X-Array Install™ - Xi LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEM - Electro
Contents
1. Eargle Handbook of Sound System Design ELAR Publishing Co Commack NY 1989 G Davis amp R Jones Sound Reinforcement Handbook Hal Leonard Publishing Corp Milwaukee WI 1989 L L Beranek Acoustics American Institute of Physics Inc New York NY 1986 H F Olson Acoustical Engineering Profes sional Audio Journals Inc Philadelphia PA 1991 L E Kinsler A R Frey A B Coppens amp J V Sanders Fundamentals of Acoustics John Wiley amp Sons New York NY 1980 D B Keele Electro Voice Inc What s So Sacred About Exponential Horns presented at the 51St Convention of the AES May 1975 preprint 1038 2 P F Fidlin amp D E Carlson Electro Voice Inc Comparative Performance of Directional De vices Used as Concert Sound Loudspeaker Array Elements Journal of the AES April 1990 B 2 Mechanical References A brief list of references covering the topics of rigging and engineering mechanics is presented below 1 W E Rossnagel L R Higgins amp J A MacDonald Handbook of Rigging for Con struction and Industrial Operations McGraw Hill Book Company New York NY USA 1988 A Jensen amp H Chenoweth Applied Engi neering Mechanics McGraw Hill Book Co New York NY 1983 J O Glerum Stage Rigging Handbook South ern Illinois University Press Carbondale IL USA 1987 P Carter Backstage Handbook Broadway Press New York NY USA 1988 Wi2. Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual Ill ASSOCIATED RIGGING HARDWARE FOR FLYING XI LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS 3 1 Grids and Associated Rigging Hardware The GS 1B LS 1B LS 2B LS 3B RS 1B and RS 2B rigging accessories described throughout this manual for use with the flying Xi loudspeaker systems are available from Sound Manufacturing Inc See Appendix A for details Electro Voice does not manufacture grids or any of the other associated hardware required for sus pending Xi loudspeaker arrays overhead In the case of both permanent installation and touring sound applications it is generally most efficient and cost effective to design a support system specific to the application taking into account the loudspeaker array requirements In some permanent installa tions it may even be possible in some circum stances to eliminate the grid and secure the loudspeakers directly to the building structural sup ports The sound system designer is instructed to evaluate each individual circumstance and design a support system tailored to the specific application To aid rigging designers the user is directed to two companies that manufacture and sell generalized and semi custom rigging hardware and accessories for flying loudspeaker systems ATM Fly Ware and Sound Manufacturing Inc See Appendix A for details on how to contact these companies Attention All associated non Electro Voice rigging hardware used for sus
3. strength Replace any loudspeaker systems that are damaged or missing hardware Never exceed the limitations or maximum recom mended load for the Xi systems 5 1 2 Rigging Strap Assemblies Prior to each use inspect the webbing for cuts abrasion tears knots chemical damage burns and broken stitches which could reduce rigging strap assembly strength Inspect the rigging fittings and hooks for any cracks burrs deformation missing or damaged components which could reduce strap assembly strength Replace any rigging strap as semblies that have damaged webbing or damaged or missing hardware Always double check that each fitting on each of the rigging strap assemblies is securely locked into position in the track on the X Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual Xi enclosures and that the safety locking pin is engaged before lifting 5 2 Associated Hardware 5 2 1 Grid Assembly Prior to each use inspect the grid assembly and associated hardware for any cracks deformations broken welds corrosion missing or damaged compo nents which could reduce the grid assembly strength Replace any damaged grid assemblies Never ex ceed the limitations or maximum recommended load intended for grid assembly design 5 2 2 Chain Hoists Prior to each use inspect the chain hoist and associated hardware including motor if applicable for any cracks deformation broken welds corro sion missing or damaged components whic
4. the enclosure com bined with the specified quick release rigging hardware This rating varies as a function of the angle of pull 2 The working load limit rating for the overall enclosure which is a function of the combined forces from multiple rigging points simultaneously acting on the enclosure as a whole This rating is independent of the rigging pull angles WHEN SUSPENDING ANY Xi LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEM OVERHEAD THE WORKING LOAD LIMIT MUST NEVER BE EXCEEDED FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL RIGGING POINT AND THE WORK ING LOAD LIMIT MUST NEVER BE EXCEEDED FOR THE OVERALL ENCLOSURE The user must be aware of both of the above working load limit ratings at all times An Xi loud speaker system is only as strong as its weakest link In most applications it is usually the case that one of the working load limits will be approached sooner than the other For example if only two rigging points are employed the weakest link will always be the individual rigging points and the working load limit for the individual rigging points will always be the dominant factor If however four rigging points are used the weakest link may be either the overall enclosure or the individual rigging points depending on the angles of pull on the rigging points The individual rigging points on each Xi loudspeaker system have two working load limit ratings one when used with a double stud ring fitting as used on the GS 1B LS 1B LS 2B LS 3B and RS 1B rigging acce
5. 0 LB 437 LB 375 LB m SINGLE 113KG 113 KG 113 KG 750 LB STUD 25018 2501B 250 LB NEVER EXCEED THE RIGGING POINT OR ENCLOSURE WORKING LOAD LIMITS SHOWN READ THE X ARRAY INSTALL LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS FLYING MANUAL BEFORE USING USE ELECTRO VOICE L TRACK RIGGING ACCESSORIES OR NEW HAVEN NH 32102 2 OR NH8192 28 FITTINGS OR ANCRA 42546 10 FITTINGS ALL NON ELECTRO VOICE RIGGING HARDWARE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF OTHERS Figure 4 1a Xi 1191 Xi 1183 Xi 1153 Xi 2183 and Xi 2153 AN WARNING 45 45 OVERALL ENCLOSURE WORKING LOAD LIMIT 9 0 lt 4 454 KG 1 000 LB as 454 KG 1 000 LB DOUBLE SINGLE FITING 0 45 90 DOUBLE 227 198 KG 170KG STUD 500 LB 4371B 375 LB L 454 KG SINGLE 113KG 113KG 113 KG 1 000 LB STUD 25018 2501B 250 LB NEVER EXCEED THE RIGGING POINT OR ENCLOSURE WORKING LOAD LIMITS SHOWN READ THE X ARRAY INSTALL LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS FLYING MANUAL BEFORE USING USE ELECTRO VOICE L TRACK RIGGING ACCESSORIES OR NEW HAVEN NH 32102 2 OR NH8192 28 FITTINGS OR ANCRA 42546 10 FITTINGS ALL NON ELECTRO VOICE RIGGING HARDWARE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF OTHERS X Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual in the rigging straps that are greater than the sus pended weight These incre
6. 2 1a illustrating the integral components that make up a typical Xi loudspeaker array where the enclosures are oriented with the rigging hardware on the top and bottom of the enclosures A similar two cabinet system is shown in Figure 2 1b where the enclosures are oriented with the rigging hardware on the sides of the enclosures The top cabinets are the starting points for constructing the arrays in both examples These cabinets are first secured to a grid through the use of two grid straps per cabinet The GS 1B grid straps are recommended The Xi enclo sures are equipped with two pieces of track which have multiple positions where the grid straps may be attached The linear positioning of the attachment points along the track front to back determines the vertical angling of the enclosure The remaining ends of the grid straps are then secured to cross members of a grid The relative positioning of the straps along the cross members of the grid front to back determine the relative horizontal splay angle between two adjacent columns of enclosures A second row of enclosures may be added below the original two by utilizing linking straps that attach from the lower track pieces of the top enclosures to the upper track pieces of the bottom enclosures LS 1B LS 2B and LS 3B linking straps each a different length are recommended Additional cabinets may be hung in succession in this fashion as long as the load on any of the enclosure
7. 4 12 5 1 2 Rigging Strap in aiiai eioun i oarnp eapi aai iaaa ga nennen nennen 12 5 2 Associated Hardware neninn E eee res vive Pe o EEEE Eaa A Ea a 13 5 2 1 Grid Assembly tette tet ere rte E a 13 52 2 Chain FlolSts iode ote e ee rte sedi ate ede weld e eee e Roe tet 13 5 2 3 Building Struct ral Supports oa ie e t e aet a P DERE ka aE 13 5 2 4 Mechanical Components erui ex e p RERO I E RERO o e Eie SED qi Exi enge 13 Appendices Xi Rigging Accessories E 14 ER BEEE E E i A A MEE E 14 Bil Acoustical HefereriCes DR eS aAa 14 B 2 Mechanical References l e ea n r a a A 14 WARNING This manual details general rigging practices ap propriate to the sound industry as they would apply to the rigging of Electro Voice X Array Install Xi loudspeaker systems It is intended to familiarize the reader with standard rigging hardware and tech niques for suspending those loudspeaker systems overhead Only persons with the knowledge of proper hardware and safe rigging techniques should at tempt to suspend any sound systems overhead Prior to suspending any Electro Voice Xi loudspeaker systems overhead it is essential that the user be familiar with the strength ratings rigging techniques and special safety considerations outlined in this manual The rigging techniques and practices rec ommended in this m
8. B LS 2B LS 3B RS 1B and RS 2B rigging accessories are based on an 8 1 minimum safety factor Where local regula tions require safety factors greater than 8 1 Electro Voice insists that the user must meet the required safety factor Where local regulations permit safety factors less than 8 1 Electro Voice still insists that the working load limit of the Xi enclosures rigging hardware and the GS 1B LS 1B LS 2B LS 3B RS 1B and RS 2B rigging accessories never be exceeded 4 2 Special Safety Considerations for Xi Loudspeaker Arrays The techniques discussed in Chapter Il for con structing arrays may be expanded upon to create different arrays utilizing different combinations of Xi loudspeaker systems as long as a sufficient safety factor is maintained The user is reminded that the top cabinet in an array supports the weight of all the cabinets hung beneath it and that the weight distribution between the rigging points will depend on the exact configuration For example the center of gravity of the Xi 1152 loudspeaker system is not perfectly centered but rather shifted slightly towards the high frequency side of the box As a result when an Xi 1152 is hung sideways i e with the cabinet oriented so the rigging track is on the sides the load on the rigging strap on the high frequency side of the Xi 1152 system would be slightly higher than the load on the horn compres sion driver side On the other hand the load would be dis
9. Electro Voice THE X ARRAY INSTALL SYSTEM X Array Install Xi LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEM FLYING MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION 1 1 The Flying Xi Loudspeaker Systems esses enne nennen nennen 3 Il BASIC XI RIGGING PRIMER 2 1 Anatomy of an Xi Flying System 4 3 2 2 TheRigging eno UI 3 2 9 Ihe Xr Elying Goncept entere TR Or LEG ands e RR ro EE 7 2 3 T Acoustical Considerations REC RE CR ER RA ROSE ROB GRE ADM Eo Xo 7 2 3 2 Practical Considerations 7 Ill ASSOCIATED RIGGING HARDWARE FOR FLYING XI LOUDSPEAKER SYSTEMS 3 1 Grids and Associated Hardware pp 9 IV Rigging Strength Ratings Safety Factors and Special Safety Considerations 4 1 Strength Ratings and Safety Factors 4 9 4 2 Special Safety Considerations for Xi Loudspeaker Arrays pp 10 4 3 Special Safety Considerations for Rigging Strap Assemblies ppp 12 4 3 1 Redundant Attachment Points 4 12 4 3 2 Special Considerations for Polyester Webbing pp 12 4 4 Special Safety Considerations for Grid amp Building Structural Supports 12 V RIGGING INSPECTION MAINTENANCE AND PRECAUTIONS 5 1 XI System Components dut det rete dence ute dee 12 5 1 1 Xi Loudspeaker Systems
10. anual are of necessity in general terms to accommodate the many variations in loudspeaker arrays and rigging configurations As such the user is expressly responsible for the safety of all specific Xi loudspeaker array designs and rigging configurations as implemented in practice All of the general rigging material contained in this manual is based on the best available engineering information concerning materials and practices as commonly recognized in the United States and is believed to be accurate at the time of the original printing As such the information may not be directly applicable in other countries Furthermore the regula tions and requirements governing rigging hardware and practices may be superseded by local regula tions It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that any Electro Voice loudspeaker system is suspended overhead in accordance with all current federal state and local regulations All specific material concerning the strength ratings rigging techniques and safety considerations for the Xi loudspeaker systems is based on the best avail able engineering information concerning the use and limitations of the products Electro Voice continually engages in testing and research and development of its loudspeaker products As a result the specifications are subject to change without notice It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that any Electro Voice loudspeaker system is suspended overhead in acc
11. ased forces are in turn transmitted to the rigging track and enclosure and must be taken into account when evaluating the load on the mechanical components and the safety factor of an array The greater the angle difference from the 0 vertical the greater is the increase in force above what it would be if the straps were at 0 Readers unfamiliar with the process of calculating the increased load as a function of lifting angles should consult the list of references in Appendix B 2 which cover the topics of rigging and engineering mechanics The user is reminded that the top cabinet of an array supports the weight of all of the cabinets hung beneath it This generally results in the worst case forces occurring at the top rigging attachment point of the top cabinets including the top rigging straps However if the rigging straps throughout the array are at unusual and or extreme angles the worst case forces in an array may occur somewhere other than the top rigging attachment point of the top cabinets Attention Array details and rigging configurations will affect the load on the loudspeaker systems the rigging straps and all associated rigging hardware The useris responsible for determining the loads on all of the mechanical components throughout the loudspeaker array and for ensuring that the work ing load limits and resulting safety factors are not exceeded A qualified structural engineer should be consulted to evaluate the
12. design 4 3 Special Safety Considerations for Rigging Strap Assemblies 4 3 1 Redundant Attachment Points As added safety measure itis suggested that the user install a second set of grid straps from the top rigging points of the top cabinets in an array back to the grid or building structural supports These redundant safely straps can be secured to an open section of rigging track next to the primary grid straps The safety straps should have as little slack as possible less than one inch is preferable 4 3 2 Special Considerations for Polyester Webbing The GS 1B LS 1B and LS 2B utilize polyester webbing in their construction The user is cautioned however that in certain permanent installation ap plications the polyester material may not meet local fire regulations The user is also cautioned that polyester material will deteriorate with extended exposure to ultraviolet light direct sunlight or to hot dry environments resulting in reduced strength capability In such instances wire rope or chain assemblies must be substituted 4 4 Special Safety Considerations for Grid amp Building Structural Supports When suspending loudspeaker arrays from grids or building supports the associated rigging hardware employed i e rigging straps slings chains wire rope assemblies chains etc may not hang at a 0 vertical angle These vertical angle differences will result in forces i e tension loads in that riggin
13. dual cabinets are controlled by the rigging attach ment positions The shape of the array curve is determined by the position on the lower track of an already hanging cabinet from which the next cabinet is hung the further back the attachment point is on the upper box the further back the lower cabinet is shifted and hence the greater the curvature of the array The goal is to have the back top and bottom edges to adjacent cabinets in alignment Hanging one cabinet from another affects the angle of the first This is best demonstrated in an example In Figure 2 6a one Xi enclosure is hung so thatit points straight ahead and a second is added below The addition of the second enclosure causes the top cabinet to point upward Shifting the upper attach ment point of the first cabinet back as shown in Figure 2 6b counteracts the additional load and results in the upper cabinet pointing straight ahead again Note that this change has no affect on the angle of the lower cabinet Additional Xi enclosures may be hung in succession in this fashion creating atall vertical line array as long as the working load limit of all of the mechanical components are not exceeded and a sufficient safety factor is main tained throughout the array With the Xi loudspeaker systems oriented with the rigging track on the top and bottom of the cabinets a short rigging strap is used between the cabinets to minimize the spacing between the systems Typi call
14. e 4 1b All associated mechanical components used with an Xi flying system shackles chains hoists wire rope slings nylon and or polyester slings etc should be load rated for overhead lifting All load rated hard ware will typically have its load rating displayed on each piece in a visible location Typical ratings are denoted as the static working load SWL or the working load limit WLL These ratings generally assume a safety factor of 5 1 however the user should consult the hardware manufacturer to con firm the rating Occasionally the load rating is given as the ultimate break strength This requires the user to calculate the safety factor directly for a given load The actual safety factor for a given load is defined as the ratio of the ultimate break strength rating of a mechanical component to the actual load applied to that component Electro Voice suggests that the user maintain an overall safety factor of at least 8 1 when implement ing an Xi flying system In other words the ultimate break strength of each of the mechanical components in the system should be at least eight times greater than the actual force applied to those components This includes the Xi enclosures the rigging strap assemblies the grid the hoist and all other mechani cal components and hardware The working load limits discussed throughout this manual for the strength of the Electro Voice Xi enclosures rigging hardware and the GS 1B LS 1
15. emblies the RS 1B double stud swivel ring fit ting assembly and the RS 2B single stud swivel ring fitting assembly are available from Sound Manufacturing Inc See Appendix A for details These assemblies shown in Figure 2 3 have been specifically designed for optimal implementation of the Electro Voice L track flying systems The GS 1B includes a double stud swivel ring fitting on one end for attachment to the enclosure and a safety hook on the other end The safety hook may be attached to 5 8 inch shackles or may be secured directly to the grid through a 7 8 inch diameter hole in the grid bar stock material The LS 1B LS 2B and LS 3B have double stud swivel ring fillings on both ends for linking two Xi enclosures together The GS 1B LS 1B and LS 2B rigging straps utilize polyester webbing strap material Polyester webbing was cho sen for its tremendous strength and because of its dynamic flexing capabilities The force from any sudden jolt or shift in the load is absorbed by the strap rather than transmitted directly to the loudspeaker enclosure In addition polyester webbing is a flexible material that is easy to handle The user is cau tioned however that in certain permanent installa tion applications the polyester material may not meet local fire regulations The user is also cau tioned that polyester material will deteriorate with extended exposure to ultraviolet light direct sun light or to hot dry environments re
16. endix A Xi Rigging Accessories GS 1B LS 1B LS 2B LS 3B RS 1B and RS 2B Xi Rigging Accessories These rigging accesso ries described throughout this manual are available from Sound Manufacturing Inc 3336 Primera Ave Hollywood CA 90068 USA 213 850 5042 New Haven NH32102 2 and NH8192 2S Fittings The New Haven NH32102 2 swivel ring double stud fitting and NH8192 2S swivel ring single stud fitting recommended for attachment to the Xi rigging track are available for the user to make custom rigging attachment hardware Sound Manufactur ing Inc 3336 Primera Ave Hollywood CA 90068 USA 213 850 5042 Custom Rigging Strap Assemblies Custom wire rope or webbing rigging strap assemblies that use the New Haven NH32102 2 and NH8192 2S fittings may be ordered Sound Manufacturing Inc 3336 Primera Ave Hollywood CA 90068 USA 213 850 5042 General Rigging Supplies A wide variety of stan dard and specialty rigging hardware components for both touring and permanent installation applications is available Sound Manufacturing Inc 3336 Primera Ave Hollywood CA 90068 USA 213 850 5042 or ATM Fly ware 2100 S Wilmington Ave Carson CA 90810 USA 310 834 5914 Appendix B B 1 Acoustical References A brief list of references covering the topics of acous tics and sound system design is presented below 1 D Davis amp C Davis Sound System Engineer ing Howard Sams amp Co Indianapolis IN 1987 J
17. g hardware that are greater than the weight sus pended below These increased forces must be taken into account when evaluating the load on the mechanical components and the safety factor of an array The greater the angle difference from the 0 vertical the greater is the increase in force above what it would be if the straps were at 0 Any users unfamiliar with the process of calculating the in creased load as a function of lifting angles should consult the list of references in Appendix B 2 which cover the topics of rigging and engineering mechanics Attention Array details and rigging configurations will affect the load on the building structure the grids the loudspeaker systems the rigging straps and all associated rigging hardware The user is responsible for determining the loads on all of the mechanical components throughoutthe loudspeaker array and for ensuring that the working load limits and resulting safety factors are not exceeded A qualified structural engineer should be consulted to evaluate the design V RIGGING INSPECTION MAINTENANCE AND PRECAUTION 5 1 Xi System Components 5 1 1 Xi Loudspeaker Systems Prior to each use inspect the loudspeaker enclo sures for any cracks deformations missing or dam aged components which could reduce enclosure strength Inspect the track and bracket assemblies on the enclosures for any cracks deformations missing or loose screws which could reduce the flying hardware
18. h could reduce the hoist strength Replace any damaged chain hoists Never exceed the limitations or maxi mum recommended load specified by the hoist manufacturer Always raise and lowerthe load slowly and evenly avoiding any rapid changes in speed or shifting loads that could result in a sudden jolt to the suspended system 5 2 3 Building Structural Supports Prior to each use the strength and load bearing capabilities ofthe building structural supports should be evaluated and certified by a professional engi neer as being adequate for supporting the intended rigging system including the loudspeakers grids chain hoists and all associated hardware Prior to each use inspect the building structural supports for any cracks deformation broken welds corrosion missing or damaged components which could reduce the structural strength Damaged building structural supports should be replaced or repaired an recertified by a professional engineer 5 2 4 Mechanical Components Prior to each use inspect all mechanical compo nents chain wire ropes slings shackles hooks fittings etc for any cracks deformation broken welds slipping crimps fraying abrasion knots corrosion chemical damage loose screws missing or damaged components which would reduce the maximum strength specified by the component manufacturer Replace any damaged mechanical components X Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual APPENDICES App
19. he full range Xi systems have trapezoidal enclosures enabling high density point source arrays The horns in many of the full range Xi systems are rotatable allowing the cabi nets to be oriented for optimal physical installation and the coverage pattern to be oriented for optimal acoustic performance Many of the Xi systems have the same dimensions facilitating ease of rigging and a consistent cosmetic appearance With grilles in place the Xi subwoofer systems are indistin guishable from the large Xi full range systems allowing the option of either flying the subwoofers or stacking them on the floor or even a combination of the two while still preserving the uniform appear ance of both the ground stack and the flown array When designing an Xi loudspeaker array three primary acoustic goals should be kept in mind First the array should be designed so that the acoustic energy is directed at the audience and away from reflecting surfaces outside the listening area This maximizes the intelligibility and clarity throughout the listening area Second the array should be designed to achieve even coverage throughout the audience This ensures consistent levels and sound quality throughoutthe listening area Third the array should be designed to achieve the required sound pressure levels throughout the audience This also maximizes the intelligibility and clarity throughout the listening area The key to achieving these three goals i
20. ing Attachment Points Every Front amp Rear Rigging Locations Shown for Double Stud Fittings Single Stud Fitting Locations 1 0 Inches Along Track Shifted Linearly 0 5 Inches Xi 2153 64 9 0 Xi 2183 64 9 0 Xi 1153 64 9 0 Xi 1183 64 9 0 Xi 2123 94 Xi 1123 94 Xi 1152 64 29 875 16 281 15 255 17 733 9 750 15 0 15 406 7 878 2 544 9 544 Xi 1152 94 29 875 16 281 15 255 17 733 9 750 15 0 15 406 7 878 2 544 9 544 Xi 1122 85 23 000 14 000 13 269 14 748 7 844 15 0 12 438 7 788 2 544 8 544 System Di m A Height Di m B Total Depth Di m Side Depth Di m D Front Width Di m E Rear Width Dim F Side Angle Dim 8 From Bottom Dim H From Back Di m Rear Point Dim J Front Point Enclosure Center of Gravity Rigging Track X Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual Figure 2 3 The Xi L Track Rigging Accessories with the feet located on either side i e with the stud 2 LAB feet positioned directly under the teeth of the track Release the outer locking ring The round protrusion cp lt on the bottom of the fitting should lock into the round cutout in the track with the locking ring retracting to GB 1B Linking Strap with Double Stud Fitting its normal pos
21. ing point is 250 pounds at any pull angle The working load limit rating of the overall enclosure is 1 000 pounds Electro Voice insists that the user must never apply a load to any Xiflying loudspeaker system that exceeds the work ing load limit rating of either the individual rigging point or the overall enclosure The strength ratings ofthe flying Xi 1191 Xi 1183 Xi 1153 Xi 2183 and Xi 2153 loudspeaker systems are summarized in Figure 4 1a Specifically the flying Xi 1122 Xi 1152 Xi 1123 and Xi 2123 loudspeaker systems have the follow ing strength ratings When used with double stud fittings as used on the GS 1B LS 1B LS 2B LS 3B and RS 1B rigging accessories or as used with the New Haven NH32102 2 fittings the working load limit rating of each individual rigging point is 500 pounds at any pull angle When used with single stud fittings as used on the RS 2B rigging acces sory or as used with the New Haven NH81 92 28 or Ancra 42546 10 fittings the working load limit rat ing of each individual rigging point is 250 pounds at any pull angle The working load limit rating of the overall enclosure is 750 pounds Electro Voice insists that the user must never apply a load to any Xi flying loudspeaker system that exceeds the working load limit rating of either the individual rig ging point or the overall enclosure The strength ratings of the flying Xi 1122 Xi 1152 Xi 1123 and Xi 2123 loudspeaker systems are summarized in Figur
22. ition allowing the safety locking pin to reappear and extend over the locking ring If the fitting does not lock into the track nudge it along the f 10 2 259 mm track and wiggle as necessary until it settles into position If the outer locking ring does not fully retract push the ring towards the track until the LB 1B Linking Strap with Double Stud Fitting safety pin reappears and extends over the locking ring When locked the fitting will be immovable in 14 2 361 mm the track and the locking ring of the fitting may not be lifted To remove the fitting reverse the procedure ib ALWAYS CHECK TO MAKE SURE THAT THE FITTING IS SECURELY LOCKED INTO THE LB 2B Linking Strap with Double Stud Fitting TRACK AND THAT THE SAFETY PIN IS EX TENDED OVER THE LOCKING RING BEFORE LIFTING ANY LOUDSPEAKER ENCLOSURE OVERHEAD LS 3B Linking Strap with Double Stud Fitting Figure 2 4 The Double and Single Stud Ring Fittings Figure 2 4a Double Stud Fitting TOR 70 mm RB 1B Swivel Ring Fitting with Double Stud Fitting a NN H 2 4 61 mm LOCKING RS 2B Swivel Ring Fitting with Single Stud Fitting LOCKING i PIN RING dE cid The user is cautioned that the structural strength Bus ratings of the single stud fittings are approximately one half that of the double stud fittings These lower ratings however are completely sufficien
23. ntil the rear corners of the adjacent cabinets are in alignment A number of examples are presented in the following section that demon strate both the mechanical and acoustical aspects of an array design with the Xi loudspeaker systems 2 3 2 Practical Considerations The vertical angle of the flying Xi loudspeaker sys tem may be adjusted by choosing different positions of attachment along the rigging track on the cabinet There are a number of attachment points allowing for a wide variety of angles Although the center of gravity is slightly different for each of the systems the balancing concept is the same The further the top attachment point is towards the back of the cabinet the greater the downward angle as shown in Figure 2 5 As the attachment point is moved forward the cabinet will have less downward angle and at the furthest point forward will have an upward tilt This principle holds true when hanging any of the Xi systems in either rigging orientation rigging track on the top and bottom or on the sides X Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual Figure 2 5 Balancing the Xi Loudspeaker Systems Figure 2 5a Rigging Hardware on the Top and Bottom of the Enclosures Figure 2 5b Rigging Hardware on the Sides of the Enclosures 6600009000969500 Vertical arrays are constructed by hanging Xi sys tems from one another in succession Both the curvature of the array and the angles of the indi vi
24. om of the fitting is fully exposed Insertthe round foot of the stud into a round cutout in the track and slide the fitting to the desired position Center the main body of the fitting over one of the track teeth i e with the stud foot positioned directly under one tooth of the track Release the fitting body The body of the fitting should lock into the round cutouts in the track with the fitting body retracting to its normal position allowing the hole for the safety locking pin to reap pear If the fitting does not lock into the track nudge it along the track and wiggle as necessary until it settles into position If the fitting body does not fully retract push the body towards the track until the hole for the safety pin reappears Install the safety locking pin into the hole in the shaft When locked the fitting will be immovable in the track and the body of the fitting may not be lifted To remove the fitting reverse the procedure ALWAYS CHECK TO MAKE SURE THAT THE FITTING IS SECURELY LOCKED INTO THE TRACK AND THAT THE SAFETY PIN IS INSTALLED BEFORE LIFTING ANY LOUDSPEAKER ENCLOSURE OVERHEAD 2 3 The Xi Flying Concept 2 3 1 Acoustical Considerations The Xi systems lend themselves to easy array construction All of the Xi loudspeaker systems use the same L track rigging hardware on the enclo sures and may be oriented with the rigging track either on the top and bottom of the cabinets or on the sides of the cabinets All of t
25. ordance with the strength ratings rigging techniques and safety considerations given in this applications manual and any manual update notices All associated non Electro Voice rigging hardware used for suspending any X Array Install Xi loudspeaker systems over head is expressly the responsibility of others X Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 The Flying Xi Loudspeaker Systems The flying versions of the X Array Install loud speaker systems all incorporate a unique two point flying system that consists of two lengths of heavy duty L track aircraft type rigging hardware on the top and bottom of each enclosure The design allows arrays to be assembled very quickly and offers such flexibility in the vertical angling of the cabinets that pull up points are usually unneces sary Furthermore the cabinets may be oriented with the rigging track on the top and bottom of the enclosure or on the sides of the enclosure For fire safety and additional structural strength in both flying orientations top to bottom and side to side metal straps link the rigging track assemblies inside the enclosure In addition a line of flying hardware accessories is available for use with the Xi loud speaker systems from Sound Manufacturing Inc See Appendix A for available rigging accessories Il BASIC XI RIGGING PRIMER 2 1 Anatomy of an Xi Flying System A basic two cabinet flying system is shown in Figure
26. pending any X Array Install Xi loudspeaker systems overhead is expressly the responsibility of others IV STRENGTH RATINGS SAFETY FACTORS AND SPECIAL SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 4 1 Strength Ratings and Safety Factors Electro Voice provides strength ratings for the Xi loudspeaker systems in terms of the working load limit rating based on an 8 1 minimum safety factor The working load limit rating is defined as the maximum allowable force that may be applied to the mechanical component The rated safety factor is defined as the ratio of the ultimate break strength rating to the working load limit rating The ultimate break strength rating represents the force applied to a mechanical component at which the component will structurally fail As such the force that would result in a structural failure in the Xi loudspeaker system will be at least eight times greater than the specified working load limit ratings The safety fac tor provides a margin of error to accommodate normal dynamic shock loading wear and tear on the hardware components etc THE USER MUST NEVER APPLY ALOADTOANXiLOUDSPEAKER SYSTEM THAT EXCEEDS THE WORKING LOAD LIMIT RATINGS There are two independent strength ratings that together give a complete description of the overall structural performance capabilities of any Xi loud speaker system 1 The working load limit rating for each indi vidual rigging point which is a function of the rigging track mounted on
27. re Rope Technical Board Wire Hope Users Manual American Iron and Steel Insti tute Stevensville MD USA 1985 ATM Fly Ware ATM Fly Ware Catalog of Rigging Hardware and Supplies ATM Group Inc Carson CA 1996 Broderick amp Bascom Rope Company Rigger s Handbook Sedalia MO USA 1993 MacWhite Wire Rope Company Catalog of Tables Data and Helpful Information Kenosha WI USA 1991 Acco Chain amp Lifting Division Chain Sling User s Manual Acco Corporation York PA USA 1992 Newberry W G Handbook for Riggers Newberry Investments Company Calgary Alberta Canada 1989 10 X Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual ElectroVoice 600 Cecil Street Buchanan MI 49107 800 234 6831 616 695 6831 616 695 1304 Fax MANUAL X Array Install 1 Camunications Inc 1998 Litho in U S A Part Number 534993RevA 9825
28. s or rigging straps does not exceed their working load limit rating The loud speaker array grid assembly is then raised into posi tion by a motorized chain hoist or hoists of sufficient load rating Note that the weight of such an array can be quite substantial and the building structural sup ports to which the hoists are attached must be capable of supporting such a load with a sufficient safety factor In permanent installations the chain hoists are often eliminated with the grid assembly being secured directly to the building structure The reader is referred to Chapters IV and V of this manual for a detailed discussion of the structural strength ratings of the Xi loudspeakers and L track rigging accessories and information on how to safely sus pend Xi loudspeaker systems overhead 2 2 The Rigging Hardware The Xi flying system utilizes the highest tech air craft type hardware available for securing heavy loads Four pieces of heavy duty aircraft type L Track rigging hardware specially machined ex trusions of very high strength aluminum alloy ma terial are mounted in each enclosure The track pieces are secured to high strength aluminum alloy brackets that are an integral part of the Xi flying enclosure Enclosure dimensions and rigging track locations are shown in Figure 2 2 for all of the Xi loudspeaker systems For attachment to the track the GS 1B grid strap assembly the LS 1B LS 2B and LS 3B linking strap ass
29. s to select the Xi loudspeaker system with appropriate coverage patterns and acoustic output capabilities orient the enclosures and coverage patterns for optimal array performance and accu rately aim the systems in the array The reader is referred to Appendix B 1 for a list of references covering the topics of acoustics and loudspeaker array design Because sound coming from numerous loudspeak ers should arrive at any seat at the same time the speakers in an array should be curved as if mounted on the outside of an imaginary sphere The loud speakers should be close spaced to minimize lobing and maximize coupling and each speaker must be accurately aimed The apparent source then be comes the single point at the center of the sphere The horizontal array curve is simply achieved by hanging the cabinets closely spaced aimed out ward at diverging angles Achieving the vertical array curve is a bit more complex to obtain The Xi loudspeaker systems utilize a unique two point suspension system shown in Figure 2 1 that can achieve all of the design criteria for a true point source array To tilt an Xi loudspeaker system downward the rigging straps at the top of that cabinet are shifted along the rigging track towards the rear of the enclosure To align the top rear corner of an Xi cabinet with the bottom rear corner of an Xi cabinet above it the rigging straps at the bottom of the upper cabinet are shifted along the rigging track u
30. ssories or with the New Haven NH32102 2 fitting and one when used with a single stud fitting as used on the RS 2B rigging accessory or with the New Haven NH8192 2S or Ancra 42546 10 fillings Two working load limit ratings are required because the double stud and single stud fittings have differ ent strength ratings In addition those strength ratings will vary with the angle of pull relative to the surface on which the rigging track is mounted There is only one working load limit rating for the overall enclosure of each Xi loudspeaker system and that rating is independent of the angles of pull Specifically the flying Xi 1191 Xi 1183 Xi 1153 Xi 2183 and Xi 2153 loudspeaker systems have the following strength ratings When used with double stud fillings as used on the GS 1B LS 1B LS 2B LS 3B and RS 1B rigging accessories or as used with the New Haven NH32102 2 fittings the work ing load limit rating of each individual rigging point is 500 pounds at a pull angle of 0 i e perpendicu lar to the surface on which the track is mounted 437 pounds at a pull angle of 45 and 375 pounds at a X Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual pull angle of 90 i e parallel to the surface on which the track is mounted When used with single stud fittings as used on the RS 2B rigging acces sory or as used with the New Haven NH81 92 28 or Ancra 42546 10 fittings the working load limit rat ing of each individual rigg
31. sulting in re duced strength capability In such instances wire rope or chain assemblies must be substituted The RS 1B double stud fitting and the RS 2B single stud fitting both attach to the Xi enclosure rigging track and have swivel rings that are suitable for attachment to various standard rigging hardware The user may X Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual use the RS 1B and RS 2B to construct wire rope or chain rigging assemblies In addition the Xi enclo sure rigging track will also accept the New Haven Figure 2 1 Typical Xi Flying System Figure 2 1a Rigging Hardware on the Top and Bottom of the Enclosures HOIST MOTOR Y WIRE ROPE SLING 5 8 SHACKLE ES GRID GS1B LS 3B NH32102 2 double stud swivel ring fillings and the New Haven NH8192 2S or Ancra 42546 10 single stud swivel ring fillings Figure 2 1b Rigging Hardware on the Sides of the Enclosures V HOIST MOTOR Yo fo ES N ae WIRE ROPE SLING 5 8 SHACKLE X Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual Figure 2 2 Xi Dimensions Weight Rigging Location and Center of Gravity 1 896 Xi 1191 D A 9 0 Notes o o E o o Oo 5 o on a E c c 9 5 21 az lt lt lt Rigg
32. t for sus pending lighter loads overhead for example when flying one or two of the smaller lighter Xi loud speaker systems in permanent installations mak ing the single stud fittings attractive lower cost Figure 2 4b Single Stud Fitting alternatives to the double stud fittings The reader is referred to Chapters IV and V of this manual for a detailed discussion of the structural strength ratings of the Xi loudspeakers and L track rigging accesso ries and information on how to safely suspend Xi loudspeaker systems overhead To attach the double stud swivel ring fittings as shown in Figure 2 4a to the enclosure rigging track push in the spring loaded safety locking pin and lift the outer locking ring over the pin Continue to lift the locking ring until the two studs on the bottom of the fitting are fully exposed Insert the two round feet of the studs into the round cutouts in the track and rar M slide the fitting to the desired position Center the 2441 _ FITTING main body ofthe fitting over one ofthe track cutouts BODY STUD FOOT FITTING BODY STUD FEET LOCKING PIN X Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual To attach the single stud swivel ring fittings as shown in Figure 2 4b to the enclosure rigging track remove the safety locking pin and lift the fitting body over the hole for the locking pin Continue to lift the fitting body until the stud on the bott
33. tributed equally betweenthe two rigging straps atthe top of a column of Xi 1152 systems hung with the enclosures oriented with the rigging track on the top and bottom The weight distribution of any Xi array can be calculated with the information pre sented in Figure 2 2 Readers unfamiliar with the process of calculating load distributions should con sult the list of references in Appendix B 2 which coverthe topics of rigging and engineering mechan ics When arrays are constructed with columns of Xi systems oriented with the rigging tracks on the top and bottom of the enclosures the rigging straps between the enclosures will not hang straight down with a 0 vertical angle if the center to center spac ing of the rigging attachment positions are different from the bottom of one cabinet to the top of the cabinet immediately beneath it The rigging straps will deviate from a O vertical angle when trapezoidal cabinets are employed or cabinets of differing size are mixed in the same column These vertical angle differences will result in forces i e tension loads X Array Install Loudspeaker Systems Flying Manual Figure 4 1 Working Load Limit Strength Rating of the Xi Loudspeaker System Figure 4 1b Xi 1122 Xi 1152 Xi 1123 and Xi 2123 WARNING OVERALL ENCLOSURE WORKING LOAD LIMIT 340 KG 750 LB a 340 KG 750 LB DOUBLE SINGLE FITTING 0 45 90 DOUBLE 227KG 198 KG 170KG STUD 50
34. y the LS 3B is used for this task If however Xi enclosures having different dimensions are hung Figure 2 6 Interaction Between Flown Cabinets Figure 2 6a Adding a Bottom Cabinet Affects the Top Cabinet 5 EN gt Figure 2 6b After Readjusting the Top Cabinet 5 from one another an Xi 1122 suspended beneath an Xi 1191 for example a longer strap would be required to accommodate the different distances In width between the rigging tracks In this instance the LS 1 B could be employed Another option would be to use two RS 1B double stud swivel ring fittings linked with athreaded chain connector or acarabiner snap hook The RS 2B single stud ring fittings could be used in lighter weight applications With the Xi loudspeaker systems oriented with the rigging track on the sides at the cabinets a longer rigging strap is required between the cabinets to minimize the spacing between the systems Typi cally the LS 1B is used for this task If however Xi enclosures having different dimensions are hung from one another an Xi 1122 suspended beneath an Xi 1191 for example a longer strap would be required to accommodate the different distances in width between the rigging tracks In this instance the LS 2B could be employed Another option would be to use two RS 1B double stud ring fittings linked with a wire rope assembly The RS 2B single stud ring fittings could be used in lighter weight applica tions X
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