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1. oeeeeennsnnnnnnnnnssseennnnsssseeeronssssssreeosssssseererenssssseereesssse 78 6 11 3 Editing a conditional Model Fragment ccccccccccsseeccccccceeeneeeeseeeeeeeaaeeeseeceeeeeaaeeseeeeeeesaaaeseeeseeseaaaes 78 6 12 OEN e CIN e A E E E 79 6 12 1 PLE TACT Sas cectne cit RE AEE AEGEE A AAE E net toh deceased ANEO 79 6 13 REFINING A CONDITIONAL MODEL FRAGMENT sasasesasinasecencssccersbetecee ucadsna ube cteotydyaccotubeeuenestaduebaseeadeutedeaces 19 6 14 KEYBOARD AND VIOUSE SHORTCUTS ccccnranecriistiugsivadbeatenentnadevateetessa it saauiwesbncten e E EUO 80 6 15 ERROR AND WARNING MESSAGES 2a ctecccsaotescusastua tive eae a e reae TN 80 PART II RUNNING AND INSPECTING SIMULATIONS ccccsssscsccccccccsccssssssssssscsscccccccccccccccecscssssssssscees 1 7 RUNNING SIMULATIONS ccinn aa decucsevecnecsecsnudsansceesesedeteoeies 82 Zl Delecta scenario tO SUN GIO reie EENE E REAT ETEA E 52 Zl POCVAUTALCS CLC CICA SUGIES eE NETE OE ead agua seein Gun ah aed eo SURG A 52 Tels Ordersel ected SIAVCS xe ea shi E EEO AOA 83 ZLA Find SUCCESSOTS Jor selected SIGIOS aeia eTa T E AEA EA 83 LERS TUE SOTA OM eE E E E ERE TE EE 83 Z0 ASDC CEING NNUA ON LACE cie CEEE TE EE OS 84 FLT AON DI ETOT E OS oE E NE O TN R NTE ENE NTN 86 8 SELECTING SPA TES OR PATHS aiir cis codhcceucecuusecacsvaguesceccetscestacausccusevasesuedecsseoesdsceseadetetenass 89 SAT DCAU S i o E E A A A 89 S S EPO A A EAO O 89 CU T AE A O E AE EN E ba dees EE O N E eters 90
2. Project no 004074 Project acronym NATURNET REDIME Project title New Education and Decision Support Model for Active Behaviour in Sustainable Development Based on Innovative Web Services and Qualitative Reasoning Instrument SPECIFIC TARGETED RESEARCH PROJECT Thematic Priority SUSTDEV 2004 3 VIII 2 e User Manual for Single User Version of QR Workbench Due date of deliverable Actual submission date Start date of project 1 March 2005 Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable UvA Revision final Project co funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme 2002 2006 Dissemination Level PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants including the Commission RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium including the Commission CO Confidential only for members of the consortium including the Commission Services Authors Anders Bouwer Jochem Liem Bert Bredeweg Duration 30 months Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Abstract This document is the user manual for Garp3 The Garp3 software package supports all operations necessary to build qualitative models and to run and inspect simulations The possible operations in Garp3 are divided into three categories which correspond to the parts in this document The first category contains the main operations such as file operations and opening the
3. Open main Garp page Hide show file tasks T Empty model esap GPG Show ud tis gl a Show hide simulate tasks Sej No scenarios About the Garp3 software Figure 1 The main screen of Garp3 The File operations toolbar is open the build and simulate toolbars are collapsed You can expand the build or simulate toolbar by pressing the button Show build tasks or the button Show simulate tasks The tooltips may help you to find out which button to press e The operation associated to a button and other items in the interface of Garp3 will appear as a tooltip when you move the mouse over it The file operations are described in section 2 2 The build operations are described in section 2 3 The simulate operations are described in section 2 4 2 1 1 Open main help page e Press the owl icon on the top right side of the Garp3 main menu An internet browser will appear with additional help information on how to use Garps 2 1 2 Open main Garp3 page e Press the Garp3 icon on the right side of the Garp3 main menu An internet browser will appear with the Garp3 project page This includes technical information as well as additional documentation 2 1 3 About Garp3 e Press the About icon on the bottom right side of the Garp3 main menu A window will appear with information about Garps including the version number and information about the developers 11 107 Project No
4. in the dialogue window A window will appear entitled Add a new Model Fragment Build see Figure 31 e Provide a unique name for the new model fragment in the Name field e Add remarks if desired e Press the button Apply changes in the dialogue window The new model fragment is added to the hierarchy ey Add a new Model Fragment Build Population Process Birth Agent Name New model fragment Remarks Figure 31 Adding a new model fragment 6 1 3 Create a Child of a Model Fragment Creating a child subtype of a model fragment is done by creating a new model fragment after selecting the desired parent supertype of the model fragment see Section 6 1 2 6 1 4 Delete a Model Fragment Of course you can delete a model fragment as well e Select the model fragment you want to delete e Press the button Delete selected model fragment in the dialogue window 58 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 6 1 5 Modify the Parent of a Model Fragment You can modify the parent Supertype of a model fragment if you are dissatisfied with its placement in the hierarchy Select the model fragment you want to modify Press the Properties button In the listbox All Model Fragments select the new parent Press the button Add the selected model fragment to the list of parents Select the original parent in the Parents field Press the button Delete the selected model fragm
5. to hide the build tasks from view A detailed description of the operations in the Build environment is presented in part Il of this document 16 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 2 4 Simulate The Simulate environment of Garp3 allows you to run and inspect simulations based on a particular scenario in your model 2 4 1 Show simulate tasks e Press the button Show simulate tasks in the Garp3 main screen if necessary A number of icons will appear below the simulate icon representing the various simulate tasks see Figure 6 Select a scenario to simulate see also section 7 1 1 Simulate current scenario see also section 7 1 2 7 1 4 Full simulation see also section 7 1 5 Open the simulator to its current state or a saved simulation Open trace window see also section 7 1 6 Simulation preferences see also section 7 1 7 k MyFirstModel hgp Garp3 0 3 2 Hide show simulate tasks Select a scenario to simulate Simulate status indication Simulation preferences Open trace window About Simulate current scenario Full simulation Open the simulator to its current state or a saved simulation Figure 6 The Garp3 main screen with the Simulate toolbar expanded In addition there is a simulate status indication which represents whether the model is ready for simulation and or how many scenarios are included in the model e Press the button Hide build tasks to hide the simulate
6. 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 2 2 File operations File operations are used to open and save models When you start Garp3 you can start modelling from scratch to create a new model or open an existing model from a file You can edit the model and save your changes or start over with a new model Users who work with previous versions of the Garp software including Homer and VisiGarp can open and save models in legacy mode All file tasks are described in detail in sections 2 2 1 to 2 2 6 Section 2 2 deals with error and warning messages and section 2 2 8 is about keyboard and mouse shortcuts related to file operations 2 2 1 Show file tasks lf the file tasks toolbar is collapsed you will need to show the file tasks first e Press the button Show file tasks in the Garp3 main screen if necessary When you first start Garp3 the file tasks toolbar is already expanded so this will not be necessary The file tasks toolbar provides buttons with access to the following operations see Figure 2 e Open model from file Save current model to file Save current model to new file Start new model Open model in legacy mode Save model in legacy mode Garp3 0 3 9 g xi Hide show file tasks aly nde Open model from file Save current model to file Save model in legacy mode Open model in legacy mode Sue No scenarios Save current model to new file Start new model Figure 2 The file tasks tool
7. 3 ip Li J Symplifying eu z 4p 0 lati Open population Closed population ar Aot active e gt DefauR Exogenous Exogenous sinus Edit the assumption hierarchy Figure 17 The assumption hierarchy The assumption hierarchy editor works in the same way as the entity hierarchy editor and the agent hierarchy editor 4 7 2 Add an Assumption e Select the parent assumption e Press the button Add assumption to hierarchy A window will appear called Add a new assumption Build e Type a unique name in the Name field of this window e Add a remark if desired The presence of remarks is signified by a symbol following the name of the assumption involved e Press the button Apply changes The new assumption is added to the hierarchy When you make a mistake you can correct it before applying your changes or you can cancel your changes by pressing the button Cancel changes 4 7 3 Delete an ASsumption e Select the assumption that must be deleted e Press the button Delete entry from hierarchy 4 7 4 Modify an Assumption e Select the assumption that must be modified e Press the button Show properties e You can now change the name of the assumption and its parent by selecting another available assumption in the Parent listbox You may also add comments about the assumption in the Remarks text field e Press the button Apply changes 36 107 Project No
8. 6 8 2 10 Mo dity C lculation PIUS MIT sncctcince cen creieci AE AEE N OE 74 OO COrroS PONU NCES ansi i AN teseuan tanto eae ee 74 6 8 3 1 Adding a Correspondence between Quantity Spaces eee ececccessceessecesseeeessecessecessseeessecesseeeeseees 74 6 8 3 2 Adding a Correspondence between Quantity values ccc cccccccsscccessscceesseccessseceesseeceesseeeessseeeens 75 6 8 3 3 Deleting a COLES POMC CINCO yates facta s es cencs ecsssa dan enbua seat desucned acvabdeseetenasucesis Ges een wets idea eae 75 6 8 3 4 Modily Correspondente nanei ere n i eed hee aes 75 6 9 AGENTSIN MODEL FRAGMENTS rrara ai a a a a a ain a crt laa eras itis 76 OIT AUdnNE ONA CONE AN SION CS i EE E Aaa E A T A 76 O92 Delme QUAEUEINSIONCE srr EE E E A 76 GIO Modi ME an A CNEANSUON CE victor tA EE E E O A 76 094 Keyboardiand MOUSE SNOMS erae EER ETARE EEA AO NAE EENE RE OEE 76 6 10 ASSUMPTION STN MODEL FRAGMENTS eneee rt i E E NE T1 6 10 1 Adame AnA SSUM PU OE Rect Ga Poe Cc Pec E E EENE E O Rea E ONNE 77 6 10 2 Delno OA SSUP U Oa aa le EA R ce EA EN EA E TEAR EON henson I 6 10 3 Moa nE an ASU D O eea Kee EEE AE N EAEE Reale aa yee 77 6 10 4 Keyboard anrd Mouse SNO UTS IEE E EER E A AEE A EAR eee ah ape an ae 77 6 11 IMPORTINGOTHERMODEL PRAGMENTS in er na E EEE E EEE 7T 6 11 1 Add a Model Fragment as a condition oicccccccccsssccccccccece en eeeeeeeeeeeeee aa eseeeeeeeeeaaaeeseeeeeeeaeaaaaaseeeeeeeeaaaes 78 6 11 2 Deleting a conditional Model Fragment
9. Build l algi xi State Condition C Consequence Instance Any habitat fe gt Instance Any habitat Quantity Contamination Quantity Contamination WALUE QS VALUE Threshold Remarks Figure 38 Adding an inequality to a model fragment 6 8 2 3 Add In equality between Values of different Quantities In order to add an in equality between values of different quantities you already need to have two quantities in the Model Fragment e Select the two quantity point values from different quantities between which the in equality must hold while holding down the Shift key Note that you can only select point values not intervals e Press the button Add inequality in the Condition or Consequence column of the button bar A window will appear entitled Add a new inequality Build similar to Figure 38 e Choose the kind of ordinal relation by pressing the appropriate radio button e Press the button Apply changes Note that this type of inequality does not constrain the actual values of the quantities it only specifies knowledge which allows a comparison between specific values of the different quantities 6 8 2 4 Add In equality between a Quantity Derivative and its Value In order to add an in equality between a quantity derivative and its value you already need to have a quantity in the Model Fragment e Select a quantity derivative and a point value from its derivative quantity s
10. OLA EEC Qi AGA Ona SE EEEE EEA OEE NEE E AEE 90 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 os eo D 1 1A 0 RY LOLA SR aeet ere ae eee ENTE een eee E RON E ee Te ESA UEY CREE ETT OTN Toe ne OREN T Treen T eee a Tee ees ereere rari 90 SAO Doele aSa ear teenth oe sate toes au ee ee 90 SA Deseler allsa ha ener Sect hh a ee a ean anes 90 9 INSPECTING SIMULA TIO NS reciccscticeet hotest tel cacao ce ae eee 91 9 1 SHE OOU ANSE VALUES VIEW roroa eli es Senet a a Bicep dat Aaa cers G 91 DIA SHOW GQUGTIEIDY VAOS iara EEE T E U T E auch tbeewacbcncouleCanaethiadasraaes 9 OTz LUGUA S EREE A A T E A TE E T N A 92 9 2 PHE VALUE HISTORY VIEW mingots iEn unao Ours R VNE O N TIGN EEG 92 G24 Open the Value History View for selected State S arnei iirinn e NEE stew EN TEEN ONE 92 I2 SEE UATE Ss EEATT OO A EE AT ETO ENE OA T ETN 93 J2 SDCSCLCCL OUO NOS aE E ATR EEN OEE ET E E OET LEONEN 93 9 2 4 Draw a Value History for selected Quantities cccccccccccccccssnnssseecccccuannssseececcccanssseseccccsaaaassesecccueaenas 93 se Sao mm LO ST ENN GF AG REO RE TE CTS TOOT ARP RRS ACT ae Eee eet ere eT eT eine een TNT eT oar 93 DDO SOOKE T ASE OF OVUN UCS EE EEE Geeta A N 93 QLD PIEN AUCI UIO TO UC oE EEE AE EA ea A 93 OD ClOSC INE Valie ION VICW miax tite hee csttaes a E sano Sanat ee ah Sed tees awe 93 O29 koboardand MOUSE SNOMS ick case Cia saa Gk wae te ea weapons ea ue eee ea ea Rie eves 93 9 3 THE EOUATION HISTORY VIEW sit 2esei oun bedeortte taste
11. add a new correspondence Build Instance Any population m C Instance Any population Quantity Number of Quantity Biomass QUANTITY SPACE rn QUANTITY SPACE Smi Sml Remarks The quantity space of Number of comesponds to the quantity space of Biomass Figure 40 Adding a correspondence between two quantity spaces 6 8 3 2 Adding a Correspondence between Quantity values In order to add a correspondence between quantity values you must have at least two quantities in your Model Fragment e Select two quantity values from different quantity soaces while holding down the Shift key e Press the button Add correspondence as a consequence in the Consequences column of the button bar A window will appear labelled Add a new correspondence Build similar to Figure 40 e Tick the checkbox Select directed correspondence if desired If so you can switch the order of arguments if desired by pressing the button Switch arguments e Press the button Apply changes 6 8 3 3 Deleting a Correspondence e Select the correspondence to be deleted e Open the Edit menu and select the option Delete 6 8 3 4 Modify Correspondence e Select the correspondence to be modified e Open the Edit menu and select the option Properties e Inthis Dialogue you can do the following e Change between directed or undirected correspondence e Specify that the quantity soace corresponden
12. 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 4 7 5 View Change the View of the Assumption Hierarchy There are several options to manipulate the view of the hierarchy e Press the button Layout hierarchy list to show the hierarchy in an indented list format e Press the button Layout hierarchy vertical to show the hierarchy in a vertical format e Press the button Layout hierarchy horizontal to show the hierarchy in a horizontal format It is also possible to collapse expand a part of the hierarchy e Select the assumption to be collapsed expanded e Select the option Collapse or Expand from the View menu Now all assumptions that exist below it are hidden from view or made visible again To make sure that the whole hierarchy is visible you can expand all e Select the option Expand all from the View menu 4 7 6 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during the operations related to assumptions are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem e Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback This will delete the whole subtree You have chosen to delete an assumption which has subtypes o Press the button Apply changes if you want to continue o Press the button Cancel changes if you do not want to save your changes e Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback The assumption in sc
13. 2 Biel chrom a Ol alols errian IAEA et teeter ten vee ee ner ten Monnet tree iver ETE AEE AEO 70 6 8 1 3 Modify WITT MULES VNC Cc sda hence Sau aa crs die ecient Ae shen het hed Ata acn a ce ace eh cnet ee ak 70 6 8 1 4 POG Proportion aly zeeni tetas sue E E 70 6 8 1 5 Delete TROON ION liere a e E E E atest 71 6 8 1 6 MOIY Fe HOOT OMV AIG ness a e E a T 71 OO INEGUA OS EE E E E tnede Sarandon e ahtsede daalen navebuancadea ds ailecdvadeed cated 71 6 8 2 1 Add inequality between Quantities s cicccsvesisccsecsoicsscencaienedsvcdovseklessnednetdedsehesoaredesadsoeenddearacaustnsuenedeaneess 71 6 8 2 2 Add In equality between a Quantity and one of its Point Values ccccceesseceesseeeessseeeens 71 6 8 2 3 Add In equality between Values of different QUANTITIES 0 0 ccccccccsseccessseceenseeeeetseeeesseeeens T2 6 8 2 4 Add In equality between a Quantity Derivative and its Value 00sseosesessessssessssesessrressersssrressen 72 6 8 2 5 Add In equality between Derivatives of two Quantities 0 0 0 ee ccc cccesscceesseceessseccessseceesseeeesseeeeens 72 6 8 2 6 Delete a Inequality or Equality in a Model Fragment ccc eccscccessecceesseeeeesseeeeseeeesssesessseeeeees 73 6 8 2 7 Modify a Inequality or Equality in a Model Fragment ccccccccccsssceessccesseceessceessecesseeeesseeesseeeeaes T3 6 8 2 8 Add Calculation PIUS MIN moneron tenoaren n aes tbs 73 6 8 2 9 Delete Calculavo n PUS MIN kaaranan a a E E tonataueenee 74
14. 6 5 CONFIGURATIONS IN MODEL FRAGMENTS aitoris iia a i a a a aaa 66 OO Adda CONN CITAIION between ENUUS arire a a a iR 66 032 Delea Conf Uran Onser e EE E EE E A ERO 66 OD Modia COn OUTO Oei EE ENEE EE E A EE A E A R 66 034 Keyboard and MOUSE SHOTICIUS uresen a ei a aa a a a aR 67 6 6 QUANTITIES AND QUANTITY SPACES IN MODEL FRAGMENTS ssccccsecccsecccscccenecceecsescceenscseeceeeeceees 67 6 6 1 Adding a Quantity with Quantity space to an Entity INStANCE cccccccccssesecccccceee ee eeeseeceeeeeaaasssseeseeeeeaas 67 6 6 2 Deleting a Quantity with Quantity space from an Entity INSTANCE cccccccccccccccseeeesseeeeceeeaaeesseseeeeeeeaas 68 6 6 3 Modifying a Quantity with Quantity space connected to an Entity INStANCE 6ccccccceeeeeeeeeeecceeeeeees 68 60 4 Keyboard and Mouse ShOTTCUS ieoicia e Anei E E A O a a e a E aa 68 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 6 7 VALUESIN MODELFRAGMENTS s iitetorsstoscticiasaucecche E E E a E E 69 6 7 1 Set ad Value on a Quantity Magnitude oeccccccccsscccccccccccs ee eeeseecceeee ee eeeeeeeeeeeea ae eeeeeeeeeeaaaaeseseeeeeeeseaaaseeeeeeeeas 69 0 7 2 Sera VAC OF a Deri vallV cise ai aE OE 69 Oo DIG Vet eee 69 Oe Mod VG NING ae eee O a 69 6 8 DEPENDENCIES IN MODEL FRAGMENTS viscssrcnevsstaccteaaencvevendeodenaysvouevavensdeeadenctentwaoodewaysveusveuenadeeeaeneteusudeedens 69 GOA Camal DCD CNACACICS e a EE A E EE E E AOAR 69 6 8 1 1 yANe ol qui Wl2 NCO orae E E A nee 69 6 8 1
15. At least one qs value has an invalid name o Press Cancel changes to continue 32 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 o Change the name of the culprit value lt may not contain any forbidden characters i e numbers e Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback The quantity space contains points but not zero Most quantity spaces that contain points contain point zero Zero is an important value to consider in your quantity space because it allows the simulation engine to perform certain calculations o Press the button Apply changes if you want to continue o Press the button Cancel changes if you do not want to save your changes 4 6 Agents Agents are used to model processes that affect the system of interest but are external to it For example if the system of interest is a river a polluting factory might be modelled as an agent that adds pollution to the river while not being part of the river itself Agents are labels that are applied within scenarios and model fragments If a particular label appears in a scenario model fragments that contain that agent label as a condition are applied If the label does not appear in the scenario these model fragments are ignored 4 6 1 Working with Agents e Press the button Open agent hierarchy editor in the Garp3 main screen The agent hierarchy editor will appear see Figure 16 Agent hierarchy Build gt 9
16. Press Cancel if you want to abort the delete operation 6 1 11 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts To speed up your work it may be worth learning some of the keyboard and mouse shortcuts for operations which often reoccur when working with model fragments Del Delete Enter or Double click on an icon Properties M Add a Model Fragment as a condition Space Collapse Ctrl Space Collapse Ctrl S Save model to disk Ctrl R Show Relevant Expand Tree H Hide 6 2 Conditions and Consequences When you add a piece of knowledge to your model fragment you will first need to determine whether it concerns a condition or a consequence Conditions specify what must be present or hold in order for the model fragment to apply Consequences specify the knowledge that should be introduced when the model fragment applies Conditions are displayed in red while consequences are displayed in blue To add a condition or consequence to a model fragment do the following e Choose a button from the Conditions or Consequences toolbar depending on which you want to edit Not all types of model ingredients are admitted in all cases as shown in Table 4 Some types are forbidden as conditions some are forbidden as consequences in certain types of model fragments 61 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Table 4 Possible conditions and consequences in model fragments Possible conditions Poss
17. Press the button Open assumption definitions editor The assumption definitions editor will appear see Section 4 7 6 11 Importing other Model Fragments It is possible to import other model fragments as conditions to reuse information specified earlier 77 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 6 11 1 Add a Model Fragment as a condition e Press the button Add model fragment as condition in the button bar A window will appear entitled Add a new conditional model fragment Build as shown in Figure 43 e Select the Model Fragment you want to add e Press the button Apply changes The selected model fragment will appear as a red icon AX add a new conditional modelfragment Build Model fragments Static Population Process Birth Death Agent Colonisation Immigration Remarks Figure 43 Adding another model fragment as a condition 6 11 2 Deleting a conditional Model Fragment e Select the Model Fragment you want to delete e Select the Delete option in the Edit menu A warning message may be generated if this action will cause other changes lf a warning message is presented press the button Apply changes if you want to confirm the deletion 6 11 3 Editing a conditional Model Fragment e Select the Model Fragment you want to modify e Select the Properties option in the Edit menu e Press the Edit button A window will appear entitled Edit conditi
18. e Press the button Save changes to model when you are finished The new attribute will be added the list of attribute definitions Note that an attribute definition requires at least one possible value A warning message may appear when this requirement is not fulfilled 4 2 3 Add Attribute Value e Press the button Add attribute value on the right of the possible values A New value will be added to the list of possible values for the attribute that you are working on e Change the name of the value in the field below 4 2 4 Delete Attribute Value e Press the button Delete selected attribute value The selected attribute value will be removed from the list of possible values 4 2 5 Move Attribute Value Up or Down e Press the button Move value up or Move value down to move the position of the selected attribute value upwards or downwards in the list of possible values This allows you to order the list of possible values in a particular way 4 2 6 Delete Attribute Definition e Select the attribute that must be deleted e Press the button Delete selected attribute definition e Press the button Save changes to model when you are finished 4 2 7 Modify Attribute Definition e Select the attribute that must be modified e Now you can do the following o Change the attribute s name in the Name field o Add one or more attribute values o Delete attribute values o Move a value up or down Add or
19. four chapters Chapter 7 describes how to run simulations Chapter 8 explains how to select states and paths Chapter 9 discusses inspecting simulations Chapter 10 describes additional menu options 81 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 7 Running Simulations The main screen of the simulation environment appears see Figure 46 when one of the simulate tasks Simulate scenario Full simulation or Open the simulator to its current state or a saved simulation see section 2 4 1 is activated from the Garp3 main screen The operations dealing with running simulations can be performed using the buttons below the Run header First you select a scenario to simulate if you haven t done so already Then you can run the simulation engine step by step by performing operations on selected states or do a full simulation This results in a state transition graph which is displayed in the main simulate screen In the state transition graph states are depicted as numbered circles and transitions as arrows between states ke Population behaviour Simulate mi 5 x File Miew Display Select lt a 5 0 Sb Open trace window Full simulation Selected states ny Selected path AM CECS Terminate selected states Order selected states Find successors for selected states Figure 46 The Simulate main screen with the options for running simulations 7 1 1 Select a scenario to simula
20. gen Neighbour Name Neighbour Models a neighbouring population which has an external influence Edit the agent hierarchy Figure 16 Adding a new agent in the hierarchy editor The agent hierarchy editor works in the same way as the entity hierarchy editor 33 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 4 6 2 Add an Agent e Select the parent agent e Press the button Add agent to hierarchy A window will appear called Add a new agent Build e Type a unique name in the Name field of this window e Add a remark if desired The presence of remarks is signified by a symbol following the name of the agent involved e Press the button Apply changes The new agent is added to the hierarchy When you make a mistake you can correct it before applying your changes or you can cancel your changes by pressing the button Cancel changes 4 6 3 Delete an Agent e Select the agent that must be deleted e Press the button Delete entry from hierarchy 4 6 4 Modify an Agent e Select the agent that must be modified e Press the button Show properties e You can now change the name of the agent and its parent by selecting another available agent in the Parent listbox You may also add comments about the agent in the Remarks text field e Press the button Apply changes 4 6 5 View Change the View of the Agent Hierarchy There are several options to manipulate the view of the hi
21. graph based on a particular scenario The state transition graph represents the possible behaviour s of the system given the knowledge specified in the model Each state represents the system at a particular point or interval in time Garp3 includes adaptable views to inspect this state transition graph and the contents of specific states in detail While each of the tools in Garp3 has considerable value in itself the complete set of tools for model building and inspecting simulation results constitute a uniquely powerful software package As a whole Garp3 allows users to build interactive knowledge representations which reflect and support their understanding of the behaviour of systems in ecology and other domains 9 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Part I Getting Started In this part you will learn about the main screen of Garp3 and general aspects of the interface It consists of two chapters e Chapter 2 Main operations in Garp3 e Chapter 3 General aspects of the Garps interface 10 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 2 Main Operations in Garp3 The main screen of Garp3 offers access to the main operations which are divided in three categories file operations build operations and simulate operations When you start Garps only the toolbar for the file operations is shown while the build and simulate toolbars are collapsed see Figure 1 ft Garp3 0 3 9 Open main heip page
22. is a shortcut in the interface to open the agent definitions editor directly from within the window Add a new agent Build e Press the button Open agent definitions editor The agent definitions editor will appear see Section 4 6 76 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 6 10 Assumptions in Model Fragments It is possible to add an assumption to an entity or to add a general assumption 6 10 1 Adding an Assumption e Press the button Add assumption as condition in the condition column of the button bar A window will appear entitled Add a new assumption Build as shown in Figure 42 e Select the Assumption that you want to add e Add remarks if desired e Press the button Apply changes er Add a new assumption Build Instance Any population imported Figure 42 Adding an assumption to a model fragment 6 10 2 Deleting an Assumption e Select the Assumption you want to delete e Open the Edit menu and select the option Delete 6 10 3 Modifying an Assumption e Select the Assumption you want to modify e Open the Edit menu and select the option Properties Now you can change the parent name and the comments of the assumption e Press the button Apply changes 6 10 4 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There is a shortcut in the interface to open the assumption definitions editor directly from within the window Add a new assumption Build e
23. is used for contents of imported model fragments The icons used in the table are examples Table 3 The use of colour in model fragments ctos Green Parent model fragment and its contents Colour Yellow fill Relevant information is hidden from view Black Contents of imported model fragments Finally in the Simulate environment highlighting in red is used to indicate the selection of states and the current value in quantity spaces 20 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Part Il Building Models In this part you will learn how to build models in Garps Part Il consists of three chapters e Chapter 4 explains how to define the elementary building blocks for your model e Chapter 5 describes how these and other elements can be put together into a scenario e Chapter 6 describes in a similar way how to define model fragments 21 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 4 Defining Building Blocks Building blocks are the ingredients of your model There are several types of building blocks available in Garp3 Entities configurations and attributes deal with the structure of the system you are modelling Quantities and quantity spaces deal with the behaviour of the system Assumptions and agents are building blocks for the advanced modeller Each of these types of building blocks is discussed in detail in the following subsections 4 1 Entities Entities are the physical objects or abstract co
24. of the system that play a role in the scenario you are working on 5 2 1 Adding an Entity Instance e Press the button Add entity A window will appear with the title Add a new entity See Figure 21 Select the Entity that you want to instantiate Type a name for the entity instance in the Name field Add remarks in the Remarks field if desired Press the button Apply changes g gt Add a new entity Build State Entities Habitat Population Name Entity Remarks Figure 21 Adding an entity instance to the scenario 5 2 2 Deleting an Entity Instance You can delete unwanted entity instances from a model fragment 43 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Select the Entity Instance you want to delete e Select the Delete option from the Edit menu lf the instance has any other attached elements a warning will be given e fa warning message is presented press the button Apply changes to confirm the deletion 5 2 3 Modifying an Entity Instance You can modify an entity instance by changing its name or remarks e Select the Entity Instance you want to modify e Select the Properties option from the Edit menu Here you can change the parent name and the remarks of the instance e Press the button Apply changes 5 2 4 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during t
25. of two parts conditions and consequences The conditions specify what must be present in a state for the model fragment to apply The consequences specify what information will be added to a state when the model fragment applies unless it was already present The use of ingredients in model fragments differs from their use in scenarios as in scenarios ingredients are incorporated as facts instead of as conditions or consequences 6 1 Working with Model Fragments To work with model fragments you will need to open the Model Fragments Editor and carry out one of the tasks described below 6 1 1 Open Model Fragments Editor The model fragments editor allows creating and editing of model fragments e Press the button Open Model Fragments Editor in the Garp3 main screen A window will appear entitled Build Model fragments displaying the hierarchy of model fragments see Figure 30 Build Model fragments Figure 30 The list of model fragments 6 1 2 Create a new Model Fragment You create a new model fragment as a child of another model fragment or as a member of one of the general categories Static Process or Agent e Select the parent Supertype of the model fragment This can be either one of Static Process Agent or an existing model fragment This screen is expected to change in future versions of Garp3 57 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Press the button Add model fragment
26. or equal derivative d gt Greater or equal derivative Select all inequalities Deselect all inequalities 9 6 5 Showing or Hiding Correspondences The bottom group of radio buttons toggle the display of the correspondences FQ Full quantity correspondence dQ Derivative Quantity correspondence Q Quantity correspondence dV Derivative Value correspondence V Value correspondence dQ Inverse Derivative Quantity correspondence Qn Inverse Quantity correspondence Select all correspondences Deselect all correspondences 9 6 6 View properties of quantities and entities e Place the mouse on a quantity or an entity and keep it stationary for a while A tooltip with specific information about that quantity or an entity will appear The tooltip will disappear as soon as the mouse Is moved again e Double click with the mouse on a quantity to see even more information about that quantity This will be displayed in a popup window 9 6 7 Change layout entities e Press the button Change layout entities The quantities inside entities remain organized as they are within their entity e Repeat the above operation if desired e Adjust the layout by hand by dragging entities with the mouse if desired When an entity is moved all quantities inside it move with it The layout mechanism used is a spring based mechanism which tries to keep tightly connected entities close together However the mechanism is non deterministic in na
27. termination rules can be combined and to determine which have priority e Press the button Order selected states Garp will prune the termination rules based on priority rules and merge terminations that occur simultaneously The status of the states is changed to ordered This is visible in the state transition graph by a change in the states colour to brown 7 1 4 Find successors for selected states Finally you can ask Garp3 to find successors for selected states by determining the effects of the applicable termination rules e Press the button Find successors for selected states Garp3 will determine whether the remaining terminations result in transitions to new or already existing states In that case transitions and possibly states will be added to the state transition graph In any case the status of the state is changed to closed This is visible in the state transition graph by a change in the states colour to black 7 1 5 Full simulation Instead of running the simulation step by step for selected states it is also possible to run a full simulation e Press the button Full simulation lt ScenarioName gt Garp3 will determine all possible terminations and find all possible successors and repeat this until no more terminations can be found The complete state transition graph will be displayed see Figure 47 83 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 File Select F
28. the file you are saving o Cancel will abort the save operation 10 2 The View Menu The View menu offers an alternative way to open several views It is possible to choose one of the following views from this menu Quantity values see section 9 1 Value history see section 9 2 Equation history see section 9 3 Transition history See section 9 4 E R Structure see section 9 5 Dependencies see section 9 6 Model fragments see section 9 7 e Current scenario see section 5 1 7 e Scenarios see section 5 1 1 The first seven views listed above refer to Simulate views described in previous sections of this Chapter The last two views are shortcuts to the Build environment see Part Il of this document where you can edit the current scenario or choose between scenarios to edit or simulate 106 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 10 3 The Display Menu The display menu offers several additional options to change the view in the state transition graph and the dependencies view Section 10 3 1 10 3 5 describe options for The state transition graph section 10 3 6 describes options for the dependencies view 10 3 1 Layout e Choose the option Layout from the Display menu Garp3 will try to optimize the layout for the states and terminations Note that the termination nodes are only visible when this is set in the preference settings 10 3 2 Layout States e Choose the option Layout states from
29. to a model fragment 6 3 2 Deleting an Entity Instance You can delete unwanted entity instances from a model fragment e Select the Entity Instance you want to delete e Open the Edit menu and select the option Delete If the instance has any other attached elements a warning will be given e fa warning is presented press the Apply button to confirm the deletion 6 3 3 Modifying an Entity Instance You can modify an entity instance by changing its name or remarks e Select the Entity Instance you want to modify e Open the Edit menu and select the option Properties Now you can change the parent name and the remarks of the instance 6 3 4 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during the operations related to entity instances in a model fragment are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem e Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback The a willbe deleted because is no longer part of the model fragment e You have chosen to delete something which has other items in the model fragment associated to it Deleting it would imply that some of these connected items are also deleted o Press the button Apply changes if you want to continue o Press the button Cancel changes if you want to abort the delete operation 63 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 6 3 5 Keyboard and
30. vertical to show the hierarchy in a vertical format Press the button Layout hierarchy horizontal to show the hierarchy in a horizontal format 23 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Entity hierarchy Build z ioj xi Edit lew Entity hierarchy Build Set of entities Edit View Layout hierarchy list E Biological entity l x Population t Fntity a alles Som ii Biological entity Plant Layout hierarchy vertical hierarchy vertical Animal Population Plant Animal Edit the entity hierarchy Lizard Frog Deet Edit the entity hierarchy Figure 11 Alternative views on the entity hierarchy the list view left and the vertical view right It is also possible to collapse expand a part of the hierarchy e Select the entity to be collapsed expanded e Select the option Collapse or Expand from the View menu Now all entities that exist below it are hidden from view or made visible again To make sure that the whole hierarchy is visible you can expand all e Select the option Expand all from the View menu 4 1 6 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during the operations related to entities are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem e This action is impossible Please check the following feedback A new entity for instance in scenar
31. you change any preference settings you can either save the changes to the model or close the editor without saving the changes by pressing one of the two buttons at the bottom of the screen e Save changes to model e Close this editor In addition to the four preferences mentioned above there are a number of advanced preferences which are not to be used in normal situations To see them press the button Advanced gt gt Now the following advanced preferences will be displayed Derive landmark relations default off Assume inequality terminations default off Assume value terminations default off Generate terminations for gt amp lt default off Remove terminations to unequal for full corresponding quantities default off Use constants in ordering default on Apply quantity space constraints on zero as extreme value default on Remove inactive quantities default off Apply continuity on derivative inequalities default on Allow assumptions on derivatives in reclassifying MFs default off Apply epsilon merging of immediate terminations default on Application of analyse zero equality technique default on Use extra termination rules default off Specify and Match instead of Subsumption default on Use complete rule based transition procedure default off 88 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 8 Selecting States or Paths In the main screen of the Simulate environmen
32. 7 10 3 6 Show Hide Internal Quantity NAMES saxctn otse ass ks has Sik ae ash A ee wee aes ties 107 8 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 1 INTRODUCTION Garp3 is a software package for qualitative reasoning and modelling It offers an integrated set of tools for building qualitative models as well as for running and inspecting simulations based on those models Qualitative models are formal models which provide insight in the causal mechanisms behind the simulated behaviour of the system without the need for numerical data or complex mathematical formulas This makes Garp3 especially useful in domains such as ecology and sustainable development where it is often hard if not impossible to acquire numerical data To support modelling Garp3 offers a graphical workbench that allows the user to build a qualitative model of a particular system in an intuitive way A model is built by creating building blocks such as entities and quantities and combining these into aggregates such as scenarios and model fragments The graphical modelling workbench of Garp3 contains multiple screens in which different parts of the model are specified This supports users in managing their model building tasks Furthermore restrictions built into the software prevent users from creating syntactically incorrect models When the model is sufficiently specified it can be used to run simulations The built in simulation engine generates a state transition
33. AUC na Ee EE a E ETA T E TE E R 31 Fak DECAN QUO a e AEE E E A E dbetssatmaneadteehs 3 BNO SUE ATI CTV QU pa scshivsetoca sear A A E E AA E AAE NAS 32 BNO COMDINCANLCTYV GIS ean E E E E E AES 32 BDI Delle OU IOP O E on aE TE a AE E AA AE A AAE EE 32 BD MYONG POCE aa EE EA E E A AE A EE TA E A SZ BOD COPY Onan SPCC cere sia tstaleietaiaustatatelaks a a 32 4 5 10 EFT OP ONO W ATI MESSIO OS retiisi a EEE EE E E N 32 4 6 AGENTS lt cexiaiasinsi gntendtstu saute smedataanusbsauosnude a a a a Sexauactistaabendieadts 33 AOD _ WOKS WI A CONUS wreats sisceatatciuceintiindhadeiteadcunvetcaueciattinlebedtitcadadaicdedeteisecdatiedebsatebeateletaeteieneataae 33 BOL Add anA T oe eaa a a aea a ati k 34 BOS PICO GI ACCT scrasesins dines e T devant hamentated nea an A E A NT ates aaueneneleds 34 BOA ModUY On AREN Aa coche a T tialve openers che enteted pwalvantolia E TR 34 4 6 5 View Change the View of the Agent Hierarchy cccccccccccssssscccccccencneesseceeeeeaaeeessecceeeeauaaseseeseeeessaaaaaes 34 466 Errorand Warmin MICSSACES saints cacy acu stuetbieitess dae sheen EE a TEA SEA EE DE a a 34 407 Keybodid SNOICULS oriana E a E A A AEE cc catdineigtedneOes 35 4 7 PAS SUMP TIONS crisare e r E E ETE E TON ceva dnnnnenis abl E N 35 AZI Working wih ASSUMmPUONS reer ea TT A A EE 35 BTL LAG OW ASSUMP ONG eas crag esas cae T ated enw eked PAGAN EER a 36 BTS Pellea AS SUI OW ci ai ok cases esa aetna ATEN TED Aa 36 ALA MOGI CN AS SIND NOU aiie Rea eSEA Rea EGE
34. Attribute definition Colour Contaminated Instance Pond Figure 34 Adding an attribute to a model fragment 6 4 2 Deleting an Attribute from an Entity Instance e Select the Attribute you want to delete e Select the Delete option in the Edit menu 6 4 3 Modifying an Attribute connected to an Entity Instance select the Attribute you want to modify Select the Properties option in the Edit menu Press the button Apply changes 6 4 4 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts Now you can change the properties of the Attribute as described in section 4 2 7 D 4 2 1 There is a shortcut in the interface to open the attribute definitions editor directly from within the window Add a new attribute Build e Press the button Open attribute definitions editor The attribute definitions editor will appear see Section 4 2 65 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 6 5 Configurations in Model Fragments Configurations are used to specify structural relationships between entities and or agents To incorporate a configuration in a model fragment a configuration definition is required 6 5 1 Add a Configuration between Entities Note you already need to have two entities in the Model Fragment Select the two entities between which the configuration must be assigned use the Shift button to make multiple selections Press the button Add configuration in the Condition or Consequ
35. Elements View g ee Se FF s a a SG Population Frog Sml BLarce Sifedium T fma Instance Frog Instance Frog Quantity Number of Quantity Biomass VALUE VALUE s4 Figure 26 Adding an in equality to the scenario 5 7 1 2 Add In equality between Quantity Values In order to add an in equality between quantity values your scenario should contain at least two quantities with quantity spaces 51 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Select the two quantity point values from different quantity spaces between which the in equality must hold while holding down the Shift key Note that you can only select point values not intervals e Press the button Add inequality A window will appear with the title Add a new inequality Build similar to Figure 26 Choose the kind of ordinal relation you wish by pressing the appropriate radio button If necessary press the button Switch arguments Add remarks if desired Press the button Apply changes 5 7 1 3 Add In equality between a Quantity and a Point Value In order to add this type of inequality your scenario should contain a quantity with at least one point value in its quantity space It is not possible to create an inequality from a quantity to an interval e Select the quantity and a point value from its quantity space for which the in equality must hold while holding down the Shift key e Press the
36. Equations The equations between derivatives will be excluded from the list 9 3 8 Print Equation History to File e Press the button Print equation history to file postscript A Save file browser will appear e Select the directory in which the postscript file should be saved e Select or type a file name for the postscript file e Press the button Save 9 3 9 Close the Equation History View e Press the button Close this window 9 3 10 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There is a mouse shortcut in the Equation history view e Double mouse click on a generic equation Draw equation history for that generic equation 9 4 The Transition History View The transitions history view provides an overview of transitions for or between selected states 9 4 1 Open the Transition History View for Selected States e Select the states of interest e Press the button Transition history Garp will display a window called Transitions for selected states StateList Simulate as shown in Figure 54 In this window the transition names are shown on the left in the format MtN e g 1t1 The first number indicates the state of origin for that transition and the second number indicates that it is the Nth transition for that state 9 4 2 Open the Transition History View for a Selected Path e Select the path of interest 95 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Press the button Transition histo
37. History View e Press the button Close this window 9 2 9 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There is a mouse shortcut in the Value history view e Double mouse click on a quantity Draw value history for that quantity 9 3 The Equation History View The equation history view shows an overview of selected in equalities for multiple states 93 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 9 3 1 Open the Equation History View for selected States or Path e Select the states or path of interest e Press the button Equation history Garp3 will display a window called Equation history view see Figure 53 On the top left side of this window a list of generic equations between quantities is shown where the in equality sign is replaced by a This list indicates that information is available about the ordinal relationships between the quantities involved Equation history view ts o x Number of Green frog Zero Number of Green frog Zero SS eS SS b 123456 7 E j equations Derivative equations Select amp A Graph Figure 53 The equation history view 9 3 2 Select Equations e Select an equation with the mouse e Select additional equations while holding down the Ctrl key if desired e Press the button Select all to select all generic equations 9 3 3 Deselect Equations e Deselect individual equations with the mouse while holding down the Ctrl key e Press the bu
38. Mouse Shortcuts There are several keyboard shortcuts for working with model fragments E Add entity as condition Q Add quantity as condition when an entity instance is selected Ctrl E Add entity as consequence Ctrl Q Add quantity as consequence when an entity instance is selected Add assumption as condition Ctrl S Save model to disk Ctrl A Add agent instance Ctrl R Show Relevant In addition there is a shortcut in the interface to open the entity definitions editor directly from within the window Add a new entity Build e Press the button Open entity definitions editor 6 4 Attributes in Model Fragments Attributes are features of entities or agents that in principle do not change To incorporate an attribute in a model fragment an attribute definition is required 6 4 1 Adding an Attribute to an Entity Instance e Select the Entity Instance to which you want to attach an Attribute e Press the button Add attribute in the Consequence or Condition column of the button bar A window will appear entitled Add a new Attribute Build see Figure 34 e Select the Attribute definition you want to add to the Entity Instance e Select the Value associated with the Attribute in the Model Fragment e Press the button Apply changes 64 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME A add a new attribute Build State Condition Consequence
39. R AAA REA 36 4 7 5 View Change the View of the Assumption Hierarchy cccccccccccseseeecceeeeeeee nen eeseeeeeeeaaaaeeeeeeeeesaaaasseees IF 470 Errorand WAITING Messa ES carane a AE 37 BT ICV DOATE SHOIICUAS onsena coe scodeveaucman ocasasetne E E A E MGR 37 4 8 ABOUT HIS MODE Ceinion e E E E e E E cea ee aman mae ett 38 5 SCENARIOS orsina EE E A E EEE A EE A EEEE EE 39 5 1 WORKING VITH SCENARIO onean e N edb yiaeudl Gudseeamadiiatacde 39 Died WOPCHIN CINE SCENATIOS OILOF eaae e Een A EEE E E E A 59 IN ATECA neW SCONOIIO aia a a a 59 Jdss DELAST eerie e a a A a A 40 Lha Mody SCA OF TOPCTUCS Tairi E AEE E S ET EE EA 40 Is COPA SCONOTIO ia E EE E R E E E E EROS 40 O dN OOC NAO area aa E ETE AEE E E E E 40 Sit ERSEL a Nane ed SCNT O air EEA EE A A S 4 5 1 8 View Change the View of the Scenario Editor cccccccccccssseecccccceeee na eeeseecceeeeneeeseeeeeeeeaaaeeseeeeeeeeesaaaaees 4 Dale EPLOT ANG WATIING MICS SAGES hier vale cater sanbseslan tiles tdci entoled neatdu E elles adehenteled E sheueene nen 42 5 1 10 Keyboard and Mouse SROTICULS noi ise artiste thei ontaled neues sa eae ails heen E E S 43 5 2 ENTITY INSTANCES JIN SCENARIOS rooier ioana PaT EE ETAETA ATE 43 J2 Adno aw Enu NSTONC E sasi neeaae a E ATETEA AET 43 322 Deleting an EnV INSIONCE mine a i T a T A 43 D293 Modine OME NUL TASIONCE sirere e ees Hasciceoya deste ETE es Aaa aes 44 Jak Errorand Warnine Mesag cicires cocictan cette nese E E 44 J2 Keyboard and Mo
40. TURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 4 4 6 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during the operations related to quantities are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem e Conflict This action is impossible Please check the following feedback Numbers are not allowed in the name of a quantity definition o Press the button Cancel changes and type a new name without numbers e Conflict This action is impossible Please check the following feedback The quantity definition has no allowed quantity spaces defined A quantity definition requires at least one allowed quantity space o Press the button Cancel changes and add an allowed quantity space 4 4 7 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There is a shortcut in the interface to open the quantity space editor directly from within the quantity definitions editor e Press the button Open quantity space definitions editor The quantity space definitions editor will appear see Section 4 5 4 5 Quantity Spaces A quantity space specifies a range of qualitative values a quantity magnitude or derivative can have A quantity space consists of an ordered set of alternating point and interval values Point values are used to specify interesting values such as boundaries or landmarks e g zero or max while interval values are used to specify the intervals below in between or above point values 4 5 1 Working
41. VIEW ein A e E ENE A A E EE A EN 97 9 5 TAEENTI Y KELA TONS VIEW arcuni ia ae a aa 97 957 SHOW CHILES SCONICUTATONS and GUTIDULCS zis tisieaieteiusriatievadeetestidadetaitiaisariaBaelabeterterdutaiedaveiaiseiatiais 97 OO CHONG TAY OUL EN OSE EERE E E EEE E S AE E E E 97 Des ZPO ounonunneere a neua a e a E 98 9A ZOOM ennnen aeaa a a a T E S 98 GID Pu UA Trono TUE CE OSISCIIDE eniris ien i E EA EE EEE aE 98 93 6 Closethe ENV AR ClOMONS VEW anisini ei T A E Aa a A ai 98 9 6 EHE DEPENDENCIES VIEW orarius iore oria ae EEE TEYAT AN ETON axle TE OEN 98 961 Openme ine Dependencies VIEW corens ar E E Sa a n EOE 98 9 6 2 Showing or Hiding Structure and Quantities socscccccsccndsivesdcccicesansdiceciscctasterasccacsccessssvedacreassebesbecdecvavans 99 9 6 3 Showing or Hiding Causal Dependencie cccccccccssesseccccccccsanssseececccccansssescecccsaaasseeeecccuuaaaaseeseceeeaas 100 90 4 Showme Oriidie Injegualitie s srir a E N T ER 100 9603 Showing OF Hiding Correspondentes rarae n EEE A ENEN 101 9 6 6 View properties of quantities and entities sssoeeeeeeeeeeeessssssssssseeecrrreesssssssssssseeceteeersessssssssseeeseeee 101 DOF Chane lavot enU EE AE EEA E E 101 DOS Change layout guanli eS rinner eE T E ETO 101 90 9 Change layout dependencies casas hese ct Ea OTO N 102 9 6 10 LOOMI a E O 102 9 6 11 LOON OW a EEA E A E N T Mesegreseuers 102 9 6 12 PHALGIQGFANLTO le Potser iI aranea E E a e a a aa 102 9 6 13 Close he dependen ieS VEW ean
42. achotuostaansatevsudicaatmodualodanad saliva Qausbadaanbiennddeds vids gal awsetdstaunaSoebtaueidadabiasentawnentaneness 54 5 8 1 Adding a Agent Instance sitaisha Buta ARIAS 54 De Del ting a Agent INSAN CE ak aos iG A E EEEE E E E a 54 5 8 3 Modifying a Agent INStANCe neeeennnnnnnnnnnnssseeennnssssseeeensssssseeresssssssseeresssssseerrossssseeererssssseeresssssssereens 54 5 8 4 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts ccccccccccssseeecccccceeeeneeeseeceeeennesesseeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeeeeeaaaeaeaseeeeeeesaaaaaseeeeeeeaaaaes 55 5 9 ASSUMPTIONS IN SCENARIOS oriei A E A A A 55 5 9 1 Adding an Assumption to an Entity ccccccccseeccccccccccsenesseeccccccaausseeccccsauausssneeecccesaaausseeeecessuauaaseeseeesaaanes 55 II Addo a venera ASSUMPTION aiae oen aE hA EEE EN A E N EE N EONS 55 IIS wOCLEMNS GASUMI UON s A EEEN EEE E EE A EE A A AARE E Mtoe eee 55 IIa MEO ASSUMP ON ooer ar EAEE E AA r N E E E A E OE AEOS 56 6 MODEL FRAGMENT Siors rien ene intestate 57 6 1 WORKING WITH MODEL FRAGMENTS 6555555 csci00 earr OE nee PEATE A ANTEE AE E TE T O EAEE E 57 GIT Open Modelit ramen EQ Ol in EE EN O A E A Df OlZ Creare anew Model T raene E EN EANA TEAR 57 Ola redea CHiUG 0F GMOCE FI GOEL ai Ges issn E EE A EEN 58 OLA Deere a Model TG CMe crak nE EN ENA O TTAR 58 61 5 Modify the Parent of a Model Fracimentc cciiccsiiacitecttsinceicione ine ido ai vee aa 59 OLO Copra Modil TTAN iis Ak sates oa sacs hnseca Sean eaten E ROT 59 Oded CUE MdA F I OEE S cd iad ek iu stra ea
43. ar with a list of simulations saved before e Select a saved simulation to overwrite or type a new name 105 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Press the Save button The currently active simulation will be saved in its current state Note that this operation does not save information to disk You will have to save the model to disk to do this 10 1 2 Print state transition graph to file You can save a copy of the figure in the screen into a postscript file e Choose the option Print state transition graph to file from the File menu A dialog window will appear with a file browser Select the appropriate directory using the file browser By default Garp3 s working directory is proposed e Type a unique file name e Press the button Save A new postscript file will be created that contains the state transition graph of the current simulation Note To view postscript files a postscript viewer or editing program that can handle postscript is required 10 1 3 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during the file operations are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem e Overwrite lt Filename gt eps This message will appear when you attempt to save your postscript file with a file name of an already existing file You can choose Ok or Cancel o Ok will save overwrite the existing file with
44. arp3 will display a value history for each of the selected quantities with the name of the quantity on top In the value history the following visualisation is used e The selected states are shown on the bottom along the X axis e The possible values in the quantity space are shown on the right along the Y axis e The value in a particular state is shown as a circle on a grey background e The derivative of the quantity in a particular state is shown as a symbol o Min decreasing a small triangle pointing downwards o Zero steady a small black circle o Plus increasing a small triangle pointing upwards o Unknown an empty circle 9 2 5 Clear the Screen e Press the button Clear screen 9 2 6 Sort the List of Quantities The list of quantities can be sorted alphabetically by quantity name the default or by entity name to allow easy selection of quantities with similar names or quantities of the same entity respectively e Press the button Sort by Quantity or Sort by Entity The format of the quantity name will be changed accordingly to QuantityName EntityName or EntityName QuantityName respectively 9 2 7 Print Value History to File e Press the button Print value history to file postscript A Save file browser will appear e Select the directory in which the postscript file should be saved e Select or type a file name for the postscript file e Press the button Save 9 2 8 Close the Value
45. as a condition sometimes the need may occur to refine that conditional model fragment another example of advanced modelling concepts This is typically done in the following situation there are four model fragments A B C and D where A is the parent of B C is the parent of D and C is a condition in A Now you can specify that in model fragment B the conditional model fragment C should be refined to D or any other child of C This is done as follows e Inthe editor for model fragment B select model fragment A e Select the option Show subfragments from the View menu Now the subfragments of A will appear e g model fragment C e Select the imported model fragment C to be refined e Select the option Refine from the View menu A window will appear entitled Add a new model fragment refinement Build with a list of possible refinements children of C e Select one of the possible refinements e g D e Press the button Apply changes A warning message will appear If you are certain press the button Apply changes The refinement will be displayed as in Figure 45 79 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 ADA Sc gt D Figure 45 Refining a conditional model fragment This also works when model fragment B is not a child of A but imports A as a condition 6 14 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There is a shortcut in the interface to open the model fragment editor directly from wi
46. bar with the operations associated to each of the buttons 2 2 2 Opening a model from file You can open one of the example models provided with the Garp3 distribution or another existing model e Press the Open model from file button in the Garp3 main screen A file browser will appear see Figure 3 Use the file browser to locate the hgp file that contains the model you want to open If you were working on another model Garp will present a warning message 12 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Select the file name and press the Ok button The model is opened and the name of the model is shown at the top of the Garp3 main screen replacing the text Empty model as shown in Figure 2 21x Look in O SinglePopulationOpen a amp et Fee File name SinglePopulationd pen Files of type hop Cancel Ee Figure 3 Opening a model from file 2 2 3 Saving a Model lf you have made changes in a model using Garp3 you can save the model using Save current model to file or Save current model to new file e Press the button Show file tasks in the Garp3 main screen if necessary e Press the Save current model to file button if you are modifying an existing model and want to save it in the same file e Press the Save current model to new file button if you have not saved the model before or when you want to save it under a different name A file b
47. build and simulate environment The second consists of model building operations to define building blocks e g entities quantities and quantity spaces which are used to create model fragments and scenarios Finally the third category contains the simulation tasks such as running a simulation and inspecting the resulting state graph using a variety of visualisations The manual provides task oriented instructions for each available operation in Garps accompanied by clarifying examples throughout the text Document history Version Status Date Author 0 1 Draft 6 9 05 Bouwer A 0 2 Draft based on E Bakker s QRM help pages 7 9 05 Bouwer A 0 3 Draft of table of contents 26 09 05 Bouwer A 0 4 Draft of more sections 03 10 05 Bouwer A 0 5 Draft of more sections and abstract by Liem 04 10 05 Bouwer A and Bouwer Liem J 0 6 Reshuffle of structure and more sections added 05 10 05 Bouwer A Liem J Bredeweg B 0 7 Corrections and more text added 06 10 05 Bouwer A Liem J Bredeweg B 0 8 Added references some images and fixes 07 10 05 Liem J 0 9 More figures added 24 10 05 Bouwer A 1 0 Corrections First attempt at completeness 10 11 05 Bouwer A Bredeweg B 1 1 New Functionality trace and preferences 22 11 05 Bredeweg B Bouwer A 1 2 Corrections Some figures added 24 11 05 Liem J Bouwer A 1 3 Corrections added and updated figures 29 11 05 Bredeweg B Li
48. button Add inequality A window will appear with the title Add a new inequality Build similar to Figure 26 e Choose the kind of ordinal relation you wish by pressing the appropriate radio button e Add remarks if desired e Press the button Apply changes 5 7 1 4 Add In equality between a Derivative and a Point Value In order to add this type of inequality your scenario should contain a quantity This can only be used to specify that a derivative is greater than equal to or smaller than zero as this is the only point value in the derivative quantity space e Select a quantity derivative and the zero from its derivative quantity space while holding down the Shift key e Press the button Add inequality A window will appear with the title Add a new inequality Build similar to Figure 26 e Choose the kind of ordinal relation you wish by pressing the appropriate radio button e Add remarks if desired e Press the button Apply changes 5 7 1 5 Add In equality between Derivatives of two Quantities In order to add this type of inequality your scenario should contain at least two quantities e Select the two quantity derivatives for which the in equality must hold while holding down the Shift key e Press the button Add inequality A window will appear with the title Add a new inequality Build similar to Figure 26 Choose the kind of ordinal relation you wish by pressi
49. can be determined and vice versa A normal quantity space correspondence indicates that the lowest value of Q1 corresponds to the lowest value of Q2 and the highest value of Q1 to the highest value of Q2 and similarly for all values in between An inverse quantity space correspondence indicates that the highest value of Q1 corresponds to the lowest value of Q2 and the lowest value of Q1 to the highest value of Q2 etc 6 8 3 1 Adding a Correspondence between Quantity spaces In order to add a correspondence between quantity spaces you must have at least two quantities in your Model Fragment e Select both quantity spaces by clicking on their names while holding down the Shift key e Press the button Add correspondence as a consequence in the Consequences column of the button bar A window will appear labelled Add a new correspondence Build as shown in Figure 40 e Tick the top checkbox Select directed correspondence if the correspondence should be directed If it is directed you can switch the order of arguments if desired by pressing the button Switch arguments e Tick the bottom checkbox Select inverse correspondence if the correspondence should be an inverse correspondence In this case the top value of quantity Q1 corresponds to the bottom value of quantity Q2 instead of its top value e Press the button Apply changes 74 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 10 x A
50. ce is now added to the list of allowed quantity spaces e Add a remark if desired e Press the button Save changes when you are finished i gt Quantity definitions Build 0 x J Add quantity definition PH cory selec Name Bom 1 Name of quantity Allowed quantity spaces Preview ip Aa ae l Open quantity space E definitions editor Copy selected quantity definition 7 Delete selected quantity definition Add delete selected quantity space Remarks Po s eo g Close this editor Figure 14 The quantity definitions editor 4 4 3 Delete Quantity e Select the quantity that must be deleted e Press the Delete selected quantity definition button in the dialogue e Press the button Save changes when you are finished 4 4 4 Modify Quantity e Select the quantity that must be modified e Change the name remark or the Quantity Space of the selected quantity e Press the button Save changes to model when you are finished 4 4 5 Copy Quantity e Select the quantity that you want to copy e Press the button Copy selected quantity definition A copy of the quantity will appear with the same name followed by copy possibly including a number indicating that it is the n copy e Change the name remark or the Quantity Space of the selected quantity if desired e Press the button Save changes to model when you are finished 29 107 Project No 004074 NA
51. ce should be inverse or not e Switch the order of arguments in a directed correspondence e Add or change remarks e Press the button Apply changes 75 1107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 6 9 Agents in Model Fragments 6 9 1 Adding an Agent Instance e Press the button Add agent as condition in the button bar A window will appear entitled Add a new agent Build e Select the Agent that you want to instantiate e Press the button Apply changes Note agent instances can only be added in an Agent Model Fragment 6 9 2 Deleting an Agent Instance Select the Agent Instance you want to delete Open the Edit menu and select the option Delete lf the instance has any other attached elements a warning will be given lf a warning is presented press the button Apply changes if you want to confirm the deletion 6 9 3 Modifying an Agent Instance e Select the Agent Instance you want to modify e Open the Edit menu and select the option Properties e A window will appear entitled Agent Instance properties Build as shown in Figure 41 Here you can change the parent name and the remarks of the instance e Press Apply changes a Agent Instance properties Build Neighbour Name Factory Remarks Industrial factories are a source of pollution Figure 41 Editing agent instance properties in a model fragment 6 9 4 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There
52. ces section 6 6 Values section 6 7 Dependencies section 6 8 Agents section 6 9 Assumptions section 6 10 Imported MFs section 6 11 Identity links Section 6 12 and Refinements section 6 13 Help on each of these topics can be found in the remainder of this chapter The use of colours is explained in section 3 5 e Select the option Save model to disk from the Edit menu to save the model e Close the window in the top right corner when you have finished editing the model fragment The model fragment will automatically be saved 59 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Population Static fragment Model Fragment Editor Build Oj x Edit Conditions Consequences View Ry euistion Any population Figure 32 The model fragment editor 6 1 8 Editing the last changed Model Fragment You can open the model fragment editor for the last changed model fragment directly from the main screen e Press the button Edit model fragment lt ModelFragmentNames gt in the Garp3 main screen 6 1 9 View Change the View of the Model Fragment Editor You can change the view of the model fragment editor to hide or show parts of the display e Open the View menu e Select one of the following options to hide a part of the display o Collapse hide all information attached below the selected model ingredient Collapse Relations hide relations attached to the selected model ingredient Show Relevan
53. change remarks if desired Press the button Save changes to model when you are finished 4 2 8 Copy Attribute Definition e Select the attribute that you want to copy e Press the button Copy selected attribute definition A copy of the attribute will appear with the same name followed by copy possibly including a number indicating that it is the n copy e Now you can modify the attribute copy if desired e Press the button Save changes to model when you are finished 26 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 4 2 9 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during the operations related to attributes are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem e Conflict This action is impossible Please check the following feedback The attribute definition has no possible values defined An attribute definition requires at least one possible value o Press the button Cancel changes and add at least one possible value before saving the attribute definition e Confirm changes You made changes to this attribute definition Do you want to save them Now you have three options o Press the button Save changes to model if you want to save your changes o Press the button Cancel changes if you want to discard your changes o Press the button Edit changes if you want to edit the attribute definition further 4 3 Confi
54. cted quantity Enter Edit the properties of the selected quantity In addition there is a shortcut in the interface to open the quantity definitions editor directly from within the window Add a new quantity Build e Press the button Open quantity definitions editor 5 6 Values in Scenarios It is possible to set a value on a quantity magnitude or on a derivative 5 6 1 Set a Value on a Quantity Magnitude In order to set a value on a quantity magnitude you already need to have a quantity with a connected quantity space e Select the value in the quantity space that you want the quantity to have e Press the button Add value A blue arrow will be added pointing to the selected value see Figure 25 49 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Population behaviour Scenario Editor Build a Oj x Edit l Elements View ores Frog Q Aumber of Q Biomass iT j il fT BLorce i Large a Bhidh Sedum amp Bo Boral Figure 25 Setting a value on a quantity in the scenario 5 6 2 Set a Value on a Quantity Derivative In order to set a value on a quantity derivative you already need to have a quantity with a connected quantity space and a derivative Select the value in the derivative s quantity space that you want the derivative to have Press the button Add value A blue arrow will be added pointing to the selected derivative value Del
55. dden a small icon is displayed near the items involved e g see the quantity Number of in Figure 20 e Select one of the following options to show a hidden part of the display o Expand show all information attached below the selected model ingredient o Expand relations show relations attached to the selected model ingredient o Expand all tree show all information from the selected tree that was hidden 5 1 9 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during the operations related to scenarios are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem e Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback Warning You are about to delete the scenario which already has content You have chosen to delete a scenario that has already some content defined in it Deleting the scenario would imply that its contents are also deleted o Press the button Apply changes if you want to continue o Press the button Cancel changes if you want to abort the delete operation 42 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 5 1 10 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There are several keyboard shortcuts for working with scenarios Ctrl S Save model to disk Ctrl E Add Entity Ctrl A Add Agent Assumption Ctrl R Show Relevant Del Delete Enter Properties 5 2 Entity Instances in Scenarios Entity instances are the parts
56. de as soon as possible because support for this mode will be discontinued in the future Simulations run with previous versions of Garp are not guaranteed to produce the same result most likely they will differ Furthermore it is impossible to use the build tasks in legacy mode 2 2 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during file operations are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem e The current model has changed Save it You have chosen to open another file while you have unsaved changes in the current model file You can choose Save Skip changes or Cancel o Save will save your changes in the model file you were working on o Skip changes will discard your changes o Cancel will return to the model you were working on e lt FileName gt does not exist The selected file could not be found in the selected directory Maybe you forgot to select a file or you made a typing mistake in the file name It is also possible that you are looking in the wrong directory Press the Ok button and select another file and or directory to try again 2 2 8 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There are currently no shortcuts for the file operations 15 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 2 3 Build The Build environment of Garp3 allows you to build models by defining several types of building blocks and combi
57. ding an Assumption to an Entity e Select the Entity instance e Press the button Add assumption A window will appear with the title Add a new assumption Build See Figure 29 e Select the Assumption that you want to add e Add remarks in the Remarks field if desired e Press the button Apply changes A gt add anew assumption Build D x Open population Instance Frog Figure 29 Adding an assumption to an entity in the scenario 5 9 2 Adding a general Assumption e Press the button Add assumption A window will appear with the title Add a new assumption Build similar to Figure 29 e Select the Assumption that you want to add e Add remarks in the Remarks field if desired e Press the button Apply changes 5 9 3 Deleting a Assumption e Click on the Assumption you want to delete e Select the option Delete from the Edit menu 55 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME 5 9 4 Modifying a Assumption Click on the Assumption you want to modify Select the option Properties from the Edit menu Now you can change the parent name and the comments of the assumption 56 107 D 4 2 1 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 6 Model Fragments Garp3 allows you to create model fragments as generic reusable parts of your model They contain knowledge about specific processes agents or static aspects related to the system of interest Model fragments consist
58. e entity it belongs to There are various options available to manipulate the dependencies view to show more or less types of information 9 6 1 Opening the Dependencies View You can open the dependencies view for a particular state or multiple states In the latter case a separate screen will appear for each state e Inthe Simulate main screen select the desired state s e Press the button Show dependencies button in the Simulate main screen 98 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Dependencies in state 2 Simulate Green frog reservoir Immigration _ Green frog A Number of Figure 57 The dependencies view The dependency view window provides scroll bars when part of the figure is hidden from view They can be used to move the figure as a whole horizontally or vertically 9 6 2 Showing or Hiding Structure and Quantities The top group of radio buttons toggle the display on or off of the Garp3 primitives related to structure and quantities Entities Entities are displayed in the Dependencies view as labelled rectangles To save space only entities with quantities are displayed in the Dependencies view A complete overview of all entities is presented in the Entity Relations view see Section 9 5 Relations and Attributes o A relation is displayed as a line directed towards a black dot with a text label displayed in the middle not shown o An attribute is displayed as lt Attr
59. e may have different possible values but these values do not necessarily have to be ordered such as the values in a quantity space 4 2 1 Working with Attributes e Press the button Open attribute definitions editor in the Garp3 main screen The attribute definitions editor will appear see Figure 12 e Press the button Close this editor on the bottom right if you have finished working with the attribute definitions When you have unsaved changes a warning message will appear e Press the button Undo changes if you want to discard the changes in the attribute definitions since the last time you saved gt attribute definitions Build 10 x Attribute definitions meecolour List of already existing attribute definitions i T a A Baye Move attribute value up down Delete attribute value Name of attribute value Apply changes 3 D E Close this editor Undo changes Figure 12 Adding a new attribute definition Colour with three possible values 25 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 4 2 2 Add Attribute Definition Press the button Add attribute definition on the right of the attribute definitions e Type a unique name for the attribute in the Name field Now you can do the following o Add one or more attribute values o Delete attribute values o Move a value up or down e Add remarks if desired
60. e r A E E A ane 102 9 6 14 Error QNd Warning MCSSQ CCS airiran na E N E A 102 9 6 15 Keyboard Gnd Mouse SHOTLCUIS iuciastivacoskstnceli Wea EE NE E N 103 9 7 THE MODELE FRAGMENTS VIEW Siisti ne a a a a a N 103 OFA Opening the Model T raemenis VICWS enrecriir anire ria A E R E REAR T E E 103 972 Show Model Fragment in Lecacy Modessa ses tesa OE EE EEN 103 OFS SHOW Model Fras ment UTC ONTON arein EE EE E E 104 O74 Aidit Selected Model PIG CIM CH irae enr E EEEE EEE E E EET O E 105 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 10 ADDITIONAL MENU OPTIONS ociosas aeeoea aeoea esaea peie ese ecko ntees eel acta eae eae 105 10 1 BS Leh gh 50 DING gasio a a op aarta a ere ec SIR Sgn eerie ne nen Cen a Pearce eet nee 105 10 1 1 SOV SUI OM ON TAINO Cl acceso cts erates aes aspen eS 105 10 1 2 Frimtstate transihion era ph to file sainet E E E NE E N 106 10 1 3 Eror and Warn NE MESSA CS a E E E snes adae adden een eta 106 10 2 THE VTE W MENU draient iaaa AE EE NE EE EA T EE 106 10 3 THE DIS PEAY MENU riras rT lene T T E T T E eE 107 10 3 1 L O EEE LE EAE TNE E E E ETE 107 10 3 2 TOY OVE A irc ec resent esses rr Beate hare os ek ee Aw esas a Te TCA EROT 107 10 3 3 TGV OME CII O tects re ee ate a eal Cas aS aA alae Catalase ua Tere Tee wip elas ORTO 107 10 3 4 HASON TAPU SUE ee Oe PA EA PTET Te A Ome ee ee ee ene 107 10 3 5 Show Hide Termination NOES ccccccccccsscveeccccceeee en eeeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeee aaa eneeeeeeeeaaaaeaeeeeeeeeeeaaaaaeeeeees 10
61. e that the resulting layout will be different or better than it was This operation can be done repeatedly to try out a few different layouts but the layout can also be adjusted by hand 97 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 9 5 3 Zoom in e Press the button Zoom in This will not cause the font size to be increased only the size of the entity nodes and the connections Special feature When a particular entity is selected no visible feedback is given for this zooming in will result in a view centered around the selected entity 9 5 4 Zoom out e Press the button Zoom out This will not cause the font size to be decreased only the size of the entity nodes and the connections up to a certain minimum Special feature When a particular entity is selected no visible feedback is given for this zooming out will result in a view centered around the selected entity 9 5 5 Print diagram to file Postscript e Press the button Print diagram to file Postscript A Save file browser will appear e Select the directory in which the postscript file should be saved e Select or type a file name for the postscript file e Press the button Save 9 5 6 Close the Entity Relations view e Press the button Close this window 9 6 The Dependencies View The dependencies view shows the quantities and the dependencies between them see Figure 57 By default each quantity is displayed inside th
62. een two Entity Instances Select two entity instances while holding down the Shift key Press the button Add configuration A window will appear entitled Add a new configuration Build see Figure 23 Select the configuration definition you want to add in between the two entity instances lf necessary press the button Switch arguments to reverse the order of the two entity instances Add remarks if desired Press the button Apply changes 46 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 5 x A add a new configuration Build State Condition Instance Green frog Instance Pond Confiquration definition Figure 23 Adding a configuration to the scenario 5 4 2 Deleting a Configuration e Select the Configuration you want to delete e Select the Delete option in the Edit menu 5 4 3 Modifying a Configuration Select the Configuration you want to modify Select the Properties option in the Edit menu Now you can change the properties of the Configuration as described in section 5 4 1 Press the button Apply changes 5 4 4 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There is a shortcut in the interface to open the configuration definitions editor directly from within the window Add a new configuration Build e Press the button Open configuration definitions editor 5 5 Quantities and Quantity Spaces in Scenarios Quantities and quantity spaces are used
63. em J Bouwer A 1 4 Added section about colour Final corrections 01 12 05 Bouwer A 1 5 Additions and corrections based on review 20 01 06 Bouwer A comments by T Nuttle Bredeweg B 2 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Contents 1 INTRODUCTION siie eiie e eeaeee eden eoa ee et ese hs ct cees heed cedh Eae EE hee ses 9 PARCI GETTING S PART BD siirtoa aaa aeaea aa eaS Eas 10 2 MAIN OPERA TIONS IN GARP S onssas tect a raare eaa e a a raa aeaa e aie Eaa 11 Bell Open man Pel POE O AEE E N O NO T OA EA Il AE SOD CM INIT OID PAE Erens E EET E OE E A O EAE Il DES PD OU OD EEEE g sve Recs Sees EEEE oa we cards vcd eredacsd ud ees and eee oR Il 2D FLE OPERATION enaa cacti enone tyne a aa ae apes aca enema eee 12 Dal ONOWTUC SIS EEEE EEE ETE ENE EEE EE E TERG 2 ZZ COD CHUNG model MJUE irra inner ae ae E O E E ga aatdadl ni eaedeceeeace deus 12 Dees AAV UIE OR IOC Cl iria E EEE E iced ideansesbatvatvecauanes entre A REEE EO 13 Delete SOE ON WM Od e reie n n A duis yi actvediut cae E E E E 14 Dai Opanda Model m Lecacy MOIE x atevccisadvesduesasssctunttaddossevseatvosuseaansiicsdwvntiadaessdieksval bcamsneseutmebcadecarsask 14 DLO SAVING G MOEN LEPa MOG reirse iernat REEE E OEA REE O 14 Daf EPROP ONG Waruna Messages cocep an E e a E a E E 15 220 sRCVOOOIG aid MOUSE SHOTICUIS oieri E e eawtvolascuaireens 15 2 3 BOLD seresa a E E E A A a teeta ataatnas AEA E ES 16 Dd MONDU TOS SEEE A E E aT 16 2 4 DIMULATE d
64. en you want to create a scenario which has a lot in common with an existing scenario e Select the scenario you want to copy e Press the button Copy selected scenario A copy of the scenario is added to the list of scenarios It has the same name as the original followed by a number n indicating that it is the n copy 5 1 6 Editing a Scenario You can edit the contents of a scenario to adapt it to your needs e Select the Scenario you want to edit e Press the button Edit selected scenario The scenario editor will appear with the contents of the selected scenario See Figure 19 e Now you can edit the contents of the scenario including instances of Entities see section 5 2 for details Attributes section 5 3 Configurations section 5 4 Quantities amp Quantity Spaces section 5 5 Values section 5 6 Dependencies section 5 7 Agents section 5 8 and Assumptions section 5 9 e Select Save model to disk from the Edit menu to save the model e Close the window in the top right corner if you are finished editing the scenario When you close the window the scenario will automatically be saved 40 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Population behaviour Scenario Editor Build O x Edit Elements View gopaon Green frog G Number of Biomass Sml 6 Smi BLarge Large a Bheciuin Sitedium 2 a Small PU Sal Figure 19 The scenario editor 5 1 7 Editing the last c
65. enario will be deleted You have chosen to delete an assumption which is used in a scenario o Press the button Apply changes if you want to continue o Press the button Cancel changes if you do not want to save your changes 4 7 7 Keyboard Shortcuts There are several keyboard shortcuts in the Assumption Hierarchy Editor Del Delete Ctrl A Add child Enter or Double click on an Assumption icon Properties Ctrl H Horizontal View Ctrl V Vertical View Ctrl L List View Space Collapse Expand Expand All 37 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 4 8 About this model This function is meant to provide meta data about the model including comments from the model builder about the goal of the model and other information which might be useful for users of the model e Press the button About this model in the Garp3 main screen A window will appear in which you can add several types of meta data about the model 38 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 5 Scenarios Scenarios describe the actual state and configuration of a system and can contain all the kinds of building blocks described in chapter 4 Scenarios are used as input for the qualitative simulator The qualitative simulator interprets the scenario finds applying model fragments incorporates their consequences and derives values to generate one or more start states These start states are used t
66. ence column of the button bar A window will appear called Add a new configuration Build with a list of defined configurations see Figure 35 Select a configuration lf necessary press the button Switch arguments Add remarks if desired Press the button Apply changes Add a new configuration Build State Condition C Consequence Instance Any population Instance Pond Configuration definition Lives In Remarks Figure 35 Adding a configuration to a model fragment 6 5 2 Delete a Configuration Select the configuration that must be deleted Press the delete button on the keyboard or delete via Edit menu 6 5 3 Modify a Configuration Select the configuration that must be modified 66 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Open the Edit menu and select Properties e In this Dialogue you can do the following o Change between condition or consequence o Change the configuration o Change the direction of the configuration o Change the remarks e Press the button Apply changes 6 5 4 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There is a shortcut in the interface to open the configuration definitions editor directly from within the window Add a new configuration Build e Press the button Open configuration definitions editor The configuration definitions editor will appear see Section 4 3 6 6 Quantities and Quantity Spaces in Model Frag
67. ent from the list of parents Press the button Apply changes Note that additions made to the model fragment may be lost when modifying the parent 6 1 6 Copy a Model Fragment To save time when you want to create a model fragment which has a lot in common with an existing model fragment you can create a copy of the model fragment and modify the copy e Select the model fragment you want to copy e Press the button Copy the selected model fragment in the dialogue window A dialogue window appears asking how to deal with children of the model fragment to be copied Do not copy any child objects or Copy the whole tree of children e Select the option you prefer e Press the button Start the copy action in the dialogue window A copy of the model fragment s is added to the hierarchy It has the same name as the original model fragment followed by an indication that it is the n copy You can change the name to make it more insightful by editing the model fragment properties 6 1 7 Editing Model Fragments You can edit the contents of a model fragment to adapt it to your needs e Select the model fragment you want to Edit e Press the button Edit selected model fragment Now the Model Fragment Editor will appear as shown in Figure 32 Here you can edit the contents of the model fragment including Entity Instances see section 6 3 Attributes section 6 4 Configurations section 6 5 Quantities amp Quantity Spa
68. erarchy e Press the button Layout hierarchy list to show the hierarchy in an indented list format e Press the button Layout hierarchy vertical to show the hierarchy in a vertical format e Press the button Layout hierarchy horizontal to show the hierarchy in a horizontal format It is also possible to collapse expand a part of the hierarchy e Select the agent to be collapsed expanded e Select the option Collapse or Expand from the View menu Now all agents that exist below it are hidden from view or made visible again To make sure that the whole hierarchy is visible you can expand all e Select the option Expand all from the View menu 4 6 6 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during the operations related to agents are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem e Conflict This action is impossible Please check the following feedback A new agent for instance in scenario now an instance of cannot automatically be determined 34 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 You have chosen to delete an agent which is already instantiated in the scenario and which cannot be replaced by another o Press Cancel to abort the delete operation e Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback The instance in scenario will become an instance of You have chose
69. es of the Quantity as described in section 6 6 1 Press the button Apply changes 6 6 4 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There is a shortcut in the interface to open the quantity definitions editor directly from within the window Add a new quantity Build 68 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Press the button Open quantity definitions editor The quantity definitions editor will appear see Section 4 4 6 7 Values in Model Fragments It is possible to set a value on a quantity magnitude or on a derivative 6 7 1 Set a Value on a Quantity Magnitude In order to set a value on the magnitude of a quantity your model fragment must contain a quantity e Select the value in the quantity space that you want the quantity to have e Press the button Add value in the Consequence or Condition column of the button bar A red condition or blue consequence arrow flag will appear next to the selected value 6 7 2 Set a Value on a Derivative In order to set a value on the derivative of a quantity your model fragment must contain a quantity e Select the value in the derivative s quantity space that you want the derivative to have e Press the button Add value in the Consequence or Condition column of the button bar A red condition or blue consequence arrow flag will appear next to the selected value 6 7 3 Delete a Value e Select the Value a blue or red arrow that m
70. esiran E EAE AAA E EEE AAEE NOE EE 17 2AA SO WASIIIUOIS OSK S ien EE E 17 3 GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE GARP3 INTERFACE ssssssssssssssssssssssosssososooscossosososssessoossoosoessesssssssssso 18 3 1 GENE RALACHON BUTTONS oaei E A E E au aceacranceuns 18 32 GRAPHICALICONS raa a a a a N a a e a E eai 18 3 3 TROQIE TIP TEX TS otc ect E E neue aanecencecche aa muaiae ean 18 3 4 NIE OOE BAIS step ccsctateeesices E A io anesnage E A ee cea mae seamaee 19 3 5 THE USE ORG OL OUR ciin e R E E E E aie ena 19 PAR To BUTI DING MODELS zeester E EE E E 21 4 DEFINING BUILDING BLOCKS aaea aaa ar aeae ae a a aa aaO aa a Oa aara 22 4 1 ENE go een A E A A E NE A 22 4 1 1 Working with Entity definitions eeeeeeeeesenennsnnsnnnneennnsssssssssssssseeerrresssssssssssssceerererssssssssssssseeerreereeeeesss 22 dala Add ON LON n E E A E A E EE OT ee Ze GV CTO I ENUN atest en AS eer eed ata ae an Si lean nen aes OE E E E tenant E 23 A Mody an ENUN iir tte ER AG ete ees ae EE eer ee eee TET ag eerie 23 4 1 5 View Change the View of the Entity Tierarcnyswccrcccsciariwacecesseaasvcacsceteldacewabsvetermecemrvasaleteldacesedvesdsces 23 LIO Error and Wunne MESSA OCS cieo ai eenn ERE E A RE A TO TAN 24 Ail KYLO a SNOT UIS aiaia aTe oE NEE a ERE REEE ENEE AEE AE AN EE AEN 29 4 2 PANE TES meene a a a bree cce aatseted nas 25 ed WOKO WIEN ATID MICS soaa E T E E A E AEA E E AE 25 BDZ AUALA DULE DESU O AEE A ETE A ANE RAAE A A AEE EA E AN 26 Ao AU ATID C Val nceann a a ath
71. ete a Value Select the Value a blue arrow that must be deleted Press the delete button on the keyboard or select Delete from the Edit menu Modify a Value Select the value in the derivative s quantity space that you want the derivative to have instead of the current value Press the button Add value The new Value will replace the previous one 5 7 Dependencies in scenarios Dependencies describe relations between behavioural features i e quantities and or their derivative values There are many kinds of dependencies but in scenarios only inequality dependencies are relevant 5 7 1 Inequalities 50 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Inequalities are dependencies which specify ordinal relations between two items 5 7 1 1 Add In equality between Quantities In order to add an in equality between quantities your scenario should contain at least two quantities e Select the two quantities between which the in equality must hold use the Shift button to make multiple selections e Press the button Add inequality A window will appear with the title Add a new inequality Build see Figure 26 Choose the kind of ordinal relation you wish by pressing the appropriate radio button If necessary press the button Switch arguments Add remarks if desired Press the button Apply changes gt Population behaviour Scenario Editor Build x Edit
72. ey occur and how to remedy the problem e Overwrite lt Filename gt eps This message will appear when you attempt to save your postscript file with a file name of an already existing file You can choose Ok or Cancel o Ok will save overwrite the existing file with the file you are saving 102 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 o Cancel will abort the save operation 9 6 15 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There are currently no shortcuts for the dependencies view 9 7 The Model Fragments Views The model fragments views show the contents of particular model fragments in various ways 9 7 1 Opening the Model Fragments Views You can open the model fragments views for a particular state or multiple states e Inthe Simulate main screen select the desired state s e Press the button List Model Fragments in the Simulate main screen A separate screen with a list of applicable model fragments will appear for each selected state see Figure 59 Simulate Model fragments in state 2 Birth Green frog Death Green frog immigration Green frog Pond Green frog reservoir Population Green frog Figure 59 The model fragment list for a particular state 9 7 2 Show Model Fragment in Legacy Mode e Select the model fragment of interest e Press the button Show model fragment in legacy mode A window will appear See Figure 60 which shows the details of that model fragmen
73. ges Figure 13 The configuration editor 4 3 3 Delete Configuration e Select the configuration that must be deleted e Press the Delete selected configuration definition button on the right of the configuration definitions e Press the button Save changes to model when you are finished 4 3 4 Modify Configuration Select the configuration that must be modified Change the name in the Name field if desired Add or change a remark if desired Press the button Save changes to model when you are finished 4 4 Quantities Quantities represent features of entities and agents which in principle might change from one state to another 4 4 1 Working with Quantities e Press the button Open quantity definitions editor in the Garp3 main screen The quantity definitions editor will appear see Figure 14 e Press the button Close this editor on the bottom right if you have finished working with the quantity definitions When you have unsaved changes a warning message will appear e Press the button Undo changes if you want to discard the changes in the quantity definitions since the last time you saved 4 4 2 Create Quantity e Press the button Add quantity definition e Type a unique name in the Name field e Select a Quantity Space from the list with all quantity spaces 28 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Press the button Add selected quantity space The quantity spa
74. gurations Configurations are used to represent structural relations between entities and or agents First a configuration has to be defined by assigning a name to it Later the configuration can be used to specify a link between instances of entities and or agents in scenarios see section 5 4 or model fragments see section 6 5 4 3 1 Working with Configurations e Press the button Open configuration definitions editor in the Garp3 main screen The configuration definitions editor will appear see Figure 13 e Press the button Close this editor on the bottom right if you have finished working with the configuration definitions When you have unsaved changes a warning message will appear e Press the button Undo changes if you want to discard the changes in the configurations definitions since the last time you saved 4 3 2 Add Configuration Press the button Add configuration definition on the right of the configuration definitions Type a unique name in the Name field Add a remark if desired Press the button Save changes to model when you are finished 27 1 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 gt Configuration definitions Build p lt oj x Connected to 4 Add configuration definition Consists of Delete selected s configuration definition Name New configuration definition Remarks Save changes _ 9 m Close this editor Undo chan
75. hanged scenario You can open the scenarios editor for the last changed scenario directly from the main screen e Press the button Edit scenario lt ScenarioNames gt in the Garp3 main screen The scenario editor will appear see Figure 19 Note If there is only one scenario included in the model it will be automatically selected when this button is pressed 5 1 8 View Change the View of the Scenario Editor You can change the view of the scenario editor to hide or show parts of the display as shown in Figure 20 e Open the View menu e Select one of the following options to hide a part of the display o Collapse hide all information attached below the selected model ingredient o Collapse relations hide relations attached to the selected model ingredient o Show relevant show only information that is used in the current scenario o Hide hide the selected model ingredient and its associated relations 41 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Population behaviour Scenario Editor Build E 0 x Edit Elements View O Green fi og 7 a d Murnber of Bh teaiturt Teall OE i Figure 20 The scenario after Show relevant Collapse relations and Hide Biomass The visualization will be adapted accordingly Icons with a yellow fill denote that relevant information is hidden from view icons with a grey fill denote that only irrelevant information is hidden When relations are hi
76. he operations related to entity instances in a scenario are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem e Please confirm change Before confirming please consider the following The a will be deleted because is no longer part of the scenario You have chosen to delete something which has other items in the scenario associated to it Deleting it would imply that some of these connected items are also deleted o Press Apply changes if you want to continue o Press Cancel changes if you want to abort the delete operation 5 2 5 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There are several keyboard shortcuts for working with entities in scenarios Ctrl S Save model to disk Ctrl E Entity instance Enter Edit the properties of the selected entity Delete Delete the selected entity Backspace Delete the selected entity In addition there is a shortcut in the interface to open the entity definitions editor directly from within the window Add a new entity Build e Press the button Open entity definitions editor 44 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 5 3 Attributes in Scenarios Attributes are features of entities or agents that in principle do not change To incorporate an attribute in a scenario an attribute definition is required 5 3 1 Adding an Attribute to an Entity Instance e Select the entity instance to which you want to attach an att
77. hen used as consequences they set constraints on possible behaviour 6 8 2 1 Add In equality between Quantities In order to add an in equality between quantities you must already have two quantities in the model fragment e Select the two quantities between which the in equality must hold while holding down the Shift key e Press the button Add inequality in the Condition or Consequence column of the button bar A window will appear entitled Add a new inequality Build similar to Figure 38 e Choose the type of ordinal relation by pressing the appropriate radio button e Press the button Apply changes 6 8 2 2 Add In equality between a Quantity and one of its Point Values In order to add an in equality between a quantity magnitude and one of its point values you already need to have a quantity in the Model Fragment e Select the quantity and a point value from its quantity space for which the in equality must hold while holding down the Shift key Note that you can only select point values not intervals e Press the button Add inequality in the Condition or Consequence column of the button bar A window will appear entitled Add a new inequality Build as shown in Figure 38 e Choose the kind of ordinal relation by pressing the appropriate radio button e Press the button Apply changes 71 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Add a new inequality
78. ia ee 49 5 6 2 Seta Value on a Quantity Derivative 00 cccceeccccccc cee neeeseeeeeecan ae esseeeeeeeaaeeesseeeeeeeaaaesseeeeeeeeaaaaaseesesesaeaaaaes 50 IOo Dered Valle eira a a ta te 50 DO MUN AVAE aaa E EE EE ATA E A E E 50 5 7 DEPENDENCIES IN SCENARIOS isco ctescentassiiensrtnsen ud aptisvi a r E gmncerntecteek 50 DT STC GUIS eins 8 saa cata EE oe Seca ceG E AENEA A Magia isan tate eau EE A S 50 5 7 1 1 Add In equality between Quantities eee cccccccssecesseccessecesseceessecesseceseecessesessecesssecesesenseeeensees 51 5 7 1 2 Add In equality between Quantity Values 0 0 ccccccscccssecessecesseecessecesseccsssecessesesssesessesesseeeessees 51 5 7 1 3 Add In equality between a Quantity and a Point Value ccc ccccscccesseccessseccesseeeeesseeeessseeeens 52 5 7 1 4 Add In equality between a Derivative and a Point Value ou ccc ccccessccceeessseeceeessseeceessseeeeenes 52 5115 Add In equality between Derivatives of two Quantities ee ec ccssccesseccessecesseeessseeesseeesseeeeseees 52 5 7 1 6 Delete ann equality n a Scenari sicenescrcoresstenesrcvdacrsereawrvebenu austeawencruetmiamminnccalarnens 53 Seleli Modify an Imegquality INAS CONAN O cincsiesrieS ier Persciecvestatixel leaned tia aE EEOAE RANTAA EEEREN 53 5 7 1 8 Add Calculation PIUS MIN esenee a e EEE TE T E ETO wea A 53 5 7 1 9 Delete Calculavo n PIUSAMIIA aeeai a a a a wo eumaanteiaon 53 SAITO Modiy Calkulaton PIUS MIN an EA AEA AO A 53 5 8 AGENTS IN SCENARIOS v5 nohe
79. ible consequences Entities Entities except in static MF Configurations Configurations except in static MF Agents only in agent MF Attributes Attributes Quantities Quantities Inequalities Inequalities Calculations Min Plus Calculations Min Plus Correspondences Assumptions Proportionalities Model Fragments Influences only in process and agent MF 6 3 Entity Instances in Model Fragments Entity instances are the parts of the system that play a role in the model fragment you are working on 6 3 1 Adding an Entity Instance You can add an entity instance to either the conditions or the consequences of a model fragment If an entity instance is specified in the conditions it must be present in a state for the model fragment to hold If an entity instance is specified in the consequences it will be added to a state when the model fragment holds if it was not present already e Press the button Add Entity Instance in the Conditions or Consequences column of the button bar A window will appear entitled Add a new entity Build see Figure 33 Select the Entity that you want to instantiate Type a name for the Entity Instance Add remarks if desired Press the button Apply changes 62 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 gt add a new entity Build Habitat Population Name Entity Remarks Figure 33 Adding an entity
80. ibuteName gt lt ValueName gt just below the entity name Quantities are displayed as labelled ovals Quantity Spaces are displayed within the quantity to which they belong Values are displayed within the quantity space highlighted in red Derivatives are displayed as o Black triangle pointing downwards decreasing o Black circle steady o Black triangle pointing upwards increasing Select all context Display all of the above Deselect all context Display none of the above 99 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Figure 58 shows the dependencies view with all display options turned on uk Dependencies in state 2 Simulate Immigration Fius a Jaro Green frog Number of BLarge ehjedium Small gt a Zoro Figure 58 The dependencies view with all display options turned on 9 6 3 Showing or Hiding Causal Dependencies The second group of radio buttons toggle the display of the causal dependencies l Positive Influence l Negative Influence P Positive Proportionality P Negative Proportionality Select all causal Deselect all causal 9 6 4 Showing or Hiding In equalities The third group of radio buttons toggle the display of the in equalities gt Greater than gt Greater or equal than lt Smaller than Equal 100 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 d Equal derivative d lt Smaller derivative d gt Greater derivative d lt Smaller
81. igure 47 The state transition graph after running a full simulation 7 1 6 Inspect the simulation trace e Press the button Open trace window The trace window appears as shown in Figure 48 5 x Garps 0 3 gt race e Nov g 12 30 41 2005 Engine running on Using libraries from n garp3 garp3 0 3 7 searching for active system structures icour adding in equality relation smaller zero medium number of1 adding in equality relation smaller or equal zero number of1 adding correspondence relation if equal number ofl l number ofl zero adding in equality relation greater number_ adding in equality relation smaller number ofl searching applicable system structures for instance green frog population population green_frog is applicable hypothesis population green_frog ided population green_frog system structures for system structure population green frog growth green_frog is applicable a growth green frog r proportional re d growth green frog Lve green frog 1s al green frog ve green frog Figure 48 The simulation trace window with all options turned on 84 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 The trace window shows a trace of the reasoning performed by the simulation engine while running a simulation This information can be useful for modellers especially when debugging a model In the trace window different colours are used to di
82. ill enlarge the view by increasing the distance between quantities The window size and font size remain constant Activating this button one or multiple times should reduce the amount of overlapping items in the display Special feature When a particular entity is selected no visible feedback is given for this zooming in will result in a view centered around the selected entity 9 6 11 Zoom out e Press the button Zoom out This will reduce the view by decreasing the distance between quantities up to a certain minimum The window size and font size remain constant Activating this button one or multiple times will move items closer together at the expense of more overlapping items in the display Special feature When a particular entity is selected no visible feedback is given for this zooming out will result in a view centered around the selected entity 9 6 12 Print diagram to file Postscript e Press the button Print diagram to file Postscript A Save file browser will appear e Select the directory in which the postscript file should be saved By default Garp3 s working directory is proposed e Select or type a file name for the postscript file e Press the button Save 9 6 13 Close the dependencies view e Press the button Close 9 6 14 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during the file operations are listed below with an explanation of why th
83. io now an instance of cannot automatically be determined You have chosen to delete an entity which is already instantiated in the scenario and which cannot be replaced by another o Press Cancel to abort the delete operation e Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback The instance in scenario will become an instance of You have chosen to delete an entity which is already instantiated in the scenario The instances of this entity will be replaced by instances of another entity its parent o Press the button Apply changes if you want to continue o Press the button Cancel changes if you do not want to save your changes e Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback This will delete the whole subtree You have chosen to delete an entity which has subtypes o Press the button Apply changes if you want to continue o Press the button Cancel changes if you do not want to save your changes 24 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 4 1 7 Keyboard Shortcuts There are several keyboard shortcuts in the Entity Hierachy Editor Del Delete Ctrl A Add child Enter or Double click on an Entity icon Properties Ctrl H Horizontal View Ctrl V Vertical View Ctrl L List View Space Collapse Expand Expand All 4 2 Attributes Attributes are features of entities or agents that in principle do not change An attribut
84. ison a a luetea tbe Seadaesws tere e dundee bRacatacwetowaass 93 9 3 1 Open the Equation History View for selected States or Path cccccccccccccccceceececceaeecaaaasssesssssseseeeeeees 94 De TNCLC CI le QUATIONS ya ret Mesa Sere T A ek vaya E neue eee Reis 94 DD PISS CLCCIE OUO OS AE tesco nest ease tal eM cap ota ah E EA EEA E E ER 94 9 3 4 Draw an Equation History for selected EQuations ccccccccccccccccccessseeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaaaeaaasaaanenssseeeeeeeees 94 Pa Cear WC OC I ig ee hee ea te ee A A 95 9 3 6 Changing the Display Format Of EQuations cccccccccssccccccccces es eeseceeeee eee aeeeeeeeeeeee aaa eeeeeeeeeeeeaaaaeseeeeeeeeaaaes 95 9 3 7 lt AdAnclude Exclide Derivative Equations vei ai ac i ee ees Ae Oa 95 9 3 8 Print Equation History OT We cass hes oes RR 95 D307 ClOSC the Eguation ISIOTY VIEW erein e coke NE bocca etek ao es aoe ace eee ate eee 95 9 3 10 Keyboard and Mouse SHOTICUtS ccccccccccsseeveecccccce cece eeeeeee cece ee eeeeeeee seen nae eeeeeeeeeeaaaaeeeseeeeeeseaaaaseeeeeeees 95 9 4 RHE TRANSITION HISTORY VIE W coenen ia e e a a e N 95 9 4 1 Open the Transition History View for Selected States ccccccccscccccccccccessseescccceeeeaesseseeceeeeaaaeeseseesessaaaaess 95 9 4 2 Open the Transition History View for a Selected Path ooooonnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnsssseeennnssssseeresssssssseeeee 95 943 Inspect the Details Of a selected TANSIINON esinaine EEE AA en E EE EOE A 96 DAA Close Me Transi On FISTONY
85. isting models made for versions of Garp before Garp3 can be opened in legacy mode e Press the Open model in legacy mode button in the Garp3 main screen If you were busy working on another model Garps will prompt you what to do A file browser will appear to locate the gp file that contains the model you want to open e Select the file name and press the Ok button The model is opened The name of the model can be seen at the top of the Garp3 main screen Note It is recommended to stop working in legacy mode as soon as possible because support for this mode will be discontinued in the future Simulations run with previous versions of Garp are not guaranteed to produce the same result most likely they will differ Furthermore it is impossible to use the build tasks in legacy mode 2 2 6 Saving a Model in Legacy Mode To allow limited backwards compatibility you can also save your model in legacy mode This may be useful if you want to compare results with those produced by previous versions of Garp e Press the button Save model in legacy mode in the Garp3 main screen 14 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Locate the directory where the model has to be saved e Press the button Ok tiptool Export Now your model is saved in legacy mode and ready to use in earlier versions of Garp Homer and VisiGarp tools which have all been integrated into Garp Note It is recommended to stop working in legacy mo
86. l Fragment e Select the in equality that must be modified by clicking on the representation on the screen e Open the Edit menu and select Properties In the dialogue window that appears you can do the following o Switch between Consequence and Condition o Change the type of ordinal relation greater than etc o Press the button switch arguments e Press the button Apply changes 6 8 2 8 Add Calculation Plus Min Adding a calculation allows you to express more complicated equations as in equalities such as MigrationSurplus Immigration Emigration In this equality Immigration Emigration constitutes a min calculation Besides subtraction min it is also possible to use summation plus calculations In most types of in equalities that occur in the preceding part of section 6 8 2 you can replace one or both of the arguments by a calculation It is recommended however to use calculations only on the right hand side of an in equality to improve clarity e Select two quantities between which you want to add a calculation e Press the button Add plus to add a summation between the two selected quantities OR Press the button Add min to add a subtraction between the two selected quantities A window will appear entitled Add a new calculus Build see Figure 39 e Press the button Switch arguments to switch the order of the arguments if desired this only applies to min calculation
87. l a etek wg ORS es 59 6 1 8 Editing the last changed Model Fragment ccccccccseecccccccccn ee eeseesecceeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeesaaaaeeseeeeeaaaas 60 6 1 9 View Change the View of the Model Fragment Editor ccccccccccccccccccceseeeeseccceecenaensseeceeeeaaaeeseeeesesenaaes 60 6 1 10 EPO GHG Wanna MESSO COS casts cel ah aie sai ten Sas See E ibe cafes Arsenal sg Wea atn hess Monsees 61 6 1 11 Keyboard and MONS eS NOUT S TEA ates het aipos eee E AEAEE NA ATENE LE 6l 6 2 CONDITIONS AND CONSEQUENCES Sorian ii T ALT E EE AE A A 61 6 3 ENTITY INSTANCES IN MODEL FRAGMENTS 2 2 0s5c0s cedesanaanseset ite sencnobetbends nedunanananpeeneeevensnobesbentenetunsnoassseencie 62 O54 AOAC an Entuy TMSIQNCE 22 sei acl AA RO 62 6 3 2 Deleting an Entity INStANCe Rah AAO 63 6 3 3 Modifying an Entity Instance ci mscietA cite eR EA 63 6 3 4 Error and Warning Messages sas cccsciei etches RARE 63 6 3 5 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts ccc sceiesk eas Boones esa i eae 64 6 4 ATTRIBUTES IN MODELE FRAGMENTS otarraren ea e e A 64 6 41 Adding an Attribute to an Entity INSIANCE occivisririrsrsrinieiisieceieisi eneidiaa eiaa 64 6 4 2 Deleting an Attribute from an Entity Instance ccccccccssccccccccccse ee eesseeeeeeee ae eeeseeeeeeeeaaeeseeeeeeeeseaaaaeeeeeeeeags 65 6 4 3 Modifying an Attribute connected to an Entity Instance ccccccecccccccccce ne eeeeeeceeececaeeeseeeeeeeseeaaaasseeeeeeeaas 65 OAS Keyboard and Monse SNOT CUS cee Cnet nA E E A EE AAA EEEE AA AARE 65
88. med model fragment If this happens the state becomes inconsistent and is removed If no conflicting facts are found the assumed model fragment stays part of the state Finally competing assumptions that is neither can be derived but together they are inconsistent become separate states The reasoning on assuming model fragments can be followed by using this trace option It is shown in the trace under Assuming system structures e Show hide search for model fragments still applicable after transition When searching for model fragments applicable in a new state following a transition the engine first evaluates the applicability of the model fragments already active in the old state This option shows the results of this reasoning step In the trace this information is listed under Searching for system structures still applicable after transition e Show hide added dependencies and check on conditional inequalities When applying model fragments in equalities are being added and checked with regard to the state that is being generated This option allows you to get a global view of what happens concerning these dependencies In the trace this information is listed under Adding checking relations e Show hide inequality reasoning details This option causes more details to be shown concerning the inequality reasoning namely why given in equality constraints are consistent or inconsistent In the trace this i
89. ments Quantities and quantity spaces are used to represent the behaviour of the system 6 6 1 Adding a Quantity with Quantity space to an Entity Instance In order to add a quantity your model fragment should contain at least one Entity Instance e Select the Entity Instance to which you want to attach a Quantity e Press the button Add quantity in the Consequence or Condition column of the button bar A window will appear entitled Add a new quantity Build see Figure 36 Select the Quantity definition you want to add to the Entity Instance Select the Quantity Space associated with the Quantity in the dialogue Add remarks if desired Press the button Apply changes 67 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME 6 6 2 6 6 3 g gt Add a new quantity Build Ioj x State Condition Consequence Quantity definition Biomass Birth Contamination Number ot Preview Unsafe el hreshold Blow a ero Remarks Instance Pond Figure 36 Adding a quantity to a model fragment D 4 2 1 Deleting a Quantity with Quantity space from an Entity Instance Select the Quantity with Quantity space you want to delete Select the Delete option in the Edit menu Modifying a Quantity with Quantity space connected to an Entity Instance Select the Quantity with Quantity space you want to modify Select the Properties option in the Edit menu Now you can change the properti
90. n to delete an agent which is already instantiated in the scenario and which cannot be replaced by another o Press the button Apply changes if you want to continue o Press the button Cancel changes if you do not want to save your changes e Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback This will delete the whole subtree You have chosen to delete an agent which has subtypes o Press the button Apply changes if you want to continue o Press the button Cancel changes if you do not want to save your changes 4 6 7 Keyboard Shortcuts There are several keyboard shortcuts in the Agent Hierachy Editor Del Delete Ctrl A Add child Enter or Double click on an Agent icon Properties Ctrl H Horizontal View Ctrl V Vertical View Ctrl L List View Space Collapse Expand Expand All 4 7 Assumptions Assumptions are labels which indicate that certain conditions are presumed to be true They are often used to constrain the possible behaviour of a model Assumptions represent something about the system of interest which makes them conceptually different from both entities and agents 4 7 1 Working with Assumptions e Press the button Open assumptions hierarchy editor in the Garp3 main screen The assumption hierarchy editor will appear see Figure 17 35 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 ae Assumption hierarchy Build e Oj x Edit i gt
91. name of the new value if desired e Press the button Save changes 4 5 7 Delete Quantity Space e Select the quantity soace that must be deleted e Press the button Delete selected quantity space e Press the button Save changes 4 5 8 Modify Quantity Space Select the quantity space that must be modified Change the name of the quantity space if desired Add or change values using one of the operations described above if desired Add or change remarks if desired Press the button Save changes 4 5 9 Copy Quantity Space If you need a quantity space that resembles an existing quantity space it can be efficient to copy the existing quantity soace and modify it rather than building a new quantity space from scratch e Select the quantity space that you want to copy e Modify the quantity space if desired e Press the button Save changes 4 5 10 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during the operations related to quantity spaces are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem e Conflict This action is impossible Please check the following feedback The quantity space has no values defined A quantity space definition requires at least one possible value o Press the button Cancel changes and add one or more values to the quantity space e Conflict This action is impossible Please check the following feedback
92. ncepts that play a role within the system These entities are arranged in a subtype hierarchy 4 1 1 Working with Entity definitions Press the button Open entity hierarchy editor in the Garp3 main screen The entity hierarchy editor will appear see Figure 9 Add entity to hierarchy Layout hierarchy horizontal Entity hierarchy Build Oj x Edit View Delete entry from hierarchy la rw oe _ Y t Set of entities Population Show properties 1 E i Plant Layout hierarchy list D amp or Entity Lizard Biological entity Animal Frog Deer Layout hierarchy vertical The entity hierarchy horizontal view Edit the entity hierarchy Figure 9 The entity hierarchy editor horizontal view 4 1 2 Add an Entity Select the parent entity Press the button Add entity to hierarchy A window will appear called Add a new entity Build see Figure 10 Type a unique name in the Name field of this window Add a remark if desired The presence of remarks is signified by a symbol following the name of the entity involved Press the button Apply changes The new entity is added to the hierarchy When you make a mistake you can correct it before applying your changes or you can cancel your changes by pressing the button Cancel changes 22 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e gt Add a new entity Build 10 x Entity Biological enti
93. ndow will appear entitled Add a new influence Build see Figure 37 lf necessary press the button Switch arguments to reverse the direction of the influence Select the sign of the Influence I or I Add a remark if desired Press the button Apply changes add a new influence Build Instance Source of pollution Instance Any habitat Quantity Pollution Quantity Contamination Remarks When there is pollution pollution plus the contamination level of nearby habitats will Increase Figure 37 Adding an influence to a model fragment 6 8 1 2 Delete Influence e Select the influence that must be deleted by clicking on the representation on the screen e Open the Edit menu and select the option Delete 6 8 1 3 Modify Influence e Select the influence that must be modified e Open the Edit menu and select Properties e In this Dialogue you can do the following e Change the sign of the influence e Switch arguments of the influence thus the direction of the influence by using the switch arguments button e Change remarks e Press the button Apply changes 6 8 1 4 Add Proportionality A proportionality is a causal dependency that models an indirect effect from derivative to derivative For example in the case of a positive proportionality P when the level of a liquid in a container increases the pressure of the liquid on the bottom of the con
94. nformation is listed under Inequality reasoning e Show hide inequality reasoning details derivable relations This option allows you to get a closer look at the inequality reasoning It shows the inequality relations that can be derived on the basis of the given inequality relations Notice that from a technical point of view this is a rather complex process because the number of relations that can be derived can easily become very large The engine implements some smart heuristics to effectively perform this reasoning that is to find inconsistencies within reasonable time without doing exhaustive search In the trace this information is listed under Show derivable relations 85 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Show hide influence resolution using influences and proportionalities This option shows the results of influence resolution that is calculating the impact that influencing quantities both influences I and proportionalities P have on influenced quantities In the trace this information is listed under Resolving influences and proportional relations Show hide search for possible terminations This option shows the search for possible terminations transitions from the current state In the trace this information is listed under Searching for terminations Show hide ordering and removal of possible terminations This option shows how the possible terminations transitio
95. ng the appropriate radio button If necessary press the button Switch arguments Add remarks if desired Press the button Apply changes 52 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 5 7 1 6 Delete an In equality in a Scenario e Select the in equality that must be deleted by clicking on the representation on the screen e Select Delete from the Edit menu 5 7 1 7 Modify an In equality in a Scenario Select the in equality that must be modified by clicking on the representation on the screen Open the Edit menu and select Properties or simply double click on the inequality Change the type of ordinal relation greater than etc if desired Press the button Switch arguments if desired Press the button Apply changes 5 7 1 8 Add Calculation Plus Min Calculations allow you to express more complicated equations as in equalities such as Inflow Born Immigrated In this equality Born Immigrated constitutes a plus calculation Besides summation plus it is also possible to use difference min calculations In most types of in equalities that occur in the preceding part of section 5 7 1 you can replace one or both of the arguments by a calculation It is recommended however to use calculations only on the right hand side of an in equality to improve clarity e Select two quantities between which you want to add a calculation e Press the button Add plus t
96. ning these building blocks in scenarios and model fragments 2 3 1 Show build tasks e Press the button Show build tasks in the Garp3 main screen if necessary A number of icons will appear below the build icon representing the various build tasks see Figure 5 Open entity hierarchy editor see section 4 1 Open attribute definitions editor see section 4 2 Open configuration definitions editor see section 4 3 Open quantity definitions editor see section 4 4 Open quantity space definitions editor see section 4 5 Open agent hierarchy editor see section 4 6 Open assumptions hierarchy editor see section 4 7 About this model see section 4 8 Open scenarios editor see section 5 1 1 Edit last changed scenario see section 5 1 7 Open model fragments editor see section 6 1 1 Edit last changed model fragment see section 6 1 8 Open attribute definitions editor Open configurations definitions editor Open quantity definitions editor H Garp3 0 3 2 x it Empty model in par Open quantity space definitions editor Hide show build tasks ijs ite 1 0 ome O H AB About this model Open entity hierarchy editor ey eg Be i eer D EE i Open agent hierarchy editor i a Wy No scenarios Edit last changed scenario Open model fragments editor Edit last changed model fragment Figure 5 The Garp3 main screen with the build toolbar expanded e Press the button Hide build tasks
97. ns found may be ordered and or merged In the trace this information is listed under Ordering of terminations Show hide search for successor states using ordered terminations This option shows the results of the main reasoning steps when searching for Successor states following ordered terminations transitions In the trace this information is listed under Application of transitions Besides the buttons for individual trace options there are three buttons which can be used to modify the selection Select all trace options Selects all available trace options Deselect all trace options Deselects all available trace options Reverse the selection of trace options Selects all trace options which were previously deselected and deselects all trace options which were previously selected Furthermore there are three buttons which can be used to manage the text in the trace window Save trace to file Saves the text from the trace window to a text file Clear all contents Clears the contents displayed in the trace window Close this window Closes the trace window 7 1 7 Simulation preferences Press the button Simulation preferences The simulation preferences window will appear as shown in Figure 49 86 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 E Simulation preferences i x Select preferences for running the simulator Apply closed world assumption in influence resolution Apply epsilon o
98. o add a summation between the two selected quantities OR Press the button Add min to add a subtraction between the two selected quantities A window will appear entitled Add a new calculus Build see Figure 27 e Press the button Switch arguments to switch the order of the arguments if desired this only applies to min calculations e Add remarks if desired e Press the button Apply changes Cal Add a new calculus Build Instance Green frog Gp Instance Green frog Quantity Birth C D Quantity Immigration QUANTITY QUANTITY T Remarks Birth Immigration Figure 27 Adding a calculation to a scenario 5 7 1 9 Delete Calculation Plus Min e Select the calculation to be deleted e Select the option Delete from the Edit menu 5 7 1 10 Modify Calculation Plus Min e Select the calculation to be modified 53 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Select the option Properties from the Edit menu A window will appear entitled Calculus properties Here you can edit the arguments and the mathematical operator switch the arguments if necessary and add or change remarks as described in section 5 7 1 8 5 8 Agents in Scenarios lf you want to model an agent that applies to the initial situation you should include an agent instance into your scenario 5 8 1 Adding a Agent Instance e Press the button Add agent A window will appear with the
99. o generate the rest of the behavioural graph 5 1 Working with Scenarios To work with scenarios you will need to open the Scenarios Editor and carry out one of the tasks described below 5 1 1 Opening the Scenarios Editor You can open the scenarios editor to create and edit scenarios e Press the Open Scenarios Editor button in the Garp3 main screen A window will appear with a list of available scenarios See Figure 18 g gt Scenarios Build Scenarios Population behaviour Figure 18 The list of available scenarios 5 1 2 Create a new Scenario You can create a new scenario which you can use to run a simulation Press the button Add scenario on the top right Provide a unique name in the Name field Add remarks if desired Press the button Apply changes 39 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 5 1 3 Delete a Scenario You can delete a scenario too e Select the scenario you want to delete e Press the button Delete selected scenario on the bottom right 5 1 4 Modify Scenario Properties You can modify a scenario s properties to change its name or add remarks e Select the scenario you want to modify e Press the button Show scenario properties Now you can do the following o Edit the name of the scenario o Add or change remarks e Press the button Apply changes 5 1 5 Copy a Scenario You can copy a scenario and perhaps modify the copy later This saves time wh
100. o the first value you add In other cases do the following Press the button Add value high or Add value low depending on whether you want to add a value on top or at the bottom of the quantity space The new value will automatically be classified as a point or an interval because points and intervals have to alternate Change the name in the Name field if desired Check the checkbox zero if you want to use zero as the new value it must be a point Press the button Save changes 4 5 4 Delete a Value Press the button Delete value high or Delete value low depending on whether you want to delete the value on top or at the bottom of the quantity space Press the button Save changes 31 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 4 5 5 Split Interval To add a value somewhere in the middle of the quantity space you have to split an interval e Select the interval that you want to split e Press the button Split interval The interval is split into two intervals and a point in between e Change the names of the new values if desired e Press the button Save changes 4 5 6 Combine Intervals To delete a value somewhere in the middle of the quantity space you have to combine two intervals e Select the point in between the two intervals that you want to combine e Press the button Combine intervals The point and the intervals surrounding it are combined into one interval e Change the
101. onal model fragment Build with the model fragment already selected e Press the button Open model fragment editor The model fragment editor will appear showing the contents of the selected model fragment Here you can edit the contents of the conditional Model Fragment 78 107 ProjectNo 004074 00 NATURNET REDIME _ _ _ _ D421 6 12 Identity Links Identity links are a way to specify that two entity instances or two agent instances refer to the same object This can be used for example when combining multiple model fragments in another one At least one of the items must originate from a model fragment imported as a condition Identity links are advanced modelling concepts and should be used with care 6 12 1 Add Identity e Select an entity or an agent e Select another entity or agent that you consider identical to the first while holding down the shift button e Press the button Add identity on the bottom left of the button bar A warning message appears See Figure 44 If you are certain press Apply changes Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback Warning By using an identityrelation it is possible to create contradictions in the subelements of both instances Figure 44 Adding an identity relation between two items in a model fragment 6 13 Refining a Conditional Model Fragment When reusing a model fragment which has another model fragment
102. onsequences in blue It is possible to manipulate the layout and zoom factor of this view analogous to the way this works for the dependencies view described in section 9 6 104 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Model fragment Birth Green frog in state 2 Simulate 0 x Simulate Model fragments in state 2 Birth Green frog Death Green frog Immigration Green frog Pond Green frog res G f Population Green frog iiia amp Show model fragment in context e e e ai Figure 61 The model fragment Birth shown in context 9 7 4 Edit Selected Model Fragment e Select the model fragment of interest e Press the button Edit selected model fragment This is a shortcut to the Build environment which allows you to edit the selected model fragment see Chapter 6 10 Additional Menu Options The main screen of the Simulate environment also includes menus with additional operations the File menu the View menu and the Display menu 10 1 The File Menu The file menu allows three operations to be executed Select a scenario already described in section 7 1 1 Save simulation in model and Print state transition graph to file 10 1 1 Save simulation in model You can save the current state of the simulation into the model for future reference e Choose the option Save simulation in model from the File menu A dialog window will appe
103. pace for which the in equality must hold note that this can only be zero while holding down the Shift key e Press the button Add inequality in the Condition or Consequence column of the button bar A window will appear entitled Add a new inequality Build similar to Figure 38 e Choose the kind of ordinal relation by pressing the appropriate radio button e Press the button Apply changes 6 8 2 5 Add In equality between Derivatives of two Quantities In order to add an in equality between two quantity derivatives you already need to have two quantities in the Model Fragment e Select the two quantity derivatives between which the in equality must hold while holding down the Shift key 72 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Press the button Add inequality in the Condition or Consequence column of the button bar A window will appear entitled Add a new inequality Build similar to Figure 38 e Choose the kind of ordinal relation by pressing the appropriate radio button e Press the button Apply changes 6 8 2 6 Delete a Inequality or Equality in a Model Fragment e Select the in equality that must be deleted by clicking on the representation on the screen e Open the Edit menu and select the option Delete e It s also possible to right click the representation and select delete in the menu that appears 6 8 2 7 Modify a Inequality or Equality in a Mode
104. quantily values value number off unk large G28122 closed Figure 55 The transition details view 96 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 9 4 4 Close the Transition History View e Press the button Close this window 9 5 The Entity Relations View The entity relations view is used to show entities configurations and attributes for selected states 9 5 1 Show entities configurations and attributes e Press the button Show entities configurations and attributes in the main Simulate screen For each selected state N a separate window is opened called Entities and relations in state N Simulate as shown in Figure 56 The visualisation is as follows e Entities are shown as labelled rectangles e Configurations are shown as labelled connections directed towards a black dot e Aitribute value pairs are shown as AitributeLabel ValueLabel within the entity or agent that they belong to ike Entities and relations in state 1 Simulate Lives outside en S Green frog reservoir Figure 56 The entities and relations view 9 5 2 Change layout entities e Press the button Change layout entities e Repeat the above operation if desired e Adjust the layout by hand by dragging entities with the mouse if desired The layout algorithm will be called to return a layout of the entities Since the layout algorithm is non deterministic in nature there is no guarante
105. quantity to be edited e Press the button Edit selected quantity 9 2 The Value History View The value history view shows a graphical overview of quantity values magnitude and derivative for multiple states 9 2 1 Open the Value History View for selected States e Select the states or path of interest e Press the button Value history Garps will display a window called Quantity value history view See Figure 52 On the top left side of this window a list of quantities is shown ihe Quantity value history view sreen frog Birth Immigration Green frog reservoir Number of Green frog a tk e Plus i era 1 3 5 ob Green frog reservoir Immigration jo amp Plus rer 4 5 G Green frag Number of Large i Medium TY Small fk lt lt _ __ Ter Figure 52 The value history view 92 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 9 2 2 Select Quantities e Select a quantity with the mouse e Select additional quantities while holding down the Cirl key if desired e Press the button Select all to select all quantities 9 2 3 Deselect Quantities e Deselect individual quantities with the mouse while holding down the Ctrl key e Press the button Select none to deselect all quantities at once 9 2 4 Draw a Value History for selected Quantities e Select the quantities of interest e Press the button Draw value history Now G
106. rdernng Apply quantity space constraints on extreme values IN l W Apply correspondences in ordering Figure 49 The simulation preferences window The simulation preferences specify certain aspects of the reasoning performed by the simulation engine Changing these preferences may affect the outcome of the simulation These preferences are included because they may be useful in certain situations for advanced modellers but they should be used with care The following preferences can be turned on or off Apply closed world assumption in influence resolution default off Activating this preference implies that influenced quantities by means of P s or I s for which the impact of the influencing quantity can not be determined are assumed to be steady as if the influencing quantity had no influence This should not be confused with quantities that are not influenced at all they remain unaffected by this assumption Apply epsilon ordering default on The epsilon order rule De Kleer 1984 states that changes from a point value and changes from equality happen instantly and therefore precede changes that take at least some small amount of time such as changes to a point or equality When this preference is turned off all terminations are treated as being similar from this perspective Apply quantity space constraints on extreme values default off This preference determines whether or not the derivative of a quantity is allo
107. ribute Press the button Add attribute A window will appear entitled Add a new attribute see Figure 22 Select the attribute definition you want to add to the entity instance Select the value associated with the attribute in the scenario Add remarks if desired Press the button Apply changes Add a new attribute Build 5 x State Condition Consequence Attribute definition Value Instance Frog Figure 22 Adding an attribute to the scenario 45 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 5 3 2 5 3 4 Deleting an Attribute from an Entity Instance Select the attribute you want to delete Open the Edit menu and select the Delete option Modifying an Attribute Select the attribute you want to modify Open the Edit menu and select the Properties option Now you can change the properties of the attribute as described in section 5 3 1 Press the button Apply changes Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There is a shortcut in the interface to open the attribute definitions editor directly from within the window Add a new attribute Build Press the button Open attribute definitions editor 5 4 Configurations in Scenarios Configurations are used to specify structural relationships between entities and or agents To incorporate a configuration in a scenario a configuration definition is required 5 4 1 Adding a Configuration betw
108. rowser will appear see Figure 4 e Type ina file name and select the right directory The model is saved The name of the model can be seen at the top of the main screen Note that there are two notions of save in Garp3 1 applying changes within the model and 2 saving the model to a file The file options described in this section are about saving the model to a file Throughout the Garp3 application you will find several buttons with a label Apply changes When you press these your changes will be applied into the model but this does not save them to a file So when you are editing a model and want to record your changes before you quit Garp3 you will need to do both apply your changes within the model probably several times and save the model to a new or existing file It is advised to save your model regularly to avoid the risk of losing unsaved changes 13 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Save this model Save IM MyModets de t My Documents hay Computer My Ajeet File name IM yFirsthodel Places Save ag type hgp Figure 4 Saving a model to a new file 2 2 4 Starting a New Model lf you want to start over with a new model you can close the current model and start a new model Press the Start New Model button in the Garp3 main screen If you have unsaved changes Garp3 will present a warning message 2 2 5 Opening a Model in Legacy Mode Ex
109. ry Garp3 will display a window called Transitions for path Path Simulate On the left side of this window the transition names are shown in the format M gt N e g 1 gt 2 The first number indicates the state of origin for that transition and the second number indicates its successor state On the right side of each transition name the cause s for the transition is are shown nife Transition history for path 1 3 5 6 Simulate let x to interval above isreen frog Death to interval above icreen frog Birth to interval_ above Green frog Number of to point abovefGGreen frog Number of to interval above sreen frog Number of Figure 54 The transition history view 9 4 3 Inspect the Details of a Selected Transition e Select the transition of interest e Press the button Zoom in on details Garp3 will display a window called Details about transition lt T gt Simulate as shown in Figure 55 In this window the Garp details of that transition are shown including the internal naming shown in grey the cause the conditions the results consequences the status of the transition and the successor states to_states for the transition Details about transition between state 5 and 6 Simulate cause to_interval_above number_ofl conditions quantily values value number_of1 unk medium number_ofl plus results dependencies d_ greater or equal number ofl zero
110. s e Add remarks if desired e Press the button Apply changes J a Adda new c siculus Build Instance Any neighbour import C 2pm instance Any population import Quantity Immigration Cpe Quantity Emigration QUANTITY QUANTITY Remarks Immigration Emigration Figure 39 Adding a calculation to a model fragment 73 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 6 8 2 9 Delete Calculation Plus Min e Select the calculation to be deleted e Select the option Delete from the Edit menu 6 8 2 10 Modify Calculation Plus Min e Select the calculation to be modified e Select the option Properties from the Edit menu A window will appear entitled Calculus properties Here you can edit the arguments and the mathematical operator switch the arguments if necessary and add or change remarks as described in section 6 8 2 8 6 8 3 Correspondences Correspondences are used to indicate that qualitative values of different quantity spaces occur at the same time A correspondence may hold between two single values or between two complete quantity soaces A correspondence may be directed or undirected and in the case of a quantity space correspondence it may be inverse or not A directed correspondence means that given the value of quantity Q1 the value of Q2 can be determined but not vice versa An undirected correspondence means that given the value of quantity Q1 the value of Q2
111. shows the scenario editor with its context sensitive toolbar In the toolbar most of the buttons are inactive only the top button Add entity and the two bottom buttons Add assumption and Add agent are active because these signify the only actions allowed when the scenario is still empty Myfirstscenario Scenario Editor Build E ioj x Edt Elements View Figure 8 The scenario editor with its context sensitive toolbar 3 5 The Use of Colour Throughout the interface of Garp3 colour is used as a distinguishing feature Buttons and icons include colour to make them more easily recognizable individually or as a group Buttons and menu options are greyed out when they are inactive In the Build environment icons with a yellow fill denote that relevant information is hidden from view icons with a grey fill denote that only irrelevant information is hidden 19 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Furthermore there is a systematic use of colours in model fragments throughout the interface of Garp3 Although some types of model ingredients have their own default colour this colour changes depending on the context in which it occurs in a model fragment Conditions are shown in red while consequences are shown in blue In the Build environment additional colours are used to indicate the status and origin of the information as shown in Table 3 Green is used for parent model fragments and their contents Black
112. ssed directly from the simulation main screen e g see Figure 51 Table 5 The different views for inspecting the simulation The Quantity values view See section 9 1 The Value History view See section 9 2 The Equation History view See section 9 3 i le The Transition History view See section 9 4 The Entity Relations view See section 9 5 The Dependencies view See section 9 6 The Model Fragments view See section 9 7 9 1 The Quantity Values View The quantity values view shows all quantity values and derivatives within a particular state 9 1 1 Show quantity values e Select the state s of interest e Press the button Show quantity values in the main Simulate screen For each selected state N a separate window will appear called Quantity values in state N Simulate In this window the visualisation is as follows see Figure 51 QuantityName EntityInstanceName Value Derivative Population behaviour Simulate 15 x File View Display iew Birth Green frog Zero Qe Death Green frog Zero Immigration Green frog reservoir Plus 0 agaye e Number of Green frog Zero Figure 51 The quantity values view 91 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 9 1 2 Edit quantity In the quantity values view the button on the right is a shortcut to the Build environment to edit the quantity definition for the selected quantity e Select the
113. stinguish between different types of information On the bottom of the trace window see Figure 48 there is a set of buttons which can be used to show or hide particular types of information in the trace The function of these buttons is listed below e Show hide general reasoning status information By using this option the engine generates short remarks about the reasoning steps that are being performed Particularly when running a big simulation this option is handy because instead of waiting for X minutes in silence you get continuously informed about what the engine is doing e Show hide search for applicable model fragments This option shows the model fragments that are being applied to a scenario and whether that succeeds or fails Note that in the engine and the trace model fragments are called system structures e Show hide search for assumable model fragments engine default inequality reasoning When searching for applicable model fragments often inequalities have to be checked for their consistency with the state that is being developed For each inequality and value statement the engine may encounter one of the three possibilities derivable from what is known allow addition of model fragment inconsistent with what is known do not add model fragment consistent but not derivable allow model fragment to be added for the time being In the case of the latter later derived facts may turn out to be inconsistent with the assu
114. t show only information that is used in the current model fragment Hide subfragments hide imported model fragments Hide hide the selected model ingredient and its associated relations O O O e Select one of the following options to show a hidden part of the display o Show subfragments show imported model fragments o Expand show all information attached below the selected model ingredient o Expand Relations show relations attached to the selected model ingredient o Expand All Tree show all information from the selected tree that was hidden 60 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 The visualization will be adapted accordingly Icons with a yellow fill denote that relevant information is hidden from view icons with a grey fill denote that only irrelevant information is hidden When relations are hidden a small icon is displayed near the items involved 6 1 10 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during working with model fragments are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem e Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback Warning You are about to delete the model fragment which already has content You have chosen to delete a model fragment that has already some content defined in it Deleting the model fragment would imply that tts contents are also deleted o Press Apply if you want to continue o
115. t you can set the selection mode to select individual states or paths see Figure 50 By default the state selection mode is set to Select individual states The selection can be manipulated in several ways using the mouse and the buttons located under the Select header as described in the following subsections Select individual states Select a path Population behaviour Simulate E 0 x File View Display Select DIEN py i Deselect all states Selected states 1 6 Selected path fi 3 5 6 Figure 50 Selecting a path in the state transition graph 8 1 1 Select individual states e Press the button Select individual states Since this is the default mode it will not be necessary to press this button unless you have changed the state selection mode to Select a path earlier Garp3 displays the current selection in the Selected states text field below the state transition graph on the left This text field can also be used directly to enter states to be selected 8 1 2 Select a path e Press the button Select a path When this button is pressed Garp3 will search for the shortest path from to or through selected states depending on the type of states you select This is done according to the following rules e lf an end state is selected Garp3 will return the shortest path to that end state e fa state is selected which is not an end state Garp3 will re
116. t in legacy mode including the conditions shown in red and results consequences shown in blue On the top side of the window the name of the model fragment is shown followed by the names of the entities involved Below the name the parent Supertype of the model fragment is shown following Is a 103 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 iojxi g Model fragment birth green_frog in state 2 Simulate E oj x Birth Green frog Death Green frog Immigration Green frog Pond Greer Birth Green frog Population Green frog a OE E Conditions entities and relations quantities number_of green_frog number_of1 continuous zsml birth green_frog birth1 continuous zp quantity values dependencies greater number_of1 zero model fragments population g entities and relations quantities quantity values value birth1 unk plus zero dependencies inf_pos_by number_of1 birth1 model fragments z amp mx Show model fragment in legacy mode Figure 60 The model fragment Birth shown in legacy mode 9 7 3 Show Model Fragment in Context e Select the model fragment of interest e Press the button Show model fragment in context A window will appear which shows the model fragment in a graphical context using the visualisation of the dependency view see Figure 61 In this window the conditions of the model fragment are shown in red and the c
117. tainer will also increase In order to add a proportionality you already need to have defined two quantities in the Model Fragment e Select the two quantities between which the proportionality must hold while holding down the Shift key e Press the button Add proportionality as a consequence A window will appear entitled Add a new proportionality Build similar to Figure 38 70 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e f necessary press the button Switch arguments to reverse the direction of the proportionality e Select the sign of the Proportionality P or P e Add a remark if desired e Press the button Apply changes 6 8 1 5 Delete Proportionality e Select the proportionality that must be deleted by clicking on the representation on the screen e Open the Edit menu and select the option Delete 6 8 1 6 Modify Proportionality e Select the proportionality that must be modified e Open the Edit menu and select the option Properties e In this Dialogue you can do the following e Change the sign of the proportionality e Switch arguments of the proportionality thus the direction of the proportionality by using the switch arguments button e Press the button Apply changes 6 8 2 Inequalities Inequalities are dependencies which specify ordinal relations between two items When used as conditions the inequalities must hold for the model fragment to be applicable W
118. tasks from view A detailed description of the operations in the Simulate environment is presented in part IIl of this document 17 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 3 General Aspects of the Garp3 Interface This chapter describes general aspects of the interface of Garp3 including the meaning of general action buttons and graphical icons as well as the tool tip texts and the toolbars 3 1 General Action Buttons There are a number of general action buttons which are used frequently throughout the Garp3 interface especially in the Build part These general action buttons are displayed in Table 1 In these buttons the blue earth icon stands for the model as a whole while the part stands for a model ingredient Table 1 Model and model ingredient action buttons save changes Undo or cancel Zoom in out to model changes Create new Show ingredient Copy Delete ingredient properties ingredient ingredient 3 2 Graphical Icons There are a number of graphical icons which signify types of model ingredients in a Garp3 model These are shown in table 2 In this table the labels for the dependency l and the calculation are examples since there are different types of dependencies and calculations e g see section 6 8 for more details Table 2 Graphical icons for types of model ingredients ge Configuration Quantity 3 3 Tool tip Texts To allow the user to find out which action is associated
119. te e Press the button Select a scenario to simulate A list of available scenarios will appear e Select one of the scenarios in the list e Press the Simulate selected scenario button Garp3 will display the scenario and its possible interpretations in the state transition graph The possible interpretations are considered start states They are coloured yellow to indicate their status as interpreted In Figure 46 there is only one start state 1 which is quite common If there is no start state it was not possible to generate a valid interpretation of the scenario In that case you will need to edit your model If only one scenario is defined the Select a scenario to simulate button will change into a Simulate scenario lt scenario name gt button In this case simulating this scenario only requires one step e Press the button Simulate scenario lt scenario name gt 7 1 2 Terminate selected states States can be terminated to see whether there are any changes in quantity values which may lead to state transitions 82 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Press the button Terminate selected states Garp3 will determine which termination rules apply to the selected states and change their status to terminated This is visible in the state transition graph by a change in the states colour to orange 7 1 3 Order selected states Next states can be ordered to investigate which
120. the Display menu Garps will try to optimize the layout for the states 10 3 3 Layout Terminations e Choose the option Layout states from the Display menu Garps will try to optimize the layout for the terminations Note that the termination nodes are only visible when this is set in the preference settings 10 3 4 Hide Show Input State e Choose the option Settings from the Display menu A window will appear called Preference settings The button Input State under the header Show in state transition graph is pressed by default to indicate that it should be shown e Depress the button Input State The input state representing the scenario will be hidden from view e Press the button Input State again to show the input state 10 3 5 Show Hide Termination Nodes By default the state transition graph only displays the closed transitions e the termination rules which have successfully led to a transition to another state It is possible however to show all terminations regardless of their status e Choose the option Settings from the Display menu A window will appear called Preference settings The button Termination Nodes under the header Show in state transition graph is depressed by default to indicate that they should be hidden from view e Press the button Termination Nodes The termination nodes will be shown in the graph as small nodes attached
121. thin the window Add a new conditional model fragment Build e Press the button Open model fragment editor The model fragment editor will appear see Section 6 1 7 6 15 Error and Warning Messages The error and warning messages which you may encounter during the operations related to identity links are listed below with an explanation of why they occur and how to remedy the problem Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback Warning By using an identity relation it is possible to create contradictions in the subelements of both instances o Make sure that the entities can be regarded as identical i e that they are of the same type and do not have quantities with different values Please confirm change Before confirm the following feedback Warning The a in model fragment will be deleted because is no longer part of the model fragment This warning occurs when something is deleted that is connected to other items in the model fragment Conflict This action is impossible Please check the following feedback There is already an identity between these instances 80 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Part lll Running and inspecting simulations In this part you will learn about the Simulate environment of Garp3 Here you can run and inspect simulations based on the qualitative models made in the Build environment as described in part Il Part Ill consists of
122. title Add a new agent Build see Figure 28 Select the Agent that you want to instantiate Type a name for the agent instance in the Name field Add remarks in the Remarks field if desired Press Apply changes add a new agent Build l Oj x Name More frogs Remarks A neighbouring frog population Figure 28 Adding an agent to the scenario 5 8 2 Deleting a Agent Instance Select the Agent Instance you want to delete Select Delete in the Edit menu lf the Agent Instance has any other elements attached to it a warning will be given In the case of a warning press the button Apply changes to confirm the deletion 5 8 3 Modifying a Agent Instance Select the Agent Instance you want to modify Select Properties in the Edit menu Here you can change the parent name and the comments of the Agent Instance Press the button Apply changes 54 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 5 8 4 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There is a shortcut in the interface to open the agent definitions editor directly from within the window Add a new agent Build e Press the button Open agent definitions editor 5 9 Assumptions in Scenarios Assumptions are used in scenarios to model conditions which trigger specific model fragments thereby constraining the behaviour of the system in some way There are general assumptions and assumptions about entities 5 9 1 Ad
123. to represent the behaviour of the system 5 5 1 Adding a Quantity with Quantity space to an Entity Instance In order to add a quantity you need to have at least one entity instance in your scenario 47 1 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Select the entity instance to which you want to attach a quantity Press the button Add quantity A window will appear entitled Add new quantity Build see Figure 24 Select the quantity definition you want to add to the entity instance Select the quantity space to be associated with the quantity Add remarks if desired Press Apply changes J Add anew quantity Build Instance Green frog Figure 24 Adding a new quantity to the scenario 5 5 2 Deleting a Quantity from an Entity Instance e Select the Quantity that you want to delete e Select the Delete option in the Edit menu 48 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 5 5 3 Modifying a Quantity connected to an Entity Instance e Select the Quantity that you want to modify e Select the Properties option in the Edit menu e Now you can change the properties of the Quantity as described in section 5 5 1 e Press the button Apply changes 5 5 4 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts There are several keyboard shortcuts for working with quantities in scenarios Ctrl Q Add quantity Ctrl S Save model to disk Delete Delete the selected quantity Backspace Delete the sele
124. to the state they originate from e Depress the button Termination Nodes The termination nodes will be hidden from view 10 3 6 Show Hide Internal Quantity Names Garp3 internally uses slightly different names for the quantities during the reasoning process than the ones shown in the interface The simulation engine needs to add numbers to the names of quantities to make them unique It is possible to show the internal names in the dependency view as in legacy mode e Choose the option Settings from the Display menu A window will appear called Preference settings e Press the button Show Internal Quantity Names in Dependency View The internal quantity names will be shown in the dependency view as in legacy mode e Depress the button Show Internal Quantity Names in Dependency View to hide the internal quantity names from view this is the default setting 107 107
125. tton Select none to deselect all equations at once 9 3 4 Draw an Equation History for selected Equations e Select the equations of interest e Press the button Draw equation history on the bottom left Garp3 will display an equation history for each of the selected equations with the generic equation on top In the equation history the following visualisation is used see the right hand side of Figure 53 e The selected states are shown on the bottom along the X axis 94 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e The type of in equality is shown above the state number It is shown as a symbol which should be inserted in the place of the 9 3 5 Clear the Screen e Press the button Clear screen 9 3 6 Changing the Display Format of Equations The list of equations can be formatted in several ways e Press the button Show long names Quantities are displayed in the format QuantityName EntityName This is the default option e Press the button Show short names Quantity names are displayed without the entity names e Press the button Show names in legacy mode Quantity names are displayed in legacy mode i e the way they were shown in previous versions of Garp 9 3 7 Include Exclude Derivative Equations e Press the button Include Derivative Equations The equations between derivatives will be included in the list as well e Press the button Exclude Derivative
126. ture so each run may give another result and it is not guaranteed to improve the layout in all cases 9 6 8 Change layout quantities e Press the button Change layout quantities e Repeat the above operation if desired e Adjust the layout by hand by dragging entities and or quantities with the mouse if desired When an entity is moved all quantities inside it move with it The layout mechanism used is a spring based mechanism which tries to keep tightly connected quantities close together However the mechanism is non deterministic in nature so each run may give another result and it is not guaranteed to improve the layout in all cases Currently this button is not functional It is not yet possible to create full quantity correspondences directly in the Build environment instead a combination of a quantity correspondence and a derivative quantity correspondence can be used 101 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 9 6 9 Change layout dependencies Dependencies are drawn by default as straight lines with a circular dependency label in the middle When there are many dependencies to display the labels may partly overlap When this happens it may be useful to change the layout of some dependencies e Adjust the layout by hand by dragging the circular dependency label with the mouse if desired The lines and arrows attached will move accordingly 9 6 10 Zoom in e Press the button Zoom in This w
127. turn the shortest path from that state to an end state e f multiple states are selected Garps will return the shortest path between those states When no path can be found according to these rules Garp3 will issue a warning message 89 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 Garp3 displays the current selection of states and the currently selected path in the Selected states and Selected path text field respectively see Figure 50 Both text fields are located below the state transition graph 8 1 3 Select a state e Move the mouse above the desired state in the graph and press the left mouse button once A red glow will appear around the state to indicate that it is selected 8 1 4 Select an additional state e Select an additional state with the mouse while holding down the shift key on the keyboard 8 1 5 Select all states e Press the button Select all states 8 1 6 Deselect a state e Select an already selected state with the mouse while holding down the shift key on the keyboard 8 1 7 Deselect all states e Press the button Deselect all states 90 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 9 Inspecting Simulations Garp3 offers besides the state transition graph several views for inspecting different aspects of a simulation They are listed in Table 5 together with their button icons and a reference to the section in which they are described All these views can all be acce
128. ty iog List of already eer TER TE Frog existing entities Lizard Plant Set of entities Population Name Tree Remarks Apply changes Cancel changes Figure 10 Adding a new entity 4 1 3 Delete an Entity Select the entity that must be deleted Press the button Delete entry from hierarchy In the case that deletion of the selected entity will affect other parts of the model a warning message will appear explaining the effects In that case it is possible to cancel or apply the proposed changes Press the button Apply changes to confirm the deletion if necessary 4 1 4 Modify an Entity Select the entity that must be modified Press the button Show properties You can now change the name of the entity and its parent by selecting another available entity in the Parent listbox You may also add comments about the entity in the Remarks text field In the case that your changes will affect other parts of the model a warning message will appear explaining the effects In that case it is possible to cancel or apply the proposed changes Press the button Apply changes to confirm your modifications if necessary 4 1 5 View Change the View of the Entity Hierarchy There are several options to manipulate the view of the hierarchy see Figure 11 Press the button Layout hierarchy list to show the hierarchy in an indented list format Press the button Layout hierarchy
129. ueloritoenareatelditeutaltheadiadeuidede due 26 AL Dere ANDUN Ae ean E a TA 26 42 Move Almipure Value Op OF DOW enikan e a a a alaiteelaietateiaitiies 26 420 Delete AUNOU DETU OT wg tinea AE ET EEOAE EROE E 26 AD Mod NATTIDULC DENON ee AEO OA 26 ADO COPY ANDU ED UON irie aT E NE AE ETER 26 429 Errorand Warnihn e M essa CCS dnie a T E a AE a 27 4 3 CONFIGURATIONS oree or EE E E T E E E T A ates E A 27 AS Workme win COn Urati ONS oos eere E a e eE E E S anend eee amevenneeales 27 Aaa Add Conn ewon sea E T R A E a E escalated 27 Ades APDClCte CON Ura ON wutvcenteveccheveusuatasivededsves a a T ves ccverclavennvald a 28 ak Mody GONPUCUTOIION Seas eo Aussies E ENEE N ou sateen tel iewaatsee teas ea eA Ia 28 4 4 OUAN TITE sce ee aceasta hale ea enc reat wack ets adam neta cred we ene een ee neater aceee aloes 28 FALT WOrn EW OU GIT CS soe acid E E N E an datien eae T 28 BAe CHOC ONAN eerste EE 28 Bae Derete OUt UN neen a esi ise hasta oe AO O 29 BaD AMOI OUNEN rier E oii isectnc ease cue eR ETIO 29 AAS MODY ONANI N aa AREE ese nta esa Pan aale anata eNRamA AAE 29 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 4 4 6 Error and Warning MCSSAC OSS sci vonistei cass Stee ace suas REREAD 30 4 4 7 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts sic iocceseGs aise Shia ie 30 4 5 OUANTIT Y PACES shititesi A ca hetabinacdat Sneuts ean dadnadasa hte eaaseidnea T 30 4 5 1 Working With Quantities SPACES asin ioscan ee AAA RE 30 Ae CTE UGH S GC Car EEE ENT E 3 BND Ad ONY
130. use SNOTICUTS iti Enns EAE NETR 44 5 3 ATIRIBUTESIN SCENARIOS aiie E AE re re eer ee One NE 45 Del AddineanAtrib te to an Entity NSIGNCE nenii e E EE E TEN 45 5 3 2 Deleting an Attribute from an Entity Instance cccccccccccccsssesssceecccccnaesesseccceceaaasssecceeseaaaaaanseeseessaaaaes 46 Ida MOYNE GIA TOIL a E EEE E OO E NEE N ENNE EA 46 JIJA keyboard and Mouse SHOTICUIS cense E E EE A E EE 46 5 4 CONFIGURATIONS IN SCENARIOS eiaa arre eenn E N E E A N E aaaeeintiatneeseees 46 5 4 1 Adding a Configuration between two Entity Instances cccccccccccsesseeeeesceeeeeaeeeeseecceeeeaaeeesseseeesaaaassees 46 SA Delennad Con eura O a ea E N N E A 47 JAI Modi MEA COn OUT ATION Soer aE E REE EEE E E E ye wees eaten 47 Dae Kbar dana Mouse SHOTICIIS enire iE r EN NEEN E EN E T TOER 47 S QUANTITIES AND QUANTITY SPACES IN SCENARIOS s sssesesssesesrsertssetrsrtrertrerersrersrersresterscerstesecessresseeseee 47 5 5 1 Adding a Quantity with Quantity space to an Entity INSTANCE ccccccccsseeccccccccce a eesesecceeeenaeesseeeeeseeeaaaes 47 332 Deletine a Quantiy ronan Entity INIANCE nirean n EEEE EEE EEE EEE 48 5 5 3 Modifying a Quantity connected to an Entity Instance woccccccccssesccccccccce ee eessseceeeeeeaeesseceeeeeaaaesseeeseeseaaaes 49 4 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 5 5 4 Keyboard and Mouse Shortcuts shisnieeeheR nhc titi RA 49 5 6 WV ATUES INCE NARIOS sia A 49 5 6 1 Seta Value on a Quantity Magnitude wiser mea ai aii
131. ust be deleted e Press the delete button on the keyboard or delete via Edit menu 6 7 4 Modify a Value e Select the value in the derivative s quantity space that you want the derivative to have instead of the current value e Press the button Add value in the Consequence or Condition column of the button bar Setting the new value will delete the previous one 6 8 Dependencies in Model Fragments Behavioural dependencies describe relations between behavioural features There are three kinds of dependencies causal dependencies inequalities and correspondences 6 8 1 Causal Dependencies Causal dependencies are used to model how processes affect the system Direct effects are modelled as influences indirect effects are modelled as proportionalities Both can be either positive or negative 6 8 1 1 Add Influence An influence is a causal dependency that models a direct effect from value to derivative For example in the case of a positive influence l when a liquid flow has the value plus the amount of liquid at the destination will increase In order to add an influence your model fragment must contain two quantities Note influences cannot be added in a Static Model Fragment 69 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e Select the two quantities between which the influence must hold use the Shift button to make multiple selections e Press the button Add influence as consequence A wi
132. wed to keep increasing or decreasing in the highest or lowest point of the quantity space When running a simulation the question is whether a quantity may increase while being in its highest point There is no single answer to this issue because it depends on what the modeller wanted to represent with the upper limit in the quantity space Is it a real limit beyond which the quantity magnitude cannot go Or is it a virtual limit the magnitude of the quantity may become higher beyond this landmark but the values above the landmark are not of interest By using this preference the modeller can decide upon a perspective as appropriate for the model created When the quantity spaces include real limits this preference can be turned on to apply the quantity space constraints on the derivative of quantities with extreme values Apply correspondences in ordering default on Correspondences are crucial for merging possible terminations Often when quantities or specific values correspond it means that both quantities will need to change value at the same time On very rare occasions a modeller may not want this approach and view all terminations as independent This can be realised by turning off this preference Be aware however that not using correspondences in ordering easily results in an explosion of possible transitions You are therefore advised not to switch this preference off 87 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 When
133. with Quantities Spaces e Press the button Open quantity space definitions editor in the Garp3 main screen The quantity space definitions editor will appear see Figure 15 e Press the button Close this editor on the bottom right if you have finished working with the quantity space definitions When you have unsaved changes a warning message will appear e Press the button Undo changes if you want to discard the changes in the quantity space definitions since the last time you saved 30 107 mH op ge Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 e gt Quantity spaces Build of x Add quantity space Copy selected quantity space 4 Delete selected quantity space Name My new qspace Add value high Definition Definition of the pA ox Delete value high Ig Te quantity space aMliddle Low ST Re ase 51 HHAH Combine intervals Split interval r Value Zero Bottom Add value high Remarks Close this editor Undo changes Figure 15 The quantity space definitions editor 4 5 2 Create Quantity Space Press the button Add quantity space Type a unique name in the Name field Add a value or more see section 4 5 3 Add remarks if desired Press the button Save changes 4 5 3 Add a Value Press the button Add point value or Add interval value depending on whether you want to add a point or an interval value to the quantity space Note this only applies t
134. with each button or icon the interface will display a tool tip text when the mouse is on top of a button or icon see Figure 7 In the case of model ingredient icons not only type information is displayed but also the remarks provided by the modeller e g in the right side of the figure The size of the population is a remark about the quantity Number of S Number of Quantity Number of x i file tasks Figure 7 Two examples of tool tip texts instance Green frog Population The size of the population 18 107 Project No 004074 NATURNET REDIME D 4 2 1 3 4 The Toolbars The Garp3 interface provides several toolbars which reduce the need to access menus In some cases it is possible to carry out an action using either a menu option or a button in a toolbar In such cases this manual shows only the way to execute the action using the toolbar because that is generally the fastest way The toolbars are context sensitive in the sense that they provide visual feedback about which actions can be performed at a particular moment In the toolbars only the buttons associated with actions that are possible at that moment are active the buttons associated with actions that are impossible at that moment e g because something else has to be selected first are greyed out to signify that they are inactive This supports the user in selecting possible options thereby avoiding mistakes An example is provided in Figure 8 which

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