Full Leg Spine SW Manual
Contents
1. and new target coordinate positions of all grid lines in each sub image determined A de skewing operation follows in which firstly the vertical grid lines and secondly the horizontal grid lines are shifted to their associated perfect target positions Linear interpolation determines how much each pixel in the target image should be adjusted A further interpolation process is now needed to resample the input image The method selected for this known as the cubic B spline interpolating kernel computes the target pixel s value from the input image pixels in such a way as to maintain maximum image resolution The result of this process is an image with equidistant and perfectly horizontal vertical grid lines It now remains to correct the overlap between successive images After this has been done the image stitching module finally builds a composite total body image from the adjusted sub images omitting any overlap regions es 2914 GB 199811 3 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Clinical advantages of the full body imaging technique Orthopedic diagnosis will benefit from this new and innovative application software in areas such as the assessment of scoleosis Potential applications include for example accurate measurement of spine angles and distances between anatomic entities assessment of the evolution of therapy over time identification of orthopedic surgery indications Others will no doubt e2. ADC COMPACT FULL LEG FULL SPINE APPLICATION SOFTWARE USER MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Full leg full spine image stitching a new and accurate CR based imaging software 1 The conventional approach 1 CR and the automation of full body imaging 1 Steps in the image stitching algorithm 3 Clinical advantages of the full body imaging technique 4 Full Leg Full Spine Stitching how to proceed 5 Introduction Performing the examination Method 1 several plates in a full leg full spine cassette Plate and cassette selection Making up the cassette Exposure Method 2 several ADC cassettes in a special cassette holder ANoOa HA oO es 2914 GB 199811 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Image Stitching 10 Opening the Full Leg Full Spine mode and selecting the image series using the Controller button 10 Full Leg Full Spine mode and pre composition adjustments 13 Image stitching proper 17 Manual correction 19 Returning to the Full Leg Full Spine browser screen 21 2214A GB 199811 ee ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Full leg full spine image stitching a new and accurate CR based imaging software The conventional approach Full leg and full spine radiological examinations require a larger portion of the body to be imaged than can be fitted onto even the largest single imaging cassette Conventional screen film radiography has evolved methods for dealing with this problem When the sub imag
3. ate and cassette you are going to use Typically this will be Four 24 x 30 cm plates with a 30 x 90 cm cassette for a full spine examination 221 68 199811 5 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Three 35 x 43 cm plates with a 35 x 120 cm cassette for a full leg examination Making up the cassette In order to make up the cassette proceed as follows 1 Put the first plate in the cassette on the extreme left hand side The plates phosphor side should be facing the black tube side of the cassette Take care that the first bottom of image plate is completely exposed as this is the reference plate 2 Insert the remaining plates from left to right as shown in the illustration below All overlaps between the plates should be approximately 2 cm except for the final one which may need to be as much as 10 cm ee y d Plates Cassette Tube side 2214A GB 199811 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software 3 Close the cassette 4 Make sure that the special grid is in place on the tube side of the cassette or in the cassette proper Its line distance should be between 30 and 70 mm 5 Use intensifying screens if appropriate 6 The gradual filter is not necessary as it can be simulated using Musica processing Exposure After having made up the cassette proceed as follows 1 Make a complete exposure of the
4. cassette 2 Open the cassette and put all the plates back in the ADC cassettes This can be done in daylight es 2 GB 199811 7 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software 8 2214A GB 199811 Method 2 several ADC cassettes in a special cassette holder The procedure to be followed is very similar to the first method using plates and cassettes Put three ADC Compact cassettes in the specially built cassette holder as shown above The ADC cassettes used for this method are typically 14 x 17 cassettes Make a complete exposure of all three cassettes Remove the cassettes from the cassette holder and have them digitized ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Note When identifying the Full Leg Full Spine sub images using the ADC Compact Identification Software see to it that the relevant sub images are identified as full spine or full leg examinations to make sure that the constituent images are accurately aligned in an upright position and processed using the same image processing parameters F ADC2 IDENTIFICATION STATION lt IDEN gt IDENTIFICATION SCREEN Fie Configuration Mode Perform Help AGFA DEFAULT hd SPINE ta FULL SPINE FULL SPINE AP ia Landscape 200 emmo Ready for identification 19 03 1997 19 09 28 199811 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Image Stitching N
5. e shift The displacement of an image in a direction perpendicular to the body axis rotation Image rotation is caused by a slight rotation of the imaging plate in the cassette interline distance foreshortening in vertical and or horizontal direction is caused by a slight tilt in the plates from the vertical or horizontal plane The digital image processing algorithm of the ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software has been designed to correct all of these distortions simultaneously and to assemble one composite image showing geometric continuity of body parts This is the technique known as image stitching as the anatomic entities crossing image borders are re arranged in an uninterrupted and seamless way 2 2214A GB 199811 ee ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Steps in the image stitching algorithm What are the key elements of the image stitching algorithm used in the ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software First the sub images are input into the user interface of the ADC Compact Interactive Processing software where the operator indicates the order of the constituent images and rotates them where necessary so that all body parts are in the upright position From here the stitching process proceeds automatically The grid lines are now extracted from each image and stored in analytical form In the grid calibration step horizontal and vertical periodicity vectors are extracted
6. erations and re sampling of the image with retention of maximum image sharpness ee 214 68 199811 A ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software 2 The resulting composite stitched image is then displayed on the right 1 8 2214 GB 199811 m ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Manual correction 1 Where overlap values are very small the overlap computation may be erroneous due to there not being enough pixels for reliable computation of cross correlation values 2 You can now manually correct i e increase or decrease the overlap between the constituent images vertically using the MORE and FEWER correction buttons and if necessary shift the images to the right or to the left using the L and R buttons These correction buttons appear to the left of the stitched image one button for each image pair 1 2 2 3 and 3 4 ln Nore Fewer 2214 GB 199811 19 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software 3 Press STITCH a second time This corrects the overlap value by the integral amount of Planfeld grid periods indicated by the vertical shift value Although horizontal overlap errors are very unlikely to occur a similar correction may be made to adjust the horizontal shift by an integral number of periods Prise wait 2214A GB 199811 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software 4 Again a waiting message asks
7. es generated on separate films are put together grid lines are used to ensure that they are correctly aligned However the overall process is exacting and not always completely accurate CR and the automation of full body imaging The process for obtaining a full leg full spine image using the ADC Compact system is similar to the method used in conventional radiography except that the screen film system is obviously replaced with phosphor plates During exposure an attenuating grid is present in the path of the X ray beam which leaves the imprint of a regular framework of thin parallel horizontal and vertical lines on the images But once the images have reached the workstation they cannot easily be brought into perfect alignment as the degree of distortion is not qualified or quantified The ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software automates the process of forming a geometrically accurate full body image with as little user interaction as possible There are several sources of misalignment or skew any or all of which may be present overlap Typically four 24 x 30 cm plates are arranged in a 30 x 90 cm cassette for a full spine exam and three 35 x 43 cm plates are arranged in a 35 x 105 cm cassette for a full leg exam Where the plates overlap the image will be normally exposed for the plate lying on top and less exposed for the plate underneath 2944 GB 199811 1 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Softwar
8. he right of each constituent image as shown in the sample screen below In the sample screen above the third abdominal image appears to be wrongly orientated Press the TURN 90 button until the image is properly orientated and aligned After the image has been rotated into its proper upright position the system shows the following screen Turn ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software 4 If all images are incorrectly orientated as in the sample screen below their orientation can be adjusted jointly using the bottommost set of orientation buttons 2240 68 199811 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Press the TURN 905 button in the bottommost set of buttons twice to rotate all four constituent images together by 180 S AIR cr Turn 90 Flip Hor Flip Wer The system shows a screen displaying the constituent images properly orientated 1 3 2214A GB 199811 m ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Image stitching proper 1 When the order and orientation of the constituent images is correct press the STITCH button He The ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software now assembles the sequence of constituent images into one composite image A message asks you to wait until the total image has been calculated This might take a few minutes because of the need for precision image rotation skewing and deskewing op
9. merge during routine use of the software package 4 2214A GB 199811 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Full Leg Full Spine Stitching how to proceed Introduction As explained above full spine and full leg examinations require the use of several overlapping plates in a single cassette or the use of several ADC Compact cassettes in a specially built cassette holder The sub images that are created are then combined into a single image with the help of attenuating grid lines to ensure accurate alignment during exposure The ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software compensates for the various sources of misalignment referred to above like overlap shift rotation and perspective foreshortening The complete procedure is as follows Performing the examination The ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software requires the use of a special Planfeld grid during exposure The minimal line distance of this grid must be more than 30 mm and the maximum line distance must be less than 70 mm Currently there are two different methods for performing the exposure Several plates in a full leg full spine cassette Several ADC cassettes in a specially designed cassette holder The ensuing image composition or stitching process is identical whichever exposure method is used Method 1 several plates in a full leg full spine cassette Plate and cassette selection Select the size of pl
10. ons refer to the relevant ADC Compact User Manuals 2214A GB 199811 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software 2214A GB 199811 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Printed in Belgium Published by Agfa Gevaert N V B 2640 Mortsel Belgium AG FA 2214A GB 199811
11. ote 2214A GB 199811 In order to stitch the Full Leg Full Spine sub images into one composite image proceed as follows Opening the Full Leg Full Spine mode and selecting the image series using the Controller button Click the Controller button in the interactive processing browser screen Then select Full Leg Spine in the drop down menu as shown below When the Full Leg Full Spine option has been opened using the Controller drop down menu the browser screen that is returned is identical to the browser screen used in interactive image processing with the exception that it features two buttons viz an INFO button and a STITCH button The Controller drop down menu features the Full Leg Spine functionality only when the ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software has been licensed ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software 2 On the Full Leg Full Spine browser screen select all sub images that will make up the desired composite image starting with the anatomically bottommost image first and ending with the topmost image as shown in the sample screen below 3 Only after the selection of an image from the Full Leg Full Spine browser screen do the INFO and STITCH buttons become active The INFO button provides access to information pertaining to any selected image but unlike the Info screens used in the Interactive Processing browser mode the information shown in the Full Leg Full Spine b
12. rowser mode cannot be modified or edited es 2214 5 3 199811 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software io sg 74 gt tem pty cot DEFA The STITCH button can only be activated when at least two images have been selected in the Full Leg Full Spine browser screen Pressing the STITCH button initiates the first step in the stitching process 2214A GB 199811 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software Full Leg Full Spine mode and pre composition adjustments 1 Pressing the STITCH button in the Full Leg Full Spine browser screen causes a screen to appear displaying all the constituent images one above the other on the left hand side of the screen The first selected image is displayed at the bottom If the constituent images are not displayed in the proper order press CANCEL to return to the Full Leg Full Spine browser screen and restart the whole process selecting the constituent images that will make up the desired composite image starting with the anatomically bottommost image first and ending with the topmost image 2240 68 199811 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software 2214A GB 199811 Make any adjustments that are necessary Wrong orientation of any individual constituent image can be corrected by turning the image in 90 steps or by flipping it horizontally or vertically using the set of three orientation buttons on t
13. you to wait until the overlap has been re calculated The system then shows the stitched image with the corrected overlaps The stitched image is characterized by the presence of line like sub image separations They are due to the non scanned top portion of the second third and fourth plate Returning to the Full Leg Full Spine browser screen 1 Press SAVE to save the correct composite image If CANCEL is pressed the stitching result is ignored and you then simply return to the Full Leg Full Spine browser screen ee 2214 68 199811 A ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software 2 Pressing SAVE causes the stitched image to appear in the browser The newly created composite image is a 12 bit pyramidal image which has all the image processing features that were applied to the first i e bottommost constituent image Patient data associated with the composite image are also those linked with the first constituent image ace AS N apr Aly alh 22 2214A GB 199811 m ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software 3 The newly composed image is now ready for operations such as E MUSICA image enhancement enlargement of specific image portions 2240 68 199811 ADC Compact Full Leg Full Spine Application Software annotation analyzing and angle measurements Anmobale J E printing and so on For a more detailed description of the above image processing operati
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