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1. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 TEMPERATURE C MANUFACTURED BY METAGLAS 5IGHT GLASS DISC om DESIGNED 16 10 2008 Schuller CHECKED M E TAG L AS Stress calculations The Only Safe View Stress Calculations for Metal Fused Sight Glass Discs Fused metal sight glass discs are used in many sectors of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries They provide an alternative to the thermally stressed sight glass discs made to DIN 7080 Thermally stressed discs fail suddenly once a crack appears whereas the fused metal glasses when damaged suffer surface cracks but not total failure As opposed to thermally stressed sight glass discs the fused metal glasses are subject to compression stresses resulting from the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the metal and glass The difference in operational properties between the thermal and mechanical stressing sight glass discs can be explained by the residual stress which results from the manufacturing process in the case of the thermally stressed sight glass discs the heated blank is quenched by air applied to the outer surface which shrinks and simultaneously shocks the still hot and soft core area During further cooling the surface area is subject to compression stress and the core sector under tensile stress The resulting equilibrium is illustrated in
2. Em 31 3 5 2 Challenge S aura 31 3 5 3 Assortments of 32 3 5 4 Selection of material Kaduna 33 i HOGSKOLEN technologies 7 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 AAA 34 4 1 a ERE 34 4 1 1 PUG I EE 35 4 2 1 l ser Rc ieee ee hee it nel eae ieee geese eee 36 4 2 1 General 36 4 2 2 cet Eee ba ce ap e 37 4 2 3 Laser HOUSINE isete has 37 4 2 4 COMMC OM A AEO EA 39 4 3 HOUSING IA 43 4 3 1 aiU 44 4 3 2 45 4 3 3 MEAP 47 4 3 4 ASA 49 4 3 5 Glass metal seal penetrator essent entren 50 4 3 6 Bolts cm CR 51 4 3 7 Selmer eiue SEE 52 4 4 Strength call ulati tenuis 53 4 4 1 IO c 53 4 4 2 ASSemblV aa 54 4 5 diee AAA AAA AAA NAA WAA AAA AAA EA 63 4 5 1 INUA
3. Nuf A4 80 Oo 5 6 7 PART NUMBER MATERIAL QTY Housing CR22 Duplex 2 Top CR22 Duplex 3 1 4 Bolt flange housing L7M 8 5 Bolt top housing L7M 8 6 7 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED FINISH DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH TOLERANCES LINEAR ANGULAR NAME SIGNATURE DRAWN CHK D MFG Metaglass DEBUR AND BREAK SHARP EDGES DATE MATERIAL DO NOT SCALE DRAWING TITLE DWG NO Assembly B 2 3 4 WEIGHT SCALE 1 5 SHEET 1 OF 1 M8 THRU SECTION A A SCALE 1 2 2 04 4 10 NI o O Ol a UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED FINISH DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH TOLERANCES LINEAR ANGULAR NAME SIGNATURE DRAWN CHK D MFG DETAIL SCALE 1 1 for sealing DEBUR AND BREAK SHARP MATERIAL WEIGHT DO NOT SCALE DRAWING TITLE DWG NO SCALE 1 2 REVISION Flange SHEET 1 OF 1 A3 for sealing 34 35 Bu 244 SECTION A A SCALE 1 2 169 90 ow 104 825 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED FINISH DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS SURFACE FINISH TOLERANCES LINEAR ANGULAR NAME SIGNATURE DRAWN CHK D APPV D MFG QA M
4. fire polished glass surface Figure 8 Circular conentric cracks Figure 9 Circular cracks and break away at the edge Figure 10 the surface glass breaks up into larger flakes Figure 11 shows a glass which has been attacked by chemical corrosion Fig 8 and Fig 9 show glasses slightly damaged No risc for further use If the surface glass breaks up into larger flakes as shown in Fig 10 the sight glass should be exchanged although even here there is yet no risk to safety Fig 11 shows a glass which has been attacked by chemical corrosion and has lost more than 5090 of its bulk Therefor must be exchanged hight risc konkav feuerpoliert Glas 727 22 Fig 8 Fig 9 Fig 10 Fig 11 pe www metaglas com 53 METAGLAS The Only Safe View Stress calculations Load bearing capacity Calculation of stress in glass and steel 54 www metaglas com Normal sight glasses which are secured by flanged components between gaskets DIN 28120 must be treated as lying freely when bending occurs under one sided pressure even when subjected to high compression forces On the other hand glasses in pressure glass systems can be considered as clamped around the edge so long as the pressure ring itself is not significantly distorted under load If the loading of a sight glass e g up to the level of its compression stress distortion in the linear elastic zone is permi
5. 0 pressure Rotationsachse The Only Safe View Zug 0 pressure tension tension Undistored structure Core center Steelring GLASKERN 22 Y 74 9e0002 1 25 6008 i Cnm www metaglas com gt 51 METAGLAS The Only Safe View Stress calculations Figure 4 Radial Stress distribution at the transition of steel ring and glass core Figure 5 Radial Stress distribution in glass core section from fig 4 52 www metaglas com Figure 4 shows the lines of equal radial stress at the transition from glass to steel Figure 5 is an enlarged section of the stress diagram from fig 4 From fig 5 it is possible to recognise the concentration of stress near the glass metal joint These stress peaks are concentrated in a very specific area of the steel glass transition Fig 6 If this zone is subjected to further stress e g temperature shock mechanical loading it can in some cases lead to crack formation or even in the glass or even flaking off splinters These however remain limited to a range of a few millimetres as the further tendency to cracking is prevented by the adjacent compression stress The formation of stress cracks can be minimised by fire polishing a concave glass surface tin the critical stress zone Stress calculations METAGLAS The Only Safe View Figure 6 Zones of critical stresses Figure 7
6. qua MIS EU awana 61 Figure 27 Design insight DIOE EE EAER EEEE ei 62 Figure 28 Principle sketch of prototype dumt 63 Figure 29 Laser beam through flange and on to the 66 A H GSKOLEN MC technologies Page 9 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure 30 Fully assembled prototype eee etna entree tn tane 66 Figure 31 Laser Dea 67 Figure 32 Accumulator test 69 Figure 33 Accumulator Test Aa ani 70 Figure 34 Laser pointed towards the accumulator piston 0 200 70 Figure 35 Piston is at the top of the accumulator essen enne 72 Figure 36 The piston is in the middle of the accumulator 2 222 2 73 Figure 37 Our prototype tank is 102cm and the piston is 2 inches thick 74 Table List Table 1 Scoreboard of different solutions mtr ee ter tenant ei Li 25 Table 2 Scoreboard o ema eb FO rie hen kia RR NR ER XY ELEM ER 28 Table 3 Describes interface cables for AR1000 41 Laser AO UE Leed 72 Table 5 Laser EE EE 73 6 laser PACU AAA AAA c 74
7. anes 63 4 5 2 Material 64 4 5 3 CONSTRUCT OM si 65 4 5 4 ComriniCcatlon AA 68 4 5 6 Testing M M 69 EE Sn 77 EET 79 7 81 DO i HOGSKOLEN technologies 8 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure list Figure T Bladd r accultmlatof nn 14 Figure 2 Piston 15 Figure ET Ta 17 Figure 4 Master NOTS 19 Figure 5 Subsea Contro SysternLu unnmnnmenenemamneneeremnkeunn nva unije 20 Figure 6 Piston accumulator 21 Figure 7 Final assembly wi 35 Fig re 8 AR1000 Bs udi aeai iaaa ER 36 Figure 9 AR1000 laser with originally housing 2 0 0002 eene 38 Figure 10 Ar1000 laser without housing eco irm it sre EDD RU praebet n eoe ku 38 Figure 11 AR1000 laser interface cable that supports different output standards 40 Figure 12 RS 232 Serial Con
8. 3 FOR RING GROOVE DIMENSIONS SEE STD 1017 STD 1018 AND STD 1030 S BEVEL ANGLE LESS THAN 40 OPTIONAL S APPLICABLE ONLY ON FLANGES 207 907 WITH BX RING GROOVES 7 FOR REFERENCE ONLY OUTSIDE BACKFACE C CLEARANCE 2 6 69 200 182 1 00 681 11 69 12 12 500 107 669 1 62 2 31 0 2 1 00 7 18 1 15 18 000 1 0 7 06 69 0 2 gt TI N e ia 60 gt e o e NJO N LIM O N CA co 2 34 NUMBER MG ENGINEERING STANDARDS UR IM PAGE 2 OF 2 CORPORATION EE ad ORAN STRIGKLER EQUIPMENT p m s CHECKED BY MASON GROUP E FE REVIEWED BY BUCHTA 0 C T APPROVED BY WILLIAMS T OPTIONAL FOR 10K AND BELOW USE 1 2 LP SEE STD 0520 ABOVE 10K USE I 1 8 AUTOCLAVE CONNECTION DATUM AT THRU BORE TO BE CONFIRMED BY ENGINEER A FOR BOLT HOLE DIMENSIONS REFER TO STD 0406 4 FOR RING GROOVE DIMENSIONS SEE STD 1017 STD 1018 AND STO 1030 S BEVEL ANGLE LESS THAN 40 OPTIONAL APPLICABLE ONLY ON FLANGES WITH BX RING GROOVES FOR REFERENCE ONLY NB X DIA THRU BOLT DI AMETER NUMBER BOLTS HALF ANGLE gt 112 000
9. 4 Ill eerte toco tice e caecos Nocte seco e 5 Abbreviations isase irea egnede 6 T ree E 11 1 1 cnr RE 12 1 1 1 Secondary 12 1 2 Critical FA CLONS 13 2 steterit M 14 2 1 Em 14 2 2 Darabi vare 16 2 2 1 do EEE 16 2 2 2 E 16 2 3 mere 17 2 3 1 F ne ae 17 2 3 2 p 16 10 18 3 Concept generation i EE E E E EE 21 3 1 Pre study measuring 5 21 3 2 Selection part One 23 3 2 1 Scoreboard CE Ui 24 3 2 2 Scoreboard entere ERR eee 25 3 3 Selection part WA m 26 3 3 1 Scoreboard criteria cte Tn ete te e qiero ee ne eie Et 27 3 3 2 Scoreboard Matrix cerae dr re rtt b trage 28 3 3 3 Final solution of measuring eene nh annee nhan nnns 29 3 4 Mechanicaldesigri tubo endete 30 3 4 1 Criteria for mechanical 30 3 5 MIEWSNEIETSIIaC REEE 31 3 5 1
10. DEBUR AND BREAK SHARP DATE MATERIAL CR22 Duplex WEIGHT DO NOT SCALE DRAWING REVISION TITLE DWG NO SCALE 1 5 SHEET 1 OF 1 7 8 Hole for 58 THRU 1 4 100 L 1 34 350 SECTION 1 metal glass seal penetrator 2 UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED FINISH DEBUR AND SCALE 2 DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS BREAK SHARP DO NOT SCALE DRAWING REVISION SURFACE FINISH EDGES TOLERANCES LINEAR ANGULAR SIGNATURE TITLE QA MATERIAL DWG NO CR22 Duplex To D 1 3 WEIGHT SCALE 1 5 SHEET 1 OF 1 Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix D in R 6 FIMIG technologies H GSKOLEN Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix E 6 FMC technologies H GSKOLE Industeel URANUS 45N 22Cr Duplex Stainless Steel with PREN 33 or 34 Categories Metal Ferrous Metal Duplex Stainless Steel T S30000 Series Stainless Steel Material Description URANUS 45N UR 45N is a nitrogen alloyed 0 15 austenitic ferritic stainless steel 22 05 type with improved structure stability and high Notes general localized and stress corrosion resistance properties UR 45N with 22 Cr and 3 Mo additions performs much better than 316L grade in almost all corrosive media The
11. 0 1 Figure 25 Stress displacement by color A A i H GSKOLEN FIMIG technologies Page 60 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Although we have the displacement of F O S we also want to get an indication of how large the displacement will be when the load is applied Even though the displacement is only elastic in time this can be converted to plastic deformation due to wear So a low displacement indicates a long service life A displacement plot is shown in figure 26 Model name Final assembly Study name Pressure test assembly Plot type Static displacement Displacement1 Deformation scale 1 URES mm 1 547 001 1 419 001 1 290 001 1 161 001 1 032 001 9 027 002 7 737e 002 5 448e 002 5 158e 002 3 869e 002 2 579e 002 1 290e 002 1 000 030 Figure 26 Displacement plot The largest displacement will occur in center of the top as expected since this is the same zone of highest stress displacement Largest displacement occurs in this zone because the cylinder is hollow in this zone this results in a zone where there is no support from the cylinder From the figure we obtain a maximum displacement of 0 155mm which is considered acceptable FMC technologies Page 61 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit In case FMC would like to reduce the weight of the design a design insight plot may be plotted Figure 27 shows a design insight plot where the t
12. Accuracy From conversations with our external mentor the accuracy does not have to be extreme Grade 7 Durability The system would have to be able to operate without maintenance for 25 years Grade 10 Maintenance No maintenance because this is more expensive then replacing the system Grade 0 Communication Since this information is not available in any other form the information will have to be sent topside to be read Grade 9 Size For environments with high pressure it is preferably with smallest possible size Grade 5 Design The design is not important since it will be out of sight although it should be functional Grade 3 A ASA i HOGSKOLEN technologies 24 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 3 2 2 Scoreboard matrix LL LC e Radar Magnet Sending Unit Deae var Cost 8 4 32 1 8 5 40 Accuracy 7 5 35 5 35 3 21 Durability 10 5 50 5 50 2 20 Maintenance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Communication 9 4 36 5 45 4 36 Size 5 5 25 1 5 5 25 Design 3 3 9 4 12 3 9 Total 187 155 151 Table 1 Scoreboard of different solutions From the scoreboard matrix in Table 2 Diode Reading scored most points Thus it is the best solution The next stage will be to evaluate how to make this solution better and if there are any alternative solutions which will be beneficial to use HOGSKOLEN t
13. 2 2 Durability FMC Technologies has requirement of 25 years of lifetime expectancy to achieve this goal the material we use has to be durable and have a high corrosion resistance since there are no maintenance The electronic components will be placed inside the housing where there will be 1atm pressure 49 and it will be filled with dry Constant temperature and pressure and dry nitrogen significantly decrease the corrosion rate on the electronic components 2 2 1 Environment In our assembly there can be no leakage of any environment hazard substance The only leakage that can occur is into the water and since the air we breathe contains approximately 7896 N a leakage of this will not cause any hazards 2 2 2 Financial To achieve the 25 years lifetime the material must have long time durability which significantly increases the production cost We can see this as an investment since there will be much greater cost of maintaining the application A IO 1 HOGSKOLEN technologies Page 16 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 2 3 Interface 2 3 1 Flange A flange is used to attach the housing on to the accumulator tank the connection between the flange and the accumulator tank will be EB welded EB welding or electronic beam welding is a method used where material nearby the welding zone cannot be exposed to high temperatures due to lowering of strength in HAZ Another advantage is that
14. Sensur hovedoppgaver H gskolen i Buskerud Avdeling for Teknologi SE HOGSKOLEN Prosjektnummer 2010 10 For studie ret 2009 2010 i Buskerud Emnekode SFHO 3200 Prosjektnavn Malesystem for hydrauliske stempelakkumulatorer Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit HAMU Utf rt i samarbeid med FMC Technologies Ekstern veileder Odd Jan Kirkaune Sammendrag malesystem som m ler nivaet av hydraulisk olje i en stempelakkumulator Disse akkumulatorene er plassert p juletr r p havbunnen Stikkord Subsea e Malesystem Akkumulatortank Tilgjengelig NEI Prosjekt deltagere og karakter Navn Karakter Anders Eriksen Marius sterud 1 Alexander Sj berg EE Magnus Bjerkerud Dato 10 Juni 2010 Gunnar Olaf Hallan Graven Odd Jan Kirkaune Intern Veileder Intern Sensor Ekstern Sensor i Buskerud Department of engineering Institute of technology Title of document Main project report 2010 10 HAMU Subject Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Group Members Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Marius sterud and Magnus Bjerkerud Internal Mentor Gunnar Flak External Mentor Odd Jan Kirkaune Date We confirm that this document is fully made by 60000000000000000000000000 o0000000000000000000000000 o0000000000000000000000000 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Marius sterud Magnus Bjerkerud
15. will have to be sent topside to be read Grade 9 Maintenance No maintenance because this is more expensive then replacing the system Grade O Environment Describes the toughness of the laser more preferably with lasers with high MTBF and are made for though environments Gives indication of higher lifetime expectancy Grade 10 Size of lens For environments with high pressure it is preferably with smallest possible size Grade 5 Design The design is not important since it will be out of sight although it should be functional Grade 3 A ASA i HOGSKOLEN technologies 27 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 3 3 2 Scoreboard matrix Aa Value 1 10 Ar200 AR1000 AR4000 Cost 4 2 4 Accuracy 7 5 35 5 35 3 21 Durability 10 5 50 5 50 2 20 Communication 5 2 10 5 35 4 20 Maintenance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Environment 10 4 40 5 50 4 40 Size of lens 8 1 8 3 24 5 40 Design 3 2 6 4 12 2 6 Total 181 222 179 mL Value 1 10 ST263 DistoGAGE Astech LDM 301 A Astech LDM 41 A Cost 8 3 24 1 8 1 8 Accuracy 7 5 35 5 35 5 35 Durability 10 4 40 5 50 5 50 Communication 5 3 15 5 35 5 35 Maintenance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Environment 10 4 40 3 30 3 30 Size lens 8 5 40 1 8 3 24 Design 3 3 9 4 12 4 12 Total 201 178 194 Table 2 Scoreboard of different solutions A A i HOGSKOLEN technologies 28 1
16. Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit I Summary This report is based on the challenges FMC Technologies has due to measuring the amount of hydraulic oil inside a piston accumulator tank on the bottom of the sea It is favorably to know at any given time how much hydraulic oil is left in the tank in time some of the oil will be lost to the environment due to its function There are several hydraulic accumulator tanks attached to a subsea Xmas tree each operating on different system but perform the same main function which is to send hydraulic oil to an actuator The actuator uses the hydraulic oil as energy to open and close valves Today FMC Technologies does not have any satisfying solution regarding this problem rather they use prior experience of how long it takes before an accumulator tank needs to be refilled In collaboration with FMC Technologies a solution to the problem has been developed for measuring the remaining hydraulic oil inside the tank where a measuring system were put on the top of the accumulator tank protected by a housing The critical issue for the system is an expected lifetime of 25 years Several solution regarding a measuring system where proposed A scoreboard criterion where used to distinguish out the best solution according to the requirements given by FMC Technologies A detailed concept regarding the best solution where developed which consist of a time of flight laser placed inside a hous
17. Priority Normal Subject SV SV M15 bolter Type Embeded HTML Text Ok Alle L7 kvaliteter blir brukt offshore Materiale A4 80 syrefast M12 Lender 20 25 30 35 40 45 50mm med helgjenget lengde 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150mm delgjenget Disse er de lengdene som er greie fataki stort sett grade L7 materialer du den lengden du vil Dette er et materiale som ikke finnes i bolter normalt de m lages Hvis du kan bruke grade 8 8 det er det vanlige bolter er lage av noen kaller det carbon bolter er de i samme lengder som A4 80 opp til ca 200mm hver 10mm oppover Hvis dette er et prosjekt dere planlegger for subseabruk for eksempel er det mange tilleggskrav til en bolt s det forbauser meg hvis dere kan bruke en standard bolt Hvis det er offshore subseabolt er det som regel krav om en spesiell produksjonm te testing av ramaterial max hardhet Mpi testing av ferdiglaget skrue Batchmerking batch traceabillity sertifikater i batter og spann osv Hvis det er tilfelle sa kan dere ogsa velge lengde for da skruene lages okke som Med vennlig hilsen Regards ProffPartner AS Torill Finnerud TIf 47 982 97964 http www proffpartner no Fra Alexander Sj berg mailto alexander_sjoberg epost no Sendt 17 mars 2010 12 35 Til Torill Finnerud Emne Re SV M15 bolter Da tror jeg faktisk vi vil ga ned til M12 Den ene kvaliteten er A4 80 den andre er jeg ikke he
18. Table 7 Command MNT 75 1 HOGSKOLEN technologies Page 10 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 1 Introduction The bachelor thesis in collaboration with FMC Technologies was to develop a measuring unit that measures the level of hydraulic fluid in piston accumulator tanks The critical factors regarding this thesis is the design of the housing this is where all the electronics are placed how to attach the housing to accumulator and to find a proper way to get a viewing into the accumulator for a measurement We will have a selection of components with scoreboard regarding which materials and electronics that are most favorably of our components except the electronics will be exposed to pressure either external or external and internal Therefore we have created a design in Solid Works which is a 3D CAD software to pressure test all of our components to make sure they withstand the pressure The design of the housing will incorporate economic resistible to pressure and machine ability We have in previous submission proposed and discussed concepts for measuring and we will reduce these to one concept with the help of a scoreboard A DO FMC technologies Page 11 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 1 1 Goals The main goal of the project is to develop a good design and concept of the measuring unit the concept has to fulfi
19. 09 ITEM MINUTES ACTION 10 09 09 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 1130 1300 Mgte med FMC Vi var interessert i prosjektet og ordnet m te med Odd Jan Kirkaune Vi fikk en kort introduksjon p hva prosjektet handlet om Vi ble enige om ta prosjektet 17 09 09 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0815 1430 Pr ver sette oss mer inn i prosjektet finne ut hvordan systemet fungerer Skriver ned sp rsm l til Odd Jan 24 09 09 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 1130 1300 M te med FMC Odd Jan besvarer v re sp rsm l og vi f r et bedre innblikk i prosjektet Minutes of meeting Page 1 1 10 09 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0815 1430 Vi setter oss inn i som skal gj res frem til jul Vi har noen sp rsm l ang ende prosjektideen som m vises til Olaf 8 10 09 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0815 1430 Begynner med prosjektide Vi fordeler de forskjellige avsnittene p hverandre 15 10 09 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0815 1430 Gj r oss ferdige med prosjektideen 22 10 09 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg og Marius sterud 0815 1200 Starter p forstudien AE AS M Magnus er borte og f r egne oppgaver MB 29 10 09 Anders E
20. 4 3 1 Chamber The chamber inside the housing will be a one atmosphere chamber which is necessary to create a good environment for the electronic components To achieve this the housing needs to be completely sealed from its environments which are accomplished either by using gaskets or by welding To increase the lifetime of the electronic components which is an essential factor the chamber needs to be dried FMC has a standard method by filling the chamber with dry nitrogen and when the chamber is completely dried up the chamber will be sealed A DO H GSKOLEN i Buskerud technologies 44 Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 3 2 Cylinder The bottom of the cylinder is identical to the flange for the two surfaces to meet and to be connected likewise for the top of the cylinder and the top lock To make the part as much uniform as possible and easy to manufacture we used the same outer diameter throughout the cylinder except at the top since the outer diameter of the top lock is given by the space required to fit the laser The outer diameter could have been reduced due to unnecessary high F O S except for the top and bottom of the cylinder which has to be equal to the opposite surfaces Reducing this area would make the cylinder much less uniform and more expensive to machine due to a more complex part Not preferably since there is no restriction due to weight limitations except beyond common sense Also taken
21. 422 as well as the simple analog output that measures the laser range between 4 20 mA One can also use the optional Profibus RS 422 and the Simple Sensor Interface protocol We decided to use the RS232 as the output input communication for several reasons firstly because our external mentor recommended it but we also concluded after research that RS 232 fit our specifications best RS 232 is a standard for serial binary single ended data and control signals This is a simple and common use of transmitting electrical signals with two wires one wire carries the voltage signal and the other carries the reference voltage which is usually ground We are using full duplex meaning that RS 232 can both send and receive signals This means that we need to use three wires for the communication with the laser one for transmitting data one for receiving data and the last for a reference signal ground RS 232 is limited by a short range which is undesirable on the sea floor FMC technologies will either use a RS 232 to RS 485 converter or a RS 232 to CAN bus converter These are small converters that make the voltage signals travel further with a different serial standard A A i HOGSKOLEN technologies 39 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit For our prototype we only use the RS 232 serial standard for communication as the range is short The software Microsoft Hyperterminal will be the pr
22. Calculated Charpy Impact gt 120 4 gt 88 5 ft Ib 150 J 111 ft Ib Typical gt 75 0 gt 55 3 ft lb Temperature 50 0 C Temperature 58 0 F 90 0 J 66 4 ft lb Typical Temperature 50 0 C Temperature 58 0 F Shear Modulus 75 0 GPa 10900 ksi 20 C Electrical Properties Metric English Comments Electrical Resistivity 0 0000800 ohm cm 0 0000800 ohm cm Temperature 20 0 C Temperature 68 0 F Thermal Properties Metric English Comments CTE linear 13 5 7 50 pin in F Temperature 20 0 100 C Temperature 68 0 212 F 14 0 um m C 7 78 uin in F Temperature 20 0 200 C Temperature 68 0 392 F 14 5 um m C 8 06 uin in F Temperature 20 0 300 C Temperature 68 0 572 F Specific Heat Capacity 0 450 J g C 0 108 BTU Ib F Temperature 20 0 C Temperature 68 0 F Thermal Conductivity 17 0 W m K 118 BTU in hr ft F Temperature 20 0 C Temperature 68 0 F Component Elements Properties Metric English Comments Carbon C 0 020 0 020 Chromium Cr 22 0 22 0 Fe 69 518 69 52 69 518 69 52 Molybdenum Mo 3 0 3 0 Nickel Ni 5 30 Yo 5 30 Nitrogen N 0 16 Yo 0 16 Sulfur S lt 0 0020 lt 0 0020 Some of the values displayed above may have been converted from their original units and or rounded in order to display the information in a consistent format Users requiring more precise data for scientific or engineering calculations can click on the property va
23. F O S then if you only applied the forces working in one direction It were drawn a conclusion in collaboration with a teacher who teaches in Solid Works that applying all the forces at once is correct because this is what happens in its natural environment In an assembly it is very important that the restraints are correct according to how they will be restrained in reality Placing a part onto another part is a form for restraint because it will result in locking the part for an instance in one direction Forces applied can also result in a form of restraint which has to be taken in consideration Building up a system of correct restraints can sometimes be difficult and confusing also it is required a certain amount of restraints before Solid Works Simulation is able to run an analyze This can be somewhat experimental since situations where all restraints are place correctly and still the analyze is not able to run can occur This is of course due to a logical reason and can therefore be solved correctly A AA FIMIG technologies Page 54 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure 20 Shows displacement of pressure on the assembly Blue color 275 bare water column and red color 345 bar internal pressure from accumulator tank By cutting the assembly in two it gives a better insight in the displacement of loads applied since one of the loads is applied inside the flange and cylinder The assembly
24. and the pin is gold plated On the jumper side the pin with the solder cup has an insulation collar A crack in the glass of the penetrator will in most cases causes a drop in insulation resistance Water will easily enter the crack but a silicone oil molecule is 2000 to 20000 times bigger than water molecules and will stay outside the crack Water in such a crack is held back with capillary forces and will be very hard to extract Abstracted from report given by Odd Jan Kirkaune FMC Technologies The glass metal seal penetrator is used to prevent any form of leakage which in most cases would be devastating Material compatibility is an important factor when welding the penetrator to the top Figure 18 Glass metal seal penetrator FMC technologies Page 50 H GSKOLEN Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 3 6 Bolts and nuts The material and quality of bolts and nuts were given in collaboration with FMC Technologies the quality of bolts and nuts is a standard for subsea equipment We started our design with four pin bolts with M16 size but after a design review we decided to change it to eight pin bolts with M8 The decision was taken because of adjustments to the housing the holes were too large to fit the housing The pressure test with eight pin bolt holes was sufficient enough to satisfy the requirements from FMC Technologies The bolts are L7M which is a low temperature carbon steel grade with internal hexagon sinc
25. area causes a slight convex form which even grinding of the surface will not entirely remove The new surface created by the manufacturing process inevitably follows the effective forces acting upon it FEM investigations 4 into fused metal sight glass discs show that the compressive stress is not unconnected with the radius and spacing coordinates at right angles to the glass surface Figure 3 shows the typical course of radial stress in the glass surface indicated as compression stress by the minus sign From the centre of the glass a relatively large area of constant stress can be recognised Close to the glass edge i e one or two millimetres from the separation area bordering the steel the stress is shown to be at a distinct minimum Further toward the steel rim the compression stress rises at a steep gradient again and indeed over the value at the centre of the glass 50 www metaglas com Stress calculations METAGLAS Figure 1 Schematic representation of stress distribution in direction of thickness for thermal left and mechanical right stressing of a sight glass disc bending stress progression resulting for one sided compression application b residual stress progression created by the manvfacturing process c overlap of load stress and residual stress progression Figure 2 Distorted and undistorted structure Figure 3 Curve of Sx stress relative to glass centre on glass surface Zug
26. built for sea measurements and therefore the housing will not be able to withstand the environments on the seabed Since there will be designed a new housing for the AR1000 laser which is capable of withstanding these environments the originally housing serves no purpose in fact it will only make the new housing larger than necessary Since there is beneficial to have components under high pressure as small as possible we will remove the originally housing to save space Below is a simplified 2D drawing of the AR1000 laser with its originally housing and a 2D drawing of the space required without the housing AA H GSKOLEN i Buskerud FIMG Technologies Page 37 Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure 9 AR1000 laser with originally housing Figure 10 Ar1000 laser without housing A AA HOGSKOLEN technologies 38 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Since the originally housing severs no purpose and from the 2D drawings we can conclude that there is quite a difference in space occupied with and without the housing The conclusion of stripping the laser from its originally housing is determined The space occupied by the laser without the housing is about half the size the laser would occupy with its originally housing 4 2 4 Communication The AR1000 supports many types of communicational outputs There are the serial outputs RS 232 full duplex and the optional RS
27. buying a completed measuring system from a distributor the conclusion were that a distributor would have a much higher insight regarding these principles Building a system from scratch would be much more time consuming regarding high enough accuracy and there would be impossible to make any lifetime expectancy since this involve testing the system for a longer period of time To ensure we overcome the requirements given by FMC the diode reading system were repudiated by a complete laser system Another benefit for the group internally was freeing time for building a prototype After searching for various lasers with various benefits disadvantages from various suppliers we came down to six lasers that would fit our application Another scoreboard was created to determine the best choice of solution The scoreboard has the same values as the i HOGSKOLEN technologies 26 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit previously scoreboard since the criteria s have not changed but there have also been added new criteria s 3 3 1 Scoreboard criteria Cost Always an important factor in any aspect Grade 8 Accuracy From conversations with our external mentor the accuracy does not have to be extreme Grade 7 Durability The system would have to be able to operate without maintenance for 25 years Grade 10 Communication Since this information is not available in any other form the information
28. figure 1 left hand section curve b In the production of metal fused sight glasses the steel ring and glass are heated up to the necessary melting temperature where the glass flows onto the steel ring During the cooling of the composite mass when a point is reached below the so called inversion temperature the glass comes under compression stress due to the different yet suited expansion coefficients of steel and glass the level of this stress is proportional to the impeded heat expansion At the same time the steel ring comes under tensile stress The mechanically stressed sight glass disc comes under a homogeneous compression stress which applies homogeneously across the whole cross section shown in diagram 1 right hand section curve b where the horizontal lines signify the stressed area Due to the effect of bending loads on the beginning of a crack in the case of the thermally stressed disc the crack comes under tensile stress whilst in the case of the mechanically stressed disc the crack will be under compressive stress load stress curve in each case represented by a load and residual stress resultant curves in each case represented by c yellow stress area That means that in the case of the thermally stressed disc the limiting value Klc for sudden crack formation is exceeded inother words the disc will shatter overcritical In the case of the mechanically stressed disc the crack formation resulting from the localised exceeding
29. have good spring back For our purpose there will be used two C rings back to back where one ring protects the chamber from external pressure and the other one from internal pressure in case of an accident Meaning that for sealing there will be two grooves with one C ring in each groove the outer c ring will have its mouth facing outwards and the inner C ring will have its mouth facing towards the 1 atmospheric chamber hence back to back The material for C ring sealing for external pressure is Alloy 625 with silver plating and the C ring for internal pressure is Alloy 718 with silver plating The C ring will be tested by measuring the leakage rate over the sealing by sucking vacuum between an O ring and a C ring and then blowing Helium from the outside if no Helium passes through the seal is completely tight Figure 19 C rings back to back A IO HOGSKOLEN FMC technologies Page 52 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 44 Strength calculation 4 4 1 Introduction The strength calculations will be executed by first designing the housing in Solid Works and calculate the strength in Solid Works Simulation Solid Works Simulation calculates the strength based on the principle of FEM The main scope is to see if the design is able to withstand the hydrostatic pressure it will be subjected to We will see if the parts individually and as an assembly will be able to meet the F O S given by FMC which is 1 25 In a
30. is not split in two pieces during analyze only for showing the load displacements Both loads are hydrostatic pressure with uniform distribution A A HOGSKOLEN FIMIG technologies Page 55 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure 21 Shows displacements of restraints Red color fiked geometry and green color lt roller hinge geometry Since the metaglass will be welded into the cylinder and the bottom of the flange welded onto the accumulator tank both of these parts need to have fixed geometry Fixed geometry allows no movement of any kind in any direction as if they were the same part which is the same as if they were welded For the interface between the flange and cylinder and the interface between cylinder and top roller hinge geometry were used The roller hinge geometry serves the same purpose as if you placed for an instance the cylinder on the top of the flange You would only be able to move the cylinder to the sides roll it around not be able to move it downwards due to the flange and upwards due to gravity i H GSKOLEN FIMIG technologies Page 56 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure 22 Shows displacement of how the bolts and nuts restraints the top This restraint is used for all holes but only showed for the top lock to give a better view of how the restraint affects the movement This is an advanced fixture where only radial translation is allowed for cyl
31. it can be used to weld different materials to each other and with different thickness The welding seam will be bombard with a concentrated beam of electrons with an effect density of 10 The flange will have eight threaded holes for the fitting of housing We will then use pin bolts and nuts to fasten the cylinder to the flange The flange used to attach cylinder to accumulator is a FMC standard component Figure 3 Flange Bottom EB welded to accumulator and top is fastened to cylinder with pin bolts and nuts FMC technologies Page 17 HOGSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 2 3 2 Communication In our project the goal is to make a distance measuring unit and prove that it works with a simple serial port like RS 232 422 interface FMC uses RS 485 CAN bus interface communication in subsea which uses twisted pair wires Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors the forward and return conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference EMI from external sources This means that the signals can travel further than with serial wires FMC will provide a serial to twisted pair adapter if the plan to use our idea We want to provide a little background on FMC Subsea Communication so that people get a perspective on how our project fits in The SCM is the brain of the Xmas three that sits on the bo
32. mandag 25 01 10 25 01 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0930 1000 Gjennomf rt presentasjon med med ekstern veileder intern veileder og sensor 03 02 10 Anders Eriksen Magnus Bjerkerud Marius sterud og Alexander Sj berg 08 00 1130 Gruppen har funnet en mulig laser flight time som del av l sningsforslag p prosjektet Dette skal diskuteres p neste m te med ekstern veileder 03 02 10 Anders Eriksen Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 08 00 1130 Forbereder oss til m tet i morgen skriver ned sp rsm l AE MB M 04 02 Minutes of meeting Page 3 04 02 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg og Marius sterud 1130 1400 M te med FMC vi diskuterer modifikasjonen p laseren og AE M AS hvilken materiale housingen vil best av Diskuterer ogs hva som skal v re tilgjengelig p hjemmesiden 10 02 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0930 1400 Starter med valg av design og komponenter 11 02 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud 0930 1500 M te med Odd Jan Diskuterer egen str mforsyning og hvor AE AS MB overgangen mellom grensesnittene p RS 232 og RS 485 skal ligge 17 02 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0930 1400 Fortsetter med valg av design og komponenter 18 02 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg og Marius sterud 113
33. possible have also been a primary concern even though we have not received any space or weight limitations from FMC The final measures of the housing went through an experimental phase before they were decided We ended up in a design where we used the outer diameter of the flange as a starting point but due to the space required for fitting the laser inside the cylinder we needed to expand the outer diameter of the cylinder at the interface between the top and the cylinder Model name Final assembly Study name Pressure test assembly Plot type Factor of Safety Factor of Safety Criterion Automatic Factor of safety distribution Min FOS 1 6 100 00 91 80 83 60 75 38 67 19 58 99 50 79 42 59 34 38 2618 17 98 9 78 1 58 Figure 24 5 displacement by color A AS i H GSKOLEN technologies Page 59 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure 25 shows the stress displacement based on the principle of Von Mises Stress The figure is also an animated view of how the housing would deform if the load applied is large enough The highest stress applied is about 323 4MPa at the top which is concurrent with the lowest F O S at the top Model name Final assembly Study Pressure test assembly Plot type Static nodal stress Stress Deformation scale 211 053 von Mises N mm 2 MPa 3234 296 4 269 5 2425 2155 1885 161 7 1348 Max 323 4 1078 80 9 538 270
34. til prototype og dimensjoner boltst rrelser til housing Diskuterer grensesnittet mellom laser og PC RS 232 RS AE M MB 485 RS 422 Minutes of meeting Page 5 17 03 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0900 1500 Alex og Anders forsetter med designet av housingen Magnus og Marius jobber fortsetter med presentasjon 2 Marius finner materialer til prototype 18 03 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0900 1500 Magnus og Marius drar p m tet med Odd Jan for f svar p noen spm og for kikke p laseren som har kommet Marius og Magnus oppdaterer dokumenter og websiden Alex og Anders forsetter med designet av housingen 23 03 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0900 1500 Gruppen forbereder seg til presentasjon 2 24 03 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0900 1600 Gruppen fremf rer presentasjon 2 Olaf poengterer at vi m dokumentere valg av laser og andre valg bedre Mentorene og Olaf virker forn yd med resten 12 04 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0800 1500 Anders og Alexander begynner med trykktesting av housingen og flensen Marius og Magnus starter med koble sammen ledningene som skal koble sammen laseren med programmet Hyperterminal Pc en 13 04 10 Anders Erikse
35. to 1100 C It also resists scaling and oxidation at high temperatures The material can be hard to machine and shape with traditional methods due to rapid work hardening but is outstanding when it comes to weldability and brazeability 17 4 PH The 17 4 PH is a martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel with Cu and Nb Cb additions and has a high strength high hardness and adequate corrosion resistance The corrosion resistance in 17 4 PH is better than any of the standard hardenable stainless steels When the alloy is exposed to stagnant seawater for any length of time it is subjected to crevice or pitting attacks The alloy is hard and is therefore hard to shape and should be limited to mild operation but this depends on the hardness of the material A ASA i HOGSKOLEN technologies 32 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 22Cr Duplex This material consist of 2296 chromium 396 molybdenum 5 696 nickel and is a nitrogen alloyed austenitic ferritic stainless steel and it has a high corrosion resistance as well as high strength and impact toughness The chromium molybdenum and nitrogen create a good resistance to crevice and pitting corrosion even in very oxidizing and acidic solutions The yield strength is about twice as austenitic stainless steel this means that you can save weight and material in design due to the high yield strength making it more cost efficient The mate
36. which sends the signals to the SCM A AS PMG technologies Page 42 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 3 Housing Primary the housing consist of two parts a cylinder and a top lock The top lock is necessary to be able to fit the laser and its components inside the cylinder The housing is intended to be as symmetrical and uniform as possible where there have been taken in consideration ease of manufacturing due to machining The flange is the connection between the housing and accumulator tank This is a standard flange FMC uses subsea as an interface To make the entire assembly uniform with flange parts of the dimensions derives from the flange the others derives from FEM testing and dimension measured according to the laser Figure 13 Assembly of housing HOGSKOLEN FIMIG technologies Page 43 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit The housing is connected to the flange same way the top lock is connected to the cylinder by using 8 pin bolts and nuts to fasten the parts The interface between cylinder and flange and between cylinder and top lock will be sealed with special gaskets which will be described in detail later in this chapter All parts will consist of the same material 22 CR Duplex there is not any need for using different materials which serves different functions when all parts are exposed to the same forces and are under static pressure
37. 0 1300 M te med Odd Jan Vi finner ut en ny ordning p og feste AE AS M housingen til akkumulatoren som er bedre enn butec koblinger Vi diskuterer en annen type laser som kan v re relevant 24 02 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0900 1400 Starter med designet av housingen og flensen i Solidworks Minutes of meeting Page 4 25 02 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0900 1400 Fortsetter med designet av housingen og flensen i Solidworks Diskuterer ulike l sninger 3 03 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0900 1300 Magnus og Marius starter med presentasjon 2 Marius starter designe prototype Anders og Alex fortsetter med designet av housingen og flensen i Solidworks 4 03 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0900 1400 M te med Odd Jan Diskuterer leverand r av koblingspenetrator st rrelsen p prototype og om metaglasset vil holde under trykk 10 03 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0900 1400 Magnus og Marius fortsetter med presentasjon 2 og prototypen Anders og Alex fortsetter med designet av housingen og flensen i Solidworks 11 03 10 Anders Eriksen Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0900 1400 M te med Odd Jan vi diskuterer leverand rer av materiale AE M MB
38. 0 laser came with user s manual and 12 pin connector Binder series 423 that plugs into the laser at one end and needs power and signal cables connected at the other end There were three different ways of connecting the laser for measuring RS 422 RS 232 and analogue output We decided to go with the RS 232 serial connection because it fitted our application best It converts the analogue signal to meters in either decimals or hexadecimals The RS 422 is basically the same but it works better for long distance remote measuring The 12 pin connector uses 6 wires for connection three ground wires one for power 10 30V and the last two as signal cables transmitting and Receiving All other wires are not used for this connection and they will be soldered to a female 9 pin DB 9 connector We got hold of a male to male DB 9 cable that we cut in two and figured out the wire colors for which wire went where We then started soldering the 12 pin connector to the DB 9 cable The green wire Transmit to pin 2 the yellow wire Receive to pin 3 the grey wire GND to pin 5 and the safety chassis ground to the shield wire For power we used a laptop computer 20 volt power supply which we soldered to the Orange Uv and Blue GND wires After connecting all wires properly to the connector the wires where then connected to the laser computer and power supply The Windows program used for communication with the AR1000 is called Microsoft
39. 1000000Qhotmail com 01 vedlegg CI amp CE s JPG 59 0 kB Hi Anders Please find hereby our proposal For the seal which have to seal the outside pressure and sea water we propose a CE seal in Alloy 625 with a silver plating And for the inside pressure seal for Nitrogen we propose a Cl seal in Alloy 718 with a silver plating Please find attached the drawing of the groove dimensions and the seal part numbers When you advise us the quantity we will make a price offer Please advise if you have some questions Best regards Kris A Save a tree please don t print this e mail unless you really need to From Anders Eriksen anders 1000000 hotmail com To lt kris htms pandora be gt Date Wed 14 Apr 2010 18 51 20 0200 Subject RE Cylinder seals Hi according to NACE what does it means There are dry nitrogen inside temp are 4 degree celsius Best regards Anders Eriksen Date Wed 14 Apr 2010 18 01 33 0200 From kris htms pandora be Subject Cylinder seals To anders 1000000Qhotmail com Hi Anders Thank you for the drawings and dimensions Before will make a proposal and give the groove dimensions we would like to ask you the following 15 there a need for material according to NACE Which medium is there inside Temperatures Please advise the quantity needed For the price calculation Than you in advance Best regards Kris P Save a tree please don t print this
40. 1010631 star pdf 70 1 kb Attachments lam Prospekt Marz 2006 Metaglas Englisch2 pdf Adobe Acrobat pdf 1134 3 kb Hello Below 15 the price for metaglas disc you reguested and attached 15 the drawing pressure temp chart and stress calculations Oty Metaglas Disc Size 55mm OD x 26 28mm View x 30mm Thick Material Duplex Stainless Steel 1 4462 Design Pressure 620 bar 200C Price 285 00 Net Each Delivery 6 Weeks If you have any questions or need additional information please feel free to contact me Suzanne Horrigan Administrative Assistant LJ Star Incorporated PO Box 1116 Twinsburg OH 44087 330 405 3040 330 405 3070 shorrigan ljstar com http www ljstar com From Alexander Sj berg mailto alexander_sjoberg epost no Sent Monday May 03 2010 3 47 AM To TechInfo Subject Metaglas Sight Glass Discs Hello We are doing our bachelor thesis withinin engineering in collaboration with FMC Technologies and for our construction we need a Metaglas Sight Glass Disc Viewing diameter is 25 9mm and it has to withstand a pressure of 620 bar Can you please send us a technical drawing of the dimension we need We also need some specifications of the Metaglas if you have that like tensile strength yield strength and so Kind regards Alexander Sj berg From Torill Finnerud lt torill finnerud proffpartner no gt Sent Wed 17 03 10 12 50 To lt alexander_sjoberg epost no gt
41. Accumulator Measuring Unit A command that FMC might find usable is the AS command This command can configure certain commands you want automatically started when the laser is turned on If you type in ASDT the laser will automatically start to track the distance when power is applied This is the complete command list which can be displayed by typing ID AA om wee Sere show this list DT Entor l 42 distance tracking II aa aa uu uu distance tracking 7m AH e e iow distance tracking with cooperetive target 10Hz DxIEnLerlil i1i1 ee ose hee vea s xS distance tracking with cooperetive target 50Hz BFIEnLor1l 2 1 2 2 ke distance measurement with external trigger DMI Enter se 9 manh ee distance measurement TPIEnterl i 2 99 9w eccee internal temperature C SA Enter SAx Enter display set average value 1 20 SD Enter SDd Enter display set display format d h ST Enter STx Enter display set measure time 0 25 SF Enter SFx x Enter display set scale factor SE Enter SEx Enter display set error mode 0 1 2 0 Iout const ALARM const 1 Iout 3mA RE gt RB 21mA RE lt RB ALARM OFFG AH gt O ONGAH O 2 Iout 21mA RE gt RB 3mA RE lt RB ALARM ONGAH 0 OFFQAH O AC Enter ACx x Enter display set ALARM center AH Enter AHx x Enter display set ALARM hysterese AW Enter AWx x Enter d
42. Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit The size of lens had to be added because large lens makes the housing larger in diameter so this was an important aspect because we want to make the housing as small as possible A large lens indicates that the laser needs a large reflecting surface for measuring For further notice it is suggested to try and collimate the size of the lens by making the penetration hole between the housing and the accumulator tank smaller then the size of the lens This is another reason for building a prototype because we will be unable to determine how much we can collimate the lens without testing Environment criteria were also added prior to earlier scoreboard because a laser built for tougher environment is more robust 3 3 3 Final solution of measuring system From the scoreboard matrix the AR1000 laser is the best solution and will therefore be considered as the final solution for the measuring system When a final measuring system have been chosen it is now possible to make the mechanical design of the housing since the housing has to be adapted to the size of the laser A DO FMC technologies Page 29 HOGSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 34 Mechanical design The idea is to make the environments as good as possible for the measuring system by protecting it from all devices which will contribute to shorten its lifetime In other words the housing is the component wh
43. Fa Schott Bericht ber die Untersuchung an einem stahlgefaBten Schauglas in Druckglas technik vom 23 3 1982 3 DIN 7079 1996 02 Runde metallverschmolzene Schauglasplatten fur Druckbelastung 4 Schwellenbach Paul Spannungsberechnungen und Ermittlung der Inversionstemperaturen an metallverschmolzenen Schauglasplatten in Zentrales Ingenieurwesen Techn ber wachung der Bayer AG Jahresbericht 1989 5 Stallmann Klaus Sicherheitsgewinn durch Einsatz metallver schmolzener Schauglasplatten in Chem Ing lech 60 1988 2 5 132 137 www metaglas com 55 Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix G in R 6 FIMIG technologies H GSKOLEN Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix H in R 6 FIMIG technologies H GSKOLEN Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix I in R 6 FIMIG technologies H GSKOLEN Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix J in R 6 FIMIG technologies H GSKOLEN Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix K in R 6 FIMIG technologies H GSKOLEN Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix 1 6 H K N MC technologies apy P MC Technologies MINUTES OF MEETING Project SE10 10 Contract FMC Technologies Report 1 Subject Hovedoppgave Meeting date 20 Oktober 2009 Printed 29 10 09 Location HIBU Kongsberg Written by SE10 10 Sign Date 29 10
44. HyperTerminal which computers with operating systems like Vista and 7 does not have but a demo can be download from the web that works and the computers on the HiBU microcontroller lab still have Windows XP that includes Microsoft HyperTerminal After days of troubleshooting with the user manual and customer support we were still not able to communicate with the laser It would not turn on and HyperTerminal could not turn it on either On the third day we had a meeting with our internal mentor Gunnar Flak and he pointed out that the outgoing signal cable from the computer should have 10 volts We N i HOGSKOLEN technologies 68 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit measured our cable and it turned out that the wiring diagram in the manual did not fit our cable it was the opposite The signal cables were crossed so the green cable transmit should go to pin 3 and the yellow cable receive should go to pin 2 Immediately after we switched the wires and connected the laser the laser turned on and HyperTerminal transmitted the distance measured 4 5 6 Testing When we got the Acuity AR1000 laser from our mentor at FMC we had to test it to make sure it worked properly For this we used our prototype that simulates an accumulator tank in Plexiglas The prototype itself was not completely assembled yet but all that was needed was the accumulator tank We connected the laser to a computer with th
45. Kim Original Message From Anders Eriksen To kim grundstrom cheos fi Sent Wednesday April 14 2010 1 20 PM Subject RE Acuity Contact Inquiry Worldwide Hello We received the laser AR1000 and have tried to test it with basic rs 232 and microsoft hyperterminal We have problems with making it work the laser will not turn on we do not see a red laser emitted The powersupply used is giving 20 volts and we installed it using the diagram in the manual blue to ground and orange to Vdc We even tried it with the basic analog setting power and using the red wire to measure mA We get a constant readout of 4mA not matter where we point the laser We tried different computers with the basic DB 9 connector using connector 2 green 3 and 5 gray and wiring together 7 to 8 and 1 4 and 6 and a usb to db 9 converter but we cannot seem to get a connection with Hyperterminal We tried several commands described in the manual but no response We used the standard settings with 9600 baud ect We really don t know where to go from here Do you have any suggestions Troubleshooting regards Anders Windows 7 Se direkte TV fra den baerbare PCen Finn ut mer FW SV Bestilling Magnus Bjerkerud magnusbjerkerud hotmail com Sendt 14 april 2010 13 21 20 Til anders 1000000 hotmail com Subject SV Bestilling Date Wed 14 Apr 2010 13 04 27 0200 From Kai Remen astrup no To magnusbjerkeru
46. LE Economic In the start of our project we were given economical limit of 15 000 but when we decided to buy a complete laser we were permitted to exceed the budget This budget was to build a prototype and not a full assembly of metal Internal costs Laser 13000 PMMA plast til prototype 2024 80 PMMA maskinering flens 2100 Various parts for prototype assembly 200 Cable 50 Final documentation 2000 Total 19374 80 Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix P 6 FMC technologies H GSKOLE mz gt Apply for projects 30 days Mon 8 24 09 Project idea 12days 10 5 09 Main project 165 days Tue 10 20 09 Milestone 1 Odays Tue 10 20 09 Webpage i prestudy i FP1 1Planandprestudy 94days Tue 10 20 09 1 1 1 Choose concept 14days Tue 10 20 09 P 1 1 2 Selection of Zidays 174 10 components F1 1 3 Construction and 15days Mon 2 8 10 design selection 1 2 Webpage 14days 1 4 10 Milestone 2 Analyze 0925 3 10 of design material selection 82 1 Pressure test of 20days Mon 3 1 10 i housing with FEM F 2 2 Electronic design 129 Wed 3 3 10 P skeferie og 7days Fri3 19 10 eksamensforberedels Bdays 3 29 10 Milestone 3 Odays Thu 4 8 10 Prototype and testing I F3 1 Buil
47. OGSKOLEN technologies 77 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit To select a proper material for our construction we had to consider the environment and for all subsea construction corrosion is a very important factor By choosing a material with high hardness and high yield strength material can be saved by reducing wall thickness and thereby reducing material cost We therefore wanted to use 22Cr Duplex for HAMU The group has worked well together and during discussions we have always come to an agreement and all problems have been solved in plenary We all have different qualities and therefore we have tried to use these on proper areas We have put a lot of us in this project and believe that this is a good and usable solution A AS PMG technologies Page 78 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 6 Sources http www matweb com search datasheet aspx matguid 2ccc37c63ada49878814aa0e121 8c9ee amp ckck 1 2 http www acuitylaser com AR1000 index shtml 3 http www crompton instruments com rs485 pdf 4 http www ljstar com products pdf Metaglas 20Glass 20Lined pdf 5 http zetechtics com torque verification tvs petro pdf 6 http www ppt hose tech com Downloads Bolting 20 amp 20Ring 20Gasket pdf 7 http www nobleengineers com foundry pdf ringgasket pdf 8 http www matweb com search datasheet aspx matguid 2ccc37c63ada49878814aa0e121 8c9ee amp
48. al pressure from the accumulator tank and a second barrier against the external pressure from the water column i H GSKOLEN FIMG Technologies Page 46 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure 15 Cylinder with metaglass 4 3 3 Metaglass Metaglass is a mechanical toughened glass and erceeds the pressure and impact resistance of conventional toughened glass Metaglass can be used in environments with up to 1000 bar depending on material and design The metaglass can be supplied with either a metal ring for welding or just the glass The metal ring can be supplied with variety of materials such as Stainless Steel and Hastelloy and the glass is a Borosilicate or a Soda Lime alternative The method used in sealing the metal ring to the glass is a fusion between melting glass and a metal ring When cooling of glass it solidifies and the metal ring attempts to contract due to the difference in the linear coefficient of expansion between the glass and the metal This results in a uniform compressive stress throughout the glass A i H GSKOLEN FIMIG technologies Page 47 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Steel contracts Steel ring Heat applied Glass melts and on cooling and glass disc steel ring expands fuses with steel compressing glass Figure 16 Metaglass Unlike thermally toughened glass which is only skin toughened the metaglass is mechanical toughened and the entir
49. and the application software A master Node may have several slave Nodes external and internal ones They communicate to each other through a multiplexer Our Acuity AR1000 laser will become one of these external slave nodes and will then communicate with the SCM through the FMC RS 485 CAN bus interface The SCM is part of a Subsea Control System which typically consist of the following components e Subsea Control Module with Subsea Electronic Module e Internal sensors and actuators inside the SCM e External sensors and actuators A DO FMC technologies Page 19 HOGSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Subsea Control Module SCM Subsea Electronic Module SEM SEM Modem Board Communication to Topside SEM Processor Board Application SW Master Node 1 Application Sw Higher Layer Protocol CAN Data Link Layer CAN Physical Layer Umbilical fromito Topside Master Node N Application Sw Higher Layer Protocol CAN Data Link Layer CAN Physical Layer AR1000 Laser External CAN Nodes Sensors and Actuators Figure 5 Subsea Control System A DO HOGSKOLEN PMG technologies Page 20 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 3 Concept generation 3 1 Pre study measuring system During pre study stage there were several different solutions suggested Those that were considered as possible and solvable will be further a
50. ckck 1 9 http www smithmetal com downloads UNS 31803 SMC pdf 10 http www csensors com ic485ip html 11 http www htms be catalogue HTMS9620Metal9620Seal9620Catalogue962020089620 20Metal 20C 20Rings pdf 12 http pwrhydraulik dk Hydraulik1 pdf 13 http en wikipedia org wiki Hydraulic accumulator 14 http en wikipedia org wiki RS 232 15 http www acuitylaser com 16 http www acuitylaser com pdf ar1000 connectivity guide pdf 17 http en wikipedia org wiki Simple Sensor Interface protocol 18 http en wikipedia org wiki D subminiature 19 www w3schools com 20 www htmlgoodies com 21 www htmlcodetutorial com 22 www webmonkey com 23 http www hightempmetals com techdata hitempInconel625data ph A technologies 79 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 24 http www sandmeyersteel com images 17 4PH Spec Sheet pdf http www visilume com index php option com content amp view article amp id 46 amp ltemid 75 26 http www htms be 27 http en wikipedia org wiki Controller area network 28 http en wikipedia org wiki RS 485 A DO 1 HOGSKOLEN technologies Page 80 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 7 Appendizes Name Description Folder Name AinR Solid Works report Solid Works report B Solid Works pictures of parts Solid W
51. d hotmail com CC oddjan kirkaune fks fmcti com Takk for bestillinen Ordrebekreftelse er sendt FMC Kongsberg Subsea ved Odd Jan Kirkaune Mvh Kai Remen Fra Magnus Bjerkerud mailto magnusbjerkerud hotmail com Sendt 14 april 2010 11 40 Til Kai Remen Odd Jan Kirkaune Emne Bestilling Hei Da bestiller vi herved f lgende 1 Plexiglass r r 200mm utvendig diameter im lengde PMMA R R EX 200X190MM kr 1245 pr m 25 kappetillegg kr 1 pr mm dia kr 1245 kr 200 kr 1445 2 Plexiglass r r 120mm utvendig diameter 0 5m lengde PMMA R R 120X110MM 826 pr m 25 kappetillegg kr 1 pr mm dia kr 413 kr 120 kr 533 3 Plate 6mm 1000mm 1220mm PMMA PL ST KLAR 0000 6x1000x1220 mm kr 765 kvm 25 kr 765 1 22kvm kr 934 Denne kapper vi selv 4 Blokk bolt av transparent plast 120mm diameter 200mm lengde Massiv blokk bolt i PMMA st pt koster for 0 120 mm 7745 pr m 200 mm lengde mot kappekostnad kr 150 kr 7745 0 2m kr 150 kr 1699 Total pris kr 4611 Uten prisavtalen med FMC Regningen kan sendes til FMC Kongsberg ved Odd Jan Kirkaune regner med at prisavtalen med FMC da gjelder Mvh Magnus Fa nye Windows Live Messenger Last ned her Windows 7 Du f r hjelp til gj re mer Utforsk Windows 7 Van Thillo Kris kris htms pandora be Sendt 14 april 2010 21 32 06 Til Anders Eriksen anders
52. d og Marius sterud 0900 1200 Usikkerhet p om laseren kan m le igjennom et hull p 25mm Marius og Magnus m teste om det er mulig Fortsetter p prototypen Minutes of meeting Page 7 Anders og Alexander starter innlevering 3 18 05 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg og Marius sterud 0900 1200 Fortsetter p innlevering 3 Anders skriver FEM rapport 5 M 28 05 Marius skriver kommunikasjonsrapport og Alex skriver om nuts and bolts Minutes of meeting Page 8 Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix M in R 6 FIMIG technologies H GSKOLEN Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix N 6 FMC technologies H GSKOLE Acuity Contact Inguiry Worldwide aa Kim Grundstr m kim grundstrom cheos fi Sendt 14 april 2010 13 03 39 Til Anders Eriksen anders 1000000Qhotmail com Hello Anders Are you sure the power connection is correctly wired The red laser beam should turn on when applying the power to the unit Is the power supply still giving 20 V when it is connected to the AR1000 e g is there enough of current available as well Not more than 150 200 mA is needed If there is no red beam output no measurements can be done It seems that there is no power connected to the unit Have you tried a straight RS 232 connection without the USB conversion in between This is odd there is never any problem with this sensor Best regards
53. ddition to calculate the F O S we will also calculate the stress displacement The F O S and stress displacement are two calculations which are both linked to each other meaning if you know the F O S you also know the stress but they give a different point of view An important aspect is that you have to be aware that no calculation are 100 96 reliable this due to many factors such as material defects etc meaning that the application has to be tested physically by FMC test procedures before the design can be validated Although the design cannot be validated by these calculations they will give an insight whether the application will pass the test procedures or not A AS 1 HOGSKOLEN technologies Page 53 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 4 2 Assembly The assembly is considered the flange cylinder and the top together This strength calculation is executed as part combined with the three parts together in an assembly All the parts have been strength calculated individually also for more information se appendixes about FEM report A problem regarding using the Solid Works Simulation is placing restraints and load correctly different restraints and applying the load different may give large differences in the result For an instance it is considered that load which are not perpendicular to each other and works either with and angle or in opposite direction of another applied load will give a higher
54. de reading frequency modulation where a signal is sent into the accumulator tank When the signal hit the surface a small part of the signal will be reflected back to the radar through an antenna A DO i HOGSKOLEN technologies 22 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Magnet sending unit With this solution there will be a pipe parallel to the accumulator tank connected to the bottom and top of the accumulator tank Inside the pipe there will be a magnet floater and the principle is that when the tank has equal amount of hydraulic fluid and gas then the magnet floater will be in the middle of the pipe As the amount of hydraulic fluid decreases the magnet floater will decrease its height in the pipe giving an indication of amount of hydraulic fluid left in the tank 3 2 Selection part one For narrowing down to one solution we will use a scoreboard to determine the best solution Even though the solution will be counted as the best solution in the scoreboard it is not given that this is the final and best solution as a measuring system but it will bring us one step closer to determine a final solution for the problem A AS PMG technologies Page 23 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 3 2 1 Scoreboard criteria We reached these criteria s during a discussion within our group and with our external mentor Cost Always an important factor in any aspect Grade 8
55. ding prototype 22days 48 0 3 2 Testing 7days Wed 5 5 10 1 3 2 1 Analyze and 3days Fri 5 14 10 review of testing Milestone 4 Deliver 0days Mon 5 10 10 final report 84 1 Report draft 4days 5 10 10 4 2 Final report 11 days Fri 5 14 10 4 3 Preparation for 5days 5 31 10 presentation Presentation of 1day 6 7 10 post graduate thesis ET mme ETTER gt Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix Q in R 6 FIMIG technologies H GSKOLEN Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix R 6 FMC technologies H GSKOLE
56. e cross section is under compression This means that if a scratch uneven stresses or erosion occurs this will not affect the strength or integrity of the glass A ASA H GSKOLEN technologies Page 48 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 3 4 Top The top lock has as a main function to seal the housing and is necessary because of the space needed for the electronic components to be put inside the cylinder Its dimensions derive from FEM testing by changing its thickness until a acceptable F O S is reached and the diameter is given for the space needed inside the cylinder The top lock will also be the interface for the glass metal seal penetrator which is necessary to avoid leakage and is the connection between the AR1000 laser and the SCM This is a standard method for FMC and the glass metal seal penetrator has to be EB welded in the top for sealing Figure 17 Top hole for placement of glass metal seal penetrator A HOGSKOLEN PMG technologies Page 49 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 3 5 Glass metal seal penetrator The glass metal seal penetrator is a must for all instruments in a one atmosphere chamber Normally the pins are fed through pins insulated with a glass pipe which in turn are isolated from the penetrator body The pins are made from a metal with thermal expansion compatible to glass In the termination end the pin has a solder cup for electric wire
57. e mail unless you really need to From Anders Eriksen anders 1000000 hotmail com To lt kris htms pandora be gt Date Tue 13 Apr 2010 11 57 14 40200 Subject RE Here are the drawings i hope you are able to understand them 4 drawings two sets of c rings between a first face and the oppositing face Best Regards Anders Eriksen Date Mon 12 Apr 2010 09 57 41 0200 From kris htms pandora be Subject FWD RE To anders_1000000 hotmail com Hi Anders Thank you for the feedback We will wait for the drawings Best regards Kris From Anders Eriksen anders 1000000 hotmail com To lt kris htms pandora be gt Date Mon 12 Apr 2010 09 52 24 0200 Subject RE Hello I doesnt have access to my drawings today so i will mail you another set tomorrow i need two sets of c ring one for the bottom and one for the top of the sylinder there are to be back to back so that they will protect for leakage both ways internal and external The pressure inside the system is 1atm and the external pressure due to the column of the seawater are up to 275 bars The material need to be able to withstand corrosion from seawater for 25 years there will be used 8 bolts with materialgrade L7M quality and the nut is to be A4 80 grade The torque to be used will be determined from the need to press the c ring down until its complety tightened temperatur is constant about 4 degree celsius Best regards Anders Er
58. e program Windows HyperTerminal and the test could begin Figure 32 Accumulator test A AA H GSKOLEN technologies Page 69 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure 34 Laser pointed towards the accumulator piston A ANDA H GSKOLEN technologies Page 70 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit The different distances for accumulator was measured up with folding ruler and noted The laser was then turned on with the command LF and the measuring was started with DT The distances measured and the laser outputs matched perfectly and with even more accurate decimals than necessary The test was performed many times and with different distances As the laser specifications specified the laser will read an accurate distance from 0 1 to 30 meters These specifications works nicely in our applications as the biggest accumulator is approximately 2 meters in length and the laser will be installed at least 10 cm about the accumulator top because of the flange We also tested the SO command which sets the currently distance measured as offset This means that we can mark the distance the laser is installed from the accumulator top as offset Another similar command is OF that manually sets the offset by typing OF and then the distance you want as offset These commands are a nice feature and worked precisely We also tested other unrelated commands such as chan
59. e this quality is no standard from supplier these bolts will have to be machined on request and therefore there is no specified length In other words the length of the bolts can be chosen from the design The L7M grade must meet the requirements of 100 000 psi tensile strength 80 000 psi yield strength and Brinell hardness of 212 237 HB A4 80 is the grade of the nuts A4 stands for the steel grade and 80 stands for property class which means that A4 80 is a high strength steel This is acid proof austenitic steel and to improve the resistance to corrosion it is Mo alloyed A IO FMC technologies Page 51 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 3 7 Sealing By discussing within the group and with our external mentor we came to a conclusion that using C rings from HTMS would be a good option for sealing the 1 atmospheric chamber C rings is a resilient metal seal which is based on sealing by a relative high specific contact load at the sealing line which is generated by compression of the seal to a certain groove depth and a certain resiliency in this case compression generated when tightening the nuts In general metal seals are designed for the purpose of providing the required tightness when subjected to extreme temperatures pressure and media There are two different types of C rings C ring for internal pressure and external pressure C rings are beneficial because they require low bolting load and
60. ece of wood and put it in front of the laser With the laser properly set in front the reflector had no problem receiving the laser signal that was sent back We figured this because the laser A i H GSKOLEN FIMIG technologies Page 75 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit signal was sent directly back and not in an angle This fits our application as the accumulator piston is flat For our final presentation we will add a permanent measuring tape to the accumulator tank for convenient testing We are now familiar with the different commands and know that the laser works flawlessly and can now move on to installing the laser in the prototype The laser meets the requirement specifications A AS 1 HOGSKOLEN technologies 76 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 5 Conclusion This project was given by Odd Jan Kirkaune at FMC Technologies who also has been our external mentor The goal was to find a new solution of measuring the level of hydraulic fluid in piston accumulators at the seabed As earlier solutions were insufficient bladder accumulator were used instead Since piston accumulators are much more reliable than bladder accumulator it was desirable to find a new solution to this problem The first phase was to find several measuring methods that could be adaptable for subsea installations We then used a scoreboard matrix to choose the best solution for our proj
61. echnologies Page 25 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 3 3 Selection part two Our solution builds on the principle of freguency modulation In the process of gathering information on how to build an electronic system that were able to use freguency modulation to measure the distance from the topto piston we also discovered a principle with time of flight Time of flight is a variety of methods of measuring the time it takes for an object particle or acoustic electromagnetic or other waves to travel a distance through a medium enables us to calculate the distance the wave have travelled There are now two different principles that have to be taken in consideration before we determine a final solution frequency modulation and time of flight The biggest concern in relation to this project is trying to maintain a lifetime expectancy of 25 years We searched the web for a variety of different companies that delivers completed measuring lasers with both the principles The main reason for this is because these companies have a MTBF calculated for their products MTBF is the predicted elapsed time between inherent failures of a system during operation A system failure is failures that would put the system out of service and into a state of repair Under these definition failures that can be left or maintained in an unrepaired condition is not considered a system failure In proportion to building our own system from scratch and
62. ect for this we set up a number of requirements in collaboration with FMC Technologies After choosing our concept several sub concepts had to be taken into consideration such as material selection and if we were going to use the principle of flight time or frequency modulation Our design is a cylinder with a top bolted in place with two C rings back to back for secure sealing this means that inside the cylinder there will be a one atmospheric pressure to protect the electronic inside In addition there will be Nz inserted into the cylinder to prevent corrosion and a glass metal seal penetrator on the top for sealing the power supply and electronic outputs such as the output signal from our laser Inside the cylinder the laser and a converter from RS232 to RS485 or Can Bus will be placed For the laser to have a clear path for sending the laser beam into the piston accumulator we needed a material that could withstand high pressure and in the same time be transparent A solution to this problem was to use a glass called Metaglass that are EB welded in the bottom of the cylinder this is a glass that withstands high pressure due to the mechanical tempering of the glass and also gives a free sight We also needed an opening down in the accumulator and the solution we decided to use was a flange that is welded onto the accumulator This flange is then bolted to the cylinder with two C rings back to back for secure sealing AA i H
63. essed sight glasses The appearance of concentric surface cracks in the zone around the glass edge is not due to manufacturing faults but the result of the different relationship of glass and metal to heat The expansion coefficient of steel at temperatures under 400 is greater than that of glass by a factor of 2 to 3 This results in the metal shrinkage being greater than that of glass This shrinkage is not only radial but axial which leads to tensile stresses in the surface of the glass at the transition of glass and metal Since glass can take high compression stresses but only low tensile stresses stress cracks can appear on the glass surface These hairline cracks remain restricted to a narrow zone in the glass metal area and cause only little reduction in the toughness of the sight glass Exchange of the glasses only becomes necessary when the transparency of the glass is affected by splinters flaking away or if V shaped sliver break out of the glass reducing its thickness markedly Since in practice other factors affect the glass such as chemical erosion by hot lyes condensate or acidic solutions it is vital that the glass is checked to determine a suitable down period for each individual vessel so that subject to equal operational sequences and conditions a glass exchange routine can be realised 1 Adam Theoretische Grundlagen der Druckglaseinschmelzung Feinwerktechnik 56 Heft 2 1952 2 Untersuchungsbericht der
64. ging the readout from decimals to hexadecimals and changing the Baud rate Another nice feature command is the ST command which can adjust the time the laser displays the distance measured A DO FMC technologies Page 71 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure 35 Piston is at the top of the accumulator gf HyperTerminal File Edit View Call Transfer Help 53 25 Connected 00 48 31 Auto detect 9600 8 N 1 SCROI CAPS NUM Capture Print echo Table 4 Laser readout The laser readout is virtually zero when the AR1000 is set to its offset by typing SO in HyperTerminal i HOGSKOLEN PMG technologies Page 72 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure 36 The piston is in the middle of the accumulator gf HyperTerminal Fie Edit View Call Transfer Help 96 amp Connected 00 47 18 Auto detect 9600 8 N 1 SCROI CAPS NUM Capture Print echo Table 5 Laser readout The laser readout is 0 5 which is 50 cm HOGSKOLEN FMC technologies Page 73 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit File Edit View Call Transfer Help De 95 Bi Autodetect 9600841 SCROLL CAPS NUM Capture Printecho Table 6 Laser readout The laser readout is approximately 0 97 meters which matches up to the length of the accumulator tank minus the piston thickness rN FMC technologies Page 74 HEGSKOLEN Hydraulic
65. h converts it to an electric signal The signal is amplified and symbolizes a shift in phase This phase is compared to a reference signal to determine the amount of shift and hence a change in distance Figure 8 AR1000 laser A DO FMC technologies Page 36 HOGSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 2 2 Key specifications Key specifications are considered those that are related too FMC reguirements Accuracy Average of 3mm FMC requires 5mm Signal refresh rate FMC wants refresh rate to be once per second the AR1000 laser is programmable so this can be determined by the user Span AR1000 laser is capable of measuring distances up to 150m height of accumulator tanks lies between 1 2m Output The electronic interface has to be CAN bus with CAN open 2 0B orRS485 with modbus protocols AR1000 laser has RS232 full duplex as standard output but RS485 as an optional output A converter from RS232 to RS485 is necessary for communication this converter can be put inside the housing between the laser and the glass to metal seal penetrator MTBF Approximately 100 000 hours for AR1000 laser gives an expected lifetime for over 11 years by making the environments better for the laser due to constant temperature pressure and surrounded with dry nitrogen this will be increased event further since the MTBF is calculated for rougher operating conditions 4 2 3 Laser housing The housing of the laser is not
66. ich will have to withstand corrosion from the seawater pressure from the sea column and separate the system from the accumulator tank 34 1 Criteria for mechanical design List of criteria that are considered as important aspect regarding design of the housing for our measuring system Price Always considered but guality is more important No leakage to the system This is the most important criteria because seawater leaking into the measuring system will destroy it instantaneously Mean time between failure impossible to guarantee a lifetime of 25 year but very important criteria due to high replacement cost Durability High resistance against corrosion and mechanical wear Parts The assembly should consist of as few parts as possible because it increases the durability Physical size The size of the housing should be as small as possible Small parts withstand pressure better Ease of manufacture Making the parts less complex lowers the manufacture costs A AA i HOGSKOLEN technologies Page 30 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 3 5 Material selection 3 5 1 Introduction Choosing proper material for the housing is one of the important challenges for our construction the parts are static therefore we do not need to consider the factor of wear resistance due to motion The most important factor is the surroundings with an external pressure up to 275 bars and some places as a sec
67. iksen Date Tue 23 Mar 2010 20 04 08 0100 From kris htms pandora be Subject re FW To anders 1000000Ghotmail com Hi Anders Thank you for the drawing Could you advise me about the following Pressure inside the system 15 there need for material according to How many bolts do you have and whatis the size guality and torgue used Which medium is there inside the housing and which outside Temperatures Please advise the guantity needed Thank you in advance Best regards Kris P Save a tree please don t print this e mail unless you really need to From Anders Eriksen anders 1000000 hotmail com To lt kris htms pandora be gt Date Fri 19 Mar 2010 00 30 55 0100 Subject FW Hello I put the drawing in a word document I hope this will help you in determining which c ring i need to use due to the dimensions The measurements are all inn mm Best regards Anders Eriksen Nye Windows 7 PCen som passer for deg Finn ut mer Fa nye Windows Live Messenger Last ned her nye Windows Live Messenger Last ned her Fa mer ut av Windows Live med Internet Explorer 8 Oppgrader nettleseren nye Windows Live Messenger Last ned her From Suzanne Horrigan lt shorrigan ljstar com gt Sent Tue 5 alexander_sjoberg epost no To lt alexander_sjoberg epost no gt Priority Normal Subject RE Metaglas Sight Glass Discs Type Attachments h angebot
68. in consideration is that the cylinder would be casted into one uniform cylinder equal largest outer diameter of the cylinder and then machined to desired shape The inner dimensions of the cylinder are all given by the space required to fit the laser inside One of the drawbacks with the AR1000 laser is that the lens of the laser is not in center of one of the sides but a distance of 37mm to one edge and 22mm to the other edge Since the lens is not in center we need to make an offset to the shorter edge for the lens to be centered an offset of 15mm has to be added Not preferably since the inner diameter has to be 15mm larger then if the lens where in center but some of this space will be used for a RS232 RS485 converter which is necessary for the laser to communicate with SCM The laser will be fitted correctly inside the cylinder by using a bracket and screws The bracket is designed to fit the laser and will be welded to the top lock FIMIG technologies Page 45 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure 14 Bracket For the laser beam to propagate freely from the cylinder through the flange and into the accumulator tank a hole all through the flange and into the accumulator tank is necessary and a metaglass for sight which can resist high pressure has to be EB welded in the housing The glass is necessary to maintain a one atmosphere chamber since this is a first barrier against intern
69. indrical faces because all the parts have a cylindrical shape This restraint is a one dimension restraint which does not allow the part to move in any direction in the selected dimension A MIC technologies 57 HOGSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Before calculating the F O S and stress displacement it is necessary to create a mesh Mesh is number of meshes to be used to build up the part hence finer mesh gives more accurate answer and coarser more inaccurate On larger faces a coarse mesh is good enough but on more deferred places such as corners and fillets a finer mesh is necessary for a more accurate result To ensure an accurate result a mesh control where placed on all critical areas Figure 23 The mesh purple boxes indicates mesh control finer mesh ANA i H GSKOLEN FIMIG technologies Page 58 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Result and discussion In figure 24 the final displacement of F O S is given The minimum F O S for the entire housing is estimated to be 1 58 which is above the required F O S from FMC The outer measurements in the HAMU are not specified in any way by FMC but we have tried to keep it as close as possible the outer diameter of the flange which is given by FMC Keeping us close to the outer diameter of the flange ensures that the housing will not create any problem regarding space Having the total height of the housing as low as
70. ing which is attached to the top of the accumulator tank The housing must be able to withstand water pressure down to 2750m 275 Bar The bottom of the housing must be able to withstand internal pressure from the accumulator tank which is 345 Bar The bottom of the housing also is a second barrier against the water pressure A AA i HOGSKOLEN technologies 2 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit The report is a document which follows the process from a problem given by FMC Technologies to a concept idea which is generated step by step through this document A ASA HOGSKOLEN PMG technologies Page 3 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit II Preface In this thesis we will try to find a better solution for FMC Technologies concerning the problem of knowing the remaining hydraulic oil in the accumulator tank than the current method used by FMC Technologies today Besides finding a proper measuring system that will fulfill the requirements given the group will also design a proper housing for the measuring system proper material selection due to strength and corrosion and perform the calculations needed for the design to withstand the pressure it will be exposed to A DO 1 HOGSKOLEN technologies 4 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Acknowledgement There are some people that deserve acknowledgement due to this project Our exte
71. into the accumulator e Fitting the laser to housing A DO 1 HOGSKOLEN technologies 34 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 1 1 Principle On Figure 7 the final assembly of the HAMU is shown The housing will be a one atmospheric chamber to protect the electronic To transmit the laser beam into the accumulator and reflect off the piston for a measuring we need to have a clear view into the accumulator This is one of the problem that needs to be solved and we will describe the solution in following chapters We will also describe the process and solutions to the sub concepts mentioned in chapter 4 1 further on In real process temperature and pressure is also necessary to know at any given time this is already solved by FMC and is therefore no concern regarding our project but should be mentioned 7 p Figure 7 assembly AS HOGSKOLEN FMC technologies Page 35 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 2 Ar1000 laser 4 2 1 General description The AR1000 laser uses time of flight of light to measure distance The laser beam is projected from the lasers aperture and shines on the targets surface where it creates a small spot The laser light will be scattered in all directions A collecting lens is located in the sensor to the side of the laser aperture It collects a small portion of the reflected light which is focused on a photo detector whic
72. isplay set ALARM width RB Enter RBx x Enter display set distance of Iout 4mA RE Enter REx x Enter display set distance of Iout 20mA RM Enter RMx y y z Enter remove measurement TD Enter TDx y Enter display set trigger delay 0 9999ms trigger level 0 1 TM Enter TMx y Enter display set trigger mode 0 1 trigger level 0 1 BR Enter BRx Enter display set baud rate 2400 38400 AS Enter ASd Enter display set autostart command DT DS DW DX DF DM TP LO ID OF Enter OFx x Enter display set distance offset BO EnGbLerl 222 2 99229 mn set current distance to offset offset distance LO Enter 22 2 e RA utu laser on LE Entor 5249 5 222 laser off PA Enter 2 000 ce display settings puiEntari ing 22 222220 reset settings Table 7 Command list One specific problem as mentioned and that was the metaglass and flange diameter This diameter was smaller than the laser and reflector diameter combined This was because the external mentor wanted as small hole as possible For subsea with the high atmospheric pressure the smaller the cavity with 1 atmospheric pressure the better The laser and reflector diameter was measured to 30 millimeters and the flange hole that is between the laser and accumulator tank was 25 9 millimeters We then had to test if the laser could still measure distances through this hole We drilled a 25 mm hole in a pi
73. limitation regarding how much hydraulic fluid that can be extracted from the bladder accumulator during operation Approximately the relationship between PO and P2 Figure 1 a and 1 c cannot exceed 1 4 Figure 1 Bladder accumulator A A MIC technologies Page 14 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit There are no limitations for piston accumulators as it is for bladder accumulators as mentioned above and when there is a need of knowing remaining hydraulic fluid inside the tank there are only piston accumulators that can be used Prior there have been several solutions due to determine remaining hydraulic fluid but they have all been inadequate solutions The piston accumulator tank used subsea consists of a cylinder with two chambers separated by a floating piston One chamber contains the hydraulic fluid and is connected to the hydraulic line and the other chamber is filled with inert gas under pressure typically nitrogen which provides the compressive force on the hydraulic fluid pressure in both chambers are always equal Inert gas is used because oxygen and oil can form an explosive mixture under high pressure There are many types of accumulator tanks but they all have in common that they act as device for storing energy Piston Hydraulic fluid Figure 2 Piston accumulator A DO FMC technologies Page 15 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit
74. ll the requirements from FMC Technologies 1 1 1 Secondary goals We will consider these secondary goals to achieve our main goal e Dimension of housing e Proper material selection e Provide that every part withstand the pressure Try to maintain the 25 years lifetime expectancy e Finda solution to attach the laser inside the housing e Find solution to attach the housing to the accumulator tank A AS 1 HOGSKOLEN technologies 12 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 1 2 Critical factors e Try to maintain the 25 years lifetime expectancy e Material High corrosion resistance Endure high pressure e Design Adapted so it can be mounted on the top of the accumulator Allow the laser to propagate freely between housing and piston e Communication Must be able to communicate with SCM Limited power accessibility A AS 1 HOGSKOLEN technologies 13 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 2 Background 2 1 Accumulators There are two types of accumulator tanks used on Xmas trees bladder and piston accumulators Bladder accumulators are much cheaper and therefore more preferably used when there is no issue regarding remaining hydraulic fluid left in the tank short distance to topside But there are some disadvantages regarding the use of bladder accumulators It is not possible to measure the remaining hydraulic fluid left and there are also a
75. lt sikker pa da Er det noen av de L7 L7S L7M som blir brukt mest offshore Hvis ikke gar vi ut ifra at det er L7M Wed 17 03 10 12 09 Torill Finnerud torill finnerud proffpartner no sent M15 er igrunn aldri brukt eller ytterst skjeldent Det er mulig a lage skruer med M15 men dette vil bli ekstremt dyrt da de fleste ikke har verkt y til M15 Litt lettere er det med M12 M14 eller M16 M12 og M16 er de letteste hvis du kan vippe opp til M16 er det en stor kostnadsmessig besparelse Materialgraden L7E har jeg aldri h rt om Kanskje du mener L7 eller L7S eller L7M Og n r du sier 80 kvalitet mener du da grade 8 8 eller A4 80 syrefast du er ute etter heter 1504762 eller din 912 denne er med innv 6kt spor sylindrisk hode Hvis du har litt mer presis materialgraden kan jeg gi deg lengder som er standard Med vennlig hilsen Regards ProffPartner AS Torill Finnerud TIf 47 982 97964 http www proffpartner no Fra Alexander Sj berg mailto alexander_sjoberg epost no Sendt 17 mars 2010 11 53 Til Torill Finnerud Emne M15 bolter Hei Torill Na har vi kommet en god vei og kommet frem til at vi skal bruke M15 bolter med L7E eller 80 kvalitet Bolten skal vere innvendig sekskant Har du noe spesifikasjoner pa dette med tanke pa lengder Med vennlig hilsen Alexander Sj berg Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix O 6 FMC technologies H GSKO
76. lue to see the original value as well as raw conversions to equivalent units We advise that you only use the original value or one of its raw conversions in your calculations to minimize rounding error We also ask that you refer to MatWeb s disclaimer and terms of use regarding this information Click here to view all the property values for this datasheet as they were originally entered into MatWeb MatWeb Your Source for Materials Information WWW MATWEB COM Page 1 1 Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix 6 FMC technologies H GSKOLE LO VIN I METAGLAS SIGHT GLASS DISC RING MATERIAL GLASS TEMPERATURE CC CF 22 4 14 32 50 68 86 MAX WORKING PRESSURE bar 1455 1425 1395 1365 1334 1303 1272 1240 1208 1176 1144 1111 1078 1044 1011 977 942 908 873 838 802 767 731 695 658 621 585 547 510 472 434 psi 21096 20665 20229 19788 19344 18894 18440 17982 17519 17052 16581 16105 15625 15141 14653 14160 13663 13163 12658 12149 11636 11119 10598 10073 9544 9012 8475 7935 7392 6844 6293 Duplex Stainless Steel 1 4462 OD ID Thickness Borosilicate Glass DIN 7080 50 25 30 mm S a 2 0 c 9 2 a DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE DATE NAME DIMENSIONS 1 97 0 98 1 18 inch
77. n Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0800 1500 Anders og Alexander fortsetter med trykktesting av housingen og flensen Minutes of meeting Page 6 Marius og Magnus fortsetter med koble sammen ledningene som skal koble sammen laseren med programmet Hyperterminal p Pc en De velger ogs ut hva som skal bestilles av plastikk til prototypen Marius utfyller rapporten som viser til valg av laser 14 04 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0800 1600 Anders og Alexander fullf rer trykktestingen Magnus og Marius fullf rer sammenkoblingen av ledningene som gir str m og signaler til laseren laseren fungerer Marius og Magnus bestiller pleksiglass delene som skal brukes til prototypen av Astrup A S 19 04 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0800 1600 Anders og Alexander lager maskineringstegning til c ring Marius og Magnus setter seg inn i kommandoene i programmet til laseren Testing av laser 22 04 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0800 1400 M te p FMC med Odd Jan 26 04 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0800 1200 Maskineringstegning til flens for prototype sendes Odd Jan for bestilling Tilpasse vrig deler til prototype gj res ferdig 11 05 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkeru
78. nalyzed with a scoreboard matrix The solution will be a device that is able to measure the distance between a point and a surface where the point is the top of an accumulator tank and the surface the piston If the distance from top to piston is known the remaining hydraulic fluid is easy to calculate Piston h hl h2 h3 Figure 6 Piston accumulator tank A ASA i H GSKOLEN FIMIG technologies Page 21 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit From Figure 5 the remaining hydraulic fluid is approximately given by 2 2 Where h2 is given by h2 h hi1 h3 Diode reading The main principle for diode reading is to measure the change in the frequency frequency modulation The system will be placed at the top of the accumulator tank and a sending diode will send a laser beam through a prism which will scatter the beam into two beams The prism will be placed in a position so that one of the beams will be sent to a receiver diode and the other beam will penetrate into the tank through a hole and hit the surface of the piston This will then be scattered into many beams and some of these will be reflected back almost in the same direction as they were sent from These beams will strike a mirror which will reflect it to the receiver diode By frequency modulation between the frequencies from these two beams we can calculate the distance down to the piston Radar The radar uses the same principle as dio
79. nection iuis ee roe cabe as CUR but is dde 41 Figure 13 Assembly 43 Figure 14 BC 46 Figure 15 Cylinder with metaglass 47 PIQUE 16 5 5 save 48 Figure 17 Top hole for placement of glass metal seal 49 Figure 18 Glass Ietal seal peretFatot sies pei uM Dit Ug QR aA DIN VE t DR 50 Figure 19 rings back to Da Esau tete aa 52 Figure 20 Shows displacement of pressure on the assembly 55 Figure 21 Shows displacements of restraints 56 Figure 22 Shows displacement of how the bolts and nuts restraints the top 57 Figure 23 The mesh purple boxes indicates mesh control finer 58 Figure 24 F O S displacement Dy COON iu erred Paca pra ege Fas da nsa 59 Figure 25 Stress displacement by color certe teret ee esee to rcu e nn rea dnas 60 Figure 26 Displacement plot
80. of the breaking strength factor Klc will enter an area limited by the compression stress with the result that the breaking mechanics load factor Kj becomes smaller again than the breaking strength factor and the crack development is halted Every effort to extend the crack requires renewed energy supply in form of pressure increase A sudden bursting of the disc is thus unlikely so long as the compression stress condition is maintained In the production of fused metal sight glasses steel ring and glass are heated together to the temperature where the glass liquefies and begins to flow onto the steel ring This is followed by a relatively quick cooling of the parts which ensures the retention by the ring material of its mechanical strength The glass is compressed as it solidifies by the steel ring The cooled sight glass discs are then ground and polished on both faces to produce a clean glass After the cooling process the geometry of the structural parts is demonstrated in figure 2 The metal surround because of its greater thermal expansion coefficient compresses the glass disc not just radially it is responsible for setting up forces at right angles to the glass surface around the joint area The result is that around this border area the glass is subjected to compression stress and the metal to tensile stress The stress condition can be recognised in shape distortion of the visible surface The change in thickness around the joint
81. ond barrier an internal pressure of 345 bar As we know FMC Technologies has a wide experience from subsea installations and has a great knowledge of which materials that can be used in these environments We will in chapter 3 5 3 comment different materials that can be used for our assembly 3 5 2 Challenges The main concern is the seawater surrounding the housing the seawater is highly corrosive due to dissolved salts ions Therefore the material of the housing needs to have a high corrosion resistance To protect the subsea installations from corrosion it is common to use a sacrificial anode on the installation the anodes are generally cast aluminum alloys or in some cases zinc and magnesium alloys Another challenge is the hydrostatic pressure the housing has to withstand this comes from the weight of the seawater in other words the sea column As mentioned earlier the external pressure will be 275 bar We also have to consider the viewing we need to have into the accumulator this material needs to withstand an internal pressure of 345 bar and be transparent A AA FIMIG technologies Page 31 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 3 5 3 Assortments of materials Inconel 625 Inconel 625 is a nickel chromium molybdenum alloy that is non magnetic corrosion and oxidation resistant under a wide range of temperature and pressures this metal has good strength and toughness from cryogenic
82. orks pictures C 2D drawings and part specification 2D drawings DinR FEM report FEM report E 22Cr duplex steel 22Cr Duplex steel F Metaglass Metaglass GinR C ring C rings HinR Bolts and nuts Bolts and nuts linR AR1000 laser AR1000 JinR RS 485 RS485 KinR CAN Bus Protocol for FMC CAN Bus systems Spec CAN Bus protocol L Minutes of meeting Minutes of meeting MinR Review of meetings Review of meetings N E mail Mail Economic Economic Gantt chart Gantt Chart Qin R Hour list Hour list R CD A ANA technologies Page 81 H GSKOLEN Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix A in R 6 FIMIG technologies H GSKOLEN Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Appendix 6 FMC technologies H GSKOLE Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 6 FMC technologies H GSKOLE ENGINEERING STANDARDS 1028 Boum D _ PM KS FMC CORPORATION PETROLEUM E P P NAA DRAWN BY STRICKLER EQUIPMENT TE EN AL CHECKED BY MASON GROUP BUCHTA WILLIAMS Se CES OPTIONAL FOR IOK AND BELOW USE 1 2 LP SEE STD 0520 ABOVE 10K USE 11 8 AUTOCLAVE CONNECTION 2 DATUM AT THRU BORE TO BE CONFIRMED BY ENGINEER 3 FOR BOLT HOLE DIMENSIONS REFER TO STD 0406 REVIEWED BY 65 APPROVED BY 250 6 40 50 X MAX 2 PLAGES
83. otocol used FMC Technologies used various protocols for the RS 485 CAN bus standards but the most used are CiA for CAN bus and Modbus for RS 485 Figure 11 AR1000 laser interface cable that supports different output standards P HOGSKOLEN PMG technologies Page 40 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Wire m Function in All Modes Brown External Trigger Input 3V to 24 V 0 Analog output 4 20 mA current loop Supply Voltage 15V 10 30 VDC Ground serial Ground Power supply common return Clar Shield The serial communications wires can be used for RS232 or RS422 Function in Selected Serial Mode Wire Pin RS232 models RS422 models RxD Receive Data RX Receive Data Green TxD Transmit Data RX Receive Data Black TX Transmit Data Violet TX TransmitData Grey Ground serial Table 3 Describes interface cables for AR1000 laser Figure 12 RS 232 Serial Connection i H GSKOLEN FIMIG technologies Page 41 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit The RS 232 connection uses a D subminiature connector with 9 pins as shown in the picture above often called DE 9 or DB 9 This is an electrical connector that used to be widely used in computers but is now being replaced by USB connectors in most computers This connector will then be connected to the RS 485 CAN bus serial converter
84. ranslucent portions of the design carry the applied load less efficiently than the solid portions These translucent areas may be removed with more confident pursuit of a reduced weight design Model name Final assembly Study name Pressure test assembly Plot type Design nsight Design Insight Bement 17 16 96 Figure 27 Design insight plot FMC technologies Page 62 H Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 5 Prototype 4 5 1 Introduction Our external mentor at FMC suggested that it would be beneficial to build a prototype of the measuring system to use at the final presentation The prototype would be able to show that the measuring system would work in real life as well as in theory Another important aspect due to building a prototype is that we could test and analyze that the laser would be able to measure when the lens were collimated Since the hole through the flange where the laser transmits the beam and receives the reflected beams is smaller than the size of the aperture and the collecting lens this could be a problem The hole diameter through the flange is 25 9mm while the aperture and the collector lens is about 30mm This chapter will describe how the prototype is built which materials are used and how we communicate with laser This prototype is the kind which is only made with the intention of showing how we are able to measure the height from the top of the accumulator and down
85. rial is suitable for the temperature range of 45 to 315 it may be considered outside this range with precaution The material is easy to machine and possesses a good weldability 3 5 4 Selection of material To choose a proper material for the housing we have to consider the corrosion resistance of the material this is very important since the housing will have no maintenance during preferably 25 years The other factor is the pressure this means that the hardness strength and toughness all affects our choice With the help and experience from FMC Technologies we have chosen 22Cr duplex this material has a high strength and impact toughness and it has a high corrosion resistance In addition the 22Cr duplex has high yield strength and therefore more cost efficient due to saving weight and material in the design A DO i HOGSKOLEN technologies 33 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 The HAMU 4 1 Introduction We have now decided which concept we will use and by selecting this solution we can separate it down to sub concepts The whole assembly consists of both mechanical and electronic problem that needs to be solved and by breaking it down to sub concepts it is easier to detect the problems that might occur We will now list the sub concepts and complement them further on in this chapter e Material selection e Attachment of housing to accumulator e Transmit laser beam
86. riksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0815 1200 Gjort oss ferdige med forstudie 05 11 09 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud Marius sterud 1130 1300 M te med FMC 16 12 09 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0815 1300 Hatt f rste m te med intern veileder F tt tilbakemelding p forstudie F tt informasjon p diverse ting Funnet internettside Kravspek er nesten ferdig mangler kun vedlegg 17 12 09 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 1130 1300 M te med FMC 28 12 09 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0815 1500 Alle vedlegg til kravspek er ferdig Jobber med prosjektplan AE MB M 11 1 Minutes of meeting Page 2 07 01 10 Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0815 1300 Begynner arbeid med presentasjon 1 08 01 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg og Magnus Bjerkerud 0815 1400 Prosjektplan er ferdig AE AS MB Sender forespr sel vedr rende n r presentasjon 1 skal AE AS MB framf res Sender mail til ekstern veileder og foresl r 14 1 10 20 01 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0815 1200 Ferdig med egen webside som skal benyttes som informasjonskanal 20 01 10 Anders Eriksen Alexander Sj berg Magnus Bjerkerud og Marius sterud 0815 1200 Presentasjon 1 har blitt satt til
87. rnal mentor at FMC Technologies Odd Jan Kirkaune has been our biggest support by guiding us through the project from the beginning to the end He has also been a big contribution for technical support ideas and suggestions regarding the problem along with our internal mentor Gunnar Flak at HIBU Kongsberg which has also contributed with ideas and guidance The group would also like to express our thankfulness to certain suppliers for giving valuable information and technical support about their products Kim Grundstr m Acuity Laser Measurements Kris Van Thillo High Tech Metal Seals Torill Finnerud Proffpartner and Suzanne Horrigan L J Star A DO 1 HOGSKOLEN technologies Page 5 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit IV Abbreviations FMC Food Machine Corporation SCM Subsea Control Module EMI Electromagnetic Interference SEM Subsea Electronic Module CPU Central Processing Unit Input output CAN Controlled Area Network HLP Higher Layer Protocol MTBF Mean Time Between Failure HAMU Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 551 Simple Sensor Interface RS Recommended Standard in Automation FEM Finite Element Method F O S Factor of Safety technologies H GSKOLEN Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Table of Contents SUMMA RY os ERU EE KAB MAANA AEAN ANI Ed 2 LA SA AA
88. to Koberg A S for machining In the prototype we fastened the laser to the flange instead of the bottom of the housing because there is no interface between the flange and the housing This is not needed since this is a simplified version of the housing and therefore we will glue the parts together rather than screw them except from the laser which we fasten by four screws on the top of the flange and place the housing over The piston where made by cutting a piece of wood into a circle of 185mm in diameter A rod where then attached to it enables us to move the piston up and down inside the tank for different measurements The piece of wood was painted black this due to testing the piston for worst case scenario of reflection since a darker surface absorbs more of the beam which enables less reflection Completely dark would result in no reflection at all A bicycle tube where used to staple around the piston allowing moving smoothly acting as a seal between the two rooms inside the accumulator tank A AA i HOGSKOLEN technologies Page 65 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Figure 29 Laser beam through flange and on to the piston Figure 30 Fully assembled prototype N Page 66 HE Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit WA gt Figure 31 Laser beam HOGSKOLEN Page 67 i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 54 Communication The Acuity AR100
89. to the piston The material used is intended to give the audience a better insight of how the system works and are not made for withstanding the environmental issues regarding the seabed M WD RS232 RS485 ca 22 cm calm Figure 28 Principle sketch of prototype A AA FIMIG technologies Page 63 H GSKOLEN i Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 5 2 Material selection Since the scope for this prototype is to make something that shows the audience how the measuring system works we wanted to create the housing and the accumulator tank in a way which enables the viewers to see what is happening inside the system Best way in resolving this matter is to make the entire prototype in a transparent material By using a transparent material the audience will see how the laser beam propagates from the housing into the accumulator tank By discussing within the group and with our external mentor acrylic plastic where considered a good option Even though acrylic plastic is considered an expensive material it serves other functions which are very important It is completely transparent and is very easy to machine which will be a cost reduction In collaboration with FMC we found a supplier for the acrylic plastic which FMC already uses enables us to receive discount on our products Astrup A S which is located in Oslo were also very quick to response our inq
90. tted and provided glass dimensions and stressing are the same then if the assumption in the previous paragraph is fully valid the load on the pressure glass system can be increased by a factor 0 303 0 188 1 6 The constants 0 303 and 0 188 originate in the calculation fundamentals for disc bending under even loading of free lying and tightly clamped discs Under the above assumptions fused metal sight glass discs can be loaded up to the point of decline of their calculated compression stress values that means near to their bursting pressure with the following pressure above atmospheric from one side 2 To s 0188 47 When calculating the maximum permissible operating pressure a safety factor of 8 is used For the calculation of tangential and radial stresses in glass tg and well as critical tangential stresses in steel ts at r1 the Adam s calculation fundamentals 1 2 must be used acres T 7 Tc 2 2 n n L Us 14 R Hot 1 2 h E E und 2 n 14 Ty 2 N mm2 modulus of elasticity Poisson ratio 0 20 300 K 1 coefficient of thermal linear expansion Ti inversion temperature r1 inner radius of metal ring r2 outer radius of metal ring T operating temperature Stress calculations METAGLAS The Only Safe View Summary References Mechanically stressed sight glasses provide an increase in safety when compared with thermally str
91. ttom of the sea It consists of a SEM which includes CPU I O and Communication electronics in addition to sensors and actuators that provides the SEM information and gives it the ability to perform different tasks CAN bus interfaces are one of the 1 functions implemented in the SEM CAN bus is a message based protocol designed specifically for automotive applications but is now also used in other areas such as industrial automation and medical equipment SEM has many Nodes and each one has an assigned ID related to its function and physical location in the system Each Master Slave Node in the Subsea Control Module is typically an Board with CAN Controllers inside the SEM More than one Master Slave Nodes may exist at one CAN bus but only one Master Slave Node shall have Master functions activated at the time Other Master Slave Nodes shall be Passive or shall operate like Slave Nodes Slave Nodes will typically be except for Master Slave Nodes Internal and External Sensors and Actuators The Master Slave and Slave Nodes must include four implementation layers described in the following chapters A AA i HOGSKOLEN technologies 18 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit Application SW Higher Layer Protocol CAN Data Link Layer CAN Physical Layer Figure 4 Master node The HLP is a library of functions used for controlling the CAN bus nodes HLP is used between the CAN data link layer
92. uiry Since they already had a price agreement with FMC we considered them as the best supplier Following product were considered necessary to build the prototype Tube made of acrylic plastic 1m x 200mm diameter Tube made of acrylic plastic 0 5 x 120mm diameter Plate made of acrylic plastic 1m x 1m Cylindrical block made of acrylic plastic 200mm x 120mm diameter A ASA i HOGSKOLEN technologies 64 1 Buskerud Hydraulic Accumulator Measuring Unit 4 5 3 Construction The longest tube is intended to be used as the accumulator tank originally they have heights of 1 2 m and this tube has a height 1m so it will be in real dimension and not scaled down even though it will be the smallest possible accumulator tank For the cylinder we used the shorter tube but cut it down to 200mm in height to make the relation due to the originally parts more precise The plate where used to make a bottom and top for the accumulator tank and a top lock for the housing by cutting them into specified dimensions The remains of the plate where used as a rack for the accumulator tank The plastic to be used as the flange needed some additional machining other than cutting The flange which were delivered from Astrup A S as a uniform cylinder needed to be machined so it would look more like the originally flange but in a less complex version We made a simplified version of the flange and a 2D drawing and sent it
93. yield strength is about twice that of austenitic stainless steels This allows the designer to save weight and makes the alloy more cost competitive when compared to 316 L grade Typical operation temperatures are 50 C 280 C 58 F 536 F Lower temperatures uses could to be considered require additional precautions in particular for welded structures UR 45N is a multi purposes material which can be used in various corrosive media Typical applications are Pulp and Paper industry Oil and Gas industry Pollution control equipments Chemical industry and Chemical tankers Iron content calculated as remainder Information provided by manufacturer Key Words EURONORM 1 4462 X2 Cr Ni Mo 22 5 3 AFNOR Z3 CND 22 05 AZ DIN X2 Cr Ni Mo 22 05 W Nr 1 4462 VdTUV Blatt 418 ASTM A240 UNS 531803 Vendors No vendors are listed for this material Please click here if you are a supplier and would like information on how to add your listing to this material Physical Properties Metric English Comments Density 7 80 g cc 0 282 Ib in Mechanical Properties Metric English Comments Hardness Brinell 210 240 210 240 Typical Hardness Rockwell C 15 0 20 0 15 0 20 0 Typical Tensile Strength Ultimate gt 680 MPa gt 98600 psi Tensile Strength Yield gt 460 MPa gt 66700 psi Y S 0 296 gt 490 MPa gt 71100 psi Y S 196 Elongation at Break gt 25 0 Yo gt 25 0 Yo Modulus of Elasticity 200 GPa 29000 ksi Poissons Ratio 0 333 0 333

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