overspeed monitoring system - Jomo Kenyatta University of
Contents
1. 6 1 2Budget ITEM COST GPS receiver 6 200 GPS antenna 1 500 Arduino mega 3 760 SIM 900 9 500 TOTAL 20 960 6 2References 1 www ecse rpi edu Homepages wrf Research Short Notes pnpoly www arduinoforum com www java forum tutorials SIM900 AT Command Manual V1 03 EB 365 user manual V1_2010719 gprs shield sld33149p manual gx Be DR 592. Allow Eb 365 to power up delay 2000 voidsetupSpeedZones jkuat avenue speedZones 0 amp SpeedZone 40 speedZones 0 gt setVertices 4 Vertex 4 Vertex 1 10007761 37 01458699 Vertex 1 09518616 37 01458699 Vertex 1 09518616 37 01486594 Vertex 1 10012052 37 01490885 44 main gate speedZones 1 amp SpeedZone 15 speedZones 1 gt setVertices 8 Vertex 8 Vertex 1 10228734 37 01444751 Vertex 1 10152573 37 01392180 Vertex 1 10104302 37 01395399 Vertex 1 10009906 37 01459772 Vertex 1 10012052 37 01490885 Vertex 1 10113957 37 01425439 Vertex 1 10143992 37 01425439 Vertex 1 10206208 37 01472646 jkuat exit road speedZones 2 amp SpeedZone 50 speedZones 2 gt setVertices 4 Vertex 4 Vertex 1 10553757 37 01688296 Vertex 1 10230879 37 01446897 Vertex 1 10208353 37 01473719 Vertex 1 10529086 37 01714045 science street NSC bypass 45 speedZones 3 amp SpeedZone 30 speedZones 3 gt setVertices 6 Vertex 6 Vertex 1 09829695 37 01456553 Vertex 1 09845785 37 01325661 Vertex 1 09623739 37 01308495 Vertex 1 09621594 37 01335317 Vertex 1 09818968 37 01351410 Vertex 1 09812532 37 01456553 hospital ave speedZones 4 amp SpeedZone 20 speedZones 4 gt setVertices 4 Vertex 4 Vertex 1 09619448 37 01160437 Vertex 1 09600140 37 01161510 Vertex 1 09603358 37
3. Complex IKUAT Werns Hideo Unique Endrand Google Q MAPS 26 POWERED BY le she amp MAPS 27 Kenyatta 2 versity of Gachororo Jlture and gt P hen e hnology enyatta JKUAT Dam lemy 3 4 uarters 3 Y o gt sam ws res ao D rd tal St c gt Der g 3 Sig a 2 A 2 gt j A Marshy ared o Juja e Muchatha Google amp MAPS Figure 12 Mapping of the polygons 3 52 Arduino program cycle When the GPS receiver tracks a satellite it receives the longitude latitude and speed from the satellite The program algorithm uses the latitude and longitude to identify which polygon the vehicle is in and hence the speed limit of the particular polygon The microcontroller Extracts and outputs the speed limit assigned to the particular polygon and displays it on the LCD display If the speed received exceeds the speed limit a warning message is displayed on the LCD screen Messages are also sent as described later 28 Arduino receives data Program uses lat lon to identify the location polygon from the GPS receiver Program prints the speed limit on the LCD display Program prints the current speed received from GPS on the LCD Program compares the speed with speed limit Program prints a warning on LCD if speed gt limit Program sends an SMS to a server and Fi 13 Ardui le us Eee NER driver using the GSM module Arduino Programmi
4. Serial print lon Serial print speed Serial printIn gps f speed kmph Icd clear Icd print LIMIT Icd print getSpeedLimit DEC Icd setCursor 0 1 Icd print SPEED Icd print gps f speed kmph 2 32 3 5 3 LCD Display The LCD is interfaced to the microcontroller with four data pins register enable ground and read write pin The LCD displays the speed limit of the particular area and the current speed from the GPS receiver If the speed is exceeded the LCD will display a warning message PINOUT TYPE B Figure 14 LCD Arduino mega interfacing The LCD library was imported and LCD pins to be interfaced were initialized Icdbegin is used to set up the LCD number of rows and columns setcursor is used to set the cursor on the preferred row and column 33 Hinclude lt LiquidCrystal h gt this includes the LCD library LiquidCrystallcd 12 11 5 4 3 2 initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins void setup set up the LCD s number of columns and rows Icd begin 16 2 Print a message to the LCD Icd print searching GPS void loop set the cursor to column 0 line 1 note line 1 is the second row since counting begins with 0 Icd setCursor 0 1 Icd print speed limit prints the speed limit of the area 3 5 4 SIM 900 When the speed limit is exceeded the Arduino SIM 900 automatically sends an SMS to a police
5. Vertex 1 06276230 37 05404598 if debugMode printSpeedZones This is the point in polygon algorithm adapted from 48 http www ecse rpi edu Homepages wrf Research Short_Notes pnpoly html booleaninSpeedZone intspeedZone float lat float Ing SpeedZone s speedZones speedZone int i j boolean inside false for i 0 j s gt nVertices 1 i lt s gt nVertices j i if s gt vertices i lat gt lat s gt vertices j lat gt lat amp amp Ing lt s vertices jIng s gt vertices i Ing lat s gt verticeslat s gt vertices j lat s gt vertices i lat s vertices i Ing inside linside return inside booleaninSpeedZone intspeedZone floatlat Ing unsigned long fix_age retrieves lat long in 100 000ths of a degree gps f_get_position amp lat amp lng amp fix_age returninSpeedZone speedZone lat Ing void loop 49 boolnewdata false unsigned long start millis Every second we print an update while millis start lt 1000 IX if feedgps newdata true In if newdata gpsdump gps speeding isSpeeding if speeding sendtexts 50 staticboolfeedgps while Serial available if gps encode Serial read return true return false intgetSpeedLimit booleanisInSpeedZone for int i 0 i lt
6. 01455480 Vertex 1 09623739 37 01454407 Thikard1 speedZones 5 amp SpeedZone 60 speedZones 5 gt setVertices 8 Vertex 8 Vertex 1 10645301 37 01634485 Vertex 1 10595958 37 01598007 46 Vertex 1 10184047 37 02031452 Vertex 1 09733519 37 02522832 Vertex 1 09527563 37 02825386 Vertex 1 09561889 37 02868301 Vertex 1 09823625 37 02557165 Vertex 1 10402875 37 01913435 Thikard2 speedZones 6 amp SpeedZone 65 speedZones 6 gt setVertices 6 Vertex 6 Vertex 1 09538290 37 02829677 Vertex 1 08853914 37 03593570 Vertex 1 08879659 37 03627903 Vertex 1 09210047 37 03318912 Vertex 1 09403131 37 03063566 Vertex 1 09557598 37 02861864 Thikard3 speedZones 7 amp SpeedZone 70 speedZones 7 gt setVertices 7 Vertex 7 Vertex 1 08878586 37 03638631 Vertex 1 08835679 37 03591425 Vertex 1 07853093 37 04393941 Vertex 1 06827596 37 05011922 47 Vertex 1 06870504 37 05093462 Vertex 1 07896001 37 04466898 Vertex 1 08569651 37 03908998 Thikard1 speedZones 8 amp SpeedZone 67 speedZones 8 gt setVertices 9 Vertex 9 Vertex 1 06868359 37 05104190 Vertex 1 06825451 37 05018360 Vertex 1 06220449 37 05348808 Vertex 1 05152039 37 05730754 Vertex 1 04341074 37 06082660 Vertex 1 04409728 37 06185657 Vertex 1 04607105 37 06031162 Vertex 1 05177784 37 05773670
7. 55MPH 10 How GPS Tracker Works GPS Satellites gad Wireless Network pe P oii E a gt ok 2 e tae i LE UE Pu TR APS ON Fan Tres lue Tue Tram VG ent De ENE ULTRA GPRS PC Tracking System Figure 4 GPS system 2 5GSM Network The GSM system was designed as a second generation 2G cellular phone technology One of the basic aims was to provide a system that would enable greater capacity to be achieved than the previous first generation analogue systems GSM achieved this by using a digital TDMA time division multiple access approach Speech or voice calls are the primary function for the GSM cellular system In addition to the voice services GSM cellular technology supports a variety of other data services like data and short text messages One service that has grown enormously is the short message service Developed as part of the GSM specification it has also been incorporated into other cellular technologies It can be thought of as being similar to the paging service but is far more comprehensive allowing bi directional messaging store and forward delivery and it also allows alphanumeric messages of a reasonable length This service has become particularly popular as it provided a simple low fixed cost 11 The base transceiver stations BTS are organized into small groups controlled by a base station controller BSC which is typically co located with one of the BTSs The BSC wi
8. Information System out printin Manufacturer gateway getManufacturer System out printin Model gateway getModel System out printin Serial No gateway getSerialNo System out printin SIM IMSI gateway getlmsi System out printin Signal Level gateway getSignalLevel dBm System out printin Battery Level gateway getBatteryLevel System out printin Send a message synchronously OutboundMessagemsg new OutboundMessage 254729169305 pay fine of ksh Service getInstance sendMessage msg System out println msg System out println Now Sleeping Hit enter to terminate System in read Service getInstance stopService 56 public class OutboundNotification implements lOutboundMessageNotification public void process AGateway gateway OutboundMessagemsg System out printIn Outbound handler called from Gateway gateway getGatewayld System out printIn msg public static void main String args SendMessage app new SendMessage try app dolt catch Exception e e printStackTrace 57 6 1 1Time frame TASK AUGUST SEPTEMBER Research OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER Literature review Mini presentation 58 Hardware assembly and software design Final documentation
9. NSPEEDZONES i islInSpeedZone inSpeedZone i if isinSpeedZone returnspeedZonesli gt speedLimit return DEFAULT SPEED LIMIT booleanisSpeeding I 51 int speed int gps f speed kmph 0 5 intspeedLimit getSpeedLimit if speed gt speedLimit Icd print Slow down delay 2000 give the driver time to slow down if speed gt speedLimit failure to slow down msg is sent return true return false booleansendtexts Serial1 print AT CMGS 254729169305 r Start accepting the text for the message to be sent to the number specified Replace this number with the target mobile number delay 1000 Serial1 print KBC 238C r The text for the message delay 1000 Serial1 print 26 BYTE Equivalent to sending Ctrl Z 52 voidprintSpeedZones for int i 0 i lt NSPEEDZONES i SpeedZone s speedZonesli Serial printin s gt speedLimit for int v 0 v lt s gt nVertices v I Serial print Serial print s gt vertices v lat Serial print Serial print s gt vertices v Ing Serial println static void gpsdump TinyGPS amp gps longlat lon unsigned long fix_age time date speed course retrieves lat long in 100000ths of a degree gps get_position amp lat amp lon amp fix_age 53 Serial printIn getSpeedLimit Serial print lat Serial print lat Serial p
10. SMS that his vehicle is over speeding and also the amount they have to pay for the offence 3 1 2 Advantages of the system gt Itis an automatic 24hr system unlike the radar and LIDAR devices which must be hand held The system updates a database that can be reviewed in future our system informs the driver of the offence and fine instantly unlike the speed camera VON tickets that take time to be sent Its cheaper and easier to implement than the speed cameras Yv Vv The system will help curb corruption as there will be less police bribery incident 3 1 3 Disadvantages of the system gt It can be sabotaged like the speed governors gt In areas of poor network coverage the information might take time to be relayed The SMS sent notifies the owner of the vehicle and not necessarily the driver 15 3 4 Hardware Implementation 3 4 1 Arduino GPS receiver EB365 Figure 7 GPS receiver EB365 Arduino GPS shield is a GPS module bread out board designed for Global Positioning System receiver with SD interface The GPS system comprises of a fleet of satellites that orbit the earth in a geo synchronous manner In order to determine a location on the earth s surface at least three satellites are required to accurately triangulate the exact position based on the latitude longitude imaginary lines The Arduino GPS shield will track to a satellite to give us the speed of the vehicle and the speed limit of the particular area
11. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD Figure 9 LCD display 16x2 LCD PIN ASSIGNMENTS Ground OV Supply voltage 5V 4 7V 5 3V Contrast adjustment through a variable resistor Selects command register when low and data register when high Register Select Low to write to the register High to read from the register Read write Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given 8 bit data pins 20 Backlight Vcc 5V Backlight Ground OV 3 4 3 1 Advantages of using the 6 segment LCD display 1 It s more economical than 7 segment displays 2 It s easily programmable 3 4 4 GSM Interface SIM900 The Arduino GSM shield SIM900 was used as our GSM interface SIM 900 was used to send short message text to the server and the driver The GPRS GSM Shield provides you a way to use the GSM cell phone network to receive data from a remote location The shield allows you to achieve this via any of the three methods e Short Message Service Audio e GPRS The GPRS GSM Shield is compatible with all boards which have the same form factor and pin out as a standard Arduino Board The GPRS GSM Shield is configured and controlled via its UART using simple AT commands The GSM Shield is like a cell phone without the Human Machine Interface 21 Figure 10 SIM 900 FEATURES 1 Quad Band 850 900 1800 1900 MHz would work on GSM networks in all countries across the worl
12. They operate at 5 volts Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull up resistor disconnected by default of 20 50 kOhms In addition some pins have specialized functions 1 Serial O RX and 1 TX Serial 1 19 RX and 18 TX Serial 2 17 RX and 16 TX Serial 3 15 2 RX and 14 TX Used to receive RX and transmit TX TTL transistor transistor logic serial data Pins 0 and 1 are also connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB to TTL Serial chip 3 External Interrupts 2 interrupt 0 3 interrupt 1 18 interrupt 5 19 interrupt 4 20 interrupt 3 and 21 interrupt 2 These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value a rising or falling edge or a change in value See the attach Interrupt function for details 4 PWM Oto 13 Provide 8 bit PWM output with the analog Write function 5 SPI 50 MISO 51 MOSI 52 SCK 53 SS These pins support SPI serial peripheral interface communication using the SPI library 18 6 LED 13 There is a built in LED connected to digital pin 13 When the pin is HIGH value the LED is on when the pin is LOW it s off The Mega2560 has 16 analog inputs each of which provide 10 bits of resolution i e 1024 different values By default they measure from ground to 5 volts though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and analog Reference function Communication The Arduin
13. engine as shown in the diagram below Rotating Shaft Horizontal Movement of Yveights Rotating vveights Collar Vertical Movement of Collar Linkto Fuel Rack Lever Drive from Engine Simplified diagram of diesel engine governor Figure 3 Speed governor Operation The governor consists of a rotating shaft which is driven by the diesel engine A pair of flyweights is linked to the shaft and they rotate as it rotates The centrifugal force caused by the rotation causes the weights to be thrown outwards as the speed of the shaft rises If the speed falls the weights move inwards The flyweights are linked to a collar fitted around the shaft by a pair of arms As the weights move out so the collar rises on the shaft If the weights move inwards the collar moves down the shaft The movement of the collar is used to operate the fuel rack lever controlling the amount of fuel supplied to the engine by the injectors Advantages gt It directly limits vehicle over speed by cutting the fuel into the engine gt It doesn t require human operation and monitoring like radar and LIDAR Disadvantages Requires a government law to enforce vehicles to fit speed governors gt They are prone to malfunction and interference 2 4 GPS system Gps stands for global system positioning It was first developed by the United States department of defense for military purposes such as target location espionage and intelligen
14. reads all the messages in the SIM card and displays them It also waits to receive any incoming message The message received inbound message should then be converted to an array so that it can be split for easier manipulation in the database public static void main String args ReadMessages app new ReadMessages try app dolt catch Exception e This is the main part of any java program which is responsible for execution of the written instructions catch Expeption e will catch all the errors while e printStackTrace will show where the errors are OutboundMessagemsg new OutboundMessage 254727348186 pay fine ksh10 000 for overspeeding Service getInstance sendMessage msg System out printIn msg In the sending application this instruction above sends the message to the driver of the vehicle Service in java an operation offered as an interface that stands alone in the model instance defines the behaviors of objects and getInstance in this case will call on the sendmessage instruction to send the message that is pay fine ksh10 000 for over speeding 37 4 0 RESULTS In the testing of the system the components were connected as follows The LCD first displays searching GPS as GPS shield receives data from the satellites Then it prints out the speed limit of the area and the current speed of the vehicle The speed limit of the area is shown as 55
15. FEATURES 1 Active antenna design with high receives sensitivity compatible normal antenna 2 Extremely fast time to first fix at low signal level 3 UART universal asynchronous receive transmit interface 4 5V 3 3V compatible operation voltage level 16 3 4 1 1 Advantages of using the GPS system gt It s a convenient system gt it sa global system gt it gives you more parameters speed location and time gt It can also be used for tracking the vehicle incase it s stolen 3 4 1 2 Disadvantages of the GPS system gt Indicated speed can fluctuate more than with traditional speedometers and can be slower to respond to changes in speed gt GPS can lose track if there is poor reception from GPS satellites under trees in tunnels in canyons including urban canyons between tall buildings 3 4 2 Microcontroller Arduino mega The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560 datasheet It has 54 digital input output pins of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs 16 analog inputs 4 UARTs hardware serial ports a 16 MHz crystal oscillator a USB connection a power jack an ICSP header and a reset button ATMEGA Aor I m X SERIAL VARTS rec 32 MORE DIGITAL 10 PINS Figure 8 Arduino Mega 17 Power The Arduino Mega can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply The power source is selected automatically External non USB power
16. I a number that uniquely identifies the cell Location Area A group of cells form a Location Area This is the area that is paged when a subscriber gets an incoming call Each Location Area is assigned a Location Area Identity LAI Each Location Area is served by one or more BSCs MSC VLR Service Area The area covered by one MSC is called the MSC VLR service area PLMN The area covered by one network operator is called PLMN A PLMN can contain one or more MSCs 13 CHAPTER 3 3 0 METHODOLOGY 3 1 A brief description of the over speed monitoring system Our system incorporates the use of GPS system and GSM technology to build a system that monitors over speeding vehicles 3 1 1Block diagram of the over speed monitoring system PM NS se EX L JU 1 e Ve oy AOF we GPS RECEIVER LCD DISPLAY DATABASE MICROCONTROLLER 14 Figure 6 Block diagram of the over speed monitoring system OPERATION The system employs a GPS receiver that obtains the speed of the vehicle a microcontroller that compares the speed with the set speed limit and an LCD display that shows the speed limit and the current speed If the speed of the vehicle exceeds the speedlimit the LCD displays a warning message andif the vehicle continues to over speed through the use of a GSM shield a An SMS is sent to a police database that the vehicle has exceeded the speed limit b The owner of the vehicle will be alerted also through an
17. JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY PROJECT TITLE OVERSPEED MONITORING SYSTEM PROJECT MEMBERS JOEL MIGWI EN271 0330 2007 KARIUKI S KAIRU EN271 0317 2007 SUPERVISOR MR BAARIU Presented on 4 Dec 2012 A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECRONICS ENGINEERING DECLARATION We do hereby declare that this project has never been presented or published anywhere or in any institution of learning Therefore it is our own original work Signed Datecs Joel Migwi Signed Date Kariuki S Kairu CERTIFICATION This is to certify that the above named student has so far carried out the project work detailed in this report under my supervision Mr Baariu Project supervisor Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering JKUAT DEDICATION To those from whom we have learned with Family Teachers and Colleagues ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to acknowledge the following the almighty God for bringing us this far our supervisor Mr Baariuwho has been guiding us our lecturers classmates and friends ABSTRACT This project will entail a GPSspeed sensing mechanism which automatically updates a database with the details of an over speeding vehicle using the GSM system Once the details are updated the driver is charged for over speeding A GPS module is connected toa microcontroller which d
18. O to 5 the power header and ICSP header are all in equivalent locations Further the main UART serial port is located on the same pins 0 and 1 as are external interrupts 0 and 1 pins 2 and 3 respectively 3 4 2 1 Advantages of using the Arduino Mega gt Arduino simplifies the amount of hardware and software development needed to get the system running The Arduino hardware platform already has the power and reset circuitry setup gt It already has circuitry to program and communicate with the microcontroller over the USB port 19 gt The I O pins are typically already fed out to sockets for easy access gt Arduino provides a number of libraries to make programming easier 3 4 3 LCD Display LCD Liquid Crystal Display screen is an electronic display module A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits These modules are preferred oversevensegmentsand other multi segment LEDs The reasons being A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix This LCD has two registers namely Command and Data The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it clearing its screen setting the cursor position controlling display etc The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD
19. can come either from an AC to DC adapter wall wart or battery The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2 1mm center positive plug into the board s power jack Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts If supplied with less than 7V however the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts The power pins are as follows 1 VIN The input voltage to the Arduino board when it s using an external power source as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source You can supply voltage through this pin or if supplying voltage via the power jack access it through this pin 2 5V The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components on the board This can come either from VIN via an on board regulator or be supplied by USB or another regulated 5V supply 3 3V3 A3 3 volt supply generated by the on board regulator Maximum current draw is 50 mA 4 GND Ground pins Memory The ATmega2560 has 256 KB of flash memory for storing code of which 8 KB is used for the boot loader 8 KB of SRAM and 4 KB of EEPROM which can be read and written with the EEPROM library Input and Output Each of the 54 digital pins on the Mega can be used as an input or output using pinModef digitalWrite and digitalRead functions
20. ce collection It was later sanctioned for use by common civilians for free The Gps system comprises of a fleet of satellites that orbit the earth in a geo synchronous manner In order to determine a location on the earth s surface at least three satellites are required to accurately triangulate the exact position based on the latitude longitude imaginary lines In addition to giving the location of a gps receiver on the earth s surface GPS gives other parameters such as altitude speed course number of satellites communicating and so on It is for these additional features that we adopted GPS to work alongside GSM in our project Using GPS a device is able to calculate a lot of information about a moving object Using even basic time and location data a GPS unit can quickly calculate the relative speed of the object based on how much distance it covered in a given time GPS devices are positional speedometers based on how far the device has moved since the last measurement The algorithm also uses the Doppler shift in the pseudo range signals from the satellites The speed reading is normalized and is not an instant speed Speeds are updated at short intervals to maintain accuracy at all times It uses frequent calculations to determine the vehicle s speed For example using a standard movement per time calculation if you have covered 80 feet in one second the GPS device works out and converts that to MPH which in this case is
21. ceeding the limit Most over speed detection methods such as radar speed cameras and ticketing system have been found not to be totally effective in curtailing over speeding on our roads Our project will provide a continuous and reliable 24 hour over speed monitoring system Our project will also show the driver his current speed and the speed limit of the road This will make the drivers be more careful which will in turn reduce road accidents and improve life expectancy Other benefits include reduction of highway bribery incidents by traffic police as well as less expense since the service will not be costly 1 3 Objectives 1 3 1 General objectives gt To curb over speeding on Kenyan roads gt To automate speed checking alert and fine imposition gt To reduce highway bribery 1 3 2 Specific objectives gt To obtain speed parameters using the GPS system gt To interface the GPS receiver with a microcontroller gt To develop a program that extracts the speed from satellites and compares it with a critical speed gt To interface the microcontroller with an LCD to alert the driver of their current speed the speed limit and a warning if they are over speeding gt To send text messages to the driver and a database using the GSM network gt To keep a database of vehicles that over speed CHAPTER 2 2 0 LITERATURE REVIEW There are many methods used by authorities all over the world to monitor motor vehicle speeds
22. cesssssssececeeeceeseesaeseceesccesesaeaeeeeeceseeseaaeseeeescesseseaaeeeeeeseessesnaees 5 2 2 1 Lidarspeed gun ek 5 2 22 Radar speed gun sonis diee nennen perc a peine denne 7 2 3 Speed GOVERN aja 8 PALENCIA 9 2 5 GSM Network cc een De breene 11 3 0 METHODOLOGY seere arie 14 3 1 A brief description of the over speed monitoring system 14 3 1 1 Block diagram of the over speed monitoring system 14 3 1 2 Advantages of the system 15 3 1 3 Disadvantages ofthe system rasieren Era ER e cea Rao DRE dun 15 3 4 Hardware Implementation xc ae ai 16 vii 3 4 1 Arduino GPS receiver EB365 munnnrrnrnnnnnnannnvnrrnnnnnnnnennnrnrrnnnnnnenennnrrnnnnnnnnenennnvrnnnnnnsnennnrnvnnnnnnneneee 16 3 4 2 Microcontroller Arduino mega sise 17 3 4 3 LED Dias 20 3 4 4 GSM Interface SIM900 rrrnrrrrnnnnrvrrnnnnrvrrnnnarvernnnarvrrnnnnrvernnnavsrsnnnnrsrsnnnarnesnnnnvsssnnnnrsesnnnnvsssnnnnns 21 3 5 Software design ann san A A A EEE iS 23 3 5 T GPS system ecce t ete rete tee HIER DER erre AE 23 3 5 2 Arduino program CYCIE ccccccccccesssssssceeececesseseneeseeeeeceseesesaeseeeeeceseeseaseseeeessesensaaaeseeseseseseenaaeess 28 A an aar Rear E 34 3 54 SIM 900 O NE 34 Di 36 4 0 RESULTS sine rn AA ADA AAA ane VER e RP en PN et te 38 5 0 CHALLENGES RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION enne nnne nentes 41 SA Ghallenges re eene enean In tese ecciesie 41 5 2 Recommendations ct
23. d 2 Control via AT commands Standard Commands GSM 07 07 amp 07 05 Enhanced Commands e SIMCOM AT Commands 3 SIM Card holder and GSM Antenna present onboard 4 Low power consumption 1 5mA sleep mode 5 The factory default setting for the GPRS Shield UART is 19200 bps The GSM Shield comes with all the accessories that we would need to get started with sending data over the GSM network First we install the SIM card in the GSM Shield Connect the antenna to the GSM Shield Install the GSM Shield over the Arduino mega being a shield design for arduinos it plugs in fairly easily The GSM TX amp GSM RX jumpers on the GSM Shield are mounted in SW Serial position that is GSM TX is connected to D7 RX and GPRS RX to D8 TX The Arduino is then connected to the computer using a USB cable The ATmega328P microcontroller on board mega has only one UART which is used for communicating with the PC What we need is an Arduino Sketch a set of instructions written for Arduino boards for a specific task running inside the ATmega328P that would emulate a second serial port UART using software on the digital pins D8 and D7 and patch through all the communication between 22 this second software serial port and the actual hardware serial port By doing this all the data coming from the computer connected to the actual hardware UART would be relayed as is to the GPRS Shield connected to software UART and we would be able to issue AT comma
24. database The message sent contains the registration number of the vehicle the name of the owner and their phone number The GSM Shield can send SMSs in two modes Text mode and PDU or binary mode Since we wanted to send out a human readable message we selected the text mode i e AT CMGF 1 34 AT CMGS 254727348186 This will instruct the GPRS Shield to start accepting text for a new message meant for the phone number specified replace the number with the phone number of the target phone Serial1 is used because GPS shield uses serial0 both shield cannot share the same serial General SMS Commands AT CMGF Set SMS Text Mode or SMS PDU Mode AT CMGD Delete a Received Message AT CMGL List Received Messages AT CMGS Send SMS Message AT CMGL List Received Messages void setup Serial begin 19200 Default serial port setting for the GPRS modem is 19200bps 8 N 1 Serial print1 r delay 1000 Wait for a second while the modem sends an OK Serial print AT CMGF 1 r Because we want to send the SMS in text mode delay 1000 Serial print1 AT CSCA 254755500029 r Setting for the SMS Message center number delay 1000 uncomment only if required and replace with the message center number obtained from your GSM service provider Note that when specifying a string of characters is entered as Serial print1 AT CMGS V 918446043032V Vr Start accepting the text for the messa
25. e ea ca tei un Inn 41 5 3 COD CIUSIOT eoi A AN 41 6 0 APPENDIX AND REFERENGES nn nee nes dont vent eu ce uice ere veo eet oa 42 Gal AD Deni renne 42 6 1 1 Tire rame Em 58 AA O O UA 59 LR ET 59 viii TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1 simplified block diagram of how fixed camera work 3 Figure 2 simplified block diagram of how a Radar gun works 8 Figure 3 Speed BOVOTTIOF seite ret o hun so di de 9 Figure 4 GPS System seer 11 Figure 8 GSM architecture mesita pneu Fes at escas ee Ed ERR 12 Figure 10 Block diagram of the over speed monitoring system 15 Figure 5 GPS receiver EB365 acea edad olde ecu 16 Figure Arduino MBEg uite a daR Eaa aa EE eea Eae Ree ae eE E EEEE OEE ERNE EEES 17 Figure 7 LCD Gisplay ic 20 Figure IS IM OO iii A dei 22 Figure 11 block flow of the system enne nnne nennen nennen sinn serene ns 23 Figure 12 Mapping of the polygons iii 28 Figure 13 Arduino program CYCIC cccccssssssssccececsesesssansececessessnssansececessessaasaesececessessaseesececassenseasacsecteeess 29 Figure 14 LCD Arduino mega interfacing iii 33 Figure 15 speed results cccccccessssssscecececsesesssaececeeecesseeaaesececscessesaeaeseceessessesasaeeesessesesesaeaeeeeeeessesesaeaneeeeens 39 Figure 16 Database results ierit Hrn 40 LIST OF EQUATIONS EQUATION E J 6 QUATION Lea 7 CHAPTER 1 1 0 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Problem statement According to
26. eats a set of commands repetitively as assigned to it In this case void loop was used to call upon the speed reading printing and comparison with speed limit functions void loop boolnewdata false if feedgps newdata true if newdata gpsdump gps As can be seen above functions called gpsdump gps feedgps and speeding are called upon in loop function As will be explained later gpsdump and feedgps functions work hand in hand to obtain gps data while speeding function is used to compare the current speed with the speed limit After this the rest is simply functions declaration and Some of the functions we have include Void setupspeedzones Boolean isinspeedzone intgetspeedlimit booleanisspeeding and so on These functions have self explanatory names as can be seen for example the function is speeding Boolean isinspeedzone is useful for checking which polygon the vehicle is located and hence determine the speed limit Functions help a program to flow in an organized manner and prevent unnecessary events taking place when not desired When a function is called the program flow jumps to the specific function called and executes from there A function can return a value or not Other functions are used for determining true or false so that an appropriate action can be taken These functions are initialized as Boolean followed by the funct
27. etects when the critical speed is exceeded and triggers the sending of different text messages using GSM technology to a police database and the driver The text sent to the database contains the details of the car The text sent to the owner informs them that they have over sped and the fine they are supposed to pay It is innovative because it uses both GPS and GSM technology It also helps in the advancement of science and technology by diversifying the usage of GSM technology vi Table of Contents PROJECT TITLE OVERSPEED MONITORING SYSTEM inner i DECLARATION MEER ii CERTIFICATION ped iii DEDICATION xe Em iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT e ers spe nennen ee like v ABSTRACT A vi TABLE OF FIGURES suisse ekte nere ix LST OF EQUATIONS coincida ix 1 0 INTRODUCTION Em 10 1 1 Problemistatements ss ssh ERR 10 1 2 Justification sn 10 1 3 ODJectiVessc oe TO 2 1 3 1 General oDjectiV8s cette tetuer serie 2 1 3 2 SPECITIC OD CHIVES ape 2 2 0 LITERATURE REVIEWS nannte die 2 2 01 Speed CaM CLAS iaa 3 2 1 1 Fixed instantaneous speed cameras 3 3 2 1 2 Average speed cameras dsrscssi tennet iaar eean ioeie enese ases sessi Eea asas esses sanas EREE 4 2 2 Police operated equipment cccccccccc
28. fficient of the atmosphere R is range Ar is the receiving area and El is the volume extinction coefficient of the atmosphe cross section per unit volume Advantages gt It s more accurate than the radar speed gun gt It s cheaper to roll out than speed cameras Disadvantages Being mostly a handheld device requires police presence gt Lidar does not automatically alert the driver if he is over speeding gt User training and certification are required so that a radar operator can use the equipment effectively gt Onvery hot days with low humidity a visible mirage reflection of the target vehicle is created In many cases when the laser is aimed at the target vehicle the infrared beam also receives readings from both the target vehicle and the mirage causing a Sweep error 2 2 2 Radar speed gun A radar speed gun is a Doppler radar unit that may be hand held vehicle mounted or static It measures the speed of the objects at which it is pointed by detecting a change in frequency of the returned radar signal caused by the Doppler Effect whereby the frequency of the returned signal is increased in proportion to the object s speed of approach if the object is approaching and lowered if the object is receding Such devices are frequently used for speed limit enforcement From that difference the radar speed gun can calculate the speed of the object from which the waves have been bounced This speed is given by the f
29. ge to be sent to the number specified Replace this number with the target mobile number delay 1000 Serial print car details The text for the message delay 1000 Serial print 26 BYTE Equivalent to sending Ctrl Z void loop 35 3 5 5 Database The database receives the details of the over speeding vehicle and stores then for future reference The application was written in java programming language and it automatically receives the sent SMS from SIM900 stores the message in a database retrieves the phone number of the owner from the SMS and automatically sends another SMS containing the charges for over speeding to the owner The application was divided into three parts receiving the SMS retrieving and sending the SMS to s database and automatically sending a text message Initially we import a collection class that is used to hold a collection of object java util ArrayList Class defines type of instances while void means the method has no return value Themethod public void do it public means that the program do it can be accessed from anywhere and has no restrictions SerialModemGateway gateway new SerialModemGateway modem com4 COM8 9600 Huawei E173 this is used to set the modem settings msgList new ArrayList lt InboundMessage gt Service getInstance readMessages msgList MessageClasses ALL for InboundMessagemsg msgList System out printin msg This
30. ike speed limiters 2 2 Police operated equipment Police officers can use LIDAR speed guns or the older and less accurate radar speed guns to monitor vehicle speeds on road These may be handheld from temporary static sites or mounted on vehicles 2 2 1 Lidar speed gun LIDAR light detection and ranging speed guns use a more direct method that relies on the reflection time of light A laser speed gun shoots a very short burst of infrared laser light and then waits for it to reflect off the vehicle The gun counts the number of nanoseconds it takes for the round trip and by dividing by 2 it can calculate the distance to the car If the gun takes 1 000 samples per second it can compare the change in distance between samples and calculate the speed of the car The use of many reflections and an averaging technique in the speed measurement process increase the integrity of the speed reading Vehicles are usually equipped with a vertically oriented registration plate that when illuminated causes a high integrity reflection to be returned to the LIDAR despite the shape of the vehicle The basic LIDAR principles discussed can be expressed in the Single scattering LIDAR equation R Ct 2 P R P PODA R exp 2f o r dr 0 Equation 1 Where Pr is the instantaneous received power at time t Po is the transmitted power at time to c is the velocity of light A is the pulse duration A is the volume backscattering coe
31. imit of that particular polygon on aLCD screen If the driver exceeds the speed limit a message is sent to the owner of the vehicle as well as the server The JPEG images below are speed zones demarcations of the JKUAT area which is our area of interest They are made from Google maps with the help of a drawing tool called scribble maps tool A catch all polygon encloses all the polygons so that all areas especially residential are also included Below are the maps 24 Coogle OMAR 25 scc Computer Bidg jkuat sp dzones3 777 Bet x School of Human 5 Common speedzones Engineering E Lecture Bldg Resource Dept Bookshop 2 a Performance Workshop s Apsembly Contracting and Engineerin c Hall iH i Appraisal Bldg Workshops Engineering x Nyati Hostel Fundiima Generator Main Bldg Hall 4 Sacco Ltd Bidg i 2 Pavilion gt 2 Toilets a Ss S S Voll o PI ch olleyball Pit Institute of Tropical Hospital c Medicine and 1 Infectious Diseases Agriculture anf m e JKUAT u Library NSC Resting Studying Pa P x e Faculty Of ES Science c New Science Complex a JKUAT St Monica FOWERED EY SCRIBBL Google amp MA Quarters Sat masa 4 eun qe m WE D Teohnolegy i House Nooru we E Hostel JKUAT Securty Sennacton Path Caco Headquarte Nut Gri Hal five amp Sunrise Cafe Chemka som Hosle Joy Famiy Church gt Gakbie j Hostet Oryx Hostet New Soence
32. ined above The camera takes two photographs a normal and an infra red The infra red will see the registration mark when the vehicle is caked in dirt Also to collect the proof two photographs are taken in quick succession so that the distance travelled can be seen The quick succession is a known time Again speed can be calculated To determine the distance white square marks are usually painted in the gutter of the road and again on the crown of the road These are a known distance and the two photographs will show the distance travelled Disadvantages gt They have no mechanism of sending the captured images The authorities have to make periodic stops to collect the films gt Gatsos can very easily be stopped Burning them works as does filling them with expandable foam 2 1 1 2 Truvelo speed cameras These cameras also use the above principle of operation The Truvelo camera is usually a front facing camera taking pictures using digital cameras which use infra red to take a picture of a vehicle as it approaches which includes an image of the driver These cameras then transmit the image and speed to the authorities virtually instantly Advantage They have the advantage over the Gatso as they can transmit the image taken to a database instantly Disadvantages gt They are expensive to roll out and maintain They have no means of instantaneously notifying the driver they are over speeding Police send the drive
33. ion name For example the function Boolean is speeding in this program is used to compare the current speed the vehicle is moving at and the set speed limit If the speed limit is exceeded the function returns true while if it is not the function returns false If the returned value is true another function void sendtexts is called within the loop function This function is responsible for sending texts Below is a snippet of the speed comparison function Boolean isinspeedzone booleanisSpeeding int speed int gps f_speed_kmph 0 5 intspeedLimit getSpeedLimit if speed gt speedLimit Icd print Slow down delay 2000 give the driver time to slow down if speed gt speedLimit failure to slow down msg is sent return true In order to retrieve data from GPS the Tinygps library was used This is an open source library developed for using with Arduino microcontroller for GPS data acquisition To begin with we downloaded the library and incorporated it into the arduino software The function gpsdump gps is used to obtain the data as shown below static void gpsdump TinyGPS amp gps longlat lon unsigned long fix_age time date speed course retrieves lat long in 100000ths of a degree gps get_position amp lat amp lon amp fix_age Serial printIn getSpeedLimit Serial print lat Serial print lat Serial print Ing
34. kph and the current speed of the vehicle is zero 38 This shows the speed limit on the first row and the current speed of the vehicle on the second line The particular polygon has a speed limit of 50kph The current speed of the vehicle is 39 39kph si m3 Figure 15 speed results As we increased the speed up to 61kph which is above 50kph a text message is sent to a database and another received on the owners phone 39 Maso Home Create External Data Database Tools Fields Table Cut Ascending 1 bel ra 5 rm bz 7 4l r Y Selection New Totals A al Replace A y porn l Co Zo g Y Advanced S sae 47 Spelling gt GoTo Vie Paste Filter Refresh Find ze to Switch v aby r Y Format Painte T Bore rt Y Toggle Filter ape X Delete E More A el m NP AUD Y Views Clipboard Sort amp Filter Records Find Window Text Formatting Tables O ES BodyFormats E Charset E Messages o g E Directions TVs ToAddress Header EH Messages A 4400000001 Al lessons from teacher Mr Jones a 1354464508 12 02 2012 07 08 28 PM Failed to send E Metasettings 4400000002 All lessons from teacher Mr Jones 1354464509 12 02 2012 07 08 29 PM Failed to send me gt 254720723801 This is an ActiveXperts Test Message 1354464639 12 02 2012 07 10 39 PM New message cri PR 254727348186 KAH 456B 0729169305 1354465453 12 02 2012 07 24 13 PM Script My E
35. mera positions SPECS average speed cameras are fitted either at the roadside or in the central reservation as pictured below a set distance apart to create a speed controlled zone or where appropriate groups of cameras can be linked to create a speed controlled network As vehicles pass between the entry and exit camera points their number plates are digitally recorded whether speeding or not Then by ANPR recognition the images on the video of matching number plates are paired up and because each image carries a date and time stamp the computer can then work out your average speed between the cameras There is no film used for SPECS SPECS are commonly used to enforce speed limits on dual carriageways and motorways This is because one SPECS gantry can monitor up to four lanes of traffic at any one time These cameras measure average speeds over a known or measured distance Advantages gt They are more accurate than radar and other hand held equipment gt They are less prone to sabotage as they are mounted far from reach Disadvantages gt They are very expensive to roll out and maintain gt They can only be fitted on highways and not connector roads as the cameras are far between gt They have no means of instantaneously notifying the driver they are over speeding Police send the driver a ticket afterward through their mail gt Speed cameras in general monitor over speeding but cannot stop the driver from over speeding l
36. mpty E status 254729169305 fine 2000 for over speeding 1354466332 12 02 2012 07 38 52 PM Message successf EH statusDetails Type Record 4 10f5 gt DDE CK No Filter Search 4 an gt Allowed for all message types ow Figure 16 Database results The print screen above shows the logging of the messages on the database created The text message sent is stored in a database with details of the vehicle and the number of the owner Another message is also sent to the owner of the vehicle 40 5 0CHALLENGES RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION 5 1 Challenges e The components making up for the system were not readily available e High cost of the components resulted in the use of less costly components which are not as effective e Obstructions e g cloud cover and trees affect the receiving capability of the GPS e Mapping into polygons of a huge area like a country may be quite challenging 5 2Recommendations In case of the system being rolled out in a country mapping polygons may be replaced with wireless antennas placed in different speed zones Such that the critical speed adjusts according to the signal received Also other of the capabilities of the GPS receiver like vehicle tracking could also be incorporated 5 3 conclusion The GPS receiver obtained the speed of the vehicle and assigned the speed limits according to the mapped areas The LCD displayed the speed limits and the current s
37. nds to control the GPRS Shield or load a sketch program to send messages 3 4 4 1 Advantages of using GSM communication gt Itisacheaper method of communication gt It s has a wide coverage compared to wireless communication gt Itis easily implementable since it is already rolled out gt The larger public already understands the basics of GSM communication 3 5 Software design GPS RECEIVER ARDUINO MEGA COMPUTER SERVER GSM SHIELD LCD DISPLAY DRIVER S PHONE Figure 11 block flow of the system 3 5 1 GPS system In addition to giving the location of a GPS receiver on the earth s surface GPS gives other parameters such as altitude speed course number of satellites communicating and so on In order to establish the speed zones complete with speed limits GPS system was the most 23 appropriate because of its capabilities First polygons were drawn on the Google map of the particular area of interest which in this case is the JKUAT main campus area The polygons were allocated speed limits which would govern how fast drivers could drive in them The microcontroller program will entail the declaration of these polygons vertices corners in terms of latitude longitude coordinate system When the GPS receiver receives the coordinates of its current location and the speed at which the vehicle is cruising the program checks for the polygon in which the vehicle is located and displays the speed l
38. ng Arduino microcontroller is easy to program since it has its own software that does not even need to be installed The software used in this project was the arduino 0023 software version due to its compatibility with both GPS and GSM libraries To begin with important libraries were imported These libraries were the GPS library and LCD library Next functions were declared and called appropriately 29 Hinclude lt TinyGPS h gt Hinclude lt LiquidCrystal h gt A typical arduino program has two default functions that is void setup and void loop Void setup is used for pin initialization hardware baud rate initialization and so on This function was used to initialize the LCD and serial port baud rates GSM initialization was also done here where the message center and SIM card number were initialized The set up function is shown below void setup Serial begin 9600 Serial1 begin 9600 to be used by gsm module Serial1 print r delay 1000 Wait for a second while the modem sends an OK Seriall print AT CMGF 1 r Because we want to send the SMS in text mode delay 1000 Serial1 print AT CSCA 254733000810 r Setting for the SMS Message center number delay 1000 Icd begin 16 2 16 by 2 LCD innitialization Print a message to the LCD Icd print gps search setupSpeedZones Allow Eb 365 to power up delay 2000 Void loop is a function that rep
39. o Mega2560 has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer another Arduino or other microcontrollers The ATmega2560 provides four hardware UARTs for TTL 5V serial communication An ATmega8U2 on the board channels one of these over USB and provides a virtual com port to software on the computer The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the board The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the ATmega8U2 chip and USB connection to the computer but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1 A Software Serial library allows for serial communication on any of the Mega2560 s digital pins Programming The Arduino Mega can be programmed with the Arduino software The ATmega2560 on the Arduino Mega comes preburned with a boot loader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer It communicates using the original STK500 protocol an Arduino sketch is used to write Arduino programs compile and debug them then load then into the Arduino Shield Compatibility The maximum length and width of the Mega2560 PCB are 4 and 2 1 inches respectively with the USB connector and power jack extending beyond the former dimension The Mega2560 is designed to be compatible with most shields designed for the Uno Diecimila or Duemilanove Digital pins 0 to 13 and the adjacent AREF and GND pins analog inputs
40. ollowing equation Af J Equation 2 U Where c is the speed of light fis the emitted frequency of the radio waves Af is the difference in frequency between the radio waves that are emitted and those received back by the gun Advantages gt It s the cheapest method of over speed monitoring Disadvantages gt It s a stationary road enforcement tool gt User training and certification are required so that a radar operator can use the equipment effectively gt Reliable only when the location has been certified to be free of environmental influences that will cause false readings Antenna Positioning Error The radar beam travels in a straight line neither bending around curves nor following the contour of hilly terrain If the antenna is not properly positioned it may seem to clock an approaching car when in fact it s clocking another car in the background Look Past Error Even if the operator aims his antenna properly radar is still subject to look past error This is caused by the radar looking past a small reflection in the foreground to read a larger reflection behind This error is all the more insidious because poorly trained operators assume it can t happen Transmitter Discriminator Receiver N Figure 2 simplified block diagram of how a Radar gun works 2 3 Speed governor The governor is a simple mechanical device which first appeared on steam engines It operates on a diesel
41. on roads These methods generally fall into one of two categories e To attempt to identify drivers or vehicles that are breaking the speed limit for the purposes of prosecution e To remind vehicle users what the speed limit is and that it should be obeyed Some of the methods include 2 1 Speed cameras There are two types of speed camera in use 2 1 1Fixed instantaneous speed cameras These cameras are installed beside a road and record the instantaneous speed of vehicles and a photograph of vehicles that have been identified as breaking the speed limit Principle of operation Two piezo electric strips are embedded in the road two such strips at a known distance apart will detect your wheels over them The pressure impressed on the strips will result to a proportional voltage This voltages act as the signals that will be processed by the microprocessor The time it takes between the two strips gives the speed Speed equals distance divided by time A microprocessor records the time taken by the vehicle between the two strips and calculates the speed of the vehicle The camera takes a photograph if the vehicle is over speeding A simple illustration is as shown below Piezo sensor 1 Micro controller Camera Piezo sensor 2 Figure 1 simplified block diagram of how fixed camera work There are two types commonly in use 2 1 1 1Gatso speed cameras These were the first to be introduced Their principle of operation is as expla
42. peed of the vehicle If the speed limit was exceeded the LCD would print a message warning the driver to slow down and if the vehicle did not slow down a text message with the details of the vehicle would be sent via the GSM shield to a database Also an SMS containing the fine charged was sent to the owner of the vehicle 41 6 0 APPENDIX AND REFERENCES 6 1 Appendix ARDUINO PROGRAM CODE Hinclude lt TinyGPS h gt Hinclude lt LiquidCrystal h gt LiquidCrystallcd 48 46 28 26 24 22 Hdefine DEFAULT SPEED LIMIT 55 define NSPEEDZONES 8 booleandebugMode true boolean speeding false class Vertex public Vertex float llat float IIng lat Ilat Ing IIng floatlat floating 42 classSpeedZone public SpeedZone int s speedLimit s voidsetVertices int n Vertex v nVertices n vertices v intnVertices Vertex vertices intspeedLimit E SpeedZone speedZones NSPEEDZONES TinyGPSgps void setup Serial begin 9600 Serial1 begin 9600 to be used by gsm module Serial1 print Xr delay 1000 Wait for a second while the modem sends an OK Serial1 print AT CMGF 1 r Because we want to send the SMS in text mode 43 delay 1000 Serial1 print AT CSCA 254733000810 r Setting for the SMS Message center number delay 1000 Icd begin 16 2 Print a message to the LCD Icd print gps search setupSpeedZones
43. r a ticket afterward through their mail gt Speed cameras in general monitor over speeding but cannot stop the driver from over speeding like speed limiters 2 1 2 Average speed cameras SPECS average speed camera systems utilize state of the art video system with Automatic Number Plate Reading ANPR digital technology ANPR is a mass surveillance method that uses optical character recognition on images to read vehicle registration plates ANPR can be used to store the images captured by the cameras as well as the text from the license plate with some configurable to store a photograph of the driver There are six primary algorithms that the software requires for identifying a license plate e Plate localization responsible for finding and isolating the plate on the picture e Plate orientation and sizing compensates for the skew of the plate and adjusts the dimensions to the required size e Normalization adjusts the brightness and contrast of the image e Character segmentation finds the individual characters on the plates e Optical character recognition e Syntactical Geometrical analysis check characters and positions against country specific rules Operation SPECS consists of a minimum of two cameras each fitted with infra red illuminators fitted on gantries above the road so they can work day or night SPECS speed cameras work out the vehicles average speed given the time it takes to drive between the two ca
44. rint Ing Serial print lon Serial print speed Serial println gps f speed kmph Icd clear Icd print LIMIT Icd print getSpeedLimit DEC Icd setCursor 0 1 Icd print SPEED Icd print gps f_speed_kmph 2 54 Database program code SendMessage java Sample application Ui This application shows you the basic procedure for sending messages package examples importorg smslib AGateway importorg smslib IOutboundMessageNotification importorg smslib Library importorg smslib OutboundMessage importorg smslib Service importorg smslib modem SerialModemGateway public class SendMessage public void dolt throws Exception OutboundNotificationoutboundNotification new OutboundNotification System out printin Example Send message from a serial gsm modem System out printIn Library getLibraryDescription System out printIn Version Library getLibraryVersion SerialModemGateway gateway new SerialModemGateway modem com5 COMAO 9600 Huawei E1550 gateway setInbound true 55 10 000 gateway setOutbound true gateway setSimPin Explicit SMSC address set is required for some modems gateway setSmscNumber 254727348186 Service getInstance setOutboundMessageNotification outboundNotification Service getInstance addGateway gateway Service getInstance startService System out printin System out printin Modem
45. th its associated BTSs is termed the base station subsystem BSS Further into the core network is the main switching area This is known as the mobile switching Centre MSC Associated with it is the location registers namely the home location register HLR and the visitor location register VLR which track the location of mobiles and enable calls to be routed to them Additionally there is the Authentication Centre AuC and the Equipment Identify Register EIR that is used in authenticating the mobile before it is allowed onto the network and for billing The ME or mobile equipment is the item that the end user sees One important feature implemented on GSM is the use of a Subscriber Identity Module This card carried with it the users identity and other information to allow the user to upgrade a phone very easily while retaining the same identity on the network It is also used to store other information such as phone book and other items Connection to PSTN gt data network and other GSM networks Subscriber Identification Module MS Mobile Station ME Mobile Equipment BTS Bare Transceiver Station MIST Ivlobile services Switching Centre NSS Network and Switching Subsystem PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network Figure 5 GSM architecture In a GSM network the following areas are defined 12 Cell Cell is the basic service area one BTS covers one cell Each cell is given a Cell Global Identity CG
46. the 2009 World Health Organization WHO global status report Kenya recorded 3 760 traffic deaths the highest in East Africa region By 2015 WHO predicts the increase of road deaths to rise from 1 2 to 1 8 million and 2 4 million by 2030 The key causes of road accidents are careless driving drunken driving over speeding poorly serviced vehicles among others Of these over speeding accounts for about 51 9 according to African Health Sciences AFR organization Mitigation of loss of lives due to these avoidable mistakes is therefore imperative if economic sustainability is to be maintained To solve the major problem of over speeding several methods have been adopted but most of them are largely ineffective or manually operated and depend on the user s ability to be alert when using them As such an automatic speed alert and reporting system is needed which can inform a driver the speed limit as well as his her speed limit and also alert him her if he she exceeds the limit The project will help to curtail over speeding mostly by public service vehicles due to the automatic nature of speed detection and the levies that will be imposed thereof 1 2 Justification Taking into account that Kenya is a growing economy in terms of research innovations and industry there is a need for home grown solutions to our problems in order to achieve vision 2030 Most drivers are not aware of the set speed limits on various roads and hence they end up ex
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