following chapters to understand their functionalities and usage patterns In the following section we will see how to install Tuxedo and also see what the post installation tasks are that you must carry out to make sure the installation is successful The installation of Tuxedo is very simple even though it supports a wide variety of operating systems and hardware We will focus on the basic installation procedure and its guidelines which covers your primary requirement of installing Tuxedo 13 www it ebooks info Getting Started with Tuxedo Installation of Tuxedo As mentioned before Tuxedo supports various OSs and hardware you need to make sure you get the right installable file Hardware and software requirements The Oracle Tuxedo software needs to be installed on each server that will run the Tuxedo application or can be called Tuxedo domain e x86 or x86 64 This denotes various CPUs based on x86 or x86 64 architecture Most of the current platforms are supported the following are the most common ones HP 11i 82 bit 64 bit IBM AIX 5 3 32 bit 64 bit IBM AIX 6 1 32 bit 64 bit MS Windows 7 32 bit MS Windows 2008 server 32 bit 64 bit Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 0 32 bit 64 bit Oracle Solaris 10 32 bit 64 bit on x86 64 Red Hat Linux Enterprise AS 5 32 bit on x86 e Memo
115. ive servers booted within the same environment This is the threshold message size for the messages automatic data compression will be performed beyond this value The pathname for the user s logfile on a machine 29 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo The GROUPS section The GROUPS section helps to specify a logical name for a group of the same type of servers and or services within a machine At least one server group needs to be defined in this section Parameter name and values Required Comments values what it means optional GROUPNAME string_ Required This specifies the logical name of a group the value maximum value can be 30 characters long GRPNO number Required This is the number associated with a server group and it needs to be unique the value can range from 1 to 30 000 CLOSEINFO string_ Optional This is used to close the resource manager value OPENINFO string value Optional This is used to open the resource manager ENVFILE string_value Optional The environment under which all the servers in the group are to be executed this environment is specified in the named file LMID string value1l Required This maps the servers for one or multiple string value2 machines refer to the previous section The MACHINES section TMSNAME string value Optional This is to map a transaction manager server with a group TMSCOUNT number Optional This is to s
116. last file r g RM name r g rmid RM name E env label t The following are the attributes of the previous command e c This attribute stipulates the COBOL compilation e m This specifies the server to be associated with multiple XA compliant resource managers and this his option is mandatory 81 www it ebooks info Development of Tuxedo Various APIs e s This specifies the name s of the service s that can be advertised when the server boots e v This option puts the compilation on verbose mode all messages during compilation can be seen e o This option specifies the filename of the executable e The filename s that needs to be included for linking before the Tuxedo ATMI libraries e 1 The filename s that needs to be included for linking after the Tuxedo ATMI libraries e x The resource manager RM related to the server or that needs to be attached to the server In this section we have discussed the structure of the server along with the various essentials to build a server module Tuxedo buffer types The Tuxedo based application is a message driven application and these messages can use different types of buffers In this section we will be focusing on all five types of buffers Tuxedo supports STRING VIEW CARRAY FML and xML All these buffer types can be transmitted over a network within heterogeneous systems The Tuxedo system handles translations and data convers
117. ld an SCA client 1 Set up the client directory structure to define the physical representation of an application refer to the root composite file Create the client application using a single API Compose the SCDL descriptor to create a link between the local and the actual component Build the client executable using buildscaclient 5 Execute the client while making sure that the APPDIR and SCA_COMPONENT variables are set SCA component server programming The following steps are required for developing an SCA component program 1 Set up the component directory to define the physical representation of the application Develop the component implementation Compose the SCDL descriptor to define the binding between actual components and local implementation Compile and link the components using buildscacomponent Build the Tuxedo server host using buildscaserver SCA transactions The ATMI binding schema supports SCA transaction policies by using the binding atmi requires attribute and the three transaction values Not Specified suspendsTransaction and PropagatesTransaction The various important areas in SCA programming that developers would be interested in are Python and Ruby scripts and integration with Tuxedo SALT for more development advantage for example no compilation dynamic data typing and garbage collection SALT provides a set of APIs to perform SCA calls from the Python or Ruby client and language ex
118. le Tuxedo 133 Start stop tux_msgq_monitor 134 Start tux_msgq_monitor 134 Stop tux_msgq_monitor 135 Summary 136 Index 137 v www it ebooks info Preface The client server architecture is versatile and has a modular infrastructure This technology is described as a cost reduction technology It includes fourth generation languages relational databases distributed computing and much more Furthermore it s been there for decades now we can easily say that it s been there for multiple generations since the 80s This book has been designed to give a quick reference to Tuxedo and the client server architecture Many books have been written on this technology but this is the first book that bridges the gap between previous generations and the future generation As I said the client server architecture or Tuxedo has been around for the past few decades now and it is expanding every day Today when we talk about Service Oriented Architecture SOA or Service Component Architecture SCA they are basically seen as new approaches to the client server architecture In this book we are using our good old friend Tuxedo as a client server platform and we will learn how to build a distributed application using Tuxedo What is the functionality of the Tuxedo components and the various APIs parameters for development and configuration that make the Tuxedo based applications so scalable reliable and highly available in nature Another
119. lient must use this function before it calls tpterm tpunsubscribe int tpunsubscribe long subscription name long flags So there are two ways to use event based communication namely unsolicited client notification by using the tpnotify and tpbroadcast functions and event broker server by using the tppost and tpsubscribe functions Transaction in Tuxedo This is one of the most important sections in client server architecture The foundation of Tuxedo ATMI is a proven reliable transaction processor also known as a Transaction Processing TP monitor This transaction processing has very unique characteristics consisting Atomicity Consistency Isolation and Durability also known as ACID 90 www it ebooks info Chapter 3 e Atomicity All changes to data are committed in a single operation which means all the changes are done at once otherwise they are rolled back e Consistency This means that the data has to be in a consistent state before and after the transaction e Isolation This means that transactions run concurrently and appear to be serialized the intermediate state of a transaction is unseen to other transactions e Durability Once a transaction is committed the changes to data should be saved and cannot be lost even in the event of a system failure The XA interface and two phase commit In a real life scenario we need to have a single function that needs to update or insert the d
120. lity settings can be adjusted as follows o The login screen In the upper left hand corner of the login screen click on the Settings drop down menu You can select the following three options the settings take effect immediately e lTusea screen reader Accessibility specific constructs are added to improve the screen s reader behavior e Iuse high contrast colors The application s display uses high contrast instead of the default contrast e Iuse large fonts The application s display uses large fonts instead of the default size fonts The console page In the upper right hand corner of the Oracle TSAM Console page click on Accessibility The Accessibility Preferences page appears it has the same three user accessibility options as the login screen When you have selected your options click on OK the settings will take effect immediately Your Oracle Tuxedo configuration information can be found in the Oracle Tuxedo component tree panel 55 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo 4 Configure the monitoring policy TSAM provides comprehensive monitoring control of the Tuxedo infrastructure and the monitoring policy defines what and how you want to monitor On the menu bar click on Policy and select Tuxedo Application Runtime Monitoring Policy from the drop down menu The Monitoring Policy List page appears It displays the existing defined Tuxedo application runtime monitori
121. m 1 Log in to the Windows system as an administrator preferred as you need admin privileges to install Oracle Tuxedo server components on a Windows system To install Tuxedo client components you do not need to be logged in as an administrator To install Oracle Tuxedo click on the installer file to start the installation Continue running the GUI mode installation process Log in to the system again after the Tuxedo installation is completed The following are the steps for a GUI mode installation on a Unix system You need to log in as the Oracle Tuxedo administrator You need to go to the directory where you downloaded the installer and run the installation program as shown in the following sample command UnixPrompt gt sh filename bin Here filename is the name of the Oracle Tuxedo installer file z You will get an error message and the installation process will fail GA if the GUI interface in your system is not available In this case you may want to use the silent or console mode installation 16 www it ebooks info Chapter 1 Console installation The console installation is a text based installation that is only available for Unix systems 1 You need to log in as the Oracle Tuxedo administrator 2 You need to go to the directory where you downloaded the installer and run the installation program as shown in the following sample command UNIXprompt gt sh filename bin i console Here
122. m selects a server to receive the request by matching the data to the routing criteria provided in the Bulletin Board The ROUTING section of the UBBCONF1IG file provides information for data dependent routing of service requests using the FML XML and VIEWS types of buffer You can also use DDR as a load balancing mechanism by routing certain requests to a specific server Data encryption Data encryption means converting data into a coded format that is unintelligible to all users except the user for which the data is intended When encrypted data arrives at its destination it is decrypted to convert back to its original format Encrypting does not increase the data size but it adds to processing time as the system needs to encrypt and decrypt the data The data is compressed during encryption so you may gain some time as less data is being sent across the network When data is compressed it helps to increase data security because the data is somewhat scrambled during compression In the UBBCONFIG file ENCRYPTION_REQUIRED can be specified in any of the four sections in the configuration hierarchy the RESOURCES MACHINES GROUPS or SERVICES section Setting ENCRYPTION_REQUIRED to Y at a particular level means that encryption is required for all the running processes at that level or below it 59 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo Data compression This option shrinks an application buffer so t
123. me 74 tpreturn 73 tpsend 72 tpsetunsol 73 tpsprio 73 tpstrerror 75 tpstrerrordetail 75 tpsubscribe 73 tpsuspend 74 tpsvrdone 73 tpsvrinit 73 tpterm 72 tptypes 73 ogi www it ebooks info tpunadvertise 74 tpunsubscribe 73 tuxgetenv 75 tuxputenv 75 userlog 75 ATMI functions Tuxedo client 78 ATMI functions Tuxedo server 81 ATMI type buffer related 75 client 72 communication conversational 72 communication event based 73 communication request response 72 dynamic service advertisement 74 memory management 73 message precedence 73 queuing 74 resources management 74 security and administration 75 server service 73 system error handling 75 transaction management XA 74 B bbclean machine command 43 bbparms 43 BDMCONFIG file 64 BEA 9 Bridge 12 buffer types Tuxedo CARRAY 83 FML 84 85 STRING 82 VIEW 83 84 XML 86 buildclient command about 36 39 76 78 attributes 36 buildclt command 40 buildscaclient command about 101 attributes 101 buildscacomponent command about 102 attributes 102 buildscaserver command about 102 attributes 102 buildserver command about 37 40 81 attributes 37 81 buildtms command about 37 40 attributes 37 buildwsh command 39 40 Bulletin Board BB 11 Bulletin Board Liaison BBL 11 C C 71 C 71 CARRAY buffer 83 client program 7 client server communication paradigms 77 86 client server technology Tuxedo benefits 9 cobcc comm
124. ministrate and monitor Tuxedo s SCA components From the administrator s point of view we can turn on the trace for SCA server client and check them For monitoring we can use the command line utility Let us discuss these options briefly Tracing the SCA ATMI server and client Tuxedo provides the tracing capability through the tmt race function and it can be used for SCA ATMI servers and clients All the messages are logged in the ULOG file as you set the TMTRACE environment variable TMTRACE atmi ulog There are two environment variables for SCA runtime and reference binding and tracing which can be used for Tuxedo server builds using buildscaserver and SCA client builds using buildscaclient e SCACPP_ LOGGING This numerical value is used to define the number of trace messages produced e SCACPP_ULOG You need to set the value to yes to send the trace messages to the uLOoG file For the SCA JTMI client if you set the SAPPDIR variable or the com oracle jatmi APPDIR Java property is specified you will see multiple logfiles for example jatmi lt numeric gt log under SAPPDIR By default there will be 10 logfiles with the maximum size of 1 MB and files are overwritten as you start the application 119 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo Monitoring the SCA servers The command line utility scaadmin is to monitor the SCA servers and it shows various service related information and
125. mpilation and link edit phases of buildserver before the Oracle Tuxedo ATMI libraries e 1 This option specifies one or more files to be included last in the compilation and link edit phases of buildserver after the Oracle Tuxedo ATM libraries e xr This option specifies the resource manager associated with this server The buildtms command This command is used to construct a transaction manager server module When integrating a new resource manager into the Tuxedo system the TUXDIR udataobj RM file must be updated to include the information about the resource manager The format of this file is as follows rm_name rm_structure_name library names The following is the syntax of the buildtms command buildtms v o name r rm name Let s discuss the attributes of this command e v The buildtms command should work in verbose mode e o This option specifies the name of the output file e r The resource manager associated with this server the value rm_name must appear in the resource manager as previously mentioned 37 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo The tmloadcf command This command is used to convert the text version of the UBBCONF1IG file to its equivalent binary configuration to boot the Tuxedo application It reads the UBBCONFIG file and checks the syntax If the SECURITY parameter is specified in the RESOURCES section of the UBBCONFIG file tmloadcf will ask for the ap
126. n at http docs oracle com cd E15261_01 salt docsligr1 install instcon html wp1036651 for an example 4 InstallAnywhere will guide you through the installation So just follow the instructions and you will get a completion message once you are done with the installation Silent installation For silent mode installation you need to create a template file they are different for Unix and Windows Please refer to following URL for more details on silent mode installation http docs oracle com cd E15261_01 salt docsligri install instsil html In this section we have gone through the various installation processes for SALT on Windows and Unix systems As a post installation task you may consider verifying SALT s directory structure for example you will find all the utilities functions previously listed under the bin directory Similarly there will be some header files ws SCA and SoA under the include directory and so on 100 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 Configuration of a SALT application In the previous sections we have discussed the various components of SALT and how to install them now we will discuss how to configure these components in brief In this configuration section we will touch base on most of the important components of SALT for example Tuxedo web services Tuxedo SCA components service contract discovery and SALT WS TX support SCA container APIs and utilities In this secti
127. n be used for data mining or further business analysis e TSAM helps analyze global distributed transactions and correlate transactions across multiple domains in the tree style TSAM supports the transaction monitoring propagation that is if monitoring is enabled for the transaction initiator the whole transaction path will be monitored e A powerful monitoring policy can help achieve the exact monitoring results while reducing the impact on performance The sampling can be based on interval ratio and runtime data The monitoring can be turned on or off dynamically without restarting the application e Comprehensive SLA alert configurations based on monitoring metrics Alert evaluation is based on Tuxedo FML Boolean expressions The event generated by alert can be posted to the Tuxedo Event Broker Some alert types can also drop stale service requests e Programming APIs that retrieve the metadata packaged in a monitored call help developers make application decisions dynamically 52 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 Using TSAM for monitoring quick path We have installed TSAM and gone through its monitoring capabilities Now we will take a quick path to start monitoring an existing Tuxedo application using TSAM The steps are described assuming that we have chosen all the default choices during installation for example the database web server and so on to ensure that we do not need to do any manual deployment or
128. n various international technical conferences on middleware SOA and e2e solutions I would like to thank my parents Late Asha and Bhabani Chattopadhayay for their blessings and for what I am today My children Bodhit and Ishani for their effervescent curiosity as an added motivation and most importantly my wife Kakoli for her unconditional support and encouragement www it ebooks info About the Reviewers Ransford Hewitt has over 10 years of experience in the design and development of distributed systems and specializes in designing and troubleshooting large high performance mission critical systems built with various middleware technologies Prior to joining Rogers Communications Partnership Ransford spent two years as a system integrator deploying the Amdocs Customer Care and Billing application mostly to large telecommunication companies and spent another 18 years working with Cable amp Wireless specializing in deploying and troubleshooting large high speed data communication systems Ransford is currently a technical manager at Rogers Communications Partnership Aivars Kalvans holds the position of Lead Software Architect at Tieto Latvia and is working on the Card Suite payment card system Card Suite provides solutions for every single part of the payment card business issuing acquiring switching and clearing POI management fraud and dispute management and u commerce During his career of more than 10 years
129. nal The name of the device or file where the transaction log TLOG for this application resides TLOGNAME string_vlue Optional You can specify the name of the transaction logfile Tuxedo uses TLOG as the default name 28 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 Parameter name and values Required optional Comments values what it means MAXACCESSERS number MAXOBJECTS number MAXGTT number MAXWSCLIENTS number GID number UID number TUXDIR String APPDIR String CMPLIMIT number ULOGPFX String Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Required Required Optional Optional The maximum number of processes including clients and servers that can be concurrently associated with the Bulletin Board This should be more than 0 but less than 32 768 This is specifically for a CORBA based application to specify the number of CORBA objects that can be simultaneously housed in the Active Object table The highest permissible number of concurrent transactions global in a particular domain This is to specify the number of accessed entries on a machine to be reserved for WS or SALT clients This is the group ID and user ID to be associated with the IPC structures created for the Bulletin Board The absolute pathname of the Tuxedo installation One or more absolute pathnames colon separated list to specify all the application and administrat
130. ng SCA components 113 SCAATMI client configuration 113 SCA JATMI client configuration 114 SCA workstation client configuration 114 SCA web service client configuration 114 SCAATMI server configuration 115 SCA web service server configuration 115 SCA client security configuration 115 Configuring the service contract discovery 116 Configuring the SALT WS TX support 116 Administration of SALT 116 GWWS administration 117 Tuning the GWWS server 117 Monitoring the GWWS server 118 Browsing to the WSDL document from the GWWS server 118 Administrating the SCA components 119 Tracing the SCAATMI server and client 119 Monitoring the SCA servers 120 SALT programming 120 Web services programming 120 Invoking Tuxedo services inbound through SALT 121 Invoking external web services outbound through SALT 121 SCA programming 121 SCA client programming 122 SCA component server programming 122 SCA transactions 122 Summary 123 Chapter 5 Oracle Tuxedo Joining the Exalogic Family 125 What is Exalogic 125 Tuxedo installation on an Exalogic machine 126 Tuxedo configuration and runtime 127 The UBBCOMFIG file 128 iv www it ebooks info Table of Contents Tuxedo Socket Direct Protocol support 129 The MP mode 129 GWTDOMAIN 130 The workstation listener WSL 131 The workstation WS client 132 The jolt service listener JSL 132 The WebLogic Tuxedo connector WTC 132 Databases 133 The EXALOGIC_MSGQ_CACHE_SIZE variable 133 Running Orac
131. ng call it must be more than zero 27 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo The MACHINES section The MACHINES section is where you define the logical names for a physical machine s configuration All parameters need to specify a specific machine In this section you need to define all the parameters for all the physical machine s for an application under the same Tuxedo domain Parameter name and values Required Comments values what it means optional NETLOAD number Optional This is used to control the communication between the local server and the remote server The load is the extra cost to go to the remote server over the network LMID String Required The logical name s of the physical machine s SPINCOUNT number Optional The number of attempts to lock the Bulletin Board at the user level before blocking calls TYPE String Optional This is to group the same type of machines for example data encoding decoding can be avoided between the same type of machines during communication TUXCONFIG String Required The complete pathname of the TUXCONFIG file TLOGSIZE numeric Optional The size of the transaction log size in page ENVFILE String Optional This is used to set the environment for the clients or servers on any particular machine from a named file If the value specifies an invalid filename no values are added to the environment TLOGDEVICE String Optio
132. ng policies and allows you to view add edit or delete policies The following are the steps to monitor a call path initiated froma particular client 1 On the left hand side panel of the Tuxedo component select Domain from the drop down list 2 On the right hand side panel the Call Path tab select the Enable checkbox 3 Select the Filter checkbox with Workstation Client 4 Inputa client name in the Client Name input box 5 Click on the Add amp Enable button The following step will help you to monitor the services of a particular server The steps are similar to the call path monitoring policy where you need to select options on the Service tab In Filter you can select a service from a list or input it manually 5 Start to monitor Tuxedo Log in to the TSAM console and start to monitor the Tuxedo system The menu bar at the top contains the following Oracle TSAM monitoring console functionalities Policy Define and manage system policies Tuxedo Metrics Query Tuxedo monitoring metrics Tuxedo Application Runtime Metrics Query Tuxedo Application Runtime monitoring metrics Management Define user management data management and global parameter settings Alert Define and query alerts Help The online help page For details on the TSAM console user guide you may refer to http docs oracle com cd E26665_ 01 tsam docs1l1lgr1 userguide tsamconhelp html 56 www it ebooks info
133. nication conversational 77 87 event based communication 89 90 publish and subscribe Pub sub 77 Queues Tuxedo Q 87 89 queuing 77 request reply 87 request response 77 PATH variable 21 performance related monitoring tasks TSAM 51 52 printqueue qaddress command 43 Q qmadmin command 40 62 63 QMCONMFIG variable 22 R RDMADAEMONIP option 128 RDMADAEMONPORT option 128 RDMAQENTRIES option 128 RDMAOQSIZE option 128 remote direct memory access RDMA 128 RESOURCES section about 26 parameters 26 27 rex command 40 ROUTING section about 34 parameters 34 S SALT about 13 95 98 125 administering 116 console based installation 100 external web services invoking through 121 GUl based installation 99 silent mode installation 100 Tuxedo services invoking through 121 SALT application configuring 101 SALT configuration compiling 113 SALTDEPLOY file about 111 creating 112 113 SALT gateway GWWS 97 SALT programming 120 SALT WS TX support configuring 116 SCA 7 97 scaadmin function 103 SCA ATMI client configuring 113 tracing 119 SCA ATMI server configuring 115 tracing 119 SCA client programming 122 SCA client security configuring 115 SCA components administering 119 configuring 113 SCA component server programming 122 SCAHOST function 104 SCA JATMI client configuring 114 scapasswordtool function 104 115 SCA programming 120 121 SCA servers monitoring 120 scastructc32 function 104 scastructc fun
134. ns to give you a real life example RESOURCE IPCKEY 80952 key for well known address DOMAINID My_ Domain UID 0777 use it for inter process communication GID 007 use it for inter process communication PERM 0707 Access permissions for inter process communication MAXSERVERS 40 Number simultaneous servers MAXSERVICES 50 Number of services can be publish within same domain MAXGTT 25 Number of simultaneous global transactions MASTER SITE1 SCANUNIT 10 SANITYSCAN 12 BBLQUERY 180 BLOCKTIME 30 OPTIONS LAN MIGRATE MODE MP single or Multi node configuration LDBAL Y To set the load balancing MACHINES machUnix LMID SITE1 TUXDIR usr tuxbin machNT MAXACCESSERS 20 APPDIR usr Biru apps MyApps ENVFILE usr Biru apps MyApps ENVFILE TLOGDEVICE usr Biru apps MyApps TLOG TLOGNAME TLOG TUXCONFIG usr Biru apps MyApps tuxconfig ULOGPFX usr Biru apps MyApps ULOG LMID SITE2 TUXDIR C Biru apps MyApps tuxbin MAXACCESSERS 20 MAXWSCLIENTS 25 APPDIR C Biru apps MyApps ENVFILE C Biru apps MyApps ENVFILE TLOGDEVICE C Biru apps MyApps TLOG TLOGNAME TLOG TUXCONFIG C Biru apps MyApps TLOG tuxconfig 23 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo ULOGPFX C Biru apps MyApps TLOG ULOG GROUPS Branchl LMID SITE1 GRPNO 11 Branch2 LMID SITE2 GRPNO 21 NETWORK SITE1 NADDR machUnix 80952 BRIDGE dev starlan NLSADDR machUnix
135. o a service Communication conversational tpconnect tpdiscon tpsend tprecv TPCONNECT TPDISCON TPSEND TPRECV Used to start a conversational connection with a service Disconnects from a conversational connection Sends a message during a conversation Receives a message during a conversation 72 www it ebooks info Chapter 3 ATMI type C API COBOL API Comments Communication tpnotify TPNOTIFY Notifies the client with event based an unsolicited message tpbroadcast TPBROADCAST To send an unsolicited message to all clients tpsetunsol TPSETUNSOL Set a callback for an unsolicited message tpchkunsol TPCHKUNSOL To check if there is any unsolicited message tppost TPPOST To post an event message tpsubscribe TPSUBSCRIBE To subscribe for an event tpunsubscribe TPUNSUBSCRIBE Unsubscribes an event z TPGETUNSOL Catches an unsolicited message Message tpgprio TPGPRIO Gets the last request s precedence priority tpsprio TPSPRIO To set the next request s priority Memory tpalloc Creates a message management allocate memory tprealloc Reallocates resizing a message tpfree Free message tptypes Gets a message type Server service tpsvrinit TPSVRINIT To initialize a server tpsvrdone TPSVRDONE To terminate a server tpreturn TPRETURN End of service tpforward TPFORWARD Forwards a request to another service
136. o used to derive a number of other addresses for example the name of BB ina multimode system UID numeric_value Optional This is the security access for a Tuxedo application the user ID UID Group ID GID numeric_ value GID of the administrator The default is the user ID of the user who runs tmloadcf MAXACCESSERS Optional The maximum number of processes that can numeric_value concurrently be attached to a Bulletin Board BB which includes clients and system supplied as well as application servers where the administrative processes are not counted MAXSERVERS numeric _ Optional The number of servers in a domain the value MAXSERVERS value can range from 0 to 8 192 the default value is 50 MAXSERVICES numeric_ Optional The number of services in a domain the value MAXSERVICES value can range from 1 to 8 192 the default value is 100 MAXINTERFACES Optional The maximum permissible number of numeric_value CORBA interfaces MAXOBJECTS numeric_ Optional The maximum permissible number of value CORBA objects SCANUNIT numeric_ Optional This defines the time interval seconds value You can set the number of times the BBL will periodically check the sanity of servers local to its machine In addition you can set the number of timeout periods for blocking messages and transactions 26 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 Parameter name and values Required Comments value
137. oadcf This translates the BDMCONFIG configuration file to text format e dmadmin This is the runtime tool to enable administrators to configure monitor and tune domain gateway groups dynamically and to update the domain configuration files The dmadmin command with the c option enters into the configuration mode to update or add new configuration information to the BDMCONFIG file of the domain s configuration file It requires the use of the DMADM server for the administration of the BDMCONFIG file and the GWADM server for the reconfiguration of active domain gateway groups So you need to run one DMADM server and one GWADM server for each domain gateway group in a domain Creating a domain transaction log You need to create a domain transaction log before you start a domain gateway group This needs to be created for the local domain the machine on which DMADM is running You need to use the dmadmin tools to create it gt dmadmin crdmlog crdlog d local domain name This command uses the parameters specified in the DMCONFIG file This command fails if the local domain name is active on the current machine or if a log already exists The dmadmin command has a huge set of options so please refer to following URL for more details http docs oracle com cd E26665_ 01 tuxedo docsligri rfcm rfcmd html wp998708 65 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo A brief example of how to conf
138. ogic machines and their architectural components and as well as benefits they bring to any IT organization We will then move on to the installation of Tuxedo on an Exalogic machine Finally we will cover the most important part of this section configuration of Tuxedo on an Exalogic machine In the end we will see how to run Tuxedo on Exalogic and some supporting tools to use for better usage What is Exalogic Exalogic is hardware and software engineered together to provide extreme performance for Java applications and all other enterprise applications Exalogic uses the InfiniBand fabric to connect internal hardware such as processors storage memory and external network interfaces inside the Exalogic machine which works like one unified big and powerful computing device What this means to us is that Exalogic is a machine where hardware operation systems networking middleware and applications are optimized under one umbrella to give you the best performance and stability You should consider Exalogic as the foundation for your cloud environment where Exabus a performance boosting hardware firmware and software work together Exabus eliminates I O bottlenecks which is ideal for cloud or application clustering This is designed for virtualization www it ebooks info Oracle Tuxedo Joining the Exalogic Family The protocol bridging chipset for Ethernet network virtualization is unique to Exalogic According to Oracle Tuxedo give
139. omponents can be built in various standard languages and can be deployed in the related container You may access them using various standard methods So a component provides some business functions that can be published as a service The implementation can have dependencies on the services of other components which can be accessed through references Each of these components can have properties which can be set using an XML file So multiple components can be joined logically to provide an e2e business solution in an SCA model these are known as composites As an example a composite may contain one or more components connected through a reference for example under the WebLogic environment SALT provides mechanisms to use a Tuxedo service as one of the components of a composite or business solution Service Java Interface WSDL PortType Binding Web Service SCA JCA JMS Customer Service Web Environment gt mponent gt c Reference Java Interface WSDL PortType Binding WebService SCA JCA JMS Customer Component Tuxedo Environment Customer SCA Proxy Component JATMI SCA Binding Tuxedo Service Component Customer Broker Components D gt senice D gt Reference A Property In this section we
140. on we will discuss SALT s command line utilities and some of the functions Some of the most commonly used commands are explained in detail here The buildscaclient command The buildscaclient command is used to build a client program to call SCA based components running on the Tuxedo environment buildscaclient c default component v h k o name s SCAroot firstfiles 1 lastfiles S structurefiles The following are the attributes of this command e c This specifies the component to be used for this application e v This is a pacifier to turn off on the verbose mode of this command e k This is to maintain the generated proxy files that allow dynamic interfacing of clients and references e o This is the name of the client application generated by this command e s The location of the SCA root where the required components are located the SCDL files e This is used to include the files first before the SCA libraries during the compile time of this command e 1 This is used to include the files last during compile time of this command e s Asource or binary file that specifies the SCA structure 101 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo The buildscacomponent command The buildscacomponent command is used to build the SCA components from the SCDL source file where the component s in the composite s file s is are specified and it then produces e
141. on of Tuxedo guides you on how to configure a Tuxedo application and all its parameters with their syntax and relevant values It covers the various Tuxedo administrative tools that are very important for a Tuxedo administrator to perform his her daily work and finally wraps up with tuning suggestions Chapter 3 Development of Tuxedo Various APIs discusses how to use Tuxedo APIs to build your applications which are the clients combined with the server modules Their syntax and value range has been provided as applicable Also it briefly describes all the Tuxedo buffer types communication paradigms and most importantly transactions processing XA Chapter 4 Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo covers SALT this is an add on product that allows external web service applications to invoke Tuxedo services and vice versa It covers the basics of SALT and how to use SALT to connect a Tuxedo service from or to an SOA environment Chapter 5 Oracle Tuxedo Joining the Exalogic Family discusses the Exalogic machine and its architecture briefly and then discusses how to configure and deploy the Tuxedo application in this environment What you need for this book You may need to download Tuxedo and SALT from the Oracle site at the following URL http www oracle com technetwork middleware tuxedo downloads index html Please make sure you download the right version of Tuxedo for your specific operating system 2 www it
142. on processes are running After starting tux_msgq_ monitor successfully you can boot the Tuxedo application You can also use a shell script that helps you start all the processes in the master node that is tux_msgq_monitor and a Tuxedo application Please make sure that the environment variables TUXCONFIG LD_LIBRARY_PATH and APPDIR are set properly before you run this command So to be very specific the following script starts up tux_msgq_monitor executes tmboot to start the Oracle Tuxedo application and starts tlisten if the option 1 is specified Prompt gt tmboot sh i daemon ip d daemon port M shm size K shm key 1 nlsaddr 134 www it ebooks info Chapter 5 On the slave node you can run the following command to start the tux_msgq_ monitor and tlisten functions Prompt gt tlisten_start sh 1 nlsaddr i daemon ip d daemon port M shm_ size K shm key On an MP mode configuration you need to run the commands in the following order Prompt gt tmlisten_start sh on all the slave nodes Prompt gt tmboot sh on the master node Stop tux_msgq_monitor You need to use the kill command while using the 9 option with pid of tux_ msgq_ monitor use ipcrm to clear the IPC resources Prompt gt kill 9 pid of Msgq daemon Prompt gt ipcrm m shmid Like the start up shell script you can also run a shutdown command on the master node to stop both the Tuxedo application and tux_msgq_monitor Prompt g
143. out value is 300 seconds but you should use it or tune it accordingly Maximum content length control The max_content_length parameter is used to define the buffer size for an incoming HTTP message a client can send by default zero there is no limit 117 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo Benefits of multiple GWWS instances To avoid bottlenecks due to network or low CPU resources you may like to configure multiple Gwws instances and deploy them with the same web service binding on a distributed Tuxedo environment which will help you boost application performance To tune your application conduct a typical usage analysis so that you get a better estimate for example of the number of concurrent clients the maximum message size being used or you want to control and how timeout is working for the clients and then set the parameters accordingly If you need more throughputs even after this kind of activity you may need to consider multiple Gwws servers to boost performance Monitoring the GWWS server The command line option wsadmin which we have listed above is the monitoring tool for the GWWS server Both the TUXCONFIG and SALTCONFIG environment variables need to be set first and then you can execute wsadmin You can run this command in either the active or the inactive mode Here we will discuss the various options subcommands you can use for monitoring purposes e gwstats T
144. pe of the field e FLAGs This is not used at present Comments This is just for documentation purposes The following code snippet helps you with allocating memory for the FML buffer FBFR fmlPrt c pointer to an FML type buffer fmlPtr FBFR tpalloc FML NULL Fneeded f v FML has a very rich set of functions as a manipulation language they number around 100 So I do not intend to explain them in this section but I have listed them so that you know what they are CFadd CFadd32 CFchg CFchg32 CFfind CF find32 CFfindocc CFf findocc32 CFget CFget32 CFgetalloc CFgetalloc32 F error F_error32 Fadd Fadd32 Fadds Fadds32 Falloc Falloc32 1 Fboolco Fboo1co32 Fvboolco Fvboolco32 Fboolev Fboolev32 Fvboolev Fvboolev32 Fboolpr Fboolpr32 Fvboolpr Fvboolpr32 Fchg Fchg32 1 Fchgs Fchgs32 Fchksum Fchksum32 Femp Fcemp32 Fconcat Fconcat32 Fepy Fcpy32 Fdel Fde132 Fdelall Fdelal132 Fdelete Fdelete32 Fextread Fextread32 Ffind Ffind32 Ffindlast Ffindlast32 Ffindocc Ffindocc32 Ffinds Ffinds32 F loatev Ffloatev32 Fvfloatev Fvfloatev32 Ffprint Ffprint32 Ffree Ffree32 Fget Fget32 Fgetalloc Fgetalloc32 Fgetlast Fgetlast32 Fgets Fgets32 Fgetsa Fgetsa32 Fidxused Fidxused32 Fielded Fielded32 Findex Findex32 Finit Finit32 Fjoin Fjoin32 Fldid Fldid32 Fldno Fldno32
145. pecify the instances of transaction manager servers to begin with for a group and to automatically set up in an MSSQ The NETWORK section In the NETWORK section you need to configure a network for a LAN environment for communication between the Tuxedo application and the various domain nodes 30 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 Parameter name and values Required Comments values what it means optional BRIDGE String Optional The BRIDGE parameter uses this device on the same LMID value to access the network NADDR String Required This is the network ID hostname of a machine and port number for a BRIDGE process which is the listener process within the same LMID value For example host name port_number MINENCRYPTBITS 0 Optional The minimum level of encryption that 40 56 128 is required when the network link is established MAXENCRYPTBITS 0 Optional The maximum level of encryption that 40 56 128 is required when the network link is established NETGROUP String Optional The network group related with this network entry NLSADDR String Optional The network and port to define the tlisten process For example port The SERVER section The SERVER section provides information on the initial conditions for servers started in the system This is an executable program created by buildserver so asa process this executable continually runs and waits for service req
146. ping a Tuxedo server 79 Sample server code structure 80 Advertising a service 80 Tuxedo server ATMI functions 81 How to compile a server 81 Tuxedo buffer types 82 The STRING buffer 82 The CARRAY buffer 83 The VIEW buffer 83 The FML buffer 84 The XML buffer 86 Client server communication paradigms 86 Request reply 87 Conversational 87 Queues Tuxedo Q 87 Event based communication 89 Transaction in Tuxedo 90 The XA interface and two phase commit 91 Creating or initiating a transaction 92 Tuxedo s transactional functions 92 Tuxedo Transaction Log TLOG 93 Summary 93 Chapter 4 SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo 95 Getting acquainted with SALT 95 The SALT gateway GWWS and service metadata repository server 97 WSDL utilities for SALT 97 The SCA concept and Tuxedo service 97 SALT installation 98 GUlI based installation 99 Installing on Windows 99 Installing on Unix 99 Console based installation 100 Silent installation 100 ii www it ebooks info Table of Contents Configuration of a SALT application 101 SCA container APIs and utilities 101 The buildscaclient command 101 The buildscacomponent command 102 The buildscaserver command 102 The GWWS command 103 Configuring the Tuxedo web services 106 The UBBCONFIG file 106 The Tuxedo service metadata repository 107 Configuration of the native web services 109 Configuration of external web services 110 Compiling the SALT configuration 113 Configuri
147. plication password as you run it The following is the syntax of this command tmloadc n y c b blocks UBBCONFIG file Let s discuss the attributes of this command e n This option is used for checking the syntax of the UBBCONF1IG file without updating the TUXCONFIG file e y This option is used for prompting on the console e c This option is used to calculate and display the minimum IPC resources needed for this configuration e b This option specifies the block size for the device It is a recommended option if you are using a raw device You may ignore it if the filesystem already exists The tmboot command The tmboot command brings up the Tuxedo application instance This can be invoked by the Tuxedo administrator to bring up the Tuxedo application in whole or ina part by using the following parameters tmboot 1 lmid g grpname i srvid s aout o sequence S A b B lmid e command w y g l n c m M d1 Let s discuss the attributes of this command e 1 Imid All the groups associated with this LMID value will boot and all associated TMSs and gateway servers will also boot accordingly e g grpname The same as above for group names mentioned by grpname e s server name All servers in the SERVERS section are executed by server name e o sequence All servers with the sequence parameter are executed e s All servers in the SERVERS section are executed
148. ployed in the platform as well as their relationships and dependencies e Monitoring the application This is the most important task that needs to be done 24 7 alert messages should be implemented in such a way that he she can be proactive and detect issues before they interfere with business 20 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 e Security A strong security module needs to be in place to ensure that the application services is used in a proper manner no one other than the administrator should be able to change anything in the system e Diagnosing and rectifying Tuxedo issues He she should diagnose problems occurring in the operation of the application and then take corrective action e Upgrade plan This could be upgrading Tuxedo or the OS patch he she needs to plan accordingly to ensure that the system downtime is minimal and does not affect the flow of business e Governance module Implementing a strong governance module to ensure that all the applications getting deployed on the Tuxedo platform meet quality standards thus maintaining the stability and scalability of the applications Configuring and setting up a Tuxedo application Under this section we will discuss how a Tuxedo application is structured and configured using the UBBCONFIG file as well as the associated environment variables to set up the environment before you use Tuxedo Environment variables There are various environment variables that need to b
149. pointer to SampleView structure SampleViewPtr struct SampleView tpalloc VIEW SampleView sizeof struct SampleView The FML buffer FML stands for Field Manipulation Language This is very much like a tag value pair It provides a rich set of C functions to manipulate the buffer where you can create modify delete and access a field and much more There are two types of FML FML16 and FML32 You need to perform the following steps to use FML16 FML32 1 Create the FML field table files 2 Use the mkf1ldhdr or mkfldhdr32 command to create a header file for both the client and server programs gt mkfldhdr d path for header files are written FML field_ table It will create a header file with the h extension 3 Set the environment variable FIELDTBLS FIELDTBLS32 with the name of the header files separated by a comma and FLDTBLDIR FLDTBLDIR32 with directories separated by a colon for the FML16 FML32 files The following is a sample of an FML file SampleFML Base 200 84 www it ebooks info Chapter 3 NAME NUMBER TYPE FLAGS Comments Name 200 String Customer name Age 220 long Customer age The following are the attributes of an FML file e Base value This specifies a baseline for offsetting succeeding field numbers NAME This specifies the identifier for the field NUMBER This specifies the relative value of the field in numbers e TYPE This specifies the ty
150. quivalent executable libraries buildscacomponent v s scaroot f firstfiles 1 lastfiles S structurefiles c compositename componentname compositename y k h The following are the attributes of this command e v This is a pacifier to turn off on the verbose mode of this command e s The location of the SCA root where the required components are located SCDL files e This is used to include a file first before the SCA libraries during compile time e 1 This is used to include a file at the last during compile time of this command e c This specifies the name of the composite s processed e K This is used to retain the generated proxy and wrapper source e s Asource or binary file that specifies the SCA structure The buildscaserver command The buildscaserver command is used to create a Tuxedo server from the SCDL definitions and interfaces buildscaserver o servername wp1160640 composite composite v s scaroot w r rmname y k t S The following are the attributes of this command e o This specifies the executable name of the server e c This specifies the list of the composite s hosted e v This is a pacifier to turn off on the verbose mode of this command e s The location of the SCA root where the required components are located the SCDL files e w This specifies that the generated server will host the web service binding enabled components
151. re created by this tool Oracle Tuxedo service metadata repository input file The GWWS server refers to the repository and advertises SALT s proxy services to ensure that they will be recognized by any ATMI call from a Tuxedo service FML32 field table definition file This is just a data mapping mechanism between the Tuxedo FML32 buffer and a WSDL message Non native WSDF file A WSDF file needs to be deployed for the GWWS server to work as an outbound connector you need to create this WSDF file from the WSDL file using a wsdlcvt converter XML schema file The WSDL and XML embedded or imported files used by GWWS servers are saved as xsd under the same file directory 2 Post conversion tasks Tools do most of the work for you but during conversion some naming conflicts may occur so you need to be careful about data points and their correctness The following is the naming convention for SALT s proxy service definitions Removing the duplicated name of the service in the metadata keyword tuxservice definitions Removing the duplicated field names in the FML32 buffer definitions 3 How to load SALT proxy service metadata definitions You need to run tmloadrepos to load the SALT proxy service metadata definitions into the service metadata repository once you have resolved all naming conflicts 110 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 4 Environment variables for GWWS runtime Please make sure your en
152. renced by the BDMCONFIG environment variable 5 Start the Oracle Tuxedo application servers by running tmboot You may check if all the domain related servers are up and running In this section we discussed the Tuxedo domain which is mainly used when a company grows A company s IT department may need to organize and manage their business information in a different manner which consists of various applications with different functionality or located in multiple locations This Tuxedo domain s feature helps in segregating infrastructure for simplifying the solution while maintaining seamless interoperability among the business applications For more detailed information on Tuxedo domain configuration please refer to the Oracle website at http docs oracle com cd E26665_ 01 tuxedo docs1lgr1 add addome html Tuning the application Planning the architecture of a Tuxedo system is a very important and critical task as there are a number of components that have various parameters that can impact performance scalability reliability and security There are basically two major areas we need to look at modularity which makes applications more manageable and agile and resource management which means sharing common resources to reduce maintenance that is time and cost As an administrator you need to keep these two in mind and you don t need to predefine the application configuration all at once The initial default values for paramet
153. ristics of conversational communication e May send and receive one or multiple messages with the caller e May initiate with other conversational services e Should not be using tpforward e Must end the conversation with the caller with tpreturn Client n a Price_List tpconnect Price_list Price_List svcinfo tprecv Data __resonse tpsend Data Request tpsend Data i q H tprecv Data tprebv ae Data eee eee oe tpreturn Data Response Queues Tuxedo Q Tuxedo s reliable queue is another communication paradigm that has been used internally within Tuxedo s internal process communication and it can be used for client server communication as well We have discussed the Tuxedo queue in the two previous chapters from an administrative point of view and in this section we will be discussing how a developer can use the Tuxedo queue APIs to initiate more reliable communication within the application s components 87 www it ebooks info Development of Tuxedo Various APIs The application queue is ideal to use when an application needs to communicate in an asynchronous manner or both parties are not online at the same time This allows an application to put a message into the disk based or file based queue so that a message can be dequeued in a logical order Both the enqueuing and dequeuing process can b
154. rs I have listed all the Tuxedo commands and how to monitor a Tuxedo application using these commands and TSAM s web based GUI interface I have also explained the Tuxedo queue and the reliable messaging mechanism and how to create and administer it The Tuxedo domain is another important component that can be used for real time distributed applications spread across geographical and organizational boundaries We discussed various built in features of Tuxedo for example load balancing and data dependent routing that make Tuxedo more robust scalable and easy to use Each of these sections itself is a vast topic and a book can be written on each of them The intention of this book is to give you a quick overview of each of these important components of Tuxedo In the end we discussed some of the practical tuning guidelines you should consider for better throughput utilization and stability of a Tuxedo system 69 www it ebooks info Development of Tuxedo Various APIs The Tuxedo application interface is called Application to Transaction Monitor Interface ATMI In this chapter we will discuss how to use these interfaces to build your applications combinations of the client and server modules Tuxedo buffer types communication paradigms and transactions XA These ATMIs are very rich and could be overwhelming to start with so my intention is to give you a quick overview of each of their categories and some brief chara
155. rtune 500 companies around the world In 2008 Tuxedo became an Oracle product along with all the other BEA Systems products for example WebLogic server and others 9 www it ebooks info Getting Started with Tuxedo Tuxedo architecture and anatomy Clients and servers are the application processing components of a Tuxedo system Server processes provide one or more named services Client processes can request services without having to know where they are located The named service feature provides a directory of services that result in the request being routed to one of the servers providing the service Clients and servers communicate by sending messages When the clients and servers are distributed over different machines Tuxedo makes the networking infrastructure by connecting the client and server machines while keeping the client server request response model transparent Programmers therefore do not have to worry about where the service is located or what the underlying network protocols are The application s code remains the same whether the clients and servers are running on a single machine or distributed over multiple machines The basic middleware characteristics that Tuxedo supports are as follows e Simplifies the segregation of the clients and servers logic e Manages and helps in monitoring distributed transactions among multiple data sources e Extremely modular in nature one or more servers may fail
156. ry requirements The following are the minimum memory requirements recommended by Oracle to run your application 1GBof RAM 4 MB of RAM for each Oracle Tuxedo system server e Hard disk The following is the minimum hard disk requirement recommended by Oracle 2GB of disk space is required for Tuxedo installation Note that the Oracle Tuxedo installation program creates a temporary directory to extract the files from the archive prior to installing Tuxedo GA on the target system So it is important to have sufficient space during installation The JRE is moved to the Oracle home directory from the temporary file at the end of the installation process 14 www it ebooks info Chapter 1 For more details on hardware and operating systems Oracle Tuxedo s support policy or more related information please refer to the following link http docs oracle com cd E26665_ 01 tuxedo docsligri install inspds html Platform specific installer files for the Oracle Tuxedo product software are available for download at Oracle s corporate website http www oracle com technetwork middleware tuxedo downloads index html Tuxedo installation components You can start your installation once you have downloaded the installation file but it is good to know that there are seven installation sets bundled in Tuxedo and you can choose any one of them during installation They are listed as follows e Full All components of
157. s tpconnect int tpconnect char service char indata long length long flags tpsend int tpsend int c descriptor char indata long length long flags long r event tprecv int tprecv int c descriptor char indata long length long flags long r event tpdiscon int tpdiscon int c descriptor tpforward tpforward char service char indata long length long flags tpalloc char tpalloc char Btype char sub type long sizeofbuf tpchkauth int tpchkauth void tpterm int tpterm void For more information on each of these interfaces please refer to the following URL http docs oracle com cd E26665_ 01 tuxedo docsligr1 rf3c rf3c html wp1022852 Developing a Tuxedo server We discussed the Tuxedo client in the previous section and now we ll discuss how to develop a Tuxedo server for a client s request or for other servers that call a server to get some work done and finally return it to the client The Tuxedo server provides services business functions to the client or other servers It starts the process as it gets the request and replies back to its caller A service must be made known advertised in such a way that another client or server can call it 79 www it ebooks info Development of Tuxedo Various APIs The servers are started when a Tuxedo application is booted tmboot and they do the following two things e tpsvrinit which is a callback function is called af
158. s pathnames dummy URLs user input and Twitter handles are shown as follows You need to run wsdlcvt on the WSDL to produce a WSDF file A block of code is set as follows char carrayPtr long carraysize carraysize 1024 carrayPtr tpalloc CARRAY NULL carraysize 3 www it ebooks info Preface When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block the relevant lines or items are set in bold char carrayPtr long carraysize carraysize 1024 carrayPtr tpalloc CARRAY NULL carraysize Any command line input or output is written as follows buildserver C M s services func v o outfile f E firstfiles 1 lastfiles r g rmmame r g rmid rmname envlabel t New terms and important words are shown in bold Words that you see on the screen in menus or dialog boxes for example appear in the text like this Click on NEXT to proceed with the installation Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this Q Tips and tricks appear like this Reader feedback Feedback from our readers is always welcome Let us know what you think about this book what you liked or may have disliked Reader feedback is important for us to develop titles that you really get the most out of To send us general feedback simply send an e mail to feedback packtpub com and mention the book title through the subject of your message
159. s what it means optional DBBLWAIT numeric_ Optional In the MP mode configuration the DBBL value waits for the reply response from BBL in SCANUNIT DBBLWAIT seconds and the timeout occurs accordingly BBLQUERY numeric_ Optional This is the heartbeat interval used by DBBL value to check the health of all the BBLs so the product of BBLQUERY and SCANUNIT is the interval time MASTER Stringl Required Here String is the master machine s String2 name and String2 is the backup master machine s name MODEL SHM MP Required This indicates the type of system SHM means a single node and MP means multiple nodes in the system SECURITY NONE Optional This is to set the security feature for an APP PW USER_AUTH application NONE means default will be ACL MANDATORY ACL used DOMAINID String Optional This is the name of the domain it sets to null if you do not input anything LDBAL Y N Optional To turn off and turn on the load balancing TMNETLOAD can be used for local preference MAXBUFTYPE numeric_ Optional The maximum number of buffer types and value subtypes MAXCONV numeric_ Optional The maximum number of conversations value allowed on a machine MAXNETGROUPS Optional The highest number of network groups that numeric value can be defined under the NETWORK section BLOCKTIME numeric_ Optional This is the multiplier of SCANUNIT and value BLOCKTIME which is to set the time out for a blocki
160. s PacktLib is Packt s online digital book library Here you can access read and search across Packt s entire library of books Why Subscribe e Fully searchable across every book published by Packt e Copy and paste print and bookmark content e On demand and accessible via web browser Free Access for Packt account holders If you have an account with Packt at www Packt Pub com you can use this to access PacktLib today and view nine entirely free books Simply use your login credentials for immediate access www it ebooks info Table of Contents Preface 1 Chapter 1 Getting Started with Tuxedo 7 Introduction to the distributed client server architecture using Tuxedo 7 Some of the benefits of client server technology 9 The history of Tuxedo 9 Tuxedo architecture and anatomy 10 Installation of Tuxedo 14 Hardware and software requirements 14 Tuxedo installation components 15 Installation procedures 16 Graphical user interface GUI installation 16 Console installation 17 Silent installation 17 Summary 18 Chapter 2 Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo 19 Tuxedo administration 20 Responsibility of a Tuxedo administrator 20 Configuring and setting up a Tuxedo application 21 Environment variables 21 Configuring and structuring a Tuxedo application 22 The RESOURCES section 26 The MACHINES section 28 The GROUPS section 30 The NETWORK section 30 The SERVER section 31 The SERVICE section 32 The ROUTING section 34
161. s 80 to 400 percent improvement and 8 times faster response time on an Exalogic machine Fusion Middleware amp Application WebLogic Coherance Jrockit amp HotSpot Tuxedo Exalogic Cloud Software Exabus amp Exalogic System Utilities Linux Solaris Exalogic Elastic Cloud Exalogic machine Need to install Enterprise Manager An Exalogic machine is built with Sun Fire X4170 M2 servers and the very high speed Sun ZFS storage and uses InfiniBand switched fabric communications link and Ethernet networking components It has four varieties full rack with 32 nodes Sun Fire X4170 M2 half rack with 16 nodes quarter rack with 8 nodes and eighth rack with 4 nodes Tuxedo installation on an Exalogic machine The installation procedure of Tuxedo on an Exalogic machine is very similar to any other Unix or Linux based system You need to make sure your Exalogic machine is commissioned which includes networking configurations IP address assignments and setting up the storage Please refer to the Initial Configuration of an Exalogic Machine Using Oracle OneCommand section in the Oracle Exalogic machine owners guide 126 www it ebooks info Chapter 5 You need to pick the Oracle Tuxedo home directory the recommendation is to install Oracle Tuxedo in one of the shares on Sun ZFS storage appliance locations so that you can run Oracle Tuxedo on
162. s an unsolicited message using one of tpnotify or tpbroadcast it gets that notification accordingly Sample client code structure The basic client code structure using Tuxedo ATMI is shown in the following code snippet Include Tuxedo and c lib using include main Use tpalloc to allocate TPINIT buffer You may require to pass user cltname password in the TPINIT buffer as per you security set up tpinit to join the Tuxedo application Send service request using tpcall tpacall Receive reply you need to use tpgetreply for using tpacall Process the reply as per your requirements leave application using tpterm 77 www it ebooks info Development of Tuxedo Various APIs Once you write the client code you need to compile it using the buildclient command provided by Tuxedo The same code can be used for the native or workstation client please check the following section for more details Compiling the native or workstation client Tuxedo provides the buildclient command to compile a Tuxedo client buildclient c v r rmname w o name f 1st file name 1 last file name e v Verbose mode to display the compilation message e w To build the workstation client in such a way that it uses WS libraries e r This specifies the resource manager RM related linked with this client e o The outputted executable filename e The source code file s to be in
163. s been based on this approach from the beginning Tuxedo has been used to build various mission critical distributed applications around the world that are extremely scalable reliable and highly available in nature One may question whether Tuxedo is still relevant in the current IT scenarios The answer is YES It can easily be extended to an SOA environment where the Tuxedo service can be called as a component of a composite in SCA based applications The latest Tuxedo can run on an Exalogic machine one of most futuristic machines for cloud computing All these features are very natural to the Tuxedo environment and returns better ROI In Tuxedo a client program acts like a consumer who initiates a call to the service or a server which is the provider for the service The service is always in a ready state to accept a request from the client www it ebooks info Getting Started with Tuxedo Some of the basic features of Tuxedo in the distributed client server model are as follows e The server and the client are functional modules with distinct interfaces The APIs are standards based SCA XATMI and CORBA The functions performed by a client and a server can be implemented by a set of software modules run on the same or different machines e Each client server association is established between two functional components when a client component initiates a service request for a server which responds to the service request e Tr
164. s of your fellow IT professionals in adapting and customizing today s systems applications and frameworks Our solution based books give you the knowledge and power to customize the software and technologies you re using to get the job done Packt books are more specific and less general than the IT books you have seen in the past Our unique business model allows us to bring you more focused information giving you more of what you need to know and less of what you don t Packt is a modern yet unique publishing company which focuses on producing quality cutting edge books for communities of developers administrators and newbies alike For more information please visit our website www packtpub com Writing for Packt We welcome all inquiries from people who are interested in authoring Book proposals should be sent to author packtpub com If your book idea is still at an early stage and you would like to discuss it first before writing a formal book proposal contact us one of our commissioning editors will get in touch with you We re not just looking for published authors if you have strong technical skills but no writing experience our experienced editors can help you develop a writing career or simply get some additional reward for your expertise www it ebooks info PACKT PUBLISHING Getting Started with Oracle Data Integrator 11g A Hands On Tutorial ISBN 978 1 84968 068 4 Paperback 384 pages Combine high volume dat
165. serve SITE2 NADDR machNT 80952 NLSADDR machNT serve SERVERS DEFAULT RESTART Y MAXGEN 5 REPLYQ Y CLOPT A Teller SRVGRP Branchl SRVID 11 Account SRVGRP Branchl SRVID 12 Balance SRVGRP Branchl SRVID 13 Teller SRVGRP Branch2 SRVID 21 Account SRVGRP Branch2 SRVID 22 Balance SRVGRP Branch2 SRVID 23 SERVICES DEFAULT LOAD 50 AUTOTRAN N WITHDRAWAL PRIO 50 ROUTING ACCOUNT_ID DEPOSIT PRIO 50 ROUTING ACCOUNT_ID CLOSE ACCT PRIO 40 ROUTING ACCOUNT_ID OPEN ACCT PRIO 40 ROUTING BRANCH ID ABAL PRIO 30 ROUTING b_ id TBAL PRIO 30 ROUTING b_ id ROUTING ACCOUNT_ID FIELD Bank ACCOUNT _ID BUFTYPE FML RANGES MIN 9999 100 599 Branchl1 600 9999 Branch2 BRANCH ID FIELD Bank BRANCH ID BUFTYPE FML RANGES MIN 999 1 499 Branch1 500 999 Branch2 b id FIELD b id BUFTYPE VIEW aud RANGES MIN 0 1 5 BA Branch1 6 10 Branch2 24 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 The following diagram depicts the relationship between the sections within the UBBCONFIG file mentioned previously UBB Config a RESOURCES IPCKEY DOMAINID UID GID PERM MAXSERVERS MAXSERVICES MAXGTT MASTER SCANUNIT SANITYSCAN BBLQUERY BLOCKTIME NOTIFY OPTIONS SECURITY AUTHSVC MODE MACHINES MACHINES machUnix LMID SITE1 machNT LMID SITE2 TUXDIR M
166. slates each operation s specified in this file into a SALT proxy service The translated SALT s proxy service can be invoked directly through the standard Tuxedo ATMI functions These service calls are routed through the GWWS server The request is translated from Tuxedo type buffers into the SOAP message and then sent to the corresponding external web service The response from an external web service is translated into Tuxedo type buffers and returned to the Tuxedo application Like any other Tuxedo development you can use tperrno in case a call returns with an error the GWWS server sets it accordingly This enables you to detect and handle the SALT proxy service call s error status SCA programming As we have seen in the first section the SCA components use ATMI binding to run on a Tuxedo environment The ATMI binding is built to set the communication paradigms between the SCA components and Tuxedo clients or servers The runtime checks are encapsulated in an exception defined in a header tuxsca h provided with the ATMI binding This exception ATMIBindingException is derived from ServiceRuntimeException and thrown back to the caller SALT s SCA programming utilities are listed in the first section of this chapter You can build a client or server using the SCA components with these utilities 121 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo SCA client programming The following steps are needed to bui
167. st response A client program sends a request to a server service and waits for the server services response before it executes any other operation that is synchronous in nature A client uses the tpca11 function to invoke this kind of communication in Tuxedo There is an asynchronous way of doing such communication where the client can send the request and get the reply later as needed This is a stateless communication and tpacal1 and tpgetreply are used for this type of communication e Conversational This is similar to request reply but in a more conversational mode where request and reply come back and forth from the client and servers This is a stateful communication and Tuxedo provides the tpconnect tpsend tprecv and tpdiscon ATMI functions e Queuing Many times a client program may need to communicate in online mode as in the previous two paradigms we can call it a time independent communication where the client puts the message s in a reliable queue and not in an online mode with those that pick up the message from the queue There are two functions in ATMI namely tpenqueue and tpdequeue e Publish and subscribe Pub sub This communication between the client and servers is based on an event There are three functions associated with it namely tpsetunsol tpnotify and tpbroadcast A client has to register to an application using tpsetunsol and then if anybody client or server generate
168. stallation summary information printed on the screen please make sure that you have the information you desired to have PRESS lt ENTER gt TO CONTINUE 50 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 11 Once the installation is complete the following message is displayed Installation Complete Congratulations installed to PRESS lt ENTER gt TO EXIT THE INSTALLER For a GUI based installation you need to run the Oracle TSAM installation program It can run on both Windows and Unix systems Once you launch the GUI the inputs are the same as the current installation Various administrative tasks using TSAM TSAM is a very useful tool for a Tuxedo administrator as he she can use it for many useful monitoring tuning or reporting tasks that he she needs to perform daily to keep the Tuxedo system healthy e Tuxedo has several important system servers BRIDGE GWITDOMAIN and GWWS As you know BRIDGE connects multiple Tuxedo machines within a Tuxedo domain Similarly GWTDOMAIN connects one Tuxedo domain with others and Gwws is the web service gateway for all the SALT components The system server monitors and tracks message throughput awaiting the reply messages on each network connection for BRIDGE and GWTDOMAIN For Gwws the web service requests statistics will be collected e There are various performance related monitoring tasks some of them are as follows Service name The name of an Oracle Tuxedo service
169. stener JSL The JSL setup is similar to WSL you need to use the following option in the DMCONFIG file e JSL listening on SDP Refer to the following example on working with the JSL configuration using SDP SERVERS DEFAULT CLOPT A JSL SRVGRP WSGRP SRVID 1001 CLOPT A n sdp IB_IP 11101 m1 M10 x1 e JSL listening on IPoIB Refer to the following example on working with the JSL configuration using IPoIB SERVERS DEFAULT CLOPT A JSL SRVGRP WSGRP SRVID 1001 CLOPT A n IB_IP 11101 m1 M10 x1 The WebLogic Tuxedo connector WTC You need to do the following two steps to enable an SDP connection between the WTC and Tuxedo 1 Specify the NWADDR value of the WTC service local remote access points as follows sdp IB_IP port 132 www it ebooks info Chapter 5 It is the same as the GWTDOMAIN s NWADDR configuration in the DMCONFIG file 2 You need to put an additional Java option in the WLS start up command as follows Djava net preferIPv4Stack true java command line Databases There is nothing special you need to do to use the database or XA interface as this standard is widely supported on all the major database vendor products You may want to use SDP for Oracle database invocations but again you don t need to perform anything special in a Tuxedo application You do however need to configure the database to support InfiniBand You can set the two parameters in
170. stener WSL 12 composites 98 configuration external web services 110 configuration file Tuxedo domain 64 configuration GWIDOMAIN connecting IPoIB used 131 connecting SDP used 130 for listening on IPoIB 131 for listening on SDP 130 configuration native web services 109 110 configuration SALT application 101 configuration SALT WS TX support 116 configuration SCA ATMI client 113 configuration SCA ATMI server 115 configuration SCA client security 115 configuration SCA components 113 configuration SCA JATMI client 114 configuration SCA web service client 114 configuration SCA web service server 115 configuration SCA workstation client 114 configuration service contract discovery 116 configuration Tuxedo application about 22 tips 35 36 configuration web services 106 console based installation SALT 100 console installation Tuxedo 17 conversational communication characteristics 87 CORBA 8 139 www it ebooks info D data compression 60 Data dependent routing DDR about 58 distributed applications 59 horizontally partitioned 58 rule based servers 59 data encryption 59 Distinguished BBL DBBL 12 distributed client server model Tuxedo features 8 Distributed Transaction Processing DTP 91 DMADM 13 dmadmin command 40 65 DMCONTFIG file 64 dmloadcf command 64 65 DM_MIB 42 dmunloadcf command 40 65 DoMain Administrative server DMADM 63 Domain Gateways 13 Domain Gateway server GWTDOMA
171. steps for SALT s GUI based installation on Windows 1 Go to Run on the Start menu Select the Windows installer executable file saltl1gR1_tux11lgR1_32_ win2k8 x86 vs2008 exe Click on Open InstallAnywhere runs and the Introduction screen appears Click on NEXT to proceed with the installation The rest of the steps are very user friendly and self explanatory just make sure the home directory is properly chosen Installing on Unix Log in as a root or another user with sufficient permissions and perform the following steps 1 Execute the installation program For example UNIXPrompt gt sh saltllgR1 tuxllgR1 64 hpux 1123 ia bin 99 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo 2 The Introduction screen will appear Click on Next to proceed with the installation The rest of the steps are very user friendly and self explanatory just make sure the home directory is properly chosen Console based installation SALT s console based installation is only for Unix follow the ensuing steps 1 Log in as a root or any other user with sufficient permissions 2 Execute the installation program For example for the HP UX platform select either of the following UNIXPrompt gt saltllgR1 tuxllgR1 64 hpux 1123 ia bin i console Or saltllgR1 tux1llgR1_64 hpux 1123 ia bin i console 3 The installation program runs and prompts you for responses see the the Listing 3 1 sectio
172. t form If the Tuxedo security is set with APP_Pw or higher an SCA component has to refer to it by searching in the password store file Carry out the following steps to add create a user ID password the password is not echoed on the screen 1 Prompt gt Enter scapasswordtool i userID a 2 Prompt gt Enter password password 3 Prompt gt Confirm password password Run the following command to delete a password user ID and password Prompt gt scapasswordtool i userID d In the previous section we have briefly discussed all the different types of SCA client and server related configurations and security modules For more detailed information please refer to the following URL http docs oracle com cd E15261_01 salt docsllgri admin config html wp1095401 115 www it ebooks info SALT Service Architecture Leveraging Tuxedo Configuring the service contract discovery The internal service of the TMMETADATA server gets the service contract information from the server that provides the service The TMMETADATA server s job is to produce a service contract by summarizing the collected data This information is stored in the metadata repository SALT uses the tmscd command to control the service contract runtime collection The generated service s contract information contains the service name request buffer information and response buffer information as well as the error buffer information if there is
173. t tmshut sh On the slave node you can run the following command Prompt gt tlisten stop sh To shut down all the processes on an MP mode configuration you need to run the commands in the following order Prompt gt tmshut sh on the master node Prompt gt tmlisten_stop sh on all the slave nodes So this basically concludes all the relevant topics we intended to cover regarding Tuxedo on an Exalogic machine We discussed the Exalogic machine and its various benefits and components how to install Tuxedo on it and then configure it and finally how to start and stop a Tuxedo application 135 www it ebooks info Oracle Tuxedo Joining the Exalogic Family Summary We have discussed the importance of SOA and cloud based elastic capacity for enterprise IT organizations to provide more demanding performance and reliability to meet business requirements and agility It is not so easy to build custom special purpose systems for different applications as it would be very complex time consuming and expensive The Exalogic elastic cloud is considered to be one of the first integrated middleware machines it far surpasses the alternatives and provides enterprises with the best possible foundation for running applications The good news for Tuxedo users is that it runs on Exalogic while leveraging all of Exalogic s features to the fullest and it gives much better results on performance reliability and scalability for IT In
174. t using the workstation libraries native mode is default e o This option specifies the filename of the output load module If not supplied the load module is named a out e f This option specifies one or more user files to be included first in the compilation and link edit phases of buildclient before the Oracle Tuxedo ATM libraries e 1 This option specifies one or more user files to be included last in the compilation and link edit phases of buildclient after the Oracle Tuxedo ATMI libraries 36 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 The buildserver command This command constructs the Tuxedo ATMI server module Its syntax is as follows buildserver C M s services func v o outfile f firstfiles 1 lastfiles r g rmmame r g rmid rmname envlabel t E Let s discuss the attributes of this command e c This option stipulates the COBOL compilation e m This option specifies the server to be associated with multiple XA complaint resource managers this option is mandatory e s The names of services that can be advertised when the server is booted e v The buildserver command should work in verbose mode to ensure that all messages can be seen during compilation e o This option specifies the filename of the output load module If not supplied the load module is named SERVER e f This option specifies one or more user files to be included first in the co
175. tensions to call Python or Ruby components 122 www it ebooks info Chapter 4 SALT programming is a huge topic and can have different aspects for more information refer to the program guide under the Oracle site http docs oracle com cd E15261_01 salt docsllgr1 prog index html Also there are some good examples provided by Oracle on the following site http docs oracle com cd E15261_01 salt docsllgri samples index html Summary Tuxedo provides many ways to connect with other SOA platforms and environments As one of the original SOA platforms SALT was introduced to make the Tuxedo platform more adaptable and extendable to the SOA world By providing support for the SCA SALT allows customers to quickly develop and compose SOA based applications running on the most robust infrastructure in the industry We have discussed how to configure and administrate various SALT components in this chapter One important characteristic of SCA is the outlining of a new software design model which has been picked up by IT community very well today However it is a huge topic and I do not intend to cover it in this book 123 www it ebooks info Oracle Tuxedo Joining the Exalogic Family We have discussed how SALT helps us to integrate Tuxedo with the SOA environment similarly we will discuss how Exalogic extends a Tuxedo service into the cloud environment in this chapter To start we will briefly discuss the Exal
176. ter the server is connected to an application but before processing any application request If an XA resource manager is being used with the server tpopen connects to the resource manager using OPENINFO from the UBBCONF1IG file e The server registers itself with a Bulletin Board as available for processing any request and waits for a new request to come in Sample server code structure There are basically three sections of a server tpsvrinit to initialize the server MyService to specify the service in the business logic and lastly tpsvrdone when you need to close any connections to the database or resources manager The default function can be used if there is no termination logic Need to include c and Tuxedo library and header files tpsvrinit int argc char argv do all initialization working for server e g connecting to database etc return 0 MyService TPSVCINFO rqst Write My Service logic here to do specific job tpreturn TPSUCCESS 0 rqst gt data OL 0 tpsvrdone void close any connection to database before server get shutdown Advertising a service There are four different ways we can advertise a service e Compile time This is the normal way where we mention the service name when compiling the server using the buildserver command with the s option in it By default a service name is assumed to map to a service s entry point nam
177. that if you need more space for the queue space you can do that by using the qaddext command 62 www it ebooks info Chapter 2 Monitoring Q Using gmadmin as the command line tool or using the Tuxedo console you can configure monitor and change queues in a Tuxedo application It has a rich set of options 30 to choose from In this section we discussed Tuxedo Q which is one of the most important components of Tuxedo for reliable messaging Tuxedo itself uses Q for its internal process communication The Tuxedo administrator is responsible for defining servers and creating queue spaces and queues using gmadmin as described and must define at least one queue server group with TMS_oQM as the transaction manager server for the group For more information please refer to the Queues Tuxedo Q section of the next chapter The Tuxedo domain The Tuxedo domain can be used for large federated or distributed application architecture across cities countries or different parts of the world The Tuxedo domain facilitates interoperate or extend the scope of various applications to include access to other Tuxedo and non Tuxedo based applications The Tuxedo domain provides transparency between applications to ensure that any client can get services from another domain remote service by maintaining the security norms The Tuxedo administrator can define design different domains based on the geographical location of the dat
178. the Oracle Tuxedo 11g Release that is the server and client components e Server The server components of Tuxedo e Full client The client components of Tuxedo e ATMI WS client The workstation component of Tuxedo e CORBA client The C client and SSL components of Tuxedo e Jolt client The Java client Jolt components of Tuxedo e NET client The NET version of the workstation client components of Tuxedo The Oracle home directory is where all the common files executable and internal files that are accessed by other Oracle components residing on the same machine are stored It is very important to keep in mind that 3 S the home directory is important for ensuring that the Oracle software behaves correctly During the installation you are asked for this home directory According to best practices you need to have one home directory though you may choose to have multiple in a system 15 www it ebooks info Getting Started with Tuxedo Installation procedures The Oracle Tuxedo can be installed in three different ways we will briefly go through each of them in the following sections Graphical user interface GUI installation The graphical user interface installation is the GUI based Oracle Tuxedo installation program that runs on Unix and Windows based systems This is the most popular way to install Tuxedo The following are the steps to be followed for a GUI mode installation on a Windows syste
179. tion in the form of service requests The tpnotify function is used to send an unsolicited message to another client The CLIENTID parameter is the ID for a client data is the message to be passed len is the length and the flags parameters are TPNOBLOCK TPNOTIME OF TPSIGRSTRT On the other hand tpbroadcast is used to send a message to all or a group of clients by using the first three parameters LMID USERNAME and CLIENTID setting null values for these make them wildcards The rest of the three parameters are all the same as tppost A client uses tpsetunsol to register a callback function to get the unsolicited notification The Tuxedo event broker server provides the capability for posting messages which are received by the processes that have subscribed to it A process server or client can subscribe to an event with a name or set a rule to prescribe event subscription We should remember that the event broker server should be used to handle exceptional cases but not as a normal communication mechanism for passing messages The following are the characteristics of the Tuxedo event broker server e The server or a client can post or subscribe to an event e The same event can be posted by many processes and vice versa e Tuxedo provides a set of system event that can be subscribed to by a client or server 89 www it ebooks info Development of Tuxedo Various APIs Tuxedo provides an event broker server
180. tributed in nature The primary responsibilities of a Tuxedo administrator are configuring managing and monitoring the Tuxedo application The most important one for a Tuxedo administrator is how to plan execute and maximize the use of computing resources He she also needs to use various administrative tools in a centralized manner just like a cockpit for his her enterprise and perform proactive actions to keep the Tuxedo application available in the most efficient manner Tuxedo administrators need to know the status of a machine network failures database system failures and other problems that have a global impact on the operation of an application Some important tasks of an administrator are as follows e Installation Installing the software and verifying it to make sure that the software is installed properly and the integrity of the directory structure is maintained as per the recommendation e Ensuring that all machines are properly tuned It is very important to have OS level parameters tuned as per Oracle Tuxedo s recommendation so that the Tuxedo application runs optimally e Designing and organizing Designing and organizing an application built on Tuxedo in such a way that all the components of the application workstations servers resource managers and system resources work as expected e Deployment architecture The administrator needs to have a clear footprint of the Tuxedo components and how all the applications are de
181. uests Parameter name and values Required Comments values what it means optional cONV y N Optional This is used to configure the server as a conversational server SEQUENCE number Optional The sequence of a server when it should boot up or shut down relative to other servers MIN number Optional The minimum number of instances of the server to be booted by tmboot 31 www it ebooks info Configuration and Administration of Tuxedo Parameter name and values Required Comments values what it means optional MAX number Optional The maximum number of instances of the server that can be booted CLOPT String Optional During boot up the servopts options can be conceded to a server process So this is a string of command line options that are passed to the Tuxedo servers when they are booted ENVFILE String Optional You may use this to set more environment variables for a server during its initialization SRVGRP String Required The logical name related to a server group in the GROUPS section SRVID number Required This unique number is used to classify a server within a group RQADDR String Optional This is the name of the request queue for the server RQPERM number Optional The numeric representation of permissions for the request queue by default it is 0666 REPLYQ Y N Optional This is to say if we can have a reply queue for the process or not MAXGEN number Opt
182. used for multinode MP mode configurations which are responsible for inter node communications in networked applications TMS This is the transaction manager server dedicated to a particular resource when distributed transaction processing is employed Master machine node In a multiple machine configuration clustered the Tuxedo domain that holds the uBBcoNF1G file is called the master machine All the administering tasks such as starting stopping and monitoring can be done from this server in a Tuxedo domain Tuxedo server processes These are the executable programs that offer named services through the Tuxedo system They are normally customer developed programs One server program executable may contain one or more service functions in it Tuxedo client processes These are executable programs that call services through the Tuxedo system They are usually customer developed programs Workstation Listener WSL This is the Tuxedo server process that works as a listener for the WS client workstation As a handshaking process this server listens to the WS clients and assigns connections to a WS Handler another Tuxedo provided server accordingly for the rest of the correspondence with the WS client until it disconnects from a Tuxedo instance The WSL manages the pool of WS Handler processes and the demands by starting and stopping them in response to the load Workstation Handler WSH This is another process provided b
183. ut FIFO priority order and time based order More than one client or server can access the same queue In Chapter 3 Development of Tuxedo Various APIs I have discussed the Tuxedo queue in more detail I am avoiding repetition so please refer to the Queues Tuxedo Q section of that chapter There are three primary tasks for a Tuxedo administrator to carry out They are configuring maintaining and monitoring the Tuxedo queue Configuration of resources for Q There are three servers TMS TMQUEUE and TMQFORWARD provided by the Tuxedo system that need to be configured in the SERVER section of the UBBCONFTG file Also there must be a server group defined for each queue space as per the application usage or design The TMSNAME and OPENINFO parameters need to be set accordingly please see the following example in the UBBCONF1IG file GROUPS TMQUEUE G1 GRPNO 1 TMSNAME TMS QM OPENINFO TUXEDO QM dev deviceONE QueueSpacel SERVERS TMQUEUE SRVGRP TMQUEUE G1 SRVID 1550 RESTART Y GRACE 0 CLOPT s CUSTOMER TMQUEUE In this example the s flag of the CLOPT parameter is used to name the queue space served by a given instance of the server Creation of queue space and queues To use a queue we need to create the queue devices queue space and queues in that order qmadmin is the tool provided by the Tuxedo system to do this for us S J We mentioned that the environment variable for the queue Q is QMC
184. vironment variables FLDTBLDIR32 and FIELDTBLS32 are set accordingly You may set these two environment variables already if you are using an existing environment Also you need to set XSDDIR and XSDFILES accordingly to access all the XML schema s under one directory The SALTDEPLOY file is an XML type file and is used for SALT deployments This is to define SALT s GWWS server deployment data which is based on each Tuxedo environment machine It takes care of three basic tasks e Lists all the necessary Web Service Definition files WSDF e Defines the number of Gwws servers that are deployed on a Tuxedo machine e Associates endpoint access for each inbound or outbound web service The following is an example of the SALTDEPLOY file format lt Deployment xmlns gt lt WSDF gt lt Import location gt Zero or more entry lt WSDF gt lt WSGateway gt lt GWInstance id gt Zero or more entry lt Inbound gt Zero or one entry lt Binding ref gt Zero or more entry lt Endpoint use gt One or more entry lt Binding gt lt Inbound gt lt Outbound gt Zero or more entry lt Binding ref gt Zero or more entry lt WSAddressing gt Zero or one entry lt Endpoint use gt Zero or more entry lt Outbound gt lt TLogDevice gt Zero or more entry lt TLogName gt Zero or more entry lt WSATEndPoint gt Zero or more entry lt MaxTran gt Zero or more entry lt Properties gt Zero or
185. without affecting the applications running on the same Tuxedo environment e Communicates with heterogeneous databases using various resource managers within a single application for transactional integrity e Integrity of the code and data for a server are centrally maintained making it is easy to maintain and protect data integrity This supports the horizontal and vertical scalability of applications Horizontal scaling is adding or removing of hardware with only a small performance effect Vertical scaling is moving to a bigger and faster server or adding servers e Supports service requests prioritization load balancing data dependent routing and queuing e The clients and servers are loosely coupled processes that can exchange service requests and replies using messages 10 www it ebooks info Chapter 1 Master Node Z DBBL BBL TMS Server 1 Service A Service B BB Servers Services Dmapm Gwapm cwrpomain X TSAM Client Application Code ATMI WS Client Tuxedo Native Client Weblogic Domain Jolt Client fax Slave Node Admin console JSH BBL Server 2 Service C Server 3 TMS Service d Service f TMQUEUE TMQFORWARD TSAM Client TLOG Application Code ATMI ULOG SE Other Tuxedo SALT Applic
186. y Tuxedo that works in conjunction with WSL This gateway process handles communications between WS clients and the Tuxedo server application This WSH handles multiple WS clients within the same Tuxedo domain A WSH works like a multiplexer to accommodate all the requests and replies with a particular WS client over a single connection Jolt Listener Handler JSL JSH These are Tuxedo listening and gateway processes for Java based workstation clients they are similar to WSL WSH in terms of functionality TMQUEUE This message queuing manager is a Tuxedo system supplied server that enqueues and dequeues messages on behalf of programs TMQFORWARD This message forwarding server is a Tuxedo system supplied server that forwards messages from a queue to other servers 12 www it ebooks info Chapter 1 DMADM This is one of the three servers provided by Tuxedo for using the Tuxedo domain configuration This is an administrative server that provides a registration service for gateway groups The DMADM server works with other domain gateway admin servers GWADM during the initialization process it registers the configuration information that is mandatory for the requesting gateway group The DMADM server preserves all the names of registered gateway groups and it also proliferates changes to these groups as they are made in the domain configuration file BDMCONFIG We will discuss domain configuration in Chapter 3 Development of

Getting Started with Oracle Tuxedo

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents