the pdfTeX users manual - Image Processing and Analysis Group
Contents
1. thread thread action spec newwindow spec newwindow nonewwindow user action spec user general text goto action spec numid nameid page spec general text file spec general text file spec nameid newwindow spec file spec page spec general text newwindow spec numid num integer nameid name general text thread action spec file spec numid file spec nameid dest spec numid dest type nameid dest type Ax 16 The pdf TfX user manual dest type xyz zoom integer fitbh fitbv fitb fith fitv fit id spec numid nameid PDFT X introduces the following new primitives Each primitive is prefixed by pdf except for efcode and the extended font primitive Xpdfoutput integer Xpdfcompresslevel integer Xpdfdecimaldigits integer Xpdfmovechars integer Xpdfpkresolution integer Xpdfpagewidth dimension Xpdfpageheight dimension Xpdfhorigin dimension Xpdfvorigin dimension Xpdfpagesattr tokens Xpdfpageattr tokens pdfinfo general text pdfcatalog general text openaction action spec pdfnames general text font font spec stretch integer shrink integer step integer pdfadjustspacing integer efcode integer pdffontname font expandable pdffontobjnum font read only integer pdfincludechars font general text pdf2. When producing DVI output for which one can use PDFT X as well as any other TEX part of the job is dele gated to the DVI postprocessor either by directly providing this program with commands or by means of specials Because PDFTpx directly produces the final format it has to everything itself from handling color graphics hyperlink support font inclusion upto page imposition and page manipulation As a direct result when one uses a high level macro package the macros that take care of these fea tures have to be set up properly Specials for instance make no sense at all Actually being a comment understood by DVI postprocessors given that the macro package speaks the specific language of this postprocessor a special would end up as just a comment in the PDF file which is of no use There fore Special issues a warning when PDFT X is in PDF mode When one wants to get some insight to what extend PDFT X specific support is needed one can start a file by saying pdfoutput 1 let special message or if this leads to confusion pdfoutput 1 def special 1 writel6 special 1 And see what happens As soon as one special message turns up one knows for sure that some kind of PDFTfX specific support is needed and often the message itself gives a indication of what is needed Currently all main stream macro packages offer PDFTgX support in one way or the other When using such a package it makes sense to turn on this
3. 0000002432 00000 trailer 503003010000 3S 3S th lt lt Size 10 Root 8 OR Info 90 R gt gt startxref 2526 LEOF Han Th Thanh Sebastian Rahtz Hans Hagen August 20 1999 The pdf IfX user manual The pdf TfX manual thanh informatics muni cz Han Th Thanh s rahtz elsevier co uk Sebastian Rahtz pragma wxs nl Hans Hagen August 20 1999 The title page of this manual represents the plain TeX coded text Welcome to pdfTpx pdfoutput 1 Xpdfcompresslevel 0 font tir tenrm Welcome to pdf TpX end The pdf TX user manual Contents 1 Introduction 0 cece cece eee ees 1 6 Formal syntax specification 16 2 ADQUEBDE ca eee i 1 7 Newprimitives c cee eee eee 18 3 Getting started 0 cece ees 3 8 Graphics and color 005 28 4 Macro packages supporting PDFTFX 10 5 Setting up fonts 00 11 Abbreviations 0 eee eee eee 29 Introduction The main purpose of the PDFT X project was to create an extension of TeX that can create PDF directly from TEX source files and improve enhance the result of TX typesetting with the help of PDF When PDF output is not selected PDFTpX produces normal DVI output otherwise it produces PDF output that looks identical to the DvI output An important aspect of this project is to investigate alternative justification algorithms optionally making use of multiple mas
4. A goto action spec performs a GoTo action Here numid and nameid specify the destination identifi er see below The page spec specifies the page number of the destination in this case the zoom factor is given by general text A destination can be performed in another PDF file by specifying file spec in which case newwindow spec specifies whether the file should be opened in a new window The default behaviour is depended on browser setting A thread action spec performs an article thread reading The thread identifier is similar to the desti nation identifier A thread can be performed in another PDF file by specifying a file spec pdfendlink This primitive ends a link started with pdfstartlink All text between pdfstartlink and pdfend1ink will be treated as part of this link PDFT X may break the result across lines or pages in which case it will make several links with the same content pdflinkmargin dimension This dimension parameter specifies the margin of the box representing a hyperlink and is read when a page containing hyperlinks is shipped out 26 7 8 gt 7 9 7 10 The pdf TfX user manual Bookmarks Xpdfoutline action spec count integer general text This primitive creates an outline or bookmark entry The first parameter specifies the action to be taken and is the same as that allowed for pdfstartlink The count specifies the number of direct subentries under this entry
5. Pages object 6 Kids object 2 page content As soon as we add annotations a fancy word for hyperlinks and alike some more entries are present in the catalog We invite users to take a look at the PDF code of this file to get an impression of that The page content is a stream of drawing operations Such a stream can be compressed where the level of compression can be set with pdfcompress level Let s take a closer look at this stream First there is a transformation matrix six numbers followed by cm As in POSTSCRIPT the operator comes after the operands Between BT and ET comes the text A font switch can be recognized as F The actual text goes between so that it creates a POSTSCRIPT string When one analyzes a file produced by a less sophisticated typesetting engine whole sequences of words can be recognized In TeX however the text comes out rather fragmented mainly because a lot of kerning takes place Because viewers can search in these streams one can imagine that the average TX produced files becomes more difficult as soon as the typesetting engine does a better job TpX cannot do less This one page example uses an Adobe Times Roman font This is one of the 14 fonts that is always present in the viewer application and is called a base font However when we use for instance Computer Modern Roman we have to make sure that this font is available and the best way to do this is to embed it in the file Just let you
6. specify 0 or omit it if this entry has no subentries If the number is neg ative then all subentries will be closed and the absolute value of this number specifies the number of subentries The text is what will be shown in the outline window Note that this is limited to characters in the PDF Document Encoding vector The outline is written to the PDF output immediately Article threads pdfthread rule spec attr spec id spec Defined an article thread Treads with same identifiers spread across the document will be joined together pdfthreadmargin dimension Specifies a margin to be added to the thread dimensions Miscellaneous pdfliteral direct general text Like special in normal TpX this command inserts raw PDF code into the output This allows support of color and text transformation This primitive is heavily used in the METAPOST inclusion macros Normally PpDFTgX ends a text section in the PDF output and resets the transformation matrix before inserting general text however it can be turned off by giving the optional keyword direct This command appends a whatsit node to the list being built general text is expanded when the whatsit node is created and not when it is shipped out so this primitive behaves like special pdfobj object type spec general text This command creates a raw PDF object that ends op in the PDF file as 1 0 obj lt lt gt gt endobj When object type spec is not give
7. tar xvf gunzip lt web2c 7 3 tar gz tar xvf The Linux binary is compiled for the new 1ibc 6 GNU glibc 2 0 which will not run for users of older Linux installations still based on libc 5 2 The DJGPP version is built by DJGPP 2 0 cross compiler on Linux 3 3 3 4 The pdf TfX user manual gunzip lt pdftex tar gz tar xvf mv pdftexdir web2c 7 3 web2c cd web2c 7 3 configure cd web2c make pdftex If you happen to have a previously configured source tree and just install a new version of PDFT X you can avoid running configure from the top level directory It s quicker to run config status which will just regenerate the Makefile s based on config cache cd web2c 7 3 web2c sh config status make pdftex For UNIX users the savest way to generate binaries is to get the latest TET X and follow the instructions that come with it Apart from the binary of PDFT X the compilation also produces several other files which are needed for running PDFT x pdftex pool The pool file needed for creating formats located in web2c 7 3 web2c texmf cnf WEB2C run time configuration file located in web2c 7 3 kpathsea ttf2afm An external program to generate AFM files from TrueType fonts located in web2c 7 3 web2c pdftexdir Precompiled binaries are included in the zip archive pdftex zip Getting PDFT X specific platform independent files Apart from the above mentioned files there is another zip archive pd
8. the rectangle specifying the region of the page being displayed and printed and Rotate the number of degrees in multiples of 90 the page should be rotated clockwise when it is displayed or printed Xpdfpagesattr Rotate 90 rotate all pages by 90 degrees MediaBox 0 0 612 792 the media size of al pages Cin bp Xpdfpageattr tokens This is similar to pdfpagesattr but it takes priority to the former one It can be used to overwrite any attribute given by pdfpagesattr for individual pages The token list is expanded when PDFT X ships out a page The contents are added to the attributes of the current page The document info and catalog Xpdfinfo general text This primitive allows the user to add information to the document info section if this information is provided it can be extracted by Acrobat Reader version 3 1 menu option Document Information General The general text is a collection of key value pairs The key names are preceded by a and the values being strings are given between parentheses All keys are optional Possible keys are Author CreationDate defaults to current date ModDate Creator defaults to TeX Producer defaults to pdfTeX Title Subject and Keywords CreationDate and ModDate are expressed in the form D YYYYMMDDhhmmss where YYYY is the year MM is the month DD is the day hh is the hour mm is the minutes and ss is the seconds Multiple appearances of pdfinfo will b
9. PDF 1 2 3 0 obj lt lt Length 40 R gt gt stream 100 1 91 925 759 924 cm BT F51 9 963 TF 0 O Td W 80 elcome 250 to 250 pdfT JTJ 67 818 2 241 Td E TJ 4 842 2 241 Td X TJ 138 923 654 744 Td 1 TI ET endstream endobj 4 0 obj 162 endobj 1 0 obj lt lt Font lt lt F51 5 0 R gt gt ProcSet PDF Text gt gt endobj 2 0 obj lt lt Type Page Contents 3 0 R Resources 1 0 R MediaBox 0 0 595 273 841 887 Parent 60R gt gt endobj 7 0 obj lt lt Type Encoding Differences 0 nothdef 5 dotaccent hungarumlaut ogonek 8 notdef 9 fraction 10 notdef 11 ff fi fl ffi ffl dotlessi dotlessj grave acute caron breve macron ring cedilla germandb1s ae oe oslash AE OE Os lash space exclam quotedb1 numbersign dollar percent ampersand quoteright parenleft parenright asterisk plus comma hyphen period slash zero one two three four five six seven eight nine colon semicolon Tess equal greater question at A B C D E F G H T I K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z bracketleft backslash bracketright circumflex underscore quoteleft a b c d e 4 9 h 1 3 k 1 m n 0 p q r s t u v w x y z braceleft bar braceright tilde dieresis Lslash quotesingle quotesinglbase florin quotedblbase ellipsis dagger daggerdb1 circumflex perthousand Scaron guilsinglleft OE Zcaron asciicircum minus 1slash quoteleft quoteright quotedb left quotedb1 right bul let endash emdash ti lde trademark scaron gu
10. are in range 0 5 A higher value means more precise output but also results in a much larger file size and more time to display or print In most cases the optimal value is 2 This parameter does not influence the precision of numbers used in raw PDF code like that used in pdfliteral and annotation action specifications image resolution When PDFT X is not able to determine the natural dimensions of an image it assumes a resolution of type 72 dots per inch Use this variable to change this default value pk resolution One can use this entry to specify the resolution for bitmap fonts Nowadays most printers are capable to print at least 600 dots per inch so this is a reasonable default move_chars Although PDF output is claimed to be portable especially when all font information is included in the file problems with printing and viewing have a persistent nature Moving the characters in range 0 31 sometimes helps a lot When set to 1 characters are only moved when a font has less than 128 glyphs when set to 2 higher slots are used too page width amp page height These two dimension parameters specify the output medium dimensions the paper screen or whatever the page is put on If they are not specified the page width is calculated AS Wbhox being shipped out 2 X horigin hoffset The page height is calculated in a similar way horigin amp vorigin These dimension parameters can be used to set the offset of the TeX output box fr
11. kinds of annotations e hyperlinks general navigation e text clips notes e movies e sound fragments The first type differs from the other three in that there is a designated area involved on which one can click or when moved over some action occurs PDFTfX is able to calculate this area as we will see later All annotations can be supported using the next two general annotation primitives pdfannot rule spec general text This command appends a whatsit node corresponding to an annotation to the the list being built The dimensions of the annotation can be controlled via Something rule spec The default values are run ning for all width height and depth When an annotation is written out running dimensions will take the corresponding values from the box containing the whatsit node representing the annotation The general text is inserted as raw PDF code to the contents of annotation The annotation is written out only if the corresponding whatsit node is searched at the shipping time pdflastannot read only integer This primitive returns the object number of the last annotation created by pdfannot These two prim itives allow users to create any annotation that cannot be created by pdfstartlink see below Destinations and links The first type of annotation mentioned before is implemented by three primitives The first one is used to define a specific location as being referred to This location is tied to the pag
12. support in the appropriate way otherwise one cannot be sure if things are set up right Remember that for instance the page and paper dimensions have to be taken care of and only the macro package knows the details 10 3 1 The pdf TfX user manual e For BTFX users Sebastian Rahtz hyperref package has substantial support for PDFT X and provides access to most of its features In the simplest case the user merely needs to load hyperref with a pdftex option and all cross references will be converted to PDF hypertext links PDF output is automatically selected compression is turned on and the page size is set up correctly Bookmarks are created to match the table of contents e The standard KIX graphics and color packages have pdftex options which allow use of normal color text rotation and graphics inclusion commands e The CONT XT macro package by Hans Hagen pragma wxs nl has very full support for PDFTEX in its generalized hypertext features Support for PDFT X is implemented as a special driver and is invoked by saying Asetupoutput pdftex or feeding T XEXEC with the pdf option e Hypertexted PDF from texinfo documents can be created with pdftexinfo tex which is a slight modification of the standard texinfo macros This file is part of the PDFT X distribution e A similar modification of webmac tex called pdfwebmac tex allows production of hypertext d PDF versions of programs written in WEB This is also part of t
13. 1 stretching is applied after T X s normal paragraph breaking routines have broken the paragraph into lines In this case line breaks are identical to standard TeX behaviour When set to 2 the width changes that are the result of stretching and shrinking are taken into account while the paragraph is broken into lines In this case line breaks are likely to be different from those of standard Tpx In fact paragraphs may even become longer or shorter Both alternatives use the extended collection of TFM files that are related to the stretch and shrink settings as described in the previous section efcode integer We didn t yet tell the whole story One can imagine that some glyphs are more sensitive to scaling than others The efcode primitive can be used to influence the stretchability of a glyph The syntax is similar to sfcode and defaults to 1000 meaning 100 efcode A 2500 ef code 0 0 In this example an A may stretch 2 5 times as much as normal and the O is not to be stretched at all The minimum and maximum stretch is however bound by the font specification otherwise one would end up with more fonts inclusions than comfortable pdffontname font expandable In PDF files produced by PDFT X one can recognize a font switch by the prefix F followed by a number for instance F12 or F54 This command returns the number PDFTpX uses to name a font resource e g for a font named as F12 this command returns numb
14. CFONTS pdftex cfg kpse_tex format TEXINPUTS images kpse_tex format TEXINPUTS map files kpse tex ps header format TEXPSHEADERS VFFONTS T FONTS TTFONTS MISCFONTS PKFONTS TEXINPUTS TEXPSHEADERS encoding files kpse_tex ps header format TEXPSHEADERS Table 1 The WEB2C variables Virtual fonts are fonts made up of others and vf files play an important role in this process Because PDFTpX produces the final output code it must consult those files Outline vector fonts are to be prefered over bitmap PK fonts In most cases Type 1 fonts are used and this variable tells PDFTfX where to find them Like Type 1 fonts TrueType fonts are also outlines PDFT X is able to read so called pdf glyph container files These contain fonts descriptions in PDF format A separate manual will be made available soon Unfortunately bitmap fonts are displayed poorly by PDF viewers so when possible one should use outline fonts When no outline is available PDFT X tries to locate a suitable PK font or invoke a process that generates them This variable specifies where PDFT X finds its configuration file and input files Being a postprocessor too image files are considered input files and searched for along this path This is the path where PDFT X looks for the font mapping files map and encoding files enc Both types provide PDFT X the information needed for embedding font encoding vectors and font resources The pdf Tf
15. FTpX gives access to this number One can for instance create an object by using pdfobj after which pdflastobj returns the number So pdfobj Type Catalog Pages 6 O R inserts an object into the file while pdflastobj returns the number PDFTfX assigned to this object The sequence 6 0 Ris an object reference a pointer to another object The second number here a zero is currently not used in PDFT X it is the version number of the object It is for instance used by PDF editors when they replace objects by new ones In general this rather direct way of pushing objects in the files is rather useless and only makes sense when implementing for instance fill in field support or annotation content reuse We will come to that later Unless such direct objects are part of something larger they will end up as isolated entities not doing any harm but not doing any good either When a viewer opens a PDF file it first goes to the end of the file There it finds the keyword startxref the signal where to look for the so called object cross reference table This table provides fast access to the objects that make up the file The actual starting point of the file is defined after the trailer The Root entry points to the catalog In this catalog the viewer can find the page list In our example we have only one page The trailer also holds an Info entry which tells a bit more about the document Just follow the thread Root object 8
16. X user manual 3 6 The PDFTE X configuration file One has to keep in mind that opposed to DVI output there is no postprocessing stage This has several rather fundamental consequences like one pass graphic and font inclusion When TX builds a page the macro package used quite certain has a concept of page dimensions which is not the same as paper dimensions The reference point of the page is the top left corner Most DVI postprocessors enable the user to specify the paper size which often defaults to A4 or letter In most cases it does not harm that much to mix the two because one will seldom put too small paper in the printer And if one does one will certainly not do that a second time In PDF the paper size is part of the definition This means that everything that is off page is clipped off it simply disappears Even worse just like in a POSTSCRIPT file the reference point is in the lower corner which is opposite to DVI s reference point And so we ve found one of the main reasons why PDFT X explicitly needs to know the paper dimensions These dimensions can either be passed using the so called configuration file or by using the primitives provided for this purpose In this respect the PDFT X configuration file can be compared to configuration files that come with DVI postprocessors and or command line options Both contain information on the paper used the fonts to be included and optimizations to be applied Wh
17. adjustspacing Document setup pdfoutput integer This parameter specifies whether the output format should be DVI or PDF A positive value means PDF output otherwise one gets DVI output This parameter cannot be specified after shipping out the first page In other words this parameter must be set before PDFT X ships out the first page if we want PDF output This is the only one parameter that must be set to produce PDF output All others are optional This parameter cannot be set after the first page is shipped out When PDFT X starts complaining about specials one can be sure that the macro package is not aware of this mode A simple way of making macros PDFT X aware is ifx pdfoutput undefined newcount pdfoutput fi ifcase pdfoutput DVI CODE else PDF CODE fi However there are better ways to handle these things pdfcompresslevel integer This integer parameter specifies the level of text compression via zlib Zero means no compression 1 means fastest 9 means best 2 8 means something in between A value out of this range will be adjusted to the nearest meaningful value This parameter is read each time PDFT X starts a stream Xpdfdecimaldigits integer This parameter specifies the accuracy of real numbers as written to the in PDF file It gives the maximal number of decimal digits after the decimal point of real numbers Valid values are in range 0 5 A higher value means a more precise output but also results in a m
18. been a moderate successor to TpX available called E TfX Because the main stream macro packages start supporting this welcome extension PDFT X also is available as PDFE TpX Although in this document we will speak of PDFTgX we advise users to use PDFE TpX when available That way they get the best of all worlds and are ready for the future Getting sources and binaries The latest sources of PDFTpX are distributed together with precompiled binaries of PDFT X for some platforms including Linux SGI IRIX Sun SPARC Solaris and MSDos DJGPP The primary location where one can fetch the source code by version is ftp ftp cstug cz pub tex local cstug thanh pdftex latest Thomas Esser s TETpX distribution comes with precompiled versions for many UNIX systems More information can be found at http www tug org teTex For WIN32 systems Windows 95 Windows NT there are two packages that contain PDFT X both in ctan systems win32 FPTpX maintained by Fabrice Popineau popineau ese metz fr and MIKTEX by Christian Schenk cschenk berlin snafu de Compiling If there is no precompiled binary of PDFT X for your system you need to build PDFT X from sources The compilation is expected to be easy on UNIX like systems and can be described best by example Assuming that all needed files are downloaded to HOME pdftex on a UNIX system the following steps are needed to compile PDFTfx cd HOME pdftex gunzip lt web 7 3 tar gz
19. chanism for embedding graphic and textual objects XObject forms In PDFT X this mechanism is accessed by means of pdfxform pdflastxform and pdfrefxform A special kind of XObjects are bitmap graphics and for manipulating them similar commands are provided gt Apdfximage rule spec attr spec page spec file spec This command creates an image object The dimensions of the image can be controlled via rule spec The default values are zero for depth and running for height and width If all of them are given the image will be scaled to fit the specified values If some of them but not all are given the rest will be set to a value corresponding to the remaining ones so as to make the image size to yield the same proportion of width height depth as the original image size where depth is treated as zero If none of them is given then the image will take its natural size An image inserted at its natural size often has a resolution of pdfimageresolution see below given in dots per inch in the output file but some images may contain data specifying the image resolution and in such a case the image will be scaled to the correct resolution The dimension of the image can be accessed by enclosing the pdfrefximage command to a box and checking the dimensions of the box setbox0 hbox pdfximage somefi le png pdfrefximage pdflastximage Now we can use wd0 and ht0 to question the natural size of the image as det
20. d 17 All cap font 18 Small cap font 19 Force bold at small text sizes 20 32 Reserved Table 2 The meaning of flags in the font descriptor All characters in a fixed width font have the same width while characters in a proportional font have different widths Characters in a serif font have short strokes drawn at an angle on the top and bottom of character stems while sans serif fonts do not have such strokes A symbolic font contains symbols rather than letters and numbers Characters in a script font resemble cursive handwriting An all cap font which is typically used for display purposes such as titles or headlines contains no lowercase letters It differs from a small cap font in that characters in the latter while also capital letters have been sized and their proportions adjusted so that they have the same size and stroke weight as lowercase characters in the same typeface family Bit 6 in the flags field indicates that the font s character set conforms the Adobe Standard Roman Character Set or a subset of that and that it uses the standard names for those characters Finally bit 19 is used to determine whether or not bold characters are drawn with extra pixels even at very small text sizes Typically when characters are drawn at small sizes on very low resolution devices such as display screens features of bold characters may appear only one pixel wide Because this is the minimum feature width on a pixel based device ordina
21. e not the exact location on the page The main reason for this is that PDF maintains a dedicated list of these annotations and some more when optimized for the sole purpose of speed pdfdest dest spec This primitive appends a whatsit node which establishes a destination for links and bookmark outlines the link is identified by either a number or a symbolic name and the way the viewer is to display the page must be specified in dest type which must be one of those mentioned in table 4 The specification xyzcan optionally be followed by zoom integer to provide a fixed zoom in The Some thing integer is like Tex magnification i e 1000 is the normal page view When zoom integer is given the zoom factor changes to number otherwise the current zoom factor is kept unchange d The destination is written out only the corresponding whatsit node is searched at the shipping time pdfstartlink rule spec attr spec action spec This primitive is used along with pdfendlink and appends a whatsit node corresponding to the start of a hyperlink The whatsit node representing the end of the hyperlink is created by pdfend1link 25 The pdf TX user manual keyword meaning fit fit the page in the window fith fit the width of the page fitv fit the height of the page fitb fit the Bounding Box of the page fitbh fit the width of Bounding Box of the page fitbv fit the height of Bounding Box of th
22. e concatenated to only one If a key is given more than once then the first appearance will take priority An example of the use of pdfinfo is pdfinfo Title Cexample pdf Creator Tex Producer pdfTex 0 14a Author Tom and Jerry CreationDate D 19980212201000 ModDate D 19980212201000 Subject Example Keywords mouse cat pdfcatalog general text openaction action spec Similar to the document info section is the document catalog where keys are URI which provides the base URL of the document and PageMode determines how Acrobat displays the document on startup The possibilities for the latter are explained in Table 3 20 7 3 The pdf TX user manual value meaning UseNone neither outline nor thumbnails visible UseOutlines outline visible UseThumbs thumbnails visible FullScreen full screen mode Table 3 Supported PageMode values In full screen mode there is no menu bar window controls nor any other window present The default setting is UseNone The openaction is the action provided when opening the document and is specified in the same way as internal links see section 7 7 Instead of using this method one can also write the open action directly into the catalog Xpdfnames general text This primitive inserts the text to Names array The text must be conform to the specifications as laid down in the PDF Reference Manual otherwise the document can be invalid F
23. e page xyz goto the current position see below Table 4 The outline and destination appearances The dimensions of the link are handled in the similar way as in pdfannot Both pdfstartlink and pdfendlink must be in the same level of box nesting A hyperlink with running width can be multi line or even multi page in which case all horizontal boxes with the same nesting level as the boxes containing pdfstartlink and pdfendlink will be treated as part of the hyperlink The hyperlink is written out only if the corresponding whatsit node is searched at the shipping time Additional attributes which are explained in great detail in the PDF Reference Manual can be given via attr spec Typically the attributes specify the color and thickness of any border around the link Thus C 0 9 0 0 Border 0 0 2 specifies a color in RGB of dark red and a border thickness of 2 points While all graphics and text in a PDF document have relative positions annotations have internally hard coded absolute positions Again we re dealing with a speed optimization The main disadvantage is that these annotations do not obey transformations issued by pdfliteral s The action spec specifies the action that should be perfomed when the hyperlink is activated while the user action spec performs a user defined action A typical use of the latter is to specify a URL like S URI URI Chttp www tug org or a named action like S Named N NextPage
24. e system pgsr8r GillSans pgsr8a pfb Entirely download a font with reencoding pgsr8r GillSans lt lt pgsr8a pfb 8r enc Partially download a font with reencoding pgsr8r GillSans lt pgsr8a pfb 8r enc Sometimes we do not want to include a font but need to extract parameters from the font file and reencode the font as well This only works for fonts with Adobe Standard Encoding The font flags specify how such a font looks like so Acrobat Reader can generate similar instance if the font resource is not available on the target system pgsr8r GillSans 32 pgsr8a pfb 8r enc A TrueType font can be used in the same way as a Type 1 font verdana8r Verdana lt verdana ttf 8r enc TrueType fonts As mentioned above PDFT X can work with TrueType fonts Defining TrueType files is similar to Type 1 font The only extra thing to do with TrueType is to create a TFM file There is a program called ttf2afm in the PDFT X distribution which can be used to extract AFM from TrueType fonts Usage is simple ttf2afm e lt encoding vector gt o lt afm outputfile gt lt ttf input file gt 15 The pdf TX user manual A TrueType file can be recognized by its suffix ttf The optional encoding specifies the encoding which is the same as the encoding vector used in map files for PDFT X and dvips If the encoding is not given all the glyphs of the AFM output will be mapped to notdef ttf2afm writes the output AFM to standard output If we need to know wh
25. ed by PDF inclusion EPS files can be converted to PDF by GhostScript Acrobat Distiller or other POSTSCRIPT to PDF convertors The BoundingBox of a PDF file is taken from CropBox if available otherwise from the MediaBox To get the right BoundingBox from a EPS file before converting to PDF it is necessary to transform the EPS file so that the start point is at the 0 0 coordinate and the page size is set exactly corresponding to the BoundingBox A PERL script EPSTOPDE for this purpose has been written by Sebastian Rahtz The TfXUTIL utility script that comes with CONTEXT can so a similar job Concerning this conversion it handles complete directories removes some garbage from files takes precautions against duplicate conversion etc Other alternatives for graphics in PDFT X are BIEX picture mode Since this is implemented simply in terms of font characters it works in exactly the same way as usual Xy pic If the POSTSCRIPT back end is not requested Xy pic uses its own Type 1 fonts and needs no special attention tpic The tpic special commands used in some macro packages can be redefined to produce literal PDF using some macros written by Hans Hagen METAPOST Although the output of METAPOST is POSTSCRIPT it is in a highly simplified form and a METAPOST to PDF conversion written by Hans Hagen and Tanmoy Bhattacharya is implemented as a set of macros which reads METAPOST output and supports all of its features PDF It i
26. en PDFTxxX is run in ini mode which is normally the case when we generate a format file the config uration file is not read at all and all configuration parameters are set to 0 by default for both integer and dimension parameters When PDFTpX is launched in non ini mode it reads the WEB2C configuration file as well as the PDF TEX configuration file called pdftex cfg searched for in the TEXINPUTS path As WEB2C systems commonly specify a private tree for PDFT X where configuration and map files are located this allows individual users or projects to maintain customized versions of the configuration file The configuration file musts exist when PDFT X is run in non ini mode The integer configuration parameters replace the corresponding internal ones just before PDFT X starts reading the input file At this moment the format is already loaded so any former settings during creating formats will be overwritten by the values from config file So unless the macro package used resets pdfoutput PDFT X will produce PDF output Macros packages that adapt themselves to either DVI using specials or PDF dedicated primitives should be aware of this When at the moment the first page is shipped out pdfoutput has positive value the configuation parameters that are dimension overwrite only the corresponding internal ones that are 0 The value of Xpdfoutput cannot be changed after the first page has been shipped out Most parameters in the c
27. er 12 pdffontobjnum font read only integer This command is similar to pdffontname but returns the object number instead of the name of a font Use of pdffontname and pdffontobjnum allows user full access to all the font resources used in the document 22 7 4 The pdf TfX user manual Xpdfincludechars font general text This command causes PDFT X to treat the characters in general text as if they were used with font which means that the corresponding glyphs will be embedded into the font resources in the PDF output Nothing is appended to the list being built XObject forms The next three primitives support a PDF feature called object reuse in PDFT X The idea is first to create a XObject form in PDF The content of this object corresponds to the content of a TEX box which can also contain pictures and references to other XObject form objects as well After that the XObject form can be used by simply referring to its object number This feature can be useful for large documents with a lot of similar elements as it can reduce the duplication of identical objects These command behave similar pdfobj pdflastobj and pdfrefobj but instead of taking raw PDF code they take care of text typeset by TEX pdfxform attr spec resources spec box number This command creates a XObject form corresponding to the contents of the box box number The box can contain other raw objects XObject forms or imag
28. ermined by PDFT X When dimensions are specified before the somefi le pdf the graphic is scaled to fit these Opposite to for instance the input primitive the filename is supplied between braces The image type is specified by the extension of the given file name so png stands for PNG image tif for TIFF and pdf for PDF file Otherwise the image is treated as PDF pdf Similarly to pdfxform the optional text given by attr spec will be written as additional attributes of the image before other keys of the image dictionary gt pdfrefximage integer The image is kept in memory and will be written to the PDF output only when its number is refered to by pdfrefximage or pdfximage is preceded by immediate Nothing is appended to the list being built pdfrefximage appends a whatsit node to the list being built When the whatsit node is searched at shipping time PDFTpX will write the image with number integer to the PDF output if it has not been written yet gt pdflastximage read only integer The number of the most recently created XObject image is accessible via pdflastximage gt pdfimageresolution integer This parameter specifies the default resolution of included bitmap images PNG TIFF and JPEG This parameter is read when PDFT X creates an image via pdfximage When not given or set to 0 PDFIpxX treates it as 72 24 7 6 7 7 The pdf TX user manual Annotations PDF level 1 2 provides four basic
29. es as well It can however not contain anno tations because they are laid out on a separate layer are positioned absolutely and have a dedicated housekeeping When attr spec is given the text will be written as additional attributes of the form The resources spec is similar but the text will be added to the resources dictionary of the form The text given by attr spec or resources spec is written before other keys of the form dictionary and or the resources dictionary and takes priority to the further ones pdfrefxform integer The form is kept in memory and will be written to the PDF output only when its number is refered to by pdfrefxform or pdfxform is preceded by immediate Nothing is appended to the list being built The number of the most recently created XObject form is accessible via pdflastxform When issued pdfrefxform appends a whatsit node to the list being built When the whatsit node is searched at shipping time PDFT X will write the form with number integer to the PDF output if it is not written yet pdflastxform read only integer The number of the most recently created XObject form is accessible via pdflastxform As said this feature can be used for reusing information This mechanism also plays a role in typesetting fill in form Such widgets sometimes depends on visuals that show up on user request but are hidden otherwise 23 The pdf TX user manual 7 5 Graphics inclusion PDF provides a me
30. ex example If the installation is ok this run should produce a file called examp1e pdf The file example tex is also a good place to look for how to use PDFT X s new primitives Common problems The most common problem with installations is that PDFTfX complains that something cannot be found In such cases make sure that TEXMFCNF is set correctly so PDFIfX can find texmf cnf The next best place to look edit is the file texmf cnf When still in deep trouble set KPATHSEA_DEBUG 255 before running PDFT X or run PDFTfX with option k 255 This will cause PDFT X to write a lot of debugging information that can be useful to trace problems More options can be found in the WEB2C documenta tion Variables in texmf cnf can be overwritten by environment variables Here are some of the most common problems you can encounter when getting started e I can t read pdftex pool bad path TEXMFCNF is not set correctly and so PDFT X cannot find texmf cnf or TEXPOOL in texmf cnf doesn t contain a path to the pool file pdftex pool or pdfetex pool when you use PDFE TpX e You have to increase POOLSIZE PDFT X cannot find texmf cnf or the value of pool_size specified in texmf cnf is not large enough and must be increased If pool_size is not specified in texmf cnf then you can add something like pool_size 500000 e I can t find the format file pdftex fmt I can t find the format file pdflatex fmt Format is n
31. ftexlib zip in the PDFT X distribution which contains platform independent files required for running PDFTfX e configuration file pdftex cfg e encoding vectors enc e map files map e macros tex Unpacking this archive don t forget the d option when using pkunzip will create a texmf tree containing PDFT X specific files Placing files The next step is to place the binaries somewhere in PATH If you want to use I4TpX you also need to make a copy or symbolic link of pdftex and name it pdflatex The files texmf cnf and pdftex pool and the directory texmf created by unpacking the file pdftexlib zip should be moved to the appropriate place see below The pdf TfX user manual 3 5 Setting search paths WEB2C based programs including PDFT X use the WEB2C run time configuration file called texmf cnf This file can be found via the user set environment variable TEXMFCNF or via the compile time default value if the former is not set It is strongly recommended to use the first option Next you need to edit texmf cnf so PDFT X can find all necessary files Usually one has to edit TEXMFS and maybe some of the next variables When running PDFT X some extra search paths are used beyond those normally requested by Tpx itself used for format texmf cnf virtual fonts kpse_vf format VFFONTS typel fonts kpse_typel format T1FONTS truetype fonts kpse_truetype_format TTFONTS pgc fonts kpse_miscfonts format MIS
32. he PDFT X distribution Some nice samples of PDFTfX output can be found on the TUG web server at http www tug org applications pdftex and http ww ntg nl context Setting up fonts PDFT X can work with Type 1 and TrueType fonts but a source must be available for all fonts used in the document except for the 14 base fonts supplied by Acrobat Reader Times Helvetica Courier Symbol and Dingbats It is possible to use METAFONT generated fonts in PDFTEX but it is strongly recommended not to use METAFONT fonts if an equivalent is available in Type 1 or TrueType format if only because bitmap Type 3 fonts render very poorly in Acrobat Reader Given the free availability of Type 1 versions of all the Computer Modern fonts and the ability to use standard POSTSCRIPT fonts most TEX users should be able to experiment with PDFT X Map files PDFT X reads the map files specified in the configuration file see section 3 6 in which reencoding and partial downloading for each font are specified Every font needed must be listed each on a separate line except PK fonts The syntax of each line is similar to dvips map files and can contain up to the following some are optional fields texname basename fontflags fontfile encodingfile and special The only mandatory is texname and must be the first field The rest is optional but if basename is given it must be the second field Similarly if fontflags is given it must be the third field
33. ich glyphs are available in the font we can run tt f2afm without encoding to get all glyph names The resulting AFM file can be used to generate a TFM one by applying afm2tfm To use a new TrueType font the minimal steps may look like below We suppose that test map is included in pdftex cfg ttf2afm e 8r enc o times afm times ttf afm2tfm times afm T 8r enc echo times TimesNewRomanPSMT lt times ttf lt 8r enc gt gt test map The POSTSCRIPT font name TimesNewRomanPSMT is reported by afm2tfm but from PDFT X version 0 121 onwards it may be left out There are two main restrictions with TrueType fonts in comparison with Type 1 fonts a The special effects SlantFont ExtendFont cannot be used b To subset a TrueType font the font must be specified as reencoded therefore an encoding vector must be given Formal syntax specification This sections formaly specifies the PDFT X specific extensions to the TeX macro programming language First we present some general definitions All general text is expanded immediately like special in traditional TX unless mentioned explicitly no to general text filler balanced text right brace attr spec attr general text object type spec attr spec stream attr spec file resources spec resources general text file spec file general text page spec page integer action spec user user action spec goto goto action spec
34. if basename is present or the second field if basename is left out It is possible to mix the positions of fontfile encodingfile and special however the first three fields must be given in fixed order texname sets the name of the TFM file This name must be given for each font 3 dvips map files can be used with PDFT X without problems 11 The pdf TfX user manual basename sets the base POSTSCRIPT font name If not given then it will be taken from the font file Specifying a name that doesn t match the name in the font file will cause PDFT X to write a warning so it is best not to have this field specified if the font resource is available which is the most common case This option is primarily intended for use of base fonts and for compatibility with dvips map files fontflags specify some characteristics of the font The next description of these flags are taken with a slight modification from the PDF Reference Manual the section on Font Descriptor Flags The value of the flags key in a font descriptor is a 32 bit integer that contains a collection of boolean attributes These attributes are true if the corresponding bit is set to 1 Table 2 specifies the meanings of the bits with bit 1 being the least significant Reserved bits must be set to zero bit position semantics 1 Fixed width font 2 Serif font 3 Symbolic font 4 Script font 5 Reserved 6 Uses the Adobe Standard Roman Character Set 7 Italic 8 16 Reserve
35. ilsinglright oe zcaron asciitilde Ydieresis space exclamdown cent sterling currency yen brokenbar section dieresis copyright ordfeminine guillemotleft Togicalnot hyphen registered macron degree plusminus twosuperior threesuperior acute mu paragraph periodcentered cedilla onesuperior ordmasculine guillemotright onequarter onehalf threequarters questiondown Agrave Aacute Aci rcumflex Atilde Adieresis Aring AE Ccedilla Egrave Eacute Ecircumflex Edieresis Igrave Iacute Icircumflex Idieresis Eth Nti lde Ograve Oacute Ocircumflex Otilde Odieresis multiply Oslash Ugrave Uacute Ucircumflex Udieresis Yacute Thorn germandb1s agrave aacute acircumflex atilde adieresis aring ae ccedilla egrave eacute ecircumflex edieresis igrave iacute icircumflex idieresis eth ntilde ograve oacute ocircumflex otilde odieresis divide oslash ugrave uacute ucircumflex udieresis yacute thorn ydieresis gt gt endobj 5 0 obj lt lt Type Font Subtype Typel Encoding 7 O R BaseFont Times Roman gt gt endobj 6 0 obj lt lt Type Pages Count 1 Kids 2 0 R gt gt endobj 8 0 obj lt lt Type Catalog Pages 6 0 R gt gt endobj 9 0 obj lt lt Creator TeX Producer pdfTeX 0 12r CreationDate D 19981205172300 gt gt endobj xref 0 10 0000000000 65535 0000000242 00000 0000000308 00000 0000000009 00000 0000000223 00000 0000002238 00000 0000002326 00000 0000000420 00000 0000002383 00000
36. ll try to generate it by executing the script mktextfm where available and supported This mechanism is inspired on an optimization first introduced by Herman Zapf which in itself goes back to optimizations used in the early days of typesetting use different glyphs to optimize the greyness 21 The pdf TX user manual of a page So there are many slightly different a s e s etc For practical reasons PDFT X does not use such huge glyph collections it uses horizontal scaling instead This is sub optimal and for many fonts sort of offending to the design But when using PDF it s not that illogical at all PDF viewers use so called Multiple Master fonts when no fonts are embedded and or can be found on the target system Such fonts are designed to adapt their design to the different scaling parameters It is up to the user to determine to what extend mixing slightly remastered fonts can be used without violating the design Think of an O when simply stretched the vertical part of the glyph becomes thicker and looks incompatible to an unscaled original In a multiple master one can decide to stretch but keep this thickness compatible pdfadjustspacing integer The output that PDFT X produces is pretty compatible with the normal TpX output TpX s typesetting engine is normally unchanged because the optimization described here is turned of by default At this moment there are two methods provided When pdfadjustspacing is set to
37. n a dictionary object with contents general text is created When however object type spec is given as attr spec stream the object will be created as a stream with contents general text and additional attributes in attr spec When object type spec is given as attr spec file then the general text will be treated as a file name and its contents will be copied into the stream contents The object is kept in memory and will be written to the PDF output only when its number is refered to by pdfrefobj or when pdfobj is preceded by immediate Nothing is appended to the list being built The number of the most recently created object is accessible via pdflastobj 27 The pdf TfX user manual pdflastobj read only integer This command returns the object number of the last object created by pdfobj pdfrefobj integer This command appends a whatsit node to the list being built When the whatsit node is searched at shipping time PDFT X will write the object with number integer to the PDF output if it has not been written yet pdftexversion Returns the version of PDFT X multiplied by 100 e g for version 0 13x it returns 13 This document is typeset with version 14 a pdftexrevision Returns the revision of PDFTpX e g for version 0 14a it returns a Graphics and color PDFT X supports inclusion of pictures in PNG JPEG TIFF and PDF format The most common technique the inclusion of EPS figures is replac
38. n external encoding is given psyr Symbol pzdr ZapfDingbats Use a built in font with an external encoding The lt preceded encoding file may be left out ptmr8r Times Roman lt 8r enc ptmri8r Times Italic lt 8r enc Use a partially downloaded font with an external encoding putr8r Utopia Regular lt 8r enc lt putr8a pfb putri8r Utopia Italic lt 8r enc lt putri8a pfb putro8r Utopia Regular lt 8r enc lt putr8a pfb 167 SlantFont This is a text file containing a PDF Type 3 font created by METAPOST using some utilities by Hans Hagen In general PGC files can contain whatever allowed in PDF page description which may be used to support fonts that are not available in METAFONT At the moment PGC fonts are not very useful as vector Type 3 fonts are not displayed very well in Acrobat Reader but it may be more useful when Type 3 font handling gets better 14 5 2 The pdf TfX user manual Use some faked font map entries logos lt logo8 pfb logo9 lt logo9 pfb logo10 lt logo10 pfb logos18 lt logo8 pfb 25 SlantFont logos19 lt logo9 pfb 25 SlantFont logos110 lt logos110 pfb logobf10 lt logobf10 pfb Use an ASCII subset of OT1 and T1 ectt1000 cmtt10 lt cmtt10 map lt tex256 enc Download a font entirely without reencoding pgsr8r GillSans lt lt pgsr8a pfb Partially download a font without reencoding pgsr8r GillSans lt pgsr8a pfb Do not read the font at all the font is supposed to be installed on th
39. oft DOS platform Intel PDF Portable Document Format PDFE T X E TpX extension producing PDF output PDF Ipx TeX extension producing PDF output PERL Perl programming environment PGC PDF glyph container PK Packed Bitmap Font PNG Portable Network Graphics POSTSCRIPT PostScript RGB Red Green Blue color specification TETpx UNIX WEB2C distribution TEX typographic language and program TEXEXEC CONTEXT command line interface TEXUTIL CONTEXT utility tool TFM TEX Font Metrics 29 TIFF TUG UNIX URL WEB WEB2C WIN32 ZIP The pdf TfX user manual Tagged Interchange File Format TeX Users Group Unix platform Uniform Resource Locator literate programming environment official multi platform WEB environment Microsoft Windows platform compressed file format 30
40. om the top left corner of the paper map This entry specifies the font mapping file which is similar to those used by many DVI to POSTSCRIPT drivers More than one map file can be specified using multiple map lines If the name of the map file is prefixed with a its values are appended to the existing set otherwise they replace it If no map files are given the default value psfonts map is used Creating formats Formats for PDFTpxX are created in the same way as for TpX For plain TX and BIg it looks like pdftex ini fmt pdftex plain Xdump pdftex ini fmt pdflatex latex 1tx In CONTEXT the generation depends on the interface used A format using the english user interface is generated with pdftex ini fmt cont en cont en When properly set up one can also use the CONTEXT command line interface TEXEXEC to generate one or more formats like texexec make en for an english format or texexec make tex pdfetex en de 3 8 3 9 The pdf TfX user manual for an english and german one using PDFE TpX Indeed if there is PDFTpX as well as PDFE TpX use it Whatever macro package used the formats should be placed in the TEXFORMATS path We strongly recommend to use PDFE TpX if only because the main stream macro packages will use it Testing the installation When everything is set up you can test the installation In the distribution there is a plain Tg test file example tex Process this file by saying pdft
41. onfiguration file have a corresponding internal register When not set during the T run PDFT X uses thevalues as specified in the configuration file Apart from the above described parameters the configuration file can have another entry named map This entry specifies the font mapping files which is similar to those used by many DVI to POSTSCRIPT drivers More than one map file can be specified using multiple map lines If the name of the map file is prefixed with a its values are appended to the existing set otherwise they replace it If no map files are given the default value psfonts map is used The pdf TfX user manual internal name parameters type Xpdfoutput output format integer Xpdfadjustspacing adjust spacing level integer Xpdfcompresslevel compress level integer Xpdfdecimaldigits decima_ digits integer pdfmovechars move_chars integer pdfimageresolution image_resolution integer pdfpkresolution pk_resolution integer pdfhorigin horigin dimension pdfvorigin vorigin dimension pdfpageheight page_height dimension pdfpagewidth page_width dimension pdflinkmargin link_margin dimension pdfthreadmargin thread_margin dimension Figure 1 The configuration parameters A typical pdftex cfg file looks like this setting up output for A4 paper size and the standard TEX offset of 1 inch and loading two map files for fonts output_format 1 the implicit output will be PDF compress_level 1 use the fastest level of comp
42. only in a final version embed all used fonts Don t over estimate gain in speed and when distributing files always embed the fonts This feature requires Acrobat Reader to have access to installed fonts on the system This has been tested on Win95 and UNIX Solaris Note that the standard 14 fonts are never downloaded even when they are specified to be downloaded in map files encoding specifies the name of the file containing the external encoding vector to be used for the font The file name may be preceded by a lt but the effect is the same The format of the encoding vector is identical to that used by dvips If no encoding is specified the font s built in default encoding is used It may be omitted if you are sure that the font resource has the correct built in encoding In general this option is highly preferred and is required when subsetting a TrueType font 13 The pdf TfX user manual special instructions can be used to manipulate fonts similar to the way dvips does Currently only the keyword SlantFont is interpreted other instructions are just ignored If a used font is not present in the map files first PDFT X will look for a source with suffix pgc which is a so called PGC source PDF Glyph Container If no PGC source is available PDFT X will try to use PK fonts in a normal way as DVI drivers do on the fly creating PK fonts if needed Lines containing nothing apart from texname stand for scalable Type 3 fonts Fo
43. onts font font spec stretch integer shrink integer step integer Although still in an experimental stage and therefore subjected to changes the next extension to the TeX primitive font is worth mentioning font somefont somefile at 10pt stretch 30 shrink 20 step 10 The stretch 30 shrink 20 step 5 means as much as hey TeX when things are going to bad you may stretch the glyphs in this font as much as 3 or shrink them by 2 Because PDFTfX uses internal datastructures with fixed widths each additional width also means an additional font For practical reasons PDFTEX uses discrete steps in this example a 1 one This means that for font somefi le upto 6 differently scaled alternatives are used When no step is specified 0 5 steps are used Roughly spoken the trick is as follows Consider a text typeset in triple column mode When TX cannot break a line in the appropriate way the unbreakable parts of the word will stick into the margin When PDFT X notes this it will try to scale shrink the glyphs in that line using fixed steps until the line fits When lines are too spacy the opposite happens PDFTpX starts scaling stretching the glyphs until the white space gaps is acceptable The additional fonts are named as somefile 10 or somefile 15 and TFM files with these names and appropriate dimensions must be available So each scaled font must have its own TFM file When no TFM file can be found PDFT X wi
44. ot created see above how to do that or is not properly placed Make sure that TEXFORMATS in texmf cnf contains the path to pdftex fmt or pdflatex fmt e Fatal format file error I m stymied This appears if you forgot to regenerate the fmt files after installing a new version of the PDFTpxX binary and pdftex pool The pdf TX user manual e TEX POOL doesn t match TANGLE me again TEX POOL doesn t match TANGLE me again or fix the path This might appear if you forgot to install the proper pdftex pool when installing a new version of the PDFTpX binary e PDFT X cannot find the configuration file pdftex cfg one or more map files map encoding vec tors enc virtual fonts Type 1 fonts TrueType fonts or some image file Make sure that the required file exists and the corresponding variable in texmf cnf contains a path to the file See above which variables PDFT X needs apart from the ones TpX uses Normally the page content takes one object This means that one seldom finds more than a few hundred objects in a simple file This document for instance uses about 300 objects In demanding applications this number can grow quite rapidly especially when one uses a lot of widget annotations shared an notations or other shared things In these situations in texmf cnf one can enlarge PDFTgxX s internal object table by adding a line in texmf cfg for instance obj_tab_size 400000 Macro packages supporting PDF Tpx
45. r eyes follow the object thread and see how a font is described The only thing missing in this example is the partially embedded glyph description file which for the base fonts is not needed In this simple file we don t specify in what way the file should be opened for instance full screen or clipped A closer look at the page object Type Page shows that a mediabox is part of the page description A mediabox acts like the bounding box in a POSTSCRIPT file PDFTpX users have access to this object by pdfpageattr 3 1 3 2 The pdf TFX user manual Although in most cases macro packages will shield users from these internals PDFT X provides access to many of the entries described here either automatically by translating the TfX data structures into PDF ones or manually by pushing entries to the catalog page info or self created objects Those who after this introduction feel uncomfortable in how to proceed are advised to read on but skip section 7 Before we come to that section we will describe how to get started with PDFT xX Getting started This section describes the steps needed to get PDFIfX running on a system where PDFT X is not yet installed Some TX distributions have PDFT X as a component like TETpX FPTpX MIKTEX and CMACT x so when you use one of them you don t need to bother with the PDFT X installation Note that the installation description in this manual is WEB2C specific For some years there has
46. r scalable fonts as Type 1 TrueType and scalable Type 3 font all the fonts loaded from a TFM at various sizes will be included only once in the PDF output Thus if a font let s say csr10 is described in one of the map files then it will be treated as scalable As a result the font source for csr10 will be included only once for csr10 csr10 at 12pt etc So PDFTE tries to do its best to avoid multiple downloading of identical font sources Thus vector PGC fonts should be specified as scalable Type 3 in map files like csr10 It doesn t hurt much if a scalable Type 3 font is not given in map files except that the font source will be downloaded multiple times for various sizes which causes a much larger PDF output On the other hand if a font is in the map files is defined as scalable Type 3 font and its PGC source is not scalable or not available PDFT X will use PK font instead the PDF output is still valid but some fonts may look ugly because of the scaled bitmap A SlantFont is specified similarly as for dvips A SlantFont or ExtendFont must be used with embed ding font file Note that the base name the POSTSCRIPT name like Symbol or Times Roman cannot be given as PDFTfX never embeds a base font psyr Symbol psyro 167 SlantFont lt usyr pfb ptmr8r Times Roman lt 8r enc To summarize this rather confusing story we include some sample lines First we use a built in font with font specific encoding i e neither a download font nor a
47. reen the paper or whatrever the page content is put on PDFT X reads this parameter when it starts shipping out a page When at this moment the value is still 0 the page width is calculated as Whox being shipped out 2 X horigin Xhoffset Like the next one this value replaces the value set in the configuration file When part of the page falls of the paper or screen you can be rather sure that this parameter is set wrong Xpdfpageheight dimension Similar to the previous one this dimension parameter specifying the page height of the PDF output If not given then the page height will be calculated as mentioned above Xpdfhorigin dimension This parameter can be used to set the horizontal offset the output box from the top left corner of the page A value of 1 inch corresponds to the normal TEX offset This parameter is read when PDFTfX starts shippin gout a page to the PDF outout pdfvorigin dimension This parameter is the vertical alternative of pdfhorigin Keep in mind that the TeX coordinate system starts in the top left corner while the PDF one starts at the bottom pdfpagesattr tokens PDFT X expands this toke list when it finishes the PDF output and adds the resulting character stream to the root Pages object When sound these are applied to all pages in the document Some examples of 19 7 2 The pdf TX user manual attributes are MediaBox the rectangle specifying the natural size of the page CropBox
48. ression decimal_digits 3 max 3 digits after the decimal point image_resolution 300 when not specified embed images at 300 DPI pk_resolution 600 use PK fonts at 600 DPI move_chars 1 move chars in 0 31 to higher area page_width 210truemm A4 paper width page_height 297truemm A4 paper height horigin 1truein horizontal origin offset vorigin 1truein vertical origin offset map pdftex map standard map file map misc map map file for extra fonts The configuration file sets default values for these parameters and apart from he map entry they all can be over ridden in the TgX source file Dimensions can be specified as true which makes them immune for magnification when set output format This integer parameter specifies whether the output format should be DVI or PDF A positive value means PDF output otherwise we get DVI output compress_level This integer parameter specifies the level of text and in line graphics compression PDFT X uses ZIP compression as provided by zlib A value of 0 means no compression 1 means fastest 9 means best 2 8 means something in between Just set this value to 9 unless there is a good reason to do otherwise 0 is great for testing macros that use pdfliteral 3 7 The pdf TX user manual decimal digits This integer specifies the preciseness of real numbers in PDF page descriptions It gives the maximal number of decimal digits after the decimal point of real numbers Valid values
49. ry non bold characters also appear with one pixel wide features and cannot be distinguished from bold characters If bit 19 is set features of bold characters may be thickened at small text sizes 12 The pdf TfX user manual If the font flags are not given PDFT X treats it as being 4 a symbolic font If you do not know the correct value it would be best not to specify it as specifying a bad value of font flags may cause troubles in view ers On the other hand this option is not absolutely useless because it provides backward compatibility with older map files see the fontfile description below fontfile sets the name of the font source file This must be a Type 1 or TrueType font file The font file name can be preceded by one or two special characters which says how the font file should be handled e If itis preceded by a lt the font file will be partly downloaded which means that only used glyphs characters are embedded to the font This is the most common use and is strongly recommended for any font as it ensures the portability and reduces the size of the PDF output Partial fonts are included in such a way that name and cache clashes are minimalized e In case the font file name is preceded by a double lt lt the font file will be included entirely all glyphs of the font are embedded including the ones that are not used in the document Apart from causing large size PDF output this option may cause troubles with TrueT
50. s possible to insert arbitrary one page only PDF files with their own fonts and graphics into a document The front page of this document is an example of such an insert it is an one page document generated by PDFTpX 28 The pdf TfX user manual For new work the METAPOST route is highly recommended For the future Adobe has announced that they will define a specification for encapsulated PDF and this should solve some of the present difficulties The inclusion of raw POSTSCRIPT commands a technique utilized by for instance the pstricks pack age cannot be supported Although PDF is a direct descendant of POSTSCRIPT it lacks any programming language commands and cannot deal with arbitrary POSTSCRIPT Abbreviations In this document we used a few abbreviations For convenience we mention their meaning here AFM Adobe Font Metrics ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange CMACTEX MACINTOSH WEB2C distribution CONTEXT general purpose macro package DJGPP DJ Delorie s GNU Programming Platform DVI natural TeX Device Independ fileformat EPS Encapsulated PostScript EPSTOPDF EPS to PDF conversion tool E Tpx an extension to TEX FP T X WIN32 WEB2C distribution GNU GNU s Not Unix JPEG Joined Photographic Expert Group BIEX general purpose macro package METAFONT graphic programming environment bitmap output METAPOST graphic programming environment vector output MIKTEX WIN32 distribution MSDos Micros
51. ter fonts PDFT X is based on the original TX sources and WEB2C and has been successfully compiled on UNIX WIN32 and MSDos systems It is still under beta development and all features are liable to change Despite its B state PDFTpX produces excellent PDF code As PDFT X evolves this manual will evolve and more background information will be added Be patient with the authors This manual is typeset in CONTEXT One can generate an A4 version from the source code by saying texexec pdftex t An letter size variant is also supported texexec mode letter pdftex t Given that the A4 version is typeset one can generate a booklet by saying texexec pdfarrange paper a5a4 print up addempty 1 2 pdftex t This also demonstrates that PDFTpX can be used for page imposition purposes given that PDFTpX and the fonts are set up all right About PDF The cover of this manual shows a simple PDF file Unless compression and or encryption is applied such a file is rather verbose and readable The first line specifies the version used currently PDFTpx produces level 1 2 output Viewers are supposed to silently skip over all elements they cannot handle A PDF file consist of objects These objects can be recognized by their number and keywords 8 0 obj lt lt Type Catalog Pages 6 0 R gt gt endobj The pdf TfX user manual Here 8 0 obj endobj is the object capsule The first number is the object number Later we will see that PD
52. uch larger file size and more time to 18 The pdf TfX user manual display or print In most cases the optimal value is 2 This parameter does not influence the precision of numbers used in raw PDF code like that used in pdfliteral and annotation action specifications This parameter is read when PDF T X writes a real number to the PDF output When including huge METAPOST images using supp pdf tex one can limit the accuracy to two digits by saying twodigitMPoutput Xpdfmovechars integer This parameter specifies whether PDFT X should try to move characters in range 0 31 to higher slots When set to 1 this feature affects only to fonts that have all character codes below 128 which applies to for instance the Computer Moderd Roman fonts When set to 2 or higher PDFT X will try to move those characters to free slots in encoding array even in case the font contains characters with code greater than or equal to 128 This parameter is read when PDFT X writes a character of a font to the PDF output at which moment it has to decide whether to move the character or not Xpdfpkresolution integer This integer parameter specifies the default resolution of embedded PK fonts and is read when PDF TEX downloads a PK font during finishing the PDF output Currently bitmap fonts are displayed poorly so use Type 1 fonts when available Xpdfpagewidth dimension This dimension parameter specifies the page width of the PDF output being the sc
53. xform attr spec resources spec box number pdfrefxform integer pdflastxform read only integer pdfximage rule spec attr spec page spec file spec pdfrefximage integer pdflastximage read only integer pdfimageresolution integer pdfannot rule spec general text pdflastannot read only integer pdfdest dest spec pdfstartlink rule spec attr spec action spec Xpdfendlink Xpdflinkmargin dimension Xpdfoutline action spec count integer general text Xpdfthread rule spec attr spec id spec Xpdfthreadmargin dimension pdfliteral direct general text 17 7 1 The pdf TfX user manual pdfobj object type spec general text Xpdflastobj read only integer Xpdfrefobj integer Xpdftexversion read only integer Xpdftexrevision expandable New primitives Here follows a short description of new primitives added by PDFT X One way to learn more about how to use these primitives is to have a look at the file example tex in the PDFT X distribution Each PDF TEX specific primitive is prefixed by pdf The parameters that are marked as default from configuration take their value from the configuration file Note that if the output is DVI then the dimension parameters are not set to the configuration values and not used at all However some PDFT X integer parameters can affect the PDF as well as DVI output currently pdfoutput and pdf
54. ype fonts too so it is not recommended It might be useful in case the font is untypical and can not be subsetted well by PDFT X Beware some font vendors forbid full font inclusion e Incase nothing preceded the font file name the font file is read but nothing is embedded only the font parameters are extracted to generate the so called font descriptor which is used by Acrobat Reader to simulate the font if needed This option is useful only when you do not want to embed the font i e to reduce the output size but wish to use the font metrics and let Acrobat Reader generate instances that look close to the used font in case the font resource is not installed on the system where the PDF output will be viewed or printed To use this feature the font flags must be specified and it must have the bit 6 set on which means that only fonts with the Adobe Standard Roman Character Set can be simulated The only exception is in case of Symbolic font which is not very useful e If the font file name is preceded by a the font is not read at all and is assumed to be available on the system This option can be used to create PDF files which do not contain embedded fonts The PDF output then works only on systems where the resource of the used font is available It s not very useful for document exchange as the PDF is not portable at all On the other hand it is very useful when you wish to speed up running of PDFT X during interactive work and
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