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IMPCO Large Engine Catalog - IMPCO Technologies Europe

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1. 132 SAFETY READ BEFORE PERFORMING ANY SERVICE MAINTANENCE OR REPAIR ON THE FUEL SYSTEM There are safety regulations and standards that must be followed when installing or servicing gaseous fuel equipment on large engines It is highly recommended you obtain and read the following National Fire Protection Association NFPA guidelines NFPA 37 Combustion Engines NFPA 52 CNG Vehicular Fuel Systems NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas Codes NFPA 58 LP Gas Storage NFPA 59 LP Gas Utility Plants NFPA 59A LN Gas Storage and Handling To order these documents contact the National Fire Protection Agency at 800 344 3555 or go to www nfpa org expand the Codes and Standards menu and click on Document List and Code Cycle Information to order online There are state standards and regulations enforced by the state fire marshal in most states In Texas the Texas State Railroad Commission sets standards There may be other local standards set by counties cities and municipalities Be sure to consult all regulatory agencies to assure adherence to all standards in enforcement Safety in the workplace is everyone s responsibility Regardless of the type work you do it is very important that you pay attention to what you are doing for your safety and the safety of those around you The following points are things to keep in mind when working on internal combustion engines and gaseous fuel system
2. Multiply By To Obtain Cubic inches 2 143x105 Cubic yards Cubic meters 106 Cubic centimeters Cubic meters 35 31 Cubic feet Cubic meters 61023 Cubic inches Cubic meters 1308 Cubic yards Cubic meters 264 2 Gallons Cubic meters 103 Liters Cubic meters 2113 Pints liq Cubic meters 1057 Quarts liq Cubic yards 7 646x105 Cubic centimeters Cubic yards 27 Cubic feet Cubic yards 46656 Cubic inches Cubic yards 0 7646 Cubic meters Cubic yards 202 Gallons Cubic yards 764 6 Liters Cubic yards 1616 Pints liq Cubic yards 807 9 Quarts liq Cubic yards per min 0 45 Cubic ft per sec Cubic yards per min 3 367 Gallons per sec Cubic yards per min 12 74 Liters per sec Days 24 Hours Days 1440 Minutes Days 86400 Seconds Decameters 10 Meters Decigrams 0 1 Grams Deciliters 0 1 Liters Decimeters 0 1 Meters Degrees angle 60 Minutes Degrees angle 0 01745 Radians Degrees angle 3600 Seconds Degrees per sec 0 01745 Radians per sec Degrees per sec 0 1667 Revolutions per min Degrees per sec 0 002778 Revolutions per sec Dekagrams 10 Grams Dekaliters 10 Liters Diameter squared 0 7854 Area of a circle Diameter squared 3 1416 Area of a sphere Drams 1 772 Grams Drams 0 0625 Ounces Dynes 39360 Newtons Dynes 1 020x10 3 Grams Dynes 7 233x10 5 Poundals Dynes 2 248x10 6 Pounds Dynes per sq cm 1 Bars Ergs 9 48x10 11 BTUs Ergs 1 Dyne centimeters Ergs 7 376x10 8 Foot pounds Ergs 1 020x10 3 Gram centimeters 2007 IMPCO Tec
3. Aluminum Hard Anodized Stainless Steel optional Power Aluminum Hard Anodized High Carbon Steel Optional O ring SOS Et MM PP Buna N Fluorocarbon optional Fasteners amp Power Carbon Steel Zinc plated and baked IIS EP High Carbon Steel Zinc plated and baked None Required Safety N A Engine User Producer Responsibility Emissions Certification N A Engine User Producer Responsibility Each fuel requires a unique gas valve and jet combination Requires AB1 31 3 J1 33 oversize power jet and W1 63 power valve 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 25 June 2007 H m gt Module 2 Module 3 Module 4 Module 5 ari gt Z pte sans SEN S de XH SIZ 600VF3 Modules June 2007 26 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc B Model 600VF3 The IMPCO VARIFUEL 600VF3 is a gaseous fuel carburetor of the concentric flow air valve type It is designed to be a direct replacement for the IMPCO 200T and IMPCO 600 carburetors A precision gas metering valve is attached to the air valve Both the air and gas valve motions are linear in relation to volumetric flow The air fuel ratio is controlled by the adjustable power valve shape of the gas metering valve and th
4. Per LEE DE redet 30 PSI Backtlre Peak tmt te et nn ST E e M TM as 60 PSI etait 960 CFM 2 HG Depression 2 17 WOT Horsepower Rating al et ele dio dude dnos 540 BHP Naturally Aspirated ii ii mentides See Gas Valve Chart on page 31 Air Fuel Adjustments Low o deed Regulator Pressure External to Carburetor HIG MD Power Screw 10 Turns Temperature Limits ES 250 F Max SOA ACK Gremi n 320 F Materials Air Valve body B1 3096 iiri Ede o Ru odd ess Aluminum Hard Anodized Air Valve Re ent a te ane Aluminum Hard Anodized Gas Body BT 31 2 sa sots Roa Aluminum Hard Anodized Air Valve Cover C1 32 Aluminum Hard Anodized Inlet Housing A2 16 or 2 22 ee ttn Aluminum Hard Anodized Throttle Body 72 17 T2 67 or 2 80 Aluminum Hard Anodized Diaphragm D1 20 3 ie on tQ o t RE bed es cttm f ite Fluorosilicone audes BUSHIngs xta sie oce pcne PPS Plastic Glass and PTFE filled Gas LP Aluminum Hard Anodized Gas JB
5. f T2 80 Throttle Body 600VF3 Installation Dimensions NG600VF3X 8 2 wi A2 27 Downdraft x with T2 80 for less than 400 BHP per carburetor For 200T Replacement Caterpillar G399TA 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 36 June 2007 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 37 June 2007 VIG Ole VARIFUEL 600VF3D Duplex Carburetor 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 38 June 2007 Model 600VF3D Specifications Fueli Type Ree eee ees RE EMI Propane amp LPG 50 50 Propane Butane Natural Gas 85 Methane Digester Gas 56 72 Methane Landfill Gas 45 56 Methane Operating Pressures Gas Inlet to tei 5 H20 over Air Inlet idle setting Ar Inlet MAXIMUM beh Eo p P exe Es 30 PSI Backfire Peaks nhi citt ttu ede ie if eur boca rat ARE 60 PSI Airflow Capacity ene 1600 CFM Q 2 HG Depression T2 18 WOT Horsepower Rating 1000 BHP Naturally Aspirated See 600VF3 Gas Valve Chart on page 31 Air Fuel Adjustments LOW OA Regulator Pressure External to Carburetor Power Screw 10 Turns Temperature Limits Max Opera emanen 250 F SOAKD ACK ad ESE EE trees IC 320 F Materials Air Valve body B1 30 6 oerte pe p HR e ecl tela Aluminum Hard Anodized Air Valve WV TS oa derent
6. Power Valve 20 75 Belleville Washer t 1 25 Power Jet E SS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSNS EM nell L Tj Gas Inlet Module Figure 34A 600VF3 Gas Inlet Module Digester Gas or Landfill Gas 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 80 June 2007 gt I ML Ip L 2 rr 7 1 05 Power Valve Power Jet 1 0 NNS Wal Cd VZ ASSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS EM Gas Inlet Module TI LI Figure 34B 600VF3 Gas Inlet Module NG or Propane Reassembly 1 Install the new Power Valve onto the Power Adjust Screw The Belleville washer used on the 400VF3 and the 600VF3 DG LFG applications are installed with the concave side towards the screw see figures 34 and 34A 2 Install a new Nylock nut N1 22 onto the Power Adjust Screw and tighten it to 38 42 in lbs 3 Referring to figures 34 through 34B orient the Power Jet correctly and install it into the Gas Inlet Valve seat it firmly and squarely in place by hand 4 If you had to remove the Gas Inlet and Mixer Modules from the Throttle Body reinstall them now with a new gasket 5 Before reconnecting the fuel inlet pipe using a pocket ruler measure the distance from the outside face of the fuel inlet to the flange face of the power jet measurement A on figure 35 Mark the fuel pipe the same distance from th
7. Hg 3 24 17 68 Hg 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 132 June 2007 IMPCO 3030 South Susan St e Santa Ana CA 92704 e www impcotechnologies com
8. bolt pattern AA2 22 6 00 In line Sand cast 6 00 hose connection Module Group Il 600VF3 Mixer air valve diaphragm spring body cover AB1 30 6 Updraft S2 32 1 spring fluorosilicone diaphragm AB1 30 6H Updraft high flow S2 123 spring fluorosilicone diaphragm Waukesha Turbo AB1 30 6X Downdraft S2 32 2 spring fluorosilicone diaphragm 1 30 65 Sidedraft S2 32 3 spring fluorosilicone diaphragm AB1 30 6SL Sidedraft short piston S2 32 3 spring fluorosilicone diaphragm Turbo Dravv through usage Module Group Ill Gas Valve Jet Kit gas valve jet screw O ring amp label CKV2 21 3 Natural gas stoichiometric w J1 23 also for Propane w EB converter CKV2 62 Natural gas enrichment AFC for catalysts A 1 1 1 3 w J1 22 CKV2 63 Natural gas ultralean A 1 4 to 1 6 w J1 23 CKV2 64 Digester gas 540 640 BTU ft stoichiometric w J1 25 CKV2 116 Digester gas ultralean 540 640 BTU f w J1 24 CKV2 65 Landfill gas 450 540 BTU ft stoichiometric w J1 25 CKV2 69 Landfill gas 450 540 BTU ft w J1 25 10 H2O column gas pressure CKV2 94 Natural gas throttling AFC for catalysts A 85 1 05 w J1 24 CKV2 96 LPG stoichiometric w J1 22 All gas valve kits except CKV2 69 are designed to operate w 5 H2O column gas inlet pressure Module Group IV Gas Inlet body power screw jet gaskets amp bolts AB1 31 2 J1 32 power jet amp V2 60 power valve natural gas amp LP
9. 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 125 June 2007 Multiply By To Obtain Kilometers 0 6214 Miles Kilometers 1093 6 Yards Kilometers per hr 27 78 Centimeters per sec Kilometers per hr 54 68 Feet per min Kilometers per hr 0 9113 Feet per sec Kilometers per hr 0 5396 Knots Kilometers per hr 16 67 Meters per min Kilometers per hr 0 6214 Miles per hr Kilometers per min 60 Kilometers per hr Kilowatt hours Appox 1 Average noon sunlight on 1 sq meter Kilowatt hours 3415 BTUs Kilowatt hours 2 655x106 Foot pounds Kilowatt hours 1 341 Horsepower hours Kilowatt hours 3 6x105 Joules Kilowatt hours 860 5 Kilogram calories Kilowatt hours 3 67x105 Kilogram meters Kilowatts 56 92 BTU per min Kilowatts 4 425x104 Foot pounds per min Kilowatts 737 6 Foot pounds per sec Kilowatts 1 341 Horsepower Kilowatts 14 34 Kg calories per min Kilowatts 103 Watts Km per hr per sec 27 78 Cm per sec per sec Km per hr per sec 0 9113 Ft per sec per sec Km per hr per sec 0 2778 Meters per sec per sec Km per hr per sec 0 6214 Miles per hr per sec Knots 6080 Feet per hr Knots 1 853 Kilometers per hr Knots 1 152 Miles per hr Knots 2027 Yards per hr Lines per sq cm 1 Gaus Lines per sq inch 0 155 Gaus Links engineer s 12 Inches Links surveyor s 7 92 Inches Liters 0 03531 Cubic feet Liters 61 02 Cubic inches 2dm3 Liters 393
10. 4 The first thing that needs to be done before any calculations can be performed is to determine the engine s displacement in cubic inches Cubic Inch Displacement or CID and its maximum rpm e Determine the engine s CID from the identification plate or from the user s manual If the displacement is in liters L then convert it to CID by multiplying by 61 02 If itis in cubic centimeters CC then convert it by multiplying by 0 06102 e Determine the engine s maximum rpm either by locating it on the tachometer if equipped or from the user s manual 5 For Naturally Aspirated Engines CID x RPM 1728 2 x 0 85 Airflow Requirement CFM The engine airflow requirements determined by this equation are for 4 cycle engines with 85 volumetric efficiency For 2 cycle engines omit the division by 2 e Multiply the CID times the rpm e Divide the result by 1728 to convert the cubic inches per minute CIM to CFM e Divide this by 2 for a 4 cycle engine a 4 cycle engine only has an intake cycle every other revolution Omit this step if engine is a 2 cycle e Multiply by 0 85 85 volumetric efficiency to get the engine s airflow requirement Example 817 CID 4 cycle carbureted engine with a maximum rpm of 2 000 817 x 2000 1728 2 x 0 85 402 3 Turbocharged Engines with mixer upstream of turbocharger Turbocharged engines supply an additional boost in pressure over a naturally aspirated engine This pressure m
11. Zinc plated and baked Nile dec ie rem None Required Safety Certification sesioan d M N A Engine User Producer Responsibility Emissions Certification Entente rss N A Engine User Producer Responsibility Weight 7 55 lbs w AT2 7 Throttle Body Each fuel requires a unique gas valve and jet combination Requires J1 48 oversize power jet 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 9 June 2007 RS lt S lt X Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 Module 4 Module 5 E ITE 400VF3 Modules June 2007 10 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc A Model 400VF3 The IMPCO 400 VARIFUEL 400 is a gaseous fuel carburetor of the concentric flow air valve type It is designed to be a direct replacement for the IMPCO 2000 carburetor A precision gas metering valve is attached to the air valve The air valve and gas valve motion is linear in relation to volumetric flow The air fuel ratio is controlled by the adjustable power valve shape of the gas metering valve and the pressure from the gas regulator The 400VF3 has anti wear guide bushings for the air valve assembly The 400 VARIFUEL is comprised of 5 modular elements illustration on facing page Air Inlet Module Air Horn Mixer Module Gas Valve Jet Module Gas Inlet Module Mixture Outlet Module Throttle Body O1 N A complete carburetor includes all five modules Deletion of either the Air Inlet or Mixture Outlet Modu
12. inlet pressure and droop The flow rate will vary depending on regulator body size orifice size and spring selection To correctly size a regulator you need to consider Maximum and minimum inlet pressure Maximum expected flow rate Flowing medium Temperature Acceptable accuracy or droop The minimum inlet pressure and maximum flow are very critical in regulator sizing The regulator has to be large enough to pass the maximum flow required even with a low inlet pressure or a Starved condition at the inlet In general if more than one orifice can handle the flow choose the smallest diameter orifice This improves performance and minimizes shut off problems If two or more springs have published pressure ranges that cover the desired pressure setting use the spring with the lower range to gain better accuracy The regulator body size will not necessarily be the same size as the pipeline and should never be larger Often the regulator body is one size smaller than the pipe size Best performance is obtained with the smallest body and orifice selection that will handle the flow Most soft seated regulators maintain the pressure within reasonable limits down to zero flow Every regulator represents a blend of such factors as Price Capacity Accuracy Stability Simplicity Speed of response Comparison of Regulator Types Type Accuracy Capacity E Cost Nesponse _ Direct Operated m Pilo
13. open by looking at the scribed line on the end of the throttle shaft see figure 16 This line matches the angle of the throttle fly For instance in figure 16 the throttle is closed Throttle Shaft Angle Indicator Line Figure 16 5 Set the governor or throttle control for a closed throttle position Rotate the throttle shaft to the low idle position NOTE On generator installations you will probably want to set the idle stop screw so that the throttle plate is 5 to 10 open This will prevent the governor from undershooting when the generator unloads Once you have the carburetor properly adjusted you can adjust the idle stop screw to fine tune the low idle speed This should improve stability Install the throttle lever on the shaft and connect the throttle linkage This installation will vary depending on the type of throttle control you are using After the linkage is in place make sure the throttle shaft is still in the closed position Once you have aligned the throttle shaft and the governor you can tighten the clamping bolt on the throttle lever to 60 Adjusting the 600VF3D Carburetor NOTE For more information on adjusting VARIFUEL carburetors refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance in this section 7 Locate the power adjust screw on the carburetor large hex head spring loaded screw directly opposite of the fuel inlet Tighten the screw until the spring is fully compressed th
14. 600VF3 mixers mounted to a common Throttle Gas Inlet Body The 600VF3D can accommodate up to 1000 horsepower engines with CFM requirements of up to 1600 CFM and a range of fuels from 400 BTU ft Biogas to 2500 BTU f LPG The 600VF3D carburetor is designed to be a direct replacement for the IMPCO 600D carburetor The VARIFUEL 600VF3D is slightly different from the 400VF3 and 600VF3 in that a carburetor is made up from four modules instead of five The four modules consist of Air Inlet Module Air Horn Mixer Modules 600VF3 2X Gas Valve Jet Module Mixture Outlet Throttle Body Module combination Gas Inlet Mixture Outlet Module ROD YS 2 WH The VARIFUEL 600VF3D is available as a carburetor assembly comprised of all four modules or available without the Air Inlet Module Since the VARIFUEL 600VF3D carburetor utilizes two VARIFUEL 600VF3 Mixer Modules it can be mounted in updraft downdraft or sidedraft configurations Also many different gas valves and gas jets are available to address fuel types and BTU ft content Please refer to the 600VF3 section for descriptions and part numbers There are two Throttle Body Modules available for the 600VF3D depending on engine rated BHP They are e BT2 62 2 for 400 BHP to 799 BHP engines e BT2 18 3 for 800 BHP to 1000 BHP engines The throttle bodies also house the 2 NPT gas inlet High load adjustments are made by first adjusting the fuel pressure and then fine tuning wi
15. Digester Landfill Gases 21 068 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 17 June 2007 400VF3 Carburetor Dimensions w Straight Air Inlet AT2 7 Outlet Module 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 18 June 2007 400VF3 Carburetor Dimensions w 90 Air Inlet AT2 7 Outlet Module 2 25 to 3 00 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 19 June 2007 400VF3 Carburetor Dimensions w 90 Air Inlet AT2 8 Outlet Module 2 25 to 3 00 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 20 June 2007 400VF3 Mixer Dimensions TY June 2007 400VF3 Mixer to 600VF3 Gas Body Adapter Dimensions 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 22 June 2007 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 23 June 2007 VARIFUEL 600VF3 Carburetor 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 24 June 2007 Model 600VF3 Specifications F el Type ee C P Propane amp LPG 50 50 Propane Butane Natural Gas 85 Methane Digester Gas 56 72 Methane Landfill Gas 45 56 Methane Operating Pressures Gas Inlet Normal stib CHR ER Ee epe tu 5 H O over Air Inlet idle setting
16. Feet per sec per sec Cm per sec per sec 0 036 Km per hour per sec Cm per sec per sec 0 02237 Miles per hour per sec Cords 128 Cubic feet Coulombs 39092 Abcoulombs Coulombs 3x108 Statcoulombs Coulombs per sq inch 0 0155 Abcoulombs per sq cm Coulombs per sq inch 0 155 Coulombs per sq Coulombs per sq inch 4 650x10 5 Statcoulombs per sq cm Cubic centimeters 3 531x10 5 Cubic feet Cubic centimeters 6 10x10 2 Cubic inches Cubic centimeters 39361 Cubic meters Cubic centimeters 1 308x10 6 Cubic yards Cubic centimeters 2 642x10 4 Gallons Cubic centimeters 39358 Liters Cubic centimeters 2 113x10 3 Pints liq Cubic centimeters 1 057x10 3 Quarts liq Cubic feet 2 832x104 Cubic cms Cubic feet 1728 Cubic inches Cubic feet 0 02832 Cubic meters Cubic feet 0 03704 Cubic yards Cubic feet 7 481 Gallons Cubic feet 28 32 Liters Cubic feet 59 84 Pints liq Cubic feet 29 92 Quarts liq Cubic ft per minute 472 Cubic cm per sec Cubic ft per minute 0 1247 Gallons per sec Cubic ft per minute 0 472 Liters per sec Cubic ft per minute 62 4 Lb of water per min Cubic inches 4 329x10 3 Gallons Cubic inches 1 639x10 2 Liters Cubic inches 0 03463 Pints liq Cubic inches 0 01732 Quarts liq Cubic inches 16 39 Cubic centimeters Cubic inches 5 787x10 4 Cubic feet Cubic inches 1 639x10 5 Cubic meters 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 120 June 2007
17. Inc 30 June 2007 Natural Gas FB Catalytic Feedback Lean A 1 1 1 3 The FB kit part number is CKV2 62 and uses the V2 62 gas valve and J1 22 gas jet This combination is designed to operate with enrichment type air fuel ratio controllers These controllers either increase gas pressure at the regulator or add fuel between the carburetor and throttle body V2 62 can also be used with air addition lean burn controllers or for stoichiometric propane operation with the IMPCO EB converter V2 62 should not be used in an uncontrolled application because of the potential for oil nitration at these A F levels Digester Gas DG 540 660 BTU ft Stoichiometric A 1 0 1 1 The DG kit part number is CKV2 64 This kit uses the V2 64 gas valve and the stainless steel J1 25 gas jet This valve is designed for a nominal gas energy level of 600 BTU ft with the gas constituents primarily methane and The DG configuration requires the larger J1 33 power jet 600VF3 carburetors with the DG prefix are already fitted with this power jet The power screw can be set a 6 turns out for reasonable full load operation With a higher pressure 8 0 H20 this valve can be used with 450 480 BTU T landfill gas operating at lean burn air fuel ratios for low emissions The higher pressure addresses the starting on a weaker gas Landfill Gas LF 420 540 BTU ft Stoichiometric A 1 1 1 2 The LF kit part number CKV2 65 is comprised of the V2 65 gas valve and th
18. Miles per hr per sec Foot pounds 0 1383 Kilogram meters Foot pounds 3 766x10 7 Kilowatt hours Foot pounds 1 286x10 3 British Thermal Units Foot pounds 1 356x107 Ergs Foot pounds 5 050x10 7 Horsepower hrs Foot pounds 1 356 Joules Foot pounds 3 241x10 4 Kilogram calories Foot pounds per min 1 286x10 3 BTU per min Foot pounds per min 0 01667 Foot pounds per sec Foot pounds per min 3 030x10 5 Horsepower 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 122 June 2007 Multiply By To Obtain Foot pounds per min 3 241x10 4 Kg calories per min Foot pounds per min 2 260x10 5 Kilowatts Foot pounds per sec 7 717x10 2 BTU per min Foot pounds per sec 1 818x10 3 Horsepower Foot pounds per sec 1 945x10 2 Kg calories per min Foot pounds per sec 1 356x10 3 Kilowatts Furlongs 40 Rods Gallons 3785 Cubic centimeters Gallons 0 1337 Cubic feet Gallons 231 Cubic inches Gallons 3 785x10 3 Cubic meters Gallons 4 951x10 3 Cubic yards Gallons 3 785 Liters Gallons 8 Pints liq Gallons 4 Quarts liq Gallons per min 2 228x10 3 Cubic feet per sec Gallons per min 0 06308 Liters per sec Gausses 6 452 Lines per sq inch Gilberts 0 07958 Abampere turns Gilberts 0 7958 Ampere turns Gilberts per centimeter 2 021 Ampere turns per inch Gills 0 1183 Liters Gills 0 25 Pints liq Grains troy 1 Grains av Grains troy 0 0648 Grams G
19. are simple control devices in which all of the energy needed for operation is derived from the controlled system requiring no external power sources Based on the axiom that the simpler a control system is the better it is as long as it does the job the simplicity of regulators makes them a standard of the industry Pressure regulators typically cost less to buy install and maintain Also they are more compact and lighter than other control systems Two Main Types of Regulators All regulators for pressure control are either direct operated or pilot operated Direct Operated Regulators Single Stage Regulators Figure 36 These types of regulators can handle applications in which an outlet pressure change of 10 to 20 of setpoint is acceptable Typical applications include Industrial commercial and gas service Instrument air or gas supply Fuel gas to burners Water pressure control Steam service Tank blanketing The biggest advantages of direct operated regulators include simplicity of design construction and operation But their output is non linear because their spring loading system causes much of the droop found in regulator operation Therefore to attain high flow rates without excessive droop another form of loading must be used Droop is defined as the decrease in controlled pressure that occurs when moving from a low load to full load flow condition It is normally expressed as a percent and is often refer
20. backfires 400VF3 Hard Parts Quantity per Carb IMPCO Part Number Description 1 D1 25 Diaphragm silicone yellow 1 P2 62 2 Plate for diaphragm 1 B3 57 Upper guide bushing brown 1 B3 58 Lower guide bushing 1 V1 16 Air valve anodized aluminum 1 1 12 Screws for diaphragm cover 8 32 x 5 16 pan head SEMS Gaskets cO Gasket Part Number Usage Description per Carb 1 S3 138 O ring Air Inlet Module To Gas Inlet Module e 25 2 DUO Gas Inlet Module To Mixture Outlet Module El E A arbo Mixture Outlet Module To Intake Manifold 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 83 June 2007 600VF3 Hard Parts Quantity per Carb IMPCO Part Number Description 1 RK D1 20 3 Repair Kit fluorosilicone diaphragm blue Includes plate screws amp upper anti wear bushing 1 Lower guide bushing brown 1 Air valve anodized aluminum 1 Cover diaphragm Gaskets Quantity Gasket Part Number Usage Description per Carb 1 G1 77 Air Inlet Module To Air Inlet Pipe 1 G1 76 1 Air Inlet Module To Gas Inlet Module 1 G1 78 1 Gas Inlet Module Mixture Outlet Module G1 38 T2 67 T2 17 Mixture Outlet Modules T2 9 Mixture 1 61 29 Outlet Module To Intake Manifold T2 80 Mixture S3 138 Outlet Module 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 84 June 2007 600VF3D Hard parts Quantity IMPCO Part Number Descript
21. combustion components such as water and carbon dioxide The low heat value is the high heat value times 0 902 LHV HHV x 0 902 Propane Properties Vapor The weight of propane vapor compared to air is a product of the specific gravity of propane 1 5617 times the weight of air at a given temperature and pressure The specific gravity of air is 1 0 e By this formula the weight of propane vapor is 1 5617 x 0 076 Ib ft 0 1187 Ib ft 59 F and 29 92 Hg pressure e As with natural gas the 1 5617 specific gravity times the weight of air is constant with altitude change assuming air and gas temperature remain constant Therefore the air fuel ratio remains constant from sea level to high altitude Horsepower as it relates to BTU Consumption Horsepower can be defined as 2545 BTU s to make one horsepower for one hour 1 HP Hr 2545 BTU However most of the available BTU s in the fuel are wasted as heat exiting the exhaust For an engine to produce one horsepower for one hour it consumes approximately 10 000 BTU s This is a very useful tool for determining regulator and fuel delivery pipe sizing 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 109 June 2007 IMPCO VARIFUEL Carburetor Application by Engine Manufacturer ENGINE MANUFACTURER ENGINE MODEL IMPCO VARIFUEL CARBURETOR G379 400VF3U 1 2 G397 400VF3X 1 2 G398 400VF3X 3 2 G398 TA NG400VF3X 3 2 G3
22. diaphragm AB1 30 6SL Sidedraft short piston S2 32 3 spring fluorosilicone diaphragm Turbo Draw through usage Module Group Ill Gas Valve Jet Kit gas valve jet screw O ring amp label CKV2 21 3 Natural gas stoichiometric w J1 23 also for Propane w EB converter CKV2 62 Natural gas enrichment AFC for catalysts A 1 1 1 3 w J1 22 CKV2 63 Natural gas ultralean A 1 4 to 1 6 w J1 23 CKV2 64 Digester gas 540 640 BTU ft stoichiometric w J1 25 CKV2 116 Digester gas ultralean 540 640 BTU f w J1 24 CKV2 65 Landfill gas 450 540 BTU ft stoichiometric w J1 25 CKV2 69 Landfill gas 450 540 BTU ft w J1 25 10 H2O column gas pressure CKV2 94 Natural gas throttling AFC for catalysts A 85 1 05 w J1 24 CKV2 96 LPG stoichiometric w J1 22 NOTE All gas valve kits except CKV2 69 are designed to operate w 5 column gas inlet pressure 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 42 June 2007 Module Group IV Mixture Outlet body power screw power valve fly bearings shaft lever amp gaskets AT2 18 Throttle body assembly 2070 in area throttle bore B3 42 permaglide bearings 20 75 shaft stepped to 20 75 at bearings AT2 62 Throttle body assembly 13 45 in area throttle bore B3 42 permaglide bearings 20 75 shaft stepped to 20 50 at bearings IMPCO 6000 to VARIFUEL 600VF3D Interchange 600D 600D AIR 600VF3 AIR 600VF3 GAS 600D MODEL TO HORN VALVE BASE VALVE
23. e Ex si Aluminum Hard Anodized Gas Body IB 1591252 eren eite eA uf Aluminum Hard Anodized Air Valve Cover C1 32 iocos eere qe eden ne SU RS apo Aluminum Hard Anodized Inlet Housing AIL acto trenta ertet pac Aluminum Hard Anodized Throttle Body T2 18 or 12 62 Aluminum Hard Anodized Diaphragm D1 20 3 i i m eds tee deeds Fluorosilicone Guide BUSTING PPS Plastic Glass and PTFE filled Gas EDT Aluminum Hard Anodized GAS mo Aluminum Hard Anodized Stainless Steel optional Buna Fluorocarbon optional Fasteners amp Power Screw Carbon Steel Zinc plated and baked TAIAO EEEE EE Cid re High Carbon Steel Zinc plated and baked None Required Safety Corti 3l oras N A Engine User Producer Responsibility Emissions Certification N A Engine User Producer Responsibility Each fuel requires a unique gas valve and jet combination Refer to 600VF3 section for availabilities 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 39 June 2007 600VF3D Module June 2007 C Model 600VF3D The VARIFUEL 600VF3 Duplex carburetor is comprised of two VARIFUEL
24. min Meters per sec per sec 3 281 Feet per sec per sec Meters per sec per sec 3 6 Km per hr per sec Meters per sec per sec 2 237 Miles per hr per sec Mhos per mil foot 6 015x10 3 Abmhos per cm cube Mhos per mil foot 6 015 Megmhos per cm cube Mhos per mil foot 15 28 Megmhos per in cube Microbars 9 870x10 7 Atmoshpheres Microbars 1 Dynes per sq Microbars 0 0102 Kg per sq meter Microbars 2 089x10 3 Pounds per sq foot Microbars 1 450x10 5 Pounds per sq inch Microfarads 39370 Abfarads Microfarads 39361 Farads Microfarads 9x105 Statfarads Micrograms 39361 Grams Microhms 103 Abohms Microhms 39367 Megohms Microhms 39361 Ohms Microhms 1 9x10 17 Statohms Microhms per cubic cm 103 Abohms per cubic cm Microhms per cubic cm 0 3937 Microhms per cubic in Microhms per cubic cm 6 015 Ohms per mil foot 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 127 June 2007 Multiply By To Obtain Microhms per cubic in 2 54 Microhms per cubic cm Microliters 39361 Liters Microns 39361 Meters Miles 1 609x105 Centimeters Miles 5280 Feet Miles 1 6093 Kilometers Miles 1760 Yards Miles 1900 8 Varas Miles per hr 44 7 Centimeters per sec Miles per hr 88 Feet per min Miles per hr 1 467 Feet per sec Miles per hr 1 6093 Kilometers per hr Miles per hr 0 8684 Knots Miles per hr 26 82 Meters per min Miles per hr pe
25. not then there are too many restrictions in the fuel supply line network or the sub regulator is too small For this reason the fuel pressure sub regulator should be located close to the carburetor with no elbows to restrict the flow The best approach is to use a main regulator and a sub regulator in series In this case the main regulator produces around 20 column of fuel pressure and a sub regulator located within two feet of the carburetor produces 5 column of fuel pressure to the carburetor see figure 38 NOTE The input pressure to the sub regulator IMP must not exceed 1 PSI 27 column of fuel pressure IMPCO VARIFUEL Main Regulator Carburetor W LC 16 24 0 INCH of Gauge NM MN INCHES W C Connect to High Pressure Connect to Low Side of Gauge Pressure Side Figure 38 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 93 June 2007 Flow Capacities The following chart illustrates pressure drop values for each model IMP regulator in the full open position Differential pressure inlet pressure minus outlet pressure must be at least twice the pressure drop value for practical use Maximum recommended capacity limit is at a flow equivalent to 4 0 inches H5O pressure drop Rate of Flow CFH 0 64 Specific Pressure Drop Inches Water Column Gravity of Gas 2 000 _ 258 078 027 1 900 j 233 0 25 480 209 063
26. the same distance from the end with a felt pen The pipe should be tightened securely However if the torque required to tighten the pipe suddenly increases sharply the end of the pipe has probably seated against the jet boss and should not be tightened any further DO NOT over torque or under torque the pipe If it will not reach the mark without over torquing then remove the pipe and cut a few more threads with the appropriate NPT die If it bottoms out without adequate torque to seal the threads try another section of pipe or cut 1 8 3 16 from the end of the pipe DO NOT use Teflon tape on pipe threads Use a liquid sealant such as Loctite 567 or equivalent 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 51 June 2007 Figure 4 Connecting the Throttle 5 The throttle lever L1 12 1 can be installed on either side of the throttle body at any angle The throttle shaft can rotate 75 from completely closed to wide open No matter how you orient the throttle lever to the shaft you can always tell whether the throttle is closed or open by looking at the scribed line on the end of the throttle shaft see figure 5 This line matches the angle of the throttle fly For instance in figure 5 the throttle is closed Throttle Shaft Angle Indicator Line Figure 5 6 Set the governor or throttle control for a closed throttle position Rotate the throttle shaft to the low idle position NOTE On generator installations it is suggeste
27. the straight in line air horn AA2 69 This allows for five different orientations for installation to the intake hose The following installation instructions are tailored to the standard downdraft installation In this installation the throttle body is on the bottom and the air horn is on top If your installation is going to position the carburetor in an updraft or sidedraft position reverse the references for the updraft installation or change to left and right for the sidedraft installation as warranted Installing the 400VF3 Carburetor If the carburetor was not assembled by your distributor or the module orientations need to be changed then decide how each module will orient themselves to one another Trial fit the modules in place on the intake manifold Mark their orientations to each other with a felt marker across the mating surfaces lt is not necessary to remove the Mixer Module from the Gas Inlet Module Also it is not advisable to assemble the carburetor on the engine Start by assembling the carburetor in the following sequence 1 First install the Gas Inlet Module to the Mixture Outlet Module throttle body with the orientation markings lined up Place a new gasket G1 25 on top of the Mixture Outlet Module and install the Gas Inlet Module with four 5 16 18 x 7 8 hex bolts DO NOT use any sealant on the gasket Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern to 10 then finish torquing to 11 14 ft lbs in the sa
28. to 5 2 Figure 39 The IMP sub regulator must be mounted upright as in figure 39 Also the arrow on the IMP sub regulator represents the direction of fuel flow DO NOT connect the regulators backwards Never apply more than 1 PSI 27 to the IMP sub regulator Balance Lines In all configurations you should install a balance line between the primary regulator sub regulator if used and the carburetor inlet see figure 39 This is especially important on turbocharged engines Without the balance line a turbocharged engine will be starved for fuel under any significant load Use 5 16 or preferably 3 8 pipe or steel tubing for the 400VF3 and 600VF3 carburetors and 3 8 or preferably 1 2 ID pipe or steel tubing for the 600VF3D duplex carburetor The use of copper tubing is not recommend On some primary regulators you will need to remove the vent screen and install a 1 NPT reducer in its place 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 95 June 2007 Air Fuel Ratio Controller If you use a separate air fuel ratio controller install it between the sub regulator and the carburetor see figure 40 VARIFUEL Carburetor Primary Regulator Balance Line Air Fuel Ratio Controller Figure 40 Fuel Lines For fuel line connections use local code approved pipe Use a liquid thread sealant such as Loctite 567 or equivalent on all pipe threads DO NOT use Teflon
29. vary proportionally with pressure An air receiver tank filled with air at atmospheric pressure will float on water The same tank of air pressurized to 1000 PSI contains a more dense mass of air and the increased weight will cause it to sink During the compression cycle of an engine while total weight of the charge drawn into a cylinder does not increase the charge becomes denser as the piston compresses it Consequently the charge becomes heavier per cubic inch of volume when compressed Weight and density of the charge introduced into the cylinder during the intake cycle directly affects the density of the charge upon compression The denser the mass is within practical limits the more power will be produced when the charge is ignited A higher compression ratio may be used at high altitude Since the air fuel mass drawn into the cylinder weighs less it can be compressed to a higher degree to reach practical limits of density when ignited Gauge Pressure This can be absolute pressure as indicated on a barometer or more generally a measurement above or below atmospheric pressure as indicated on the vacuum gauge connected to the intake manifold Air Properties Weighs 0 076 Ib ft 59 F and 29 92 Hg pressure Weighs 3 less with each 1000 feet above sea level Weighs approximately 0 042 Ib ft 15 000 feet altitude Weighs 1 less for each 10 above 59 F Weighs approximately 0 0714 lb ft 120 F 1 ft of a
30. will find two jet cover screws S1 3 in figure 20 Loosen both of them a few turns Figure 20 4 Now remove the Gas Jet from the Air Valve body you may have to use a pair of pliers Figure 21 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 72 June 2007 5 Hold the Air Valve from twisting within the Air Valve body while you remove the Gas Valve screw see figure 22 Fingers are holding the Air Valve from turning Gas Valve Figure 22 6 Remove the Gas Valve and inspect the piston o ring S3 132 for wear or damage Replace the o ring where necessary Reassembly 1 Put the new V2 Gas Valve Gas Valve part s are marked on the flat side of the valve on the stub shaft S5 31 Keep the Air Valve from twisting as in disassembly step 5 as you install and tighten the screw 51 66 to 13 17 in lbs In rare cases the stub shaft may slip and rotate as you turn the screw If this happens you will need to stop it from turning as follows A Remove the four screws securing the Air Valve cover B Remove the Air Valve cover and the spring beneath it If the carburetor was installed in an updraft or sidedraft configuration there will be a spacer under the spring Turn the mixer over and remove the spacer note the step in the spacer for the spring this faces UP towards the cover when re installed 2 Use a 7 16 socket and extension to keep the stub shaft from turning while you tighten the Gas Valve retaining screw to
31. 022 47 187 056 020 358 165 050 018 EE 15 044 0 15 120 1 088 0 14 EE 122 109 083 012 23 028 50 179 078 024 27 148 020 55 120 052 016 22 095 26 073 032 158 os 023 110 037 016 EE os TT 100 2007 Technologies Inc 94 June 2007 Regulator Installation Primary Regulator amp Sub Regulator The regulator should be located in the fuel line as close to the carburetor as possible to reduce restrictions and prevent surging in the fuel system If the primary regulator will be more than twelve feet away from the carburetor an IMP sub regulator is required downstream from the primary regulator see figure 39 In this configuration the primary regulator can be any distance from the carburetor but the IMP sub regulator should be within two feet of the carburetor Even when the primary regulator is close to the carburetor the IMP sub regulator is recommended for more precise control of the fuel pressure which allows better control of the exhaust emissions and fuel economy 600VF3 Main Regulator Available from Balance Line distributor Downstream pressure Upstream pressure measurement measurement Adjust Main Regulator to 18 22 H2O Adjust Sub Regulator
32. 1 for gas valve options 2 67 is recommended for turbocharged Waukesha 3521 amp 7042 engines because of improved throttle governor control 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 33 June 2007 9408 6920 08 21 9408 69 Ed 19 GL 9408 ZL cL 940g 69 8 6 24 9408 6V t LL Z4 p 21 15 seo jenyeN sz Le co ai 50 2 48158619 upue sec enge es LP TT LC E S P iN sec 0 A uespeanin ES 2A seg ema AS PEZA ap June 2007 600VF3 Carburetor Assembly Exploded View a seg S POZA seg we So ZA a elis 0148 1 35 9408 6920 95 SEC EINEN E Le cA 57 01 56 21 119 pue 02 la peu eyseyne m 14 25 Mol4 IH 221 5 JEUPOPIS CE CS BEMPUMOO 2 25 25 esp dn ze zs 34 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 600VF3 Carburetor Assembly Dimensions 12 47 Standard 600VF3 Installation Dimensions 600 VF3 w T2 17 Throttle Body 600 960 CFM amp 600 VF3 w T2 67 Throttle Body 300 650 CFM 16 88 1 Tm 4 15 93 69 Bore ID 600 VF3 8 2 w T2 80 300 650 CFM 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 35 June 2007
33. 13 17 in lbs see figure 23 Figure 23 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 73 June 2007 3 Reinstall the spring and spacer where applicable make sure the spacer is installed as in figure 24 Figure 24 4 Reinstall the Air Valve cover Be sure to align the vacuum port holes in all three pieces see figure 25 and tighten the four screws evenly to 16 20 in lbs Figure 25 5 Insert the new Gas Jet into the Air Valve body shoulder facing up The jet should fit with the flange shoulder flush with the Air Valve body surface Tighten the two jet holder screws 51 3 evenly to 16 20 in lbs see figure 20 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 74 June 2007 2 Lubricate the new Gas Jet o ring with clean engine oil and slide it onto the new Gas Jet see figure 26 NOTE The o ring supplied with the new Gas Valve kit should be the correct one for your fuel type Do not confuse the old and new o rings Natural gas applications use the Nitrile o ring S3 133 and landfill or digester gas applications use the Viton o ring S3 133 2 Figure 26 3 Carefully position the Mixer Module on the Gas Inlet Module Start all six screws before tightening them evenly and a diagonal sequence to 16 20 in lbs see figures 27 amp 27 Figure 27 Figure 27A 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 75 June 2007 4 Lightly lubricate with clean engine oil and install a new o ring S3 138 around the base of the Mixer Module
34. 58 Cubic meters Liters 1 308x10 3 Cubic yards Liters 0 2642 Gallons Liters 2 113 Pints liq Liters 1 057 Quarts liq Liters 103 Cubic cm Liters per min 5 886x10 4 Cubic ft per sec Liters per min 4 403x10 3 Gallons per sec Log e N or In N 0 4343 Log10 N Log10 N 2 303 Log e N or In N Lumens per sq ft 1 Foot candles Maxwells 39358 Kilolines 126 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc June 2007 Multiply By To Obtain Megalines 106 Maxwells Megmhos per cm cube 39358 Abmhos per cm cube Megmhos per cm cube 2 54 Megmhos per in cube Megmhos per cm cube 0 1662 Mhos per mil ft Megmhos per inch cube 0 3937 Megmhos per cm cube Megohms 106 Ohms Meter kilograms 9 807x107 Centimeter dynes Meter kilograms 105 Centimeter grams Meter kilograms 7 233 Pound feet Meters 100 Centimeters Meters 3 2808 Feet Meters 39 37 Inches Meters 39358 Kilometers Meters 103 Millimeters Meters 1 0936 Yards Meters per min 1 667 Centimeters per sec Meters per min 3 281 Feet per min Meters per min 0 05468 Feet per sec Meters per min 0 06 Kilometers per hr Meters per min 0 03728 Miles per hr Meters per sec 1968 Feet per min Meters per sec 3 281 Feet per sec Meters per sec 6 Kilometers per hr Meters per sec 0 06 Kilometers per min Meters per sec 2 237 Miles per hr Meters per sec 0 03728 Miles per
35. 6243 Pounds per cu foot Kg per cu meter 3 613x10 5 Pounds per cu inch Kg per cu meter 3 405x10 10 Pounds per mil foot Kg per meter 0 672 Pounds per foot Kg per sq meter 9 678x10 5 atmospheres Kg per sq meter 98 07 Bars Kg per sq meter 3 281x10 3 Feet of water Kg per sq meter 2 896x10 3 Inches of mercury Kg per sq meter 0 2048 Pounds per sq foot Kg per sq meter 1 422x10 3 Pounds per sq inch Kg per sq millimeter 106 Kg per sq meter Kg cal cu meter 0 1124 BTU per cu foot Kg cal kg 1 8 BTU per pound Kg cal sq meter 0 3688 BTU per sq foot Kg calories per min 51 43 Foot pounds per sec Kg calories per min 0 09351 Horsepower Kg calories per min 0 06972 Kilowatts Kg cm squared 2 373x10 3 Pounds feet squared Kg cm squared 0 3417 Pounds inch squared Kg meter sq second 1 Newton Kilogram calories 3 968 BTUs Kilogram calories 3086 Foot pounds Kilogram calories 1 556x10 3 Horsepower hours Kilogram calories 4183 Joules Kilogram calories 426 6 Kilogram meters Kilogram calories 1 162x10 3 Kilowatt hours Kilogram meters 9 302x10 3 BTUs Kilogram meters 9 807x107 Ergs Kilogram meters 7 233 Foot pounds Kilogram meters 9 807 Joules Kilogram meters 2 344x10 3 Kilogram calories Kilogram meters 2 724x10 6 Kilowatt hours Kilograms 980665 Dynes Kilograms 103 Grams Kilograms 70 93 Poundals Kilograms 2 2046 Pounds Kilograms 1 102x10 3 Tons short Kilolines 103 Maxwells Kiloliters 103 Liters Kilometers 105 Centimeters Kilometers 3281 Feet Kilometers 103 Meters
36. 7457 Kilowatts Horsepower 745 7 Watts Horsepower boiler 33520 BTU per hr Horsepower boiler 9804 Kilowatts Horsepower hours 2547 BTUs Horsepower hours 1 98x106 Foot pounds Horsepower hours 2 684x106 Joules Horsepower hours 641 7 Kilogram calories Horsepower hours 2 737 105 Kilogram meters Horsepower hours 0 7457 Kilowatt hours Hours 60 Minutes Hours 3600 Seconds Inches 2540 Centimeters Inches 103 Mils Inches 0 03 Varas Inches of Hg 1 133 Feet of water Inches of Hg 345 3 Kg per sq meter Inches of Hg 70 73 Pounds per sq ft Inches of Hg 0 4912 Pounds per sq in Inches of mercury Hg 0 03342 Atmospheres Inches of water 5 204 Pounds per sq foot Inches of water 0 03613 Pounds per sq in PSI Inches of water 0 002458 Atmospheres Inches of water 0 07355 Inches of mercury Inches of water 25 4 Kg per sq meter Inches of water 0 5781 Ounces per sq inch Joule 4 184 Calorie Joule per sec 1 Watts Joule sq amp sec 1 Ohm Joules 9 486x10 4 BTUs Joules 107 Ergs Joules 0 7376 Foot pounds Joules 2 390x1 0 4 Kilogram calories 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 124 Multiply By To Obtain Joules 0 102 Kilogram meters Joules 2 778 10 4 Watt hours Joules 1 Newton meters Joules 1 Watt sec Joules 1 Volt coulomb Kg per cu meter 39358 Grams per Kg per cu meter 0 0
37. 99 TA NG600VF3X 8 2 w A2 27 G3406 Caterpilar G3408 400VF3 600VF3 G3412 G3508 G3B12 600VF3 G3516 NG600VF3DX 6 2 600VF3 G3520 600VF3 6G 825 600VF3DX 1 600VF3DX 1 2 DG600VF3DX 1 2 6GT 825 600VF3DX 1 Coeper Guperior 8G 825 600VF3DX 1 600VF3DX 1 2 NG600VF3D 9 2 8GT 825 600VF3DX 1 110 230 400VF3X 1 2 L10 240NG 400VF3X 3 2 G12 G 743 400VF3X 1 2 GTA12 GTA 4 400VF3X 3 2 GTA14 Cummins GTA855A Natural Gas GTA855B 600VF3 GTA19 GTA 1150 600VF3 w T2 7 600VF3 125 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 110 June 2007 ENGINE ENGINE MODEL IMPCO VARIFUEL CARBURETOR MANUFACTURER PVG 6 600VF3DX 3 2 SVG 8 600VF3DX 3 2 SVG 10 SVG 12 KVG 10 600VF3DX 5 2 KVG 12 Ingersoll Rand KVS 6 KVS 12 48KVG 410KVGB 600VF3DX 3 2 412KVGR 412KVS 12V AT25GL 12V AT27GL 976 8L AT27GL 400VF3 F1197G 400VF3U 1 2 F817G VFG F18G 400VF3 VFG F18GL VFG F18GLD 400VF3U 3 2 Waukesha VFG H24G H24GL 400VF3 VFG H24GLD L36GL VFG L36GLD VFG P48GL BOUNTS VFG P48GLD VHP 2895 400VF3 VHP 3521 600VF3 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 111 June 2007 ENGINE MANUFACTURER ENGINE MODEL IMPCO VARIFUEL CARBURETOR F3521GSI 600VF3U VHP VHP 8790 08 VHP 5790 aU 600VFSU 2X aU Waukesha VSG F11GSI GSID 400VF3U 3 2 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 112 June 2007 Large Engine Application Inf
38. G usage AB1 31 3 J1 33 power jet amp W1 63 power valve digester amp landfill gas usage 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 32 June 2007 Module Group V Mixture Outlet body fly bearings shaft lever amp gaskets AT2 17 Throttle body assembly 24 19 bore 4 12 bolt pattern B3 43 bushings 20 50 shaft AT2 67 Throttle body assembly 23 69 bore 4 12 bolt pattern B3 43 bushings 20 50 shaft AT2 80 Throttle body assembly 23 69 bore 3 75 bolt pattern B3 43 bushings 20 50 shaft AA3 130 Outlet adapter 23 50 O D hose connection low pressure turbo mount Used to replace 200T w AT2 9 AT2 17 5 amp AT2 67 5 are equipped with turbo seals IMPCO 600 to VARIFUEL 600VF3 Interchange 600VF3 GAS 600VF3 VALVE THROTTLE 600 MODEL 600VF3 AIR 600VF3 AIR 600VF3 GAS HORN VALVE BODY BODY APPLICATION CONVERSION REPLACED MODULE ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY KIT MODULE 600 1 or Waukesha AB1 30 6 600 1 2 2 21 30 AT2 17 3521 7042 600X 1 or 2 67 600 1 2 Superior 6G 825 DG600X 1 2 AB1 30 6X CKV2 64 AT2 67 K 2 16 600X 3 2 AB1 31 2 600 5 600 9 600 77 amp CKV2 21 30 600 78 600M 2 AB1 30 6 Updraft Mixer Downdraft 600XM 2 AB1 30 6X Mixer Gas valve kit should be selected for the application CKV2 21 3 will be equivalent to the old V2 21 in older 600 s see Gas Valve Chart on page 3
39. Inlet body power screw jet gaskets amp bolts AB1 67 J1 36 Power jet 0 800 ID Natural gas and LPG usage AB1 67 3 J1 48 Power jet 1 080 ID Digester and Landfill gas usage Module Group V Mixture Outlet body fly bearings shaft lever amp gaskets AT2 7 Throttle body assembly 2 50 bore 2 88 bolt pattern B3 44 bushings 0 437 shaft AT2 8 Throttle body assembly 3 00 bore 3 25 bolt pattern B3 44 bushings 0 437 shaft AA3 128 Outlet adapter 400VF mixer to 600VF gas body A3 129 Outlet adapter 3 00 hose connection turbo compressor inlet mounting 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 16 June 2007 400VF3 Mixer Assembly Exploded View Screw 51 3 4 Cover 1 30 Plate P2 62 2 Updraft Spacer S4 39 2 Spring 52230 6 Sidedraft Spacer 54 38 y p Bushing B3 57 ee No Spacer Downdraft Screw 1 22 4 Diaphragm D1 25 O Ring S3 111 Shaft 55 31 Jet Cover 1 29 3 Air Valve V1 16 Piston P4 4 O Ring 3 132 Washer W1 100 lt Power Adjust Screw 1 206 Screw S1 3 i 2 QM Gas Valve V2 XX Screw 1 66 Screw 1 3 2 Spring S2 16 lt Gas Jet 1 Washer W1 33 _ L A O Ring 3 27 Air Valve Body BB1 66 O Ring S3 133 Nitrile Natural Gas 3 133 2 Viton Landfill Digester Gas Gas B1 67 7 Power Jet J1 36 Natural Gas Propane 0 800 Washer Power Valve 7 S Nut Nylock gt Power Jet J1 48
40. JUI 29 27 pog 525 2IHOIUL 29 21 UJIM 10 91ndI29 JSXIIN 0 2 June 2007 45 2007 Technologies Inc 017 88 amp Bottom 16 38 Top amp Bottom A2 17 2 50 NPT 16 27 T2 62 Throttle Bore Area 13 45 in 600VF3D VARIFUEL Double Mixer Carburetor For Ingersoll Rand SVG 8 s with T2 62 Throttle Gas Body A3 38 Manifold Adapter A2 17 Intake Module 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 46 June 2007 19 25 amp Bottom 2 50 NPT E 600VF3D VARIFUEL Double Mixer Carburetor For Ingersoll Rand KVG 10 s amp 12 s with T2 62 Throttle Gas Body A3 44 Manifold Adapter A2 23 Intake Module For greater than 400 BHP but less than 800 BHP per Carburetor 3 4 10 UNC 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 47 June 2007 June 2007 IMPCO VARIFUEL Carburetor Installation A 400VF3 Carburetor Introduction The VARIFUEL 400VF3 was designed to be a bolt on replacement for the IMPCO 200D However the 400VF3 as with all VARIFUEL carburetors allows you to change its internal gas valves and jets to accommodate different fuel types and air fuel ratios Also you can fine tune the air fuel ratio by adjusting the fuel pressure and power adjust screw Figure 1 is the 2000 and figure 2 is the 400VF3 Notice that the fuel inlet on the 400VF3 is in a different position than the 200D Thi
41. LARGE ENGIN CATALOG For Varifuel Carburetors Includes Information on Maintenance Adjustments and Fuel Pressure Regulators SSAEETY eta ol 1 Il Carburetor Mixer Overview 3 A Air Valve Mixer Theory of Operation ss 3 B Venturi Mixer Theory of Operation 3 C Selecting the Correct Carburetor Mixer 02 5 De SRA DANN 6 Ill VARIFUEL Carburetor Mixer Descriptions amp Specifications 9 A Model 400VF tidus radares A GN As 11 B Model GOOV Fa ann 24 CG E ED 39 IV VARIFUEL Carburetor Installation 49 Model 400VF 3 tes 49 Br Model 600VF T dnc 55 c Model GODVESD ce na E 63 V VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting amp Maintenance 69 A Adjusting the VARIFUEL Carburetor 444 00 69 B Lean Burn Opera ON eco ee canes 70 C Changing the Gas Valve Jet Kit 72 D Changing the Power Valve amp Power Jet 80 E Recommended Service Parts se 83 VI Pressure Regulators 87 quiere RETE cC 87 IMPOO IMP ROgUlalOfS stu c
42. MPCO 200T or the IMPCO 600 carburetor However the 600VF3 as with all VARIFUEL carburetors allows you to change its internal gas valves and jets to accommodate different fuel types and air fuel ratios Also you can fine tune the air fuel ratio by adjusting the fuel pressure power adjust screw Figure 7 is the 200T and figure 8 is the 600VF3 Notice that the fuel inlet on the 600VF3 is in a different position than the 200T This illustration of the 600VF3 shows the fuel inlet facing the camera 90 to the air horn inlet and throttle shaft However the fuel inlet part of the Gas Inlet Module can be rotated to four different positions in relation to the air horn and throttle body Figure 7 Figure 8 Mounting Options The VARIFUEL 600VF3 carburetor can be mounted in a downdraft updraft or sidedraft configuration Referring to the illustrations on the facing page the updraft installation has the throttle body on top and the downdraft has the throttle body on the bottom Note the part number for the air valve spring on the different illustrations The downdraft spring S2 32 2 is yellow the updraft spring S2 32 1 is silver and the sidedraft spring S2 32 3 is green There are two special springs for updraft installations on turbocharged engines The two springs are red S2 41 and blue S2 123 consult your local IMPCO distributor for more information If the installation orientation needs to be changed then the proper spri
43. NOTE The power adjust screw has no affect on starting or idling performance 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 67 June 2007 Figure 18 VARIFUEL 600VF3 Illustrated 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 68 June 2007 VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance Adjusting the VARIFUEL Carburetor The power adjust screw on the VARIFUEL carburetor sets the air fuel mixture for the engine under medium and heavy loads It is the hex head screw with a spring on it located on the lower half of the carburetor opposite of the fuel inlet see figure 18 You should adjust this screw while the engine is running at full power under load All vacuum readings are based on sea level readings Make adjustments to readings as necessary to compensate for altitude To Adjust for Maximum Power Connect a manifold vacuum gauge to the intake manifold on the engine Run the engine under full load at maximum rated rpm While monitoring the manifold vacuum turn the power adjust screw for the highest vacuum reading To Adjust for Best Fuel Economy With the engine running at full load and rated rpm and the carburetor adjusted for maximum power turn the power adjust screw IN until the vacuum gauge drops by 1 to 1 5 Hg The engine is now set for best fuel economy To Adjust for Best Emissions You will need to install an exhaust gas analyzer such as the Infrared Industries FGA 5000 First adjust the carburetor for maximum power Keep the engine runn
44. THROTTLE APPLICATION BE MODULE BODY ADAPTER CONVERSION BODY REPLACED ASSEMBLY KIT MODULE 600D 1 or 1 30 6 AT2 18 3 Waukesha 600D 1 2 2X CKV2 3521 2 18 2 38 2 30 S 1 or E TT uperior 600DX 1 2 AB1 30 6X AT2 18 573 8G 825 AB1 30 6X Ingersoll Rand 600DX 3 2 AA2 17 P2 59 CKV2 94 SVG 8 or 10 2X AB1 AA3 44 AT2 62 2 mem D _ ngersoll Ran 600DX 2 2 AA2 23 30 6X 2X CRV2 94 KVG 10 or 12 Gas valve kit should be selected for the application CKV2 21 3 will be equivalent to the V2 21 in older 600 s See chart 600VF3 Accessories and Options section for gas valve options 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 43 June 2007 600VF3D Carburetor Assembly Dimensions zU 02 02 Bay 9109 9 30J4UuJ 81 21 910g 3JJO1UL 29 21 7274 996 L S 02 M Joyainqied Jed 008 Q r gt uey 55291 3Nq 00 Uey 1972216 104 pog sed 29 21 KEN 103919025 Jad 008 uey 1932316 104 E 88 8 9 pog Se9 2IHOIUL 81 21 KW SINPOI 81 2 5 J2XIIN GEAA009 zY GY EL lt 059 gt best peoeds x9 ONN EL Zi i eg June 2007 44 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 1416 727842960 5 Jed 008 uey sse GH OOF Uey 1872916 104 SXL
45. are generally only useable with turbocharged engines since ultralean operation on normally aspirated engines results in 1 4 to 1 3 power loss Natural Gas FR Catalytic Feedback Rich A 0 85 0 98 The FR gas valve kit part number is CKV2 88 and utilizes the V2 88 gas valve and J1 45 gas jet This combination is designed to operate with throttling type A F ratio controllers such as the Altronic units These units place a control valve upstream of the carburetor in the fuel inlet V2 88 is designed to be rich enough for proper control even under the coldest air inlet temperatures 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 14 June 2007 Natural Gas FB Catalytic Feedback Lean A 1 3 The FB kit part number is CKV2 89 and uses the V2 89 gas valve and J1 45 gas jet This combination is designed to operate with enrichment type air fuel ratio controllers These controllers either increase gas pressure at the regulator or add fuel between the carburetor and throttle body V2 89 can also be used with air addition lean burn controllers such as the PSC system or for stoichiometric propane operation with the IMPCO EB converter V2 89 should not be used in an uncontrolled application because of the potential for oil nitration at these A F levels Digester Gas DG 540 660 BTU ft Stoichiometric A 1 0 1 1 The DG kit part number is CKV2 79 This kit uses the V2 79 gas valve and the stainless steel J1 47 gas jet This valve is designed for a nominal gas energy l
46. c operation Partial throttle operation on 200 to 450 HP engines will also be slightly lean V2 21 3 can also be used for propane operation with the IMPCO EB converter The EB operates at 1 5 carburetor inlet pressure Natural Gas UL Ultralean A 1 4 1 6 V2 63 gas valve is used with J1 23 gas jet The UL kit part number is CKV2 63 This gas valve starts lean of stoichiometric approximately 1 2 A and transitions to of 1 4 1 6 7 5 to 8 5 Os above air flows appropriate for 200 horsepower The power screw can adjust the A F within this range This valve can run richer or leaner by adjusting the power screw but the A F curve will be quite skewed and governor fluctuation can result These gas valves are generally only useable with turbocharged engines since ultralean operation on normally aspirated engines will result in a power loss Natural Gas FR Catalytic Feedback Rich A 0 85 1 00 The FR gas valve kit part number is CKV2 94 and utilizes the V2 94 gas valve and J1 24 gas jet This combination is designed to operate with throttling type air fuel ratio controllers These units place a control valve upstream of the carburetor in the fuel inlet V2 94 is designed to be rich enough for proper control even under the coldest air inlet temperatures Unlike old non VARIFUEL units this valve should be run at lower 5 0 7 0 gas pressure or excessive richness and misfiring might occur at light loads 2007 IMPCO Technologies
47. cles NG CNG LNG Gas Wells 750 1 150 Heating Material e Water Heating Handling e Air Conditioning Industrial e Clothes Dryers Engines e Engine Fuel Automotive e Co generation Off Road and Light Crude Oil Cooking Farm Vehicles LPG Gasoline Extraction 2 500 e Heating Material Natural Gas e Water Heating Handling e Air Conditioning Industrial e Clothes Dryers Engines e Engine Fuel Automotive e Co generation Off Road and Light Crude Oil Cooking Farm Vehicles Butane Gas Gasoline Extraction 2 700 e Heating Material Natural Gas e Water Heating Handling e Air Conditioning Industrial e Clothes Dryers Engines Biogas Landfill amp Sewage and Waste 400 750 Industrial Digester Treatment Facilities Engines e Co generation d i Industrial Coal Seam Gas Coal Fields 500 750 Engine Fuel Endi ngines e Co generation B Gaseous Fuel Benefits 1 Reduced emissions 2 Longer engine life 3 Reduced maintenance cost 4 Eliminates fuel pilferage spillage and evaporation 5 Improved fuel system integrity 6 Eliminates underground fuel storage concerns 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 100 June 2007 C Pressure Conversion Chart LPG and CNG are stored under high pressure These high pressures must be reduced before the fuel enters the engine Therefore it is very important to be familiar with the different types of pressure measurements used to test and troubleshoot problems with gaseous fuel systems The following c
48. d to set the idle stop screw so that the throttle plate is 5 to 10 open to prevent the governor from undershooting when the generator unloads Once you have the carburetor properly adjusted you can adjust the idle stop screw to fine tune the low idle speed This should improve stability 7 Install the throttle lever on the shaft and connect the throttle linkage This installation will vary depending on the type of throttle control you are using After the linkage is in place make sure the throttle shaft is still in the closed position Once you have aligned the throttle shaft and the governor you can tighten the clamping bolt on the throttle lever to 60 in lb 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 52 June 2007 Adjusting the 400VF3 Carburetor NOTE For more information on adjusting VARIFUEL carburetors refer to VAR FUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance 8 Locate the power adjust screw on the carburetor large hex head spring loaded screw directly opposite of the fuel inlet Tighten the screw until the spring is fully compressed then loosen it five 5 full turns This is a good starting point and should only be adjusted further with the engine running under full load 9 Before performing this step make sure the main regulator is adjusted correctly Refer to Adjusting Main and Sub Regulators in the Pressure Regulators section Measure the pressure differential between the outlet side of the sub regulator and the balance line Mak
49. da inte nn 91 C Regulator Installation LL AA 95 D Adjusting Primary and Sub Regulators 97 VII General Information sre securo care de s e Rr rent 100 GASeOus Fuel DVDOS 100 B G aseols Fuel Benefits oou ocu P uas aea d c ie nca n dE ids 100 C Pressure Conversion Chart nnn 101 D Crankcase Oil Requirements 101 E Effects of Temperature on Power Output 000 102 F Effects of Altitude on Power Output 103 G Effects of Altitude on Manifold Depression Vacuum 104 H Air Displacement by Fuel amp the Effect on Power Output 105 l Air Terms and Measurement x oed reine dui teen id Sopa Red ES REL AR 106 VIII VARIFUEL Carburetor Application by Engine Manufacturer 110 IX Large Engine Application Information Worksheet 113 X Test EquipmenUTools cic esie ecce ee cn uud scum u dukh deue da eG ro s ark uu ani 114 XI Conversion Factors T 117 XII Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum 131 XIII Correction Table for
50. e end with a felt pen The pipe should be tightened securely However if the torque required to tighten the pipe suddenly increases sharply the end of the pipe has probably seated against the jet boss and should not be tightened any further DO NOT over torque or under torque the pipe If it will not reach the mark without over torquing then remove the pipe and cut a few more threads with the appropriate NPT die If it bottoms out without adequate torque to seal the threads try another section of pipe or cut 1 8 3 16 from the end of the pipe DO NOT use Teflon tape on pipe threads Use a liquid sealant such as Loctite 567 or equivalent Figure 35 600VF3 Illustrated 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 81 June 2007 6 Tighten the Power Jet set screw and jam nut 7 After reconnecting the fuel line check for leaks before opening the fuel shut off valve NOTE You will have to set the power adjust screw according to whatever emissions power and fuel economy needs you have Always set the power adjust screw while the engine is running under load Refer to Adjusting the VARIFUEL Carburetor 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 82 June 2007 Recommended Service Parts Following is a list of service parts for the IMPCO VARIFUEL carburetors IMPCO recommends that you keep these parts in your inventory These are the parts which wear during normal operation of the carburetors and they are also the most likely to be damaged if an engine
51. e environments of digester and landfill gases Six basic gas valves are available for specific fuels and emissions control strategies These valves are easily interchangeable with flat blade screwdriver For all 400VF3 gas valves the gas inlet pressure should be set at 5 6 H2O column NOTE Gas valves for specific OEM applications are available Contact your local IMPCO distributor for more information Natural Gas NG Non emissions Stoichiometric A 1 0 V2 77 gas valve is used with J1 45 gas jet The NG conversion kit can be purchased under part number CKV2 77 A good initial setting for the power screw is 6 turns from full lean all the way in The A F can be set from lean to stoichiometric with the power screw for economic operation Partial throttle operation on 100 to 250 HP engines will also be slightly lean V2 77 can also be used for propane operation with the IMPCO EB converter The EB operates at 1 5 carburetor inlet pressure Natural Gas UL Ultralean A 1 4 1 6 V2 78 gas valve is used with J1 44 gas jet The UL kit part number is CKV2 78 This gas valve starts lean of stoichiometric approximately A of 1 2 and transitions to A of 1 4 1 6 7 5 to 8 5 Oz above air flows appropriate for 80 horsepower The power screw can adjust the A F within this range This valve can run richer or leaner by adjusting the power screw but the A F curve will be quite skewed and governor fluctuation can result These gas valves
52. e pressure from the gas regulator The gas valve and matching jet is sized for the gas to be used Several jet sizes are available to adapt to fuels from propane to landfill gas Gas valves are shaped to provide A F ratio versus flow characteristics defined by the customer The 600VF3 is equipped with anti wear bushings for the air valve assembly Also for enhanced temperature chemical and wear resistance the 600VF3 has a premium fluorosilicone diaphragm The 600VF3 is composed of five modular elements Air Inlet Module Air Horn Mixer Module Gas Valve Jet Module Gas Inlet Module Mixture Outlet Module Throttle Body O1 D complete carburetor consists of all five modules Deletion of either the Air Inlet Mixture Outlet Module yields a mixer assembly The attachment of the Air Inlet Module to the Gas Inlet Module uses a square bolt pattern allowing four position options for the air inlet on the 90 inlet housing A2 16 The attachment of the Gas Inlet Module to the Mixture Outlet Module uses a bi directional bolt pattern allowing two position options for the gas inlet piping relative to the throttle shaft and its rotation 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 27 June 2007 Updraft sidedraft and downdraft versions are available for the 600VF3 Mixer Module Starting is largely controlled by the initial motion of the air valve which is dictated by the vacuum generated downstream of the mixer The
53. e stainless steel J1 25 gas jet The LF gas valve is designed for a nominal gas energy of 480 BTU ft with methane and as the primary constituents Like DG LF requires the larger J1 33 power jet 600VF3 carburetors with the LF prefix are already fitted with the J1 33 power jet The power screw can be set at 8 9 turns out from full lean for best full load operation Gas Valve Chart GAS VALVE GAS JET GAS BTU ft APPLICATION V2 21 3 Natural Gas Non emissions stoichiometric J1 23 800 1000 V2 63 Natural Gas Ultralean A 1 4 1 6 V2 64 Digester Gas 540 660 J1 25 Stoichiometric V2 65 Landfill Gas 420 540 V2 94 J1 24 Natural Gas Throttling Feedback A 85 98 800 1000 V2 62 J1 22 Natural Enrichment Feedback A 1 1 1 3 1 Lower heating value 2 Also useable with propane via the EB converter 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 31 June 2007 600VF3 ORDERING INFORMATION 600VF3 Modular Assembly Except for some specific OEM engine applications carburetors must be ordered as sub assembly modules and assembled by the customer distributor One module from each of the module groups listed below is needed to make a complete carburetor Refer to the Accessories amp Options for information on the Gas Valve Kits Refer to your distributor for specific engine application carburetor availability Module Group Air Inlet AA2 16 26 00 90 Die cast 5 62
54. e the gauge connections as illustrated in figure 6 Run the engine at fast idle rated speed no load and adjust the sub regulator so the gauge reads 5 inches column INCH Connect to Low Pressure Side of Gauge Figure 6 10 Run the engine under full load The fuel pressure should not drop below 3 5 inches column If it does refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance in this section and verify the engine will achieve maximum power If it will not then there are too many restrictions in the fuel supply line network or the sub regulator is too small 11 The carburetor can be adjusted for maximum power best fuel economy or lowest emissions depending on your requirements This is accomplished by turning the power adjust screw engine at full load in to lean the mixture and out to richen the mixture Refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance for information NOTE The power adjust screw has minimal affect on starting or idling performance unless it is completely closed 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 53 June 2007 A A A 56242241 4a FD TA Ei PR 2222 00000770 4 lt A AT SI V 22 Downdraft Sidedraft 600VF3 Installation Orientations June 2007 54 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc B 600VF3 Introduction The VARIFUEL 600VF3 was designed to be a bolt on replacement for the I
55. e to the lower density of the air at increasing altitudes e Atmospheric pressure at 15 000 altitude is approximately 16 45 of HG column The manifold depression at 15 000 is 16 45 9 7 45 HG column NOTE Refer to Correction Table for Altitude on page 133 for the standard manifold depression corrections at selected altitudes 35 30 25 20 15 Atmosheric Pressure 10 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 X 1000 Feet Elevation 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 104 June 2007 H Air Displacement by Fuel and the Effect On Power Output 1 Diesel direct injection displaces no air due to the fuel being injected after all of the air is drawn into the engine during the intake cycle 2 Gasoline vapor displaces a minimal amount of air at full load since it is only partially vaporized as it enters the cylinder Also vaporization of gasoline cools the incoming air making it denser adding mass to the intake charge 3 Propane enters the induction system as a vapor adding no cooling effect to the charge from vaporization Propane s stoichiometric ideal fuel ratio is 15 6 parts air to 1 part fuel 15 6 1 by weight This is the ratio of air and fuel where all of the fuel and most of the oxygen is consumed in combustion resulting in the best performance with least emissions e Propane weighs 0 1187 pounds per cubic foot ft e Air weighs 0 076 per ft at sea level Propane s stoichiometr
56. egative pressure as air is drawn into the engine This negative pressure signal is communicated to the upper side of the diaphragm through passages in the air gas valve assembly Atmospheric pressure acting on the under side of the diaphragm forces it upward against the metering spring The metering spring is calibrated to generate about negative 6 inches 6 of water H20 column at idle and up to about 14 column at wide open throttle The amount of negative pressure generated is a direct result of throttle position and the amount of air flowing through the mixer As the diaphragm rises it lifts the tapered gas metering valve off of its seat and exposes the fuel outlet to the negative pressure generated within the mixer This allows the negative pressure signal to travel to the secondary chamber of the pressure regulator and act upon the under side of the secondary diaphragm Atmospheric pressure above the diaphragm forces it against the secondary metering spring opening the secondary valve allowing fuel to flow into the air gas valve mixer The tapered shape of the gas metering valve is designed to maintain the correct air fuel ratio over the entire operating range of the engine B Venturi Mixer Theory of Operation The venturi mixer is a very simple design with no moving parts It is placed in the intake air stream between the air cleaner and the throttle body The design of the venturi creates a slight negative pressure as air is draw
57. el entering the carburetor when the engine is under load You may need to change the Power Valve and Power Jet to accommodate different types of fuel NOTE If you are using propane or lean burn NG at low rpm you may wish to use a 400VF3 Mixer Module on a 600VF3 Gas Inlet Module and Mixture Outlet Module Throttle Body In this case you will need to use an A3 128 adapter plate Disassembly 1 Close the fuel shut off valve and bleed all fuel from the fuel line 2 Remove the fuel line You will need to access the port where the fuel line enters the carburetor in the Gas Inlet Module If necessary remove the Gas Inlet Module and Mixer Module from the Mixture Outlet Module Throttle Body 3 If equipped loosen the Power Jet set screw jam nut with a 3 8 wrench Back the set screw off 2 to 3 turns with a 3 32 Allen wrench Remove the Power Jet from the Gas Inlet Module 4 Using an open end or box end wrench 9 16 for 400VF3 3 4 for 600VF3 keep the Power Adjust Screw from turning while removing the Power Valve with a 7 16 socket see figures 34 through 348 Gas Inlet Module Cot WZ SSSSSSSSSSSSSSN m JI Ss ws IS d Power Jet 210 75 20 8 NG Propane Belleville Washer 1 068 DG LFG Power vave CL XL TOI III 2 6 Tv 277 XX XX XX SSS 5 7771 d EW S Es Mim
58. en it is usually recommended to over carburet than under carburet round the CID up In general under carburet for maximum efficiency and over carburet for maximum power Consider these options when determining your Carburetor Mixer needs 2 Determining Estimated Engine Airflow Requirements with the Chart on Facing Page The chart gives engine airflow requirements for some common engine displacements at various maximum rpms To find the estimated airflow requirement for the engine you are converting e Locate the engine s displacement in CID and maximum rpm on the chart e Draw aline across from the CID and down from the rpm e Where the lines cross is the airflow requirements in CFM for that engine Example An industrial stationary generator with a 4 cycle naturally aspirated 817 CID engine and a redline of 2 000 rom The estimated required airflow for this engine is 418 CFM rounding the CID up to 850 3 After the engine s airflow requirements are determined the proper carburetor mixer may be selected The following table gives the horsepower and maximum airflow ratings for the VARIFUEL carburetors Cubic Feet Minute Model CFM 400VF3 320 500 600VF3 540 960 57 800 600DVF3 1 000 1 600 96 000 Cubic Feet Hour CFH Rated Horsepower Naturally Aspirated VARIFUEL Mixer Carburetor Engine Applications Wide Open Throttle 2 Manifold Depression 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 5 June 2007 Formulas
59. en loosen it five 5 full turns never loosen the screw by more than 10 turns from fully seated This is a good starting point and should only be adjusted further with the engine running under full load 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 66 June 2007 8 Before performing this step make sure the main regulator is adjusted correctly Refer to Adjusting Main and Sub Regulators in the Pressure Regulators section Measure the pressure differential between the outlet side of the sub regulator and the balance line Make the gauge connections as illustrated in figure 17 Run the engine at fast idle rated speed no load and adjust the sub regulator so the gauge reads 5 inches H2O column UA INCHES W C Connect to Low a Pressure Side of Gauge Figure 17 9 Run the engine under full load The fuel pressure should not drop below 3 5 inches H20 column If it does refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance in this section and verify the engine will achieve maximum power If it will not then there are too many restrictions in the fuel supply line network or the sub regulator is too small 10 The carburetor can be adjusted for maximum power best fuel economy or lowest emissions depending on your requirements This is accomplished by turning the power adjust screw engine at full load in to lean the mixture and out to richen the mixture Refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance for information
60. er output As stated earlier an engine s power output is calculated at 59 F 15 C and a pressure of one atmosphere 14 7 PSI sea level As altitude increases the density of the air decreases due to less available atmosphere molecules at sea level there is 14 7 pounds of air molecules pushing down on every square inch decreasing with altitude This has the same effect on power output as increasing temperature The rate of power output decrease is 3 for every 1 000 foot increase in altitude Example An engine that produces 100 HP at sea level will only produce 70 HP at 10 000 feet 100 1 100 100001000 0 08 100 30 70 Horsepower 90 9 5 t o 1 0 5 0 05 1 15 2 2 5 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 T 7 5 8 8 5 9 9 5 10 X 1000 Feet Elevation 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 103 June 2007 G Effects of Altitude on Intake Manifold Depression Vacuum 1 The Absolute Pressure produced in the intake manifold during the intake cycles of an engine is constant at approximately nine inches 9 of mercury HG column above zero absolute pressure with engine unloaded 2 Manifold depression as measured with a mercury manometer is the difference between 9 absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure At sea level 29 92 HG column atmospheric pressure minus 9 HG column manifold pressure will read 20 92 manifold depression on the HG manometer 3 Manifold depression lessens at higher altitudes du
61. evel of 600 BTU f with the gas constituents primarily methane and The DG configuration requires the larger J1 48 power jet 400VF3 carburetors with the DG prefix are already fitted with this power jet The power screw can be set a 6 turns out for reasonable full load operation With a higher pressure 8 0 H20 this valve can be used with 450 480 BTU ft landfill gas operating at lean burn air fuel ratios for low emissions The higher pressure addresses the starting on a weaker gas Landfill Gas LF 420 540 BTU ft Stoichiometric A 1 1 1 2 The LF kit part number CKV2 80 is comprised of the V2 80 gas valve and the stainless steel J1 47 gas jet The LF gas valve is designed for a nominal gas energy of 480 BTU ft with methane and CO as the primary constituents Like DG LF requires the larger J1 48 power jet 400VF3 carburetors with the LF prefix are already fitted with the J1 48 power jet The power screw can be set at 8 9 turns out from full lean for best full load operation GAS VALVE E GAS APPLICATION V2 77 1 45 Natural Gas Non emissions stoichiometric 800 1000 V2 78 J1 44 Natural Gas Ultralean 1 4 1 6 V2 79 Digester Gas 540 660 J1 47 Stoichiometric V2 80 Landfill Gas 420 540 V2 88 J1 46 Natural Gas Throttling Feedback 1 85 98 800 1000 V2 89 J1 45 Natural Gas Enrichment Feedback 1 1 1 1 3 Lower heating value Also useable with propa
62. f the Gas Inlet Module are available to address the widely varying energy densities of fuels used in stationary gaseous fueled engines such as digester or landfill gases The attachment of the Gas Inlet Module also uses a square bolt pattern allowing four position options for the gas inlet piping sss Ga Jet Seat 1 a Ss Th Valve 2 m WO SEES gt SSS Es U E Power Jet Two throttle bore sizes are available 22 50 and 23 00 Governor stability can be a problem if too large a throttle is used A variety of adapters are available to mount the 400VF3 upstream of a turbocharger remote from the throttle body Also an adapter is available to mount 400 VARIFUEL mixers on 600 VARIFUEL gas inlet modules A3 128 This can save valuable engineering time when developing low speed options 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 13 June 2007 400VF3 ACCESSORIES amp OPTIONS IMPCO 400VF3 VARIFUEL Gas Valve Options The 400VF3 VARIFUEL is designed to operate with a wide variety of fuels From high energy propane butane mixes down to 420 BTU ft landfill digester gases the 400VF3 can mix them in a manageable manner To do this four gas metering jet sizes were developed with IDs of 20 625 50 750 0 900 and 1 080 these jets are completely interchangeable The two largest jets are CNC machined from stainless steel to operate in the often corrosiv
63. hart reflects how the different pressure units relate to each other Chart Instructions 1 Find the known unit of pressure in the rows on the left 2 Find the unit of pressure you want to convert into in the columns on the top 3 Multiply by the factor in the corresponding square Example To convert 23 6 Inches of Water Column to Millibars multiply the 23 6 by 2 491 23 6 X 2 491 58 8 Millibars Inches of Inches of Pounds per Water Mercury Square Inch Column Column PSI Kilopascal kPa Millibar Inches of Water Column Inches of Mercury Column Pounds per Square Inch PSI Rilopascal kPa Millibar D Crankcase Oil Requirements Always follow the engine manufacturer s recommendations for oil type and change intervals Oil used in gaseous fueled engines may remain cleaner than oil in gasoline or diesel engines However the affects of friction heat and pressure cause oil to deteriorate and it should be changed even though it looks clean 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 101 June 2007 E Effects of Air Temperature on Power Output The temperature of the air entering an engine is very important for two reasons 1 Hot air entering an engine can cause detonation and pre ignition which will damage or destroy an engine in short order The cooler the temperature of the engine s incoming air the better it is for the engine 2 As air temperature rises its density is reduced t
64. he mixture Refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance for information NOTE The power adjust screw has no affect on starting or idling performance 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 60 June 2007 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 61 June 2007 Updraft Sidedraft 600VF3D Installation Orientations 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 62 June 2007 C 600VF3D Introduction The VARIFUEL 600VF3D was designed to be a bolt on replacement for the IMPCO 600D However the 600VF3D as with all VARIFUEL carburetors allows you to change its internal gas valves and jets to accommodate different fuel types and air fuel ratios The D in the 600VF3D part number designates this as a Duplex carburetor This means there are two VARIFUEL 600VF3 Mixer Modules in the carburetor Mounting Options The VARIFUEL 600VF3D carburetor can be mounted in a downdraft updraft or sidedraft configuration Referring to the illustrations on the facing page the updraft installation has the throttle body on top and the downdraft has the throttle body on the bottom Note the part number for the air valve spring on the different illustrations The downdraft spring S2 32 2 is yellow the updraft spring S2 32 1 is silver and the sidedraft spring S2 32 3 is green There are two special springs for updraft installations on turbocharged engines The two springs are red S2 41 and blue S2 123 Consult your local IMPCO distributor fo
65. hnologies Inc 121 June 2007 Multiply By To Obtain Ergs 39362 Joules Ergs 2 39x10 11 Rilogram calories Ergs 1 020x10 8 Rilogram meters Ergs per sec 5 692x10 9 BTU per min Ergs per sec 4 426x10 6 Foot pounds per min Ergs per sec 7 376x10 8 Foot pounds per sec Ergs per sec 1 341x10 10 Horsepovver Ergs per sec 1 434x10 9 Kg calories per min Ergs per sec 39365 Kilowatts Farads 39364 Abfarads Farads 106 Microfarads Farads 9x10 11 Statfarads Fathoms 6 Feet Feet 30 48 Centimeters Feet 12 Inches Feet 0 3048 Meters Feet 0 36 Varas Feet 39085 Yards Feet of water 0 0295 Atmospheres Feet of water 0 8826 Inches of mercury Feet of water 304 8 Kg per sq meter Feet of water 62 43 Pounds per sq ft Feet of water 0 4335 Pounds per sq inch Feet per 100 feet 1 Per cent grade Feet per min 0 508 Centimeters per sec Feet per min 0 01667 Feet per sec Feet per min 0 01829 Kilometers per hr Feet per min 0 3048 Meters per min Feet per min 0 01136 Miles per hr Feet per sec 30 48 Centimeters per sec Feet per sec 1 097 Kilometers per hr Feet per sec 18 29 Meters per min Feet per sec 0 6818 Miles per hr Feet per sec 0 01136 Miles per min Feet per sec per sec 30 48 Cm per sec per sec Feet per sec per sec 1 097 Cm per sec per sec Feet per sec per sec 0 3048 Meters per sec per sec Feet per sec per sec 0 6818
66. hrottle lever to the shaft you can always tell whether the throttle is closed or open by looking at the scribed line on the end of the throttle shaft see figure 11 This line matches the angle of the throttle fly For instance in figure 11 the throttle is closed Throttle Shaft Angle Indicator Line Figure 11 5 Set the governor or throttle control for a closed throttle position Rotate the throttle shaft to the low idle position NOTE On generator installations it is suggested to set the idle stop screw so that the throttle plate is 5 to 10 open to prevent the governor from undershooting when the generator unloads Once you have the carburetor properly adjusted you can adjust the idle stop screw to fine tune the low idle speed This should improve stability 6 Install the throttle lever on the shaft and connect the throttle linkage This installation will vary depending on the type of throttle control you are using After the linkage is in place make sure the throttle shaft is still in the closed position Once you have aligned the throttle shaft and the governor you can tighten the clamping bolt on the throttle lever to 60 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 58 June 2007 Adjusting the 600VF3 Carburetor NOTE For more information on adjusting VARIFUEL carburetors refer to VAR FUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance in this section 7 Locate the power adjust screw on the carburetor large hex head spri
67. hrough expansion This reduction in density decreases the volumetric efficiency of the engine with a resultant decrease in power output The power output of an engine is calculated at 59 F 15 C anda pressure of one atmosphere 14 7 PSI sea level For every ten degree Fahrenheit 10 F 5 6 C increase in temperature there is a one percent 1 loss in the engine s power output This decrease in power output can be explained by the fact that an engine requires seven pounds of air to make one horsepower HP for one hour As the air is heated it expands becoming lighter like a hot air balloon Since the air is now lighter it takes a larger volume to make up the seven pounds required to make the one HP An engine running at its rated full load rom can only pump a fixed volume of air A 100 CID 4 stroke engine can only push 100 cubic inches of air for every 2 revolutions of the crankshaft The displacement is fixed by the engine s bore and stroke Example An engine produces 100 HP breathing in air at 60 F This same engine will only make 82 HP breathing in air at 240 F HP 100 100 240 60 10 0 01 100 18 82 Horsepower B E o 50 60 70 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 Degrees Fahrenheit 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 102 June 2007 F Effects of Altitude on Power Output The altitude at which an engine is operating has a dramatic effect on its pow
68. ic ratio by volume would then be 15 6 parts air x 0 1187 of propane 1 85 of air 1 85 air 0 076 air ft 24 34 ff of air 24 34 parts air 1 part propane by volume Assuming negligible displacement of air by gasoline an engine running on gasoline and consuming 92 000 of air per hour would produce 999 HP The HP produced running the same engine on propane due to the air displacement would be 24 3 ft air 1 f propane 24 34 ff total volume 92 000 ft air 24 34 f total 3780 ft propane 92 000 ft air 3780 ft propane 88 220 ff air e Remembering an engine requires 7 of air to make 1 HP for one hour e 88 220 92 1 ft volume of 7 of air 7 0 076 957 9 HP 4 Natural Gas NG has an even higher displacement of air resulting in even more loss of power output e NG stoichiometric ratio is 17 3 1 by weight e NG weighs 0 052 ft e Using the same formulas the power output for the same engine would be 921 1 HP running on NG Summary In this example gasoline produces 999 HP Propane produces 958 HP 4 air displacement NG produces 921 HP 8 air displacement 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 105 June 2007 Air Terms and Measurement The condition of air is described by the terms Atmospheric Pressure Absolute Pressure Pressure Differential Volume Weight and Density Gauge Pressure Atmospheric Pressure This is the absolute pressure above a perfect vacu
69. il 5 825 Motor Gasoline Oxygenated 5 150 or Reformulated Ethane 3 082 Motor Gasoline Fuel 3 539 Ethanol Ethane Propane 70 30 3 308 Propane 3 836 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 131 June 2007 Correction Table for Altitudes Standard Atmospheric Pressure Sea Level is 29 92 Hg Altitude in feet Deduct from 29 92 Hg Altitude in feet Deduct from 29 92 Hg 100 0 12 2600 2 82 250 0 29 2700 2 93 500 0 57 2800 3 03 750 0 85 2900 3 13 1000 1 12 3000 3 24 1250 1 39 3100 3 34 1500 1 66 3200 3 44 1750 1 93 3300 3 54 2000 2 20 3400 3 64 2100 2 30 3500 3 74 2200 2 41 4000 4 24 2300 2 51 4500 4 72 2400 2 62 5000 5 20 2500 2 72 5500 5 67 These values can be deducted directly when reading an intake manifold depression vacuum gauge at one of the given altitudes on a normally aspirated engine An intake manifold vacuum gauge will read approximately 20 92 Hg sea level on an unloaded engine Since the 9 Hg differential between atmospheric pressure and the intake manifold does not change with altitude the values above can be deducted directly from the gauge Example The manifold depression for an engine operating at 3000 feet would be the standard 29 92 Hg minus 9 Hg differential with an additional deduction of 3 24 Hg 29 92 9 3 24 17 68 Hg or 20 92
70. ing under full load and turn the power adjust screw in clockwise until the exhaust gas contains approximately 5 to 7 oxygen Optional Tighten the power adjust screw even further until the exhaust gas oxygen content reaches 8 5 However some engines may not run well at such a lean setting NOTE A leaner air fuel ratio will usually reduce the engine s power output especially on naturally aspirated non turbocharged engines For some engines in some situations meeting emission standards can reduce the engine s power by up to one third However the position of the power adjust screw will not affect starting or idling performance 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 69 June 2007 Lean Burn Operation Introduction Lean burn operation allows an engine to meet exhaust emission limits without an expensive catalytic converter By keeping the air fuel ration between A 1 4 and A 1 7 see figure 19 there is excess air in the combustion mixture which reduces the peak combustion temperature therefore producing less NOx In addition less CO is produced RICH MISFIRE LEAN MISFIRE E U o AIR FUEL RATIO Figure 19 A 1 00 The Stoichiometric A F Ratio Controlling the Air Fuel Ratio Fuel Pressure and Power Valve Position When the engine is starting and idling there is very little air flowing through the carburetor In this case the air fuel ratio is determined mainly by the fuel pressure comi
71. ion per Carb pd Repair Kit fluorosilicone diaphragm blue Includes iiis plate screws amp upper anti wear bushing 2 B3 60 Lower guide bushing brown 2 V1 17 Air valve anodized aluminum 2 C1 32 Cover diaphragm Gaskets Gasket Part Number Usage Description per Carb G1 79 A2 17 A2 18 2 Air Inlet 1 G1 82 A2 62 Module To Air Inlet Pipe G1 86 A2 23 A2 17 A2 18 2 AT2 18 3 G1 151 Turbo A2 23 AT2 62 2 2 62 Air Inlet Mixture 1 A2 17 Module TO Outlet A2 18 2 Module G1 81 1 A2 23 AT2 18 1 A2 62 T2 18 1 G1 80 T2 18 3 Mixture Outlet Intake Manifold or T2 62 2 Module Adapter Plate G1 79 A3 38 Optional G1 86 A3 44 Adapter Plate To Intake Manifold 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 85 June 2007 Outlet Pressure Adjust Screw Diaphragm Internal Pressure Registration Valve Plug Inlet J r Outlet Pressure Port Pressure Port Figure 36 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 86 June 2007 Pressure Regulators Introduction A pressure regulator maintains a desired reduced outlet pressure while providing the required fluid or gaseous flow to satisfy a variable downstream demand The value at which the reduced pressure is maintained is the outlet pressure setting of the regulator In most pressure reducing regulators increasing force of downstream pressure closes the regulator main valve Pressure regulators
72. ir contains 0 21 ft oxygen 59 F and 29 92 Hg pressure Natural Gas Properties Average The average weight of natural gas compared to air is a product of the specific gravity of natural gas 0 695 times the weight of air at a given temperature and pressure The specific gravity of air is 1 0 By this formula the average weight of natural gas is 0 695 x 0 076 Ib ft 0 0528 Ib ft 59 F and 29 92 Hg pressure The 0695 specific gravity times the weight of air is constant with altitude change assuming air and gas temperature remain constant Therefore the air fuel ratio remains constant from sea level to high altitude 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 108 June 2007 The BTU British Thermal Unit content of natural gas varies considerably from region to region and from producing field to producing field within a region Some regional natural gas BTU contents are Texas some fields High heat value of 742 BTU s ft Pennsylvania High heat value of 1228 BTU s ft Oklahoma High heat value of 1023 BTU s ft Wisconsin High heat value of 987 BTU s ft High heat value HHV is the total amount of heat available BTU s ft as measured by acalorimeter It represents all of the potential heat in a cubic foot of gas Low heat value LHV is the actual heat in BTU s f available to do work The difference is the BTU s ft used in the chemical reactions necessary to convert the air and gas into its
73. le yields a mixer assembly See Ordering Information for part numbers The attachment of the Air Inlet Module to the Gas Inlet Module uses a square bolt pattern allowing four position options for the air inlet on the 90 inlet housing part AA2 70 For in line flow applications a unique module is available part AA2 69 Both are designed for a 4 0 diameter inlet hose 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 11 June 2007 Starting is largely controlled by the initial motion of the air valve dictated by the Air Valve Vacuum AVV generated downstream of the mixer The spring load and weight of the air valve diaphragm assembly determines this motion Interchangeable air valve spring spacers address updraft or sidedraft installations Downdraft Sidedraft 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 12 June 2007 The gas valve and matching jet are sized for the gas to be used Several jet sizes are available to adapt to fuels from propane to landfill gas Gas valves are shaped to provide A F versus flow characteristics defined by the customer The gas valve shape is most crucial in the low flow starting and light load operating conditions Gas Valve The mixture adjustment power valve is located in the Gas Inlet Module The power valve attached to the mixture screw is positioned within the power jet ID to provide an adjustable restriction to gas flow The power valve has little influence during starting or under light loads Two versions o
74. ll the four 3 8 16 x 1 hex bolts Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern to 10 in Ib then finish torquing to 29 36 ft lbs in the same cross pattern 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 56 June 2007 Installing the Fuel System 600VF3 Main Regulator Available from Balance Line distributor Downstream pressure Upstream pressure measurement measurement Adjust Main Regulator to 18 22 H2O Adjust Sub Regulator to 5 H20 Figure 9 The gas valves in the 600VF3 are designed for a constant fuel inlet pressure of 5 H2O measured with engine running at fast idle For this reason the fuel pressure regulator should be located close to the sub regulator with as few elbows as possible to keep fuel flow restriction at a minimum 45 elbows are preferred over 90 elbows The correct installation requires a regulator and sub regulator see figure 9 In this case the main regulator produces around 20 fuel pressure and the sub regulator located within two feet of the carburetor delivers 5 fuel pressure to the carburetor For more information on installing regulators and sub regulators refer to nstalling Regulators and Sub Regulators in the Pressure Regulators section Follow these directions for the fuel system connections 4 Connect the fuel line to the carburetor If you are replacing an IMPCO 200T then you may need to reroute the fuel pipes and regulator as the GOOVF3 has a different fuel inlet locatio
75. ls 2150 Cubic inches Bushels 0 03524 Cubic meters Bushels 4 Pecks Bushels 64 Pints dry Bushels 32 Quarts dry Calorie 0 239 Joule Centares 1 Sq meters Centigrams 0 01 Grams Centiliters 0 01 Liters Centimeter dynes 1 020x10 3 Centimeter grams Centimeter dynes 1 020x10 8 Meter kilograms Centimeter dynes 7 376x10 8 Pound feet Centimeter grams 980 7 Centimeter dynes Centimeter grams 39360 Meter kilograms Centimeter grams 7 233x10 5 Pound feet Centimeters 0 3937 Inches Centimeters 0 01 Meters Centimeters 393 7 Mils Centimeters 10 Millimeters Centimeters 108 Angstrom unit Centimeters of mercury 0 01316 Atmospheres Centimeters of mercury 0 4461 Feet of water 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 119 June 2007 Multiply By To Obtain Centimeters of mercury 136 Kg per sq meter Centimeters of mercury 27 85 Pounds per sq foot Centimeters of mercury 0 1924 Pounds per sq inch Centimeters per second 1 969 Feet per minute Centimeters per second 0 03281 Feet per second Centimeters per second 0 036 Kilometers per hour Centimeters per second 0 6 Meters per minute Centimeters per second 0 02237 Miles per hour Centimeters per second 3 278x10 4 Miles per minute Circular mils 5 067x10 4 Sq centimeters Circular mils 7 854x10 7 Sq inches Circular mils 0 7854 Sq mils Cm per sec per sec 0 03281
76. m Pounds per cubic in 2 768x104 Kg per cubic meter Pounds per cubic in 1728 Pounds per cubic ft Pounds per cubic in 9 425x10 6 Pounds per mil foot Pounds per ft 1 488 Kg per meter Pounds per in 178 6 Grams per cm Pounds per mil foot 2 306x106 Grams per cubic cm Pounds per sq ft 0 01602 Feet of water Pounds per sq ft 4 882 Kg per sq meter Pounds per sq ft 6 944x10 3 Pounds per sq in Pounds per sq in PSI 0 06804 Atmospheres Pounds ft squared 421 3 Kg cm squared Pounds ft squared 144 Pounds in squared Pounds inches squared 2 926 Kg cm squared Pounds inches squared 6 945x10 3 Pounds ft squared PSI 2 307 Feet of vvater PSI 2 036 Inches of mercury PSI 703 1 Kg per sq meter PSI 144 Pounds per sq ft Quadrants angle 90 Degrees Quadrants angle 5400 Minutes Quadrants angle 1 571 Radians Quarts dry 67 2 Cubic inches Quarts liq 57 75 Cubic inches Quintals 100 Pounds Quires 25 Sheets Radians 57 3 Degrees Radians 3438 Minutes 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 130 June 2007 Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Products Table is in millions of BTUs per barrel 42 gallons High heat content Energy Source Energy Content Energy Source Energy Content Asphalt 6 636 Isobutane 3 974 Aviation Gasoline 5 048 Jet Fuel Kerosene Type 5 670 Butane 4 326 Jet Fuel Naphtha Type 5 355 Butane Propane 60 40 4 130 Kerosene 5 670 Crude Oil 5 800 Motor Gasoline 5 253 Conventional Distillate Fuel O
77. me cross pattern 2 You will now be installing the carburetor minus Air Inlet Module onto the intake manifold Place a new gasket G1 27 for naturally aspirated engines G1 27 2 for turbocharged engines in place on the clean intake manifold DO NOT use any gasket sealant as some fuels can break down different sealant compounds As long as all mounting surfaces are clean and flat there should be no problems with gaskets sealing properly Place the carburetor over the gasket and install it using four 5 16 bolts Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern to 10 in lb then finish torquing to 11 14 ft lbs in the same cross pattern 3 Next install the Air Inlet Module Lightly lubricate the o ring 53 138 with clean engine oil Install the o ring around the base of the mixer by stretching it slightly Again DO NOT use any sealant Position the Air Inlet Module in the correct orientation and slide it down against the o ring Install the four 5 6 18 hex bolts Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern to 10 in Ib then finish torquing to 11 14 ft lbs in the same cross pattern 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 50 June 2007 Installing the Fuel System Balance Line 400VF3 Main Regulator Available from distributor IMP Sub Regulator Downstream pressure Upstream pressure measurement measurement Adjust Main Regulator to 18 22 H2O Adjust Sub Regulator to 5 H2O Figure 3 The gas valves in the 400VF3 are designed for a no
78. ment Upstream pressure measurement Adjust Sub Regulator to 5 H2O Adjust Main Regulator to 18 22 H20 Figure 15 The gas valves in the 600VF3D are designed for a constant fuel inlet pressure of 5 H2O measured with engine running at fast idle For this reason the fuel pressure regulator should be located close to the sub regulator with as few elbows as possible to keep fuel flow restriction at a minimum 45 elbows are preferred over 90 elbows The correct installation requires a regulator and sub regulator see figure 15 In this case the main regulator produces around 20 H 0 fuel pressure and the sub regulator located within two feet of the carburetor delivers 5 H2O fuel pressure to the carburetor For more information on installing regulators and sub regulators refer to Installing Regulators and Sub Regulators in the Pressure Regulators section Follow these directions for the fuel system connections 3 Connect the fuel line to the carburetor Use 2 NPT refer to your local code for correct type DO NOT use Teflon tape on the pipe threads Use a liquid sealant such as Loctite 567 or equivalent 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 65 June 2007 4 The throttle lever L1 12 1 can be installed on either side of the throttle body at any angle The throttle shaft can rotate 75 from idle to wide open No matter how you orient the throttle lever to the shaft you can always tell whether the throttle is closed or
79. minal fuel inlet pressure of 5 measured with engine running at fast idle For this reason the fuel pressure regulator should be located close to the sub regulator with as few elbows as possible to keep fuel flow restriction at a minimum 45 elbows are preferred over 90 elbows The correct installation requires a regulator and sub regulator see figure 3 In this case the main regulator produces around 20 fuel pressure and the sub regulator located within two feet of the carburetor delivers 5 fuel pressure to the carburetor For more information on installing regulators and sub regulators refer to Installing Regulators and Sub Regulators in the Pressure Regulators section Follow these directions for the fuel system connections 4 Connect the fuel line to the carburetor If you are replacing an IMPCO 200D then you may need to reroute the fuel pipes and regulator as the 400VF3 has a different fuel inlet location than the 200D Use 1 1 4 NPT pipe refer to your local code for correct type Note that the pipe threads into the Gas Inlet Module body and fits around the aluminum power jet in the fuel inlet Also the pipe compresses against the flange on the power jet locking it into the gas inlet see figure 4 Before installing the pipe using a pocket ruler measure the distance from the outside face of the fuel inlet to the flange face of the power jet measurement A on figure 4 Mark the fuel pipe
80. mit because when the temperature changes the engine could cross that limit Likewise you should avoid the engine s detonation limit as discussed later We recommend that you set the power adjust screw at least one half turn away from the lean misfire limit and the detonation limit If these two limits are less than one turn apart you may need a custom gas valve The best way to keep control of the air fuel ratio is to regulate the temperature of the air going into the carburetor On turbocharged engines you can thermostatically control the temperature of the air leaving the aftercooler The cooling system should be controlled by the aftercooler s outlet temperature that is the temperature of the air as it is going toward the carburetor In general a leaner air fuel ratio reduces the engine s peak power output especially on naturally aspirated non turbocharged engines For some engines in some situations meeting emission standards can reduce the engine s power by up to one third On turbocharged engines you may need up to twice as much boost to compensate for this loss of power Beware of Detonation With higher turbocharger boost levels the risk of detonation increases This risk is greatest as the engine operates closer to 1 0 The exact detonation limit varies from engine to engine and is highly dependent on fuel constituents ethane propane etc and ignition timing As the mixtures become leaner the detonati
81. mote from the throttle body T2 80 has a shorter height to allow retrofitting IMPCO 200T s directly with the 600VF3 with only a gas line repositioning 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 29 June 2007 600VF3 ACCESSORIES amp OPTIONS IMPCO 600VF3 VARIFUEL Gas Valve Options The 600VF3 VARIFUEL is designed to operate with a wide variety of fuels From high energy propane butane mixes to 420 BTU f landfill gases the 600VF3 can mix them in a manageable manner do this five gas metering jet sizes were developed with IDs of 20 750 21 000 21 125 21 250 and 21 400 these jets are completely interchangeable The two largest jets are CNC machined from stainless steel to operate in the often corrosive environments of digester and landfill gases Six basic gas valves are available for specific fuels and emissions control strategies These valves are easily interchangeable with a flat blade screwdriver For all 600VF3 gas valves the gas inlet pressure should be set at 5 6 column NOTE Gas valves for specific OEM applications are available Contact your local IMPCO distributor for more information Natural Gas NG Non emissions Stoichiometric A 1 0 V2 21 3 gas valve is used with J1 23 gas jet The NG conversion kit can be purchased under part number CKV2 21 3 A good initial setting for the power screw is 6 turns from full lean all the way in The A F can be set from lean to stoichiometric with the power screw for economi
82. n than the 200T Use 1 1 2 NPT pipe refer to your local code for correct type Note that the pipe threads into the Gas Inlet Module body and fits around the aluminum power jet in the fuel inlet Also the pipe compresses against the flange on the power jet locking it into the gas inlet see figure 10 Before installing the pipe using a pocket ruler measure the distance from the outside face of the fuel inlet to the flange face of the power jet measurement X on figure 10 Mark the fuel pipe the same distance from the end with a felt pen The pipe should be tightened securely However if the torque required to tighten the pipe suddenly increases sharply the end of the pipe has probably seated against the jet boss and should not be tightened any further DO NOT over torque or under torque the pipe If it will not reach the mark without over torquing then remove the pipe and cut a few more threads with the appropriate NPT die If it bottoms out without adequate torque to seal the threads try another section of pipe or cut 1 8 3 16 from the end of the pipe DO NOT use Teflon tape on pipe threads Use a liquid sealant such as Loctite 567 or equivalent 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 57 June 2007 Figure 10 Connecting the Throttle 4 The throttle lever L1 12 1 can be installed on either side of the throttle body at any angle The throttle shaft can rotate 75 from idle to wide open No matter how you orient the t
83. n through it This negative pressure is used to draw fuel from the regulator into the intake air stream Fuel Area of Low Pressure Venturi Mixer During Operation 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 3 June 2007 ENGINE RPM REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE CID 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 Engine Airflow requirement listed on the chart are in Cubic Feet per Minute CFM at 85 volumetric efficiency for 4 cycle engine double the CFM for 2 cycle engines To convert liters L to CID multiply the Liter Displacement by 61 02 Example 2 0 x 61 02 122 04 CID Estimated Engine Airflow Requirements by CID and Maximum rpm in CFM 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 4 June 2007 C Selecting the Correct Carburetor Mixer 1 Airflow Capacities It is important to correctly size the airflow capacity of the IMPCO VARIFUEL conversion carburetor mixer to the engine airflow requirement If the carburetor mixer specified is too small then the power output of the engine will be limited Conversely a carburetor that is too large for an engine will create problems with idle stability and inconsistent fuel mixtures especially at low speed As a general rule the airflow capacity of the carburetor should be reasonably close to the airflow requirement of the engine If a carburetor is not available that matches the engine s airflow requirements th
84. nc 106 June 2007 Volume Volume is constant being a measurement of space rather than a condition of air or gas e Since an engine of given displacement pumps air into cylinders of a constant size the volume of air and gas required to fill those cylinders is constant Fixed Volume The fixed volume of air and gas each cylinder can draw into the engine is defined as v times the radius of the cylinder squared times the stroke or tr x stroke volume When the carburetor throttle valve is closed causing a high manifold depression or vacuum the pistons continue to draw the same volume of air and gas into the cylinders The only difference between this condition and when the engine is at wide open throttle is the weight and density of the charge are less A supercharged engine also draws the same volume into the engine with the weight and density of the charge being greater than a normally aspirated engine In the IMPCO air valve carburetor the air valve opens in relation to throttle position the same distance whether the engine is naturally aspirated or supercharged to several pounds above atmospheric pressure e The only change in total volume entering the cylinders occurs when rpm changes The same volume is drawn in per revolution however there are more or less revolutions in the allotted time 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 107 June 2007 Weight and Density of Air Weight and density of air of a given volume
85. ne via the EB converter 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 15 June 2007 400VF3 ORDERING INFORMATION 400VF3 Modular Assembly Except for some specific engine applications carburetors must be ordered as sub assembly modules and assembled by the customer distributor One module from each of the module groups listed below is needed to make a complete carburetor Refer to the Accessories amp Options for information on the Gas Valve Kits Refer to your distributor for specific engine application carburetor availability Module Group Air Inlet AA2 70 90 Die cast 4 00 hose connection AA2 69 In line Sand cast 4 00 hose connection Module Group 400VF3 Mixer air valve diaphragm spring body cover 1 66 3 VF3 Downdraft w Anti wear bushings 1 66 36 VF3 Sidedraft w Anti wear bushings 54 38 spring spacer AB1 66 3U VF3 Updraft w Anti wear bushings and S4 39 spring spacer Module Group Ill Gas Valve Jet Kit gas valve jet screw o ring amp label CKV2 77 NG Natural gas stoichiometric w J1 45 also for Propane w EB converter CKV2 78 UL Natural gas ultralean A 1 4 to 1 6 w J1 44 CKV2 79 DG Digester gas 540 640 BTU ft stoichiometric w J1 47 CKV2 80 LF Landfill gas 450 540 BTU ft stoichiometric w J1 47 CKV2 88 FR Natural gas throttling feedback A 0 85 1 05 w J1 46 CKV2 89 FB Natural gas enrichment feedback A 1 2 1 4 w J1 45 Module Group IV Gas
86. ng from the regulator or sub regulator where installed Lean burn gas valves for IMPCO carburetors are nominally designed for 5 inches fuel inlet pressure You may need to vary this pressure by 1 5 inches to accommodate different engines and fuel characteristics When the engine is running at full load adjusting the fuel pressure is counterproductive Not only will such changes disrupt the starting and idling response but they have only a small effect on the full load air fuel ratio When the engine is running at full load the air velocities through the carburetor are much higher than they are at idle These high velocities create a vacuum which draws fuel into the carburetor This vacuum effect called the Bernoulli Effect is five to eight times stronger than the fuel pressure setting of the regulator Under these higher vacuum higher flow conditions you control the air fuel ratio mainly by adjusting the power valve On IMPCO VARIFUEL stationary engine carburetors turning the power adjust screw IN clockwise will decrease the fuel inlet area and LEAN the air fuel mixture We recommend that you turn the power adjust screw in increments of one half turn or less 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 70 June 2007 Effects of Temperature The air fuel ratio varies with the temperature of the incoming air The carburetor alone cannot compensate for different air temperatures For this reason you should avoid pushing the lean misfire li
87. ng loaded screw directly opposite of the fuel inlet Tighten the screw until the spring is fully compressed then loosen it five 5 full turns This is a good starting point and should only be adjusted further with the engine running under full load 8 Before performing this step make sure the main regulator is adjusted correctly Refer to Adjusting Main and Sub Regulators in the Pressure Regulators section Measure the pressure differential between the outlet side of the sub regulator and the balance line Make the gauge connections as illustrated in figure 12 Run the engine at fast idle rated speed no load and adjust the sub regulator so the gauge reads 5 inches H 0 column Connect to High Pressure Side of Gauge AW INCHES W C Pressure Side of Gauge Figure 12 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 59 June 2007 9 Run the engine under full load The fuel pressure should not drop below 3 5 inches column If it does refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance in this section and verify the engine will achieve maximum power If it will not then there are too many restrictions in the fuel supply line network or the sub regulator is too small 10 The carburetor can be adjusted for maximum power best fuel economy or lowest emissions depending on your requirements This is accomplished by turning the power adjust screw engine at full load in to lean the mixture and out to richen t
88. ng surfaces DO NOT remove the Mixer Module from the Gas Inlet Module Also it is not advisable to assemble the carburetor on the engine Start by assembling the carburetor in the following sequence 1 First install the Gas Inlet Module to the Mixture Outlet Module throttle body with the orientation markings lined up Place a new gasket G1 78 on top of the Mixture Outlet Module and install the Gas Inlet Module with four 3 8 16 x 1 hex bolts DO NOT use any sealant on the gasket Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern to 10 in lb then finish torquing to 29 36 ft lbs in the same cross pattern 2 You will now be installing the carburetor minus Air Inlet Module onto the intake manifold Place a new gasket G1 38 for 4 flange G1 29 for 3 1 2 flange in place on the clean intake manifold DO NOT use any gasket sealant as some fuels can break down different sealant compounds As long as all mounting surfaces are clean and flat there should be no problems with gaskets sealing properly Place the carburetor over the gasket and install it using four 1 2 bolts Tighten the bolts evenly in a cross pattern to 10 in Ib then finish torquing to 40 ft lb in the same cross pattern 3 Next install the Air Inlet Module Place a new gasket G1 76 1 on top of the Gas Inlet Module around the Mixer Module Again DO NOT use any sealant Position the Air Inlet Module in the correct orientation and slide it down over the Mixer Module Insta
89. ng will have to be installed Additionally the different modules can be installed at 90 increments to one another Starting with the throttle body it can be rotated in 90 increments to the intake manifold giving you four different positions in which to line up the throttle arm to the governor and clockwise or counter clockwise throttle rotation Also the gas inlet can be rotated in 90 increments to the throttle body with a resultant four different positions Finally the 90 air 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 55 June 2007 horn AA2 16 can be rotated in 90 increments or can be replaced with the straight in line air horn AA2 22 This allows for five different orientations for installation to the intake hose The following installation instructions are tailored to the standard downdraft installation In this installation the throttle body is on the bottom and the air horn is on top If your installation is going to position the carburetor in an updraft or sidedraft position reverse the references for the updraft installation or change to left and right for the sidedraft installation as warranted Installing the 600VF3 Carburetor If the carburetor was not assembled by your distributor or the module orientations need to be changed then decide how each module will orient themselves to one another Trial fit the modules in place on the intake manifold Mark their orientations to each other with a felt marker across the mati
90. ns per cm 2 54 Ampere turns per inch Ampere turns per inch 0 03937 Abampere turns per cm Ampere turns per inch 0 3937 Ampere turns per cm Ampere turns per inch 0 495 Gilberts per cm Amp weber meter 1 Newton Angstrom unit 39363 Centimeters Ares 0 02471 Acres 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 118 June 2007 Multiply By To Obtain Ares 100 Square meters Atmospheres 33 9 Feet of water Atmospheres 10 333 Kg per sq meter Atmospheres 14 7 Pounds per sq inch Atmospheres 1 058 Tons per sq foot Atmospheres 76 Cms of mercury Atmospheres 29 92 Inches of mercury Average noon sunlight on 1 sq meter Approx 1 Kilowatt hours Bar 14 5 Pounds per sq inch Board feet 144 Cubic inches British thermal units 0 253 Kilogram calories British thermal units 777 5 Foot pounds British thermal units 3 927x10 4 Horsepower hours British thermal units 1054 Joules British thermal units 107 5 Kilogram meters British thermal units 2 928x10 4 Kilowatt hours BTU per cu ft 8 899 Kg cal per cu meter BTU per min 12 96 Foot pounds per sec BTU per min 0 02356 Horsepower BTU per min 0 01757 Kilowatts BTU per min 17 57 Watts BTU per pound 0 5556 Kg cal per kg BTU per sq ft 2 712 Kg cal per sq meter BTU per sq ft per min 0 122 Watts per sq inch BTU hr sq ft deg F 4 88 Kg cal hr sq m deg C Bushels 1 244 Cubic feet Bushe
91. on risk decreases because the combustion process is diluted and slowed with excess air This calls for an adjustment strategy that is opposite from most operators previous experience If detonation occurs lean the mixture turn the power adjust screw IN clockwise DO NOT richen the air fuel ratio Richening the mixture will increase detonation which can crack pistons and valves and could even break the crankshaft Setting the Carburetor Power Adjust Screw In order to set the carburetor for lean burn operation you will need to install an exhaust gas analyzer such as the Infrared Industries FGA 5000 Run the engine under normal load and turn the power adjust screw IN clockwise until the exhaust gas contains approximately five to seven percent 5 7 oxygen Optional You can tighten the power adjust screw even farther until the exhaust gas oxygen reaches 8 5 However some engines may not run well at such a lean setting CAUTION Avoid operation in the lean range between 2 5 and 4 5 Os Oil contamination is highly likely in this range and can lead to severe bearing valve piston ring and liner damage 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 71 June 2007 Changing the Gas Valve Jet Kit 400 Disassembly 1 Remove the Air Inlet Module Air Horn from the carburetor 2 Remove the 6 screws holding the Mixer Module to the Gas Inlet Module and remove the mixer 3 On the underside of the Mixer Module Air Valve body you
92. ormation Worksheet Complete and forward to your local distributor Name Date Company Telephone Location Fax Engine Manufacturer Model Year Displacement Cubic 1 Liters 0 check one of Cylinders Configuration Inline 0 Vee 0 check 4 L 2 Cycle 0 check one Rated Speed rpm Rated Povver BHP L KW L check one Aspiration Normal L Turbocharged L Supercharged check one Stoichiometric Lean 0 check one AFC Installed Yes No 0 check Type Ignition Type Carburetor Model SAE Flange Size Throttle Body Bolt Ctr Fuel Type NG LPG LI Digester LI Land Fill L check one BTU Known Contaminants Minimum Fuel Pressure Carburetor Engine Full Load Minimum Fuel Pressure Carburetor Engine not Running Engine Location Engine Application Generator Compressor L Pump 0 Other L check one NOTES IMPCO Carburetor Gas Conversion Kit Mixer Pressure Regulator Gas Inlet Module Pressure Sub Regulator Mixture Outlet Module Throttle Body Accessories Options Air Inlet Module Air Horn Adapters Written By 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 113 June 2007 Test Equipment Tools U Tube Manometer The U tube manometer is a highly accurate yet very convenient and easy to use pressure measurement tool It is designed to measure slight positive and negative pressures It can and should be used to measure or calibrate
93. other face type gauges Taking a reading e Connect the manometer to the source of pressure vacuum or differential pressure according to the manufacturer s instructions e While pressure is applied add the number of inches one column travels up to he amount the other column travels down Electronic Manometer Figure 45 Electronic digital manometers are very accurate but more costly than a U tube manometer They support a wide array of functions making them extremely versatile Follow the manufacturer s instructions for use on these types of meters Figure 44 Figure 45 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 114 June 2007 IMPCO ITK 1 Test Kit The IMPCO ITK 1 test kit is designed for testing and troubleshooting IMPCO gaseous fuel systems The kit contains the following e 0 200 PSI Gauge For measuring fuel container pressure or on dual fuel systems it may be used to measure gasoline fuel system pressure 0 5 PSI Gauge For measuring IMPCO pressure regulator primary pressure 0 10 Column Gauge For measuring IMPCO pressure regulator secondary pressure G2 2 Lever Gauge For correct adjustment of the IMPCO pressure regulator secondary lever Assorted Fittings Hose Instructions o o IMPCO LEVER GAUGE CHES W C Figure 46 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 115 June 2007 Gas Exhaust Gas Analyzer IMPCO recommends the use of a 5 gas exhaust gas analyzer such as the Infrared Ind
94. pes and various engine performance curves In addition custom built gas valves and jets are available for special applications For more information contact your nearest IMPCO distributor Power Adjust Screw The power adjust screw on the carburetor determines the air fuel mixture when the engine is at full power rated speed under full load It can be adjusted for best power best fuel economy or best emissions The power adjust screw will have little effect when the engine is starting or idling If it does the power adjust screw is set too far in and the engine will not be able to develop full power Fuel Pressure The pressure of the fuel entering the carburetor will have a significant effect on the air fuel ratio when the engine is starting idling or running under light loads Under heavy loads the fuel pressure will have little effect on the air fuel ratio 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 92 June 2007 Standard IMPCO VARIFUEL Carburetor Fuel Inlet Pressure The IMPCO VARIFUEL 400VF3 600VF3 and 600VF3D carburetors are designed for a constant fuel inlet pressure of 5 inches water column 5 H2O column measured with the engine at fast idle In addition the fuel inlet pressure should not drop by more than 1 5 column as the engine approaches full power rated speed under full load If it does refer to VARIFUEL Carburetor Adjusting and Maintenance on page 69 and verify the engine will achieve maximum power If it will
95. propriate meter gauge reads 18 22 column Reinstall the dust on the primary regulator Adjusting the IMP Sub Regulator After the primary regulator is properly adjusted you can proceed to adjusting the IMP sub regulator 1 Unscrew the dust cap on the IMP sub regulator and maintain the engine at high idle 2 Turn the IMP sub regulator pressure adjusting screw until the appropriate meter gauge reads 5 column Replacing the IMP Sub Regulator Spring If you cannot adjust the IMP sub regulator to 5 H2O column then you will have to install a different spring 1 Turn off the fuel supply and slowly release the pressure in the fuel line 2 Unscrew the dust cap on top of the IMP sub regulator Remove the pressure adjusting screw from the neck of the regulator by unscrewing it Remove the spring and install the alternate spring see figure 43 Outlet Pressure Diaphragm Internal Pressure Registration Valve Plug Pressure Port 7 Pressure Port Figure 43 3 Reinstall the pressure adjusting screw and tighten it to about half way down the neck of the regulator 4 Turn on the fuel supply and perform the 2 step IMP sub regulator adjustment see above 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 99 June 2007 General Information A Gaseous Fuel Types Fuel Type Origin uad Common Usage EL e Engine Fuel Automotive e Co generation Off Road and Natural Gas Cooking Farm Vehi
96. r more information If the installation orientation needs to be changed then the proper spring will have to be installed Additionally the different modules can be installed at 180 increments to one another Starting with the throttle body it can be rotated in 180 increments to the intake manifold giving you two different positions in which to line up the throttle arm to the governor and clockwise or counter clockwise throttle rotation Also there are 3 different Air Inlet Modules Air Horn available The 90 air horn end inlet AA2 62 can be rotated 180 the 90 air horn side inlet AA2 18 can be rotated 180 or you can select one of the straight in line air horns This allows for five different orientations for installation to the intake hose The following installation instructions are tailored to the standard downdraft installation In this installation the throttle body is on the bottom and the air horn is on top If your installation is going to position the carburetor in an updraft or sidedraft position reverse the references for the updraft installation or change to left and right for the sidedraft installation as warranted The instructions are for installing the carburetor without an intake manifold adapter such as used on Ingersoll Rand 8 10 and 12 SVGs If an adapter is being used make sure to orient the adapter correctly and install it with new gaskets 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 63 June 2007 Installing
97. r sec 44 7 Cm per sec per sec Miles per hr per sec 1 467 Feet per sec per sec Miles per hr per sec 1 6093 Km per hr per sec Miles per hr per sec 0 447 Meters per sec per sec Miles per min 2682 Centimeters per sec Miles per min 88 Feet per sec Miles per min 1 6093 Kilometers per min Miles per min 60 Miles per hr Millibars 14 5x10 3 Pounds per sq inch Milligrams 39358 Grams Millinenries 106 Abhenries Millihenries 1 9x10 14 Stathenries Milliliters 39358 Liters Millimeters 0 1 Centimeters Millimeters 0 03937 Inches Millimeters 39 37 Mils Mils 39358 Inches Mils 0 00254 Centimeters Miner s inches 1 5 Cubic ft per min Minutes angle 2 909x10 4 Radian Minutes angle 60 Seconds angle Months 30 42 Days Months 730 Hours Months 43800 Minutes Months 2 628x106 Seconds Myriagrams 10 Kilograms Myriameters 10 Kilometers Myriawatts 10 Kilowatts Newton 1 Amp weber meter Newton 1 Kg meter sq sec Newton meters 1 Joules Newton meter amp 1 Weber Newtons 1 355 Pound feet Newtons 105 Dynes 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 128 Multiply By To Obtain Ohm 1 Joule sq amp sec Ohms 109 Abohms Ohms 39361 Megohms Ohms 106 Microhms Ohms 1 9x10 11 Statohms Ohms per mil foot 166 2 Abohms per cubic cm Ohms per mil foot 0 1662 Microhms per cubic cm Ohms per mil foot 0 06524 Microhms per cubic in Ounces 8 Dram
98. rains troy 0 04167 Pennyweights troy Grains US gallon 17 118 Parts per million Gram calories 3 968x10 3 BTUs Gram centimeters 9 302x10 8 BTUs Gram centimeters 980 7 Ergs Gram centimeters 7 233x10 5 Foot pounds Gram centimeters 9 807x10 5 Joules Gram centimeters 2 344x10 8 Kilogram calories Gram centimeters 39360 Kilogram meters Grams 980 7 Dynes Grams 15 43 Grains troy Grams 39358 Kilograms Grams 103 Milligrams Grams 0 03527 Ounces Grams 0 03215 Ounces troy Grams 0 07093 Poundals Grams 2 205x10 3 Pounds Grams per cm 5 600x10 3 Pounds per inch Grams per cucm 62 43 Pounds per cu foot Grams per cucm 0 03613 Pounds per cu inch Grams per cucm 3 405x10 7 Pounds per mil foot Hectares 2 471 Acres Hectares 1 076x105 Sq feet 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 123 June 2007 Multiply By To Obtain Hectograms 100 Grams Hectoliters 100 Liters Hectometers 100 Meters Hectowatts 100 Watts Hemispheres solid angle 0 5 sphere Hemispheres solid angle 4 Spherical right angles Hemispheres solid angle 6 283 Steradians Henries 109 Abhenries Henries 103 Millihenries Henries 1 9x10 11 Stathenries Horsepower 42 44 BTU per min Horsepower 33000 Foot pounds per min Horsepower 550 Foot pounds per sec Horsepower 1 014 Horsepower metric Horsepower 10 7 Kg calories per min Horsepower 0
99. rally Aspirated Alt F el Rato See creer e pe e ED ud See Gas Valve Chart on page 31 Air Fuel Adjustments Low oe et ttr tir eto entes Regulator Pressure External to Carburetor Kore ME Power Screw 10 Turns Temperature Limits Max Cer E 250 F SOAKD ACK kam odore ena Mes odore pave 320 F Materials Air Valve body BB1 66 ttt d da oe ud Aluminum Hard Anodized Air Valve V 1 16 REI Heute Fani Aluminum Hard Anodized Gas Body es nn Rides Aluminum Hard Anodized Air Valve Cover G 130 o cie ette ti iot maduro Aluminum Hard Anodized Inlet Housing A2 70 or A2 69 7 tenien Aluminum Hard Anodized Throttle Body 12 7 or 12 8 ia Aluminum Hard Anodized Diaphragm 01 25 eli i edem nit Eee Silicone over Fiberglass Guid B Shings ener tee Rr RR ERR ERR uk PPS Plastic Glass and PTFE filled GAS WAV cM rm Aluminum Hard Anodized Gas Jel P Aluminum Hard Anodized Stainless Steel optional Power Valve tea R A ubt ton ieu High Carbon Steel OS et Buna N Fluorocarbon optional Fasteners amp Power 00 Carbon Steel Zinc plated and baked OOP INS ME High Carbon Steel
100. red to as proportional band 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 87 June 2007 Pilot Operated Regulators Two Stage Regulators Figure 37 Main Regulator Pilot Regulator Inlet Pressure Outlet Pressure Loading Pressure Atmospheric Pressure Figure 37 These types of regulators are a better choice when the allowable change in outlet pressure must be less than 10 of the outlet pressure setpoint Applications are similar for those with direct operated regulators but where greater accuracy and or higher flow is required This type of regulator does the same job as one that is direct operated However instead of relying upon spring force to open the main valve an auxiliary device called the pilot supplies loading pressure against the regulator diaphragm to open the valve The pilot also called a relay amplifier or multiplier multiplies a small change in downstream pressure into a large change in the loading pressure applied to the regulator It is this multiplying effect that enables pilot operated regulators to control pressure with greater accuracy Almost all pilot operated regulators have downstream control lines These provide versatility in controlling pressure at a given location in the downstream system 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 88 June 2007 Regulator Factors to Consider Regulator capacity information is based on very specific flow conditions which means a flow rate typically is given for a specific setpoint
101. s Before working on any fuel system study the NFPA standard for the fuel in use e Before working on any fuel system read and understand all manufacturers recommended procedures e Before working on any fuel system make sure you have local code approved safety goggles face shields gloves and clothing Before working on any fuel system make sure there is adequate ventilation e Before working on any fuel system turn OFF the fuel system supply valve and slowly bleed the fuel from all lines before working on the fuel system or engine e After working on any fuel system perform a leak test before turning on the fuel valve Remember e LPG is heavier than air and will sink to the lowest level Avoid areas near flow drains or lubrication pits where escaped fuel man collect and all sources of ignition e Natural gas is lighter than air and will rise to the highest point Avoid areas near overhead heaters and all other sources of ignition 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 1 June 2007 N N SS Ia 155335 d an em D A LE HS SSS LA NL Throttle Closed N X J LAY oe N ISS N a SK N AS June 2007 Throttle Open 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc Carburetor Mixer Overview A Air Valve Mixer Theory of Operation The air gas valve mixer is mounted in the intake air stream above the throttle plate and is designed to create a slight pressure drop n
102. s Ounces 437 5 Grains Ounces 28 35 Grams Multiply By To Obtain Ounces 0 0625 Pounds Ounces fluid 1 805 Cubic inches Ounces fluid 0 02957 Liters Ounces troy 480 Grains troy Ounces troy 31 1 Grams Ounces troy 20 Pennyweights troy Ounces troy 0 08333 Pounds troy Ounces per sq inch 0 0625 Pounds per sq inch Parts per million 0 0584 Grains US gallon Pennyweights troy 24 Grains troy Pennyweights troy 1 555 Grams Pennyweights troy 0 05 Ounces troy Perches masonry 24 75 Cubic feet Pints dry 33 6 Cubic inches Pints liq 28 87 Cubic inches Poundals 13826 Dynes Poundals 14 1 Grams Poundals 0 03108 Pounds Pound feet 1 356x107 Centimeter dynes Pound feet 13825 Centimeter grams Pound feet 0 1383 Meter kilograms Pound feet 0 738 Newtons Pounds 444823 Dynes Pounds 7000 Grains Pounds 453 6 Grams Pounds 16 Ounces Pounds 32 17 Poundals Pounds troy 0 8229 Pounds av Pounds of water 0 01602 Cubic feet Pounds of water 27 68 Cubic inches Pounds of water 0 1198 Gallons Pounds of water per min 2 669x10 4 Cubic ft per sec Pounds per cubic ft 0 01602 Grams per cubic cm Pounds per cubic ft 16 02 Kg per cubic meter Pounds per cubic ft 5 787x10 4 Pounds per cubic in Pounds per cubic ft 5 456x10 9 Pounds per mil foot 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 129 June 2007 Multiply By To Obtain Pounds per cubic in 27 68 Grams per cubic c
103. s illustration of the 400VF3 shows the fuel inlet on the right side just below the air horn intake However the fuel inlet part of the Gas Inlet Module can be rotated to four different positions in relation to the air horn and throttle body Figure 1 Figure 2 Mounting Options The VARIFUEL 400VF3 carburetor can be mounted in a downdraft updraft or sidedraft configuration Referring to the illustrations on the facing page the updraft installation has the throttle body on top and the downdraft has the throttle body on the bottom Note the part number for the air valve spring spacer on the updraft and sidedraft illustrations The downdraft installation does not require a spacer If the installation orientation needs to be changed then the proper spacer will have to be installed or removed The illustration of the sidedraft installation shows the 400VF3 with the optional turbo compressor mounting adaptor A3 129 Additionally the different modules can be installed at 90 increments to one another Starting with the throttle body it can be rotated in 90 increments to the intake manifold 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 49 June 2007 giving you four different positions in which to line up the throttle arm to the governor Also the gas inlet can be rotated in 90 increments to the throttle body with a resultant four different positions Finally the 90 air horn AA2 70 can be rotated in 90 increments or can be replaced with
104. see figure 28 Figure 28 5 Orient the Air Inlet Module if 90 Air Horn is being used as necessary and carefully slide it over the Mixer Module being careful not to disturb the o ring Start all four 5 16 x 7 8 bolts into the Air Horn and tighten them evenly to 90 110 in lbs 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 76 June 2007 600VF3 and 600VF3D NOTE The 600VF3D uses two 600VF3 Mixer Modules The disassembly and reassembly steps between the 600VF3 and 600VF3D carburetors are similar The instructions are tailored to the 600VF3 carburetor Any noteworthy difference with the 600VF3D will be called out in the instructions Disassembly 1 Remove the Air Inlet Module Air Horn from the carburetor 2 Remove the six screws holding the Mixer Module to the Gas Inlet Module 600VF3D Mixture Outlet Module Throttle Body and remove the mixer 3 Remove the J1 Gas Jet and o ring S3 78 from the Mixture Outlet Module see figure 29 Figure 29 600VF3 Illustrated 4 Hold the Air Valve from twisting within the Air Valve body while you remove the Gas Valve screw see figure 30 Figure 30 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 77 June 2007 5 Remove the Gas Valve and inspect the piston o ring S3 76 for wear or damage Replace the o ring where necessary see figure 31 Figure 31 Reassembly 1 Install the new V2 Gas Valve onto the stub shaft S5 29 Keep the Air Valve from twisting as in disassembly
105. spring load and weight of the air valve diaphragm assembly determine this motion Three air valve springs are available depending on installation requirements Updraft lT L Sidedraft AN css a ES zi gt A 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 28 June 2007 The gas valve and matching jet are sized for the gas to be used Several jet sizes are available to adapt to fuels from propane to landfill gas Gas valves are shaped to provide A F versus flow characteristics defined by the customer The gas valve shape is most crucial in the low flow starting and light load operating conditions Gas Valve Two versions of the Gas Inlet Module are available to address the widely varying energy densities of fuels AB1 31 2 is used for propane LPG and natural gas AB1 31 3 is used for low energy density fuels such as digester or landfill gases A larger power jet and smaller power valve are used in the AB1 31 3 module to allow higher volumetric gas flow rates Gas Jet Seat KR 47 Povver H m TAT Valve M m Wi Wh 11 WH LI CZ RS SSNS Power Jet Kos 55 Two throttle bores are available 23 69 24 19 The smaller bore should always be the first choice Governor stability can be a problem if too large a throttle is used An adaptor is available to mount the 600VF3 upstream of a turbo compressor re
106. step 4 while tightening the screw 51 3 to 27 33 in lbs NOTE Gas Valve part numbers are marked on the flat side of most valves see figure 32 Figure 32 2 Lightly lubricate the Gas Jet o ring S3 78 and install on the J1 Gas Jet 3 Install the Gas Jet o ring into the Gas Inlet Module 600VF3D Mixture Outlet Module 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 78 June 2007 4 Orient the Mixer Module correctly and set it in place on the Gas Inlet Module 600VF3D Mixture Outlet Module 5 Make sure the Mixer Module is sitting squarely and flat against the Gas Inlet Module 600VF3D Mixture Outlet Module Start all six screws before tightening them to 27 33 in lbs in a diagonal sequence see figures 33 amp 33A Figure 33 600VF3 Illustrated Figure 33A 6 Setanew Air Horn gasket part number dependent on model in place around the Mixer Module s Orient the Air Horn correctly for your installation and carefully set it in place over the Mixer Module s 7 Start all Air Horn bolts before tightening to 10 in lbs in the illustrated sequences Finish tightening them to the following torque values in the same sequences A 1 4 20 90 110 in Ibs B 3 8 16 29 36 ft lbs 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 79 June 2007 Changing the Power Valve and Power Jet 400VF3 and 600VF3 NOTE The 600VF3D carburetor has a riveted in fixed plate Power Valve and no Power Jet The Power Valve and Power Jet control the volume of fu
107. t Operated A E ll Better 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 89 June 2007 IMPCO IMP Regulator 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 90 June 2007 IMPCO IMP Regulators Fuel Pressure Regulators for VARIFUEL Carburetors Specifications Dimensions Standard Pressure Reduction Valves Standard A H Application Pressure Overall Overall Overall Bottom to Centerline Center of Inlet amp Vent Boss Reduction Length Width Height Centerof toCenter Vapor Outlet Diameter Valve of Vent Fluid NPT Fuel Boss Outlet to Outlet Top of Vent Boss CA55 100 1 3 IMP52 3 3 16 3 51 16 1 1 3 32 2 3 4 1 8 Series IMP53 35 8 37 8 5 9 16 111 32 115 32 211 32 1 1 8 5 60 438 5716 6716 121 32 127 32 278 1 18 600VF3 1 IMP81 6 7 8 3 8 2 1 32 2 3 8 3 1 16 1 1 8 Series 600VF3 amp IMP91 7 1 8 9 1 8 10 1 2 2 7 16 3 1 4 4 3 16 2 1 8 600VF3D Series 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 91 June 2007 General Information There are three main factors which affect the air fuel ratio They are e Size and shape of the gas valve e Power adjust screw on the carburetor e Fuel pressure entering the carburetor Gas Valve and Jet The IMPCO VARIFUEL series carburetors are designed to accept various sizes and shapes of gas valves and jets to accommodate different fuel ty
108. t idle rated speed no load Following the manufacturer s instructions adjust the regulator until the meter gauge reads 5 column 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 97 June 2007 Primary Regulator with IMP Sub Regulator If you are using both a primary regulator and an IMP sub regulator adjust the primary regulator first You will need to install the primary regulator manufacturer s recommended spring to maintain 20 outlet pressure Adjusting the Primary Regulator 1 Connect the high pressure side of a manometer or sensitive pressure gauge such as the Dwyer Magnehelic number 2 5040 to the IMP sub regulator input pressure port Connect the low pressure side of the meter gauge to the balance line see figure 42 2 Connect the high pressure side of a manometer or sensitive pressure gauge such as the IMPCO TG 010 include in ITK 1 tool kit to the IMP sub regulator output pressure port Connect the low pressure side of the meter gauge to the balance line see figure 1142 IMPCO VARIFUEL Main Regulator Carburetor Wu 41 1 W C Connect to High Pressure Connect to Low Side of Gauge Pressure Side of Gauge WM Uy INCHES W C Figure 42 3 Unscrew the dust cap on the primary regulator and turn on the fuel supply 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 98 June 2007 4 Start the engine and run it at fast idle rated speed no load Turn the pressure adjusting screw on the primary regulator until the ap
109. tape because it can foul the carburetor 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 96 June 2007 Adjusting Primary and Sub Regulators Before you can start the engine you will need to preset the power adjust screw This should prevent misfire and detonation while you are setting the fuel pressure The power adjust screw see figure 39 determines the air fuel ratio while the engine is under load A good starting point for this screw is four turns out from base screw spring fully compressed for the 400VF3 and 600VF3 carburetors and three turns from base for the 600VF3D duplex carburetor NOTE If detonation occurs lean the mixture tighten the power adjust screw slightly before you proceed If you cannot take the engine from idle to full load without detonation you will need a custom gas valve Primary Regulator Only If you will be using a primary regulator without a sub regulator you will need to install the manufacturer s recommended spring to maintain 5 outlet pressure Adjusting the Primary Regulator 1 Connect the high pressure side of a manometer or sensitive pressure gauge such as the IMPCO TG 010 include in ITK 1 tool kit to the fuel line 4 18 from the carburetor Connect the low pressure side of the meter gauge to the balance line see figure 41 Connect to High Pressure Side of Gauge Connect to Low Pressure Side of Gauge Figure 41 2 Turn on the fuel supply 3 Start the engine and run it at fas
110. th the spring loaded power mixture screw riveted to the Power Valve Unlike the 400VF3 and the 600VF3 no additional Power Valve Jet kit is required for different fuel applications NOTE Gas valves for specific OEM applications are available Contact your local IMPCO distributor for more information 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 41 June 2007 600VF3D Ordering Information 600VF3D Modular Assembly Except for some specific engine applications carburetors must be ordered as sub assembly modules and assembled by the customer distributor One module from each of the module groups listed below is needed to make a complete carburetor Refer to the Accessories amp Options in the 600 section for information on the Gas Valve Kits Refer to your distributor for specific OEM carburetor availability Module Group Air Inlet AA2 17 Air Horn Ingersoll Rand 8SVG AA2 18 Air Horn 8 diameter 90 side AA2 23 Air Horn Ingersoll Rand 10SVG 12SVG AA2 62 Air Horn 8 diameter 90 end AA2 38 Adapter Assembly Ingersoll Rand 8SVG AA2 44 Adapter Assembly Ingersoll Rand 10SVG 12SVG Module Group 600VF3 Mixer air valve diaphragm spring body cover AB1 30 6 Updraft S2 32 1 spring fluorosilicone diaphragm AB1 30 6H Uparaft high flow 52 123 spring fluorosilicone diaphragm Waukesha Turbo AB1 30 6X Downdraft S2 32 2 spring fluorosilicone diaphragm AB1 30 6S Sidedraft S2 32 3 spring fluorosilicone
111. the 600VF3D Carburetor If the carburetor was not assembled by your distributor or the module orientations need to be changed then decide how each module will orient themselves to one another Trial fit the modules in place on the intake manifold Mark their orientations to each other with a felt marker across the mating surfaces DO NOT remove the Mixer Modules from the Mixture Outlet Module Install the carburetor in the following sequence 1 First install the Mixture Outlet Module throttle body gas inlet to the intake manifold Place a new gasket G1 80 on top of the intake manifold and install the Mixture Outlet Module with six 1 2 hex bolts DO NOT use any gasket sealant as some fuels can break down different sealant compounds As long as all mounting surfaces are clean and flat there should be no problem with gaskets sealing properly Tighten the bolts evenly a cross pattern see figure 13 to 10 in Ib then finish torquing to 40 ft lb in the same cross pattern Figure 13 2 Start all Air Horn bolts before tightening to 10 in lbs in the illustrated sequences see figures 14 amp 14A Finish tightening them to the following torque values in the same sequences 1 4 20 90 110 in lbs 3 8 16 29 36 ft lbs Figure 14 Figure 14A 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 64 June 2007 Installing the Fuel System Main Regulator Balance Line Available from distributor Na Downstream pressure measure
112. ts 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 117 June 2007 Conversion Table Multiply By To Obtain Abamperes 10 Amperes Abamperes 3x10 10 Statamperes Abamperes per sq cm 64 52 Amperes per sq inch Abampere turns 10 Ampere turns Abampere turns 12 57 Gilberts Abampere turns per cm 25 4 Ampere turns per inch Abcoulombs 10 Coulombs Abcoulombs 3x1010 Statcoulombs Abcoulombs per sq cm 64 52 Coulombs per sq inch Abfarads 109 Farads Abfarads 9x1020 Statfarads Abhenries 39364 Henries Abhenries 39361 Millihenries Abhenries 1 9x10 20 Stathenries Abmhos per cm cube 1 662x102 Mhos per mil foot Abmhos per cm cube 103 Megmhos per cm cube Abohms 39370 Megohms Abohms 39358 microhms Abohms 39364 Ohms Abohms 1 9x10 20 Statohms Abohms per cm cube 39358 Micohms per cm cube Abohms per cm cube 6 015x10 3 Ohms per mil foot Abvolts 1 3x10 10 Statvolts Abvolts 39363 Volts Acre feet 43560 Cubic feet Acre feet 3 259x105 Gallons Acres 43560 Square feet Acres 4047 Square meters Acres 1 562x10 3 Square miles Acres 5645 38 Square varas Acres 4840 Square yards Amperes 39092 Abamperes Amperes per sq cm 6 453 Amperes per sq inch Amperes per sq inch 0 0155 Abamperes per sq cm Amperes per sq inch 0 155 Amperes per sq cm Amperes per sq inch 4 650x108 Statamperes per sq cm Ampere turns 39092 Abampere turns Ampere turns 1 257 Gilberts Ampere tur
113. um at any geographic location or temperature e The atmospheric pressure at seal level is calculated to be 29 92 of mercury column 14 7 PSI at 59 Fahrenheit e Any change in altitude temperature or movement of atmospheric air masses will change this figure and will be shown on a barometer which registers in inches of mercury column Absolute Pressure This is the actual pressure above a perfect vacuum which is impractical to produce mechanically Pressure Differential This is the difference between two pressures generally with reference to atmospheric pressure as one of the two e Intake manifold depression vacuum is actually a measurement in inches of mercury between atmospheric pressure and absolute pressure within the manifold as produced by the air pumping action of the engine against the throttle valve When the throttle valve is nearly closed idle or deceleration then intake manifold depression is high When the throttle valve is wide open hard acceleration then intake manifold depression is low e Average absolute pressure obtainable inside the intake manifold of an unloaded engine is 9 of mercury or about 4 5 PSI above a perfect vacuum Since the mean atmospheric pressure at sea level is 29 92 Hg mercury it follows 29 92 Hg atmospheric absolute minus 9 Hg 20 92 Hg manifold depression vacuum This is what you read on an intake manifold vacuum gauge 2007 IMPCO Technologies I
114. ust be calculated into the equation To accomplish this e Determine the boost pressure of the turbocharger in Pounds per Square Inch PSI e Determine the increase in supplied air pressure e The following equation is performed to calculate the percentage increase in supplied air pressure including atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14 7 PSI 1 boost pressure in PSI 14 7 CID x RPM 1728 2 x 0 85 x available pressure increase CFM Example 817 CID 4 cycle turbocharged engine with boost pressure of 6 PSI and a maximum rpm of 2 000 817 2000 1728 2 x 0 85 x 1 6 14 7 817 x 2000 1728 2 x 0 85 x 1 20 567 CFM 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 6 June 2007 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 7 June 2007 VARIFUEL 400VF3 Carburetor 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 8 June 2007 VARIFUEL Carburetor Descriptions amp Specifications Model 400VF3 Specifications Fuel DE de Propane 8 LPG 50 50 Propane Butane Natural Gas 85 Methane Digester Gas 56 72 Methane Landfill Gas 45 56 Methane Operating Pressures Gas Inlet Normal eee tune toe terere 5 H20 over Air Inlet idle setting Air Inlet Maximum REEEEMEMEEMMEEMEMEMEEEENEEEMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 75 PSI Backtfire Peak viuo tt tc a p Du di eco n po n a 200 PSI Airflow Capacity c roe E e cade 500 CFM 2 HG Depression T2 7 WOT Horsepower ntm 320 BHP Natu
115. ustries FGA 5000 This is the only empirical way to ensure adherence to emission requirements Figure 47 Digital Volt and Ohm Meter DVOM The DVOM is a standard and essential diagnostic tool It is used for measuring various types of electrical signals The use of a Fluke or equivalent DVOM is highly recommended for their reliability and accuracy Some important characteristics of a DVOM are High impedance safe for sensitive solid state circuits e Very accurate e Filtered adjustable sample rates Figure 48 2007 IMPCO Technologies Inc 116 June 2007 Conversion Factors Powers of Ten For simplification the following table of conversion factors is expressed entirely as multiplication of a known unit and quantity to transpose it to a desired equivalent unit and quantity The powers of ten are used to reduce the length of unwieldy numbers and to assist in the proper placement of the decimal point in the result Examples Multiply By To Obtain 15 Cubic Centimeters 6 10 x 102 Cubic Inches 15 x 6 1 x 10 cubic inches 91 5 x 10 0 915 cubic inches The power of 107 indicates moving the decimal point two places to the left or minus side of the result Multiply By To Obtain 15 Cubic Feet 2 832 x 10 Cubic Centimeters 15 x 2 832 x 10 cubic centimeters 42 48 x 10 424 800 cubic centimeters The power of the 10 indicates moving the decimal point 4 places to the right or plus side of the resul

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