BMD Lite Games, Step 1 Location Notes
Contents
1. Big Moon Dig Lite Games Step 1 Location Notes Tom Riley Beta Version January 18 2014 File BMDLocationNotesmmddyy docx The Big Moon Dig Return with us now to the Moon as we are preparing the ground for a real lunar settlement through study simulations team building and exploration 1 Purpose These are the technical notes for the first of the Big Moon Dig lite games It has the form of a quiz on the advantages and concerns about various locations for a settlement on the Moon with emphasis on locations near the south pole These questions are intended to improve the player s understanding of the conditions at key locations and the appearance of the Earth and Sun from the Moon and are in the form of _ check boxes This version is only a lite game in the form of a short quiz on figuring out answers key concepts of selecting a location for a lunar settlement Most of the answers have been calculated in the associated Excel spreadsheet Later we hope to expand these lite games into a fully fledged App that will actually support the settlement of the Moon Above all to return to the Moon we must get millions of people to buy into a vision of progress for all humankind that includes manned space exploration This game is one small step in that process BMD 1 2 The Big Moon Dig Way The Big Moon Dig is a specific approach to problem of humanity returning to the Moon and building settlements there We start with the idea t2. material You can find additional helpful resources on the Big Moon Dig Site e The Big Moon Dig home e The Big Moon Dig games e BMD Lite Game on Lunar Locations e An Excel spreadsheet with all the calculations and source data for this game o in pdf o in xlsx e Graphics of settlements and equipment e Stories based on the Big Moon Dig effort Please contact us through our feedback form if you have any questions 5 Naming Conventions By international treaty the primary system of measurement on the Moon is the System International SI the metric system All calculations will be done in SI first The now obsolete English system value is sometimes provided in parentheses BMD 3 For historic reasons and again by international agreement human habitations off Earth are always referred to as settlement and never colony One only has to think back to the American Revolution to appreciate the terrible baggage the word colony carries Few mountain tops on the Moon have formal names The peaks are commonly given the name of the nearest named crater for example Mt Malapert Large blocks of curst which can contain multiple peaks or plateaus are called massif for example Scott Massif Again they are named for the nearest named crater When the word Moon is capitalized it refers specifically to Earth s moon as a proper noun when it is used in lower case it can mean any moon The Moon s other formal name Luna is almo
3. 11 Communication Speed with Earth Electronic communication times between the Earth and the Moon can cause problems A typical two way communication for anywhere on Earth might typically take 1 Equipment Delay on Moon 4 msec typical BMD 8 Moon to Earth transmission at speed of light 1 28 sec Equipment delay on Earth 4 msec typical Earth to Geostationary Satellite 0 12 sec Equipment delay on satellite 4 msec typical Satellite to Earth 0 12 sec Equipment delay on Earth 4 msec typical Earth data processing 10 msec typical Complete return trip he a ey This is all added up on the accompanying spread sheet to about 2 9 seconds This is enough of a delay to cause problems with remote control of robots 12 Support facilities Early in its the development of the settlement we will need a main communication device on a hill top adjacent to the settlement area This device will probably be complex and expensive It must have the following key features Hill top location Clear view of Earth for microwave and probably laser communication Lots of cameras including panoramic zoom pan tilt telescopic and binocular Spinning power panel on a mast Communication relay for local rovers Science instruments Oy U BE WINS We will also need either on this device or on a separate rover 7 LIDAR system for survey work This device will provide the large amount of data needed to support the virtual Moon described in our stor
4. Aitken Basin which lies immediately to the south This advantage is not available at the Moon s North Pole Permanently shadowed craters with known water are within a few tens of kilometers of both mountain tops all be it by difficult mountain trails Determining which trail will be easiest to travel will be one of the most important choice criteria There are more or less flat areas available that are big enough for landing and buildings sites Few sites on the Moon are truly flat Lots of data is available on these sites because polar orbiting satellites pass over them very often There are also a few concerns Reaching lunar polar location from Earth requires additional rocket burns or Delta V This means a given rocket can deliver less payload The orbits to reach polar locations are not free return trajectories think Apollo 13 and so are not as safe All mountain top locations on the Moon are not as large or as smooth as many common lowland locations and so therefore are not as easy and safe for landing A key part of the Big Moon Dig games is a contest to decide which of these locations is best for our dig while not forgetting that new information might bring forward even better sites Key questions we will need to answer include pet NES Which site has the best landing area Which site has the best building area Which site has the best local solar power schedule Which site has the best access to permanently shadowed c
5. Google SketchUp 8 for Dummies Andy Rathbone Windows 8 for Dummies Steven Suehring Janet Valade PHP MySQL JavaScript amp HTML5 for Dummies James Floyd Kelly Getting StartED with Windows Live Movie Maker Leonard A Schlesinger Charles F Kiefer Just Start Take action Embrace uncertainty Create the Future Harvard Business Review 2012 John Berger Contagious Why Things Catch On Simon amp Schuster 2013 Nassim Nicholas Taleb The Black Swan The Impact of the Highly Improbable Random House 2010 Nassim Nicholas Taleb Antifragile Things That Gain from Disorder Random House 2012 BMD 13 21 Leslie Grossman Link Out How to Turn Your Network into a Chain of Lasting Connections Wiley 2013 22 Rick Hanson Hardwiring Happiness the New Brain Science of Contentment Calm and Confidence Harmony 2013 Courses 23 Chris Stevens EwB App Design http apps excelwithbusiness com Home aspx 24 Karl T Ulrich Design Creation of Artifacts in Society Coursera University of Pennsylvania 25 Eric Rabkin Fantasy and Science Faction The Human Mind and Our Modern World Coursera University of Michigan Web Sites 26 Hard Squared Science Fiction Vol 01 The Dark of the Moon Internet http woodwaredesigns com EBook EBook html 27 The Big Moon Dig internet http bigmoondig BigMoonDig html 28 SONO A world of Knowledge Infinite Possibilities Internet http getsokn
6. bit is elliptical the Earth will appear to follow a small figure eight course during the year but never moving away from the mean position by more than its diameter The Earth will also go through phases over the course of the month long lunar orbit It will be full when the Sun is lowest and to the south at midnight The Earth disk will be nearly dark at noon with the Sun passing behind it At all times the amount of Earth shine will be sensitive to the cloud cover on the illuminated part of Earth s disk Above all the Earth will look very big indeed There is even an optical illusion that makes the Moon s disk look bigger when near the horizon that will be in play Moon Axis tilt E a rth ii Sun light P Plain of the Ecliptic Orbital Inclination Not to Scale Key angles of the Earth Moon Sun system BMD 6 9 The Path of the Sun As with all arctic locations on both the Earth and Moon the sun follows a path always low to the horizon summer and winter day and night The Sun is clearly higher at noon but nowhere near what one expects if one is raised at lower latitudes At midnight the sun is always much closer to the horizon and depending on the location may even vanish below it The Sun simply goes around and around near the horizon every 27 2 Earth days The Moon s orbit is tipped about 5 degrees with respect to Earth s orbit around the Sun called the ecliptic This means that the angle of the Sun as seen fro
7. hat the human population of the Earth will build to a peak of about 10 billion around 2050 and then move on to a sustainable Earth This process will be difficult dangerous and historic But it will also be exciting even exhilarating Throughout this difficult time humanity will need visions of positive futures and great tasks to keep our efforts positive and productive Space exploration is certainly one of those great tasks We ask the question Ona world of 10 billion people what is your greatest resource We answer 10 billion people We also note that if we try to tackle the problems of the 12st century using only the tools of the 20th century we will surely fail Our approach then is to use tools of the 21st century like the Internet and social media to take on one great problem furthering the human exploration of space One of our tools is a complete reorganization of how space exploration is done called a Massive Online Vetted Exploration MOVE In the 19th century a few dozen people participated in grand polar expeditions and a few hundred thousand followed the much delay accounts in the newspapers In the 21st century millions of people will participate in grand explorations over the Internet and billions will follow them near instantaneously through social media Our short stories and these lite games are early steps in the MOVE expeditions If all that is just a little heavy for you then let s just go back to the Moon f
8. he Sun in near polar regions on Earth X On a circular path hugging the horizon BMD 10 _ High over head 7 What is the apparent path of the Sun in near polar regions on the Moon X On a circular path hugging the horizon _ High over head 8 Why can you see the Sun at midnight on some mountain tops in the Moon s southern polar region X There is a whacking big hole on the back side _ The southern mountains are very high 9 What are the all the good sources of light for small rover cameras on the Moon X The Sun X Earth Shine X Moon Shine from the diffuse surface X Starlight _ Headlamps X Flash lamp _ Lasers 10 Of the available sources of light which can provide meaningful heat and power X The Sun _ Earth Shine _ Moon Shine from the diffuse surface _ Starlight 11 What is the best orientation for a solar panel at a near polar location on the Moon X Vertical and rotating BMD 11 _ Vertical and fixed _ Horizontal and fixed _ Horizontal and steerable 12 How fast will you need to spin your solar panel through 360 degrees _ Daily _ Weekly X Monthly _ Yearly 13 Where is water likely to be found on the Moon X In permanently shadowed craters _ Mountain tops _ Springs in the valleys _ The tropics _ Buried water table 14 How do you move your rover down the mountain to find water X Move from light pool to light pool X While diligentl
9. ies and games mwn K KG 13 Game Questions The following game questions are based on the discussion above and the calculation in the associated Excel Spreadsheet Questions 1 What are the advantages of a settlement location near but not on the Lunar South Pole X Earth is visible 100 of the X The Sun is visible at least 95 of the time BMD 9 X Permanently shadowed craters are within a few tens of kilometers X There are flat areas available that are big enough for landing X Lots of data is available 2 What are the concerns about such locations X Reaching lunar polar location requires additional Delta V X The orbits to reach polar locations are not free return trajectories X Nearly all mountain tops have rough terrain 3 How big is the disk of the Moon as seen on Earth X 0 5 degree 1 2 a finger at arm s length _ 1 0 degree 1 finger at arm s length X 1 8 degrees 1 1 3 finger at arm s length _ 4 0 degrees 1 hand width at arm s length 4 How big is the disk of the Earth as seen on the Moon _ 0 5 degree 1 2 a finger at arm s length _ 1 0 degree 1 finger at arm s length X 1 8 degrees 1 1 3 finger at arm s length _ 4 0 degrees 1 hand width at arm s length 5 How does the Earth appear to move as seen from the Moon _ Path near the horizon X Hanging like a stationary picture in the sky over distant mountains _ High over head 6 What is the apparent path of t
10. lt is two distinct shadows which can have varying degrees of darkness and sharpness of the edges The Sun shine shadow is always low and long The Earth shine shadow is also long but much weaker to the point of sometimes fading away but always in a fixed direction When both are strong they form something like the hands of a clock Only the direct Sun shine can provide power and heat All the others combined can provide only a trickle of power and little heat at all Direct Sun almost always comes in at step angles less the 15 degrees This radically effects the design of solar panels The panels need to be stood up vertically and rotated once a month to follow the Sun Furthermore the higher the solar panel is up its pivoting pole the better it can work by seeing over the long shadows of local rocks and bumps This is a very different rover than one designed for Mars Solar Panel turns once in 29 days Sun always low not blocked 95 of time it goes round and round _o Large Earth makes lazy figure eight around a fixed point Water and other resources within driving distance S Be u re ak ee oy ee C a 4 ees S LS aS 2 7 Sy DTS o 2go LSE aT Cae o RE We a e Cien 3 Shadows i always long Deep Habitat and black Noe i TO S ay Exterior features a apt near South Pole gt i 5 Meter Rule By Interior temperature 20 C b t aa always stable a
11. m any point on the Moon can vary quite a bit over the year Fortunately this figure can be calculated with great accuracy but not on a simple spreadsheet At the near South Polar lunar locations we have a special consideration The South Pole Aitken Basin is so deep that the midnight sun is above the horizon most of the time This produce the peak of eternal light effect and is of great advantage for generating power at these locations O Earth Earth Shadow Sun Shadow Double Shadows 10 Two Shadows The lighting at any location on the Moon is tricky but very important in operating rovers The lighting at near polar locations is a real puzzle There are four sources of light 1 The Sun The only source of real power and warmth 2 Earth Shine Often this can be much brighter than Moon shine on Earth and can provide enough light for cameras to work BMD 7 3 Moon Shine from the surface as a diffuser The surface of the Moon is about the color of an old parking lot When the Sun shines directly some light is scattered back producing Moon shine The direction of scatter is called Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function BRDF has the general shape of acosine Very little light is scattered to other locations near the ground but the side of a nearby hill if well illuminated by the Sun can provide considerable light 4 Starlight If all other light is blocked then there is always star light The resu
12. o com redvinef controllers login ph 29 User Manual SONO Platform Internet http soknocommunity com xoops docs UserManual pdf 30 Tom Riley Brain Apps Internet http bigmoondig com Essays BrainApp pdf 31 NDAs for Free Internet http www ndasforfree com 32 Moon Base Alpha NASA Internet http www nasa gov offices education programs national Itp games moonbasealpha index html 33 Adrien Treuille Foldit Internet http fold it portal 34 EteRNA Internet http eterna cmu edu web 35 ILIADS LRO data access NASA Internet http opensource gsfc nasa gov projects ILIADS index ph 36 Audacity Sound software Internet http audacity sourceforge net 37 Firebug debugging software Internet http getfirebug com 38 Simple Games Java Script Library simpleGame js Internet http www aharrisbooks net http www aharrisbooks net h5g simpleGamePractice html 39 Goggle X Prize Moon Internet http www googlelunarxprize org 40 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Internet Wikipedia http en wikipedia org wiki Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 41 TED Ideas Worth Spreading Technology Engineering Design Internet http www ted com 42 BMD 14
13. or the fun of it 3 General Game Notes We are not trying to make this game hard getting back to the Moon has proved hard enough You may correct your entries on each question as often as you like by simply making changes and pressing the Submit button again Your score for each question is shown with each submission There is a maximum of 10 points per question but you are penalized both for wrong answers and for failing to check the right ones BMD 2 The name requested is just for reference only and can be an internet nickname or character name if you prefer It helps if you keep the same name on all our lite games so that you can be entered you correctly on our BMD Leader Board All the questions in this game are multiple choice with _ check boxes Most are marked Check all that apply but a few are marked Check one All inputs will be entered with the click of the adjacent Submit box All inputs are then repeated to the screen so that you can verify what was actually entered Wrong entries can simply be replaced and resubmitted When you get all your answers to the best of your present ability you will be invited to archive the result This simply means your result will be automatically e mailed to The Big Moon Dig when you click the Submit button There it will be added to the archive file and this will make you eligible to be on our BMD Leader Board 4 Getting Help The notes below cover most of the quiz
14. raters 7 Size of Disks Moon 1 2 First we need to better understand some of the peculiarities common to all sites on the Disk of Moon from Earth 0 52 degrees 1 2 a finger at arm s length Disk of Sun from Earth 0 52 degrees 1 2 a finger at arm s length BMD 5 3 Disk of Sun from Moon 0 52 degrees 1 2 a finger at arm s length 4 Disk of Earth from Moon 1 90 degrees 1 1 3 fingers at arm s length Note that the disk of the Earth as seen from the Moon is 3 and 1 2 times bigger than the disk of the Moon as seen from the Earth This is simply because the Earth is much bigger than the Moon This also means that Earth shine on the Moon can be far brighter than Moon shine on the Earth This also means that eclipses of the Sun by the Earth are very common at all locations onthe Moon Eclipses occur commonly twice a year last for tens of minutes and interrupt power production while the outside temperature plummets 8 Location of Earth Disk The Moon has one face locked to continually face the Earth so the Earth s disk hangs in the sky on the Moon How high the Earth hangs in the lunar sky above the horizon is a function of a site s latitude and altitude For the near polar mountain top sites we are considering the Earth will be about 6 7 degrees above the horizon That is less than one and a half times the width of your hand at arm s length or the angle of the Sun is in Earth s sky only 30 minutes after sunrise As the Moon s or
15. st never used This is a bit sad as the name beautifully refers to a young goddess who is the huntress of the night The Sun s formal name is even more neglected Saul Malapert Mountain Shackleton de Gerlache pas QwAXALNHK lt Mount Malapert in mid night sun by JAXA 6 Prime Locations The two prime locations under consideration here are Mt Malapert 85 9 degrees S Latitude 0 0 degree E longitude and the Scott Massif 84 9 degrees S Latitude 12 9 degree E Longitude Both are about 120 kilometers from the Moon s southern pole on the Moon s Earth facing side Both are remnants of one of the outer rings of the very ancient South Pole Aitken Basin Both of these sites have not been given formal names so they take their names from the nearest named craters Crater Malapert is just north of its mountain and is the most southerly BMD 4 crater visible from Earth Crater Scott A is located between its highlands and the south pole and so is not visible from Earth Crater Haworth is one of several permanently shadowed carters in the vicinity which may be accessible from both these sites Both sites have several strengths that make them good candidates for lunar settlement locations 1 Earth is visible 100 of the time for communication The mountain top location improves the view of the Earth from this high latitude The Sun is visible at least 95 of the time for power generation thanks largely to the deep South Pole
16. y watching the slope X Slowly X Working as a team _ Full speed ahead and damn the torpedoes RANK X KN 14 Summing Up BMD 12 We trust you learned something new about the Moon from your work with our Lunar Settlement Calculator Step 2 If you have any questions please contact us through our feedback form Please watch out for additional games and stories on The Big Moon Dig Reference Materials Books 17 18 19 20 The following books Web sites and courses were used for this work Tom Riley Hard Squared Science Fiction Vol 01 The Dark of the Moon e publication David Shrunk Burton Sharpe Bonnie Cooper Madhu Thangavelu The Moon Resources Future Development and Settlement Springer second edition Harrison H Schmitt Return to the Moon Exploration Enterprise and energy in human settlement of Space Copernicus 2006 Ben Bussey Paul Spudis The Clementine Atlas of the Moon Cambridge 2004 Michael Light Full Moon Knopf 1999 Motomaro Shirao Charles A Wood The Kaguya Lunar Atlas The Moon in High Resolution Springer 2011 Antonin Rukl Atlas of the Moon Sky Publishing 2004 Robert Godwin Apollo 16 The NASA Mission Reports NASA 2002 Andy Harris HTML5 Game Development for Dummies Dug Sahlin Chris Botello YouTube for Dummies John Walkenback Excel VBA Programming for Dummies Ed Tittle Chris Minnic Beginning HTML5 amp CSS3 for Dummies Aidan Chopra
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