A software application for calculating loads and actions in
Contents
1. 12b 14 18 18 Wind Pulsation Pars 6 1 6 5 6 7 6 10 A Full wind PY Parts 949 13 Snow Single span Pars 5 1 5 7 Annex 3 schemes 1 f Pars 8 10 8 12 Annex E schemes 1 2 3 buildings 2 3 10 10 Snow Two span buildings Pars 5 1 5 7 Annex 3 schemes 4 Pars 8 10 8 12 Annex E schemes 4 5 6 J 6 ds 84 1 8a Temperature GOST 12 1 005 88 Pars 11 1 11 8 Pars 8 1 8 7 SNiP 2 01 01 82 Ice on cables and ropes Pars 7 2 7 4 Pars 10 2 10 5 10 7 10 13 Bibliography 1 SNiP 2 01 07 85 Loads and actions USSR State Comm for Construct and Architect Moscow 1986 36 p 2 SNiP 2 01 07 85 Loads and actions Building rules and regulations State Comm for Construct of Russia Moscow 2001 44 p 3 DSTU B V 1 2 3 2006 Deflections and displacements Ministry of Construction of Ukraine Kiev 2006 10 p 4 DBN V 1 2 2 2006 Loads and actions Ministry of Construction of Ukraine Kiev 2006 60 p 292. for all cases except for a snow load on buildings with light roofs see Ss E IR E Paragraphs 5 7 6 11 of SNiP 2 01 07 85 Sabety coefficierts ubmate Ve Vya Ty Snow cerca alt Te Fig 2 2 1 b A safety factor for load as per DBN WEST 2 3 Reference modes 2 3 1 Densities Tables of the Densities mode Fig 2 3 1 1 contain data taken from reference manuals and related to the weight of unit of volume or unit of area of the following groups of building materials or structural parts e covering roofing parts e steel decking e heat insulation e steam sealing e water insulation e fillings and coatings e concretes and mortars e other Choosing one of the groups using their respective radio buttons will open a table that contains names weights of unit of cg volume area and safety factors for loads all related to materials according to recommendations of Table 2 of SNiP and Table 6 1 of DBN The Modify button lets you enter new property values to Pt gt gt ss Ps replace those suggested by the table Clicking 1t will open the a oon 1300 Material dialog box Fig 2 3 1 2 that contains a name and re properties of the material from the row selected marked in the i iat ins table The natural usage for this functionality is to edit or refine previously specified data for example if the specifications have been changed The same result as the one you get by clicking the Modify button can be obta
3. the TONUS application for this purpose you will need to specify the plan locations and sizes of cross sections of all load bearing parts 20 WEST Note that an accurate calculation of the pulsation component in compliance with Paragraphs 6 7 to 6 9 of SNiP requires that we know modes and frequencies of natural oscillation 1 e a detailed information regarding the whole structure The WeST application determines those as if the structure were a cantilever bar with a constant stiffness along its elevation equal to that of a bar that has a cross section bounded by the load bearing walls of the building After you have entered all the data in the General tab switch to the next one Calculate wind load Fig 2 4 4 2 where you specify e awind direction on a wall of size b on a wall of size d or diagonally e anumber of fragments into which the building will be divided along its elevation and on which the results will be obtained see Paragraph 6 7 c in SNIP The result of the calculation is represented as a plot of the wind load s static component its rated and design values vs elevation The plot can be digitized dynamically i e you can point at an elevation to get the respective load value displayed on the screen The additional results of the calculation include two dynamic amplification factors e one for displacements being an averaged ratio of the wind load s pulsation component to its static component e on
4. Figs 1 1 1 e menus which you open in the same way as those of any MS Windows applications by clicking the left mouse button left clicking e functional buttons clicking or pressing which by placing the mouse pointer onto them and left clicking once will activate certain functions actions or modes e selection buttons or boxes of various kinds which help make a choice from a number of suggested options e text edit fields which you use to specify source data for analyses All source data are numbers If a non integer is to be entered its integral part must be divided from its fractional part by period or another separator The separators are selected by the user as part of the system settings see Settings Regional Settings Number In addition scientific notation can be used to enter numbers for example 1 56e 7 e drop down or static lists to select data items from e tables to enter and display tabular data e dynamically digitized diagrams where you can point at a function s argument and in this way have the function s value displayed Menu West Snow olx File Mode Settings Service Help Initial data Snow load Covering Edit field Drop down list a Height of building H 14 7 h a TAR H Width of building B 112 Selection q a 23 degres button L 87 m hy 3 m al m f 6 m A PA Characteristic weight of roof 0
5. Time r Non heatinsulated structure emitting a Checkbox dot of heat Covering Profiled decking a 7 m Terrain Tee ar aracteristic value Snow zone fi y O 056 Tem Terrain type i y A y Average sb TR 12 EEE Open coasts of seas lakes and water reservoirs deserts grasslands wooded grassland tundra Average pee 5 JE Functional button Wu Calculate Figs 1 1 1 Controls of the application window Microsoft Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation All other mentioned trademarks are registered property of the respective companies and corporations General management 1 2 Settings The Settings dialog box can be called up at any time when working with the application It is used to choose general settings that affect the working session Generally the dialog contains the following tabs Units of Measurement Report and Languages Visualization and Profile Databases Each tab opens a property page that helps set up a particular class of the application s settings The Units of Measurement tab Fig 1 2 1 defines what measurement units will be used to describe physical quantities It contains two groups of data The first one specifies units of measurement for sizes of the construction in question forces moment etc Compound units such as moments of forces pressure etc can be defined by separately choosing their component units for example force units and arm measurement units tog
6. for each of those For a roof that has parapets Fig 2 4 6 6 there can be only one load application scheme A load distribution plot will be displayed In the case when the snow load near the parapet must not be taken into account the load plot will have zero values Limitations of the implementation For Scheme 3 one that defines buildings with longitudinal skylights the snow load is determined only in the skylight area area C in designations of SNiP and DBN Note 3 to Scheme 3 is not implemented WEST 2 4 7 Snow Two span buildings x West Soom Two span beds ie oa Opportunity of thawing a desing of a snow Heh of accommodation of buiding object above sea weed Characters value of a snow load Tae Fig 2 4 7 1 The Design tab This mode is used to calculate the snow load on two span buildings the roof profiles of which conform to Schemes 4 5 6 7 8 in Annex 3 to SNiP or in Annex Zh to DBN Two span buildings are constructed by selecting designs for their left and right spans Generally each of the spans can have one of two single pitch roofs right or left inclined a double pitch a double pitch with a longitudinal skylight or a vaulted roof This produces 25 different possible designs of a two span building Every two span building may have a height difference at the boundary between its spans The difference is counted from the ultimate right point of the left span s roof to the ult
7. left wall solid right wall permeable side walls for which to calculate the wind load Select also a wind direction for the analysis In this case we deal with a simultaneous action of the wind pressure outside and inside the building so the result will be an overall load on the selected surface The aerodynamic coefficient of internal pressure C at a given permeability between 5 and 30 will be calculated by interpolating between limit values indicated in Schemes 9 of Annex 4 to SNiP or Annex I to DBN Buildings with vaulted and geometrically similar roofs Fig 2 4 3 6 The Calculate wind load tab Canopies Chauactorishe wake 11 023 TA N piii o i a yil E Dutance hom the root edge 7m Detay wake 0 037 Tine ec Fig 2 4 3 7 The Calculate wind load tab WEST If this type of structures is selected Schemes 3 from Annex 4 to SNiP or Annex I to DBN the Calculate wind load tab Fig 2 4 3 6 will require sizes of the building Use the drop down list to select a surface type roof left wall right wall side walls for which to calculate the wind load Select also a direction of the wind for the analysis using the radio buttons For this type of structures Schemes 11 from Annex 4 to SNiP or Annex I to DBN you should use controls on the Calculate wind load tab Fig Error Reference source not found 7 to choose a design of the canopy enter sizes and select a wind direction to use The load on the
8. you add a new row after the one currently selected and the latter deletes one or more selected rows e to select highlight one or more successive rows place the mouse pointer on No of the first one click and hold the left mouse button and drag the pointer over Nos of the rows to be selected e to switch between cells of the table use the Tab tabulation key on your keyboard New rows will be added after the currently selected one so 1f you need to add one before the very first row of the table follow these steps A a highlight select first row of the table and click the Add accua ose a button to add a new row after it select first row of the table and press the Ctrl Insert keys at the same time this will copy the first row s contents to the ere a Clipboard a Windows memory buffer for copying es E aioe select second new row of the table and press the keys y o Shift Insert together this will put the contents of the eee ioa clipboard in the cells of second row and now you can fill first row with desired data The above steps can be used also to copy one or more selected rows of a table Fig 1 4 1 An example of a table 1 5 Saving data All analysis modes have the capability of saving the entered data in an external file To do it use the menu item FilelSave As when in the respective working mode This will open a standard Windows dialog box for choosing a directory and a file where to save the dat
9. NCAD aDiructure WEST A software application for calculating loads and actions in compliance with SNiP 2 01 07 85 and DBN V 1 2 2 2006 User manual Table of contents Table of contents l Geneak aN eme Ii aoaea E E lala 3 1 1 IO orere A A A E A 3 1 2 SOUNE Sea a E O T E O T it E ced ace ila 4 1 3 A 5 LA Workno Wh TAS ose se A A AS RNE 6 1 5 SAVDA aa ra Los RP o A e A A 6 Ze The Wes Tl SOLWare application tdi di ii das 7 2 1 IA PEND o e ae E et E E re en eT ee ee ee 7 2 2 SOS ee TTN A T T N ee 8 Z Rere nce MOIES ieran tots 9 Aa DENSE RA 9 NS AO 9 Zo EOS A A OS ART A AA E AIN A 11 2 DEE COR IAS it ii A td tadas 12 DBD AAA A A 12 24 DEN MOIE AA qn a a deen 13 2A A EAE E EA EE 13 DAD o a A A T T E T TE 14 DAS Wenne aA lucre 14 2AF W md Ru SOS EAS 20 A O ATR 21 ZAG Snow ino le s pal DUO tias 23 2AT SNOWN T WO S pan DUNES aac eta cane As 25 DAS Tempe a a tenant teat o e te atiet 27 24 9 lectie load on cables and TOPE E AS 21 Desiencodes implemented Dy WEST tase cw ae a a a se ni a ee a Re 29 li E ccc te ec od wid eche ucs ccae ele odes ve A 29 General management 1 General management 1 1 Controls Principles and controls that this software application uses provide a consistent user interface The application makes use of standard multi tab dialog boxes To switch to a page in a multi tab dialog box click the respective tab at the top of the dialog Additional controls and access methods include see
10. S Word A dd Hp Fig 1 2 2 The Report and Languages tab Obviously it is the user who is responsible for any corrections made to the report results of an analysis can be edited too There are differences in the RTF file formats used by the MS Word v 7 and MS Word 97 2000 applications Therefore you can choose either format in the settings in the Report Type mode Clicking the Print button in the Report group will print out the report in the form it has been generated by the application In the Headers Footers field you can indicate an RTF file name that contains desired headers and footers for the pages of the report document The file is selected from a standard list by clicking the button a gt The Paper Size lets you set up the size of paper on which to print the report a drop down list is used to select the desired size 2 If you wish to use MS Word to modify the header footer RTF file shipped with the application you need to remember it is not enough to just enter a new text you have to use the menu item Tools LanguagelSet Language and set Russian as the language for the newly entered text 4 General management In addition you can set indentation and page orientation for IX the report document The Visualization tab Fig 1 2 3 has two groups of controls Colors and Fonts Each group contains a list of controls and displays their respective attributes color and font Double right clicking opens a standard Wi
11. Selecting a desired city and clicking the OK button will carry the characteristic load value over automatically to the source data set The profile of the building s roof is selected using functional buttons that depict respective profiles available To have the analysis done click the Calculate button or point at the Snow load tab For a single pitched roof Fig 2 4 6 2 there is defined only one way of applying the load rated and design values are available for it in the SNiP analysis as well as operation and limit values in the DBN analysis For a double pitched roof Fig 2 4 6 3 there can be either one or two load application schemes depending on the roof s slope for each one you can get the load s respective rated and design values SNiP or its operation and limit values DBN 23 0 07210 079 Fig 2 4 6 4 The Snow load tab vaulted roof Fig 2 4 6 5 The Snow load tab longitudinal skylight Fig 2 4 6 6 The Snow load tab a roof with parapets 24 For a roof that has a vaulted or similar configuration Fig 2 4 6 4 there are three load application schemes and for each one a distribution plot will be displayed This plot can be scanned dynamically digitized in the similar way as was described earlier in the section discussing the wind loads For a roof that has a longitudinal skylight Fig 2 4 6 5 there exist two load application schemes A load distribution plot will be displayed
12. This mode is used to get reference information concerning values of vertical deflection limits Fig 2 3 4 1 and horizontal ones caused by cranes and wind as defined in Tables 19 21 22 of SNiP and Tables 1 3 4 of DSTU This mode is used only when working with DBN It provides reference data on the service life of structures and buildings in compliance with Annex V of DBN Fig 2 3 5 1 This information is required to set the safety factors for load y for snow wind and gust and glaze loads 2 4 Design modes 2 4 1 Self wei ght lt West Sell weight Pts ES Ple Mode Setos Serve Hib Fig 2 4 1 1 The Self weight dialog box Fig 2 4 1 2 The Pack dialog box WEST The Self weight mode is used to calculate loads caused by the self weight of a pack composed of multiple layers of different materials This functionality is implemented in the respective dialog box Fig 2 4 1 1 where the left half contains a table of materials and the right one contains a table that lists selected materials included in the pack To specify each layer of the pack you should select a group to which the material of the current layer belongs To do this select a radio button of the respective group covering parts steel decking heat insulation steam sealing water insulation fillings and coatings concretes and mortars other After selecting a group you will see a list of materials contained in it in the left table Each row of the tab
13. a The filename and its extension are to be specified by the user To retrieve the saved data later use the FilelOpen menu item WEST 2 The WeST software application The WeST application is used to perform calculations of loads and actions applied to structural constructions in compliance with provisions of four regulatory codes SNiP 2 01 07 85 which is an international document among the CIS countries SNiP 2 01 07 85 with an amendment as of 2003 N2 concerning snow loads which is in effect in Russian Federation DBN V 1 2 2 2006 which regulates loads and actions and DSTU B V 1 2 3 2006 which regulates deflections and displacements and is in effect in Ukraine The application implements only the most frequent loading cases and also those for which the necessity to comply with SNiP involves a complicated logic which often leads to mistakes as evidenced by practice In addition to this functionality to some extent the WeST application is a reference manual which can be used to check data concerning zoning of territories for loads and actions or to obtain other reference information Finally the application can be used to accumulate structural concepts frequently applied by an engineer in order to create one s own reference data storage Further descriptions of the WeST functionality merge together general capabilities and focus only on most significant features related to the implementation of differences or amendments in design code
14. and Table 11 1 of DBN Construction site data can be retrieved from the Terrain mode or specified directly in the mode s window The temperature of interior air in the room is assumed to be 22 C in the warm season of the year and 16 C in the cold season The default safety factor for load is assumed to be 1 1 cables and ropes This mode is used to determine an ice load on cables and ropes It implements requirements of Paragraph7 2 of SNiP and Paragraph 10 5 of DBN in the part related to the calculations of a linear ice glaze load The rated as per SNiP or characteristic as per DBN value of the ice load is calculated per unit of length of a cable or rope The design SNiP or limit DBN value of the ice load is derived by multiplying the rated or characteristic value by the safety factor for load In the SNiP compliant analysis the safety factor is set equal to 1 3 by default as defined in Paragraph 7 3 of SNiP The safety factor for limit ice glaze load value in the DBN based analysis is defined by provisions of Paragraph 10 10 The user is allowed to change the factor in the edit mode the T button Bs In addition to the ice load the mode calculates a wind load during glaze a gust and glaze load In the SNiP based analysis it is calculated according to Paragraph 7 4 of SNiP Source data regarding the wind zone as per Map 3 and the glaze zone as per Map 4 of the mandatory annex 5 to SNIP can be specified directly on
15. and the time of operation during which the limiting inequalities of the second limit state group could be violated The safety factors for load are based on provisions of the following DBN clauses e for wind load 8 11 8 12 e for snow load 9 14 9 15 e for gust and glaze load 10 10 10 11 1 WEST 2 3 4 Deflection limits West Dellection Brits Vertical Gefinctions Hercetsl dafiactions Horinntal datacions casad by wire Loads lar determing J Star pati itanwayi ttarceses mgeni Aeotehcd and Soane al ntemz Sara as mien 2 a j bulcorees boar pacho Prhymogca See detrition m See demon n Paesgach 1010 Paapach 1010 4 Floor slaba sansapa and grounds the 4 Of om Concerted losd 1 diacen of vah n red sect red by saari EN 100 kg al the pats E Lantels sed atan al parai ower sandon and dou operas cromibars and rurmers bu garg Notation in the table lis a rated span of a structural part ais a spacing of beams or trusses to which aerial crane rumevays are attached Notes 1 Fora cart ever e double outreach should be used evstend of 1 Lar mine af lon an gt Aatncdine t a hr le asma diran urhe a ms ha denme mr A h Fig 2 3 4 1 The Deflection Limits dialog box The Vertical deflections tab 2 3 5 Operation life Buking Smschuos Type BENE ard pocial praia post iiag liri pelabicated dencuntable nahual fle ee Ea akira Fig 2 3 5 1 The Operation Life dialog box 12
16. are constructed by choosing designs for the left and right spans from the respective drop down lists A design of the building that has been constructed Fig 2 4 7 1 will be displayed in the central part of the tab The Terrain data group contains a drop down list where you choose a snow zone this will assign a proper value to the snow load automatically a rated one SNiP or a characteristic one DBN To complete the analysis you will need also to specify an average temperature in January and an average wind speed in the winter SNiP compliant analysis only 23 All weather data will be filled in automatically 1f you select a construction site s location region in the Terrain dialog box In this part the mode is totally equivalent to the Snow mode in which a snow load on single span buildings is specified The Source data tab is used to specify data regarding the design and roofs of the left and right spans Fig 2 4 7 2 The source data are specified exactly in the same way as those for single span buildings Model leais dita Snow leas covenng Upper The Snow load tab is similar to its counterpart for single span buildings The tab presents plots of the design and rated values of the snow loads on the left and right roofs When necessary 1t shows an additional load on the right roof caused by a snow bag Fig 2 4 7 3 Fig 2 4 7 3 The Snow load tab the right roof has an extra snow bag load Limitati
17. aries vs the elevation This plot can be dynamically digitized 1 e when you point at an elevation with the mouse pointer you get the load value displayed on the screen WEST 2 4 6 Snow Single span buildings Fig 2 4 6 1 The Source data tab West Seow Fle Mode Settings Service Hep Fig 2 4 6 2 The Snow load tab single pitch roof Mew a T Fig 2 4 6 3 The Snow load tab double pitch roof Fii ES This mode is used to calculate a snow load on single span buildings with the roof profiles conforming to Schemes 1 2 3 10 from Annex 3 to SNiP or Annex Zh to DBN The Source data tab Fig 2 4 6 1 is used to enter information about the roof profile and the snow zone in which the object of the analysis 1s situated The Terrain data group has a drop down list that you use to select a snow zone next its respective rated SNiP or characteristic DBN snow load value will be assigned In addition for the purpose of the analysis you need to specify an average January temperature and an average wind velocity in the winter only for the SNiP compliant analysis All weather data will be filled in automatically if you have selected a snow zone and clicked the Apply button in the Terrain dialog box If the working code is DBN the button EE provides access to a list of cities of Ukraine that contains refined data based on Annex E concerning the characteristic values of the load
18. ated and design loads for SNiP characteristic and quasi permanent ones for DBN using lowering factors that allow for a loaded area one actually subjected to the load see Paragraph3 8 of SNiP and Paragraph 6 8 of DBN and combination factors that take into account the number of loaded floor panels in multi storey buildings see Paragraph 3 9 of SNiP and 6 9 of DBN A room type is selected in the Buildings and rooms list A type of structure for which this analysis is performed can be selected by one of the respective radio buttons To obtain the load value click the Calculate button this will display rated and design load values for SNiP or operation limit and quasi static loads for DBN This mode is used to calculate a wind load on some of the buildings structures and structural parts the designs of which are presented in Annex 4 to SNiP and in Annex I of DBN In all cases this mode determines a static value of the wind load normal to the structure s surface A two tab dialog box entitled Wind is used to enter source data and get the results Its first tab General Fig 2 4 3 1 is used to enter information concerning a terrain type and wind zone in which the object of interest 1s situated The Wind zone list and the Rated value of wind pressure field SNiP or Characteristic value of wind pressure DBN retrieve their values from the Terrain dialog box if the Apply button has been clicked in the latter Howeve
19. d also the wind load on cables ropes covered with ice The calculated results in the DBN based analysis Fig 2 4 9 4 will consist of limit design values of the ice glaze load and the limit design wind load on cables ropes covered with ice The wind load during ice glaze is calculated under the assumption that the cable rope is located in the plane perpendicular to the wind flow When calculating the wind load the application allows for the fact that the diameter of the cable rope 1s bigger than it was originally because of ice covering it Results of the calculation are presented in a graphical form on the respective tab There is a capability of getting numbers by scanning the plots Limitations of the implementation The ice load is calculated for cables ropes suspended not higher than one hundred meters above the ground WEST Design codes implemented by WeST in the analysis for compliance in the analysis for compliance with with SNiP 2 01 07 85 and DBN V 1 2 2 2006 SNiP 2 01 07 85 Pars 5 2 5 3 Annex 5 SNiP 2 01 01 82 Pars 8 5 9 6 10 7 10 9 Annex Zh Factors Pars 2 2 3 4 Pars 5 2 5 3 6 8 6 9 8 11 8 12 9 14 9 15 10 10 10 11 11 8 Self weight Par 2 2 Annex 5 Pars 5 2 5 3 Annex 5 SNiP 2 03 13 88 SNiP 2 03 13 88 DBN V 2 6 14 97 Pars 5 1 6 1 7 1 DSTU B V 1 2 3 2006 Wind Pars 6 1 6 7 6 11 Pars 9 2 9 10 Annex 4 schemes 1 2 3 9 11 Annex I schemes 1 2 3 9 11 125 14
20. e for total bending moment at the base being a ratio of the pulsation component of the bending moment at the base of the building to the respective static value Having these values permits the user to make a decision whether to perform or not perform a detailed dynamic analysis of the structure Generally the dynamic analysis is not reasonable if the dynamic amplification factors are less than 0 2 while such analysis is a must if these factors are greater than 0 4 To provide an additional check this tab gives also higher periods of the natural oscillations in the U and V planes 2 4 5 Full wind This mode calculates dynamic wind loads and takes into a account a dynamic effect of the pulsation component for vertical z er T prismatic and cylindric structures no more than 200 m high with a a nearly constant stiffness along the height as defined by eel ena nha bs Paragraphs 9 4 through 9 13 of DBN The projection of the structure F Fra natural pesod of videations less than 0 25 nec onto the vertical plane in the direction perpendicular to the wind action plane must conform to Schemes 13 14 in Annex I to DBN Unlike the Wind mode see above this mode evaluates the dynamic effect of the pulsations and their mutual correlation over Sane bangs andinos ah alone con height in addition to the static wind load Fig 2 4 5 1 The General tab Special feature of the implementation To calculate the wind load according to Paragraphs 9 4 thr
21. ether define a Fig 1 2 1 The moment unit Units of Measurement tab To do it use the button Second group helps choose the representation and precision of numeric data Data representation is defined by edit field controls where you specify the amount of significant digits in the fixed point or scientific notation The data precision the number of significant digits after the decimal point is set using the buttons 4 Increase or decrease while the button J turns on the scientific notation In addition the respective edit fields let you define what value of a certain unit of measurement should be interpreted as very small so that it is displayed as 0 as soon as its absolute value is less than the specified threshold The Report and Languages tab Fig 1 2 2 lets you choose a language in which to present all texts or captions in dialog boxes and a final report To work with the report document you can choose between the 4 gt 4 gt 4 gt a gt 4 gt to 14 4 4 4 gt Unde of mesure Fleped and Languages Vieualizaticn Riini Type cl repent ftv niek i crm Wise AS i Ne E View Edit and Print modes TRS AS When in the View Edit mode clicking the Report button in any working window will bring the report on the screen for you to view and edit it An application associated with the RTF file format Rich Text Format will be called up such as MS Word Pad or M
22. for DBN 13 WEST 2 4 2 Temporary loads West Teenporery loods CELIA searchers ADAC and cagercahont CAI M rooms fockers shoes bibesoma rethoona a lactones and publi buddro bordones of medea meth hon labcistone a educstonal and esearch tacdines a coor Diera at db adri vere Aart hacerrert b dre hole ld cdta rent aveorts c sentra ari Contetence hs wating sons concen al epee 7 To analyse the whole object C To anite construciones taking loads hon ane floor To auias Constructions Laking loads fom treo or morn Matt Hess Saracistdty lad 015 Tine Utiss kasd 0 035 Ti Fig 2 4 2 1 The Temporary loads dialog box 2 4 3 Wind krais daia Wind toad Tonan vico aro E Cowacienmtc value ot wnd erizo expoied f Bhan 3 han ard Ia plane reboot F Fist natural pesod of vibeations less than 0 25 nec Stuctun pes O Vertical outscas and oras dawning bse varita by no miia than 15 Singleapan buildings wth no shyights Singieapan baldrgs wth no rhytgtts pemanenty apen on ore sde F Buking with vaulted mols and ones close n thape Dxdended structures and elements with cylindic vatace bret tbe alacant This mode Fig 2 4 2 1 implements functionality for choosing uniformly distributed temporary loads on floor panels stairways floors etc in compliance with Paragraphs 3 5 to 3 9 of SNiP and Paragraphs 6 5 to 6 9 of DBN The mode determines full and lowered values of the r
23. i e when you point at an elevation with the mouse pointer you get the load value displayed on the screen Limitations of the implementation The wind pressure value depends on Reynolds number Re for which SNiP and DBN specify a range of values up to Re 3 2 10 When the limit is exceeded the value of the aerodynamic coefficient Cro 1s assumed to remain constant The relative roughness property A d is determined by linear interpolation between plots presented in Table 14 of Annex 4 to SNiP or Annex I to DBN In the cases of A d lt 107 and A d gt 0 05 the value of C will be determined by the ultimate curves When this type of structure is selected Schemes 18 from Annex 4 to SNiP or Annex I to DBN the Calculate wind load tab Fig 2 4 3 10 requires sizes of the element and a wind direction As in the previous case here a load per linear unit will be determined and only a component perpendicular to the element s axis is under consideration The sign convention for loads a load is assumed to be positive if its projection onto the vertical is downward 1 e if the weight and wind effects are added up The result of the calculation is presented in the form of a linear load vs elevation plot The plot can be digitized dynamically 1 e you can point at an elevation to see its respective load value 19 WEST 2 4 4 Wind Pulsation A SA This mode is used to calculate a wind load on a building or relem a str
24. ies where intensive housing takes place are separated within the tree structure According to DBN climatic actions for those can be explored more thoroughly through the zone s loads and actions defined by Annex E The respective tabs of the modes have the button clicking which will open a dialog box with a list of towns Choosing a town and clicking the Apply button will put the refined characteristic value of the action to the analysis source data fields After you indicate the location of the construction site the fields of the Results group will show the following data e No of snow zone Map 1 of Annex 5 to SNiP Fig 8 1 in DBN e No of wind zone Map 3 of Annex 5 to SNIP Fig 9 1 in DBN e No of ice glaze zone Map 4 of Annex 5 to SNiP Fig 10 1 in DBN e average wind velocity in the winter Map 2 of Annex 5 to SNiP e average month temperature in July Map 6 of Annex 5 to SNiP e average month temperature in January Map 5 of Annex 5 to SNiP Fig 2 3 2 1 The Terrain dialog box geographic latitude used to determine the maximum sun radiation value SNiP 2 01 01 82 e deviation of average day and night temperatures from the average month ones as defined by SNiP e No of wind zone for a gust and glaze load Fig 10 2 in DBN All these values can be modified by the user to do so make a selection in a drop down list Click the Apply button to store the selected values for the future use by the design modes of the applicatio
25. imate left point of the right span s roof In all cases it is assumed that the left roof is not lower than the right one The height difference will be determined automatically when analyzing source data of a selected design In cases when there is no height difference or it is less than a minimum value defined in Note 3 to Scheme 8 no additional load from the snow bag to the right lowered roof 1s taken into account In cases when the two span building is constructed of two single pitch roofs with their pitches equally oriented shed roofs in compliance with Scheme 4 of Annex 3 to SNiP or Annex Zh to DBN the snow load will not depend on the height difference between the spans For two span buildings double pitch and vaulted in cases when the height difference is either zero or not taken into account according to Note 3 to Scheme 8 of Annex 3 the snow load will be determined using Schemes 5 and 6 of Annex 3 In all other cases the snow load will be determined by Scheme 8 of Annex 3 to SNiP or Annex Zh to DBN The calculation produces a snow load on the projections of the right and left spans of a two span building in necessary cases it produces also an additional load caused by a snow bag on the right building The mode contains three property tabs e Design e Source data e Snow load The Design tab is used to select a building s design and specify source climatic data common for the whole building Two span buildings
26. ined by double clicking the left mouse button on a table row that should be modified The Add button lets you supplement any of the reference tables lia L with additional rows that describe new building materials or ooo RE geeen seit Abas products The name and properties of a new material should be anes WA MES N entered in the edit fields of the Material dialog box that opens when you invoke the action Coefficient 1 2 Fig 2 3 1 2 The Material dialog box To delete a material from the list use the Delete button Fig 2 3 1 1 The Densities dialog box 2 3 2 Terrain In many cases data concerning loads and actions are associated with the geographic location of a construction site These data can be searched for using the Terrain dialog box Fig 2 3 2 1 where there is a tree like structure of political division in the Find field of the dialog If you select a construction site in the tree the Results group will display climatic data and its field Orientation will also display the respective map fragment Using the Find button you can set up a search for the name of a political unit or a town of interest in the respective dialog box that appears As the climatic territorial zones have fairly vague boundaries on maps the boundaries are not assumed to coincide with those of the political units 1 e a political unit may not belong entirely to a certain climatic zone but be divided between two zones Large cit
27. ing temperature actions according to provisions of Section 8 of SNiP and Section 11 of DBN Ice on cables and ropes calculating loads caused by ice glaze and by wind acting on cables and ropes covered by ice deposits in compliance with Section 8 of SNiP and Section 11 of DBN To exit to the main window from any of the modes use the Menu button Also you can switch directly from one mode to another by using the Modes menu of the application per SNIF Xx Cancel Fig 2 2 1 a A safety factor for load as per SPecialized structures such as nuclear power objects other values of Conumucsons and sede Equipenant Erevtcrmmertal loads 2 2 Settings Set coefficient A specific feature in this particular application is that the button ESA available in most modes This is used to set a value for Safety factor for load yy Fig 2 2 1 The reason for this is that all working modes make use of the factor yy as recommended by the respective provisions of SNiP and DBN However for some 1 04 SNiP yr are recommended by other applicable design codes In one of those cases you should specify a different value in the Safety factor for load which will be used in calculation of the design load values the rated value will remain the same in each case If you use the per SNiP button to set the factor then in the ea Snow and Wind modes the value y 1 4 will be used which is good Petey poi econ lomera iy beer
28. ituated geographically e Coefficients reference data on the safety factor for load yy e Deflection limits reference data on deflection displacement limits as defined in the codes e Operation life as per DBN reference data on the lifetime of buildings and engineering structures The group of design modes include e Self weight finding a value of the self weight load from a multi layer pack of different materials per unit of area WEST Temporary determining values of uniformly distributed temporary loads in various rooms in compliance with instructions from Table 3 of SNiP and Table 6 2 of DBN Wind calculating the static component of a wind load for structures of various types from a set of those listed in Annex 4 to SNiP and Annex I to DBN Wind Pulsation calculating the static component of a wind load for prismatic structures rectangular in their plan and determining the dynamic amplification factor through a procedure defined by SNiP Full Wind calculating wind loads allowing for a dynamic action of the pulsation component on vertical prismatic and cylindric structures as per Sec 9 4 through 9 13 of DBN Snow calculating a snow load on structures of various types from those listed in Annex 3 to SNiP and Annex Zh to DBN Snow Two span buildings calculating a snow load on two span buildings of various types from those listed in Annex 3 to SNiP and Annex Zh to DBN Temperature determin
29. le contains a material s title its volume weight or that of unit of area of a ready made construction part and a value of the safety factor for load according to Paragraph2 2 of SNiP and Paragraph 6 2 of DBN Using the upper button gt lets you carry the material over from a selected highlighted row of the left table to the right working table where in this way you are accumulating the pack If the thickness of layers 1s fixed and may not be changed the respective row of the table will contain a blank dash Otherwise double clicking on a desired row of the working table lets you enter the layer thickness data in the Thickness column The composition of the pack defined in the working table can be edited using the Delete and Modify buttons If the pack that you have entered is a typical or standard one you can store it under a convenient name of your choice using the Save pack button Clicking the button will open a dialog box Fig 2 4 1 2 where you specify a name for the pack The saved pack will be added to the Packs list so afterwards 1t can be retrieved from that list into the working table using the lower button 21 The pack can be supplemented with new layers or some of the layers can be removed from it Clicking the Calculate button will display the respective values of the load per unit of area caused by the pack s self weight in the Rated load and Design load fields for SNiP or in Operation load and Limit load fields
30. m Fig 2 4 3 2 The Calculate wind load tab Height Serviciability value Ultimate value m Tom Tom 0 000 Fig 2 4 3 3 The Results dialog box WEST Limitations of the implementation For all structures except for canopies and walls of buildings a variation of the wind s velocity head with elevation is taken into account It is assumed for all roofs that the wind load does not vary over their height it maintains the value defined for the top of the roof When this type of structures is selected Scheme 1 from Annex 4 to SNiP or Annex I to DBN in the Calculate wind load tab Fig 2 4 3 2 you enter the height of the structure H and specify a scanning step for the result its value is preloaded by default From a drop down list available in this window you choose a type of the surface windward leeward for which the wind load should be calculated The result window displays a plot of the load vs height This plot can be dynamically digitized 1 e when you point at a certain height the screen shows the respective load value The heights will correspond to the scanning step selected before Green points marks on the ordinate axis indicate at what intermediate points this calculation takes place The spacing between them conforms to the specified scanning step The marks can be deleted and restored by moving the mouse pointer onto them and left clicking Wind pressure values in locati
31. n 10 2 3 3 Coefficients Constructions and sede Equipe Construction and sod pes Corerete rage derndy al keat 1600 bg maponty wooden Concrete awerage dertdy PEDO kg 3 and lees riadia binding and frothing lepers Islada rol matonati tiling underlayment etc done at the Factos Comeiiuchon sie Fiore wegi of sod edu diras for stability apinat overturn and in other Gases when lessened x Wruchae one shoud perform the Fig 2 3 3 1 The Coefficients dialog box The Constructions and soils tab ind earn rmsd bapaan ess ncludng ones for Larks and ppeines Fig 2 3 3 2 The Factors dialog box The Equipment tab DTA Dero ol secunence pear T 10 D Pe odicip of partble arabe sl requinaesarde of sic jait le Salty Gord beanies dali a Yi servici ales y Fig 2 3 3 3 The Factors dialog box The Climatic loads tab WEST This mode is used to get reference information concerning values of safety factors for load y defined by SNiP and DBN The Constructions and soils tab Fig 2 3 3 1 presents values from Table 1 of SNiP and Table 5 1 of DBN and the Equipment tab Fig 2 3 3 2 those from Table 2 of SNIP and Table 6 1 of DBN The Climatic loads tab Fig 2 3 3 3 provides reference information concerning the safety factors for load y for wind snow and combined gust and glaze according to DBN which depend on the service life the degree of responsibility of a structure or building
32. ndows dialog box for setting up the color and font as desired Fig 1 2 3 The Visualization tab 1 3 Menus File The File menu contains two items Menu and Exit Menu this item switches to the main window it duplicates the button under the same name Exit finishes the working session Modes The Modes menu contains a list of all working modes available in the application and helps switch to any of them without having to go to the main window Settings This menu is used to call up the Application Settings dialog box where you set up various preferences of the application 1t duplicates the respective button Tools While working the user often wants to do some additional calculations The Tools menu lets you launch a standard Windows calculator application provided it has been installed with the system a formula calculator and a measurement unit converter Help This menu provides reference help on management and functionality of the application General management 1 4 Working with tables Source data for the application are in most cases specified as tables Fig 1 4 1 To enter data in tables follow these rules e tabular data are decimal numbers what separator is used between the integral and fractional parts of a number a period or a comma depends on the Windows environment settings e in cases when the number of rows in a table is user defined the table has the buttons Add and Delete next to it the former lets
33. ons of the implementation Scheme 8 in Annex 3 to SNiP or Annex Zh to DBN considers only buildings item a and canopies item b while lowered roofs perpendicular to the main building item c are out of consideration 26 2 4 8 Temperature West Temperature Mi E Fla Moda Setting Tarde Mab Lociborialtad date Average temperature n January Laja ener abre n July ho ww Gaograchic Lunas jagt n l pHo y saaa en k Fig 2 4 8 1 The Temperature actions tab 2 4 9 Ice glaze load on Wind mone Drato vales of wind 00s PS Tenan type la Open costs of sear Iskes and water nenervors deserts gartdande wooded grattlind hunda Fig 2 4 9 1 The Source data tab of the Ice Glaze SNiP mode Wind mone piense Teran ype fi The open sutaces of the seas the lakes exposed to a werd on a ate ri ler not leet than 3 hen ard Mad ototactes Fig 2 4 9 2 The Source data tab of the Ice Glaze DBN mode WEST This mode is used to calculate values of temperature related climatic actions in compliance with provisions of Section 8 of SNiP or Section 11 of DBN The mode determines a variation with time of the average temperature of an element At comparing to the mounting temperature of the construction and a temperature difference Y across the element s cross section All data concerning the structure s type and design are taken from drop down lists they comply with formulations of Table 15 of SNiP
34. ons with marks that remain undeleted will be displayed in a table generated when you click the Table button and then shown in the Results dialog Fig 2 4 3 3 The Select all and Clear buttons let you respectively include all points that conform to the scanning step in the table plot or remove those from that There are zooming buttons on top of the load plot The plus sign marks the zoom in button clicking which will double the plot every time The minus sign button is used to zoom out the picture and becomes accessible only after the plus button is clicked To return to the original size of the plot just click the equal button and you ll be back in one step Similar buttons are used in all modes where there are plots of loads 15 Tina ull dings with T Nn gt A AC Fig 2 4 3 5 The Calculate wind load tab 16 For buildings of this type Schemes 2 from Annex 4 to SNiP or Annex I to DBN the Calculate wind load tab Fig 2 4 3 4 requires the sizes of the building A drop down list available here 1s used to select a surface type roof left wall right wall side walls for which to calculate the wind load and there are options of the design wind direction to choose from If this type of structures is selected Schemes 9 from Annex 4 to SNiP or Annex I to DBN the Calculate wind load tab requires Fig 2 4 3 5 sizes of the building Use a drop down list to choose a surface type roof
35. ough 9 13 of DBN the direction factor Ca and the relief factor C are set to 1 0 The Full Wind dialog box is used to enter source data and get the results The first tab General Fig 2 4 5 1 is used to enter information concerning the terrain type and the wind zone where the object of interest is situated The Wind Zone list and the Characteristic value of wind pressure field receive values from the Terrain dialog box 1f the Apply button has been clicked there 21 22 Fig 2 4 5 2 The Calculate wind load tab However you can choose the wind zone independently from a list The button HS provides access to a list of Ukrainian cities which contains refined data based on Annex E concerning the characteristic value of the load If you choose a desired city and click the OK button the characteristic value will be copied to the source data automatically To set up the terrain type and the structure type use the respective lists The same tab is used to specify the sizes of the building in its plan in the direction perpendicular to the wind action plane and its height The building or structure must be rectangular or round in plan Many actual structures can be represented by such a model approximately so the result of the analysis will be an approximation too The Calculate wind load tab Fig 2 4 5 2 presents results of the calculation as a plot where the full wind load its operation and limit value v
36. ply button has been clicked in it However the user may choose a wind zone independently from a list The terrain type and the structure type are also selected using the respective lists a Ma The same tab is used to specify these data sizes of the NASE wo building s plan its height the weight of the building per running meter of elevation allowing for the weight of floor panels and sustained live load average elasticity modulus of the material of load bearing constructions You also need to specify principal moments of inertia with respect to the U V axes and slopes of the U V axes with respect to Y Z along which the wind load acts A 28 opt ohm i Athe v 1S Ts 5 Pa Deny value 2143 14 Z r re x a j r a a 7 ai ae sae e gt ai a i ar Ra Fig 2 4 4 2 The Calculate wind load tab It is possible to define the geometric properties of a building using the TONUS application Values calculated by the TONUS software are retrieved from a file with the tns extension the button 5 Tons The building should be rectangular in 1ts plan Obviously a lot of real buildings and structures can be assumed rectangular only as approximation so the results of the analysis will be also approximate If the exterior contour of a building is made up by fencing rather than load bearing constructions as in skeleton buildings the moments of inertia can be found in the same way as for a multi point cross section To use
37. r if the user desires so he can choose a wind zone independently from the respective list If a rated value of the wind pressure is different from that specified in regulations then the list will not show the wind zone s name Fig 2 4 3 1 The Wind dialog box The General tab If you are using DBN as a working code the button ES will provide access to a list of cities of Ukraine that lists refined data based on Annex E concerning the characteristic load values Selecting a desired city and clicking the OK button will carry the load s characteristic value over to the source data The terrain type is selected in the respective list To set a structure s type use the available group of radio buttons After you have entered all the required data on the General tab switch to the next one Calculate wind load Fig 2 4 3 2 where you specify additional source data needed for the analysis and where you get the result Below there is a description how this window looks when working with various types of structures The sign convention for the wind pressure used with all types of structures is established in compliance with rules from Paragraph 6 6 of SNiP and 9 8 of DBN the positive wind pressure is such that it is directed towards the surface in question and the negative pressure is one directed away from the surface 14 Vertical surfaces and ones declined from vertical by no more than 152 Sutace wrowsd sutace z Sean wep
38. roof will be represented as a plot with which you can do a dynamic digitizing However instead of selecting an elevation of the point of interest you choose its ordinate on the roof s horizontal projection 17 WEST Cylindric tanks W Mea per E i Cacuste W Peot Tate Hp Fig 2 4 3 8 The Calculate wind load tab 18 If this type of structures is selected Schemes 12 b from Annex 4 to SNiP or Annex I to DBN the Calculate wind load tab Fig 2 4 3 8 will require sizes of the building Use the drop down list to choose a surface type spherical roof elevation of a wall plan of a wall internal pressure for which to calculate the wind load Use radio button controls to indicate a wind direction to be used This version of the application does not deal with conical roofs therefore the roof surface is specified as spherical As the internal pressure can take place only 1f there is no roof or if the floating roof is in its lower position the internal pressure values are presented here separately without being summed with the external pressure on the wall Which design case to choose either the overall value or the separated ones is up to the user who also has to consider various options of the tank s filling which means where at what elevation the internal pressure begins The distribution of the pressure over the tank s surface is described by two plots e ina horizontal plane at the level defined by
39. s This is chiefly in regard to the differences between two editions of SNiP 1 2 and DBN 4 DSTU 3 that regulates deflections and displacements replaces Chapter 10 of both editions of SNIP 1 2 1t contains no actual differences in comparison to that Chapter We do not distinguish between SNiP 2 01 07 85 and SNiP 2 01 07 85 in our further description because they are identical in the data that you have to provide and in the form in which the results are to be presented 2 1 Main window When the application is launched it is its main window that appears first on the screen Fig 2 1 1 The main window contains a set of buttons for selecting a working mode The modes can be divided into two distinct groups e reference modes ones used to get reference information and to perform auxiliary actions of determining loads and actions e design modes ones that implement calculations of loads actions in compliance with provisions of SNiP and DBN to select one use the Design Codes drop down list Subsequent sections provide detailed descriptions of each available mode and differences between those caused by different Fig 2 1 1 The main window requirements in the design codes Here we present only a brief characterization The reference modes include e Densities reference data concerning the densities of main building materials e Terrain determining properties of loads that depend on where the construction site is s
40. the Source data tab Fig 2 4 9 1 or carried over from the Terrain mode using tools common for the WeST application In the DBN based analysis the wind load is calculated according to provisions of Paragraph 10 9 Source data concerning the wind zone during ice glaze from the map in Fig 10 2 and those concerning the ice glaze zone from the map in Fig 10 4 can be entered directly in the Source data tab Fig 2 4 9 2 or retrieved from the Terrain mode by common WeST techniques If the current 2 Fig 2 4 9 3 The Results tab of the Ice Glaze SNiP mode Fla Moda Settings Service Melo infiel dota Penas 4 04 04 1 1214 16 10 2 2224 37 O L EA IZ Fig 2 4 9 4 The Results tab of the Ice 28 Glaze DBN mode working code is DBN the ES button will provide access to a list of Ukrainian cities which contains refined data based on Annex E concerning the load s characteristic values If you select a city and click the OK button the characteristic value of the load will be carried over to the source data set In addition the loads can be revised on the basis of the zone loads defined by provisions of Annex E On the Source data tab the user can specify a thickness of the ice glaze and a wind load value different from those set for the current zone by SNiP and DBN The calculated results in the SNiP based analysis Fig 2 4 9 3 will consist of rated and design values of the ice glaze load an
41. the h property Wall in plan which is included in the Surface drop down menu e ona vertical the position of which is determined by an angle B between a radius that crosses the vertical and the horizontal axis Wall elevation in the Surface drop down menu Depending on which of the plots has been selected the result will be e a distribution of the wind pressure across the plan at a given elevation e a variation of the wind pressure with height in a given position of the vertical Extended structures and elements with cylindrical Surfaces W Mena pers MA Cuse y Peot E Tte y Heb Fig 2 4 3 9 The Calculate wind load tab Oblique tubular elements Fig 2 4 3 10 The Calculate wind load tab WEST For structures of this type unlike ones described before the load is referred to unit of length rather than to unit of area After you select this type of structures Schemes 14 from Annex 4 to SNiP or Annex I to DBN in the Calculate wind load tab Fig 2 4 3 9 you need to specify the height and diameter of the structure and choose a surface type from a drop down list wooden steel concrete ferroconcrete masonry thus defining the surface s degree of roughness A If necessary this property can be entered explicitly in the respective edit field The result of the calculation will be represented as a plot of the load per unit of line vs elevation This plot can be dynamically digitized
42. ucture which is prismatic and rectangular in its plan and has a constant stiffness along its height this includes also structures that can be simulated by this model approximately Scheme 13 in Annex fog sacra peeps espera 4 to SNIP IOMA AMA taooto borst 10 m Unlike the Wind mode see above this one does more than evaluation of a static wind load The mode also evaluates a dynamic pulsation effect and gives recommendations on whether a detailed dynamical analysis is required In addition it gives an estimate of the dynamic amplification factor which can be the basis for making the decision whether a detailed analysis is really necessary and whether the pulsation component should be taken into account Cooper Fig 2 4 4 1 The General tab Special feature of the implementation The pulsation component of the wind load is calculated in compliance with Paragraph 6 7 c of SNiP the calculation also complies with a requirement of Paragraph 6 8 that the inertia forces should be taken into account if the oscillation takes place at a frequency greater than the ultimate one A two tab dialog box entitled Wind Pulsation is used to enter source data and obtain results Its first tab General Fig 2 4 4 1 is used to enter information related to a terrain type and wind zone where an object of interest is situated The Wind zone list and the Rated value of wind pressure field retrieve their values from the Terrain dialog box if the Ap
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search