Home

HP 85070B Dielectric Probe Kit User`s Manual

1. however occur if en is near zero It is often convenient to look at the ratio e e This ratio is called the loss tangent Software Reference 8 7 Format M enu e e Loss Tangent Cole Cole 8 8 Software Reference Select e to display the real part of permittivity versus frequency The real part of permittivity er or k kappa is often referred to as dielectric constant This format is shown in chapter 3 Select es to display the imaginary part of permittivity versus frequency This is also called the dielectric loss factor and is the imaginary part of the dielectric constant represented by k Figure S 3 Water Measurement in ev Format Select Loss tangent to display er er versus frequency Loss tangent is also known as tan d Figure 8 4 Water Measurement in Loss Tangent Format Select Cole Cole to display e versus e at each frequency The Cole Cole format refers to the Cole Cole relaxation model for e and en versus frequency Materials which exhibit a well defined peak in the loss factor at some frequency display a semi circle in this format Figure 8 5 Water Measurement in Cole Cole Format Display M enu Tabular Re amp Im Select Tabular Re amp Im to display a listing of the dielectric constant and loss factor at each measurement frequency An example of this table appears in chapter 3 Tabular Re amp tan d Select Tabular Re amp tan d to display
2. installation of software and hardware loading and starting the HP 85070 software program and basic operator interface techniques The techniques cover how to use the keyboard a mouse softkeys menus and dialog boxes The chapter also illustrates fundamental displays of the software program 1 MS DOS section 1 of this chapter is for users of the MS DOS standard version of the software If your system supports Windows with MS DOS on an HP Vectra computer continue with section 1 below 2 HP BASIC section 2 of this chapter is for users of the HP BASIC option 300 version of the software If your system uses HP BASIC on an HP 9000 series 300 computer or an HP Vectra PC skip to section 2 of this chapter By the time you have finished this chapter your dielectric probe measurement system should be up and running you should understand how to use the software and you should know how to manipulate measurement data You will be ready to make the measurements given as examples in the Measurement Tutorial chapter Section 1 MS DOS Version of the Software To run the MS DOS version of the HP 85070 software program you must have a windows compatible computer as defined below Additionally you should be familiar with basic Microsoft DOS MS DOS operations Refer to the MS DOS manuals if you are not familiar with operations such as copying files displaying the directory of a floppy or hard disk creating directories o
3. These are READMEx TXT files To list these files at the DOS prompt type for example dir a txt To read a file at the DOS prompt type for example on the HP PCL driver for HP LaserJets a readmehp txt more The purpose of all this is to install exactly the right driver for your particular printer Microsoft supplies many driver programs on floppy disks with the Windows package You must choose the driver for your printer and install it from floppy disk to hard disk before you can print You can install more than one driver and can have more than one printer connected to the system at one time however only one printer can be used at a time Drivers are updated from time to time so it is possible that a newer and better driver is available to use in place of the one supplied by Microsoft Drivers may also be available for printers not supported by Microsoft Contact Microsoft at a Microsoft Product Support Services 1 206 454 2030 For HP printers and plotters contact HP at HP Customer Support Center 1 208 323 2551 or Boise Printer Division Printer Plotter SUPPORT Building 21 Mailstop 516 11311 Chinden Blvd Boise ID 83714 USA Getting Started 2 15 1 MS DOS Connections Communications Port 2 16 Getting Started After installing the drivers Windows must be told which computer interface to associate or connect with each driver Access the control panel to do so Here you choose connections suc
4. is not in a continuous sweep mode Thus it is important to make sure that the probe is stable in the unknown dielectric environment before selecting the command and pressing the external switch The command must be selected each time before using the external switch to trigger a measurement This command does not operate with the HP 8510 network analyzer Selecting this command presents the entry box shown below Enter the information description of material name of operator etc you wish to place at the top of graphs and tables Also enter date and time Selecting this command and entering no information clears the current title Format M enu E 5070 Setup Calibrate Measure Format Display Scale Output 0 000300008 GHz 3 000000000 GHz Figure 8 2 Title Entry Box MS DOS Version Format Menu The format menu presents choices to select the display format for the measured permittivity data There are six different formats a Tabular o e o noo o Loss tangent Q Cole Cole m Graphical o Re Im a Re amp tan d The complex permittivity epsilon can be expressed as e e jel where e Re Permittivity and ev Im Permittivity er is often referred to as dielectric constant e is often referred to as loss factor and is used to determine how lossy the material is err is proportional to the amount of microwave energy absorbed in the material By definition ev is a positive quantity An er lt 0 can
5. 16 Index 3 Index 4 main mouse button 2 9 making a measurement MS DOS version 3 2 Manual described 1 3 measurement example HP BASIC version 3 19 3 25 measurement example MS DOS version 3 10 measurement skills how to improve 3 18 measurement skills how to improve HP BASIC version 3 29 measurement techniques advanced 4 1 measurement tutorial 3 1 measurement uncertainty 4 1 measure menu in detail 8 6 Memory gt data command 8 10 menus defined HP BASIC version 2 24 menus details of 8 1 menus how to select 2 10 menus how to select HP BASIC version 2 24 menus how to use 2 10 menu summary 8 1 Microsoft Excel importing data into it 4 8 Microsoft Windows required version 2 2 missing parts 1 3 mouse how to use 2 9 MS DOS system computers 2 2 MS DOS system requirements 2 2 network analyzer 1 1 network analyzer HP IB address 2 2 network analyzer required for MS DOS system 2 2 new features of software 1 5 operating state of software 8 2 operation HP BASIC version 2 24 operator s check 6 1 option 300 1 4 options available 1 4 ordering literature 7 2 ordering supplies 7 1 output menu 8 11 part numbers for parts 7 1 parts missing from kit 1 3 Perform cat command 8 3 Plot command 8 12 plotters compatible with MS DOS version 2 2 plotter tips MS DOS version 2 14 Print command 8 12 printer cables 2 17 printer drivers 2 15 printer how
6. 18 28 7 51 4 0 661431676 18 11 7 67 5 0 681998902 17 97 7 79 6 0 702386127 17 76 7 87 7 0 726357659 17 41 7 96 a 0 758329190 17 15 8 01 g 0 774300722 16 90 8 08 10 0 798272254 16 70 8 21 11 0 822243786 16 54 8 32 12 0 850305905 16 17 8 32 13 0 878368023 15 87 8 34 14 0 8064301 42 15 64 8 37 15 0 934492261 15 42 8 48 16 0 962554380 15 16 8 54 17 0 995405113 14 86 8 43 18 1 028255857 14 57 8 45 19 1 051106595 14 34 8 54 20 1 093957334 14 16 8 44 21 1 126808072 13 86 8 49 22 1 165264577 13 58 8 53 23 1 203721081 13 37 8 52 24 1 2491 7758R 12 8 R 4 Figure 3 16 Example of Tabular Re amp Im Format 3 Click on Format and er to return to the original graph of et vs frequency Measurement Tutorial 3 13 1 MS DOS Display the Data 3 14 Measurement Tutorial The software displays up to four separate traces for comparison of different materials or measurements The data trace is always the calculated permittivity data of the current measurement The data trace is erased by the next measurement unless it has been saved Save the Measurement Data to Memory 1 Click on Display in the main menu The program displays the menu below Setup Calibrate Measure Forma Help F1 e 108 0 Traces displayed 02 19 93 80 00 Sie ee gt 0 600000000 GHz 2 300000000 GHz Figure 3 17 Display M enu 2 Click on Data gt Memory in the display menu 3 Click on Memor
7. 4 Advanced Measurement Techniques Data files can also be recalled by the HP 85070 software Recall data Output M enu DOS remarks a File names have a maximum of eight characters a Default file extension is PRN but others are valid a PRN is recognized by Lotus 123 a BASIC remarks a File names have a maximum of ten characters a Default file preface is D_ but others are valid a Files are stored in an internal binary format a Files can be read by other HP 9000 series 200 300 programs explained in chapter 4 Advanced Measurement Techniques o Full directory structure of HFS hierarchical file system is supported Recall data presents a dialog box to specify the file to recall from disk In the MS DOS version drive icons such as A or B and directory icons directory names presented in bold are presented in a list box To see the files on a different drive or directory single click on these icons In the HP BASIC version a file dialog box is presented to enter the drive directory and file name of the data file to recall from disk To change the disk drive type in a new mass storage specifier like 700 1 HP85070 Data o 2 Q0 Q eee Help Menu The help menu is an on line indexed description of the different commands in the HP 85070 dielectric probe software DOS remarks Select Help to display two lis
8. 6 Software Reference This menu presents commands to trigger make and display measurements and to title the display Selecting the Trigger meas command triggers a measurement of the probe in the unknown dielectric environment The measurement is triggered immediately after the command is selected thus the probe should be stable in the desired dielectric environment Once the measurement is complete the program will give an audible beep Then it is all right to move the probe In the MS DOS version a message is displayed to indicate the current status of the calculation for example Calculating permittivity 55 complete When the calculation is complete the permittivity data is presented in the current display format and the program returns to the main menu The software usually leaves the network analyzer in a continuous sweep mode so that you can evaluate the probe s contact with the MUT before triggering a measurement Selecting the Arm external trig command places the software in an armed state ready to recognize a trigger from the external trigger switch The switch is connected to the external trigger port on the back of the network analyzer After the command is selected the switch is used to trigger the network analyzer measurement When the measurement is complete data is transferred to the computer and converted to permittivity for display When the external trigger mode is selected the network analyzer
9. 80 Network Analyzer The effect of network analyzer error sources can be calculated as Error Sources follows er Eq 2 E N x S where E is the error or delta epsilon N is network analyzer uncertainty in linear terms S is the sensitivity number absolute value For example assume PTFE Er 2 1 is measured at 10 GHz with a LOAD AIR SHORT calibration At 10 GHz the fixed load probe directivity contribution would be about 0 05 At 10 GHz for Er 2 1 the sensitivity is 8 1 The measurement error due to the fixed load probe directivity would be computed as Eq 3 E 05 x 8 1 0 4 delta epsilon The delta epsilon error will split between the orthogonal er and e terms such that SQRT delta es delta es12 lt 0 4 Note this is not total measurement error only the portion due to the fixed load probe directivity Dielectric Error The effect of dielectric error sources can be calculated as follows Sources Eq 4 E Sm S x Ds where E is the measurement error delta permittivity Sm is the sensitivity of the measured material S is the sensitivity of the calibration standard D is the delta uncertainty of the material used in calibration 4 2 Advanced Measurement Techniques Overall Measurement Accuracy Relative Measurements To determine the overall accuracy combine the various measurement error terms as illustrated by the following example In the case where PTFE is measured at 10GHz using an air short wate
10. 82335B Interface Card Systems For National Instruments AT GPIB GPIB IL or i I I Ria I dd dr Ur Ur Un wR RB a ml do AA A A 1 PP IAS O ISS PS IP tp hh 00 UND D N Dn DN GPIB IIA Interface Card Systems 2 5 Hardware Installation 2 5 Starting the HP 85070 Software 2 7 Windows Compatible Software Operation 2 8 Microsoft Windows Basics 2 2 0 2 9 What Is a Window os tes 2 9 How to Use a Mouse 6 sa bee Gs 2 9 How to Use Drop Down Menus 2 10 How to Use Dialog Boxes aaa 2 11 How to Use Dialog Boxes with File Names 2 12 HP 85070 Windows Software Fundamentals 2 13 How to Exit the Program 2 14 Conclusions 4 ni a ONDA AA 2 14 Contents 1 Contents 2 Tips for Using Printers and Plotters under Microsoft WANGOWS aura tod ds eer acl Bears amp SOLWETS La in Aas Year eek bel el es Sak Setting Up Windows 2 cose Aa eae ave da Control Panel Settings ce a ee eS Add New Printer CONMECHONS e 41253 oca ello E Communications Port The AUTOEXEC BAT File E A tents A A Printer Settings o 00 tee A QBS ae de Define plot in the HP 85070 Software Other Files Worth Knowing About CONCISO e a a e e o a ee ee ae 8 SECTION 2 HP BASIC VERSION OF THE SOFTWARE System Requirements ts a ua de a Computer ro a a aa an BASIC and
11. Binaries ets a a a a Qo IEEE 488 HP IB Interface Printers and Plotters 2d amp e e Network Analyzer and Test Set MSTA AON We Me See Ltd a E de de Ge Lo Pa te nik HP BASIC Installation HP 85070 Software Installation Hardware Installation Starting the HP 85070 Software HP BASIC Software Operation 2 What are Softkeys dep tds tl le le How to Use Menus How to Make Menu Selections 2 HP 85070 HP BASIC Software Fundamentals Conclusion a aseran had a aa T ks awe OE ee a a 3 Measurement Tutorial Introduction le od Hho sg ad pa et OO Se a Section 1 MS DOS Version of the Software Making a Measurement Set Up the Measurement Change Start Frequency to 0 6 GHz Change Stop Frequency to 2 9 GHz ChanceNumPtstos gt ssl es amp SS Change Sweep Mode to Log OK the Changes and Exit the Dialog Box Calibrating the System cid ao Ws Stablize the Cable First Measure Air First Standard Measure the Short Second Standard Measure Water Third Standard Save the Setup File sica as Gok Ge a ew ee Remeasure Water to Check the Cal Measuring a Sample Material Title the Measurement Format the Data 00 Display the Data a a ee Ge Save the Measurement Data to Memory 2 14 2
12. M essages CHI S M 1 JFS Cennect the metci to the prode START 0 050 000 000 GHz STOP 20 oco coo ooc GHz Figure 6 3 Network Analyzer Trace of Good Short Circuit to 20 GHz In Case of If the short measurement does not ressemble the trace shown above Difficulty reposition the short on the probe end Make sure the short is in firm even contact with the probe If trouble persists refer to chapter 5 In Case of Difficulty Operator s Check 6 3 Introduction Ordering Supplies This chapter details the parts of the probe kit explains how to order those and other parts and lists materials measurement literature HP Part Qty Number 85070 90009 85070 80003 85070 20028 8120 6192 9301 1212 9301 1214 85070 60003 85070 10003 8710 2036 1250 1743 1250 1746 1810 0118 85070 40002 85070 20025 85070 20026 85070 20027 Options 9301 1298 8120 6286 85070 10004 Table 7 1 Replaceable Parts Description this manual remote switch assembly probe mounting bracket cable standard SMA f to SMA f rubber vial stopper 7x13 mm large glass vial shorting block assembly dielectric probe kit software standard probe assembly adapter type N m to SMA m adapter 3 5 mm m to 7 mm 50 ohm 3 5 mm fixed load rubber adapter for large vial plug knurled part of 85070 60003 block shorting part of 85070 60003 clamp body part of 85070 60003 option 001 probe stand option 0
13. Num_freq The number of frequencies for the stored 210 measurement data This variable must be an INTEGER 4 8 Advanced Measurement Techniques Importing Data from HP BASIC 220 type 230 240 Sweep_type The type of frequency distribution for the 250 stored measurement data The string read back from the 260 file will either be LINEAR for a linear frequency 270 sweep or LOG for a logarithmic frequency sweep 280 290 300 Freq An array containing each measurement frequency 310 for the stored measurement data For example Epsilon 5 320 holds the epsilon measurement data from the 5th frequency 330 The Sth frequency is held in the array element Freq 5 340 350 360 Epsilon The stored epsilon measurement data 370 380 Sens The stored sensitivity of the measured epsilon 390 data to uncertainty in the S11 measurement 400 410 OPTION BASE 1 DIM File_type 20 420 ASSIGN File TO Data_file 430 ENTER File File_type 440 IF File type lt gt HP85070DATAFILE THEN 450 nota proper HP 85070 file take appropriate action 460 ELSE 470 ENTER File Num_freq Start_freq Stop_freq Sweep_type 480 ALLOCATE COMPLEX Temp epsilon Num_freq REAL Temp sens Num_freq Temp freq Num_freq 490 ENTER EFile Temp epsilon 500 ENTER EFile Temp sens 510 ENTER File Temp_freq 520 FOR I 1 TO Num freq 530 Epsilon I Temp epsilon 1 540 Data_sens I
14. Plot the Data If you have already installed and configured a printer or plotter you may perform the following steps If you have not already done so or if you have any problems getting a print or plot refer to the previous chapter With a measurement trace on the screen 1 Click on Output in the main menu The program displays the menu below 2 Click on Plot in the output menu 3 Click on OK to prepare the plotting device and plot the measurement trace and graticule Display__Scal aaa e fi lot TT O as nE Recall data 0 600000000 GHz 2 900000000 GHz Figure 3 20 Output M enu Note To learn more about printing and plotting see Output Menu in chapter 8 Software Reference 3 16 Measurement Tutorial Note Note ua Refresh Cal Note 1 MS DOS Save the Measurement Data to Disk 1 Click on Save data in the output menu 2 Enter the disk drive and directory in the dialog box 3 Type in the file name example Note the software adds the extension prn to the file name 4 Click on Save 5 Enter additional information as desired 6 Click on OK to save To learn more about saving measurement data see Save data in chapter 8 Software Reference Recall Data from Disk To recall the measurement data stored to disk 1 Click on Recall data in the output menu m Select the desired file from the
15. Temp sens 1 550 Freq I Temp freq 1 560 NEXT I 570 END IF 580 ASSIGN File TO 590 SUBEND Advanced Measurement Techniques 4 9 In Case of Difficulty Introduction Common Problems and Solutions Although the HP 85070 dielectric probe kit has been designed for convenience and ease of use problems can arise Listed below in alphabetical order are some common problems and their solutions To deal with problems associated with a specific instrument like the computer printer or network analyzer refer to its manual Bad filename entered press any key to continue results from trying to enter an improper title for a file File names must be eight 8 letters or less without digits or special characters Cables should be held in the same position during measurement as during calibration Hold the probe and cable with the mounting bracket and optional probe stand Its use is illustrated in chapter 2 Deionized water should be used instead of tap water as a calibration standard for best measurement results for details see Calibrate with Deionized Water in chapter 8 Flatness of the probe is crucial for accurate measurements Visually inspect the measurement surface of the probe especially the center portion Look for nicks dents discoloration and other signs of stress Solid materials must also be flat H ardware problems should be resolved by referring to the manual of the instrument network analyzer p
16. Type in 51 Change Sweep Mode to Log 1 Move the pointer to the Log radio button below Sweep mode 2 Click on Log To learn more about linear and logarithmic sweep modes see Sweep Mode in chapter 8 Software Reference OK the Changes and Exit the Dialog Box a Select the OK command with the mouse or press ENTER or RETURN on the keyboard The software displays a message as it updates the network analyzer Then the computer screen looks like the figure below 05000 Setup Calibrate Measure Format Display Scale Output 0 600000800 GHz 2 900000000 GHz Figure 3 4 Computer Screen Showing Changed Start and Stop Frequencies and Log Sweep M ode 1 MS DOS Note 4 To learn more about saving the test setup to disk see Save Setup in chapter 8 Software Reference Calibrating the The calibration consists of measuring three known standards System and using the results to characterize the three major sources of measurement error The default calibration standards are air a short circuit and water Stablize the Cable First To ensure measurement accuracy do not move the probe cable between calibration and measurements If you have not already done so stablize the cable by locking the probe in the mounting bracket of the probe stand as shown below 1 Unscrew knurled probe nut from probe 2 Insert probe in probe mounting bracket 3 Tighten knurled probe nut on prob
17. a listing of the dielectric constant and loss tangent at each measurement frequency Data Freq GHz e e 208000800 78 83 1 04 0 256000000 78 84 1 34 0 312000000 78 87 1 43 0 368000000 78 63 1 62 0 424000000 78 83 1 89 0 480000000 78 79 2 12 0 5350000900 78 80 2 37 0 592000000 78 80 2 60 0 648000000 78 75 2 80 0 704000000 78 78 3 03 0 760000000 78 78 3 30 0 816000000 78 73 3 51 0 872000000 78 69 3 74 0 928000000 78 68 3 98 0 984000000 78 62 4 21 1 040000000 78 64 4 41 Figure 8 6 W ater M easurement in Tabular Re amp Tan d Format e escQ 0 02 2 A0 A A0 A A Display Menu This menu allows selections regarding the data and memory traces Data to memory m Memory to data m Traces displayed Reference trace Trace math The program can display any combination of four traces at a time Data m Memory 1 Memory 2 Memory 3 Software Reference 8 9 Scale M enu Data gt memory Memory gt data Traces displayed Reference trace Trace math Scale Menu Autoscale 8 10 Software Reference Data gt Memory selects the memory trace where the current measurement data is saved and displayed Memory gt Data selects the memory trace to be saved into the active data trace Traces displayed selects which of the four traces is displayed When data is saved to a memory trace that trace is displayed aut
18. acne a oe ee SD 2 Parse the Column Headings 3 Parse the Data ao SS ae O a ee EA 4 Discard the Last Line of Text Importing Data into Microsoft Excel Importing Data into Word Processors Importing Data from the HP BASIC Version 5 In Case of Difficulty Introduction uu Pe aoa ayes Common Problems and Solutions ee Before You ContactHP eee Section 1 MS DOS Error Messages Section 2 HP BASIC Error Messages 6 Operator s Check Introduction 2 ee ee o Procedure 2 ee ee ee In Case of Difficulty traida ele Ge Heh Bae 7 Ordering Supplies Introduction 2 0 0 2 eee eee Ordering Information 4 41 oo es ee ES Literature ee as Hewlett Packard Literature Public Technical Papers e osoo Gere yo Other Authors oa a a a 8 Software Reference Introduction Setup Menu 3 tano ic Seale RA Set ErEQUEIC e dri da AAA AAA A BA a Sweep Mode 2 se Mab a eR e a A o Savec Setup aua a eh ld de oy OA Recall Setup a2 AA A A oe Calibrate Menu ooo a e o Calibrate with Deionized Water Perform Cal Configure eal ss a a Fae 4G A A Air Short Water 2 eee Load Air Short User defined 40m a OO dis Refresh Standard Type o Refresh Calo is EM a o a a Measure Menu e Trigger Meas s a as a ae E at Arm External Trig lt a
19. anything else the one file will import into almost any other program since it is in ASCH format The detailed instructions below are specific to Lotus 1 2 3 and Excel For instructions on importing into a particular word processor see the hints in the paragraph titled Importing Data into Word Processors If that information is insufficient consult the documentation for the word processor under Importing ASCII Files Importing Data into Lotus 1 2 3 Lotus 1 2 3 Method I Importing Numbers without the Header Lotus 1 2 3 Method II Two Imports and a Copy Importing Data from MS DOS The three methods described here are different ways of dealing with the limitation that Lotus 1 2 3 can import both text and numbers but cannot import both simultaneously The header information at the top of the data file needs to be imported in text mode and the data needs to be imported in number mode for it to be useful If you do not require the header information for your calculations use method I Otherwise the method you choose is mostly a matter of preference All three methods assume that you have Lotus 1 2 3 running it is in the READY mode and the data file you are importing is in the current directory with a PRN extension This quick method is useful when the textual header information is of no value to your spreadsheet Move to the upper left comer of the range where you wish to import the data and execute the
20. applicable regulations Limited Warranty S oftware Hewlett Packard warrants for a period of 1 year from the date of purchase that the software product will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on the spectrum analyzer instrument indicated on this package Hewlett Packard does not warrant that the operation of the software will be uninterrupted or error free In the event that this software product fails to execute its programming instructions during the warranty period customer s remedy shall be to return the measurement card media to Hewlett Packard for replacement Should Hewlett Packard be unable to replace the media within a reasonable amount of time Customer s alternate remedy shall be a refund of the purchase price upon return of the product and all copies M edia Hewlett Packard warrants the media upon which this product is recorded to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of 1 year from the date of purchase In the event any media prove to be defective during the warranty period Customer s remedy shall be to return the media to Hewlett Packard for replacement Should Hewlett Packard be unable to replace the media within a reasonable amount of time Customer s alternate remedy shall be a refund of the purchase price upon return of the product and all copies Notice of Warranty Claims Customer must notify Hewlett Packard in writing of any
21. below At this time your system should be displaying the main menu screen It lists the major menus of the program setup calibrate etc If the main menu is not visible refer to the previous chapter to load the software and advance to the main menu screen If the main menu is visible and you use MS DOS version of the software continue with Section 1 below a HP BASIC version of the software continue with Section 2 the second half of this chapter This tutorial uses a 91 isopropyl alcohol and 9 water mixture as the MUT Measurement Tutorial 3 1 1 MS DOS Section 1 MS DOS Version of the Software Warning Making a Measurement Note Y 3 2 Measurement Tutorial HP85070B ha Setup Calibrate Measure Format Display Scale Output Heip F 0 000300000 GHz 3 000000008 GHz Figure 3 1 MS DOS Main M enu The figure above shows the instrument display and the menu bar The menu bar displays from left to right the menus in the order in which they are typically used setup calibrate measure etc Thermal and chemical burns can result from mishandling the probe or cable if they have residual effects of the test environment Make sure the probe is safe before handling The first step in making a measurement is setting up the system in terms of these parameters Frequency range a start and stop frequency Frequency step or number of points Sweep mode At thi
22. choices to continue after improving the connection or abort the calibration User defined This choice lets you define and describe any three calibration standards in terms of a Cole Cole relaxation model That model listed in chapter 4 describes the complex permittivity of the standard as a function of frequency and uses these constants o the DC value of dielectric constant oo the infinite frequency dielectric constant a the relaxation width 7 the relaxation time constant To define your own standards enter the values of Ep Eint Alpha and Tau for each standard Enter a label for each standard These labels serve as the prompts for the calibration The calibration standards are requested in this order Stdl Std2 Std3 Measurements of each standard are presented without any trace math applied in the network analyzer Refresh Standard Type This block selects one of three standards for the refresh cal n Air a Short a Water Selecting water presents a text box to enter the temperature of the water This is a convenient way to update a calibration by remeasuring a single standard instead of performing a full calibration with three standards Use this function when m The cable is moved The temperature changes The calibration is stale not recently updated a A setup or calibration is recalled Software Reference 8 5 M easure M enu Measure Menu Trigger Meas Arm External Trig Title 8
23. explanations if any in normal type A calibration has not been performed The attempt to make a measurment failed You must perform a calibration or recall a setup file containing a calibration first A copy of HP 85070 is already running You can run only one copy of the HP 85070 application at a time An error occured allocating memory during the measurement Reduce the number of points and close any other application programs immediately There is not enough system memory to perform calculations with the specified number of frequency points This is usually due to having several other Windows applications running at the same time as the HP 85070 Either reduce the number of points and recalibrate the system or close the other applications An HP IB error has occured No space for new cal delete a cal set This error will occur with the HP 8510 network analyzer if there is no space to store a calibration Use the CAL menu on the HP 8510 to delete a previous calibration to make room for the calibration just performed Calibration does not match the current setup A measurement was triggered but the frequency range of the calibration in the network analyzer does not match the setup in the software The software will not allow measurment Cannot find plotter or Problem with plotter The program is unable to communicate with the hardcopy device when performing a plot operation Recheck the cabling to the hardcopy device or make sure th
24. following The computer is not one of the unsupported exceptions Minimum amount of RAM Type of flexible disk drive BASIC version and required binaries HP IB interface card Short circuit measurements are unreliable if either the shorting block or the probe face are scratched Inspect each If the brass shorting block shows deep scratches replace it If the surface of the probe shows deep scratches replace it Temperature should be constant for best measurement results Avoid thermal shock Allow one half hour for the probe to achieve temperature equalization if it has been subject to temperature variations When deionized water is used as a calibration standard it is important to enter the correct temperature and maintain that temperature during calibration and measurements To deal with error messages specific to the MS DOS or HP BASIC versions of the program refer to section 1 or 2 following If problems persist and you want to contact HP jirst Save a copy of the setup file Then log this information Product HP 85070B Software revision Computer eI If DOS type of HP IB card Network analyzer and test set a NA revision o NA options Problem description Is the problem intermittent a How can one duplicate the problem Section 1 MS DOS Error Messages MS DOS Error M essages This section alphabetically lists the error messages of the MS DOS version of the program The error messages are in bold
25. list or Change the drive and directory and select 2 Click on Open in the dialog box 3 Click on OK in the file information box Recalled data is displayed only when its frequency range number of points and sweep mode match the current settings To view up to four recalled traces at once place the first in memory 1 and then recall the second Place the second in memory 2 and recall the third and so forth To refresh or update the measurement calibration perform a refresh cal whenever Temperature changes Cable is moved To check the stability of the calibration remeasure air For details see Refresh Cal in chapter 8 Measurement Tutorial 3 17 1 MS DOS ms Q Q Q Q QQ Q Q 0 0Q0200020A0A Conclusion After working through this measurement tutorial you should be familiar with the main operating techniques and features of the HP 85070 dielectric probe software Here s how to improve your mater ial measurement skills Use the program Use the Help menu an on line definition of each command in the program Refer to the Software Reference chapter for details of each command and operation of the program Start with the index See the glossary for help with unfamiliar terms 3 18 Measurement Tutorial 2 HP BASIC Section 2 HP BASIC Version of the Software Note This
26. measurement error are explained in the network analyzer manual The default calibration standards are air a short circuit and deionized water Stablize the Cable First To ensure measurement accuracy do not move the probe cable between calibration and measurements If you have not already done so stablize the cable by locking the probe in the mounting bracket of the probe stand as shown below 1 Unscrew knurled probe nut from probe 2 Insert probe in probe mounting bracket 3 Tighten knurled probe nut on probe to secure it to bracket 4 Attach cable to probe 2 HP BASIC Figure 3 22 Cable Stablized by Probe Stand Measure Air First Standard 1 Press the Calibrate softkey in the main menu The program displays the calibrate menu Calibrate M enu Perform cal Configure cal 2 Position the pointer next to Perform cal 3 Press RETURN This initiates the calibration process 4 Press OK to measure air Measure the Short Second Standard 1 Slide the short circuit onto the measurement end of the probe Figure 3 23 Attaching Short to Probe 2 Tighten the knurled screw until the short makes good contact with the probe The measurement trace should appear tightly clustered on the left side of the polar chart on the network analyzer screen as shown below Measurement Tutorial 3 21 2 HE BASIC 3 22 Measurement Tutorial START 0 600 COCoco GHz STOP 2 900 000 occ GHz Figure 3 24 Ne
27. measurement system 1 5 accelerator keys 2 10 accuracy of probe typical 4 2 accurate measurement technique 4 4 adapters RF required 2 5 advanced measurement techniques 4 1 annotation defined 2 14 annotation defined HP BASIC version 2 25 Arm external trig command 8 6 Autoscale command 8 10 basic Windows operations 2 9 cable high temp 1 4 cables for printers 2 17 cable stability importance of HP BASIC version 2 22 cable stability MS DOS version 3 5 cal check example HP BASIC version 3 24 cal check example MS DOS version 3 9 calibrate menu 8 3 calibrating the system example of HP BASIC version 3 20 calibrating the system MS DOS version 3 5 caution the caution symbol vi chapters summary 1 3 Cole Cole format command 8 8 com1 2 16 commands details of 8 1 commands gray 2 10 commands how to 2 10 commands how to choose HP BASIC version 2 24 communications port 2 16 compatible printers MS DOS 2 2 components of kit 1 2 computer requirements HP BASIC version 2 19 computers for MS DOS systems 2 2 config sys file for printers 2 18 Configure cal command 8 3 control panel settings for MS DOS printers 2 15 copy files how to MS DOS system 2 4 Index l Index 2 data importing it for manipulation 4 4 Data gt memory command 8 10 default cal 8 4 Default scale command 8 11 Define plot command 8 12 deionized water reasons for using 8 3 dialog box ho
28. of needing only to press the probe against or immerse it in the MUT to make a measurement The probe is used with a vector network analyzer to take advantage of the analyzer s measurement flexibility speed and accuracy Use of the vector network analyzer allows the software to calibrate out as detailed later a variety of measurement errors and thus enhance accuracy Hazardous material operations and equipment may be used with the probe This manual does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use The user must establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use General Information 1 1 Remote Switch Menuol Probe Mounting Bracket Dielectric Probe Cable E Gloss Vial Shorting Block Software Rubber Adapter Dielectric Probe 3 5mm to 3 5mm to 3 5mm Type N Adapter 7mm Adapter Fixed Lood Figure l l Items Supplied with the Kit Items Supplied As illustrated in Figure 1 1 these items constitute the HP 85070B with the Kit high temperature dielectric probe kit a This manual Remote switch assembly Probe mounting bracket Dielectric probe cable Rubber adapter for large vial Large glass vial two a Shorting block Software disk 3 5 inch double sided high density a Dielectric probe high temperature 3 5 mm m to Type N m adapter 3 5 mm m to 7 mm adapter 3 5 mm fixed load 1 2 G
29. of the HP 85070 dielectric probe software To improve your material measurement skills a Use the program Use the help menu an on line definition of each command in the program Refer to the Software Reference chapter for details of each command and operation of the program This chapter is useful for infrequent users and infrequently used features Start with the index See the glossary for help with unfamiliar terms Measurement Tutorial 3 29 4 Advanced Measurement Techniques Introduction This chapter discusses a variety of topics intended to help you make more accurate measurements and analyze them on different platforms The topics are these m Measurement uncertainty m The merits of relative measurements Importing data into other programs Measurement Uncertainty Uncertainty is an integral part of measurements in this imperfect world but not an undefineable part The uncertainty of probe measurement results can be estimated with sensitivity numbers or data and the equation below Sensitivity numbers represent the slope of the model which relates permittivity to reflection coefficient Recall that the network analyzer measures the reflection coefficient of the MUT not its permittivity The software through a model converts reflection coefficient to permittivity Since the actual measurement is a reflection coefficient measurement the question of measurement uncertainty is this what eff
30. outside the HP 85070 software with the BASIC INITIALIZE command See the BASIC manuals for more information M edia is write protected An attempt was made to save a Setup or Data file to a write protected disk Use another disk or move the write protect tab on the current disk to enable the storage and press the Try Again softkey Press the Exit softkey to abort the storage process In Case of Difficulty 5 5 HP BASIC Error M essages 5 6 In Case of Difficulty No active traces An attempt was made to autoscale the data with no active data or memory traces No current data trace An attempt was made to save data to a memory trace without having a valid data trace No current memory trace An attempt was made to save a memory to data without having a valid memory trace No room for calibration in HE 8510 Delete a calibration set manually There is no more room inside the HP 8510 for the calibration just performed Use the CAL menu in the HP 8510 to delete a cal set to make room for the new calibration No valid calibration An attempt was made to take a measurement without performing a calibration Calibrate the system No valid data trace to save An attempt was made to save a data file without a valid measurement data trace Turn data on in the Traces Displayed choice of the Display menu if a Data trace exists or perform the desired measurement No valid reference trace An attempt was made to perform trace mathematics without
31. pounds Probe stand slide mounting bracket onto support rod and tighten thumbscrews to secure a High temperature B Probe secure to bracket and connect cable o Unscrew knurled nut from probe body o Insert cable end of probe up through hole in mounting bracket o Screw knurled nut back onto probe body to secure it to the bracket a Connect cable to probe Starting the HP 1 Start up Windows at the DOS prompt type WIN 85070 Software Getting Started 2 7 1 MS DOS Ls TER File Options Window Help Figure 2 3 Windows Program M anager System 2 Double click on the HP 85070 icon to start the program The HP 85070 copyright screen appears with the copyright statement 3 Click in the OK box The main menu screen replaces the copyright screen Windows Compatible The HP 85070 dielectric probe software is ready for operation when Software Operation the copyright statement is replaced with the main menu screen a HP850708 Setup Calibrate Measure Format Display Scale Qutput c Copyright 1990 1993 Hewlett Packard Company F es Use duplication or disclosure by the E U S Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision b 3 Gii of the Technical Data and Computer Software clause at 52 227 7013 Hewlett Packard Company 3000 Hanover Street Palo Alto California 34304 Rev B 01 00 Fehruarv 2 1993 Figure 2 4 HP 85070 Copyright Screen with Main Menu 2 8 Getting
32. the user is ready to make a measurement M easurement Tutorial provides a step by step guided example of a calibration and measurement with the HP 85070 probe kit First time users are urged to perform the sample test procedures outlined in this chapter This chapter is divided into MS DOS and HP BASIC sections Advanced Measurement Techniques describes several advanced aspects of using the software including alternative calibrations permitivitty parameters measurement uncertainty and how to import data into spreadsheets or word processors In Case of Difficulty presents common measurement hang ups and solutions error messages and what to do about them and helpful hints O perator s Check is a simple procedure to check the operation of the network analyzer and probe General Information 1 3 What This Manual Covers Ordering Supplies is a listing of probe part and supply part numbers It tells how and where to order them It also contains a bibliography Software Reference is designed to serve as a reference for each function and setup parameter in the software Each menu menu choice and entry parameter is explained in this chapter Index lists the words topics softkeys hardkeys and error messages of the software and this manual Glossary defines important words and concepts of this manual This manual covers dielectric probes and software shipped with the serial number listed below The serial number plate is loca
33. the following Use Customer may use the software on one spectrum analyzer instrument Customer may not reverse assemble or decompile the software Copies and Adaptations Customer may make copies or adaptations of the software a For archival purposes or a When copying or adaptation is an essential step in the use of the software with a computer so long as the copies and adaptations are used in no other manner Customer has no other rights to copy unless they acquire an appropriate license to reproduce which is available from Hewlett Packard for some software m Customer agrees that no warranty free installation or free training is provided by Hewlett Packard for any copies or adaptations made by Customer All copies and adaptations of the software must bear the copyright notices s contained in or on the original Ownership Customer agrees that they do not have any title or ownership of the software other than ownership of the physical media Customer acknowledges and agrees that the software is copyrighted and protected under the copyright laws Customer acknowledges and agrees that the software may have been developed by a third party software supplier named in the copyright notice s included with the software who shall be authorized to hold the Customer responsible for any copyright infringement or violation of this License Agreement Transfer of Rights in Software Customer may tr
34. 0 GHz Figure 2 8 Sample Dialog Box and Types of Controls How to Use Dialog Boxes with File Names Any time a test setup or data file is to be saved or recalled from disk the program displays a dialog box Save and recall dialog boxes contain two other types of boxes List boxes display file names and directories on the chosen disk drive To change the disk drive double click on the drive name for example A Toscan the directory click the arrows on the scroll bars To display the files in a directory double click on the parent directory marker the directory is one level higher in the system s disk directory organization To save or recall a file double click on the desired file name Note any of these operations can also be performed by clicking once in the list box then pointing the mouse to 8X and clicking the mouse button Text boxes provide a space to type directories or file names from the keyboard To see all of the files in a new directory type the directory name in the text box Then click OK A file name can be typed into the text box It can begin with a drive letter followed if needed by a directory name The file name itself is usually followed by a three character file extension A period separates the file name and extension For example C WINDOWS HP85070 TEST1 TST is a valid file name HP 85070 Windows Software Fundamentals 1 MS DOS HP85070B Setup Calibra
35. 02 cable high temperature SMA f to SMA f option 300 dielectric probe kit software When option 300 is ordered this HP BASIC software substitutes for the standard MS DOS version software Ordering Supplies 7 1 BP BASIC Error M essages Ordering Information Literature Hewlett Packard Literature Public Technical Papers 7 2 Ordering Supplies To order a part listed in the replaceable parts list quote the part number indicate the quantity required and address the order to the nearest Hewlett Packard office A variety of materials measurement literature exists This list is by no means complete but should prove helpful in providing directions for further reading The list is organized in three sections Hewlett Packard literature public technical papers and authors in the field of materials measurements To order HP literature contact your nearest Hewlett Packard office Basics of Measuring the Dielectric Properties of Materials application note 1217 1 part number 5091 3300E March 1992 Measuring Dielectric Properties of Food Products at Microwave Frequencies reprint of Microwave World article part number 5091 2830E January 1992 a Dielectric Materials Measurements Solutions Catalog of Fixtures amp Software part number 5091 4291E January 1993 HP 16451B Dielectric Test Fixture data sheet part number 5950 2368 May 1989 LCR Meters Impedance Analyzer
36. 14 2 14 2 15 2 15 2 16 2 16 2 17 2 17 2 18 2 18 2 18 2 18 2 19 2 19 2 19 2 19 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 21 2 21 2 21 2 23 2 24 2 24 2 24 2 24 2 25 2 26 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BRONSOSSUHAWWHEEREROKWNNY Wu WW 1 1 Ria m m Measure Again and View Both Traces 3 14 Scale the Data 207 4 aS 4 ee a we Bae Es 3 15 Output the Data ia E a Ae ad a Bo a 3 16 Plot the Data serna baca s a 3 16 Save the Measurement Data to Disk 3 17 Recall Data from Disk 5 4 a ae ee Se 3 17 Refresh Cal e aca atm E ee hw ASSES aa 3 17 Conclusion tse nets ra ti dee Sot eR Fo 3 18 Section 2 HP BASIC Version of the Software 3 19 Making aMeasurement 3 19 Set Up the Measurement 3 19 Change Start Frequency to 0 6 GHz 3 20 Change Stop Frequency to 2 9 GHZ 3 20 Change Sweep Mode to Log 3 20 OK the Changes and Exit the Dialog Box 3 20 Calibrating the System 4 45 6 se aw elie 3 20 Stablize the Cable First 3 20 Measure Air First Standard 3 21 Measure the Short Second Standard 3 21 Measure Water Third Standard 3 23 Save the Setup File o a de We aed 3 24 Remeasure Water to Check the Cal 3 24 Measuring a Sample Material 3 25 Title the Measurement 3 26 Format the Data ooa e e 3 26 Display the Data e Jas rd eae ee ae le Bees 3 27 Save the Measurement Data to Mem
37. 15 example of system calibration HP BASIC version 3 20 example of viewing two traces HP BASIC version 3 27 example of viewing two traces MS DOS version 3 14 Excel importing data in Microsoft Excel 4 8 external trigger mode 8 6 features of the software 1 5 firing up the software 2 7 format menu 8 7 frequency points restrictions of 8 2 frequency range software definitions 8 1 functionality check 6 1 general information 1 1 gray commands 2 10 grid defined HP BASIC version 2 25 grid described 2 13 hardware installation MS DOS systems 2 5 hazards 1 1 help before you contact HP 5 2 help menu 8 13 how to get started 2 1 how to use a mouse 2 9 how to use dialog box 2 11 how to use drop down menus 2 10 HP85070M system 1 5 HP BASIC version data importing program 4 8 HP IB address of network analyzer 2 2 HP IB interface for MS DOS 2 2 IEEE 488 interface for MS DOS 2 2 importing data for manipulation 4 4 importing data from HP BASIC version 4 8 importing data into word processors 4 8 in case of difficulty 5 1 incoming inspection 6 1 incomplete shipment 1 3 information general 1 1 installation 2 1 installation MS DOS system 2 3 items supplied with kit 1 2 items you must supply 1 3 kit parts 1 2 learn string defined 8 2 literature how to order 7 2 logical port 2 16 Loss tangent format commant 8 8 Lotus 1 2 3 importing data into it 4 4 Iptl 2
38. About this Manual We ve added this manual to the Agilent website in an effort to help you support your product This manual is the best copy we could find it may be incomplete or contain dated information If we find a more recent copy in the future we will add it to the Agilent website Support for Your Product Agilent no longer sells or supports this product Our service centers may be able to perform calibration if no repair parts are needed but no other support from Agilent is available You will find any other available product information on the Agilent Test amp Measurement website www tm agilent com HP References in this Manual This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett Packard Please note that Hewlett Packard s former test and measurement semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent Technologies We have made no changes to this manual copy In other documentation to reduce potential confusion the only change to product numbers and names has been in the company name prefix where a product number name was HP XXXX the current name number is now Agilent XXXX For example model number HP8648A is now model number Agilent 8648A User s Manual HP 85070B Dielectric Probe Kit LA AN Printed in USA HP part number 85070 90009 Supersedes April 1993 Printed in USA June 1997 Notice The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice Hewlett
39. FFF ForHPEMM386 DEVICE HPEMM386 SYS EXCLUDE DC00 E000 For HPMM DEVICE HPMM SYS EXCLUDE DC00 E000 7 Put the original floppy disk away for safe keeping 8 Use the Windows Setup Program to enable the Program Manager to run the HP 85070 application see the Microsoft Windows User s Guide For National Instruments AT GPIB GPIB H or GPIB IIA Interface Card Systems 1 Copy the program from the floppy disk to the hard disk At the DOS prompt type COPY A HP85070 NAT C MATERIAL HP85070 EXE and press 2 Install the interface card by following the directions in Using Your GP IB Software with Microsoft Windows a manual supplied with the card Both the interface card and the GP IB software must be versions that operate under Windows 3 0 or 3 1 In case of difficulty or to arrange for an upgrade contact National Instruments 3 Put the original floppy disk away for safe keeping 4 Use the Windows Setup Program to enable the Program Manager to run the HP 85070 application see the Microsoft Windows User s Guide Connect the computer network analyzer cable remote switch probe and peripherals as shown below For HP 8753 systems refer to the network analyzer documentation to connect the test set For HP 8510 systems refer to the network analyzer documentation to connect the test set and source Getting Started 2 5 1 MS DOS Table 2 1 Adapters Required for Various Network Analyzers Network Analyzer Ad
40. FIN file import number command This will take a little while as it reads in the file The data is ready to be used 1 Import the Text Move to the upper left comer of the range where you want your data to be imported Issue the FIT file import text command You can then select your data file from the list presented by moving to the file name and pressing RETURN This will take a short while to read in the data It will appear to spread out over several columns but it is actually long text labels all in the first column 2 Import the Numbers Move the highlight cursor one column to the right This is where you will bring in the file again this time as numbers instead of text Issue the FIN file import numbers command and select the same filename as before This will again take a short while You will notice that some of the data will be turned into scientific notation This indicates that we have numbers which can be added subtracted etc 3 Erase the Excess Numbers There will be a few numbers that were pulled out of the header for example the date and the number of points These can be discarded by following these steps Issue the RE range erase command To select all of the numbers pulled out of the header move the highlight cursor down eight rows and over two columns This should select a range which is 9x3 cells Press ENTER to clear the cells Of course if you would like to make use of any of these num
41. I To learn more about titling see Measure Menu in chapter 8 od Software Reference Format the Data Data can be formatted as one of four graphs or one of two tables The default format is e 1 Press Format in the main menu The program displays these choices Format M enu e en Loss tangent e Cole Cole Tabular Re Im Tabular Re amp tan d 2 Select the Tabular Re amp Im command to change the graphical display format to tabular format The display changes to a table of measurement frequencies and data 3 Press the format menu softkey 4 Select the er command to return the display to the graphical format of et versus frequency 3 26 Measurement Tutorial Display the Data Scale the Data 2 HE BASIC The software displays up to four separate traces for comparison of different materials or measurements The data trace is always the calculated permittivity data of the current measurement The data trace is erased by the next measurement unless it has been saved Save the Measurement Data to Memory 1 Press the Display softkey in the main menu The program displays these choices Display Menu Data gt memory Memory gt data Trace displayed Reference trace Trace math 2 Select the Data gt Memory command in the display menu 3 Move the pointer to the Data gt Memory 1 command 4 Press to underline the choice 5 Press the OK command to enact the choice
42. Memory 1 now has the same permittivity data as the data trace Measure Again and View Both Traces 1 Immerse the probe in tap water 2 Select the Trigger meas command in the measure menu 3 Dry off the probe Note that the data trace is erased and replaced by the new measurement Note too that both the data trace and trace 1 are visible as illustrated by the figure below They are identified to the right of the display as lt D and lt 1 Figure 3 29 HP BASIC Display of Two Traces To change the scale of the software display 1 Press Scale in the main menu The program displays these choices Scale M enu Autoscale Set scale Default Measurement Tutorial 3 27 2 FIP BASIC Y Output the Data Note Note Note I 3 28 Measurement Tutorial 2 Select the Autoscale command The program automatically sets the minimum and maximum values on the Y axis based on the range of measurement data To learn more about scaling see Scale Menu in chapter 8 Software Reference The program supports outputting data to printers plotters and disk drives and inputting data from disk drives Plot the Data With a measurement trace on the screen 1 Press the Output menu softkey in the main menu The program displays these choices Output M enu Plot Define plot Save data Recall data 2 Select the Plot command in the output menu to plot the current er vs frequency grap
43. Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Hewlett Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing performance or use of this material Copyright Hewlett Packard Company 1993 1997 All Rights Reserved Reproduction adaptation or translation without prior written permission is prohibited except as allowed under the copyright laws 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa CA 95403 1799 USA MS DOS is a U S registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Microsoft is a U S registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Hewlett Packard Software Product License Agreement and Limited Warranty Important y Please carefully read this License Agreement before opening the media envelope or operating the equipment Rights in the software are offered only on the condition that the Customer agrees to all terms and conditions ofthe License Agreement Opening the media envelope or operating the equipment indicates your acceptance of these terms and conditions If you do not agree to the License Agreement you may return the unopened package for a full refund License Agreement In return for payment of the applicable fee Hewlett Packard grants the Customer a license in the software until terminated subject to
44. Started Microsoft Windows Basics 1 MS DOS Using the HP 85070 dielectric measurement software is very similar to using other Microsoft Windows application programs Windows techniques for running application programs include using a mouse choosing commands from menus working with dialog boxes and selecting files Documentation provided with Windows gives a complete description of the techniques for using Windows In this section a very brief overview of basic Windows techniques is presented What Is a Window A window is an area on the screen that displays a running open application program More than one application can run and be displayed at the same time Additionally open windows can be stored as icons at the bottom part of the screen This way an application can be kept open without showing it as a window in the work area Each window is divided into several areas as shown below El ram Manager 1P85 File Options Window Help Setup Calibrate Measure Format Display AAA Scale Output Help F1 Ca 2 amp File Manager Control Panel Print Manager pubpb MS DOS PIF Editor Prompt 0 200090000 GHz Figure 2 5 Graphic Showing a Window Work Area and Application Icon How to Use a Mouse A mouse is a hand held pointing device As the mouse is moved across the desk a pointer moves on the screen Mice have one two or three buttons All HP 85070 software actions require only one button the
45. Water Measurement in Loss Tangent Format 8 8 8 5 Water Measurement in Cole Cole Format 8 8 8 6 Water Measurement in Tabular Re amp Tan d Format 8 9 8 7 Set scale Dialog Box MS DOS Version 8 11 8 8 Define Plot Dialog Box MS DOS Version 8 12 8 9 Help Screen MS DOS Version Caras 44 Se x 8 14 Contents 7 Tables Contents 8 2 1 Adapters Required for Various Network Analyzers 2 6 jo ee a AE A Tee TOES Ce Te eer 2 16 2 3 Adapters Required for Various Network Analyzers 2 22 7 1 Replaceable PartS 7 1 General Information Introduction Work Safely The HP 85070 dielectric probe kit allows measurements of the complex permittivity for a wide range of semi solid pliable solid and liquid materials It performs all of the necessary network analyzer control calculation and data presentation functions The software controls the network analyzer to measure the complex reflection coefficient of the MUT material under test Then it converts the reflection coefficient into the complex permittivity of the MUT Finally it displays the measurement results in a variety of graphical and tabular formats The software also facilitates printing or plotting the results saving the results to disk and saving test setups to disk The dielectric probe provides a convenient repeatable method for measuring various dielectric materials The convenience is a result
46. a ao 4 G35 Mit a con aa a a tan et el Contents4 LEA AS 00 00 COCO N 1 2 20101 Os NANG Li UU UY NN ae DDNDDP Were APRA WNNNYN 00 00 oo 0 UU Ud nn eo GO Q0 Q0 GO GO 00 90 GO GO GO Q0 QO Q0 QO GO Q0 GO GO OO Li I 00 o nananana Dd UU Un de as UY UY Loss Tangent oes ala nis ower eh aa 8 8 ColesColer Ta de ee ha eh oT he Bee WO ds 8 8 Tabular Re amp Im da BP AG Mk ge a 8 9 Tabular Re amp tan d 8 9 Display Menu 2000 00 dE y aa 8 9 Data gt memory lle le le de title tia 8 10 Memory gt data o o 8 10 Traces displayed 8 10 Reference trace 8 10 Tracemath S 10 Scale Menu o a 8 10 Autoscale 00 8 10 SetsScal nido dae Be ete eae Be ee ee 8 11 Default cs wea ee a e Be Bee be is 8 11 Output Menu gt de A A 8 11 Print 2 A to Sd A 4b ta 8 12 Plot wa ee he eae at aa 8 12 Define Plot ao a a a a a 8 12 Save data 8 12 Recall data 2 3 4 aaa e ara a E 8 13 Help Menu o s soros E A A Lo 8 13 Glossary Index Contents 5 Figures 1 1 Items Supplied with the Kit 1 2 1 2 Typical Serial Number Plate 2 1 4 2 1 Connection Diagram for HP 85070M System 2 6 2 2 Securing Probe to Mounting Bracket of Stand 2 7 2 3 Windows Program Manager System 2 8 2 4 HP 85070 Copyright Screen with Main Menu 2 8 2 5 Grap
47. a valid reference trace Save a trace to the reference trace and try again Number of frequencies in log mode must be 11 or greater A minimum of 11 frequencies must be specified for the LOG sweep setup Number of frequencies must be greater than 1 A minimum of 2 frequencies must be specified for the setup Number of points must be multiple of 10 1 for log mode The number of frequencies must be 11 21 31 101 etc for the LOG sweep mode Setup file is incompatible with current network analyzer An attempt was made to recall a setup file that was created with the software using a different model network analyzer Specified file Filename is not a valid HP 85070 data file An attempt was made to recall a data file that was not created using the HP 85070 software This error will also occur if an attempt is made to recall a Setup file and the specified file was not created by the software Step frequency is too small for current span The entered value of step frequency would result in a number of frequencies greater than that supported by the network analyzer Step frequency of 0 Hz not allowed The step frequency must be greater than 0 Hz This entry would cause a calculation error Stop frequency must be greater start frequency The specified start frequency is greater than the specified stop frequency Change the frequencies to correct this situation Stored data 1 to 2 GHz 51 pts log does not match setup Th
48. actually long text labels all in the first column 2 Parse the Column Headings This step is necessary only if you wish to keep the column headings with the columns of data In normal use and especially when there are many columns of data this is almost essential for keeping track of the data is each column The column heading is the row which starts with the word frequency Move down to this row and column the entire row will show up in the status bar at the top of the screen Issue the DPFC data parse format line create command This will insert a row just above the heading row that is Lotus 1 2 3 s best guess at how to parse the heading The guess is correct for the upcoming parse Next issue the input column command Select both the current row and the one below by typing a and then pressing the down arrow This will select two cells Press ENTER to execute Set the output range type O and press ENTER because the currently selected cell is the destination of the parsed result Press G to execute the go command If the spreadsheet is to be printed it may be desirable to change the alignment of the headings This can be done by editing each heading and replacing the leading single quote with a caret for centering or a double quote for right justified 3 Parse the Data Move the highlight cursor to the first row of data Issue the DPFC data parse format line create command T
49. ady to be used There are a large number of word processors that this file can be read into Your documentation for the word processor will probably have a section for importing ASCII files If it does not try loading the file the same way you would any other file and see if it works It may be helpful to know that the columns of data are separated by tab characters Each row ends with a carriage return and a line feed ene 0 0 e E 0Kq2qKq20 lt KAHK0K0A2A2AKA0A A A Importing Data from the HP BASIC Version Sensitivity numbers are available only when measurement data is stored to a file It may be accessed with the following program 10 20 30 This SUB will read an HP 85070 datafile when incorporated 40 as part of an HP BASIC program It is assumed that the 50 complex arrays for Epsilon and Sensitivity are dimensioned 60 in the main program 70 80 SUB Read file Data_file Start_freq Stop_freq INTEGER Num_freq Sweep_type COMPLEX Epsilon REAL Sensitivity Freq 90 Read file 100 110 INPUT Data_file The filename and mass storage 120 specifier of the HP 85070 datafile to recall 130 140 OUTPUT Start freq The start frequency for the stored 150 measurement data that is read from the data file 160 170 Stop freq The stop frequency for the stored measurement 180 data that is read from the data file 190 200
50. aller than the minimum resolution of the network analyzer source Illegal stop frequency Stop frequency is either I less than minimum allowed by network analyzer 2 more than maximum allowed by network analyzer or 3 less than start frequency No filename specified An attempt was made to load or store a file without specifying a filename This would occur if no entry was made in the dialog box The IEEE 488 card is not responding as configured Please check and correct configuration The HP or National Instruments IEEE 488 card is not operating properly Try repowering the computer to see if this cures the problem If not refer to the card s operation manual to run diagnostic routines to insure that the card is properly installed Run the HPIBSTAT EXE program to troubleshoot the problem There is not enough memory to run HP 85070 Close all other applications and try again The selected filename is too long Only eight characters are allowed DOS filenames can only be eight characters long The metallic shorting block may not be properly connected The software has detected possible poor contact of the metallic shorting standard Refer to the Measurement Tutorial for screen responses of good and poor contact with short circuit standards The Network Analyzer is not responding as configured Please check and correct configuration The software is unable to communicate with the network analyzer Check HP IB connections You may
51. also try pressing the green PRESET button on the network analyzer then pressing the RETRY choice in the software This revision does not support more than xxx pts The entered number of points is greater than the software and network analyzer allow This software does not support the HP 8510A Only the HP 8510B and HP 8510C are supported by the software 54 In Case of Difficulty HP BASIC Error M essages Section 2 HP BASIC Error Messages This section alphabetically lists the error messages of the HP BASIC version of the program The error messages are in bold explanations if any in normal type Bad filename entered A filename that is not accepted by the BASIC operating system was entered Filenames have a maximum of 10 characters including the D_ or S_ prefix that the software includes Only letters numbers and the underline character are allowed in the filename Drive not found or bad address The software cannot find the disk at the currently defined mass storage specifier A new mass storage unit specifier can be entered by executing another Save data or setup command and entering the new MSUS ex 700 1 see the HP BASIC documentation for more details on the syntax of mass storage specifiers when promted for the filename Entered frequency above network analyzer source range The frequency entry is outside the range of the network analyzer source Enter the value again and make sure that
52. ansfer rights in the software to a third party only as part of the transfer of all their rights and only if Customer obtains the prior agreement of the third party to be bound by the terms of this License Agreement Upon such a transfer Customer agrees that their rights in the software are terminated and that they will either destroy their copies and adaptations or deliver them to the third party Transfer to a U S government department or agency or to a prime or lower tier contractor in connection with a U S government contract shall be made only upon their prior written agreement to terms required by Hewlett Packard Sublicensing and Distribution Customer may not sublicense the software or distribute copies or adaptations of the software to the public in physical media or by telecommunication without the prior written consent of Hewlett Packard Termination Hewlett Packard may terminate this software license for failure to comply with any of these terms provided Hewlett Packard has requested Customer to cure the failure and Customer has failed to do so within thirty 30 days of such notice Updates and Upgrades Customer agrees that the software does not include future updates and upgrades which may be available for HP under a separate support agreement Export Customer agrees not to export or re export the software or any copy or adaptation in violation of the U S Export Administration regulations or other
53. apter for Use with 8120 6192 Cable and Test Set HP 8752A Type N m to 3 5mm m HP 8753A B C HP 85044A 7mm to 3 5mm m HP 85046A 7mm to 3 5mm m HP 85047A 7mm to 3 5mm m HP 8719A C Direct HP 8720 B C Direct HP 8722A 2 4mm f to 3 5mm m HP 8510B C HP 8514A Direct HP 8515B Direct HP 8516A 2 4mm f to 3 5mm m HP 8517A 2 4mm f to 3 5mm m 1 Order separately model number 11901D Note I Cable stability is crucial to accurate repeatable measurements Use the probe stand and mounting bracket to prevent the cable from moving after calibration PAINTJET XL306 REMOTE SWITCH Figure 2 1 Connection Diagram for HP 85070M System The connections for the HP 85070M system are shown above Other systems are similar Follow these suggestions 2 6 Getting Started 1 MS DOS Computer system connect keyboard mouse etc with instructions provided Printer or plotter connect PaintJet printer to Centronics parallel connector of computer Other devices may use the RS 232 connector for configuration details see Tips for using Printers and Plotters under Microsoft Windows following Network analyzer connect to HP IB connector of computer Remote switch optional connect to External Trigger connector of network analyzer Probe cable connect to port 1 of the network analyzer or test set if they are separate instruments Torque the connector to five inch
54. at it is properly installed in the Windows Control Panel Try to communicate with this device with another Windows application Cannot find printer or Problem with printer The program is unable to communicate with the hardcopy device when performing a print operation Recheck the cabling to the hardcopy device or make sure that it is properly installed in the Windows Control Panel Try to communicate with this device with another Windows application Can not write to filename This error typically occurs when the disk is removed from the drive Data does not exist The attempt to save data to memory failed because no data trace exists Error number xxx opening filename These errors are generated by the DOS system Refer to DOS documentation for the nature of this particular error Illegal FILENAME Illegal characters were specified in the filename Only alphanumeric characters are allowed in the filename Illegal number of points M ust be at least 11 and a multiple of 10 1 For the LOG sweep mode the number of points must be 11 21 31 101 etc In Case of Difficulty 5 3 MS DOS Error M essages Illegal number of points Must be 3 or more A minimum of 3 points must be specified Illegal start frequency Start frequency is either 1 less than minimum allowed by network analyzer 2 more than maximum allowed by network analyzer or 3 greater than stop frequency Illegal step frequency Step frequency is sm
55. bers the number of points is certainly useful you do not have to clear them Advanced Measurement Techniques 4 5 Importing Data from MS DOS 4 Parse the Column Headings This step is necessary only if you wish to keep the column headings with the columns of data In normal use and especially when there are many columns of data this is almost essential for keeping track of the data is each column The column heading is the row which starts with the word frequency Move down to this row and column the entire row will show up in the status bar at the top of the screen Issue the DPFC data parse format Line create command This will insert a row just above the heading row that is Lotus 1 2 3 s best guess at how to parse the heading It will work for the current parse Next issue the input column command Select both the current row and the one below by typing a and then pressing the down arrow This will select two cells Then press ENTER to execute Set the output range type 0 and press ENTER because the currently selected cell is the destination of the parsed result Finally type G to execute the go command If the spreadsheet is to be printed it may be desirable to change the alignment of the headings This can be done by editing each heading and replacing the leading single quote with a caret for centering or a double quote for right justified 5 Move the Data Under the Hea
56. calibration standards are air a short circuit and deionized water see next paragraph Alternate calibration standards can used Since the model is that of deionized water for best accuracy it is important to use deionized water as a calibration standard The software model of water does not account for ionic effects This command begins the calibration process Connect each calibration standard to the probe as prompted The prompts name each calibration standard When you are ready to measure the standard select the OK key on the computer keyboard or on the network analyzer At the end of the calibration you can save it to disk This command presents the dialog box below to make two selections Calibration type the set of calibration standards Refresh standard type Software Reference 8 3 Calibrate M enu 8 4 Software Reference Calibration type O Loadjair short O Air shortiwater O Userdefined Refresh standard type tir Short Water Water Temperature C lFigure 8 1 Configure Cd Dialog Box MS DOS Version Air Short W ater This is the default cal It presents a text box to enter the temperature of the water Enter the water temperature as accurately as possible for best calibration and measurement results The software uses the generally accepted Cole Cole model for water to calculate the permittivity of the water standard at the temperature you have specified Note that the m
57. connect PaintJet printer to HP IB connector Network analyzer connect to HP IB connector of computer Remote switch optional connect to External Trigger connector of network analyzer Probe cable connect to port 1 of the network analyzer or test set if they are separate instruments Torque the connector to five inch pounds Probe stand slide mounting bracket onto support rod and tighten thumbscrews to secure High temperature B probe secure to bracket and connect cable a Unscrew knurled nut from probe body a Insert cable end of probe up through hole in mounting bracket a Screw knurled nut back onto probe body to secure it to the bracket o Connect cable to probe Ey tf E E Figure 2 12 Securing Probe to M ounting Bracket of Stand To start the HP 85070 software program follow these steps 1 To load the software from the working copy into memory type LOAD HP85070 and press or When the disk access annunciator in the bottom right of the computer CRT goes out the program is loaded If the system does not respond as expected change the mass storage unit with the MSUS command 2 To run the program type RUN or press RUN The HP 85070 program s copyright screen will now appear displaying the copyright statement 3 To erase the statement and view the main menu screen press ENTER or RETURN The HP 85070 software is ready for operation when the main menu screen shown below replac
58. d often user settable on the printer Other Files Worth CONFIG SYS is another file on the root directory containing Knowing About commands which are executed when the computer is started It may contain references to device drivers such as keyboard mouse display hard disk etc CONFIG SYS may act in the same way as AUTOEXEC BAT but it is more common to edit AUTOEXEC BAT as explained above WIN INI is a file that Windows reads when starting up It is usually in the Windows directory It stores default settings of the HP 85070 program such as frequency number of points type of sweep etc To edit these settings 1 Use a text editor 2 Page down to HP 85070B 3 Edit as desired 4 Save and exit ES O A A A A Conclusion This information is only a summary If you are unable to successfully print or plot within the HP 85070 software program do not hesitate to review the documentation of Windows the printer the cable and the interface 2 18 Getting Started 2 HP BASIC SECTION 2 HP BASIC VERSION OF THE SOFTWARE System Requirements Computer BASIC and Binaries The system requires the computers software interfaces printers and plotters and network analyzers described below The HP 85070 software supports the HP Vectra PC and all HP 9000 series 300 computers except these a HP 9817 HP 9920 a HP 9826 a HP 9837 The minimum requirements for the computer are these 2 0 MBytes
59. dings The data was automatically parsed by issuing the FIN command but it is one column and one row away from the desired location The move command will fix this Move the highlight cursor to the first parsed number This should be the first frequency value in the second column Issue the M command and select the data to be moved by pressing the END key the right arrow the END key again and the down arrow This should select all the data in the file that was imported using the FIN command Press ENTER to confirm the From part of the move Move the highlight cursor to the row just below the parsed column headings To wipe out the single column of text move over this first column Press ENTER to complete the move 6 Discard the Last Line of Text There will be one last text label at the end of the data This can be removed by pressing the END key the down arrow to get to the last cell and then using the RE range erase command to clear 4 6 Advanced Measurement Techniques Lotus 1 2 3 Method III One Import and a Parse Importing Data from MS DOS 1 Import the Text Move to the upper left corner of the range where you want your data to be imported Then issue the FIT file import text command You can then select your data file from the list presented by moving to the file name and hitting return This will take a short while to read in the data It will appear to spread out over several columns but it is
60. dows Installation First Microsoft DOS then Windows and finally the HP 85070 software should be installed on the hard disk to run the dielectric measurement program Microsoft DOS must be installed on the computer s hard disk If you are configuring the computer for the first time or installing a new version of DOS refer to the Microsoft DOS installation documentation Microsoft Windows is an extension of the MS DOS operating environment and features a sophisticated graphical user interface Version 3 0 or 3 1 must be installed on the computer s hard disk to install and run the HP 85070 dielectric probe software To install Windows run the SETUP program provided with Windows The SETUP program will ask what type of computer keyboard mouse display and peripherals are in the system If the information provided by the SETUP program is insufficient or confusing refer to the Windows documentation for details If your dielectric measurement system includes a printer or plotter you can install the drivers later when Windows itself is installed and running or now a To install it later just follow the prompts in the SETUP program To install your printer or plotter now keep in mind the following a You must specify which printers and plotters are to be used when running the dielectric measurement program a You must load drivers for any printers or plotters with the SETUP program It is recommended that you let the SETUP
61. e frequency setup in the software must exactly match the frequency range of any stored data to bring the data trace back into the software The frequency range of the data is presented in the error message so that you can go back to the Set frequency choice in the Setup menu to change the frequency setup HP BASIC Error M essages Y max and Y min can not be the same value The maximum and minimum values for the graphical display were specified to be the same value Enter new different values In Case of Difficulty 5 7 Operator s Check Introduction The following procedure is a simple effective means of checking the functionality of the cable probe and shorting block Use it for incoming inspection or routine system check Note that all of the items shipped with the product are listed in chapter 1 General Information Visually inspect the measurement surface of the probe with a magnifying glass or low powered microscope Look for nicks dents discoloration and other signs of stress especially in the center portion 2 Connect the probe to the dielectric probe cable and the cable to port 1 of the network analyzer For HP 8510 based systems refer to chapter 2 to see how to connect the network analyzer source and test set 3 Secure the cable to prevent its movement during the next steps Cable movement may produce erroneous test results 4 Turn on the network analyzer and press PRESET This should
62. e an order from a non US country Getting Started 2 17 1 MS DOS Printer Settings Most printers can be configured or set by the user with small switches jumpers or buttons Settings fall into two categories serial and mode Serial settings select the protocol used by the serial port The protocol includes BAUD rate parity word length and handshake See printer s manual for recommendations and see Communications Port to make sure the computer s serial port protocol matches the printer M ode settings control how the printer responds to certain commands after being received correctly via the communications port Settings may affect response to CR response to LF page size font selection font size etc Some HP printers have a mode switch that selects between Alternate and HP mode Use the HP setting unless using a non HP driver Define plot in Once you are running the HP 85070 software select Output then the HP 85070 Define Plot to specify the printer driver you want to record Software measurement results This selection points to a driver in Microsoft Windows described above If that driver supports more than one printer the printer must already have been chosen in the control panel The control panel also selects the hardware port to which the output will be sent and the protocol used by a serial port The port and protocol selected must match the actual port and protocol use
63. e menu chowe Select another Menu with the iodeied Eales Geel SEA Figure 2 15 Main Menu Screen with Pull O uts Describing Principal Functions of Components The instrument display is always present Most of the time the instrument display presents measurement data as a graph But it can also present the data as a tabular listing These terms refer to parts of the instrument display Grid is composed of the x axis and y axis graticules on which the data is plotted Traces are graphs of measurement data They are the measured values of permittivity plotted on the grid When the software first starts up no measurement traces are presented Getting Started 2 25 2 HP BASIC Conclusion 2 26 Getting Started Annotation is the text on the instrument display which describes the frequency range of the measurement the format of the display the scaling of the display and any display titles Now that you have installed the software and hardware loaded the program and learned the basic operator interface techniques you are ready to make a measurement Please continue with section 2 of the next chapter Measurement Tutorial Measurement Tutorial Introduction Note Kg This chapter provides a step by step guided example of a calibration and measurement sequence with the HP 85070 software The example uses frequencies within the range of most systems so feel free to make the calibration and measurement as outlined
64. e the orbits of electrons around a nucleus are stretched symbol for absolute permittivity er is used more often Er symbol for relative permittivity to free space if complex e r Er Jer free water water molecules which are not bound and are free to orient themselves in an electric field homogeneous having uniform properties throughout non homogeneous materials are usually mixtures of two materials induced dipoles temporary dipoles created by electric fields ionic dielectric mechanism fairly strong lossy operating at all frequencies where mobile ionic charges migrate in a material isotropic properties do not vary with orientation non isotropic materials are usually fibrous or crystaline K symbol for dielectric constant and always relative to free space if complex k1 jx11 equivalent to er loss angle see 6 Help Menu loss factor KII OF l loss index KII OF Ep loss tangent see tan MUT Material Under Test NDE Non Destructive Evaluation non destructive attribute of test method when material can be used for its end purpose after testing penetration depth distance through a lossy dielectric over which the field strength falls by l e due to energy absorption permanent dipoles molecular structures that inherently have a non symmetrical charge distribution permeability measure of effect a material has on magnetic fields ratio of flux over field
65. e to secure it to bracket 4 Attach cable to probe Figure 3 5 Cable Stablized by Probe Stand Measure Air First Standard 1 Click on Calibrate in the main menu The program displays the calibrate menu Figure 3 6 Calibrate M enu Measurement Tutorial 3 5 1 MS DOS 2 Click on Perform cal in the calibrate menu 3 Click on OK in the dialog box Measure the Short Second Standard 1 Slide the short circuit onto the measurement end of the probe Figure 3 7 Attaching Short to Probe 2 Tighten the knurled screw until the short makes good contact with the probe The measurement trace should appear tightly clustered on the left side of the polar chart on the network analyzer screen as shown below CHI S M 1 UFS Connac the Motela 20 the probe STAR 0 600 coo oco GHz STOP 2 900 000 000 GHz Figure 3 8 Network Analyzer Display of Short Circuit to 2 9 GHz 3 Click on OK 4 Remove the short circuit Note high frequency up to 20 GHz measurement traces are less tightly clustered as shown below 3 6 Measurement Tutorial 1 MS DOS CH Sii M 1 45 FS Canmmect the metal te the probe START 0 050 000 000 GHz STCP 20 060500 OOCGHz Figure 3 9 Network Analyzer Display of Short Circuit to 20 GHz Measure Water Third Standard 1 Measure the temperature of a vial of deionized water with a thermometer It should be 25 C 2 Immerse the probe in the water b
66. ect does a reflection coefficient measurement error have on permittivity Sensitivity numbers can show a relative qualitative indication of uncertainty For example if in one instance the sensitivity number is 50 and in a second instance it is 25 the measurement uncertainties of the first instance are twice 50 25 2 those of the second More precisely error sources can be divided into two categories network analyzer error sources and dielectric error sources Examples of network analyzer error sources are noise about 0 0006 and the fixed load probe directivity contribution 05 to 15 for a LOAD AIR SHORT calibration depending on frequency Examples of dielectric error sources are probe model accuracy 3 to 5 and uncertainty due to the accuracy of the permittivity characterization of calibration or reference standards The sensitivity numbers are useful in determining the measurement error contributions from both categories Advanced Measurement Techniques 4 1 Measurement Uncertainty Typical Probe The typical accuracy of the probe is graphed below Note that Accuracy the practical frequency range accuracy and resolution depend on properties of the MUT Graphs indicate typical accuracy at 2343 C not including the effects of probe contact and cable flexure Coaxial Probe Accuracy 7 2 5 20 50 80 Frequency GHz Figure 4 1 Typical Accuracy versus Frequency for 2 5 20 50
67. eneral Information Note For part numbers of the above items refer to chapter 7 Ordering Supplies Before using the HP 85070 software be sure that all of these items have been received and appear to be in good condition Contact your Hewlett Packard representative if any item is missing or appears to be damaged Items You Must Supply To run the software you must supply these items listed below and detailed in chapter 2 Getting Started Computer with HP IB interface Network analyzer Printer or plotter optional MS DOS disk operating system and Windows for standard systems only a Microsoft Windows and MS DOS are US registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation About This Manual This manual is a complete guide to using the HP 85070 software and probe to make dielectric measurements As outlined below it explains how the system works how to set it up how to use the software how to check the system and where to find reference material General Information introduces the concept of material measurements with a network analyzer It explains the functions of the analyzer computer software and probe in making measurements Getting Started lists required system equipment tells how to configure load and install the hardware and software and presents operator interface techniques It also discusses display organization data presentation entry prompts instructions At this point
68. ent Tutorial Change Start kequency to 0 6 GHz 1 If the pointer is not next to Start frequency use the up or down arrow keys 2 Press RETURN The software prompts for entry of the new start frequency Notice that the softkeys are labeled with the entry terminators GHz and MHz 3 Type in 0 6 4 Press the GHz softkey The new value of 0 6 GHz is now displayed below start frequency in the dialog box although the frequency annotation on the graph is not updated yet Change Stop Frequency to 2 9 GHz 1 Position the pointer at Stop frequency gt 2 Press RETURN The software prompts for entry of the new stop frequency 3 Type in 2 9 4 Press the GHz softkey The new value of 2 9 GHz is now displayed below stop frequency in the dialog box Change Sweep Mode to Log 1 Position the pointer at Linear log sweep mode Linear should now be underlined as the current choice 2 Press to underline and select log sweep mode To learn more about linear and logarithmic sweep modes see Sweep Mode in chapter 8 Software Reference OK the Changes and Exit the Dialog Box 1 Position the pointer at OK 2 Press RETURN The software updates the computer screen and the network analyzer to the new settings The calibration consists of measuring three known dielectrics standards and using the results to characterize the three major sources of measurement error The three major sources of
69. ents AT GPIB GPIB II or GPIB IIA Interface Card Systems below For HP 82335B Interface Card Systems 1 Copy the program from the floppy disk to the hard disk At the DOS prompt type COPY A HP85070 HP C MATERIAL HP85070 EXE and press ENTER The HPIB DLL file must be copied into a directory included in the DOS PATH The DOS PATH is typically set up by the AUTOEXEC BAT file during bootup of the PC 2 To see the directories in the DOS PATH at the DOS prompt type PATH and press ENTER 3 Copy the HPIB DLL file to a directory in PATH For instance to copy the file to the WINDOWS directory at the DOS prompt type COPY A HPIB DLL C WINDOWS HPIB DLL and press ENTER 4 Install the interface card by following the directions supplied with it Note y Hardware Installation 1 MS DOS 5 Add an EMMEXCLUDE line inthe 386ENH section of your SYS INI file to exclude the memory range of the HP IB card a Run the HPIBSTAT EXE program b Add the recommended line For example with the card at select code 7 include this line EMMEXCLUDE DCOO DFFF 6 If your system includes an EMM modify the CONFIG SYS file to exclude the memory range used by the interface card Several examples follow but each EMM uses its own syntax so you may need to refer to the EMM documentation The examples are for the HP IB cards at select code 7 For HPEMMGR DEVICE HPEMMGR SYS X DCOO DFFF ForEMM386 DEVICE EMM386 EXE X DC00 D
70. error will split between the orthogonal e and e terms such that SQRT delta er delta ev lt delta epsilon Advanced Measurement Techniques 4 3 Importing Data from MS DOS The Merits of Relative Measurements Typically relative measurements are more accurate than absolute measurements Thus comparing measured results to a known reference of nearly the same permittivity is recommended in general Relative measurement comparisons are facilated by the trace math feature Trace Ref Relative Measurements Reali Part Rexolite Kynar Kynar Rex Kynar Probe Probe 2 54 7mm T R Frequency GHz Figure 4 2 Relative M easurements en 0 Qe e QQQ 002 0 Q0 TA Importing Data for Uncertainty Calculations and Manipulation You can import measurement data from either version of the software to calculate uncertainty and further manipulate it For instructions on importing data from the HP BASIC version of the program see Importing Data from the HP BASIC Version at the end of this chapter OE Essa Importing Data from the MS DOS Version into Lotus 1 Z 3 Microsoft Excel or Word 4 4 Advanced Measurement Techniques Processors The data files created by the MS DOS version of the HP 85070 materials measurement software can be imported into Lotus 1 2 3 or Excel for further calculations There is no difference between the file formats for bringing the data into Lotus 1 2 3 Excel or
71. es a hazard It calls attention to a procedure which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in injury or loss of life Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met Instruction The instruction manual symbol The product is Manual marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual Contents 1 General Information La Introduction Work Safely y ot lod A do de Items Supplied with the Kit Items You Must Supply About This Manual What This Manual Covers Description of the Dielectric Probe Kit Options IE cade Mk SHS ee a HP 85070M Dielectric Measurement System Software Features New Features of this Revision Equipment Required 0 oe e es Recommended Test Equipment Probe Characteristics Getting Started Introduction 2 0 Section 1 MS DOS Version of the Software System Requirements Computer s s s da a Ge aod ata S ftWwaTe a e i era a eae ee TEEE 488 HP IB Interface Printers and Plotters Network Analyzer and Test Set Installation 2 ee Microsoft DOS Installation Microsoft Windows Installation HP 85070 Software Installation HP IB and GP IB Interface Card Installation For HP
72. es the copyright statement Getting Started 2 23 2 HP BASIC HP BASIC Software Operation 2 24 Getting Started 100 0 80 00 INSTRUMENT DISPLAY Frequency curar keys to part to menu chocs Use the RETURN key to make mem choice a were MRA the lobeled softkeys ala Sl all Figure 2 13 Main Menu Screen As explained below the HP 85070 software uses softkeys and menus to interact with the operator What are Softkeys Softkeys are keys which are relabeled to perform different functions as the program runs The labels for the softkeys are located on the bottom of the computer display The softkey labels correspond to the function keys F1 through F8 on the computer keyboard The softkeys are labeled with the names of the menus in the program Pressing a menu softkey brings up that menu of choices for working with the program Any tune the softkeys are labeled they are active and can be used to select a menu How to Use Menus Menus are lists of commands or other menus or both When a menu is selected in the HP 85070 menu choices or commands are presented in the upper right portion of the computer s display The various menus in the software are found on the softkeys at the bottom of the computer display To select a menu press the function key on the keyboard that corresponds to the menu softkey on the computer display The menu choices will appear on the upper right portion of the display wi
73. h To learn more about printing and plotting see Output Menu in chapter 8 Software Reference Save the Measurement Data to Disk To save measurement data to disk 1 Press the Output softkey in the main menu 2 Select the Save data command 3 Type example to name the file D example the program adds the prefix D_ 4 Press RETURN Recall Data from Disk To recall measurement data saved to disk 1 Select the Recall data command in the output menu This initiates a search for all files with the D_ preface on the current disk drive and directory 2 Select the file you just stored D example 3 Recall D example Recalled data is displayed only when its frequency range number of points and sweep mode match the current settings The recalled data is placed in the data trace for display To view more than one saved data file place the first recalled data trace in memory 1 and recall another In this manner you can view up to four saved data files Refresh Cal Note Y Conclusion 2 HP BASIC To refresh or update the measurement calibration perform a refresh cal whenever Temperature changes Cable is moved To check the stability of the calibration remeasure air For details see Refresh Cal in chapter 8 After working through this measurement tutorial you should be familiar with the main operating techniques and features
74. h as PCL HP LaserJet on LPT1 HP Plotter on COM1 HP QuietJet on None LPT1 and COMI refer to the type of hardware interface or port through which computers and printers communicate You must determine which type of interface your printer uses and enter that information The two main types of interfaces also have associated logical ports A logical port is a specific address and interrupt level which the computer associates with a physical port and through which it communicates Table 2 2 interface Common Name Logical Ports Serial RS 232 COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 Parallel Centronics LPT1 LPT2 LPT3 Logical ports are assigned to physical ports by setting small switches or jumpers on the interface card These cards are loaded into a slot on the rear panel of the computer Each card typically has two physical ports serial parallel or one of each Refer to the computer or interface documentation to determine what you have and select the logical port in the control panel accordingly A third type of hardware interface exists called HP IB IEEE 488 or GP IB The computer must also have this interface to control the network analyzer Control panel settings in Windows can change the serial RS 232 communications protocol by overriding definitions in the AUTOEXECBAT file AUTOEXECBAT is an automatically executed on power up batch file located on the root directory It usually contains commands to configure t
75. he communications ports According to Microsoft Windows ignores AUTOEXECBAT commands when controlling a printer via a serial port However if a printer was working successfully before installing Windows it may help to examine AUTOEXEC BAT as explained below and modify the communications port settings to match it Parallel ports are not affected by Windows Several parameters define the communications protocol used by serial RS 232 ports The protocol must match that of the printer Some printers are capable of changing their serial protocol via small switches or other controls Refer to the printers manual for details These are the parameters and most common values for HP printers a BAUD rate 9600 4800 2400 1200 19200 300 Parity None Even Odd The AUTOEXEC BAT File Cables 1 MS DOS Number of data bits word length 8 7 6 Number of stop bits 1 1 5 2 a Handshake type a Hardware DTR Printer Busy a None XON XOFF To change the communications protocol used by Windows access the control panel and enter the changes Commands that configure a serial port typically look like this MODE COM1 9600 N 8 1 If the printer is connected to a parallel port the mode command may look like this MODE LPT1 P Note that the MODE command can also redirect the printer from one logical port to another The default printer is usually assumed to be at LPT1 If the printer is a serial type the printer data
76. hic Showing a Window Work Area and Application Icon tc Gd dle oe A 2 9 2 6 Mouse and Location of Main Mouse Button 2 10 2 7 Drop Down Menu and Highlighted Selected Command 2 11 2 8 Sample Dialog Box and Types of Controls 2 12 2 9 The Dialog Box and Types of Controls 2 13 2 10 Principal Components of the Software Screen 2 13 2 11 Connection Diagram for HP 8720 based System 2 22 2 12 Securing Probe to Mounting Bracket of Stand 2 23 2 13 Main Menu Screen a ao us a Ba eo Bae oe 6 2 24 2 14 Sample Menu Selections 2 25 2 15 Main Menu Screen with Pull Outs Describing Principal Functions of Components 2 25 3 1 MS DOS Main Menu 2 3 2 3 2 Setup M n aos od ch oe We a Okt Ie ea ge a BO 3 3 3 3 Set Frequency Dialog Box 2 00 ose oe a oe 3 3 3 4 Computer Screen Showing Changed Start and Stop Frequencies and Log Sweep Mode 3 4 3 5 Cable Stablized by Probe Stand 3 5 3 6 Calibrate Menu mad e as a A 3 5 3 7 Attaching Short to Probe 3 6 3 8 Network Analyzer Display of Short Circuit to 2 9 GHz 3 6 3 9 Network Analyzer Display of Short Circuit to 20 GHz 3 7 3 10 Network Analyzer Display of Deionized Water During Calibration A a 3 8 3 11 Measure Menu A ANN 3 9 3 12 Water Measurement After Calibration 3 10 3 13 Calibrated Measurement of 91 Isopropyl Solution 3 1 1 3 14 Default Display of I
77. his will insert a row just above the heading row that is Lotus 1 2 3 s best guess at how to parse the heading The guess is correct for the next parse Issue the input column command Select both the current row and all the data below by typing a and then pressing the END and down arrow This will select the entire column of text labels Press ENTER to execute Type O and press ENTER to set the output range the currently selected cell is the destination of the parsed result Type G to execute the go command Advanced Measurement Techniques 4 7 Importing Data from HP BASIC Importing Data into Microsoft Excel Importing Data into Word Processors 4 Discard the Last Line of Text There will be one last text label at the end of the data This can be removed by pressing the END key and then the down arrow to get to the last cell and then using the RE range erase command to clear This assumes that Excel is running and the data file to be imported is in the current directory There is only one step to importing the data into Excel Choose the file open command and change the file box to read PRN instead of XL Once Excel has read the directory it will display all the files with a PRN extension Choose the desired data file This will take a little while as the file is read the percent completion will indicate how this is proceeding Once this command is completed the data is re
78. igher is recommended The HP 8510A is not supported by the software but can be upgraded to an HP 8510C with the HP 851036 upgrade kit Installation 2 HP BASIC HP BASIC Installation The Hewlett Packard BASIC operating system version 5 0 or higher is required for the HP 85070 software Additionally the BASIC system must include the previously listed binaries for operation with the HP 85070 software Refer to the computer s manual set for additional information on installing or configuring the BASIC operating system HP 85070 Software Installation The HP 85070 software program resides in a single file on the HP 85070 program disk a 3 1 2 inch floppy disk The name of the file is HP85070 The HP 85070 program should be copied to a working disk so that the original disk can be stored as a back up Thus if the new working copy is damaged or lost the back up is still available Use the COPY command in HP BASIC to copy the program to another disk drive The syntax of the COPY command is COPY filename MSUS to filename MSUS where MSUS is short for mass storage unit specifier MSUSs are typically of the form 700 1 where 700 is the drive address and 1 is the drive number For example to copy the program from drive address 700 drive 0 to drive address 700 drive 1 type COPY HP85070B 700 0 TO HP85070B 700 1 Refer to the BASIC operating system manuals for more information of mass storage
79. inter facsimiles of displayed graphical data Plotters can also be used to get hardcopy graphical data The HP 85070 software is designed to work with the network analyzer configurations described below The default HP IB address is 16 HP 8752A this network analyzer contains a reflection transmission test set as part of the analyzer No other instrumentation is needed to make measurements HP 8753A B or C these network analyzers need a companion test set for operation with the software The following test sets are supported a HP 85044A reflection transmission test set a HP 85046A S parameter test set a HP 85047A S parameter test set HP 8719A or C HP 8720A B or C HP 8722A or C these network analyzers contain S parameter test sets as part of the analyzer No other instrumentation is needed to make measurements HP 8510B or C this network analyzer requires a companion test set and a source for operation with the software Frequency range Note Y 1 MS DOS is determined by the test set and source All test sets supported by the HP 8510 are supported by the software The source must be synthesizer based The HP 8340 HP 8341 or HP 8360 family sources are supported by the software HP 8510 firmware revision 5 0 or higher is recommended The HP 8510A is not supported by the software but can be upgraded to an HP 8510C with the HP 85103C upgrade kit Installation Microsoft DOS Installation Microsoft Win
80. lates the complex permittivity er and er and displays the results as shown below Measurement Tutorial 3 1 1 1 MS DOS I Note P Format the Data 3 12 Measurement Tutorial i ite EBSIEDI Setup Calibrate Measure Format Display Scale Output example calibration 02 19 93 11 26 58 0 600000000 GHz 2 900000000 GHz Figure 3 14 Default Display of Isopropyl Measurement Title the Measurement 1 Click on Measure in the main menu 2 Click on Title in the measure menu 3 Type example 4 Click on OK To learn more about titling see Measure Menu in chapter 8 Software Reference Data can be formatted as one of four graphs or one of two tables The default format is e 1 Click on Format in the main menu The program displays the menu below 1 MS DOS PBS ZEB Setup Calibrate Measure f Display Scale Output el e Loss tangente L Tabular Re amp im 11 26 58 80 00 Tabular Re amp tan d he E rr aoe O a ee i ae EE eee 20 00 AS 0 000 0 600000000 GHz 2 300000000 GHz Figure 3 15 Format M enu 2 Click on the Tabular Re amp Im command The display should resemble the one shown below Setup Calibrate Measure Format Display Scale Output eference math OFF Title example Frequency Data Data Prt GHz real imag 1 0 600000000 18 84 7 23 2 0 620477225 18 48 7 44 3 0 640954451
81. le Output Help F1 Arm external trigger 100 0 Title 80 80 _ 60 00 40 00 20 00 ogo T TT 0 600080000 GHz 2 900000000 GHz Figure 3 11 Measure Menu 3 Trigger the measurement by doing one of the following Click on Trigger in the measure menu Click the right hand mouse button Press the remote switch button The computer screen should look like the figure below Measurement Tutorial 3 9 1 MS DOS Measuring a Sample Material Warning 3 10 Measurement Tutorial e 100 0 02 19 93 11 19 46 80 00 lt D 60 00 40 00 20 00 0 000 0 5600000000 GHz 2 900000000 GHz Figure 3 12 Water Measurement After Calibration For this example measurement the MUT is a solution of 91 isopropyl alcohol and 9 water by volume Thermal and chemical burns can result from mishandling the probe or cable if they have residual effects of the test environment Make sure the probe is safe before handling 1 Immerse the probe in the MUT The network analyzer display should look like the one shown below 1 MS DOS Figure 3 13 Calibrated Measurement of 91 Isopropyl Solution 2 Click on Measure in the main menu 3 Trigger the measurement by doing one of the following Click on Trigger in the measure menu Click the right hand mouse button Press the remote switch button The software makes the measurement calcu
82. main mouse button This is the left most button on the mouse However on multi bottoned mice you can use the right most button to trigger a measurement Getting Started 2 9 1 MS DOS 2 10 Getting Started MAIN MOUSE BUTTON Figure 2 6 Mouse and Location of Main M ouse Button These terms describe operations with the mouse Point to move the tip of the mouse pointer on top of something on the screen a Click to quickly press and release the mouse button Double click to quickly press and release the mouse button twice in succession s Drag to hold down the mouse button move the mouse until the pointer is at the desired location then release the main button Release to quit holding down the mouse button Select to point on a menu How to Use Drop Down Menus Drop down menus are lists of commands that drop down from the top of the screen when selected The names of the software menus appear on the menu bar at the top of the window displaying the HP 85070 application program To select a menu point to the name of the menu and click the mouse button Or press the Alt alternate key and the underlined letter in the name of the menu For example press Alt and s for the Setup menu The menu will drop down on the screen To choose a command point to the name of the command on the menu and click the mouse button Note that commands that appear in gray do not currently apply and can not be choosen An
83. may be redirected via LPT to COM1 with this command MODE LPT1 COM1 If needed the AUTOEXEC BAT file can be modified with EDLIN or other ASCII text editors Refer to DOS documentation for details on the MODE command After editing AUTOEXEC BAT the computer should be restarted to read and execute the edited file Press to do so Other files can have an effect on printer performance though not as often as AUTOEXEC BAT Those files are described below in Other Files Worth Knowing About A cable is needed to connect printer to computer There are many cables to choose from Do not assume that a cable with connectors that merely mate correctly at each end will work correctly this is rarely the case The choice of cable is based on Printer model a Type of interface serial RS 232 or parallel Centronics Connector type at each end e g Q pin 25 pin or 36 pin m Sex at each end male or female For HP printers the Computer Users Catalog provides an excellent look up table to help choose the correct cable To request a catalog or to order cables and adapters with a credit card call HP DIRECT ORDERING at 1 800 538 8787 toll free from US Outside the US similar services are usually available locally Refer to your local phone directory under HP or call these numbers international toll call to the US U S A 408 553 7800 for information on local services U S A 415 857 5027 to plac
84. minimum of RAM Random Access Memory a High density double sided 3 1 2 inch flexible disk drive HP 823006 required for HP Vectra PC The computer must have BASIC operating system version 5 0 or higher and these binaries COMPLEX CS80 ERR GRAPH GRAPHX if color CRT HPIB 10 MAT n Other binaries may be present in the BASIC operating system but when additional binaries are present the computer may require more than 2 0 MBytes RAM The HFS hierarchical file system binary can also be used to specify volumes and directories for saving program information The HP 85070 software will also run under the HP UX system with HP RMB UX BASIC language support Getting Started 2 19 2 HP BASIC IEEE 488 HP IB Interface Printers and Plotters Network Analyzer and Test Set Note 3 2 20 Getting Started The computer must have an HP IB interface to control the network An HP IB printer can be used to produce tabular listings of measurement results or printer facsimiles of graphed data A number of HP IB printers may operate properly with the software but have not been tested The following printer has been tested to insure compatibility with the program and is therefore recommended for use with the software a HP 2225A ThinkJet printer with HP IB interface option HP IB plotters can also be used to produce hardcopy graphs of the data A number of HP IB plotters may operate properly with the software but have n
85. moisture in raw grains Stan Stuchley U of Ottawa Canada He is an authority on dielectric measurements using coax open ended probe Gordon Kent Dielectric Lab Inc He invented novel cavity methods and simplified equations to measure dielectric properties of ceramic substrates Ordering Supplies 7 3 Software Reference Introduction This chapter details the operation of each menu command and entry parameter in the HP 85070 dielectric probe software There are eight menus in the software The menus are indexed in the order in which they appear left to right on the screen Setup selects the frequency range and linear or logarithmic frequency distribution It also allows you to save and recall test setups to disk Calibrate allows calibration of the measurement system In this menu you can enter the temperature of the water calibration standard and select the types of calibration standards desired M easure triggers a measurement and converts the measurement to complex permittivity for display In this menu you can also title the graphs and tabular listings of measurement data Format allows selection of graphical formats or tabular formats Display offers data manipulation choices transfer the current measurement data trace to any of three memory traces select which traces are displayed and specify a reference trace and complex math operations between the traces Scale lets you scale the data automatically or man
86. mum and Y minimum and X maximum for Cole Cole values for the data such that all data appears on screen and the scale factor Ymax Ymin lO is a multiple of 1 2 or 5 After the display is autoscaled the program returns to the main menu Set Scale Default Output Menu Note Y Output M enu Set scale presents a dialog box to enter new Y maximum and Y minimum and X maximum for Cole Cole as shown below values to scale the graph Note that the default values and autoscale function can also be selected from this dialog box al FBSD Setup Calibrate Measure Format Display Scale Output Help Fi Scale y Maximun Autoscale y Minimum fo Default x Maximun 3 000000000 GHz Figure 8 7 Set scale Dialog Box MS DOS Version Default returns the graph to the default scale defined in the software After the display is rescaled the program returns to the main menu The output menu presents these selections to display and move data m Print a Plot m Define plot a Save data Recall data MS DOS users to add or configure peripherals see Tips for Using Printers or Plotters under Microsoft Windows at the end of chapter 2 section 1 Software Reference 8 11 Output M enu Print Plot Define Plot Save data Note 8 12 Software Reference Print produces a hardcopy printout of the permittivity data in the current tabular display format This choice is pre
87. n a floppy or hard disk or typing commands at the DOS prompt Getting Started 2 1 1 MS DOS Be System Requirements Computer Software IEEE 488 HP IB Interface Printers and Plotters Network Analyzer and 2 2 Getting Started Test Set The system should use the computers software interfaces and printers and plotters mentioned below The system computer must be capable of running Microsoft Windows version 3 0 or 3 1 The HP Vectra has been checked and is recommended It must be configured with 4 MBytes minimum of RAM Random Access Memory High density double sided 3 5 inch flexible disk drive 20 MByte hard disk drive minimum EGA or VGA compatible graphics Microsoft Windows compatible pointing device a mouse Coprocessor recommended MS DOS disk operating system version 3 2 or higher Microsoft Windows version 3 0 or 3 1 NOT supplied by kit The system computer must have one of these software supported IEEE 488 interfaces to control the network analyzer HP 82335B HP IB Interface recommended National Instruments AT GPIB Interface a National Instruments GPIB II or GPIB IIA Interface The HP IB interface operates according to IEEE 488 1978 and IEC 625 standards and IEEE 728 1982 recommended practices Any printer or plotter that is supported by Microsoft Windows should be supported by the HP 85070 software Printers can be used to get tabular listings of measurement results or pr
88. nic dielectric loss in dielectric measurements does not mean true conduction movement of electrons dissipation factor usually measured for capacitors D tan 6 Debye functions simplified model to explain dielectric properties versus frequency assuming that a single rotational relaxation phenomenon is acting angle formed between the j axis and vector representing the sum of storage and loss vectors 6 is small nearly 0 for low loss materials and large up to about 45 for lossy materials see tan 6 used more often dielectric after effect polarization in a material lags behind the applied field in time modeled by relaxation process related to losses dielectric constant ratio of electric field storage capacity in a material to that of free space usually means real lossless case only Glossary 1 Help Menu Glossary 2 dielectric loss energy lost absorbed in material when applying an AC electric field may be due to ionic polar atomic or electronic mechanisms dipolar dielectric mechanism see rotational dipole structure where the net charge distribution can be represented by two equal and opposite charges separated by distance dispersion propogation characteristics change with frequency dissipation factor D ratio of energy lost to energy stored per cycle in a system same as tan 6 inverse of Q electronic dielectric mechanism resonant very weak at very high frequencies wher
89. odel for water does not include ionic effects for low frequency work the next calibration which substitutes a load for water is recommended Measurements of the short circuit and water are presented on the network analyzer relative to the air measurement divided by the complex Re Im to make it easy to see if good connections of the short circuit and water are being obtained Additionally the software mathematically checks the short circuit measurement at the lowest frequency to determine whether the connection is good If the software determines that the short circuit measurement may not be good it presents choices to continue after improving the connection or abort the calibration Load Air Short This choice substitutes a 50 ohm coaxial load for water When prompted connect the 50 ohm coaxial load standard directly to the end of the test cable without the probe The air and short circuit standards are measured with the probe connected to the test cable Measurements of the short circuit are presented on the network analyzer relative to the air measurement divided by the complex Re Im to make it easy to see whether the short circuit connection is good Additionally the software mathematically checks the short circuit measurement at the lowest frequency to determine whether the Refresh cal Calibrate M enu connection is good If the software determines that the short circuit measurement may not be good it presents
90. omatically Reference trace selects one of the four traces as the reference trace for the trace math function below Trace math is performed with the data trace and the reference trace based on the current display format Ifthe e format real part of permittivity is selected then the real parts of the two traces are either divided by or subtracted from each other This key selects one of two math operations Math off no trace math operations ref the ratio of the data trace and the reference trace For example if the data value is 3 and the reference value is 2 the ref value is 1 5 This operation should not be used when the reference value is at or near zero 0 ref the simple difference between the data and reference values For example if the data value is 3 and the reference value is 2 the ref value is 1 This operation retains the sign or The scale menu presents commands to select the maximum and minimum values for graphs The scale for each graph is recalled with that format Thus when the format is changed the scale returns to the settings last used in that format All graph formats have Y axis maximum and minimum values The Cole Cole format also has X axis values maximum is user definable minimum is always 0 The X axis values for the other graphs are set by the frequency range of the measurement Autoscale brings the permittivity data in view with one command The software selects Y maxi
91. ory 3 27 Measure Again and View Both Traces 3 27 Scale the Data 3 27 Output the Data asedio EH Oia 3 28 PlOUthe Data a gt ro aot Gwe Be Cae Ge Sa 3 28 Save the Measurement Datato Disk 3 28 Recall Data from Disk 4 3 28 Refr sh Gal aia Foe eos ae RR ae ee Sd A 3 29 Conclusi n owls ty sede esa St Se dee Sop ok 3 29 4 Advanced Measurement Techniques Introduction cd Ea e A a 4 4 1 Measurement Uncertainty 4 1 Typical Probe Accuracy a iaa 4 2 Network Analyzer Error Sources 4 2 Dielectric Error Sources sek oa oe Re as 4 2 Overall Measurement Accuracy gt s s sooo aa 4 3 The Merits of Relative Measurements 4 4 Importing Data for Uncertainty Calculations and Manipulation 6 ace le eas ogra Se el 4 4 Importing Data from the MS DOS Version into Lotus 1 2 3 Microsoft Excel or Word 4 4 Importing Data into Lotus 1 2 3 4 5 Lotus 1 2 3 Method I Importing Numbers without the Header e arta Beale de a aS we ee G 4 5 Lotus 1 2 3 Method II Two Imports and a Copy 4 5 1 Import the Text a a see ek eo SH 4 5 2 Import the Numbers 4 5 3 Erase the Excess Numbers 4 5 Contents 3 4 Parse the Column Headings 5 Move the Data Under the Headings 6 Discard the Last Line of Text Lotus 1 2 3 Method II One Import anda Parse 1 Import the Text
92. ot been tested The following plotters have been tested to insure compatibility with the program and are therefore recommended for use with the software a HP 7470A two pen graphics plotter with HP IB interface option HP 7475A two pen graphics plotter with HP IB interface option HP 7440A ColorPro eight pen plotter with HP IB interface option a HP 7550A graphics plotter The HP 85070 software is designed to work with the network analyzer configurations described below The default HP IB address is 16 m HP 8752A this network analyzer contains a reflection transmission test set as part of the analyzer No other instrumentation is needed to make measurements HP 8753A or B or C these network analyzers need one of the following companion test sets a HP 85044A reflection transmission test set a HP 85046A S parameter test set a HP 85047A S parameter test set HP 8719A or C HP 87204A B or C HP 8722A or C these network analyzers contain S parameter test sets as part of the analyzer No other instrumentation is needed to make measurements HP 8510B or C this network analyzer requires a companion test set and a source for operation with the software Frequency range is determined by the test set and source All test sets supported by the HP 8510 are supported by the software The source must be synthesizer based The HP 8340 HP 8341 or HP 8360 family sources are supported by the software HP 8510 firmware revision 5 0 or h
93. other way to choose a command is to use an accelerator key on the keyboard Accelerator keys are identified with a symbol on menus to the right of some of the commands To carry out a command with an accelerator key press the Ctrl control key simultaneously with the accelerator key 1 MS DOS Commands can also be carried out by pointing to the desired menu dragging the mouse downward to point to the desired command and then releasing the mouse button Save setup Recall setup 80 00 60 00 40 00 20 00 0 000 8 200000000 GHz 3 000000000 GHz Figure 2 7 Drop Down Menu and Highlighted Selected Command How to Use Dialog Boxes A dialog box is a request from the program for information required to carry out a command An ellipsis at the end of a command for example Set frequency indicates that a dialog box is presented when the command is selected Dialog boxes must be filled in or cancelled before proceeding with program operation Some dialog boxes require that you type in text others allow you to select options within the dialog box To exit a dialog box select one OK keeps all of the changes made in the dialog box B Cancel leaves the dialog box without changing anything Getting Started 2 11 1 MS DOS 2 12 Getting Started HP85070B al Setup Calibrate Measure Format Display Scale Output Open File Name 3 00000000
94. p mode supports these settings Start frequency Stop frequency Number of frequency points or Step frequency Logarithmic sweep mode supports these settings m Start frequency Stop frequency Number of frequency points must be a multiple of ten plus one see next paragraph The number of frequency points in log mode is restricted to for example 11 21 101 etc This restriction enables the software to evenly distribute the frequencies into ten different frequency list segments and operate the network analyzer in the frequency list mode The start of each frequency segment is distributed logarithmically The Set frequency dialog box is illustrated in chapter 3 Measurement Tutorial This command saves to disk a test setup file that includes the following Learn string of the network analyzer a full definition of the state settings of the analyzer Calibration error terms if a calibration is active w Software operating state consisting of a Displayed measurement traces o Frequency range a Format and scale of the current measurement a Calibration type and calibration standard models a Trace math information a Trace display information 0 Title information 0 Pen color information Test setup files can be saved to any disk drive and directory in the computer Use the drive icons and directory icons or the keyboard to enter the disk drive directory and filename of the setup a DOS
95. permittivity measure of effect a material has on electric fields ratio of flux over field phase angle see 0 phase defect angle see 6 polar having permanent electric dipoles polarize to align dipoles in electric field power factor sin 6 or cos 8 Q see quality factor quality factor ratio of energy stored to energy lost per cycle in a system inverse of tan 6 and D Glossary 3 H elp M enu Glossary 4 relative permittivity see er relaxation constant see 7 relaxation time see 7 relaxation wavelength free space wavelength corresponding to the frequency 1 7 restricted mobility dipoles dipoles such as H20 molecules which are bound to a host material and so are restricted in their ability to become oriented in an electric field rotational a dielectric mechanism relaxation fairly strong often lossy at moderate frequencies where permanent dipoles often entire molecules rotate to align with an electric field susceptor material that can respond to electro magnetic fields tan 6 ratio of er1 er indicates lossiness of material typically varies from about 1 5 high loss to 10 5 very low loss relaxation time constant for a simple substance the time it takes for l e of the constituent molecules to become aligned in response to an electric field 9 angle between real axis and vector representing sum of storage and loss vectors 6 90 6 Index 85070M
96. program point at the small box in the upper left hand corner of the display and click the main mouse button Now that you have installed the software and hardware loaded the program and learned the basic operator interface techniques you may be ready to make a measurement If you still need to install a printer or plotter continue with Tips for Using Printers and Plotters under Microsoft Windows Otherwise continue with section of the next chapter Measurement Tutorial The following information applies generally to any printer or plotter the term is used generically and any MS DOS personal computers running Microsoft Windows Therefore it does not give exact instructions but rather lists general issues that must be addressed to print successfully At best hooking up a printer to a computer is as simple as connecting the two with a cable However computers and printers are each designed for maximum flexibility so that each can be configured for a particular system or purpose Unfortunately this means that both must be configured correctly to communicate with each other Additionally in the context of the HP 85070 software probe kit the software Windows MS DOS logical and hardware ports a cable and the printer itself must all interact properly to achieve the desired results Once you have set up your system you will use only the interface of the HP 85070 software to measure materials and store or print the
97. program alter the system s AUTOEXEC BAT file so that Windows can be run from any directory in the system Getting Started 2 3 1 MS DOS HP 85070 Software Installation HP IB and GP IB Interface Card Installation Note y 2 4 Getting Started The HP 85070 software is provided on one floppy disk containing these files READ ME describes the files on the disk and the installation procedure repeated below HP85070 HP is the software program designed to operate with the HP 82335B interface a HPIB DLL is a second file a dynamic link library required for use with the above HP interface HP85070 NAT is the software program designed to operate with the National Instruments AT GPIB GPIB II and GPIB IIA interfaces a HPIBSTAT EXE is a software program designed to check the HP 82335B interface card and recommend the correct memory exclusion address You must copy one or two files to the hard disk for program operation To copy the file s from the floppy disk assumed to be system disk A to the hard disk assumed to be C follow these instructions 1 Insert the HP 85070 program disk in the floppy disk drive 2 On the hard disk make a directory dedicated for HP 85070 files At the DOS prompt type MKDIRC MATERIAL and press ENTER HP 82335B Interface Card Users continue with For HP 82335B Interface Card Systems next National Interface Card Users continue with For National Instrum
98. r Other Authors BP BASIC Error Messages ASTM Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity Dielectric Constant of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Standard D 150 87 American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia PA 19103 The US authority ontesting methods features great technical depth on parallel plate capacitor methods for low frequencies Richard G Geyer Electrodynamics of Materials for Dielectric Measurement Standardization proceedings of the IEEE IM TC January 1990 A review of measurement concerns standards and traceability with examples of state of the art measurements including NIST X band cavity and the first public reference to Baker Jarvis enhancement to S parameter technique Deepak K Ghodgaonkar et al Free Space Method for Measurement of Dielectric Constants and Loss Tangents at Microwave Frequencies IEEE Transactions on IM volume 37 number 3 June 1989 This describes the work at Penn State s Center for Engineering of Electronic Acoustic Materials The topic is the free space method using spot focusing antennas with an HP 8510B and TRL calibration Arthur R von Hippel ed Dielectric Materials and Applications MIT Press 1954 This book is over 35 years old but still the bible on dielectrics and measurements a good introduction to basics Stuart 0 Nelson US Department of Agriculture He has written many articles on microwave measurement of
99. r calibration the total measurement error would be the sum of the errors due to probe model accuracy typically about 2 to 5 air and water First compute Ds for air The only effect to consider is the probe model accuracy of about 3 Thus DSair 0 03 Next compute Ds for water The model is accurate to within about 1 and the probe model contributes another 3 The permittivity of water at 10 GHz and 25 C is 62 3 j 30 Erwarer is then SQRT 62 32 302 or 69 DSwater 03 01 69 2 8 Next find the sensitivities for the various permittivities at 10 GHz The values for Ssair SSwater and can be generated by first performing an air short water calibration After the calibration remeasure air and store the measurement data into a data file Remeasure water and store it into a data file Then measure PTFE and store it into a data file Finally refer to Accessing BASIC Data Files below and use a spreadsheet or the program listed to read the sensitivity numbers Insert those sensitivity numbers in equation 5 or 6 to calculate the uncertainty of the measured permittivity of the MUT Assume that the data files yield these sensitivity numbers Ssair 8 2 SSwater 223 Sm PTE 8 1 The worst case combination yields Eq 5 E 8 1 8 2 03 8 1 223 2 8 03 2 1 0 2 delta epsilon The RSS combination yields Eq 6 E SQRT 8 1 8 2 03 8 1 233 2 8 0 03 2 1 0 1 delta epsilon The delta epsilon
100. r measurement 1 6 supplies how to order 7 1 support rod l 4 sweep mode 8 2 system calibration MS DOS version 3 5 system check 6 1 system installation HP BASIC version 2 21 system requirements HP BASIC version 2 19 Index 5 Index 6 system requirements MS DOS version 2 2 Tabular Re amp Im format command 8 9 Tabular Re Y tan d format command 8 9 Title command 8 6 titling example HP BASIC version 3 26 trace defined HP BASIC version 2 25 trace definition 2 13 Trace math command 8 10 Traces displayed command 8 10 Trigger meas command 8 6 uncertainty in measurements 4 1 user defined cal 8 5 warning the warning symbol vi warranty v window defined 2 9 Windows primer 2 9 Windows required version 2 2 word processors importing data 4 8
101. r than accuracy Flatness 100 microinches typical over lapped surface Pressure 200 psi maximum Shock 1000 g s Chemical resistance Avoid chemicals that damage inconel stainless steel or glass lt GHz General Information 1 5 1 6 General Information Construction materials inconel stainless steel and glass Material under test assumptions Infinite in size Non magnetic u 1 Isotropic uniform orientation Homogeneous uniform composition Solids have a single smooth flat surface with gap free contact at the probe face Sample requirements Diameter gt 20 mm Thickness gt 20 lt mm VE Granule size lt 0 3 mm Maximum recommended E lt 100 Minimum recommended tan d gt 0 05 Practical frequency range accuracy and resolution depend on properties of the MUT Graphs indicate typical accuracy at 2343 C not including effects of probe contact and cable flexure If the material is not homogeneous the result is an average value weighted by the intensity of the E field which is highest at the center conductor of the probe tip Sample must be as flat as the probe face which is lapped to 100 pinches Measurement repeatability for granular materials is dependent on density variation Not recommended for low loss tan d lt 0 05 materials with Ey gt 5 Getting Started Introduction This chapter details system hardware and software requirements
102. remarks a Filenames are limited to eight characters a Filename default extension is TST BASIC remarks o Filenames are limited to ten characters a Filename default preface is S_ Recall setup Note w Calibrate Menu Calibrate with Deionized Water Perform cal Configure cal Calibrate M enu a Software supports full directory structure of the HFS hierarchical file system This command presents the recall setup dialog box below to recall from disk previously saved test setup files In DOS select drive icons for example A B and directory icons directory names presented in bold to find and select files In BASIC to change the disk drive type in a new mass storage specifier for example 700 1 HP85070 Data Recalled calibrations can be reused IF there have been no changes in the cabling of the probe or network analyzer But recalled calibrations should be validated before reuse To validate a recalled calibration before re using it measure a known standard air for example If the measurement is good you can re use the recalled calibration Otherwise recalibrate the system before making additonal measurements The calibrate menu is used to calibrate the measurement system The calibration process consists of measuring the probe in three well known dielectric environments These well known dielectric environments are referred to as calibration standards The default
103. results But now you must relate to other normally invisible parts of the system to set it up At this time Windows should have been installed on your computer by running a program named SETUP If you have not already installed Windows refer to section 1 of chapter 2 to do so For now skip the part of the SETUP program that installs printers by selecting continue Control Panel Settings Add New Printer 1 MS DOS Through the Windows control panel you can modify a number of printer parameters Run the control panel application It will let you install a driver for your printer Drivers are programs that translate pictorial information from an application running under Windows into commands a printer can understand Each different kind of printer has a separate driver designed for it Before actually running the control panel application consult your printer manual to determine the following Name and model number of printer exactly Connection type serial or parallel Handshake usually hardware For serial printers o Baud rate how fast it will accept information a Word length typically between 4 and 8 a Parity odd even or none a Stop bits usually between 1 and 2 To install a driver access the control panel and select the printer icon Refer to Windows documentation under Control Panel for details Documentation in the form of ASCII text files is often included on the disk containing the drivers
104. rinter computer at fault Non repeatable measurements may be the result of excess cable flexing poor or inconsistent contact of the MUT with the probe temperature variation between measurements Plotter won t plot See Printer won t print below Printer problems with MS DOS version have been solved by disabling the automatic spooler Do this 1 Edit the WIN INI file with EDLIN or other ASCII text editor 2 Find the line beginning with spooler near the top of the file 3 Change the line to spooler no Refer to Windows documentation for details Printer won t print Make sure the printer is plugged in and turned on With the HP BASIC version make sure the printer is connected to the computer and set to address 01 plotter address is 05 Probe version A can be used with the HP 85070B software To do so press P and make the selection Program won t run usually results from improper installation For the MS DOS version details appear in System Requirements in section of chapter 2 Considerations include the following In Case of Difficulty 5 1 Importing Data from HP BASIC 5 2 Before You Contact HP in Case of Difficulty Minimum amount of RAM Type of flexible disk drive Size of hard disk drive Graphics requirements Required MS DOS and Windows versions For the HP BASIC version details appear in System Requirements in section 2 of chapter 2 Considerations include the
105. s and Test Fixtures selection guide part number 5952 1430 January 1990 Using the HP 16451B Dielectric Test Fixture application note 380 1 part number 5950 2390 October 1989 a Characteristic Impedance Measurement of PC Board Circuit Patterns application note 339 2 part number 5950 2908 June 1986 a Measuring the Dielectric Constant of Solid Materials application note 339 13 part number 5950 2935 December 1987 a Measuring the Dielectric Constant of Solids with the HP 8510 Network Analyzer product note 8510 3 part number 5954 1535 August 1985 Measuring Complex Permittivity and Permeability at RF and Microwave Frequencies RF amp Microwave Symposium paper September 1989 available from Network Measurements Division Santa Rosa CA To obtain copies of these papers contact the organization or publisher listed a M Afsar et al Measurement of the Properties of Materials proceedings of the IEEE volume 74 number 1 January 1986 This is an excellent short survey of many methods across wide frequency range With its 187 references it is a good starting point for beginners a H M Altschuler Dielectric Constant chapter 9 of Handbook of Microwave Measurements by M Sucher and J Fox Wiley 1963 This is a good technical reference covering high frequency techniques It contains detailed procedures and equations but using slotted line instead of a network analyze
106. s time your system should be displaying the main menu above If you need help to display the main menu refer to chapter 2 Getting Started 1 MS DOS Set Up the Measurement Recall setup R gas sense e 0 060 j 0 200000000 GHz 3 000000000 GHz Figure 3 2 Setup Menu 1 Click on Setup in the main menu The program displays the menu above 2 Click on Set frequency in the setup menu It displays the dialog box below a HP85070B Setup Calibrate Measure Format Display Scale Output Help FT d Ok s mode Start freq 0 200090000 z Sweep mo a Stop freq 3 000900008 E O MHz Freqstep 0 056000000 Guz E Num pts 0 200800000 GHz 3 000000000 GHz Figure 3 3 Set Frequency Dialog Box Change Start Frequency to 0 6 GHz 1 Move the pointer to the text box just to the right of Start Freq 2 Click drag right release a Click at the far left end of the text box Measurement Tutorial 3 3 1 MS DOS 3 4 Measurement Tutorial Note b Drag across to the far right end of the text box c Release the mouse button to highlight the entire current entry 3 Type in 0 6 4 Do NOT press or yet Change Stop Frequency to 2 9 GHz 1 Move the pointer to the right of Stop keq 2 Click drag and release as above 3 Type in 2 9 Change Num Pts to 51 1 Move the pointer to the right of Num pts 2 Click drag and release as above 3
107. section provides a step by step guided example of a calibration and measurement sequence with the HP 85070 software Use the instructions in the previous chapter Getting Started to load BASIC load and run the software program and advance to the main menu screen This tutorial uses a 91 ethanol grain alcohol and 9 water mixture by volume as the MUT material under test Select menus with the lobeied softkeys User Running Figure 3 21 HP BASIC Version of Main M enu The figure above shows the instrument display and the softkeys Each softkey corresponds to one of the eight menus in the software They appear from left to right in the order in which they are typically used setup calibrate measure etc Making a Measurement Set Up the Measurement The first step in making a measurement is setting up the system in terms of these parameters a Frequency a start and stop frequency Frequency step or number of points Sweep mode 1 Press the Setup softkey in the main menu shown above The program displays these choices Setup M enu Set frequency Save setup Recall setup 2 If the pointer is not next to Set frequency use the up or down arrow keys 3 Press to display the set frequency menu If your keyboard has an key instead RETURN use it instead of RETURN Measurement Tutorial 3 19 2 HP BASIC Note Y Calibrating the System 3 20 Measurem
108. sented only when the current display format is tabular Plot produces a hardcopy plot of the permittivity data in the current display format The hardcopy plot is the same as the current program display Plot is presented as a choice only when the current display format is graphical Hardcopy plots can be directed to printers that support graphics printing modes Define plot changes the settings of the hardcopy plotter In the MS DOS version of the program selecting this command brings up the dialog box shown below Bu a m i E SMPBSO7OB a H col Setup Calibrate Measure Format Display Scale Output Help F Configure plotter T Colors O Black 0 Aqua O Green 0 Orange B Grid O Data U Memory 1 O Yellow Violet D Memory 2 Biue 0 Brown O Memory 3 O Red 0 None Plotting device Figure 8 8 Define Plot Dialog Box MS DOS Version Save data presents a dialog box to specify the file to save measurement data for future analysis The file includes these items Data trace Sensitivity of the data trace to the reflection coefficient measurement Number of frequencies of the data trace The data file does not include the data of memory 1 2 or 3 To save memory traces use Memory to data in the display menu Data files are stored in an ASCII format compatible with Lotus 1 2 3 The Lotus program can import the data file directly in spreadsheet form for further analysis details in chapter
109. set the analyzer to sweep from its lowest to highest frequency 5 Set the analyzer to polar format and turn on a marker Set the marker to the lowest frequency 6 Store the active trace in memory on most analyzers press Display Data gt Memory 7 Divide the data by memory to normalize the data on most analyzers press Data Memory If all of the connections are tight and the probe is OK the network analyzer display should resemble the figure below Procedure Operator s Check 6 1 HP BASIC Error M essages Figure 6 l Normalized Measurement of Air There should be a small dot the trace on the right edge of the polar chart A blurry or elongated dot indicates that the connections or the probe are not stable In this case remedy the situation before proceeding 8 Attach the short circuit to the probe a Back out the knurled screw by turning it counterclockwise until it stops b Slide the short onto the probe c Tighten the knurled screw until the short makes good contact with the probe Su S Figure 6 2 Attaching Short to Probe 9 Observe the trace on the network analyzer display It should look like the figure below concentrated at the far left side of the Smith chart It will not be as small a dot as the one you just observed on the right edge Nonetheless such a trace indicates that the probe short circuit and network analyzer are operating as designed 6 2 Operator s Check HP BASIC Error
110. sopropyl Measurement 3 12 3 15 Format Menu aa a a4 A Ker es he a 3 13 3 16 Example of Tabular Re amp Im Format 3 13 3 17 Display Menu ala wm ee a A 3 14 3 18 Simultaneous Display of Two Traces 3 15 3 19 Scale Men eco tra ld oh e 4 3 15 3 20 Output Menu es o e dr a 3 16 3 21 HP BASIC Version of Main Menu 3 19 3 22 Cable Stablized by Probe Stand 3 21 3 23 Attaching Short to Probe 3 21 3 24 Network Analyzer Display of Short Circuit to 2 9 GHz 3 22 3 25 Network Analyzer Display of Short Circuit to 20 GHz 3 23 Contents 6 3 26 Network Analyzer Display of Deionized Water During Calib ation 2 e a arte al Qo 3 24 3 27 Calibrated Measurement of 91 Isopropyl Alcohol SOMOS 414 802 aw soe nea BY Bo ey 3 25 3 28 Default Computer Display of Isopropyl Alcohol Measurement ica a eid a ks a a Nees 3 26 3 29 HP BASIC Display of Two Traces sw ww we eee 3 27 4 1 Typical Accuracy versus Frequency for e 2 5 20 5080 2 4 Bek se Ege Bh o ae a eS 4 2 4 2 Relative Measurements 4 4 6 1 Normalized Measurement of Air 6 2 6 2 Attaching Short to Probe 6 2 6 3 Network Analyzer Trace of Good Short Circuit to 20 GAZ ari a Bi WES BAe o ee libr 6 3 8 1 Configure Cal Dialog Box MS DOS Version 8 4 8 2 Title Entry Box MS DOS Version 8 7 8 3 Water Measurement in en Format 8 8 8 4
111. specifiers and the COPY command Hardware Installation Connect the computer network analyzer cable remote switch probe and peripherals as shown below For HP 8753 systems refer to the network analyzer documentation to connect the test set For HP 8510 systems refer to the network analyzer documentation to connect the test set and source Getting Started 2 21 2 HP BASIC Table 2 3 Adapters Required for Various Network Analyzers and Test Set HP 8752A HP 8753A B C HP 85044A HP 85046A HP 85047A HP 8719A C HP 8720 B C HP 8722A HP 8510B C HP 85148 HP 8515B HP 8516A HP 8517A Network Analyzer Adapter for Use with 8120 6192 Cable Type N m to 3 5mm m 7mm to 3 5mm m 7mm to 3 5mm m 7mm to 3 5mm m Direct Direct 2 4mm f to 3 5mm m Direct Direct 2 4mm f to 3 5mm m 2 4mm f to 3 5mm m 1 Order separately model number 11901D Note I Cable stability is crucial to accurate repeatable measurements Use E the probe stand and mounting bracket to prevent the cable from moving after calibration REMOTE SWITCH Figure 2 11 Connection Diagram for HP 8720 based System The connections for an HP 8720 based system are shown above Other systems are similar Follow these suggestions 2 22 Getting Started Starting the HP 85070 Software 2 HP BASIC Computer system connect keyboard mouse etc with instructions provided Printer or plotter
112. t boxes Select menu of interest left box Select command of interest Select OK to read help description Use scroll bar to see additional items Software Reference 8 13 Help Menu 8 14 Software Reference 50700 fo B Setup Calibrate Measure Format Display Scale Outpu Calibration types Cable stability Materials Calculation sensitivity 0 000300000 GHz 3 000000080 GHz Figure S 9 Help Screen MS DOS Version BASIC remarks Select Help to display menu list Select a menu to display summary of commands in menu m More Help returns to the beginning of help Leave Help exits help screen Exit returns to main menu and instrument display Glossary The following entries are defined in terns of material measurements with the HP 85070 software absorption to take in electro magnetic energy usually as heat absorption bands distinct frequency bands at which electro magnetic energy is strongly coupled into a material and absorbed AC loss dielectric loss as D for capacitors but excluding DC leakage bound water water that is ionically attached to a host material and so is restricted in its freedom to align with an electric field Cole Cole plot data format with en on vertical axis and e on horizontal axis with frequency as the independent parameter not displayed lossy materials with relaxation mechanisms follow a semi circle on these plots conductivity usually io
113. te Measure Format Display Scale Output Help F Start freq Oz Sweep mode 0 1 Stop freq 3 000000000 Freq step 0 056000000 Num pts 0 200000008 GHz 3 000000000 GHz Figure 2 9 The Dialog Box and Types of Controls The HP 85070 dielectric probe software program is a Windows application program The techniques for using the HP 85070 software are the same as the techniques used for running other Windows application programs The HP 85070 display window and its components are shown below DATA TRACE Figure 2 10 Principal Components of the Software Screen The instrument display is always present in the window Most of the time the instrument display presents measurement data as a graph However the data can also be presented as a tabular listing These terms define components of the instrument display Grid is composed of the x axis and y axis lines on which the data is plotted Traces are graphs of measurement data They are the measured values of permittivity plotted on the grid Getting Started 2 13 1 MS DOS Conclusion Tips for Using Printers and Plotters under Microsoft Windows Software Setting Up Windows 2 14 Getting Started Annotation is the text on the instrument display which describes the frequency range of the measurement the permittivity of the MUT the format of the display the scaling of the display and any display titles H ow to Exit the Program To exit the
114. ted on the dielectric probe software box and resembles the figure below Kit serial number prefix 3033A and above Software revision 1 O MS DOS version Microsoft Windows 3 0 or 3 1 HP BASIC version BASIC 5 0 or higher SER 12344 12345 INSTALLED OPTIONS Qi er Paca J MADE IN U S A Figure 1 2 Typical Serial Number Plate Description of the Dielectric Probe Kit Options 14 General Information Two versions of the software allow use of either HP Vectra or HP 9000 series 300 computers The MS DOS version of the software standard features the clean look of the Windows environment This version is for the HP Vectra PC It uses a mouse for most commands and entries It is not user modifiable The HP BASIC version of the software option 300 is for the HP 9000 series 300 or HP Vectra PC with BASIC processor The user interface portion of the source code may be customized for your individual application It uses softkey menus for most commands and entries For part numbers of options see Table 7 1 in Ordering Supplies 001 Probe Stand 24 inch high 1 2 inch diameter metal support rod with 13x7 inch porcelain base 002 High Temperature Cable 1 meter long semi rigid high temperature 40 to 200 C cable with SMA f to SMA f connectors 300 HP BASIC Software for use with HP BASIC computer systems HP 85070M Dielectric Measurement System Software Features New Features of this This f
115. th a cursor arrow pointing to one of the commands in the menu To choose a command use the UP DOWN cursor arrow keys to point the cursor arrow to the desired command Then press or to select that command Some commands take immediate action for example the autoscale command Other commands require additional keyboard input Those commands present a menu of selections How to Make Menu Selections Use the UP DOWN arrow keys to point to the entry parameter or choice Then press or ENTER If the choice requires keyboard entry frequency entry Y axis scale entry etc the software displays a prompt for input The softkeys are labeled with terminator units for the input GHz MHz for 2 HP BASIC frequency entry etc Type the desired response to the prompt on the keyboard and use the appropriate softkey to terminate the entry To finish the selection press one OK to keep all of the new entries Cancel to leave the old entries unchanged Set_ frequency Menu gt stort trequency 3 CH Stop treavency 20 CH Stoo treqvency 39 CH Use the cursor keys to point to menu choke Use the RETURN key ta mote meru choice Select onother Menu with the labeled aoitxeys EEES ORO Figure 2 14 Sample Menu Selections HP 85070 HP BASIC The HP 85070 display window and its components are shown below Software Fundamentals INSTRUMENT DISPLAY Use the cursor keys to point to mony e Use the RETURN key to mak
116. to configure 2 18 printers compatible with MS DOS version 2 2 printer settings 2 18 printer tips MS DOS version 2 14 probe accuracy typical 4 2 probe cable high temperature 1 4 probe characteristics 1 5 probe specs 1 5 probe stand 1 4 problems and solutions 5 1 program running the 2 7 R Recall data command 8 13 Recall setup command 8 3 receiving kit check 6 1 recommended plotters HP BASIC version 2 20 recommended printers HP BASIC version 2 20 recommended test equipment none 1 5 Reference trace command 8 10 Refresh cal command 8 5 refresh standard 8 5 relative measurements merits of 4 4 replaceable parts by part number 7 1 requirements of samples 1 6 S safety 1 1 safety symbols vi sample requirements 1 6 Save data command 8 12 Save setup command 8 2 save setup file example MS DOS version 3 8 scale menu 8 10 sensitivity numbers 4 1 serial numbers covered by manual 1 4 Set Frequency command 8 1 Set scale command 8 11 setup menu 8 1 softkeys defined HP BASIC version 2 24 software features 1 5 software features new 1 5 software fundamentals HP BASIC version 2 25 software product license agreement v software reference 8 1 software versions the two compared 1 4 solutions to common problems 5 1 specifications of probe 1 5 starting the software 2 7 starting the software HP BASIC version 2 23 suitable samples fo
117. twork Analyzer Display of Short Circuit to 2 9 GHz 3 Select the OK command from the computer or network analyzer Note high frequency up to 20 GHz measurement traces are less tightly clustered as shown below 2 HP BASIC CH S M 1 JFS Connect the metci ls te the probe START 2 050 000 OOC GHz STOP 20 000 ccc 030 Gz Figure 3 25 Network Analyzer Display of Short Circuit to 20 GHz Measure Water Third Standard 1 Measure the temperature of a vial of deionized water with a thermometer It should be 25 C 2 Immerse the probe in the water by moving the water to the probe The network analyzer display should appear as below Measurement Tutorial 3 23 2 HP BASIC Note Y Note u 3 24 Measurement Tutorial CH S M 1 U FS Piece probe tip i START C 600 000 200 GHz STOP 2 900 OGC COO rz Figure 3 26 Network Analyzer Display of Deionized W ater D uring Calibration 3 Select OK 4 Press No do not save the setup file to disk now 5 Remove the probe from the water and dry it See Calibrate with Deionized Water in chapter 8 Software Reference to learn more about calibration considerations Save the Setup File The setup file consists of the network analyzer learn string calibration error terms and the software operating state To save the setup file 1 Select Save setup in the setup menu 2 Enter a filename 3 Select OK To learn more about sa
118. ually Output permits hardcopy plots of graphs and prints of data tables This menu also lets you save and recall measurement data to and from disk Help is an indexed summary of the function of all commands Setup Menu Set Frequency The setup menu sets frequency parameters and saves and recalls test setups to disk It includes these commands The Set frequency command is used to select the frequency parameters of the system for calibration and measurement Frequency range can be defined in two ways Start frequency to stop frequency with a number of frequencies For example a range from 2 0 to 7 0 GHz with 51 points would result in measurements being taken between 2 0 and 7 0 GHz at every 0 1 GHz inteval Start frequency to stop frequency with a step frequency For example a range from 10 0 to 18 0 GHz with 1 0 GHz steps would result in measurements being taken between 10 0 and 18 0 GHz at 9 equally spaced points The software allows either step frequency or number of frequencies to be entered for linear frequency sweep mode measurements If both Software Reference 8 1 Setup M enu Note y Save Setup 8 2 Software Reference the number of frequencies and the step frequency are entered the number of frequencies will take precedence Sweep Mode The program makes measurements over the specified frequency range by distibuting the frequencies in either a linear or logarithmic fashion Linear swee
119. ully configured system includes the dielectric probe kit a 3 GHz network analyzer pre configured computer with HP IB interface and software printer high temperature cable and accessories O ption 1FF deletes HP Vectra PC Option 020 substitutes a higher frequency 20 GHz network analyzer Completely controls the network analyzer Guides you through calibration and measurement a Automatically computes permittivity eN m Offers a variety of data formats and displays Expanded temperature range see Probe Characteristics below Revision y Refresh cal provides corrected measurements over a wide temperature range see chapter 8 Software Reference for details a More resistant to corrosive and abrasive chemicals rr Equipment The equipment required to operate a dielectric measurement system is Required detailed in chapter 2 Getting Started Recommended Test Neither the probe nor the software have any adjustments or Equipment repairable parts so test equipment is required for the other system instruments only Refer to the appropriate manuals for recommended test equipment Probe Frequency range Characteristics Probe 200 MHz to 20 GHz nominal Maximum limited by MUT properties 110 VET Temperature Range 40 C to 200 C Rate lt 10 C per minute Accuracy typical Dielectric constant E 5 Loss tangent tan d e E 0 05 Repeatibility and resolution typical Two to four times bette
120. ving the test setup to disk see Save Setup in chapter 8 Software Reference Measuring a Sample Material 2 HP BASIC Remeasure Water to Check the Cal To confirm that the measurement calibration is good remeasure the deionized water when the program displays the main menu 1 Immerse the probe in water 2 Select Measure in the main menu The program displays these choices M easure M enu Trigger meas Arm external trig Title 3 Select the Trigger Meas command with the arrow keys and RETURN The program makes the measurement calculates the complex permittivity er and ev and displays the results For this example the material under test is a solution of 91 isopropyl alcohol 9 water by volume 1 Immerse the probe in the MUT The network analyzer display should look like the one below Figure 3 27 Calibrated Measurement of 91 Isopropyl Alcohol Solution 2 Select Measure in the main menu 3 Select the Trigger Meas command with the arrow keys and RETURN The program makes the measurement calculates the complex permittivity er and en and displays the results as shown below Measurement Tutorial 3 25 2 HP BASIC Frequency Figure 3 28 Default Computer Display of Isopropyl Alcohol M easurement Title the Measurement 1 Select Measure in the main menu 2 Select Title in the measure menu 3 Type example 4 Select OK The title is not visible now Note
121. w to use 2 11 difficulty in case of 5 1 disk operating system MS DOS required version 2 2 display menu 8 9 drivers for printers 2 15 drop down menus how to use 2 10 el format command 8 8 er format command 8 8 error messages HP BASIC version 5 5 error messages MS DOS version 5 3 error sources dielectric 4 2 error sources in measurements 4 1 error sources network analyzer 4 2 example MUT noted 3 1 example of cal check MS DOS version 3 9 example of checking the calibration HP BASIC version 3 24 example of displaying data HP BASIC version 3 27 example of displaying data MS DOS version 3 14 example of formatting data HP BASIC version 3 26 example of formatting data MS DOS version 3 12 example of making a measurement HP BASIC version 3 19 example of measurement HP BASIC version 3 25 example of measurement MS DOS version 3 10 example of outputting data HP BASIC version 3 28 example of outputting data MS DOS version 3 16 example of plotting data MS DOS version 3 16 example ofrecalling data from disk HP BASIC version 3 28 example of recalling data from disk MS DOS version 3 17 example of saving data to disk HP BASIC version 3 28 example of saving data to disk MS DOS version 3 17 example of saving data to memory HP BASIC version 3 27 example of saving setup file HP BASIC version 3 24 example of scaling data HP BASIC version 3 27 example of scaling data MS DOS version 3
122. warranty claim not later than thirty 30 days after the expiration of the warranty period Limitation of Warranty Hewlett Packard makes no other express warranty whether written or oral with respect to this product Any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness is limited to the 1 year duration of this written warranty This warranty gives specific legal rights and Customer may also have other rights which vary from state to state or province to province Exclusive R emedies The remedies provided above are Customer s sole and exclusive remedies In no event shall Hewlett Packard be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequential damages including lost profit whether based on warranty contract tort or any other legal theory Warranty Service Warranty service may be obtained from the nearest Hewlett Packard sales office or other location indicated in the owner s manual or service booklet Safety Notes vi Caution Warning The following safety notes are used throughout this manual Familiarize yourself with each of the symbols and its meaning before operating this instrument The caution note denotes a hazard It calls attention to a procedure which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to or destruction of the instrument Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met The warning note denot
123. y 1 and OK to save the current measurement data as memory trace 1 Measure Again and View Both Traces 1 Immerse the probe in tap water 2 Click Trigger Measurement in the measure menu 3 Dry off the probe Note that the data trace is erased and replaced by the new measurement Note too that both the data trace and trace 1 are visible as illustrated by the figure below They are identified to the right of the display as lt D and lt 1 1 MS DOS 02 19 93 11 38 05 0 500800000 GHz 2 900000000 GHz Figure 3 18 Simultaneous Display of Two Traces Note To learn more about comparing traces mathematically see Display a Menu in chapter 8 Software Reference Scale the Data To change the scale of the software display 1 Click on Scale in the main menu The program displays the menu below 02719793 11 38 05 0 600000000 GHz 2 900000000 GHz Figure 3 19 Scale M enu Measurement Tutorial 3 15 1 MS DOS 2 Click on Autoscale in the scale menu The software sets the minimum and maximum values on the Y axis based on the range of the measurement data Data that is already optimally scaled is not resealed Note f To learn more about scaling see Scale Menu in chapter 8 Software 3 Reference Output the Data The software supports outputting data to printers plotters and disk drives and inputting data from disk drives
124. y moving the water to the probe The network analyzer display should appear as shown below Measurement Tutorial 3 7 1 MS DOS Note Note 3 8 Measurement Tutorial CH S 1 M 1 U FS Piece probe tip START c 600 000 J00 GHz STOP 2 9000 c ec GCOOGH2 Figure 3 10 Network Analyzer Display of Deionized W ater During Calibration 3 Click on OK 4 Remove the probe from the water 5 Dry the probe To learn more about calibration considerations see Calibrate with Deionized Water in chapter 8 Software Reference Save the Setup File The setup file consists of the network analyzer learn string calibration error terms and the software operating state To save the setup file 1 Click on Yes at the query to save the setup file to disk 2 Enter a filename 3 Click on Save 4 Enter additional information in the box as desired The title and information may not appear on the computer screen until you make a measurement 5 Click on OK To learn more about saving setup files see Save setup in chapter 8 Software Reference 1 MS DOS Remeasure Water to Check the Cal To confirm that the measurement calibration is good remeasure the deionized water when the program displays the main menu 1 Immerse the probe in the water 2 Click on Measure in the main menu The software displays the menu below PBSNT 5 Setup Calibrate Format Display Sca
125. you are terminating the entry with the desired terminator GHz or MHz Entered frequency below network analyzer source range The frequency entry is outside the range of the network analyzer source Enter the value again and make sure that you are terminating the entry with the desired terminator GHz or MHz File Filename already exists Do you wish to overwrite it An attempt was made to save a file on disk when a file with the same name already exists Press the OK softkey to replace the old file press the Cancel softkey to abort the save process then use a different filename Mass storage medium overflow no space left on disk There is not enough space on disk to save the file Insert another initialized disk and press Try Again or press Exit to abort Maximum string length of entry is xx characters The string entry filename display title has exceeded the maximum length allowed The software will present this message After any key is pressed the string will be presented again Use the back space key or left arrow key to delete characters M edia is not in drive The software can find the disk drive but a disk is not in the drive Put the disk in and press Try Again or press Exit to abort the process M edia is not initialized An attempt was made to save or recall a file from an uninitialized disk Only disks which have been initialized with the BASIC operating system can be used This initialization must be done

HP 85070B Dielectric Probe Kit User`s Manual

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents