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user`s manual - Transportation Research Board

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1. REPORTS Select reports to be displayed INPUT DATA BENEFIT COST RATIO ALTERNATIVE COST and FEATURE COST CRASH COST Allow selection of default crash cost figures and revisions to the default values VEHICLE MIX Allow selection of default vehicle mix data and revisions to the default values EDIT FEATURE Allow user to add delete or edit user defined features To access a specific screen click on the title of that folder After completing all the changes to the various default data screen click OK to exit the OPTIONS screen You can also exit the OPTIONS screen anytime without making any changes by clicking on the CANCEL button 4 2 1 UNITS Screen The UNITS screen is also shown in Figure 20 with the OPTIONS screen and allows the user to select the unit of measurement to be used with the program English or SI To select the unit of measurement click in the circle next to the desired unit of measurement The default is SI units Once the unit of measurement is selected all data input and report screens for the current and future projects will be displayed in that unit until changed by the user 4 20 3 REPORTS Screen The REPORTS screen as shown in Figure 21 allows the user to select the reports to be displayed and printed There are four available reports BENEFIT COST RATIO REPORT ALTERNATIVE COST REPORT FEATURE COST REPORT and INPUT DATA REPORT To select a specific report check the box next to the desired report The
2. Grade 3 Direction of Curve Right D Radius of Curve m 304 8 Add Segment Insert Segment Remove Segment Figure 17 SEGMENTS Screen 25 A listing of the data entries under the SEGMENTS screen is shown as follows Data Entry Type Description LENGTH Numeric Enter length of segment MEDIAN TYPE Multiple Choice MEDIAN OF DIVIDED HIGHWAY Default is MEDIAN OF NO MEDIAN UNDIVIDED HIGHWAY DIVIDED HIGHWAY PAINTED MEDIAN UNDIVIDED HIGHWAY TWO WAY LEFT TURN LANE UNDIVIDED HIGHWAY NOT APPLICABLE MEDIAN WIDTH Numeric Enter width of median Enter 0 0 for no median GRADE 96 Numeric Enter vertical grade in percent 0 0 for no grade Default is 0 0 or blank for upgrade and for downgrade in the direction of vehicle travel HORIZONTAL CURVE Two associated data entries DIRECTION Multiple Choice NONE OF CURVE LEFT Default is NONE RIGHT RADIUS OF Numeric Enter radius of curve This entry will appear only if CURVE the entry for DIRECTION OF CURVE is LEFT or RIGHT The entire section of highway covered in the project is broken down into a number of homogeneous segments as defined by the following geometric characteristics median type and width vertical grade and horizontal curvature In other words within each segment the median type and width vertical grade and horizontal curvature should be the same For a divided highway there should always be a median The median width is def
3. e What should I do when Alternative 1 the baseline conditions does not have the lowest Total Installation Cost I received an error message and I could not proceed with the analysis Response For a typical project the Total Installation Cost for Alternative 1 is zero since it represents the do nothing option However if for whatever reason the Total Installation Cost for Alternative 1 is not the lowest among the alternatives take the lowest cost alternative and make it Alternative 1 regardless whether it represents the baseline conditions e Do I have to arrange all the alternatives in ascending order of Total Installation Cost Response No as long as Alternative 1 has the lowest Total Installation Cost The program will automatically reorder the remaining alternatives in ascending order of the Total Installation Cost e What about salvage values Response For a typical project the salvage value is usually insignificant when compared to the other cost items Thus it was decided to assume a zero 0 salvage value for all projects HIGHWAY SCREEN e Can I use the design speed in place of speed limit Response Yes you may use design speed in place of speed limit The rationale for using speed limit is that it is more closely related to the operating speed However if you 98 prefer to use design speed keep in mind that this change could affect the impact speed distribution and the subsequent severity estimates SEGM
4. 1 ft 0 0 0 0154 0 92 9 Type B H 0 5 m 1 5 ft 0 0 0 0232 1 39 10 Type B H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0296 1 78 11 Type B H 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0436 2 62 12 Type B H 1 2 m 4 ft 0 0 0 0532 3 19 13 Type B H 1 8 m 6 ft 0 0 0 0683 4 10 14 Type B H 2 4 m 8 ft 0 0 0 0817 4 90 18 Type C H 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0917 5 50 19 Type C H 1 2 m 4 ft 0 0 0 0963 5 78 20 Type C H 1 8 m 6 ft 0 0 0 1052 6 31 21 Type C H 2 4 m 8 ft 0 0 0 1141 6 85 22 Type D H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0394 2 36 23 Type D H 0 5 m 1 5 ft 0 0 0 0494 2 96 24 Type D H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0518 3 11 25 Type D H 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0633 3 80 26 Type D H 1 2 m 4 ft 0 0 0 0689 4 13 27 Type D H 1 8 m 6 ft 0 0 0 0817 4 90 28 Type D H 2 4 m 8 ft 0 0 0 0915 5 49 29 Type E H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0566 3 40 30 Type E H 0 5 m 1 5 ft 0 0 0 0663 3 98 31 Type E H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0699 4 19 32 Type E H 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0788 4 73 33 Type E H 1 2 m 4 ft 0 0 0 0834 5 00 34 Type E H 1 8 m 6 ft 0 0 0 0932 5 59 35 Type E H 2 4 m 8 ft 0 0 0 0995 5 97 H Height Category 7 Traffic Barriers 1 TL 1 Guardrail 0 0 0 1944 4 93 2 TL 2 Guardrail 0 0 0 1944 4 93 3 TL 3 Guardrail 0 0 0 1944 4 93 4 TL 4 Guardrail 0 0 0 1944 4 93 67 SI at Rate of SI at Type No Description 0 mph Slope 60 mph Category 7 Traffic Barriers Cont d 5 TL 3 Median Barrier 0 0 0 1944 4 93 6 TL 4 Median Barrier 0 0 0 1944 4 93 7 TL 5 Median Barrier 0 0 0 1944 4 93 8 TL 2 Portable Ba
5. Install Guardrail Install Crash Cushions and Fill in Concrete between Piers Aliernative 1 2 0 00 0 00 0 00 Figure C 7 Benefit Cost Ratio Report Sample Project 2 RSAP Sample Project 2 rpd inl xi Print Next F E Prev Page Two Pane Zoom In Zoom Dut Close Roacbide Safety Analysis Program Version 2 0 3 Date April 28 2003 Time 15 25 04PM Alternative Cost Report Page 2 File Name Sample Project 2 rpd Project Description Sample Project 2 Alternative Description Baseline Conditions Bridge Piers in Median Install Guardrail Install Crash Cushions and Fill in Concrete between Piers Annual Annual Expected Crash Crash Installation Alternative Frequency Acc Yr Cost Cost 0 033189 2647 83 0 00 0 530356 8270 95 384 07 0 130609 2460 97 76814 Figure C 8 Alternative Cost Report Sample Project 2 94 M RSAP Sample Project 2 rpd 5 x ej Prev Page Two Page zoom In Zoom Out Gees Roackide Safety Analysis Program Version 2 0 3 Date April 28 2003 Feature Cost Report File Name Sample Project 2 pd Project Description Sample Project 2 Alternative 1 Description Baseline Conditions Bridge Piers in Median Distance From Expecied Beginning Of Crash Average Annual Crash Feature First Segment Freg Acc Year Severity Cost Category Type 1 1 500 0 0 012508 6 12 1464 79 User Defined Feature Bridge Pier 12 5120 0 003007 6 08 322 67 User D
6. LOCAL HIGHWAY TYPE Multiple Choice TWO WAY DIVIDED Default is TWO WAY TWO WAY UNDIVIDED DIVIDED ONE WAY NUMBER OF LANES Numeric Enter total number of lanes LANE WIDTH Numeric Enter lane width SHOULDER WIDTH Numeric Enter shoulder width SPEED LIMIT Numeric Enter speed limit ADT Numeric Enter current average daily traffic ADT PERCENT TRUCK Numeric Enter nominal percentage of trucks Default is 10 0 percent TRAFFIC GROWTH Numeric Enter annual traffic growth rate in FACTOR percent ENCROACHMENT RATE Numeric Enter user defined adjustment factor for ADJUSTMENT FACTOR encroachment rate Default is 1 0 The area type and functional class are in accordance with AASHTO designations The number of lanes refers to the total number of lanes For example for a two lane or four lane undivided highway the number of lanes entered is 2 or 4 respectively For a six lane divided highway with three lanes in each direction the number of lanes entered should be 6 and not 3 The shoulder width is assumed to be the same for both directions of travel For undivided highways only a single entry is provided for shoulder width For divided highways two separate entries are provided for left and right shoulders The speed limit is the posted speed limit During beta testing some agencies have expressed the preference of using the design speed instead of the speed limit which is acceptable from a computational standpoint However since the design
7. and the annualized crash costs associated with individual features of each alternative Present the input data for each alternative of the project More detailed descriptions of these screens are presented in the following chapters 3 1 4 Parts of a Screen Figure 1 shows the key elements of a typical screen Note that a particular screen may have some or all of these elements S RSAP Beta Test Sample Case rpd nj sl File View Project Alternative Help D GEH t hug dE AECH High Convergence Project pgsTesCue Alternative 1 Baseline Existing Conditions of 3 Description Conditions Bridge Piers Cost Highway Segments Features r Feature 1 of 4 Category Type fio 4 1 Foreslope gt 2 0m Location Right DI Offset From Edge of Travelway ml 3 048 Distance from Beginning of First Length Im 228 6 Segment m o Width m je O96 Flare N Repetition o gt Add Feature Insert Feature Remove Feature Figure 1 Typical Screen The key elements of a typical screen are e Title bar The title bar at the top of the screen shows the title of the project being analyzed e Menu bar The menu bar below the title bar at the top of the screen shows the available menus for that screen e Tool bar The tool bar below the menu bar at the top of the screen shows buttons of available functions that may be accessed directly for that screen e Work space Th
8. therefore to develop an improved micro computer based cost effectiveness analysis procedure for use in 1 assessing alternative roadside safety treatments at both point locations and sections of roadway and 2 developing warrants and guidelines including those which consider performance levels of safety features 1 3 OVERVIEW OF RSAP PROGRAM The Roadside Safety Analysis Program RSAP was developed as a result of this study The RSAP program is comprised of two separate but integrated programs the User Interface Program and the Main Analysis Program The Main Analysis Program contains the cost effectiveness procedure itself and performs all the necessary calculations The Main Analysis Program is written in the FORTRAN language due to its efficiency in performing scientific calculations However the FORTRAN language is very poor in terms of user interface Thus user interface is handled through the User Interface Program so that the Main Analysis Program is transparent to the users i e the users do not work directly with the Main Analysis Program The User Interface Program is written in the Microsoft C language which is more adept at providing a user friendly environment through the use of windows screens and menus The User Interface Program provides the users with a simple and structured means to input the data into the RSAP program The program generates input data files that together with the default data files serve as inpu
9. 0 otherwise post an error If Width is greater than 50 m 165 ft then post a warning e Flare Rate must be in the range of 0 000 and 1 000 otherwise post an error e Offset must be greater than 0 otherwise post an error If Offset is 0 enter an arbitrary value of 0 01 ft or m If Offset is greater than 15 m 50 ft then post a warning 71 Distance from Beginning of First Segment must be greater than or equal to 0 otherwise post an error Distance from Beginning of First Segment plus length of feature must be less than the total length sum of lengths of all segments otherwise post an error Number of Repetitions must be greater than or equal to 0 otherwise post an error Spacing must be greater than Length of feature otherwise post an error Features located beyond the end of the last segment will be ignored and an error posted if the total segment length is greater than Distance from Beginning of First Segment Number Repetitions Spacing 72 APPENDIX C SAMPLE PROJECTS A general discussion of steps to be taken in setting up a project and two hypothetical sample projects to illustrate how to set up and run a RSAP project and to read and interpret the reports are presented in this Appendix C 1 GENERAL STEPS IN SETTING UP A PROJECT The general steps to set up and analyze the project are outlined as follows These steps are shown for illustration purposes and may vary among users e Select project setting and
10. 1 BACKGROUND The 1988 and 1996 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials AASHTO Roadside Design Guide includes general warrants for the use of traffic barriers and other roadside safety features However these warrants do not address the cost effectiveness of such installations The Roadside Design Guide also includes information on a computer program ROADSIDE which was developed for cost effectiveness analysis However agencies using the ROADSIDE program have experienced difficulties and some have found the results questionable The Federal Highway Administration FHWA has adopted National Cooperative Highway Research Program NCHRP Report 350 Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features as the official guidelines for safety performance evaluation of highway features The guidelines incorporate the multiple performance level concept for roadside safety features The intent of the multiple performance level concept is to provide roadside safety features that are better tailored to the specific conditions of a site The current version of the ROADSIDE program does not readily allow for the analysis of different performance levels Research is needed to develop improved software for cost effectiveness analysis of roadside features and to formulate procedures for using the software to apply the multiple performance level concept 1 2 STUDY OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was
11. 10 6 1 Negative H 4 0 m 13 ft 0 0 0 0721 4 33 11 6 1 Negative H 6 0 m 20 ft 0 0 0 0727 4 36 12 6 1 Negative H gt 8 0 m 26 ft 0 0 0 0729 4 37 13 4 1 Negative H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0490 2 94 14 4 1 Negative H 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0671 4 03 15 4 1 Negative H 2 0 m 7 ft 0 0 0 0859 5 15 16 4 1 Negative H 4 0 m 13 ft 0 0 0 1011 6 07 17 4 1 Negative H 6 0 m 20 ft 0 0 0 1067 6 40 18 4 1 Negative H 8 0 m 26 ft 0 0 0 1115 6 69 19 4 1 Negative H 10 0 m 33 ft 0 0 0 1141 6 85 20 4 1 Negative H gt 14 0 m 46 ft 0 0 0 1145 6 87 21 3 1 Negative H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0490 2 94 22 3 1 Negative H 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0685 4 11 23 3 1 Negative H 2 0 m 7 ft 0 0 0 0905 5 43 24 3 1 Negative H 4 0 m 13 ft 0 0 0 1117 6 70 25 3 1 Negative H 6 0 m 20 ft 0 0 0 1233 7 40 26 3 1 Negative H 8 0 m 26 ft 0 0 0 1333 8 00 27 3 1 Negative H 10 0 m 33 ft 0 0 0 1403 8 42 28 3 1 Negative H 14 0 m 46 ft 0 0 0 1411 8 47 29 3 1 Negative H gt 18 0 m 59 ft 0 0 0 1419 8 51 30 2 1 Negative H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0490 2 94 31 2 1 Negative H 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0693 4 16 32 2 1 Negative H 2 0 m 7 ft 0 0 0 0929 5 57 33 2 1 Negative H 4 0 m 13 ft 0 0 0 1181 7 09 34 2 1 Negative H 6 0 m 20 ft 0 0 0 1345 8 07 35 2 1 Negative H 8 0 m 26 ft 0 0 0 1493 8 96 H Height 63 Type No Description Category 4 Intersecting Slopes Cont d 36 37 38 39 40 4l 42 43 44 45
12. 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Page REPORTS Screen eege gege E EE EEN EE 35 CRASH COST Screen for Roadside Design Guide Crash Cost Figures 36 CRASH COST Screen for FHWA Comprehensive Crash Cost Figures 37 User Defined CRASH COST Screen ee ERENNERT 38 User Defined CRASH COST Screen 4 etae tp Neu pde kh Eege opp ERAN 39 VEHICLE MIX Screen for Nominal Percent Truck seeseeseeeeeeesese 40 VEHICLE MIX Screen for Vehicle Type 4 eet eem et rte eh Ak deet tien 41 VEHICLE MIX Screen for Vehicle Category 1 es reat was era eden 42 EDIT FEATURE Screen ee obese eodeni ee ee 43 CONFIRM Dialog BOX trasna nas eco aod ss andere ier ES BE MV EUNO ES stats 44 PRE CALC CHECK E 46 MESSAGES WM ION Lee EE dE 47 REEL Ee WEE 48 PROCESSING COMPLETED Dialog Box esee 48 ERROR MESSAGE Dialog BOX 55 tee REN pasara pee erae ENEE ERR ge 49 CONFIRM SAVE Dialog BOX 32 oe rer Iti epe BEEN 49 SAVB AS Dialog BOX i exer E REVERSE REOR senses peesas ee E Ea pela 50 REPLACE Dialog Eed e E tede e ace akt nds 50 BENEFIT COST RATIO Report ecrire y ener EAR EH HRS ERR FOR eR rS ENN 53 ALTERNATIVE COST REport EE 54 FEATURE COST Repot eese eee cc Re HAN E ERREVRENKER EAEE OE EERE TEADE Ea 55 Page LorFINPUT DATA RepOfl EE 56 iv Figure No Page 43 Page of INPUT DATA Report eege Eege 57 44 Pase 3 or INPUT DATA Report ebe e Ae aaa 58 45 PRINTSDIAlOS EE
13. 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 H Height 2 1 Negative H 10 0 m 33 ft 2 1 Negative H 14 0 m 46 ft 2 1 Negative H 18 0 m 59 ft 2 1 Negative H gt 22 0 m 72 ft Negative H 0 3 m 1 ft Negative H 1 0 m 3 ft Negative H 2 0 m 7 ft Negative H 4 0 m 13 ft Negative H 6 0 m 20 ft 1 5 1 Negative H 8 0 m 26 ft Negative H 10 0 m 33 ft Negative H 14 0 m 46 ft Negative H 18 0 m 59 ft Negative H gt 22 0 m 72 ft Vertical Drop H 0 m 0 ft Vertical Drop H 0 3 m 1 ft Vertical Drop H 1 0 m 3 ft Vertical Drop H 2 0 m 7 ft Vertical Drop H 4 0 m 13 ft Vertical Drop H 8 0 m 26 ft Vertical Drop H 10 0 m 33 ft Vertical Drop H 14 0 m 46 ft Vertical Drop H 18 0 m 59 ft Vertical Drop H gt 22 0 m 72 ft 10 1 Positive H 0 15 m 6 in 10 1 Positive H 0 3 m 1 ft 10 1 Positive H gt 0 6 m 2 ft 8 1 Positive H 0 15 m 6 in 8 1 Positive H 0 3 m 1 ft 8 1 Positive H 0 6 m 2 ft 8 1 Positive H gt 1 0 m 3 ft 6 1 Positive H 0 15 m 6 in 6 1 Positive H 0 3 m 1 ft 6 1 Positive H 0 6 m 2 ft 6 1 Positive H gt 1 0 m 3 ft 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 9 5 85 6 7 8 1 9 4 9 8 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rate of Slope 0
14. 5 b The predicted annual crash frequency and cost for Feature 1 culvert end are reduced to 0 0016 and 85 respectively Similarly the predicted annual crash frequency and cost for Feature 2 front slope of ditch are also reduced to 0 0034 and 529 respectively The crash frequency and cost for Feature 3 back slope of ditch remain very small However the installed guardrail length of need section and terminals combined has a higher predicted annual crash frequency of 0 0364 but with a lower associated annual crash cost of 2 246 The Feature Cost report for Alternative 3 as shown in Figure C 5 c is similar to that for Alternative 1 with the same features but at a greater lateral offset The predicted annual crash frequency and cost for Feature 1 culvert end are reduced to 0 0012 and 333 respectively Similarly the predicted annual crash frequency and cost for Feature 2 front slope of ditch are also reduced to 0 00026 and 83 respectively The crash frequency and cost for Feature 3 back slope of ditch remain insignificant C 3 SAMPLE PROJECT 2 The second hypothetical sample project pertains to the treatment of bridge piers Note that the sample application is again simplified with roadside features entered only for the median of the divided C 3 1 Project Data Table C 2 summarizes the input data for this sample project The highway is a four lane divided highway with a functional classification of rural freeway Lane wi
15. H 34 0 m 112 ft 0 0 0 1545 9 27 44 1 5 1 H gt 38 0 m 125 ft 0 0 0 1565 9 39 45 Vertical H 0 m 0 ft 0 0 0 0078 0 47 46 Vertical H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0701 4 21 47 Vertical H 2 0 m 7 ft 2 5 0 0442 5 15 48 Vertical H 4 0 m 13 ft 4 9 0 0234 6 30 49 Vertical H 6 0 m 20 ft 5 85 0 0232 7 24 50 Vertical H 8 0 m 26 ft 6 7 0 0230 8 08 51 Vertical H 10 0 m 33 ft 8 1 0 0200 9 30 52 Vertical H 14 0 m 46 ft 9 4 0 0060 9 76 53 Vertical H 18 0 m 59 ft 9 8 0 0024 9 94 54 Vertical H gt 22 0 m 72 ft 10 0 0 0000 10 00 Category 2 Backslopes 1 10 1 H lt 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0062 0 37 10 1 H gt 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0054 0 32 3 8 1 H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0070 0 42 4 8 1 H gt 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0054 0 32 5 6 1 H lt 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0086 0 52 6 6 1 H gt 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0054 0 32 7 4 1 H gt 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0094 0 56 8 3 1 H 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0122 0 73 9 3 1 H gt 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0170 1 02 H Height 61 SI at Rate of SI at Type No Description 0 mph Slope 60 mph Category 2 Backslopes Cont d 10 2 1 H 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0190 1 14 1 2 1 H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0214 1 28 12 2 1 H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0254 1 52 13 2 1 H 12 m 4 ft 0 0 0 0290 1 74 14 1 5 1 H 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0268 1 61 15 1 5 1 H0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0318 1 91 16 1 5 1 H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0362 2 17 17 1 5 1 H gt 1 2 m 4 ft 0 0 0 0384 2 30 18 1 1 H 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0290 1 74 19 1 1 H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0
16. Injury o PDO fo Figure 24 User Defined CRASH COST Screen Enter the costs for fatal severe injury moderate injury minor injury and property damage only PDO crashes in the spaces provided If you select to use the simpler categories of fatal injury and property damage only PDO the CRASH COST screen shown in Figure 25 will appear Enter the costs for fatal injury and property damage only PDO crashes in the spaces provided 38 Units Reports Crash Cost Vehicle Mix Edit Feature Cancel Figure 25 User Defined CRASH COST Screen 4 2 4 VEHICLE MIX Screen The RSAP program defines 12 categories of vehicles for use in the cost effectiveness analysis The vehicle mix or the percentage of the vehicle population within each of the 12 vehicle categories is calculated from the nominal percent truck data entry see Section 4 1 5 HIGHWAY Screen There is a choice of three different approaches for calculating the vehicle mix l Built in or default vehicle mix distributions EA User defined vehicle mix distributions by vehicle type and 3 User defined vehicle mix distributions by vehicle category The built in or default equations for the calculations are shown in Table 2 T is the nominal percent of truck traffic and the default value is 10 percent The corresponding default percentages for the 12 vehicle categories are also shown in Table 2 and the VEHICLE MIX screen with the default nominal percent truck
17. Reports Crash Cost Vehicle Mix Edit Feature Roadside Design Guide Cost DI Fatal Sever Injury 200000 Moderate Injury fi 2500 Minor Injury 3750 PDO Level 2 5 25 PDO Level 1 625 Figure 22 CRASH COST Screen for Roadside Design Guide Crash Cost Figures 36 The CRASH COST screen for the FHWA Comprehensive crash cost figures is shown in Figure 23 Units Reports Crash Cost Vehicle Mix Edit Feature FHWA Comprehensive Cost Cost Fatal 2600000 Sever Injury Domm Moderate Injury Gem Minor Injury 900 PDO 2000 Figure 23 CRASH COST Screen for FHWA Comprehensive Crash Cost Figures Note that while both the Roadside Design Guide and FHWA comprehensive cost figures are built into the program they are not hard coded and may be changed and updated from their respective screens as new figures become available If you prefer to use your own crash cost figures you can define the crash costs using one of two categorization schemes l Fatal severe injury moderate injury minor injury and property damage only PDO or P Fatal injury and property damage only PDO 37 If you select to use the categories of fatal severe injury moderate injury minor injury and property damage only PDO the CRASH COST screen shown in Figure 24 will appear Units Reports Crash Cost Vehicle Mix Edit Feature Fatal fo Sever Injury o Moderate Injury fo Minor
18. Segment Length 100 m 329 ft Vertical Grade 3 0 Horizontal Alignment Straight Segment 2 Segment Length 150 m 492 ft Vertical Grade Level Horizontal Alignment Straight Segment 3 Segment Length 100 m 329 ft Vertical Grade 3 0 Horizontal Alignment Straight Feature Data Culvert Headwall Type C 2 m 6 5 ft High Length 13 m 43 ft Width 0 3 m 1 0 ft Lateral Offset 2 5 m 8 ft Distance from Beginning 150 m 492 ft of First Segment 80 Install Guardrail Alternative 2 25 Years 4 0 5 000 0 Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Extend Culvert Alternative 3 25 Years 4 0 15 000 0 Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same 10 0 m Same Table C 1 Input Data for Sample Project 1 Cont d Baseline Conditions Install Guardrail Data Element Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Feature Data Cont d Intersecting Slopes 3 1 Negative 2 m 6 5 ft High Length Width Lateral Offset Distance from Beginning of First Segment 6 0 m 20 ft 20 m 66 ft 2 8 m 8 ft 150 m 492 ft Same Same Same Same Intersecting Slopes 3 1 Positive 2 m 6 5 ft High Length Width Lateral Offset Distance from Beginning of First Segment W Beam Strong Post Guardrail Length Width Lateral Offset Distance
19. Type Description 27 LENGTH Numeric WIDTH Numeric LOCATION Multiple Choice Default is RIGHT OFFSET FROM EDGE Numeric OF TRAVELWAY FLARE RATE Two associated data items LOCATION Multiple Choice Default is N A FLARE RATE Multiple Choice Default is 10 1 and 0 1 This entry will appear only if the entry for LOCATION is not N A DISTANCE FROM Numeric BEGINNING OF FIRST SEGMENT REPETITIONS Two associated data items NUMBER Numeric Default is 0 SPACING Numeric Default is 0 Enter length of feature Enter width of feature RIGHT MEDIAN LEFT Enter lateral offset to from edge of travelway to front face of feature N A DOWNSTREAM UPSTREAM 10 1 15 1 25 1 50 1 OTHER Enter actual flare rate Enter distance of feature from beginning of the first segment in meters Enter number of repetitions Enter spacing between repetitious features This entry will appear only if the entry for NUMBER is greater than 0 Select the feature category that best describes the feature for which the data is being entered For each feature category there is a corresponding list of feature types as shown in Appendix A Select the feature type that best describes the feature for which the data is being entered This list of feature categories and corresponding features types is similar to that for the ROADSIDE program If the feature in question is not represented by any of the features in the standard list us
20. and FEATURES data entry screens Provide entries on data regarding direct cost computations including project life discount rate total installation cost and annual maintenance cost Provide entries on general highway data including area type functional class highway type number of lanes lane width shoulder width speed limit average daily traffic ADT nominal percent truck traffic growth factor and user defined encroachment rate adjustment factor Provide entries on data regarding individual homogeneous segment s including length of segment median type and width percent grade and horizontal curvature Provide entries on data regarding roadside feature s including category and type length width location flare rate offset from edge of travelway distance from beginning of first segment and for features of a repetitive nature e g line of utility poles the number of repetitions and spacing between features Provide access to the UNITS REPORTS CRASH COST VEHICLE MIX and EDIT FEATURE data entry screens 17 Screen Function UNITS Select unit of measurement English or SI REPORTS Select reports to be displayed INPUT DATA BENEFIT COST RATIO ALTERNATIVE COST and FEATURE COST CRASH COST Allow selection of default crash cost figures and revisions to the default values VEHICLE MIX Allow selection of default vehicle mix data and revisions to the default values EDIT FEATURE Allow user to add
21. between 1 and 16 lanes Ifa number outside of the range e g 18 is entered a message will be displayed to warn the user that the data entry is outside of the predetermined range Most range checks are soft checks with warning messages only i e the user can ignore the message and keep the data entry if so desired A consistency check compares the entry for two or more interrelated data elements to ensure that the entered data are consistent among these data elements For example if the HIGHWAY TYPE is one way then the MEDIAN WIDTH should be 0 0 If an inconsistency is detected a message will be displayed to warn the user that the data entry is not consistent Most consistency checks are soft checks with warning messages only i e the user can ignore the message and keep the data entry if so desired 5 1 1 PRE CALC CHECK Screen The Main Analysis Program automatically performs the edit range and consistency checks prior to analysis of the project If no errors hard checks or warnings soft checks are detected the program will proceed with the analysis If there are any errors or warnings the PRE CALC CHECK screen as shown in Figure 31 will be displayed showing the number of errors and warnings and the messages If there are any errors the program will not proceed with the analysis Click on the OK button and return to the MAIN INPUT screen to correct the errors prior to submitting the project again for analysis If there are only
22. calculations is shown in Figure 26 39 Table 2 Vehicle Mix Calculations and Default Values Vehicle Type Percent of Traffic Description Percent in Vehicle Mix Passenger Car 0 6 100 T 820 kg Small 8 1 1410 kg Intermediate 33 6 2000 kg Large 11 9 Pickup and Van 0 4 100 T Small Pickup Truck 9 4 Mini Van 12 6 Full Size Pickup Truck 10 5 Specialty Vehicle 3 6 Single Unit Truck T if T lt 4 8000 kg Empty 2 9 4 if T gt 4 13500 kg Loaded 1 2 Tractor Trailer 0 if T lt 4 13500 kg Empty 1 3 T 4 if T gt 4 36000 kg Van Trailer Loaded 3 6 36000 kg Tank Trailer Loaded 1 3 Total 100 0 Units Reports Crash Cost Vehicle Mix Edit Feature Nominal Percent Trucks Vehicle Mix will be calculated from Percent Trucks which is entered on the Highway Page Figure 26 VEHICLE MIX Screen for Nominal Percent Truck 40 If you prefer to use a different vehicle mix distribution than that built into the program select the option of entering user defined vehicle mix distribution using either vehicle types or vehicle categories Under vehicle types you can define the vehicle mix percentages for all 12 vehicle types Under vehicle categories you only need to define the vehicle mix percentages of the 4 vehicle categories i e passenger cars pickup trucks and vans single unit trucks and tractor trailer The VEHICLE MIX screen for user defined vehicle mix distribution by vehicle type is shown in F
23. default condition is to select all four reports 34 Units Reports Crash Cost Vehicle Mix Edit Feature m Print Selections Q v Print Benefit Cost Ratio Report JV Print Alternative Cost Report IV Print Features Cost Report Figure 21 REPORTS Screen 4 2 3 CRASH COST Screen There is a choice of four different sets of crash cost figures for use with the analysis Im Crash cost figures from the 2002 AASHTO Roadside Design Guide 2 Federal Highway Administration FHWA comprehensive crash cost figures 3 User defined crash cost figures categorized by fatal severe injury moderate injury minor injury and property damage only PDO or 4 User defined crash cost figures categorized by fatal injury and property damage only PDO The AASHTO Roadside Design Guide and the FHWA comprehensive crash cost figures are already built into the program as shown in Table 1 35 Table 1 Built in Crash Cost Figures Crash Severity Roadside Design Guide FHWA Comprehensive Cost Fatal Crash 1 000 000 2 600 000 Severe Injury Crash 200 000 180 000 Moderate Injury Crash 12 500 36 000 Slight Injury Crash 3 750 19 000 PDO Crash Level 2 3 125 2 000 PDO Crash Level 1 625 2 000 The default crash cost figures are those from the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide The CRASH COST screen for the AASHTO Roadside Design Guide crash cost figures is shown in Figure 22 Units
24. default values including random v specific seed number unit of measurement reports to be included default crash cost figures and default vehicle mix e Gather applicable information on baseline conditions Select length of highway section for analysis Keep length of highway section to a minimum Longer highway section will increase processing time with no apparent advantage Recall that the program automatically adds a 500 m long virtual segment before the beginning of the first segment and after the end of the last segment This ensures that all encroachments will be accounted for regardless of the location of the feature within the segments Thus you may locate a feature as close to the beginning of the first segment or the end of the last segment as long as the feature is totally within the segments e Break down the highway section into homogeneous segments Each homogeneous segment will have the same median type and width vertical grade and horizontal curvature e Identify features to be included in the analysis Keep the number of features as small as possible and include only those features that change among the alternatives In situations where the features are the same on both sides of two way highway it will simplify the project by entering data for only one side of the highway since the other side should yield the same results The main reason for keeping the number of features small is that it becomes more and more difficu
25. entries under the COST screen is as follows Data Entry Type Description LIFE YEARS Numeric Life of project in years Default is 25 years DISCOUNT RATE Numeric Discount rate in percent Default is 4 0 percent TOTAL INSTALLATION Numeric Total installation cost for alternative COST ANNUAL MAINTENANCE Numeric Annual maintenance cost for alternative COST Note that the total installation cost for the alternative will be converted automatically by the program to an annualized cost based on the project life and the discount rate for use in the benefit cost ratio calculations This allows for the use of different project life and discount rate for different alternatives It should be emphasized that alternative 1 baseline conditions must have the lowest installation cost or an error message Installation cost must be greater than that of alternative 1 will be displayed during the pre calculation checks and the program will not perform the analysis The rationale for this error message is that the baseline alternative is the do nothing option and should not have any installation cost The installation costs for the other alternatives do not have to be in any specific order The program will automatically reorder the alternatives in ascending order of direct costs Also note that there is no entry for the salvage value The rationale is that most of the roadside features will have little or no salvage value The inclusio
26. esee nanan 18 4 1 2 PROJECT SETTINGS Serei 0 ccc cece cece cece mese ene 20 41 3 MAIN INPUT Screens iesen ge tet etse leds 20 47154 C OS IE SCTeenc s ds bec a erras evt eth ques nente e etta ates 22 41 5 HIGHWAY Screen coo emen Ec HD is 23 ke SEGMENTS Screen 2h Godse ssc i RE e c dee 25 EL FEATURES Screen ued orco Deg SE veo e geed d se 27 4 1 8 USER DEFINED FEATURE Screen sssssseeeesees n 31 Pe ZAXUTGEHAEIVOS EE 32 4 2 OPTIONS SCREENS 5 taste toe ce SE AE Feb Don EO PRENDE QUEE 33 Ail UNITS Sereen cocer br AER RSA ee 34 42 2 REPORTS Sereen iuc eee rrr liven cans po eter re rer rr ENNEN EEN 34 42 3 CRASH COST Screen EE 35 4 204 VEHICLE MIX Screen 39 4 2 5 EDIT FEATURE Screen 42 5 DATA CHECKING AND PROCESSING eee 45 5 1 DATA CHECKING EE 45 5 1 1 PRE CALC CHECK Screen 45 5 1 2 MESSAGES Screen 46 5 2 DATA PROCESSING 2 m nere re scale beret cue ere E dE e 47 53 SAVING THE DATAS 12 Eee eer meruit er ded POR 49 6 REPOR ES eere due n e rebua e hs 51 6 1 REPOR TS ooo T E A 51 DEL BENEFIT COST RATIO Report seed gea be tr e xe Deeg 52 6 1 2 ALTERNATIVE COST Report ENEE nete 53 6 1 3 FEATURE COST Report 2 s eR Lo xt exe 54 0 1 4 INPUT DATA Report 1er ot dex oo detuc etas E AEN 56 6 1 5 Clearing of Reports Par events ose i REAL SPERA ED L ERE PAR EEREHNA 58 6 2 PRINTING THE REPORT oun cece cece cece cece ee eeeee
27. highways the lateral offset is measured to the nearest edge of the travelway For the median of a divided highway the lateral offset is measured only from the edge of the travelway in the direction of travel Consider the example of two guardrails shielding a bridge pier in the center of the median The width of the median is 60 ft and each guardrail is located 20 ft from the respective edge of the travelway The location for both guardrails would be entered as MEDIAN The lateral offset ofthe guardrail in the direction 29 of travel would be entered as 20 ft while the lateral offset of the guardrail for the opposing direction of travel would be entered as 40 ft For a feature that flares away from the roadway such as a flared guardrail or end terminal enter the FLARE RATE otherwise skip this entry the default entry is N A for no flare There are two associated entries for flare rate LOCATION and FLARE RATE Only the entry for LOCATION is shown initially The first data item LOCATION identifies if there is no flare N A and if there is a flare the location of the flare DOWNSTREAM or UPSTREAM The DOWNSTREAM location refers to the trailing end of a guardrail or terminal where the upstream end is closer to the roadway edge than the downstream end The UPSTREAM location refers to the leading end of a guardrail or terminal where the upstream end is further off the roadway edge than the downstream end If there is a flare i e LOCATION is
28. may obscure part of the MAIN INPUT screen rendering some the data entries and command buttons at the bottom not accessible If that poses a problem move the message window lower or adjust the size of the window to eliminate this problem To remove the MESSAGES window from the screen again click on the VIEW menu and then the MESSAGES command 46 n RSAP Beta Test Sample Case rpd m iol sl File View Project Alternative Help O zm H amp 9 b A A 14 d High Convergence Project Beta Test Case r Alternative 1 Baseline Existing Conditions of 3 Description Fe Conditions Bridge Piers Cost Highway Segments Features Life years 25 Discount Rate 4 Total Installation Cost o Annual Maintenance Cost Messages Errors 0 warnings D X Accident Cost Method Roadside Design Guide Cost OK Vehicle Mix Method Nominal Percent Trucks OK Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Figure 32 MESSAGES Window 5 2 DATA PROCESSING Data processing refers to the execution of the Main Analysis Program for the current project input data file Data processing is initiated by either clicking on ANALYSIS button on the tool bar or the PROJECT menu and then the ANALYZE command As mentioned previously the program will automatically conduct edit range and consistency checks on the project input data prior to initiating the analysis The program will not proceed with the analysis if
29. not N A the entry for FLARE RATE will appear The flare rate is defined as the ratio of lateral distance over longitudinal distance For example if the guardrail tapers laterally 1 ft for every 15 ft of longitudinal distance the flare rate is 15 1 or 0 067 A list of the more common flare rates is provided in the multiple choice entry If the actual flare rate is different from one of the listed flare rates select OTHER and enter the actual flare rate in the space provided The longitudinal location of a feature is always taken from the beginning of the first segment which serves as the reference point for all features regardless of the segment the feature is located in For repetitious features such as a line of utility poles it is not necessary to enter data on each feature Instead enter the number of repetitions 1 e total number for that feature and the spacing between the features and the program will automatically enter the data for all these features There are two associated entries for flare rate REPETITIONS and SPACING Only the entry for REPETITIONS is shown initially Once a number other than zero 0 is entered for REPETITIONS the entry for SPACING will appear Enter the spacing in the space provided For example if there are a total of 10 utility poles in a line spaced at 300 ft apart enter 10 for the REPETITIONS and 300 ft for SPACING Note that any feature beyond the end of the last segment will not be included in the
30. number at row 2 and column 3 Note that the numbering of the rows and columns may not always be sequential i e 1 2 3 etc but can be out of order e g 1 3 and 2 The reason is that other than Alternative 1 which must have the lowest direct cost the other alternatives are automatically arranged in ascending order of direct costs This assures that the denominator of the B C ratio will always be positive Also note that the B C ratio may be positive or negative The B C ratio is the ratio of benefits measured in terms of reduction in crash costs over costs which are the direct costs associated with the safety improvement The denominator direct costs is purposely kept positive by arranging the alternatives in an ascending order of direct costs The sign of the B C ratio is therefore a function of the benefits If the benefits are positive i e a reduction in crash costs the B C ratio is positive If the benefits are negative 1 e an increase in crash costs the B C ratio is negative Needless to say a safety improvement with a negative B C ratio is not a prime candidate for implementation It should be emphasized that the B C ratios by themselves could be misleading For example if the difference in direct costs between two alternatives is very small any change in the benefits could result in a huge swing in the B C ratio Users should also examine the crash and direct costs for the individual alternatives and features to make s
31. of buttons is provided on the tool bar to facilitate access to some of the more commonly used functions The available buttons for the various screens are as follows Button Function Description OPENING SCREEN D NEW FILE Create a new project data file OPEN FILE Open an existing project data file HELP Help DATA INPUT SCREENS D NEW FILE Create a new project data file a OPEN FILE Open an existing project data file ix SAVE FILE Save current project data file e PRINT Print current project data file HELP Help a PS PREVIOUS ALTERNATIVE Display previous alternative ERU NEXT ALTERNATIVE Display next alternative ADD ALTERNATIVE Add a new alternative d DUPLICATE ALTERNATIVE Duplicate alternative as a new alternative d DELETE ALTERNATIVE Delete this alternative A PRE CALC CHECK Check project data for inconsistency 4 ANALYSIS Perform analysis on this project Lomwe CONVERGENCE Change level of convergence REPORT SCREENS PRINT Print report NEXT PAGE Go to next page of report PREV PAGE Go back to previous page of report TWO PAGE ONE PAGE Toggle between showing the reports in either a two page or one page format ZOOM IN Zoom in on the display ZOOM OUT Zoom out on the display CLOSE Close REPORT screen and return to MAIN INPUT screen 14 3 4 COMMAND BUTTONS The command buttons shown near the bottom of some screens allow you to execute the specific commands shown in the buttons Some or all these command butto
32. recommended to use the random seed number option for new projects and the specified seed number option for all runs under the same project to keep the results consistent among the runs e Can I use the RSAP program to evaluate the need for a median barrier Response The RSAP program is intended for ran off road crashes and cannot handle cross median vehicle to vehicle type crashes Thus you cannot evaluate the need for a median barrier directly However you may model the situation to approximate cross median crashes for the evaluation The model will consist of 1 A one way highway representing half of the divided highway with half of the ADT The left side of the one way highway would represent the median of the divided highway 2 A phantom user defined feature placed on the left side of the one way highway at the location where the edge of the travelway for the opposing direction of travel would have been 3 This phantom feature will have severity estimates approximating that of a cross median crash based on historical accident experience and adjusted for the probability that a crossover vehicle may not impact with a vehicle in the opposing direction of travel 4 Keep in mind that the estimated accident costs are only one half of the total for a divided highway Thus all direct costs should also be halved e I have been running a constant sample highway segment and feature remains constant with different values of accident cost
33. speed is typically higher than the speed limit it would affect the impact speed and angle distribution and the resulting severity estimates and crash costs 24 The average daily traffic ADT refers to the total ADT for both directions of traffic The encroachment rate adjustment factor is intended for use in special situations where the encroachment rate is expected to differ significantly from the average The default value is 1 0 i e no adjustment A value of greater than 1 0 is used when the encroachment rate is expected to be higher than average e g at locations where there have been a higher than average crash experience A value of less than 1 0 is used when the encroachment rate is expected to be lower than average e g at locations where safety countermeasures such as rumble strips on shoulders are implemented 4 1 6 SEGMENTS Screen The SEGMENTS screen as shown in Figure 17 provides entries on data regarding individual homogeneous segments including length of segment median type and width percent grade and horizontal curvature direction and radius Y RSAP Beta_Test_Sample_Case rpd m mi xj File View Project Alternative Help Dc ie e t fia A f y High Convergence Project baste SSS Alternative 1 Baseline Existing Conditions of 3 Description Conditions Bridge Piers Cost Highway Segments Features m Segment 1 of 3 Segment Length m PER Median Type No Median Undivided Highway DI
34. the mouse to drag on the choices To select an entry double click on your choice Alternatively you can click on your choice or use the ARROW keys to get to your choice and press ENTER The multiple choice window will then close and the selected item will appear in the data entry To exit from the multiple choice window without making a choice or changing the current choice use the TAB key to go to the next data entry or use the mouse to click on the data entry of your choice 3 Numeric For a numeric data entry enter the data in the space provided The unit of the data entry e g meter m percent etc is shown on the right of the data entry 16 IV DATA INPUT This chapter provides instructions on how to enter project input data into the RSAP program To start the RSAP program under the WINDOWS operating environment click on START PROGRAMS and then RSAP When the RSAP program is first started the OPEN FILE screen will be displayed 4 1 DATA ENTRY SCREENS The following screens are used with the data input process Screen OPEN FILE PROJECT SETTING MAIN INPUT COST HIGHWAY SEGMENTS FEATURES OPTIONS Function Create a new project or to open an existing project Provide entry for project description and selection of the manner the seed number will be generated random or specified Main screen for data entry Provides entries on alternative description and access to the COST HIGHWAY SEGMENTS
35. there are errors in the input data from the hard checks but will proceed when there are only warnings from the soft checks The DATA PROCESSING screen as shown in Figure 33 is displayed when the project is being processed 47 Io C Projects Rsap Debug rsapmainb exe To interrupt the analysis press Ctrl C when this window is the active window 1 ANALYZING ALTERNATIVE Iteration No 41 Figure 33 DATA PROCESSING Screen The DATA PROCESSING screen indicates the status of the processing 1 e which alternative the program is analyzing and a count of the number of iterations Upon completion of the processing the PROCESSING COMPLETED dialog box as shown in Figure 34 will appear Click on the OK button and the program will display the reports see Chapter VI REPORTS for details of the reports TC x AN Processing completed Figure 34 PROCESSING COMPLETED Dialog Box If a problem is encountered in running the Main Analysis Program and the analysis is terminated unexpected an ERROR MESSAGE dialog box as shown in Figure 35 will be displayed informing the user that a problem has occurred and the analysis was not completed 48 beap x Ku Unexpected termination of analysis module Figure 35 ERROR MESSAGE Dialog Box 5 3 SAVING THE DATA The entered data can be saved by clicking on the SAVE FILE button on the tool bar or the FILE menu and then the CLOSE SAVE PROJECT or SAVE AS command With the CLO
36. warning messages but no errors the program will ask if you wish to continue with the analysis despite the warnings If you want to proceed with the analysis click the OK button and the program will proceed with the analysis If you wish to check and correct the warnings first prior to analysis click on the CANCEL button and the program will return you to the MAIN INPUT screen for correction of the warnings 45 Pre Calc Check l xj The pre calc check resulted in 0 Errors 0 Warnings Method Roadside Design Guide Cost Method Nominal Percent Trucks K Figure 31 PRE CALC CHECK Screen You can also run the edit range and consistency checks at any time during the data entry process without analyzing the project Click on the PRE CALC CHECK button on the tool bar or click on the PROJECT menu and then the PRE CALC CHECK command to run the checks Upon completion of the checks the results will be displayed in the PRE CALC CHECK dialog box showing the number of errors hard checks and warnings soft checks and the error or warning messages Regardless of whether there are errors or messages click on the OK button to return to the MAIN INPUT screen 5 1 22 MESSAGES Screen It may be convenient to view the error and warning messages while making the corrections Click on the VIEW menu and then the MESSAGES command the MESSAGES window will appear below the data entry screens as shown in Figure 32 Note that the MESSAGES window
37. with the terminals assuming that post 3 is the beginning of length of need A width of 0 5 m 1 5 ft is used for both the guardrails and the terminals The installation cost for the approach guardrail is 5 000 Note that the installation cost is half of the total cost since only the right side of the highway is modeled In addition to the three features from the baseline conditions three additional features are added to model the guardrail and the two terminals as follows 75 4 Upstream guardrail terminal Feature category is Terminals and Crash Cushions and feature type is TL 3 Guardrail Terminal 5 Guardrail Feature category is Longitudinal Barriers and feature type is TL 3 Guardrail 6 Downstream guardrail terminal Feature category is Terminals and Crash Cushions and feature type is TL 3 Guardrail Terminal The second candidate improvement Alternative 3 is to extend the length of the culvert by 7 5 m 25 ft from 2 5 m 8 ft to 10 m 33 ft beyond the edge of the travelway as shown in Figure C 2 c The installation cost for extending the culvert is 50 000 Again note that the installation cost is half of the total cost since only the right side of the highway is modeled The same three features are used to model Alternative 3 as the baseline conditions under Alternative 1 with the exception of increasing the lateral offsets by 7 5 m 25 ft C 2 2 Reports Figure C 3 shows the Benefi
38. 090 0 54 20 Tree 100 mm 4 in Dia 0 0 0 0270 1 62 21 Tree 150 mm 6 in Dia 0 0 0 0566 3 40 22 Tree 200 mm 8 in Dia 0 0 0 0839 5 03 23 Tree 250 mm 10 in Dia 0 0 0 0969 5 81 24 Tree 300 mm 12 in Dia 0 0 0 0997 5 98 25 Tree 2300 mm 12 in Dia 0 0 0 1017 6 10 26 Wooden Utility Pole 200 mm 8 in Dia 0 0 0 0819 4 9 27 Wooden Utility Pole 250 mm 10 in Dia 0 0 0 0949 5 69 28 Wooden Utility Pole 300 mm 12 in Dia 0 0 0 0989 5 93 29 Wooden Utility Pole gt 300 mm 12 in Dia 0 0 0 1017 6 10 30 Brk Support Delta V 1 5 m s 5 fps 0 0 0 0278 1 67 31 Brk Support Delta V 3 0 m s 10 fps 0 0 0 0382 2 29 32 Brk Support Delta V 4 5 m s 15 fps 0 0 0 0494 2 96 33 Brk Support Delta V 6 1 m s 20 fps 0 0 0 0601 3 61 34 Brk Support Delta V 7 6 m s 25 fps 0 0 0 0721 4 33 H Height Dia Diameter Rect Rectangular Brk Breakaway Delta V Velocity Change Category 6 Culvert End see Figure A 1 for illustrations of culvert end types 1 Type A H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0448 2 69 2 Type A H 0 5 m 1 5 ft 0 0 0 0506 3 04 3 Type A H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0663 3 98 4 Type A H 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0727 4 36 5 Type A H 1 2 m 4 ft 0 0 0 0767 4 60 66 SI at Rate of SI at Type No Description 0 mph Slope 60 mph Category 6 Culvert End see Figure A 1 for illustrations of culvert end types 6 Type A H 1 8 m 6 ft 0 0 0 0747 4 48 7 Type A H2 4 m 8 ft 0 0 0 0718 4 3 8 Type B H 0 3 m
39. 100 km h 62 2 mph and repair cost e What should I enter for the length of a guardrail terminal Response The length of the terminal should be the non directive portion of the terminal For example the total length of the FLEAT terminal is 37 5 ft and the beginning of length of need is at 12 5 ft from the nose of the terminal The length of the terminal should be 12 5 ft and not 37 5 ft However remember to add the 25 ft from the terminal to the length of need section of the guardrail e Is there any difference in severity estimates between an end on impact and a side impact for a guardrail terminal Under the current program each feature has only one severity estimate SI regardless of the direction of travel or the area of impact Thus there is no difference in the severity estimates between an end on impact and a side impact for a guardrail terminal If you 99 think the distinction is critical you can enter the nose and the side of the terminal as separate features with different severity estimates using User Defined Features e How close can I place a feature to the beginning of the first highway segment or the end of the last highway segment Response You may locate a feature as close to the beginning of the first segment or the end of the last segment as long as the feature is totally within the segments The program automatically adds a 500 m long virtual segment before the beginning of the first segment and after t
40. 159 2 m D 155 6m D 3m Shoulder Principal Direction of Travel Median Beginning of 0 First Segment Figure C 6 a Alternative 1 Baseline Condition Sample Project 2 9 Beginning of Edge of Travelway Distance from First Segment Four 0 9 m Diameter Bridge Piers 1826 m Tumed Down W beam Strong P geg Come Am 76m End Terminal 17S m 162 8 m 1592m 1556m 150m 141 6 m Turned Down 76m 726m p Strong End Terminal i ost Guardrail 134 m E z ke t H H A i H E 985 m 38m End Terminal 95 m Lateral Offset 61m Median Beginningof 0 First Segment Figure C 6 b Alternative 2 Install Guardrail Sample Project 2 92 Edge of Travelway Distance from Beginning of First Segment Non Redirective Crash Cushion 119m Vertical Concrete Wall 8 5m Non Redirective Crash Cushion CX X Qo 6 t LC Principal Direction of Travel Median Beginning of First Segment Figure C 6 c Alternative 3 Install Crash Cushion Sample Project 2 93 M RSAP Sample Project 2 rpd ini x Print Nest Page Erev Pace Two Pane Zoom ln P at Close Roackide Safety Analysis Program Version 2 0 3 Date April 28 2003 Time 1524 39PM Benefit Cost Ratio Report Sage d File Name Sample Project 2 pd Project Description Sample Project 2 Alternative Description Baseline Conditions Bridge Piers in Median
41. 1649 0 1697 0 1717 0 1721 0 0490 0 0693 0 0929 0 1193 0 1367 0 1537 0 1741 0 1812 0 1842 0 1858 0 0078 0 0701 0 0442 0 0234 0 0232 0 0230 0 0200 0 0060 0 0024 0 0000 0 0170 0 0224 0 0231 0 0170 0 0270 0 0286 0 0290 0 0170 0 0350 0 0374 0 0386 SI at 60 mph 9 89 10 00 10 00 10 00 2 94 4 16 5 57 7 16 8 20 9 22 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00 0 17 4 21 5 15 6 30 7 24 8 08 9 30 9 76 9 94 10 00 1 02 1 34 1 39 1 02 1 62 1 72 1 74 1 02 2 10 2 24 2 32 SI at Rate of SI at Type No Description 0 mph Slope 60 mph Category 4 Intersecting Slopes Cont d 71 4 1 Positive H 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0182 1 09 72 4 1 Positive H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0486 2 92 73 4 1 Positive H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0530 3 18 74 4 1 Positive H gt 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0536 3 00 75 3 1 Positive H 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0182 1 09 76 3 1 Positive H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0591 3 55 7 3 1 Positive H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0623 3 74 78 3 1 Positive H gt 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0643 3 86 79 2 1 Positive H 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0190 1 14 80 2 1 Positive H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0731 4 39 81 2 1 Positive H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0779 4 67 82 2 1 Positive H gt 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0799 4 79 83 1 5 1 Positive H 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0198 1 19 84 1 5 1 Positive H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0821 4 93 85 1 5 1 Positive H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0871 5 23 86 1 5 1 Positive H gt 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0891 5 35
42. 30 2 58 11 3 1 H 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0290 1 74 12 3 1 H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0458 2 75 13 3 1 H 2 0 m 7 ft 0 0 0 0578 3 47 14 3 1 H 4 0 m 13 ft 0 0 0 0597 3 58 15 3 1 H 6 0 m 20 ft 0 0 0 0605 3 63 16 3 1 H 8 0 m 26 ft 0 0 0 0609 3 65 17 3 1 H gt 10 0 m 33 ft 0 0 0 0615 3 69 18 2 1 H 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0382 2 29 19 2 1 H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0562 3 37 20 2 1 H 2 0 m 7 ft 0 0 0 0778 4 67 21 2 1 H 4 0 m 13 ft 0 0 0 0841 5 05 22 2 1 H 6 0 m 20 ft 0 0 0 0865 5 19 23 2 1 H 8 0 m 26 ft 0 0 0 0893 5 36 24 2 1 H 10 0 m 33 ft 0 0 0 0965 5 79 25 2 1 H14 0 m 46 ft 0 0 0 1041 6 25 26 2 1 H 18 0 m 59 ft 0 0 0 1101 6 61 27 2 1 H 22 0 m 72 ft 0 0 0 1121 6 73 28 2 1 H 26 0 m 85 ft 0 0 0 1137 6 82 29 2 1 H 30 0 m 112 ft 0 0 0 1145 6 87 30 2 1 H gt 34 0 m 125 ft 0 0 0 1149 6 89 H Height 60 SI at Rate of SI at Type No Description 0 mph Slope 60 mph Category 1 Foreslopes Cont d 31 1 5 1 H2 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0446 2 68 32 1 5 1 H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0629 3 77 33 1 5 1 H 2 0 m 7 ft 0 0 0 0865 5 19 34 1 5 1 H 4 0 m 13 ft 0 0 0 0957 5 74 35 1 5 1 H 6 0 m 20 ft 0 0 0 1005 6 03 36 1 5 1 H 8 0 m 26 ft 0 0 0 1057 6 34 37 1 5 1 H 10 0 m 33 ft 0 0 0 1173 7 04 38 1 5 1 H 14 0 m 46 ft 0 0 0 1281 7 69 39 1 5 1 H 18 0 m 59 ft 0 0 0 1377 8 26 40 1 5 1 H 22 0 m 72 ft 0 0 0 1449 8 69 41 1 5 1 H 26 0 m 85 ft 0 0 0 1469 8 81 42 1 5 1 H 30 0 m 98 ft 0 0 0 1513 9 08 43 1 5 1
43. 390 2 34 20 1 1 H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0434 2 60 21 1 1 H 21 2 m 4 ft 0 0 0 0454 2 72 22 Vertical H 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0362 247 23 Vertical H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0398 2 39 24 Vertical H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0386 2 33 25 Vertical H 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0366 2 20 Category 3 Parallel Ditches 1 2 1 Foreslope 2 1 Backslope 0 0 0 0538 3 23 2 1 Foreslope 3 1 Backslope 0 0 0 0510 3 06 3 3 1 Foreslope 2 1 Backslope 0 0 0 0506 3 04 4 3 1 Foreslope 3 1 Backslope 0 0 0 0476 2 86 5 3 1 Foreslope 4 1 Backslope 0 0 0 0440 2 64 6 4 1 Foreslope 2 1 Backslope 0 0 0 0454 2 72 7 4 1 Foreslope 3 1 Backslope 0 0 0 0392 2 35 8 4 1 Foreslope 4 1 Backslope 0 0 0 0366 2 20 9 6 1 Foreslope 2 1 Backslope 0 0 0 0356 2 14 10 6 1 Foreslope 3 1 Backslope 0 0 0 0302 1 81 11 6 1 Foreslope 4 1 Backslope 0 0 0 0270 1 62 12 6 1 Foreslope 6 1 Backslope 0 0 0 0238 1 43 H Height 62 SI at Rate of SI at Type No Description 0 mph Slope 60 mph Category 4 Intersecting Slopes 1 10 1 Negative H lt 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0270 1 62 2 10 1 Negative H gt 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0296 1 78 3 8 1 Negative H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0374 2 24 4 8 1 Negative H 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0446 2 68 5 8 1 Negative H 2 0 m 7ft 0 0 0 0462 2 71 6 8 1 Negative H gt 4 0 m 13 ft 0 0 0 0466 2 80 7 6 1 Negative H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0450 2 70 8 6 1 Negative H 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0587 3 52 9 6 1 Negative H 2 0 m 7 ft 0 0 0 0689 4 13
44. 59 ASW suivant End E EE 69 C 1 Highway Plan and Profile Sample Project 1 82 C 2 a Alternative 1 Baseline Condition Sample Project 1 83 C 2 b Alternative 2 Install Guardrail Sample Project 1 84 C 2 c Alternative 3 Extend Culvert Sample Project 1 sese 85 C 3 Benefit Cost Ratio Report Sample Project 1 86 C 4 Alternative Cost Report Sample Project 1 86 C 5 a Feature Cost Report Sample Project 1 Alternative 1 87 C 5 b Feature Cost Report Sample Project 1 Alternative 2 87 C 5 c Feature Cost Report Sample Project 1 Alternative 3 88 C 6 a Alternative 1 Baseline Condition Sample Project 2 9 C 6 b Alternative 2 Install Guardrail Sample Project 7 92 C 6 c Alternative 3 Install Crash Cushion Sample Project 2 93 C 7 Benefit Cost Ratio Report Sample Project 2 94 C 8 Alternative Cost Report Sample Project 2 sssssis sees tbe eene eye bo ee eee da 94 C 9 a Feature Cost Report Sample Project 2 Alternative 1 95 C 9 b Feature Cost Report Sample Project 2 Alternative 2 95 C 9 c Feature Cost Report Sample Project 2 Alternative 3 96 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Built in Crash Cost EE 36 2 Vehicle Mix Calculations and Default Values cssesseeseeeee 40 C 1 Input Data for Sample Project I dente EEN SNE eeh ENN 80 C22 Input Data for Sample Project 2 oria Re RO ERN RAN ESTA TA NU RT SCENE 89 vi I INTRODUCTION 1
45. 87 1 1 Positive H 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0198 1 19 88 1 1 Positive H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0905 5 43 89 1 1 Positive H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0961 5 77 90 1 1 Positive H gt 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 0981 5 89 Category 5 Fixed Objects 1 Round 0 5 m 1 5 ft Dia 0 0 0 0929 5 57 2 Round 1 0 m 3 ft Dia 0 0 0 0913 5 48 3 Round gt 2 0 m 7 ft Dia 0 0 0 0901 5 41 4 Rect W 0 5 m 1 5 ft H0 15m 6in 0 0 0 0124 0 74 5 Rect W 0 5 m 1 5 ft H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0917 5 50 6 Rect W 0 5 m 1 5 ft H0 5m 1 5 ft 00 0 0977 5 86 7 Rect W 0 5 m 1 5 ft H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 1017 6 10 8 Rect W 0 5 m 1 5 ft H gt 1 0m 3 ft 00 0 1049 6 29 H Height W Width Dia Diameter Rect Rectangular 65 SI at Rate of SI at Type No Description 0 mph Slope 60 mph Category 5 Fixed Objects Cont d 9 Rect W 1 25 m 4 ft H 0 15 m 6 in 0 0 0 0210 1 26 10 Rect W 1 25 m 4 ft H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0901 5 41 11 Rect W 1 25 m 4 ft H 0 5 m 1 5 ft 0 0 0 0961 5 77 12 Rect W 1 25 m 4 ft H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0989 5 93 13 Rect W 1 25 m 4 ft H gt 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 1029 6 17 14 Rect W gt 2 0 m 7ft H 0 15m 6 in 0 0 0 0254 1 52 15 Rect W gt 2 0 m 7 ft H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0889 5 33 16 Rect W gt 2 0 m 7ft H0 5m 1 5 ft 0 0 0 0941 5 65 17 Rect W gt 2 0 m 7 ft H 0 6 m 2 ft 0 0 0 0977 5 86 18 Rect W gt 2 0 m 7 ft H gt 1 0 m 3 ft 0 0 0 1009 6 05 19 Tree 50 mm 2 in Dia 0 0 0 0
46. ENDIX B Pre Calculation Checks Crash Cost Figures All values of crash cost figures must be greater than 0 0 otherwise post an error Vehicle Mix Figures All values of vehicle mix must be between 0 0 and 100 0 otherwise post an error COST Screen Total Installation Cost for all alternatives other than Alternative 1 must not be 0 otherwise post an error Total Installation Cost for all alternatives must be greater than that of Alternative 1 otherwise post an error Project Life must be greater than 0 otherwise post an error Project Life should range from 1 to 25 otherwise post a warning Discount Rate must be greater than 0 otherwise post an error Discount Rate should range from 2 0 to 10 0 percent otherwise post a warning Annual Maintenance Cost must not be less than 0 otherwise post an error HIGHWAY Page Number of Lanes must be greater than 0 otherwise post an error Number of Lanes should range from 1 to 16 otherwise post a warning For divided highways the Number of Lanes should be 4 or greater otherwise post a warning Lane Width must be greater than 0 otherwise post an error Lane Width should range from 2 4 to 5 5 m 8 to 18 ft otherwise post a warning Shoulder Width must be greater than 0 otherwise post an error Shoulder Width should range from 0 to 4 5 m 0 to 15 ft otherwise post a warning 70 e Speed Limit must be greater than 0 otherwise post an error Speed Limit should be 70 k
47. ENTS SCREEN e How do I enter the width of the median shoulder Response For divided highways there is an entry for left shoulder width which would correspond to the median shoulder It is assumed that the shoulder widths are the same for both directions of travel For undivided highways there is only a single entry for the right shoulder width which again is assumed to be the same for both directions of travel e Under the location pull down menu for the features there is right median or left How do I tell the program if the feature is on the left or right median side Response There is no separate entry for the left or right median side However since the placement of the feature is in relation to the principal direction of travel the lateral offset of the feature would place it in the proper place on the median For example if you have a 30 ft median and the features e g pipe openings are 8 feet from the edge of the travelway on both sides enter the location as median with lateral offsets of 8 feet and 22 feet respectively FEATURES SCREEN e How do I handle features that are not on the standard list in the program Response You will have to enter the feature that is not on the standard list as a User Defined Feature Under Feature Category select User Defined Feature then select New under Feature Type The program will then prompt you for the needed data which include feature description SI at zero 0 and
48. FINED FEATURE screen as shown in Figure 19 will appear for defining the new feature and its attributes User Defined Feature i x Description ll SI at Zero 0 Impact Speed 0 00 SI at 100km h 62 2 mph Impact Speed 0 00 Average Repair Cost Per Impact 0 00 e Figure 19 USER DEFINED FEATURE Screen A listing of the data entries under the USER DEFINED FEATURE screen is as follows Data Entry Type Description DESCRIPTION Descriptive Enter name of feature SI AT ZERO 0 Numeric Enter severity estimate SI of feature IMPACT SPEED when impacted at a speed of zero 0 km h mph SI AT 100 KM H Numeric Enter severity estimate SI of feature 62 2 MPH IMPACT when impacted at a speed of 100 km h SPEED 62 2 mph AVERAGE REPAIR Numeric Enter estimated average repair cost per COST PER IMPACT impact 31 A descriptive but concise name should be provided for the feature so that it can be easily identified in the future Note that once a user defined feature is created it will be available for all future RSAP runs There are three attributes for a user defined feature e SI at zero 0 impact speed Provide the severity estimate expressed in terms of the Severity Index SI for the feature when impacted at a speed of zero 0 This value is typically zero 0 unless there is an inherent severity associated with the feature such as a vertical drop in elevation e SI at 100 km h 62 2 mph impact speed Provide the s
49. IX REPORTS OPTIONS MESSAGES TOOL BAR STATUS BAR Function Action View change current default option on crash cost figures and heir values The CRASH COST screen will be displayed View change current default option on vehicle mix and their values The VEHICLE MIX screen will be displayed View change list of reports to be displayed and printed The BENEFIT COST RATIO REPORT screen will be displayed Provide access to default settings on units reports crash cost vehicle mix and user defined feature The OPTIONS screen will be displayed View error and warning messages The MESSAGES screen will be displayed Toggle display of tool bar Toggle display of status bar 10 The VIEW menu with the OPEN FILE screen is shown in Figure 5 and the VIEW menu with the MAIN INPUT screen is shown in Figure 6 BER File View Help D Options v Toolbar v Status Bar Figure 5 VIEW Menu for OPEN FILE Screen BEE File View Project Alternative Help Crash Cost Vehicle Mix Reports Options Messages Toolbar v Status Bar Figure 6 VIEW Menu for MAIN INPUT Screen 3 03 PROJECT Menu The PROJECT menu allows the user to analyze the current project change the level of convergence conduct edit and consistency checks on the input data and review change the project settings The available commands and their functions or actions are shown as follows Command Function Action ANALYZE An
50. Lone M tt c Shou Her Wett c SpesdL io kmph Eon inal terene Tack Oh ADT Ted Fic Gre Faces tj Encrachrent Roce Ad peonenc Forte r Random Seed Surber Medion Bean Lonph d Mrd H 3000 oo H tao oo 3 200 oo Credit Exiunp Cmdum SidgcPicia 25 ow oa 4 Rui Colkoor T wa TW on Usdinda B 120 ca 30 130 130 ta I 491 14000 Auu Gamane lernt Curve re Dirazia A0 Right oo Nor 30 La Figure 42 Page 1 of INPUT DATA Report 56 Page 1 ofthe INPUT DATA report shown in Figure 42 summarized the input data from the COST HIGHWAY and SEGMENTS screens for each alternative Note that one of the items reported is the Random Seed Number used with the run As explained previously under Section 4 1 2 PROJECT SETTINGS Screen the results for an identical project will vary from run to run due the randomness of the seed number and the nature of the Monte Carlo simulation For an existing project it may sometimes be desirable to keep the same seed number to eliminate the randomness so that the results can be better compared among runs Y RSAP Beta Test Sample Case rpd Print fex Pa ge j Prev Page Two Page Zoom In Zoom Gut Close Tcadzri Sty Agen Progen Vernon 12 2 Date Ju 18 2002 Tine MiG fp Input Data Report Loge T ib Bare Seu Tea Somple Cac ipd rer Duc rpr bn Sew Tea Cmc Alte mor fw 1 Estolin s Exicing Cond kion Compe rz Tree Eet ele 4 1 Eat lege 77 Om Uia Defiodd E eaus B
51. ROADSIDE SAFETY ANALYSIS PROGRAM RSAP USER S MANUAL NCHRP Project 22 9 Improved Procedures for Cost Effectiveness Analysis Of Roadside Safety Features Prepared for National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Board National Research Council By King K Mak Consultant and Dean L Sicking University of Nebraska June 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page IE eB uii HMM EAE CC VM iii Lister KE ONE vi L ISFERODUCTIQN ee Ee 1 1 1 BACKGROUND EE 1 1 2 STUDY OBIBCLEIVE EE 1 153 OVERVIEW OF RSAP PROGRAM meer 1 1 4 CONTENTS OF USER S MANUAL eor ENNEN ENNEN 2 2 INSTALLATION OF RSAP PROGRAM sseeIIII IH me eene 3 2s SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ege Ee e a deg 3 22 INSTALLATION PROCEDURES en Eege AEN deeg 3 3 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 5 iaostetucsen s binas os ee oe daa an bise ud oa aeo hoe a ode 4 3 1 SCREBNS zur EE 4 SET Parts ofa Sereen uite one d rao SNR a CRUS silber ue 6 34 2 Pants Oh a Dialog BOX dos cse ters Oed borne t o potere 7 3 2 MENUS EE E 8 SOL EIER legt 35 oer D Re 8 3 2 2 VIEW Mem i red re ee Eder khe ie pb he ti reti ren en 10 3 2 3 PROJECT M nu egene 11 3 24 ALTERNATIVE Ment d e eto vas x ee era eda oe dne coins 12 GE EE EE EE GE 13 3 3 BUTTONS ea a a a A r a cT de Ea hea 14 3 4 COMMAND BUTTONS 6 x15 stages ten aaa a ra oe PERI eaa a iA 15 3 5 DATAENTRY EE 15 4 DATA INPO EEN 17 4 1 DATA ENTRY SCREENS EE 17 4 1 1 OPENING FILE Screen 0 c cece cc cee een eme ee
52. SE command if a file name is already established and no modifications have been made the program will close the project and return to the OPEN FILE screen Ifa file name is already established and there are modifications to the data a CONFIRM SAVE dialog box as shown in Figure 36 will appear Click on the YES button if you want to overwrite the existing file with the current data and close the project Click on the NO button if you want to close the project but do not want to want to overwrite the existing file with the current data Click on the CANCEL button if you do not wish to close the project ES 9 Ku Save changes to Beta Test Sample Case rpd Figure 36 CONFIRM SAVE Dialog Box With the SAVE command the program will overwrite the existing file with the current data and then return to the project There is no confirmation request and regardless of whether there are any modifications to the data If a file name is not previously established under the CLOSE or SAVE PROJECT command or if you use the SAVE AS command the SAVE AS dialog box as shown in Figure 37 will appear 49 Cave 00 Save in C3 My Documents Di e ex E3 FinePrint Files l Homework My Pictures Rsap E Beta Test Sample Case rpd File name Beta Test Sample Case mp Save Save as type Proiects rpd DI Cancel Figure 37 SAVE AS Dialog Box Go to the directory or subdirectory you wish to save the project file in and ent
53. ST VEHICLE MIX EDIT FEATURE USER DEFINED FEATURE PRE CALC CHECK MESSAGES PROCESSING BENEFIT COST RATIO REPORT ALTERNATIVE COST REPORT FEATURE COST REPORT INPUT DATA REPORT Function for features of a repetitive nature e g line of utility poles the number of repetitions and spacing between features Provide access to the UNITS REPORTS CRASH COST VEHICLE MIX and EDIT FEATURE data entry screens Select unit of measurement English or SI Select reports to be displayed INPUT DATA BENEFIT COST RATIO ALTERNATIVE COST and FEATURE COST Allow selection of default crash cost figures and revisions to the default values Allow selection of default vehicle mix data and revisions to the default values Allow user to add delete or edit user defined features Provide entries to data regarding a user defined feature including feature description severity indices SI at zero 0 and 100 km h 62 2 mph and average cost per impact Show results of pre calculation checks Show error and warning messages from the pre calculation edit and consistency checks Provide information on the status of project analysis Present the incremental benefit cost B C ratios associated with the alternatives Present the predicted impact frequencies and the annualized crash installation maintenance and repair costs associated with the alternatives Present the predicted impact frequencies average severity
54. TS command or the FILE menu and the PRINT PREVIEW command Four separate reports summarizing the analysis results from the Main Analysis Program and input data are available These four reports in order of appearance are as follows Report Description B C RATIO Presents the incremental benefit cost B C ratios associated with the alternatives in a tabular format for all pairwise combinations of alternatives e g alternative 1 to alternative 2 alternative 2 to alternative 3 and alternative 2 to alternative 3 etc Note that the alternatives are re arranged in ascending order of direct cost 1 e the direct cost of each alternative is higher than that of the previous alternative so that the denominator of the b c ratio will not be negative ALTERNATIVE COST Presents the predicted crash frequencies and the annual installation maintenance and repair costs associated with each of the alternatives in a tabular format FEATURE COST Presents the predicted impact frequencies average severity and crash costs associated with individual features of each alternative in a tabular format INPUT DATA Presents the input data for each alternative in a summary form Descriptions of these reports are presented in the following sections You can select which report s to display and print by clicking on the boxes to the left of the reports in the REPORTS screen see Section 4 2 2 The selected reports are identified by T marks in the box
55. a for Sample Project 2 Baseline Conditions Install Guardrail Data Element Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Cost Data Project Life 25 Years 25 Years Discount Rate 4 0 4 0 Installation Cost 0 6 000 Annual Maintenance Cost 0 0 Highway Data Functional Class Rural Freeway Same Highway Type 4 Lane Divided Same Lane Width 3 7 m 12 ft Same Shoulder Width Right 3 0 m 10 ft Same Left 1 8 m 6 ft Same Speed Limit 112 km h 70 mph Same ADT 15 000 Same Percent Truck 30 Same Traffic Growth Factor 2 0 Y ear Same User Defined Adjustment 1 0 Same Factor Segment Data Segment 1 Segment Length 305 m 1000 ft Same Median Width 18 3 m 60 ft Same Vertical Grade Level Same Horizontal Alignment Curve to Right Same Radius 610 m 2000 ft Feature Data Install Crash Cushion Alternative 3 25 Years 4 096 12 000 0 Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Same Bridge Piers four 0 9 m 3 ft diameter columns spaced 3 6 m 12 ft apart Length 0 9 m 3 ft Same Width 0 9 m 3 ft Same Lateral Offset 8 7 m 28 5 ft Same Distance from Beginning 152 m 500 ft Same of First Segment Repetitions 4 Same Spacing 3 6 m 12 ft Same 89 N A N A N A N A N A N A Table C 2 Input Data for Sample Project 2 Cont d Baseline Conditions Install Guardrail Extend Culvert Data Element Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Feature Data Cont d W Beam Strong Post G
56. alyze the current project The program will automatically conduct the pre calculation checks If there are any errors or warnings the ERROR MESSAGE screen will be displayed If there are no errors or warnings analysis of the project will commence and the PROCESSING screen will be displayed LEVEL OF Select level of convergence for the analysis Three levels of CONVERGENCE convergence are available high medium and low which correspond to 1 0 5 0 and 10 0 percent of convergence 11 Command Function Action SETTINGS Enter view change project title and manner by which the seed number is selected The PROJECT SETTINGS screen will be displayed PRE CALC CHECK Perform edit and consistency checks on the input data The PRE CALC CHECK screen will be displayed The PROJECT menu with the MAIN INPUT screen is shown in Figure 7 MRSAP Beta Test Sample Case rpd 0 x File view Project Alternative Help 3 2 4 Analyze Level of Convergence gt Settings Pre Calc Check Figure 7 PROJECT Menu for MAIN INPUT Screen ALTERNATIVE Menu The ALTERNATIVE menu allows the user to add duplicate or remove an alternative or to go to the previous or next alternative The available commands and their functions or actions are shown as follows Command Function Action ADD Add a new alternative The MAIN INPUT screen for the new alternative will be displayed DUPLICATE Duplicate the current alternative as a new alte
57. analysis An edit check is built into the program such that if any feature extends beyond the end of the last segment the analysis will not be conducted and an error message will be displayed You can switch to another FEATURES screen using the or z command button Note that you can switch only among existing FEATURES screens You can add or insert a new feature using the ADD FEATURE or INSERT FEATURE command button The ADD FEATURE command will add a new feature to the end of the list e g if there are 3 existing features a new feature 4 will be added regardless of the current feature shown The INSERT FEATURE command will add a feature before the current feature e g if there are 3 existing features and the current feature shown is 2 a new feature 2 will be added and the old features 2 and 3 will be renumbered to new features 3 and 4 Finally you can delete the current feature using the REMOVE FEATURE command button 30 4 1 8 USER DEFINED FEATURE Screen While the standard list of features is quite extensive it cannot cover all potential features and there may be situations in which the feature in question is not represented by any of the features in the standard list To allow for such situations the program provides the users with the option to define their own features and its attributes To create a new user defined feature select USER DEFINED FEATURE from the FEATURE CATEGORY list and NEW from the FEATURE TYPE list The USER DE
58. avelway Beginning of First Segment 38m End Terminal Type C Concrete Culvert Headwall 3 1 Intersecting 163 m z Slope Positive Ek Bottom of Ditch 150m N3 1 Intersecting slope Negative e W beam Strong 9 Post Guardrail g E K e d 120 m E 38m End Terminal 116 2m a Et KI E ke e Lateral Offset 2m Beginningof 0 First Segment Figure C 2 b Alternative 2 Install Guardrail Sample Project 1 84 Edge of Travelway Distance from Beginning of First Segment Type C Concrete Culvert Headwall 3 1 Intersecting slope Positive Bottom of Ditch 3 1 Intersecting slope Negative E Lateral 9 Kl Offset E 2 e 10m Ch a Beginning of First Segment 0 Figure C 2 c Alternative 3 Extent Culvert Sample Project 1 85 M RSAP Sample Project 1 rpd ini x E Nest Page Prev Page Two Page Zoom In Zoom Qu Close Roadside Safety Analysis Program Version 2 0 3 Date April 22 2003 Time 1528 33PM Benefit Cost Ratio Report Pago 1 File Name Sample Project 1 rpd Project Description Sample Project 1 Alternative Description Baseline Conditions Culvert Install Guardrail Extend Culvert Aliernative 1 2 0 00 0 00 0 00 Figure C 3 Benefit Cost Ratio Report Sample Project 1 W RSAP Sample Project 1 rpd E x Print IE xt Page Prev Page Two Page Zoom In Zoom Qu Close Roadside Safety Analysis Program version 2 0 3 Dat
59. d crash frequency is increased to 0 5304 crashes per year and the associated crash cost is also increased to 8 271 with an annualized installation cost of 384 and annual repair cost of 31 for a total annual direct 78 cost of 415 For the improvement of installing crash cushions and filling in with concrete between the bridge piers Alternative 3 the predicted annual crash frequency is increased to 0 1306 but the associated crash cost is decreased to 2 461 with an annualized installation cost of 768 and annual repair cost of 21 for a total annual direct cost of 789 Again information is provided on the individual features under the Feature Cost reports for each of the three Alternatives including predicted annual crash frequency average severity and annualized crash cost Figure C 9 a shows the Feature Cost report for the baseline conditions Alternative 1 There is only one feature bridge piers for this alternative but there are four items for this feature denoted as Features 1 1 1 2 1 3 and 1 4 As may be expected the bridge piers on the two ends have higher crash frequency and cost than the two bridge piers in the middle while the average severity is similar among the bridge piers from 6 08 to 6 14 The predicted annual frequency for the four bridge piers combined is 0 0332 with an associated annual crash cost of 2 648 The Feature Cost report for Alternative 2 is shown in Figure C 9 b The predicted annual crash frequ
60. d in this list of screens and will not be discussed in this report It is assumed that users are already familiar with the WINDOWS operating environment The RSAP program utilizes the following screens Screen Function OPEN FILE Create a new project or to open an existing project PROJECT SETTING Provide entry for project description and selection of the manner the seed number will be generated random or specified MAIN INPUT Main screen for data entry Provides entries on alternative description and access to the COST HIGHWAY SEGMENTS and FEATURES data entry screens COST Provide entries on data regarding direct cost computations including project life discount rate total installation cost and annual maintenance cost HIGHWAY Provide entries on general highway data including area type functional class highway type number of lanes lane width shoulder width speed limit average daily traffic ADT nominal percent truck traffic growth factor and user defined encroachment rate adjustment factor SEGMENTS Provide entries on data regarding individual homogeneous segment s including length of segment median type and width percent grade and horizontal curvature FEATURES Provide entries on data regarding roadside feature s including category and type length width location flare rate offset from edge of travelway distance from beginning of first segment and Screen OPTIONS UNITS REPORTS CRASH CO
61. delete or edit user defined features USER DEFINED Provide entries to data regarding a user defined feature FEATURE including feature description severity indices SI at zero 0 and 100 km h 62 2 mph and average cost per impact Detailed descriptions of these screens are provided in the following sections 4 1 OPEN FILE Screen When the RSAP program is first initiated the OPEN FILE screen as shown in Figure 12 will appear The OPEN FILE screen allows the user to create a new project file or to open an existing project file To create a new project file click on the NEW FILE button or click on the FILE menu and then the NEW PROJECT command The PROJECT SETTINGS screen will then appear see section 4 1 2 for details on the MAIN INPUT screen To open an existing project file click on the OPEN FILE button or click on the FILE menu then the OPEN PROJECT command and the OPEN FILE dialog box will appear as shown in Figure 13 A list of available input data files with the extension of RPD in the current directory or subdirectory will be displayed Enter the name of the project file you wish to open in the space provided under FILE NAME and click on the OPEN button or press ENTER Alternately select the file you wish to open from the list of available input data files and double click on the file name or single click on the file name which will then be highlighted and then click on the OPEN button or press ENTER The MAIN INPUT scr
62. ditions should be kept in the other alternatives unless they are removed replaced or modified For example a fixed object under the baseline conditions should be included in the alternative where guardrails are installed to shield the fixed object since an impacting vehicle could penetrate the guardrail and strike the fixed object Arrange the new features in order of ascending distance from the beginning of the first segment It is probably easier from the data entry standpoint to add the new features to the end of list after the existing features from the baseline conditions Enter the project data Some users have found it helpful to develop a data entry form to record the data before entering the data into the program Select the level of convergence and analyze the project It is advisable to use the high level of convergence only for the final runs Use a low or medium level of convergence in the initial runs to cut down on the processing time The program will run the pre calculation checks before continuing with the analysis Keep in mind that there are two different types of checks and messages error and warning Errors must be corrected before the program would proceed with the analysis Warnings are intended to bring to the attention of the users data entries that are outside of the normal ranges just in case the data is entered incorrectly However users can ignore the warnings and proceed with the analysis SAMPLE PROJECT 1 Th
63. down terminal on the trailing end a crashworthy terminal is not needed for the trailing end since the traffic is one way in the direction of travel The guardrails are offset 6 1 m 20 ft from the edge of the travelway However since the guardrails are located in the median and the data entries are in accordance with the principal direction of travel the offsets are therefore 6 1 m 20 ft for the near side guardrail and 12 2 m 40 ft for the far side guardrail A width of 0 5 m 1 5 ft is used for both the guardrails and the terminals The installation cost for the approach guardrails is 6 000 The second candidate improvement Alternative 3 as shown in Figure C 6 c is to fill in the spaces between the bridge piers with concrete so that the bridge piers essentially become a concrete barrier and place non redirective crash cushions on both ends of the bridge piers Thus Feature 1 for Alternative 3 is no longer bridge piers but replaced by a TL 3 median barrier with a length of 11 9 m 39 ft and a width of 0 9 m 3 ft The lateral offset for the concrete barrier is the same as the bridge piers at 8 7 m 28 5 ft The other two features are the two non redirective crash cushions i e arrays of sand barrels with a length of 8 5 m 28 ft and a width of 1 8 m 6 ft The installation cost is 12 000 Note that a warning is posted for the 30 percent truck traffic in the vehicle mix from the pre calculation checks Any percentage of trucks o
64. dth is 3 7 m 12 ft and the shoulder width is 3 0 m 10 ft on the right and 2 0 m 6 5 ft on the left median side The highway has a speed limit of 112 km h 70 mph with an ADT of 12 000 vehicles per day 30 0 percent truck and an annual traffic growth of 2 0 percent The highway section is 305 m 1 000 ft long level curved to the right with a radius of 610 m 2 000 ft and has a median width of 18 3 m 60 ft Since the highway section is homogeneous with respect to vertical grade horizontal curve and median type and width only a single segment is needed Note that the length of the segment was selected arbitrarily The baseline conditions consist of a single feature four 0 9 m 3 ft diameter bridge piers spaced 3 6 m 12 ft apart as shown in Figure C 6 a The bridge piers are represented by a user defined feature with severity indices SI of 0 0 and 9 0 at impact speeds of zero 0 and 100 km h 62 2 mph respectively There are four repetitions i e four bridge piers and the 77 spacing is 3 6 m 12 ft The bridge piers are offset 8 7 m 28 5 ft from the edge of the travelway The first candidate improvement Alternative 2 as shown in Figure C 6 b is to install W beam strong post guardrails to shield the bridge piers one for each direction of travel Each guardrail is represented by three features 1 a 76 2 m 250 ft long length of need section 2 a crashworthy TL 3 terminal on the leading end and 3 a turn
65. e April 28 2003 Time 15 29 05PM Alternative Cost Report Page 2 File Name Sample Project 1 pd Project Description Sample Project 1 Alternative Description Baseline Conditions Culvert Install Guardrail Extend Culvert Expected Crash Alternative Frequency Acc Yr 0 022632 0 041633 0 001529 Figure C 4 Alternative Cost Report Sample Project 1 86 RSAP Sample Project 1 rpd lai xi Print i Prev Page Two Page Zoom In Zoom Out Close Roackice Safety Analysis Program Version 20 3 Date April 28 2003 Feature Cost Report File Name Project Description Sample Project 1 rpd Sample Project 1 Alternative 1 Description Baseline Conditions Culvert Distance From Beginning Of Expected Crash Average Annual Crash Feature First Segment Freg Acc Year 14 21 3 1 492 1 0 011309 492 1 0 010657 5151 0 000666 Severity 6 48 6 50 226 Cost 2983 91 1362 96 021 Category Culvert End Intersecting Slopes Intersecting Slopes Type TypeC H 2 4 m 8 ft 3 1 Negative H 20 m 7 ft 3 1 Positive H gt 1 0 m 3 ft Figure C 5 a Feature Cost Report Sample Project 1 Alternative 1 M RSAP Sample Project 1 rpd Print Prev Page Two Page Zoomin Zoom Out Close eni x Roackide Safety Analysis Program Version 2 0 3 Date April 23 2003 Feature Cost Report File Name Project Description Sample Project 1 rpd Sa
66. e first hypothetical sample project pertains to the treatment of a culvert headwall on a resurfacing project This sample project is similar to the one shown in Appendix A of the 2002 Roadside Design Guide Note that the sample project is greatly simplified with roadside features entered only for the right side of the roadway 74 C 2 1 Project Data Table C 1 summarizes the input data for this sample project The highway is a two lane undivided highway with a functional classification of rural minor arterial Lane width is 3 7 m 12 ft and the shoulder width is 2 0 m 6 5 ft The highway has a speed limit of 100 km h 60 mph with an ADT of 5 000 vehicles per day 10 0 percent truck and an annual traffic growth of 2 0 percent As discussed previously the highway section is broken down into segments with homogeneous geometrics including horizontal curvature vertical grade and median type and width For the sample project only the vertical grade comes into play for selecting the segments since this is an undivided highway with a straight horizontal alignment The highway section has a 3 0 percent downgrade followed by a 150 m 492 ft long vertical curve and then a 3 0 percent upgrade Thus the highway section is broken down into three segments The first segment is 100 m 329 ft long with a downgrade of 3 0 percent The second segment is 150 m 492 ft long and level representing the vertical curve The third segment is 100 m 329 ft
67. e the USER DEFINED FEATURE to define the feature and its attributes More details on the use of USER DEFINED FEATURE are provided in the next section RSAP Beta Test Sample Case rpd anl xl File View Project Alternative Help Dc ie t fia A f High Convergence Project BeaTettase Alternative 1 Baseline Existing Conditions of 3 Description pes Conditions Bridge Piers Cost Highway Segments Features r Feature 1 of 4 Category Type 1 Foreslopes fio 4 1 Foreslope gt 2 0m DI Location Right Offset From Edge of Travelway m 3 048 Distance from Beginning of First Length m 228 6 Segment in o Width m e 096 Flare N Repetition o lt gt Add Feature Insert Feature Remove Feature Figure 18 FEATURES Screen Enter the length and width of the feature The location of the feature is in reference to the direction of travel For undivided and one way highways the feature may be located on the right or left side of the highway For divided highways the feature may be located on the right side of the highway the median or on the far left side of the highway beyond the travel lanes in the opposing direction of traffic The lateral offset of the feature is measured from the edge of the travelway i e edge line or edge of pavement if there is no edge line to the face of the feature For undivided and one way highways and the right and left entries for divided
68. e work space is where you enter edit or view the data e Status bar The status bar at the bottom of the screen provides brief descriptions of the buttons displayed in the button bar The three boxes to the right of the status bar show the status of the CAPS LOCK NUM LOCK and SCROLL LOCK keys e Command buttons The command buttons located near the bottom of the workspace allow you to execute the available commands shown in the buttons 3 1 2 Parts of a Dialog Box Note that some of the screens listed above are actually dialog boxes without the typical elements of a screen Figure 2 shows an example of a dialog box Units Reports Crash Cost Vehicle Mix Edit Feature r Set Projects Units Englist Units C S Units Figure 2 Typical Dialog Box The key elements of a dialog box are e Title bar The title bar at the top of the screen shows the title of the dialog box e Work space The work space is where you enter edit or view the data e Command buttons The command buttons located near the bottom of the work space allow you to execute the available commands shown in the buttons 32 MENUS The following is a list of menus used with the User Interface Program Some or all these menus may appear on the menu bar depending on the screen The functions of these menus are as follows Menu Function FILE Create open save close or print a project input data file VIEW View options for default setti
69. ect prior to printing The BENEFIT COST RATIO REPORT screen will be displayed PRINT SETUP Set up the printer The PRINT SETUP dialog box will be displayed EXIT Exit the RSAP program You will be offered the option of saving or not saving the current project file prior to exiting from the program if the file has been modified The FILE menu with the OPEN FILE screen is shown in Figure 3 and the FILE menu with the MAIN INPUT screen is shown in Figure 4 M RSAP No Project Opened El Sl File View Help New Project Ctrl N Open Project Ctr O Print Setup 1Beta Test Sample Case rpd 2 Version 1 1 10 Test 4 rpd 3 Version 1 1 9 Test 41 rpd 4 Version 1 1 8 Test 2 rpd Exit Alt F4 Figure 3 FILE Menu for OPEN FILE Screen Y RSAP Beta Test Sample Case rpd 10 x File View Project Alternative Help New Project Ctrl N Open Project Ctrl O Close Save Project Ctrl 5 Save As Print Ctrl P Print Preview Print Setup 1 Beta_Test_Sample_Case rpd 2 Version 1 1 10 Test 4 rpd 3 Version 1 1 9 Test 41 rpd 4 Version 1 1 8 Test 2 rpd Exit Figure 4 FILE Menu for MAIN INPUT Screen 3 2 2 VIEW Menu The VIEW menu allows the user to view options for default settings and values reports and error and warning messages and to toggle display of the tool bar and status bar The available commands and their functions or actions are shown as follows Command CRASH COST VEHICLE M
70. eeeeecetceeeeeeees 59 APPENDIX A LIST OF FEATURE CATEGORIES AND TYPES AND SEVERITY ESTIMATES noes sede cae E tain RN Ee EE 60 APPENDIX B LIST OF PRE CALCULATION CHECKS eee ece cece eens 70 APPENDIX C SAMPLE APPLICATIONS ccseeee cece cece eee e e cease cece cece 73 APPENDIX D FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 0c cece ccc cece ence eee ee 97 il LIST OF FIGURES Figure No Page 1 Typical Screen Eege EE 6 2 Typical Dialog BOX ioesdaseorrey Ae bo pet desdus eebe ta nen Mee pdas Uo pale Feu om otl 7 3 FILE Menu for OPEN FILE Screen e dE ANEN 9 4 FILE Menu for MAIN INPUT Screen sssssssssse eme eere 10 5 VIEW Menu for OPEN RECETTE EEN 11 6 VIEW Menu for MAIN INPUT Screen sc isoeses seal pecie Taco ener epe Nee 11 7 PROJECT Menu for MAIN INPUT Screen sessssssssssssee eem enne 12 8 ALTERNATIVE Menu for MAIN INPUT Screen ssseseeeeee 13 9 HELP Menu tor OPEN FILE Screen uns vont eon eo bog Ned e MGR RA 13 10 HELP Menu for MAIN INPUT Screen 13 11 Multiple choice Data Entty gt sineresia EP EH AETERNE SU NT MS 16 12 OPEN FILE E 19 13 OPEN Dialog BOX uoto eebe E C ebe Gelee 19 14 PROJECT SETTINGS Sereen 5 ENEE EN REES 20 15 MAIN INPUT EE 21 16 HIGHWAY Screen EE 23 17 SEGMENTS Screen TEE 25 18 FEATURES Screen EEN 29 19 USER DEFINED FEATURE Screen dE 31 20 OPTIONS Sereen eege E EE E aA atte EEEE E tS I 33 iii Figure No 2 22 23 24 25 26 27
71. een showing data for the selected project input data file will appear for editing or processing see Section 4 1 3 for details on the MAIN INPUT screen 18 i Len No Project Opened Figure 12 OPEN FILE screen a RSAP2 Project Info on Kalamazoo e Beta_Test_Sample_Case rpd Figure 13 OPEN FILE Dialog Box 19 4 1 PROJECT SETTINGS Screen Upon selecting the command to create a new input data file the PROJECT SETTINGS screen as shown in Figure 14 will appear You can also call up this screen by clicking on the PROJECT menu and then the SETTINGS command Project Description m Seed Number Ce Random Seed Number Recommended for New Projects C Specified Seed Number Recommended for Runs under the Same Project B Note Please refer to Chapter IV of the Engineer s Manual regarding seed number and the Monte Carlo simulation technique tamea Figure 14 PROJECT SETTINGS Screen The PROJECT SETTINGS screen provides for entry of the project title and selection of the manner in which the seed number is to be determined random or specified The default is random seed number in which case the computer will generate at random a different seed number for each run For a new project the random seed number option is recommended Due to the randomness of the seed number and the nature of the Monte Carlo simulation the results for an identical project will vary from run to run For an exist
72. efined Feature Bridge Pier 13 5240 0 002996 6 11 379 84 User Defined Feature Bridge Pier 14 536 0 0 014678 614 480 54 User Defined Feature Bridge Pier v gt Page 3 NUM A Figure C 9 a Feature Cost Report Sample Project 2 Alternative 1 M RSAP Sample Project 2 rpd ll Xl Print Prey Page Two Page zoom In Zoom Dut Close Dag Safety Analysis Program Version 2 0 3 Date April 22 2003 Feature Cost Report File Name Sample Project 2 rpd Project Description Sample Project 2 Alternative 2 Description Install Guardrail Distance From Expected Beginning Of Crash Average Annual Crash Feature First Seg ment Freq Acc Year Severity Cost Category Type 11 500 0 0 002530 6 13 254 28 User Defined Feature Bridge Pier 5120 0 000636 6 26 3987 User Defined Feature Bridge Pier 524 0 0 000631 6 30 37 49 User Defined Feature Bridge Pier 5360 0 003256 6 19 50 97 User Defined Feature Bridge Pier 311 5 0 025862 384 267 98 Terminals and Crash Cushions TL 3 Guardrail T erminal 3240 0 197585 445 3512 20 Longitudinal Barriers TL 3 Guardrail 5740 0 013707 518 549 60 Terminals and Crash Cushions Turned D own Terminal 439 5 0 024672 512 838 36 Terminals and Crash Cushions Turned D own Terminal 464 5 0 247226 426 2557 65 Longitudinal Barriers TL 3 Guardrail 7120 0 014101 382 162 55 Terminals and Crash Cushions TL 3 Guardrail T erminal PON Lan amp Lal r rn Figure C 9 b Feature Cost Report Sample Project 2 A
73. eleciton will be deleted Concrete Vertical wall Cancel Figure 30 CONFIRM Dialog Box To edit an existing feature click on the feature that you wish to edit from the list of features shown in the window The selected feature will be highlighted then click on the EDIT button to edit the feature The USER DEFINED FEATURE screen shown previously in Figure 19 will appear with the current data on the attributes of the feature Upon completion of the editing click on the OK button to return to the EDIT FEATURE screen You may click on the CANCEL button any time to return to the EDIT FEATURE screen without editing the selected feature 44 V DATA CHECKING AND PROCESSING 5 1 DATA CHECKING A series of pre calculation checks are built into the program to check the data entries a list of which is shown as Appendix B There are three types of checks 1 Edit checks 2 Range checks and 3 Consistency checks Edit checks include checking for alphanumeric entries in numeric fields and the maximum number of alternatives sections and hazards All errors from edit checks are hard checks i e the program will not analyze the project until errors from the edit checks are corrected Range checks compare a data entry to some predetermined range for that particular data entry The range is shown in the status bar on the bottom of the screen for the current data entry For example the range for the number of lanes is selected to be
74. ency and cost for Feature 1 bridge piers are reduced to 0 0072 and 383 respectively However the two installed guardrails length of need sections and terminals combined have a predicted annual crash frequency of 0 5232 with an associated annual crash cost of 7 888 It is apparent from this report that this is not a viable alternative The Feature Cost report for Alternative 3 1s shown in Figure C 9 c The longitudinal barrier Feature 2 which replaces the bridge piers by filling in the spaces between the bridge piers increases the predicted annual crash frequency to 0 0467 but reduces the annual crash cost to 819 The two non redirective crash cushions Features 1 and 3 also have higher predicted annual crash frequency of 0 0839 but the associated annual crash cost is only 1 642 Overall this safety improvement greatly increases the crash frequency but reduces the average crash severity SI thus resulting in a lower overall annual crash cost 79 Table C 1 Input Data for Sample Project 1 Baseline Conditions Data Element Alternative 1 Cost Data Project Life 25 Years Discount Rate 4 0 Installation Cost 0 Annual Maintenance Cost 0 Highway Data Functional Class Rural Minor Arterial Highway Type 2 Lane Undivided Lane Width 3 7 m 12 ft Shoulder Width 2 0 m 6 5 ft Speed Limit 100 km h 60 mph ADT 5 000 Percent Truck 10 0 Traffic Growth Factor 1 0 Y ear User Defined Adjustment 1 0 Factor Segment Data Segment 1
75. er the name of the file in the space provided under FILE NAME and click on the SAVE button or press ENTER The extension of RPD will be automatically added to the file name It is recommended that the extension RPD be used with the file name for consistency and ease of retrieval in the future However you may use any extension or no extension if you so choose If you wish to save the file under an existing file name click on the name of the file you wish to use from the list of input data files in the directory or subdirectory The file name will be highlighted Then click on the SAVE button or press ENTER The REPLACE dialog box as shown in Figure 38 will appear asking if you want to replace the existing file Click on the YES button to confirm replacing the existing file Click on the NO button if you want to cancel the command and the program will return you to the SAVE AS dialog box previously shown in Figure 37 SS Sl AN C Beta_Test_Sample_Case rpd already exists Do you want to replace it Figure 38 REPLACE Dialog Box 50 VI REPORTS 6 1 REPORTS Upon completion of data processing by the Main Analysis Program the PROCESSING COMPLETED dialog box shown previously in Figure 34 will appear indicating that the processing has been completed Click on the OK button and the program will automatically switch to display of the reports You may also access the reports at any time by clicking on the VIEW menu and then the REPOR
76. es It is generally recommended that all four reports be included for display but select only the reports you want to print to avoid printing unnecessary pages The B C RATIO report is typically the first page to be displayed if it is selected As explained previously in Section 3 3 BUTTONS there are a number of buttons in the tool bar for the users to review of the reports 51 Button Function Action PRINT Print report NEXT PAGE Go to next page of report PREV PAGE Go back to previous page of report TWO PAGE ONE PAGE Toggle between showing the reports in either a two page or one page format ZOOM IN Zoom in on the display ZOOM OUT Zoom out on the display CLOSE Close REPORT screen and return to MAIN INPUT screen 6 1 1 BENEFIT COST RATIO REPORT The B C RATIO report an example of which is shown in Figure 39 is a one page report presenting the incremental benefit cost B C ratios associated with the alternatives in a tabular format The following information is provided in B C RATIO report Date and time of the report Project identification including the file name and project description Alternatives and descriptions Table showing the pairwise B C ratios among the alternatives The number at row 1 and column 2 is the B C ratio of Alternative 2 to Alternative 1 Similarly the B C ratio of Alternative 3 to Alternative 1 is the number at row 1 and column 3 and the B C ratio of Alternative 3 to Alternative 2 is the
77. everity estimate expressed in terms of the Severity Index SI for the feature when impacted at a speed of 100 km h 62 2 mph A linear relationship is assumed i e the SI increases linearly with increase in impact speed The rate of increase in SI per unit speed is calculated by dividing the difference in SI at 100 km h 62 2 mph and at zero 0 by 100 or 62 2 depending on the unit of speed used Rate of Increase in SI Slioo SIo 100 or 62 2 e Average repair cost per impact Once a user defined feature is created the name of the feature will appear in the list for feature types whenever the USER DEFINED FEATURE category is selected and you can select the feature for use in current and future projects You can edit the attributes of any user defined features from the EDIT FEATURE screen more details of which will be presented in a later section 4 1 9 Alternatives After completing all data entries for the first or baseline alternative proceed to data entry for the second alternative by clicking on the ADD ALTERNATIVE button or click on the ALTERNATIVE menu and then the ADD command Note that when a new alternative is added data entries from the first alternative will automatically be copied to the new alternative since many of the entries will remain unchanged among the alternatives The user will only have to edit those entries that are different in the new alternative without re entering data entries that remain unchanged Thi
78. from Beginning of First Segment Crashworthy End Terminals Length Width Lateral Offset Distance from Beginning of First Segment 6 0 m 20 ft 20 m 66 ft 2 8 m 8 ft 157 m 515 ft N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A Same Same Same Same 70 m 230 ft 0 5 m 1 5 ft 2 m 6 5 ft 120 m 393 ft Upstream 3 8 m 12 5 ft 0 5 m 1 5 ft 2 m 6 5 ft 116 2 m 381 ft Upstream 190 m 623 ft Downstream 81 Extend Culvert Alternative 3 Same 12 5 m 41 ft 10 3 m 34 ft Same Same 12 5 m 41 ft 10 3 m 34 ft Same N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A N A Lane Width 3 7 m Shoulder Width 2m Shoulder SE Ge Ss ZER echt E 2 Lane Undivided Principle Direction Highway of Travel Shoulder Beginning of d Principle Direction First Segment of Travel Vertical Curve Level Segment 2 150 m PROFILE Figure C 1 Highway Plan and Profile Sample Project 1 82 Distance from Beginning of First Segment Beginning of First Segment Figure C 2 a Edge of Travelway Type C Concrete Culvert Headwall 3 1 Intersecting slope Positive Bottom of Ditch 3 1 Intersecting slope Negative 150m o 9 9 H e EET ime e Width 0 3 m RS g Lateral offset 2 5 m amp Length 13m 6m 83 Alternative 1 Baseline Condition Sample Project 1 Ditch Configuration Edge of Distance from Tr
79. hat the percentages will add up to 100 percent 4 20 5 EDIT FEATURE Screen The EDIT FEATURE screen as shown in Figure 29 allows the user to add delete or edit the user defined features and their attributes 42 Units Reports Crash Cost Vehicle Mix Edit Feature Brdge Her Concrete Vertical Wall Add Delete Figure 29 EDIT FEATURE screen To add a new feature click on the ADD button and the USER DEFINED FEATURE screen shown previously in Figure 19 will appear Details on how to enter data for this screen were discussed previously in Section 4 1 9 USER DEFINED FEATURE Screen and will not be repeated herein Upon completion of data entry click on the OK button to return to the EDIT FEATURE screen Note that the name of the newly added feature will be added to the existing list of user defined features in the window You may click on the CANCEL button any time to return to the EDIT FEATURE screen without adding a new feature To delete an existing feature click on the feature that you wish to delete from the list of features shown in the window The selected feature will be highlighted then click on the DELETE button to delete the feature A CONFIRM dialog box as shown in Figure 30 will appear to confirm that you wish to delete the feature Click on the OK button to complete the deletion or the CANCEL button to return to the EDIT FEATURE screen without deleting the feature 43 Kaap K The Following s
80. he end of the last segment This ensures that all encroachments will be accounted for regardless of the location of the feature within the segments e Can I use my own repair cost for a feature Yes you can create a new feature under user defined features and enter your own severity estimates and repair costs REPORTS e What does it mean when I have a negative benefit cost ratio A negative benefit cost B C ratio indicates that the safety improvement under consideration has a negative benefit i e it increases crash costs instead decreasing them Note that the denominator on direct costs is always positive Negative B C ratios occur mostly frequently for safety improvements such as shielding of a fixed hazard with guardrails which reduce the frequency and severity of impacts with the fixed hazard but create additional impacts with the guardrails e What are the ALTERNATIVE COST and FEATURE COST reports for The ALTERNATIVE COST report provides more detailed information on the benefits and costs associated with each alternative The B C ratios could sometimes be misleading and should not be used without checking on the benefits and costs of individual alternatives For example for alternatives that have small differences in direct costs i e installation plus maintenance and repair costs the value of the denominator for the B C ratio would be very small and random fluctuations in the benefits or accident costs could result in sign
81. ificant changes in the B C ratio The FEATURE COST report provides detailed information on the accident frequency severity and cost for each feature These figures provide users with information on how the alternatives affect each of the features and where the benefit i e reduction in accident costs are coming from 100
82. igure 27 Units Reports Crash Cost Vehicle Mix Edit Feature User Defined Vehicle Types 820 kg Passenger Car 1410 kg Passenger Car 2000 kg Passenger Car Small Pickup Truck Mini Van Full Size Pickup Truck CS Speciality Vehicle 7 8000 kg Light Truck 2 13500 kg Light Truck Z 13500 kg Combination Truck Empty 7 36000 kg Combination Truck Van Trailer 2 36000 kg Combination Truck Tank Trailer LS D TE _ GE GE M GE Figure 27 VEHICLE MIX Screen for Vehicle Type Enter the percentage of the vehicle population for each of the 12 vehicle types in the spaces provided except for the small car 820 kg passenger car Note that the box for this data entry is shaded and not available for data input This is to assure that the percentages will add up to 100 percent 41 The VEHICLE MIX screen for user defined vehicle mix distribution by vehicle category is shown in Figure 28 Units Reports Crash Cost Vehicle Mix Edt Feature User Defined Vehicle Categories m Passenger Car fi 00 Light Truck o Single Unit Truck CT D Combination Truck d Figure 28 VEHICLE MIX Screen for Vehicle Category Enter the percentage of the vehicle population for each of the 4 vehicle categories in the spaces provided except for passenger cars Again the box for this data entry is shaded and not available for data input to assure t
83. ined as the distance from edge of travelway to edge of travelway For undivided highways three different scenarios are provided no median painted median or two way left turn lane The median width should be 0 0 for no median the width of the painted median or the width of the two way left turn lane respectively For one way roadways enter not applicable for median type and 0 0 for median width The vertical grade can be upgrade or blank or downgrade in reference to the direction of travel and is expressed as a percentage There is no provision for vertical curves i e crest of hill or bottom of sag Thus vertical curves will have to be approximated as the 26 approach grade or level i e as a V shape or a trapezoidal shape depending on the length and curvature of the vertical curve For horizontal curvature there are two associated entries DIRECTION OF CURVE and RADIUS OF CURVE Only the entry for DIRECTION OF CURVE is shown initially For a tangent section enter NONE For a curved segment indicate if the direction of curve is LEFT or RIGHT in the direction of travel and the entry for RADIUS OF CURVE will appear Enter the radius of the curve in the space provided You can switch to the next or the previous SEGMENTS screen using the or 4 command button respectively Note that you can switch only among existing SEGMENTS screens You can add or insert a new segment using the ADD SEGMENT or INSERT SEGMENT command butt
84. ing project it may be desirable to keep the same seed number to eliminate the randomness so that the results can be better compared among runs The seed number used with each run is shown as part of the INPUT DATA REPORT To select the specified seed number option select the SPECIFIED SEED NUMBER option and enter the seed number in the space provided then click on the OK button or press ENTER As with all WINDOWS applications you may cancel any action and exit the screen by clicking on the CANCEL button 4 1 3 MAIN INPUT Screen Upon creating a new input data file or opening an existing input data file the MAIN INPUT screen as shown in Figure 15 would appear 20 BRSAP Beta Test Sample Case rpd c ni x File View Project Alternative Help Dci ux 9 9 High Convergence Project fetaTestCae Alternative 1 Baseline Existing Conditions of 3 Description pem Conditions Bridge Piers Cost Highway Segments Features Life years Total Installation Cost p Discount Rate SI mmm Annual Maintenance Cost Figure 15 MAIN INPUT Screen If you are creating a new project input data file all the entries will show the default values If you are opening an existing project input data file the data entries for the existing project will be shown From the MAIN INPUT screen you can take the following data entry actions e Enter description of current alternative in the space provided No
85. long with an upgrade of 3 0 percent The lengths of the first and third segments were selected arbitrarily A schematic of the plan and profile of the highway section is shown in Figure C 1 The baseline conditions consist of a 13 m 43 ft long 2 m 6 5 ft high Type C concrete culvert headwall located in segment 2 as shown in Figure C 2 a The culvert headwalls have a lateral offset of 2 5 m 8 ft from the edge of the travelway The ditch for the culvert is 2 m 6 5 ft deep with a 1 m 3 ft wide flat bottom and 3 1 slopes on either side The baseline conditions are modeled with three features l Type C concrete culvert headwall Feature category is Culvert End and feature type is Type C 2 4 m 8 ft Height 25 Front slope of ditch Feature category is Intersecting Slopes and feature type is 3 1 Negative 2 0 m 7 ft 3 Back slope of ditch Feature category is Intersecting Slopes and feature type is 3 1 Positive gt 1 0 m 3 ft The first candidate improvement Alternative 2 as illustrated in Figure C 2 b is to install a W beam strong post guardrail to shield the culvert headwall and the intersecting slopes The guardrail is offset 2 m 6 5 ft from the edge of the travelway or 0 5 m 1 5 ft in front of the culvert headwall with a length of 70 m 230 ft plus crashworthy end terminals at both the upstream and downstream ends of the guardrails with no flare A length of 3 8 m 12 5 ft is used
86. lt to keep track of the features and their incremental effects as the number of features increase Also if a feature remains unchanged among the alternatives e g a roadside slope it is not contributing to either the benefits or costs of the alternatives and all it does is increasing processing time e Arrange the features in order of ascending distance from the beginning of the first segment This makes checking of the features easier Make sure that the features do not overlap each other 1 e occupying the same space Sometimes a feature may have to be 73 CA broken into multiple features due to differences in the impact severity e g guardrail and guardrail terminals Make sure that these features are arranged such that the end of one feature is the beginning of the next feature For example the end of the upstream guardrail terminal should coincide with the beginning of the guardrail length of need section and the end of the guardrail length of need section should coincide with the beginning of the downstream terminal Gather applicable information on alternatives Note that highway and segment data elements seldom change from alternative to alternative Most of the changes are in the cost and feature items Keep in mind that Alternative 1 baseline conditions must have the lowest installation cost i e the installation costs for other alternatives cannot be lower or equal to that of Alternative 1 Features from the baseline con
87. lternative 2 95 ini x M RSAP Sample Project 2 rpd Print ext Page Prev Page Two Page Zoom In Zoom Qut Close Roackice Safety Analysis Program Version 2 0 3 Date April 22 2003 Feature Cost Report File Name Sample Project 2 rpd Project Description Sample Project 2 Alternative 3 Description Install Crash Cushions and Fill in Concrete between Piers Distance From Expected Beginning Of Crash Average Annual Crash Feature First Segment Freq Acc Year Severity Cost Category Type 11 471 0 0 046724 472 819 44 Terminals and Crash Cushions N on Redirecting TL 3 Crash Cushion 24 500 0 0 052665 393 892 94 Longitudinal Barriers TL 3 Median Barrier 31 5370 0 031220 471 748 58 Terminals and Crash Cushions N on Redirecting TL 3 Crash Cushion xf Figure C 9 c Feature Cost Report Sample Project 2 Alternative 3 96 APPENDIX D Frequently Asked Questions GENERAL e I ran the same project several times and the results are different Why Response With the Monte Carlo simulation approach the results will vary from run to run if the random seed number option is selected under Project Settings If you wish to keep the results consistent among runs on the same project for comparison purposes select the specified seed number option in the Project Settings dialog box and enter the seed number used for the initial run which is provided in the INPUT DATA report For typical applications it is
88. m h 45 mph or greater otherwise post a warning e Percent Truck must be in the range of 0 to 100 otherwise post an error If Percent Truck is greater than 25 percent then post a warning e ADT must be greater than 0 otherwise post an error If ADT is greater than 200 000 post a warning e Traffic Growth Factor should range from negative 10 percent to positive 10 percent otherwise post a warning e Encroachment Rate Adjustment Factor must be greater than 0 otherwise post an error SEGMENT Screen e Segment Length must be greater than zero otherwise post an error e If Median Type is No Median Undivided Highway or Not Applicable then Median Width must be zero otherwise post an error e If Median Type is Median of Divided Highway Painted Median Undivided Highway or Two Way Left Turn Lane Undivided Highway then Median Width must be greater than zero otherwise post an error Median Width should be between 1 2 and 35 m 4 to 115 ft otherwise post a warning e Percent Grade must be within the range of 25 to 25 otherwise post an error If the Percent Grade is less than 15 or greater than 15 post a warning e Radius of Curve must be greater than 25 m 80 ft otherwise post an error If the curve radius is greater than 25 m 80 ft but less than 60 m 200 ft then post a warning FEATURES Screen e Length must be greater than 0 if not then an error will be posted e Width must be greater than
89. mple Project 1 Alternative 2 Description Install Guardrail Distance From Beginning Of Expected Crash Annual Crash Cost Category Type Feature First Segment Freg Acc Year 1 1 2 1 31 41 51 61 492 1 0 001561 492 1 0 003406 5151 0 000263 3812 0 002832 393 7 0 031986 6234 0 001585 85 10 Culvert End 529 26 Intersecting Slopes 0 10 Intersecting Slopes 339 29 Terminals and Crash Cushions 1767 38 Longitudinal Barriers 139 31 Terminals and Crash Cushions TypeC H2 24 m 8 f 3 1 Negative H 2 0 m 7 ft 3 1 Positive H gt 10 m 3 f TL 3 Guardrail T erminal TL 3 Guardrail TL 3 Guardrail T erminal Figure C 5 b Feature Cost Report Sample Project 1 Alternative 2 87 M RSAP Sample Project 1 rpd El x Print IB Prev Page Two Pane Zoomin Zoom Out Close Roadside Safety Analysis Program Version 2 0 3 Date April 23 2003 Feature Cost Report File Name Sample Project 1 rpd Project Description Sample Project 1 Alternative 3 Description Extend Culvert Distance From Expected Beginning Of Crash Feature First Segment Freg Acc Year i Category Type 11 492 1 0 001231 Culvert End Type C H 24 m 8 ft 21 492 1 0 000263 Intersecting Slopes 3 1 Negative H 2 0 m 7 ft 31 5151 0 000035 Intersecting Slopes 3 1 Positive H gt 10 m 3 f af Figure C 5 c Feature Cost Report Sample Project 1 Alternative 3 88 Table C 2 Input Dat
90. n oul hod al Smd Soda amp Fill io Basen Budge Pos Annus Anual Annual ENpeaed Crath Crh Incealbcon Ma intenance Akemarise Fregene r t Ceci tt TENE 81494 ooo om 2 comms KIK 5l 000 3 D zimg 144421 KAL Jop 00 Figure 40 ALTERNATIVE COST Report The ALTERNATIVE COST report provides the breakdown on the crash and direct costs associated with each alternative Note that the direct cost for an alternative is the sum of the installation maintenance and repair costs 6 1 3 FEATURE COST REPORT The FEATURE COST report an example of which is shown in Figure 41 is a one page report for each alternative summarizing the crash and direct costs of each alternative in a tabular format The following information is provided in ALTERNATIVE COST report 54 Date and time of the report Project identification including the file name and project description Alternative description Table showing for each feature of the alternative its distance from the beginning of the first segment the expected annual crash frequency average severity annualized crash cost and the feature category and type Y RSAP Sample_Case rpd Print Prev Page Two Page Zoom In Zoom ut Close Raide Saty Ardy Progem version 1 14 03 Dac hnc 19 Wi Tre diep Feature Cost Report Lee i Tib Bow Sanpk Cmcipd jr es lwcrpren Zempk Car Akematiba 1 Decrptbn H xtngCondkkant E rides Ton Diron From HNpeced Bernn re OF Accent rame Accide
91. n of salvage values would have minimal effect on the benefit cost ratio calculations and is therefore not included to reduce the number of input data elements 22 4 1 5 HIGHWAY Screen The HIGHWAY screen as shown in Figure 16 provides entries on general highway data including area type functional class highway type number of lanes lane width shoulder width speed limit average daily traffic ADT nominal percent truck traffic growth factor and encroachment rate adjustment factor Y RSAP Beta_Test_Sample_Case rpd lolx Fie View Project Alternative Help Dc Hie t lug fv F High Convergence Project baTesCme 0 Alternative 1 Baseline Existing Conditions of 3 Description peni Conditions Bridge Piers Cost Highway Segments Features Area Type Fucntional Class Highway Type fuel ba Collector Two Way Undivided be Total Number of Lanes 2 ADT Current Y ear f 500 Lane Width rm D 6576 Percent Trucks 15 Shoulder Width m f 8288 Traffic Growth Factor 2 Encroachment Rate n Adjustment Factor 1 Speed Limit km h E 5133 Figure 16 HIGHWAY Screen A listing of the data entries under the HIGHWAY screen is as follows Data Entry Type Description AREA TYPE Multiple Choice RURAL Default is RURAL URBAN 23 Data Entry Type Description FUNCTIONAL CLASS Multiple Choice FREEWAY Default is FREEWAY PRINCIPAL MAJOR ARTERIAL MINOR ARTERIAL COLLECTOR
92. neral mouse and keyboard techniques When you are ready to run the installation program I 2 3 Insert the CD ROM into the CD ROM drive The installation wizard should come up automatically If not click on START then RUN and type in D or whatever the CD ROM drive is INSTALLRSAP EXE and click on OK or press ENTER Follow the on screen instructions to install the RSAP program The program will automatically complete the installation of the RSAP program to your computer including Unzip all the files Create a subdirectory C PROGRAM FILES NCHRP RSAP or another directory that you specify Copy all executable and default data files onto the subdirectory Copy WINDOWS system related files 1 e DLL INI GID and HLP files into the appropriate WINDOWS system directories Install an icon on the desktop and a menu item under PROGRAMS for the RSAP program IIl GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS This chapter provides general instructions on the basics of using the RSAP program The RSAP program is designed to work in a WINDOWS environment with screens menus icons command buttons and dialog boxes 3 1 SCREENS The term screen as used in the context of this report is a general term to denote any window or dialog box that pertain specifically to the input processing and output of the RSAP program Windows and dialog boxes common to all WINDOWS applications such as OPEN FILE CLOSE FILE PRINT SETUP etc are not include
93. ngs and values reports and error and warning messages and to toggle the display of the tool bar and status bar PROJECT Analyze the project change the level of convergence conduct edit consistency checks on the input data or view change the project settings ALTERNATIVE Add duplicate or remove an alternative or go to the previous or next alternative HELP Access help information Each menu provides a list of commands or access to another screen of information More details on the menus are presented in the following sections 3 2 1 FILE Menu The FILE menu when opened contains various commands for working with an input data file The available commands and their functions or actions are shown as follows Note that some or all of these commands may be shown in the menu Command Function Action NEW PROJECT Create a new project file The PROJECT SETTINGS screen will be displayed Command Function Action OPEN PROJECT Open an existing project file The MAIN INPUT screen will be displayed CLOSE Close current project file You will be offered the option of saving or not saving the current file if the file has been modified SAVE PROJECT Save current project file under the existing file name SAVE AS Save current project file under a different file name The SAVE AS dialog box will be displayed PRINT Print reports of the current project The PRINT dialog box will be displayed PRINT PREVIEW Preview reports of the current proj
94. ns may appear on the screen depending on the screen Command buttons specific to the RSAP program and their functions or actions for the various screens are shown as follows Button Function Action SEGMENTS SCREEN Go to next segment Go back to previous segment ADD SEGMENT Add new segment INSERT SEGMENT Insert new segment after current segment REMOVE SEGMENT Delete current segment FEATURES SCREEN Go to next feature Go back to previous feature ADD FEATURE Add new feature INSERT FEATURE Insert new feature after the current feature REMOVE FEATURE Delete the current feature There are other command buttons used with various dialog boxes and windows such as OK OPEN SELECT CANCEL etc These command buttons are commonly used with WINDOWS applications and are self explanatory Descriptions of these command buttons and their functions or actions are provided in the discussions of the dialog boxes and windows and will not be repeated here 3 5 DATA ENTRY When a data entry screen is first selected the cursor will be at the first data entry which is highlighted and the default value for the data entry will be shown If you want to keep the default value press ENTER or TAB and the cursor will automatically move to the next data entry If you want to enter a value different from that of the default value enter the data and then press ENTER or TAB to move to the next data entry You can move forward to the nex
95. nt Tesmre Tine Segment Freq Aar Severi Compe ey Tre II oo l9439 fuialipa d l Fa alos Y t m DIE 3 3 Use Dif Eenue coms Use Died Eenue oom a Use Dif Eenue 0000733 Dec Dled Faw 0 2040 Fmobpo 4 1 Fa alos v t m amp 0017 SAn Usi Df Faure BudgcPia 000523 Usi Df Eenue BudgcPia oomas Ue Df Feu BudgcPia amp 00 l Uzi Ddiod Eenue BudgcPia Figure 41 FEATURE COST Report The FEATURE COST report provides the users with information on the individual features and how the safety improvements in the alternatives affect the crash frequency severity and cost associated of these features 55 6 1 4 INPUT DATA Report The INPUT DATA report summarizes the input data and has three pages for each alternative Examples of pages 1 2 and 3 are shown in Figures 42 43 and 44 respectively Each report page has the following general information e Date and time of the report e Project identification including the file name and project description Alternative description ample_Case rpd pap Beta Print 10 x Prev Page Two Page Zoom In Zoom But Close Rami Salty uly Poyan Vernon 1 121 Tuck Junc 12 2002 Tine 1445 SAP Input Data Report lege T ile Banne Tro pct Dea rp cbn San To Sample Cmc ipd San Tout es Akemara lpaorelne Mkr nd tien Deccrigcion Lye x Tres nees lbc en Chee 9 Annus IM nenonce Cee 5 Dicunt Ban Ares Trpo Tuncivnal Chee Highway Type Busch rolLane
96. on The ADD SEGMENT command will add a new segment to the end of the list e g if there are 3 existing segments a new segment 4 will be added regardless of the current segment shown The INSERT SEGMENT command will add a segment before the current segment e g if there are 3 existing segments and the current segment shown is 2 a new segment 2 will be added and the old segments 2 and 3 will be renumbered to new segments 3 and 4 Finally you can delete the current segment using the REMOVE SEGMENT command button Note that the segments will renumber automatically upon removal of a segment 4 1 7 FEATURES Screen The FEATURES screen as shown in Figure 18 provides entries on data regarding roadside features including feature category and type length width location offset flare rate offset distance from beginning of first segment and for features of a repetitive nature e g line of utility poles the number of repetitions and spacing A listing of the data entries under the FEATURES screen is shown as follows Data Entry Type Description CATEGORY Multiple Choice Default is 1 FORESLOPES FORESLOPES BACKSLOPES PARALLEL DITCHES INTERSECTING SLOPES FIXED OBJECTS CULVERT END LONGITUDINAL BARRIERS TERMINALS AND CRASH CUSHIONS 9 MISCELLEANEOUS USER DEFINED FEATURE DO co gy DAE G2 poo TYPE Multiple Choice Feature type within category See Default is 1 FLAT GROUND Appendix A for list of feature types Data Entry
97. r decreased to 417 with an annualized installation cost of 960 Figure C 5 a shows the Feature Cost report for Alternative 1 Information is provided on each feature of Alternative 1 including predicted annual crash frequency average severity and annualized crash cost Feature 1 culvert headwall accounts for most of the crash frequency and associated crash cost for the baseline conditions with a predicted crash frequency of 0 0113 per year an average severity index SI of 6 48 and an associated annual crash cost of 2 984 For Feature 2 front slope of ditch the predicted crash frequency is 0 0107 per year with an average severity index SI of 6 50 and an associated annual crash cost of 1 363 Feature 3 back slope of ditch has a predicted crash frequency of 0 0007 per year with an average severity index SI of 2 26 and an associated annual crash cost of 0 21 76 Note that the extremely low predicted crash frequency and cost for Feature 3 does not necessarily mean that the feature is not struck but rather it is an artifact of the algorithm used in the program When a vehicle impacts two or more features only the impact with the highest severity is counted Since the front slope of the ditch and the culvert headwall essentially shields the back slope of the ditch and it has the lowest severity only a fraction of the impacts with the back slope of the ditch is counted The Feature Cost report for Alternative 2 is shown in Figure C
98. ridge Prev Farola 4 1 Foralags 772 Ooo Uso Defined Eens Figure 43 Page 2 of INPUT DATA Report 57 MRSAP Beta Test Sample Case rpd Print E Prev Page Iwo Page Zoom In Zoom ut Close Raimi Salty Krulyrm wogan Venon 1 1 15 Doce Jum 18 02 Time Iddl PH Input Data Report epe 8 T ib Fore See To Zeng Cmc ipd ImjpetDecrptbn Seu Ten Ce Almar ve 1 Bacelin ixicing Cond kien Jonn Lenghile Width FhreEsn Locsin Offred t Direna Eegeckent Spocing 7500 200 000 Right lo oo 30 ooo Righe Ito Soa 4 EE wo Donn Lan too oo 30 ooo th Ito EZ d iso Figure 44 Page 3 of INPUT DATA Report Pages 2 and 3 of the INPUT DATA report summarize the input data from the FEATURES screen for each alternative Page 2 of the report as shown in Figure 43 tabulates the features with information on the category and type for each feature For repetitive features each feature is listed and identified as 1 2 3 etc where represents the number of the feature 6 1 5 Clearing of Reports It should be noted that any change to the project settings or inputs would automatically cause all the reports to be cleared This purpose of this re initiation of the reports is to ensure that the reports would always correspond to the project settings and input data Once a change is 58 made to the project settings or input data the input data report will be updated and may no longer correspond to the previous repo
99. rnative The MAIN INPUT screen for the new alternative will be displayed PREVIOUS Display previous alternative The MAIN INPUT screen for the previous alternative will be displayed NEXT Display next alternative The MAIN INPUT screen for the next alternative will be displayed REMOVE Delete current alternative The MAIN INPUT screen for the previous alternative will be displayed The ALTERNATIVE menu with the MAIN INPUT screen is shown in Figure 8 12 M RSAP Beta Test Sample Case rpd File View Project Alternative Help Add Duplicate Previous Next Remove Figure 8 ALTERNATIVE Menu for MAIN INPUT Screen 3 2 5 HELP Menu The HELP menu provides access to the on screen HELP file Alternatively you can press F1 to access the on screen HELP file The HELP menu is available for all screens The available commands and their functions or actions are shown as follows Command Function Action HELP TOPICS List contents of help topics ABOUT RSAP View RSAP version and general information The HELP menus for the OPEN FILE screen and the MAIN INPUT screen are shown in Figures 9 and 10 respectively WRSAP No Project Opened Enix File View Help ES Help Topics About RSAP Figure 9 HELP Menu for OPEN FILE Screen RSAP Beta_Test_Sample_Case rpd R el File View Project Alternative Help Help Topics About RSAP Figure 10 FILE Menu for MAIN INPUT Screen 13 33 BUTTONS A series
100. rrier 0 0 0 1944 4 93 9 TL 3 Portable Barrier 0 0 0 1944 4 93 10 Other TL 2 Portable Barrier 0 0 0 1944 4 93 11 Other TL 3 Portable Barrier 0 0 0 1944 4 93 12 TL 1 Bridge Rail 0 0 0 1944 4 93 13 TL 2 Bridge Rail 0 0 0 1944 4 93 14 TL 3 Bridge Rail 0 0 0 1944 4 93 15 TL 4 Bridge Rail 0 0 0 1944 4 93 16 TL 5 Bridge Rail 0 0 0 1944 4 93 17 TL 6 Bridge Rail 0 0 0 1944 4 93 Note Rate of slope is based on lateral velocity Via V sin0 where V is the impact velocity and 0 the impact angle The values provided under heading SI at 60 mph are for impact speed of 60 mph and 25 degrees Category 8 Terminals and Crash Cushions 1 Blunt End 0 0 0 0862 5 17 2 Cable Guardrail Terminal 0 0 0 0500 3 00 3 Turned down Terminal 0 0 0 0715 4 29 4 Sloped End PCB Terminal 0 0 0 0568 3 41 5 BCT MELT 0 0 0 0695 4 17 6 TL 2 Guardrail Terminal 0 0 0 0550 3 30 7 TL 3 Guardrail Terminal 0 0 0 0524 3 14 8 Redirecting TL 2 Crash Cushion 0 0 0 0568 3 41 9 Redirecting TL 3 Crash Cushion 0 0 0 0568 3 41 10 Non redirecting TL 2 Crash Cushion 0 0 0 0637 3 82 11 Non redirecting TL 3 Crash Cushion 0 0 0 0637 3 82 Category 9 Miscellaneous 1 Barrier Penetration 0 0 0 2100 5 32 2 Rollover Top of Barrier 0 0 0 2300 5 83 3 Rollover in Front of Barrier 0 0 0 2300 5 83 68 DITCH HEIGHT HEIGHT DITCH Type A Type B NY DITCH H s H Leen HEIGHT i E Type C Type D Type E DITCH F HEIGHT t 5 Figure A 1 Culvert End Types APP
101. rts 6 2 PRINTING THE REPORT To print the selected reports click on the PRINT button on the report display screens or the PRINT button on the tool bar or click on the FILE menu and then the PRINT command The PRINT dialog box as shown in Figure 45 will appear C NENNEN 00594 r Printer Name FinePrint 2000 Properties Status Ready Type FinePrint 2000 Where FPR4 Comment Print to file Print range Copies All Number of copies 1 C Pages from 1 to 14 p sl E Collate Selection 2 3 Cancel Figure 45 PRINT Dialog Box You can specify the printer and its properties the print range and number of copies from the dialog box then click on the OK button or press ENTER to start printing You can also change the setup for the printer from this dialog box or by selecting the PRINTER SETUP command under the FILE menu 59 APPENDIX A List of Feature Categories and Types and Severity Estimates SI at Rate of SI at Type No Description 0 mph Slope 60 mph Category 1 Foreslopes l Flat Ground 0 0 0 0078 0 47 10 1 H lt 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0138 0 83 3 10 1 H gt 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0186 1 11 4 8 1 H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0158 0 95 5 8 1 H gt 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0222 1 33 6 6 1 H lt 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0270 1 62 7 6 1 H gt 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0286 1 72 8 4 1 H lt 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0242 1 45 9 4 1 H 0 3 m 1 ft 0 0 0 0378 2 27 10 4 1 H gt 2 0 m 7 ft 0 0 0 04
102. s Appendix A shows a list of feature categories and types and the associated severity estimates Appendix B lists the edit range and consistency checks built into the program Appendix C provides details on the two sample problems included with the RSAP installation program Appendix D provides answers to some frequently asked questions Il INSTALLING THE RSAP PROGRAM This chapter outlines the steps to install the RSAP program onto your computer including the system requirements and installation procedures 2 1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS To run the RSAP program your computer must be a PC and have the following A Pentium III or better platform The program will work on older platforms but the computation time will be excessively long and is therefore not recommended The computer should have a hard drive and a CD ROM drive Memory A minimum of 128 Mb RAM memory is recommended Disk space A minimum of 10 MB disk space on the hard drive is required for the program The two manuals would require another 15MB if you wish to install them onto the hard drive Mouse The use of a mouse is recommended Operating system The program will work with WINDOWS 95 98 Me NT 2000 and XP operating systems 2 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURES The RSAP installation program is provided on one CD ROM which also contains the two manuals Before running the installation program you should have a good understanding of the WINDOWS operating environment and ge
103. s The outputs reflect something that is counter intuitive When I increase the accident cost figures the accident costs increase as expected but the accident frequencies also increases I expect that the accident frequency should stay the same regardless of the accident cost figures Response This is an artifact of how accident frequency is estimated in the RSAP program To simplify the tracking process and thus the processing time accident frequency is determined by dividing total accident cost with average impact severity Since you are changing accident costs but not the impact severity you would 97 proportionally increase the accident frequency This is usually not a problem since an agency would use only one set of accident cost figures for all their analyses Unfortunately the RSAP program is the wrong tool for what you are trying to evaluate e I analyzed the project previously and reviewed the project reports But now all the project reports are showing blanks What happened Response It is likely that you have made some changes to the project settings or data inputs that would automatically cause all the reports to be cleared COST SCREEN e Can I have different project life and discount rate for different alternatives Response You may have different project life for different alternatives but there is only one discount rate Since all costs are expressed on an annualized basis different project life is not a problem
104. s reduces the amount of data entry for subsequent alternatives This process will be repeated until data entries are completed for all the alternatives There is also the option of duplicating the current alternative as a new alternative by clicking on the DUPLICATE ALTERNATIVE button or click on the ALTERNATIVE menu and then the DUPLICATE command This option is used in situations where the user wishes to duplicate data entries from the current alternative instead of data entries from the first or baseline alternative Upon completion of the data entries for all alternatives the user may then proceed with the pre calculation checks and analysis details of which will be presented in the next Chapter 32 4 22 OPTIONS SCREEN The program provides users with the option to change and edit the following default values used in the display or calculations of the program unit of measurement reports to be displayed crash cost figures vehicle mix data and edit user defined features The OPTIONS screen as shown in Figure 20 can be accessed by clicking on the VIEW menu and then the OPTIONS command Units Reports Crash Cost Vehicle Mix Edit Feature r Set Projects Units Englist Units C SI Units Cancel Figure 20 OPTIONS Screen From the OPTIONS screen you may access the following default data entry screens Screen Function UNITS Select unit of measurement English or SI 33 Screen Function
105. t Cost B C Ratio report analysis results for this sample project The B C ratio for installing a guardrail over existing conditions i e Alternative 2 v Alternative 1 is 4 33 indicating that this safety treatment is cost beneficial The B C ratio for extending the culvert over existing conditions Alternative 3 v Alternative 1 is 4 09 indicating that this safety treatment is also cost beneficial However the B C ratio for extending the culvert over installing a guardrail Alternative 3 v Alternative 2 is 3 96 suggesting that extending the culvert may be the more cost beneficial treatment Thus based on the benefit cost analysis results a designer would select extending the culvert as the safety treatment for this sample project The Alternative Cost report shown in Figure C 4 shows the predicted annual crash frequency the annualized crash cost and the annualized direct cost items installation maintenance and repair For the baseline conditions Alternative 1 the predicted crash frequency is 0 0226 per year with an associated crash cost of 4 347 For the improvement with guardrail installation Alternative 2 the predicted crash frequency is increased to 0 0416 per year but the associated crash cost is decreased to 2 860 with annualized installation and repair costs of 343 For the improvement extending the culvert Alternative 3 the predicted crash frequency is reduced to 0 0015 per year and the associated crash cost is furthe
106. t data entry by pressing the TAB key or backward to the previous data entry by pressing the SHIFT and TAB keys together and the current data entry will not be changed You can also move to any data entry on the screen and any part of the data entry by clicking on the desired location of that data entry with the mouse Note that when you access 15 a data entry with the mouse the data entry will not be highlighted and it will be in an insert mode instead of a replace mode There are three basic forms of data entries 1 Descriptive For a descriptive entry such as the title of the project or description of an alternative enter the description in the space provided The length of the entry is limited by the space available Abbreviations are necessary if the length of the entry is more than the available space 2 Multiple Choice A DOWN ARROW shown on the right of the data entry identifies a multiple choice data entry Click on the DOWN ARROW and the list of choices will appear in a window An example of a multiple choice data entry is shown in Figure 3 Category H Foreslopes DI 1 Foreslopes a aay 2 Backslopes 3 Parallel Ditches 4 Intersecting Slopes 5 Fixed Objects 6 Culvert End 7 Longitudinal Barriers 8 Terminals and Crash Cushions 3 Miscellaneous User Defined Feature Figure 11 Multiple Choice Data Entry You can scroll through the choices using the UP and DOWN or LEFT and RIGHT ARROW keys or use
107. te that the first alternative is typically the baseline or existing condition e Access the COST HIGHWAY SEGMENTS or FEATURES screens for data entry or editing for the current alternative by clicking on the name of the corresponding folder e Switch to another alternative add a new alternative duplicate the current alternative as a new alternative or delete the current alternative The MAIN INPUT screen will start with the first alternative which is the baseline or existing condition You can then add other alternatives as appropriate The data entered or shown on the COST HIGHWAY SEGMENT and FEATURE screens will pertain to the alternative currently shown When you switch to another alternative the data on these screens will change to the new alternative automatically When an alternative is deleted all data on the COST 21 HIGHWAY SEGMENT and FEATURE screens corresponding to that alternative will be deleted automatically e Review entered data for the project You can review the entered data by going through the individual COST HIGHWAY SEGMENT and FEATURE screens for each of the alternatives or by using the INPUT DATA REPORT for each of the alternatives To access the reports click on the VIEW menu and then the REPORTS command 4 1 4 COST Screen The COST screen is also shown as part of the MAIN INPUT screen in Figure 15 providing entries on direct cost figures pertaining to the specific alternative A listing of the data
108. ts to the Main Analysis Program After processing by the Main Analysis Program the User Interface Program then takes the outputs from the Main Analysis Program and presents the results to the users The transfer of data files between the User Interface Program and the Main Analysis Program is in ASCII format for simplicity and ease of file transfer 1 4 CONTENTS OF USER S MANUAL This User s Manual is one of two reports prepared under this study The other report is the Engineer s Manual The User s Manual provides reference for users on the operations of the RSAP program The Engineer s Manual is intended as a reference document for users who are interested in the details of the procedure including descriptions of algorithms source materials validation and calibration results discussions of limitations sample applications and research needs There are five additional chapters in this User s Manual e Chapter II Installation This chapter outlines instructions for installing the RSAP program onto the computer e Chapter III General Instructions This chapter provides general instructions on the use of the RSAP program e Chapter IV Data Input This chapter provides instructions on how to input the data into the program e Chapter V Data Processing This chapter describes how to process the input data e Chapter VI Reports This chapter describes the reports available from the program In addition there are four appendice
109. uardrail Length N A 76 2 m 250 ft N A Width N A 0 5 m 1 5 ft N A Lateral Offset N A 6 1 m 20 ft Near Side N A 12 2 m 40 ft Far Side Distance from Beginning N A 98 8 m 325 ft Near Side N A of First Segment 141 6 m 464 ft Far Side Crashworthy End Terminals Upstream Length N A 3 8 m 12 5 ft N A Width N A 0 5 m 1 5 ft N A Lateral Offset N A 6 1 m 20 ft Near Side N A 12 2 m 40 ft Far Side Distance from Beginning N A 95 m 312 5 ft Near Side N A of First Segment 217 m 714 ft Far Side Turned Down End Terminals Downstream Length N A 7 6 m 25 ft N A Width N A 0 5 m 1 5 ft N A Lateral Offset N A 6 1 m 20 ft Near Side N A 12 2 m 40 ft Far Side Distance from Beginning N A 175 m 575 ft Near Side N A of First Segment 134 m 439 ft Far Side Vertical Concrete Wall Concrete Fill In between Piers Length N A N A 11 9 m 39 ft Width N A N A 0 9 m 3 ft Lateral Offset N A N A 8 7 m 28 5 ft Distance from Beginning N A N A 152 m 500 ft of First Segment Non Redirective Crash Cushion Length N A N A 8 5 m 28 ft Width N A N A 1 8 m 6 ft Lateral Offset N A N A 8 2 m 27 ft Distance from Beginning N A N A 143 5 m 472 ft Upstream of First Segment 163 7 m 539 ft Downstream 90 Lane Width 3 7 m Median ri 18 3 m Distance from Beginning of First Segment Edge of Travelway Lateral Offset 8 7m Four 0 9 m Dia Bridge Piers 162 8 m 9
110. ure that the B C ratio is not an artifact of some other factors 52 M RSAP Beta Test Sample Case rpd Bl x Nest Page Prey Page Two Page Zoom In Zoom Gut Close Brong Zaftry ralvm a Programe wermtn III Dac pni DI 1001 Time iridia Benefit Cost Ratio Report n d Pb bae Pen Tee Sarpe Cu md Fryser Dvacri orina Rem Tcu Com wipid Barre C cncdiacos Drege Pere traced Curius Sard Ramie amp AI ingcecn Badger Pici gies 1 1 Figure 39 BENEFIT COST RATIO Report 6 1 2 ALTERNATIVE COST REPORT The ALTERNATIVE COST report an example of which is shown in Figure 40 is a one page report summarizing the crash and direct costs of each alternative in a tabular format The following information is provided in ALTERNATIVE COST report Date and time of the report Project identification including the file name and project description Alternatives and descriptions Table showing for each alternative the expected crash frequency crash cost installation cost maintenance cost and repair cost associated with the alternative Note that all figures are on an annual basis 53 RSAP Beta_Test_Sample_Case rpd malki Print Prev Page Iwo Page Zoom In Zoom Gut Close Pain Salty Hulya Poan Vernon 1 223 Dac June 12 2002 Tine 1404 SSPi4 Alternative Cost Report Lege 2 Tib Berne San Toi Sample Cmc ipd Iro pct Dee rp ctn Ban Tote Akemacie Decerepeion Ewu Condiunm Budge Da
111. ver 25 percent will receive such a warning to make the entry is correct but it will not affect the analysis of the project C 3 2 Reports Figure C 7 shows the Benefit Cost Ratio report for this sample application The B C ratio for installing a guardrail over existing conditions is 713 61 The negative B C ratio indicates that this safety treatment actually increases the crash cost and is not cost beneficial The B C ratio for installing crash cushions and filling in between the bridge piers over existing conditions is 0 24 indicating that this safety treatment is also not cost beneficial Based on the benefit cost analysis results one may conclude that no safety treatment is needed at the site However it should be noted that the results of the benefit cost analysis is only an approximation The crash costs for the two alternatives are very close and slight variations in the simulation results could produce different conclusions More importantly there may be other considerations beyond the cost benefit analysis Thus a designer may still select the safety treatment of installing crash cushions and filling in between the bridge piers for this sample project even with a B C ratio of less than 1 0 The Alternative Cost report is shown in Figure C 8 The predicted annual frequency for the baseline condition Alternative 1 is 0 0332 with an associated crash cost of 2 648 For the improvement with guardrail installation Alternative 2 the predicte

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