SFM1 Sap Flow Meter Quick Start Guide
Contents
1. Thumbs db Delete Bi Desktop Rename My Documents 3 Cancel My Computer e File name SFM1C324 bi Show this dialog after each download i My Network Save as type All files I ICT International nmr Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 43 A 2GB Micro SD card has the capacity to store approx 443 years worth of data when recorded in Sap Flow mode Therefore it is not necessary to delete the data file from the SD card Instead it can be renamed and forms an off site backup should your computer hard drive fail When renaming the data file it is recommended to rename the file extension using numbers e g 001 002 003 each numerical increment designates the chronological downloading of the instrument and these files can be reloaded into SFT and stitched together to recover the lost data A list of the data files stored on the MicroSD card can be viewed by toggling the Show List Hide List icon on the SD Card tab File Rename Enter new filename and extension Filename must be 8 chracters or less extension must be 3 characters Raila E xt SFMIC704 002 OK m ICI Stem Psychrometer ConnecttoPSY Disconnect from PSY New Data Measurement Protocols Calibration SD Card PC Logging x Update Instrument Information n Filename SD CARD SN OK Download Dat Bales I ti PSYA201 001 Serial Number PS 0A201 reveal ae APP Ver Rl 4 2 COM Ver R1 3 0G Externa2. detected by the computer as with any USB device Double click the SFM1 icon on the Desktop to open the software SN OM NS Double Click the SFM1 Icon USB Cable INTERNATIONAL I ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 16 6 1 2 Software Procedure Step 1 Click the icon Connect to SFM1 then click Find Devices to search for the instrument and select the named instrument from the Available Devices within the Device Selection Window Click the icon Connect to SFM ale LOT INTERNATIONAL HEAT RATIO METHOD SAP FLOW METER Product Version 2 0 4 7 Release Date 16 03 2012 Not Connected Not Connected Please select a device I ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 17 6 1 3 Software Procedure Step 2 m Device Selection Available Devices Device Name Seral Humber COM Port No compatible devices found Show All Ports Remember Devices M D A You must first choose the connection type USB then Click Find Devices to search for the instrument I SO ICT International mcr Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 18 6 1 4 Software Procedure Step 3 You must click on device and highlight m Device Seleci ion Sele Available Devices De ac am ICT HAM SENSOR INTERFACE SFMIC 02 Senal Humber COM Fort COMS Show Al
3. 38 12 7 Grease Needles Prior to inserting the needles it is advised to use a small amount of silicon vacuum grease to aid both installation and removal of the needles This will improve the thermal coupling of the needle to the stem and also minimise the cementing action of sap and gums produced by the tree in response to wounding around the invasive holes drilled into the sap wood This will be of significant benefit when it comes time for un installation ICT International poe Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 39 12 8 Insert Needles and attach SFM1 to Tree If all three holes are satisfactory and the needles greased and spacers fitted if necessary now insert the needles Begin by inserting the top needle first then heater and finally the lower needle You should only require light finger pressure to insert the needles into the drill holes WARNING NEVER use a hammer or heavy object to hammer the needles into place This will damage the needles Slot the mounting bracket into the custom mounting slots on the back of the SFM 1 to attach the instrument to the tree Position the instrument so that a gentle curve in the cable of the measurement needles is created to take the strain off the cables Then fix the mounting bracket in place The bracket provides many options such as a 25 mm long flat head nail on either side hammered into the sap wood of the tree Alternatively a tie down strap and buckle can be
4. Software Procedure Step 22 ccccccccccccccsececceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeees 18 G14 Software Procedure Step 32x cxsicscsanselvcecadlancesensinsasyenseansisubaceddovedepenteecesacncwons 19 6 2 Alternatively if you are using an MCC1 wireless Radio Modem 20 6 2 1 Connecting the Wireless Hardware via a USB Cable ccceeeees 20 6 2 2 Software Procedure Step Lro cccccccccccccsccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeesseeeeeeegs 21 62 3 SOllware Procedure SIED 2 rrenesro i ae n EE 23 7 Instr ment Intorma tiO sessccesccssecsesesacacendsasesvnssvesiscssocenassvsestsveosdsecseceseneses 24 8 DOC Dab Qe TMC a vevenasesessvosbucedaseosidvovesessa lt cascsasebers 25 9 Set LOSING OPUOINS sasinen oea 26 o POD SOIC Oe E E E E AE 26 92 Calculated A CSUN sunctssrrnascusocecdatoaccadeanutamissuacsssondeseinnaespesustispsastentncmnssineusts 26 9 3 Power Management ccccccccsssssssssececceceeeeeeeeesseeeeceeeeeeaasseseeeceeeeeeeeeaas 26 OA Kaw lempara Mode socere ne E N 27 INTERNATIONAL ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 2 10 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 11 11 1 11 2 11 3 11 4 11 5 11 6 led 12 12 1 pA 12 3 12 4 12 5 12 6 t2 12 8 12 9 12 10 13 13 1 13 2 14 15 16 2 Set the Measurement Contr ol ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccees 28 Needle Temperature M006 sicesdiscscckiuisavastevicecenencdieacdeiendsestocest
5. a cordless drill that has a high rotational speed Revolutions Per Minute RPM so that you get a good clean cutting action Note A Dremel cordless drill 1s recommended as it has a long life Lithium Ion battery for long field use and does not have a large heavy battery located in the handle which will act as a counter weight and cause you to unconsciously drag the drill down while drilling causing the holes to diverge from parallel Typically after which you realise and make a rapid overcorrection resulting in the drill bit breaking off in the tree Only drill short increments on each pass Within only 1 2 mm depth of drilling the flutes of the drill will fill with fibres and require cleaning Choosing to continue to drill with the flutes full of fibres causes friction this generates heat As the drill bits are very thin diameters heating of the drill bit will result in a loss of mechanical strength and allow the drill bit to wander through the sap wood finding the path of least resistance At this point you are no longer drilling a hole with any control or direction You are now effectively using a blunt nail Please refer to the installation video for correct technique 12 5 Check the holes are Parallel After drilling all three holes remove the drill guide and check the installation to see if the three holes are aligned axially and parallel This can be done by inserting three drill bits into the holes and inspecting them visually
6. a maximum of 15mm from the end of the cable External power options 1 12V Solar panel only 2 12V Solar panel and battery 3 12V DC power supply Pull the cable back so only that the stripped wires protrude Connect the power cable to the from the ICT bus plug external power source ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 8 3 1 2 Shared Power Supply for Multiple Instruments Unused Bus plugs MUST have the plug sealing cap installed to prevent water from entering the device Power can be daisy chained from either end of the device to connect power to other devices Positive cable inserts on the left Negative cable inserts on the right External power options s ONTOS 1 12V Solar panel only 2 12V Solar panel and battery 3 12V DC power supply External power can be connected radially from a central distribution hub Alternatively the external power can be connected directly to a single unit AS a E E ee E E SEEE E BEII External power source must be able to supply a minimum of 200mA per device connected to the bus ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 9 3 1 3 Connecting Power Directly via Solar Panel Note The SFM1 Sap Flow Meter is non polarized Solar Panel I ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitori
7. are accessed via commands menu along the top menu bar of the SFM1 software The date and time can be automatically set to the date amp time of the computer the SFM is connected to by selecting the option Update Computer Time An alternative option is provided to update the instrument to a user defined time This is very important as Sap Flow Meters are often deployed in regions distant to your usual office or time zone The day month and year can be set by clicking on the cell and using the arrows to scroll to the required values This is the same for both hours and minutes Alternatively you can type the value directly into each cell Then click update and the new date amp time will be saved to the real time clock of the SFM1 s microprocessor Select Date and Time to Update Sel File Commands Help Connect to SFM M n Choose the time and date gt Connect to SFM SFM Correct Update Computer Time Update User Time Tet a7 UNG 71072012 14 18 lt SD Logging Options Show Thermistor Calibration Reset Hidden Delete Rename Dialog nload Data Web Update Options Upstream AN ICT International Eana Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 25 9 Set Logging Options 9 1 Probe Selection The SFM1 can be configured to measure both Inner amp Outer radial measurement points needle or either the Inner or the Outer measurement point independently of the other
8. hand side to clear the field and begin typing Then click the update sensor information icon to save the change r TE a Se File Commands Help Connectto SFM Disconnect from SFM Power Down SFM Instrument Information Instrument Information SFM Comrections Reports SD Card PC Logging mame __Euthy Dwa ewon G b Name Eucky Dwarf leucoxylon f Outer inner Themistor i Comment L Tamworth Northern Aspect Downstream Prhe deg C deg A Update sensor informaton Comment Sae Sk Oars Outer Themstor Inner Thermistor Upetieain Probe deg C deg C i Serial Number SFM1C702 APP Ver R164 COMVer R238 External Supply USB Charging Internal batte ry 4 17V Statue idle Measurement Control Measurement Status J Measurement Stopped 3 Measurement Mode 5D CARD 30mn Next Measurement in 27 00 l Reporting antion gt Stat Blesatnemsert Pulse Fnergy Sap Row Mode 20 Joule pulsc Update pulse eneray Serial Number i I ae WARNING DO NOT i SFM1C 02 UL HEN NEEDLES ARE IN AIR cur capy m cpana APP Ver R1 6 4 COM Ver R2 3 8 External Supply USB Charging Internal Battery 4 1 7 V Status idle Connected to ICT SFM Batt 4 17 V 24 7 C Port COM6 Device Date 13 11 2012 Device Time 24hr 14 03 L ICT International mamaa Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 24 8 Set Date amp Time The date and time
9. needle individually Place your left hand index knuckle against the stem to brace as a pivot point and your right hand as a guide on the cable The right hand will not and should not apply any pulling force as this could damage the needles If the needles are especially tight you may need to use an additional lever such as a flat bade screw driver If this is required it must be used very carefully and only in short distances Attempting to lever the needle out in a single pass with a screw driver WILL bend and most probably break the needle I ICT International mmo Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 42 13 Download Data 13 1 Download Data via USB Cable Data can be downloaded in a number of ways The simplest is to click the green Download Data icon on the main window under the Instrument Information section SD CARD SO OF Download Data If a data file exists on the MicroSD card then a MS Windows Explorer window automatically loads providing a choice of directories to save the data file to The Default location is C Program Files ICT ICT SFM This directory can be changed to a preferred storage location Once the data file has been downloaded the software prompts you whether to delete or rename the data file SFMICFOU2 cey has finished downloading S in ICT SFM mie avein Would you like to delete or rename this file 4 archive i 2 SA ICT SFM exe My Recent GH ICT jpg Documents 4 ICT_SFM ico
10. passed through the slots on either side and tightened around the tree ICT International eee Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 40 12 9 Insulate Needles on Small Diameter Stems If needles extend beyond the stem they should be insulated from direct sunlight which will conduct heat back along the stainless steel needles and confound or swamp the temperature increase from the measurement heat pulse The insulating jacket taken from stripping the end of the figire 8 charging cable is ideal and with the aid of a small amount of silicon grease slides straight on Alternatively some insulating foam could be used Finally cover the full installation with aluminium foil to reflect direct radiation The insulating conductors or foam will prevent heat transfer from the needles touching the aluminium foil For further reference it is recommended that you watch the small stems installation before working with small stem installations for the first time ICT International mcr Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 4 12 10 Uninstall Removal SFM1 needles are relatively easy to remove The key is to be gentle and slow the same as with installation Begin by grasping the hubs of all three needles and turning them in a block about a quarter turn anticlockwise then a 1 4 turn clockwise You should hear and feel a cracking sound as the stainless steel needles break the gummy bond with the sapwood Remove each
11. 3 0 30 2 5232 0 0055 0 0010 1 0000 2 6383 0 9982 INTERNATIONAL I SO ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 16 Contact Details ICT International Pty Ltd Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring www ictinternational com sales ictinternational com au Phone 61 2 6772 6770 Fax 61 2 6772 7616 PO Box 503 Armidale NSW Australia 2350 I SO ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring INTERNATIONAL 49 INTERNATIONAL ICT International Pty Ltd Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring
12. A piece of 5 mm lined note paper can be a very handy guide I SO ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 37 Note Drilling the three holes for installation CANNOT be done quickly A set of three holes will take between 5 to 10 minutes to drill correctly In the event of the guide slipping off or a drill bit breaking in the guide that cannot be removed without removing the guide it is advised that the installation be abandoned and a new site be found to start a fresh installation 12 6 Use Spacers Also before installation you must determine the location of each measurement point in the sapwood This is done by knowing the bark depth and sap wood thickness from the bark depth measurements and sapwood cores done initially If the bark thickness is greater than 10 mm thick it is recommended to remove some bark to allow the outer measurement point to sit 2 5 mm below the cambium in the outer sapwood If the bark is thinner than 10 mm it is recommended to cut small spacers of the exact thickness required to locate the outer measurement point approx 2 5 mm below the cambium in the sapwood Spacers can be made from electrical cable sheath stripped from the figure 8 power cable used for charging the SFM1 Use a single edged razor blade to cut all three spacers the same length with square edges on both sides Spacer I SO ICT International pee Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring
13. SFM1 Sap Flow Meter Quick Start Guide C ID D j AG Bi Bi I SO ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring Contents Quick Sre C dEi N E EE AEE 4 1 SEMI Stare Up C Meek List acoassar aaa 5 2 System Reguireme MiS ossaa aai 6 Da C PUPO O e a O E E 6 De POUN A e E E E T E EEEN 6 Pe E e ET a a EEES 6 3 Charge the SFM1 Internal Battery sssecccccosssssseecccocssssssseeceosssssssseee 7 3 1 Connecting a Power Supply to the Instrument ccc ceeeeesseeceeeeeseeeeeees 8 3 1 1 Individual Power Supply Connections ccccccccscccseccceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeees 8 3 1 2 Shared Power Supply for Multiple Instruments cc ccccceeeeeees 9 3 1 3 Connecting Power Directly via Solar Panel ccccccceeceeeeeeeeeeees 10 3 1 4 Connecting Power via External 12V Battery cccccsssessssssereeeteeeeeees 11 3 1 5 Connecting Power via External 12V Battery and Solar Panel 0 12 3 1 6 Sharing an External 12V Battery and Solar Panel via Daisy Chaining 13 4 Install the SFM1 Software amp USB DriVveTr ssssssesececesececcocsssossssssssssssee 14 5 Tarn the Instrument OTisssnrecissrsnains 14 6 Connect to the MNStPUMCW Cy ssiccccesccisiestiecscsicecseceveadecessisesssewsannncsceeusioccteest 15 Gell Connect Via USB errana n E a E N 16 6 1 2 Software Procedure Step 12 isicscssascadsenssdcvnccsdesgoasdeseveaiesehecssasnsnntesdecendadeoenes 17 6 1 3
14. This is useful when working with small stems Typically the needle would be inserted all the way through the stem to ensure mechanical strength and minimise the leverage effect of having only the needle tip inserted into the stem Therefore just logging the outer measurement point would be most common in small stems Nevertheless the options to measure just the inner measurement point is available 9 2 Calculated Results The SFM1 can log and process raw data on board the instruments Microprocessor To do this simply check all the boxes for calculated results Whilst the SFM1 will process and log the data to file for the data to be meaningful you must have entered all the necessary correction parameters page 29 first 9 3 Power Management The SFM can log the instruments internal battery voltage the external charging supply voltage and external charging current These parameters should always be logged to aid in trouble shooting spurious results that typically can be caused by power supply issues I SO ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 26 9 4 Raw Temperature Mode The needle temperatures mode is for advanced research applications in which the shape of the heat pulse and the timing of events within the heating and cooling of the stem which to be analysed using alternative equations in addition to basic sap flow measurements Please refer to the full User Manual for more detail
15. acetqdecestesaeecens 28 BP BOW IOC orn Ea A NAA TT A 28 Measurement Mod esseri anan Eana a aaa 29 Test Instrument integrity prior to deployment in the field eee 30 COU CCUG ING ccpceckiiecicsiesetsecsuacthaveatcbesscesiicostsscaestestupsiovevesucatieausssbccccssteageuscs 30 Probe OPAC IG rten E E seen asoeeouroseniooes 30 Base line asymmetry Multiplters ccc cccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeeeeeens 31 Base line asymmetry Offsets cccccsssssssssssscceeceeecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 31 Thermal DifUsi Viy eens T R 31 Wounding Coeficient sssirsrisonin ronnie is a EAA NARE EENES 31 VC E E E E A EE E E E E E E E EE 32 Sap MOA e A E E A 32 S S e S E E E EE E E E 33 Measure Bark DC Dt rive stssnstiocsavednad cahmidcadacendxescaspiaintionscoabeos E E NEAN 33 Determine Sapwood Thickness ccccccccccseeeeeeeeeeeeesesessssesssessseeeeaaaaaaas 34 Attach Installation Gide 2 2220s0sasasssnanaesnsediessteasiessicsnadsaiwvocseseeessevesseses 36 Besin ra 53 csscancescaceccuaacssaceaeduedoasassnivecanceseaccassonesaeweroeaaeeorsosaseeenaeeeanes 37 Check the holes are Parallel 9 csc cscseesaysuhansueanedndconstaecanirvndesdectsiexiecdcantaaates 37 NSS ACCES E E sanctions A AT EE E E E E EE 38 Grease Needles casts austenite esstavn iie N ERE A R 39 Insert Needles and attach SFM1 to Tree ccccccssssssesesssseeeceeeeeeeeeees 40 Insulate Needles on Small Diameter StemS cccccsssseessceseeeeeee
16. al mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 34 Apply an indicator dye to stain and differentiate the sapwood from the heartwood Depending upon the pH of the sap wood different dyes may be required As an example Methyl Orange works well with many Eucalyptus species as it turns the sap wood yellow and the heart wood a deep red colour Now use a ruler or callipers to precisely measure the radial depth of sapwood A T D oe N VEEN A N hm pri I I i i i Tey yy EN vear ry ean aie I ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 35 INTERNATIONAL 12 3 Attach Installation Guide Attach the installation guide to the tree using the 4 anchor pins of the guide to locate and secure the guide to the tree For small diameter stems between 10 mm to 25 mm diameter it may be necessary to pack the back of the installation guide with a stick to ensure a stable mounting of the guide on the stem This should then be held in place with clear adhesive or sticky tape so the holes of the guide are easily visible ae a Pe ay Ae Sali Peet i ey NRG gt WR S R 2 Ae i f af h K SA r AN Kiga l Y ay ta ee Soe ae es aa 8 Peres iy in lt r ETIN gt A JN IOT ICT International no Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 36 12 4 Begin Drilling Commence drilling three holes into the stem using the 1 3 mm diameter drill bit Use
17. ce Mame Please Wait Device Wake Up Routine In Progress Cancel Show this window after disconnecting trom AF device I SO ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring INTERNATIONAL 22 6 2 3 Software Procedure Step 2 Click on Device RF De rice Chooser 4 devices in list fa E3 D a T agh arial Mum Device ame oFM1C AU ICT HRM SENSOR INTERFACE 01000944 sPhT Cod BRUCE TEST SFM 01000577F SFW Cal Maple 010006F SFMT C oD Coniter in Pot r pe Discover Connect Cancel za ee Show this window after disconnecting frami F device After you highlight the device then click Connect I ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 23 7 Instrument Information Fields are provided to Name the instrument and attach a Comment Entries in these fields will be recorded in a header line within the data file and can be beneficial to recalling important aspects of the experiment after data has been collected Every time these fields are changed the change is automatically recorded in a new header line entry in the data file The name should be indicative of the instrument or treatment and identify its location as it is the Name field which is displayed along with the serial number when connecting to the instrument This is especially valuable if connecting wirelessly to the instrument To edit the field click on the X to the right
18. cting sap wood of the tree This can be left as a default value 0 0025 cms taken from Marshall 1952 or specific values can be calculated based on the fresh weight fresh volume and dry weight calculations from a sample of the sapwood of the tree being measured Note If entering the correction factors directly to the SFM1 for real time data processing Thermal Diffusivity should be sampled and determined prior to installation The process can take up to a week due to the drying time of sap wood 11 5 Wounding Coefficient Describes the impact the cavitation of the vessels caused by drilling and the heating of the tissues by the heater resulting in tylosses around the heater have on the movement and transfer of heat around the heater to the measurement needles These coefficients have been modelled Burgess 2001 and are available from appendix A These coefficients are automatically applied to the HRM Algorithm in Sap Flow Tool software when a measured wound size 1s selected SO ICT International INTERNATIONAL Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 31 11 6 V Factor The factor used to convert correct Heat Pulse Velocity V_ to Corrected Sap Velocity V 11 7 Sap Wood Area The area of water conducting xylem or sapwood through which the water moves through the tree must be determined to calculate volumetric sap flow This is typically done through taking a sapwood core with a coring tool and using a stain to dy
19. e the sapwood during installation A direct measurement of the radial thickness for the sap wood can then be measured to calculate Cross Sectional Area This must then be weighted against each of the two annulus measured by the Inner and Outer measurement points These values are then entered into the corresponding Sap Wood Area Outer amp Inner input fields SFM i Corrections Reports SD Card PC Logging Probe Spacing 5mm v Base line asymmetry multiplier Outer Base line asymmetry offset Outer Base line asymmetry multiplier Inner Base line asymmetry offset Inner Thermal diffusivity cm 2 s 1 Wounding Coefficient Vs Factor Corrected sapwood area Outer cm 2 Corrected sapwood area Inner 10 0000 jom Load Defaults Update correction factors Note Applying any of these corrections factors this within the instrument will result in sacrificing the first few days of data or more until the various parameters are determined If raw heat pulse velocities are measured and corrections are done in Sap Flow Tool software then no data is sacrificed as all data can be instantly reprocessed once the correction parameters have been determined ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 32 12 Install the Sensor Care must be taken to install the sensor Ensuring the needles are parallel and aligned axially is imperative to collecting good data and being able to easily and quick
20. eeeees 41 Uninstall Removal sisne e a e er EN ENEE ANNE Eiras 42 Download Dalii a Ea e EEN EE 43 Download Data via USB Cablle cccccccccccccesseeeeeseeessessseessssssaaaaaaaaas 43 Download MicroSD Card via USB Adaptet cccccccccccccccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeees 45 PATA SCD AG iua EEA 47 APPEN ie Wren er enemy rer te errr mT e 48 Cone Deasa E 49 ICT International mx Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 3 Quick Start Guide NOTE This manual should be used in conjunction with the instructional videos provided by ICT International to compliment each section of operation These videos are located on the ICT YouTube site http www youtube com user ictintl WARNING The measurement needles of the SFM1 are made of hollow 1 3 mm stainless steel tubing They can easily be bent damaged or broken off if basic care is not taken in handling the instrument ERNATIONAL I XS ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 1 SFM 1 Start Up Check List v WARNING Please Read Understand and Complete this checklist before unpacking the O SFM1 Sap Flow Meter mE heveyoureadihemanua Have you read the Have you read the manual htto www ictinternational com techhelp sfm1manual html ER Have youwatched the videos Have you watched the Have you watched the videos http www youtube com user ictintl If you are unsure about a regarding your a a Flow Me
21. into a MicroSD Card Reader and then Insert into the USB port of your computer Gi SD Card E File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Address a E ge BP pe Ay 289 KB gt i PA Search gt Folders X 19 T EJ co sv 121211 csv x3 t x Office Excel Comma Sig Microsoft Office Excel Comma a Office Exce nm yi 111 KB 7 sv 171110 csv x3 Office Excel Comma ei Microsoft Office Excel Comma Ji 563 KB E a 1407 11 csv s Microsoft Office cel Comma 1 629 KB la ficrosoft Office Excel Comma Ji 349 KB EN 230112 csv SFM0A804 BIN Ta Microsoft Office Excel Comma m BIN File 146 aaa 3 si zi 146 KB 45 195 KB SFM0A804 C5V Ta Microsoft Office Excel Comma Ji ike amp 280612 csv al Microsoft Office Excel Comma 530 KB Insert into USB port 47 7 MB Z My Computer Again either manually delete or rename the file on the MicroSD card before reinserting it to the SFM1 to continue logging Note deleting a file from the MicroSD card will not cause any problems for the SFM1 If an SD card is inserted into an instrument and a data file does not exist the next time a reading is logged the instrument will automatically create a new data file on the SD card A CSV data file will be prefixed with the serial number of the instrument e g SFM1B80L csv ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 46 14 Analyse Data Data recorded in Sap Flo
22. l Ports Remember Devices i N Connection Type p USE rr v Select Device gt ee After you highlight the device then click Select Device ICT International mamaa Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 19 6 2 Alternatively if you are using an MCC1 wireless Radio Modem 6 2 1 Connecting the Wireless Hardware via a USB Cable Connect the MCC1 to a computer via a USB cable Double click the SFM1 icon on the Desktop to open the software and click the icon Connect to SFM1 Double Click the SFM1 Icon I SO ICT International INTERNATIONAL Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 20 6 2 2 Software Procedure Step 1 Change the Connection Type from USB to RF Modem and click Find Devices When ICT Compatible RF Modem appears double click on it to bring up the RF Devcie Chooser Window Make sure device is selected m Device Selection E a Available Defices peA Name NN Seral Number COM Fort ICT Compatible RF Modem COM11 Show All Ports Remember Devices eC a lt Finddevices w Select Device 4 Choose the connection type RF then Click Find Devices to search for the instrument SO ICT International mcr Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 21 The software performs a wakeup routine then searches for instruments within range RF Device Chooser No devices in list Seles Address seral Murr Devi
23. l Suppl FJ Battery 4 14 V idle Measurement Control Measurment Mode Manual v Start Measurem ent J Update Measurement Mode w Measurement complete 10 55 29 Results Wet Dulb Depression 19 41 pv c Append to existing file Chamber Temp 22 37 C 0 19 pv 0 02 MPa T Correction for dT Water Potential 5 26 MPa aka File renamed Connected to ICT PSY Batt 4 04 Device Date 05 11 2010 Device Time 24hr 18 58 Note when data is stored in Needle Temperature mode the data storage capacity will vary depending upon the sampling frequency for each raw heat pulse ICT International nmr Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 44 13 2 Download MicroSD Card via USB Adapter Alternatively the MicroSD card can be physically removed and read by a computer using a USB Adapter Open the communication port to access the MicroSD card The MicroSD card is secured by a spring locking mechanism press on the edge of the card to release the spring then remove the card A pair of forceps or tweezers are very convenient to remove and insert the card into the slot The MicroSD Card will be automatically recognised by MS Windows Explorer and a File Window will pop up Copy the file and paste it to your preferred directory location on your computer I ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 45 INTERNATIONAL Place the MicroSD card
24. llow time for the heat to move through the system Typically 10 minutes is adequate to achieve this and as such is the minimum recommended logging interval Shorter logging intervals are possible for academic research purposes Other typical logging intervals such as 15 minutes 20 30 and 60 minute intervals are available from the drop down box Measurement Control Measurement Mode Manual 3min 4 min 5 min 6 min 15 min 20 min 30 min 60 min Note when changing the logging interval it is necessary to click the Update Measurement Options icon to make the change take effect I ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 29 10 4 Test Instrument integrity prior to deployment in the field A manual measurement mode is also available which is convenient for testing instrument operation and integrity testing of the needles prior to field deployment Use the HRM30 TB Test Block to confirm the integrity of the needles and the instrument prior to deployment in the field The Test Block has been engineered to force a known sap velocity when a manual measurement is made If the instrument does not return a sap velocity within the range 12 to 18 cm hr please contact ICT international via our web site www ictinternational com and submit a ticket explaining the issue and request an RMA via the Service Desk this test provides confidence that the instrument is fully functional before leaving fo
25. ly determine direction of flow Corrections can be made but there is no substitute for good preparation and installation of the needles It is recommended that you watch the installation video before beginning the installation for the first time 12 1 Measure Bark Depth Begin by removing any loose flay or rough fibrous bark so that you achieve a data or reference point from which to measure from Measure the bark depth using a bark depth gauge Alternatively use a flat blade screw driver turned on the horizontal plane in the vertical plane the screw driver will merely split the fibres and not provide measure of where the bark phloem and cambium stop and the sapwood commence Hammer the screw driver in until 1t stops moving and you hear a change in pitch of the noise This indicates the sap wood has been reached Mark the edge of the tree on the screw driver remove and measure this distance ICT International pee Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 33 12 2 Determine Sapwood Thickness Now using a coring tool determine the sapwood depth or thickness of the tree so you know where to locate the measurement points of the SFM1 After boring the coring tool into the stem at least half way through the tree to ensure you pass through the sap wood into heartwood twist the handle in the opposite direction to break the core attachment to the tree Insert the removal sleeve and extract the core I Cr ICT Internation
26. ng 10 3 1 4 Connecting Power via External 12V Battery Note The SFM1 Sap Flow Meter is non polarized Da C l ie SFM1 Sy i J External 12V Battery I SY ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 11 3 1 5 Connecting Power via External 12V Battery and Solar Panel Note The SFM1 Sap Flow SO Meter is non polarized NS Z a Note The External 12V Battery is polarized alg i 3 Solar Panel e J Solar Regulator Ce External 12V Battery I SY ICT International Eana Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 3 1 6 Sharing an External 12V Battery and Solar Panel via Daisy Chaining Note The SFM1 Sap Flow Meter is non polarized Solar Panel _ _ e Solar Regulator Note The External 12V Battery is polarized External 12V Battery I SY ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 13 INTERNATIONAL 4 Install the SFM1 Software amp USB Driver Insert the supplied DVD into the computer The DVD will auto run to present a menu Choose software a then choose USB Driver b and then SFM1 Installation Software c b E SFM1 Sap Flow Meter Loh SFNA Sap Flow Meter mmmn I r SFM1 Sap Flow Meter Software Setup g i Ins yument Software Downloads S4 ICT SFM SW R2 0 4 7 msi ICT DFU R1 7 0 7 msi www ictinterna
27. r a typically remote field site 11 Corrections The correction parameters are used when the SFM1 Sap Flow Meter is used to process data on board without the aid of Sap Flow Tool software 11 1 Probe Spacing Probe spacing must be set to the distance between the needles as they were installed in the stem as this parameter is used in the HRM Algorithm k v V Kl e x 3600 cm h V3 Where e k is the thermal diffusivity of wet wood e x is the distance between the heat source heater and temperature Sensors e vl and v2 are the increases in temperature from ambient at equidistant points downstream and upstream from the heater I SO ICT International Pere Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 30 11 2 Base line asymmetry Multipliers Base line asymmetry multipliers are typically left set to 1 as this typically does not affect the reading 11 3 Base line asymmetry offsets Base line asymmetry offsets will need to be adjusted Whether the offset is a positive or negative adjustment will depend upon the convergence or divergence of each needle relative to the heater The magnitude of the adjustment can only be assessed after an initial few days of measurements have been analysed Therefore this correction parameter must be entered after the first few days of data have been collected 11 4 Thermal Diffusivity Describes the manner in which heat moves through the woody matrix that is the water condu
28. s The Screen shot on the right below is the recommended configuration for most sap flow applications in that it is logging raw heat pulse velocity on both Inner amp Outer measurement points of the needles and all processing of data will be completed in SFT software as all correction factors are determined as the experiment progresses The SD Card Logging Options Menu is again accessed via the commands menu along the top menu bar of the SFM1 software SD Card Logging Options Seales SD Card Logging Options The following options reflect SD Card logging options when reporting option is The following options reflect SD Card logging options when reporting option is set to one other than Needle Temperatures set to one other than Needle Temperatures Probe Selection Probe Selection Inner Only Outer Only Inner and Outer O Inger Outer Only Calculated Results Diagnostic Temperature Data Calculated Results Diagnostic Temperature Data Raw Heat Pulse Velocity Raw Heat Pulse Velocity Max Temperatures Average Max Temperatures Average Sap Velocity Temperature Rise Ratios CI Sap Velocity Temperature Rise Ratios Sap Flow in kg C Sap Flow in kg Power Management Meee Internal Battery External Supply Es External Supply Raw temperature mode number of measurements second gperature mode number of measurements second 3 gt measurement s per second measurement s per second Raw temperature mode number of meas
29. s plug design was developed by ICT International to simplify the electrical wiring process It minimises the need for custom tools in the field requiring only that the outer cable sheath be stripped back to expose the copper wire See section Connecting a Power Supply to the Instrument page 8 no other tools are required with all necessary components and fixings fully incorporated into the instrument design Retaining straps ensure the power bus plugs do not separate from the instrument when removed from the power bus during wiring preparation and connection of external power I SO ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring INTERNATIONAL 3 1 Connecting a Power Supply to the Instrument 3 1 1 Individual Power Supply Connections Important Do not connect external power until the final step Bend the stripped wires back over the end of the ICT bus plug Remove both ICT Bus plugs from Important Seal the cable against either end of the sensor water ingress by tightening the end of the plug Repeat for second bus plug O W J S Unscrew the end of the plug 1 to 2 turns A gt Sem gt eae Insert the ICT bus plugs into the endcap of the sensor The plugs Remove the Bus plug sealing cap can be inserted in either polarity pen and will click when seated into 4 position Insert either polarity of the external power source cable en Strip
30. s were derived based on modelled temperature data at t 60 100 s Coefficients b c and d apply to Equation 6 Coefficient B is a linear approximation Equation 13 of the polynomial relationship described by Equation 6 B Additional coefficients generated for a 0 5 0 0 5 cm probe configuration with 1 3 mm diameter stainless steel probes Wound cm Bc dr Br A 0 6 0 0 6 cm probe configuration 0 17 1 6565 0 0014 0 0002 1 0000 1 7023 0 9993 0 18 1 7077 0 0014 0 0002 1 0000 1 7585 0 9992 0 19 1 7701 0 0017 0 0002 1 0000 1 8265 0 9991 0 20 1 8292 0 0019 0 0003 1 0000 1 8905 0 9990 0 21 1 8909 0 0022 0 0003 1 0000 1 9572 0 9989 0 22 1 9554 0 0025 0 0004 1 0000 2 0267 0 9988 0 23 2 0226 0 0029 0 0004 1 0000 2 0991 0 9987 0 24 2 0685 0 0031 0 0005 1 0000 2 1482 0 9987 0 26 2 1932 0 0038 0 0006 1 0000 2 2817 0 9985 0 28 2 3448 0 0047 0 0008 1 0000 2 4467 0 9984 0 30 2 4908 0 0057 0 0010 1 0000 2 5985 0 9983 B 0 5 0 0 5 cm probe configuration 0 17 1 6821 0 0015 0 0002 1 0000 1 7283 0 9993 0 18 1 7304 0 0013 0 0002 1 0000 1 7853 0 9992 0 19 1 7961 0 0016 0 0002 1 0000 1 8568 0 9991 0 20 1 8558 0 0018 0 0003 1 0000 1 9216 0 9990 0 21 1 9181 0 0021 0 0003 1 0000 1 9891 0 9989 0 22 1 9831 0 0024 0 0004 1 0000 2 0594 0 9988 0 23 2 0509 0 0028 0 0004 1 0000 2 1326 0 9987 0 24 2 0973 0 0030 0 0005 1 0000 2 1825 0 9987 0 26 2 2231 0 0037 0 0006 1 0000 2 3176 0 9985 0 28 2 3760 0 0046 0 0008 1 0000 2 4813 0 998
31. sequent to installation rather than prior to and that data can be reprocessed at any time instantly should any correction parameter be revised Additionally Sap Flow Tool provides the ability analyse the raw heat pulse data with a range of sap flow algorithms HRM HRMx CHPM or TMax 10 2 Sap Flow Mode This provides automatically processed sap flow results in Raw Heat Pulse Velocity Corrected Sap Velocity and Sap Flow The Raw Heat Pulse Velocity can be used in Sap Flow Tool Software to post process the data however Corrected Sap Velocity and Sap Flow cannot be reprocessed once logged in these units In order to use the Corrected Sap Velocity and Sap Flow data automatically logged by the Sap Flow Meter you must enter the relevant correction parameters into depending upon the configuration of the needle set I ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 28 the Corrections tab to enable the onboard processing of the measured raw data This feature is suitable where a great prior knowledge about the species being measured is known or indicative values of sap flow without the necessity for absolute precision and accuracy of sap flow data is needed quickly 10 3 Measurement Mode The Heat Ratio Method involves a pulse of heat input to the water conducting xylem or sapwood of the plant to measure the flow of water In order not to compound the effect of the heat pulse it is recommended to a
32. ter contact ICT International before use support ictinternational com 61 2 6772 6770 I ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 5 INTERNATIONAL 2 System Requirements 2 1 CPU Processor The ICT Instrument software does not require large processing power For example it is compatible with NetBooks Minimum Recommended Processor Capacity Intel Atom Processors with a CPU N270 1 66 GHz and 1GB RAM or higher 2 2 Software The ICT Instrument software is compatible with the following Windows Operating Systems a Windows XP b Windows Vista C Windows7 d Windows Virtual OS run from a Mac computer 2 3 Screen Resolution The ICT Instrument software is written to a fixed screen resolution of 857 x 660 dpi it does not Auto Resize and works best on current model laptops that have a screen size of 11 6 or larger and a default screen resolution of 1366 x 768 the vertical height of 768 being most important otherwise you can t see the bottom of the software INTERNATIONAL I SO ICT International Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 6 3 Charge the SFM1 Internal Battery The SFM is a self contained instrument that incorporates a lithium polymer battery Before using the instrument this battery MUST be charged To choose from a range of charging options see Connecting a Power Supply to the Instrument pages 10 to 13 The unique power bu
33. tional com a The SFM1 Sap Flow Meter software can also be downloaded from the ICT International Software Downloads Page 5 Turn the Instrument On The Sap Flow Meter has an internal 4V 1 Amp DC Lithium Polymer battery that is used to operate the instrument The internal battery must be trickle charged from an external power source such as a Solar Panel for long term field deployment The Sap Flow Meter can be turned on manually by pressing the power button or automatically by connecting an external 12V DC power supply This includes a USB cable connected to a PC The SFM1 can also be charged directly from any computer s USB port When the instrument is turned on the Green light visible through the light tube adjacent to the communication port will flash rapidly for a few seconds during start up Once the SFM1 has started the green light will flash momentarily once every 10 seconds to indicate it is on ICT International pacer Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 14 6 Connect to the Instrument Connect the USB cable to the instrument The SFM1 will automatically be detected by the computer as with any USB device Double click the SFM1 icon on the Desktop to open the software On Off Switch USB Port LED I r ICT International oom Solutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 15 6 1 1 Connect Via USB Connect the USB cable to the instrument The SFM1 will automatically be
34. urements after pulse RAW temperature mode number of measurements after pulse 900 measurements after pulse 5 minutes 0 seconds 9 measurements after pulse 5 minutes 0 seconds Total measurement time 5 minutes 32 seconds Total measurement time 5 minutes 32 seconds Select All Update Logging Options Select All Update Logging Options Different reporting option recommended for needle temperature mode ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 21 10 Set the Measurement Control The SFM1 Sap Flow Meter provides two Reporting Options Needle Temperature Mode or Sap Flow Mode Measurement Control Measurement Control Measurement Mode Measurement Mode 10 min v 10 min v Reporting option Start Measurement Reporting option Start Measurement Fire Pulse P 9 OP kdi Fire Pulse Sap Flow Mode v WARNING DO NOT Avenmemneer O Bat oenar 0 HERI NEEDLES ARE IN AIR NEEDLES ARE IN AIR 10 1 Needle Temperature Mode Is highly recommended for detailed scientific research The raw needle temperatures measured throughout the measurement cycle are recorded at a typical frequency of 3 Hz although the user can adjust this between and 30 Hz This mode then provides internal stem temperatures at two points radially across the sap wood and the data can be post processed in Sap Flow Tool Software The advantage of this feature is that correction parameters can be collected sub
35. w Mode is saved in a Comma Separated Values CSV file Data recorded in Needle Temperatures mode is saved in a Binary BIN file format Both file formats can be automatically imported into SFT Sap Flow Tool for post processing and detailed analysis Processed results can be exported to a CSV file for import into your preferred spreadsheet or statistics software SFT Sap Flow Tool Software can facilitate direct comparison of measured sap flow data with other measured parameters such as Stem Water Potential Solar Radiation VPD Soil Moisture to easily and quickly look at the impact of these environmental interaction s on plant water use Sap flow rate ch 3 h 1 Wind speed km h 1 Temperature C Sap flow rate cm 3 h 1 eumjesediwey Jo Ly wy peeds puIAA gt 0 x 9 So a N 1 J ai f e ee a wa a FF CF amp we os Lt 1 209 2009 7 8 20 00 AM 210 2009 4 20 00 AM 211 2009 12 20 00AM 211 2009 7 8 20 00 PM 212 2009 7 4 20 00 PM 12 20 00 PM 214 2009 8 20 00 AM 215 2009 4 20 00 AM 213 2009 216 2009 ICT International mamoa SOlutions for soil plant amp environmental monitoring 47 15 Appendix A Table 2 A Correction coefficients for numerical solutions derived for a range of wound diameters and corresponding to a 0 6 0 0 6 cm probe configuration where the stainless steel probes are 1 3mm in diameter Solution
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