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Anabat SD2 User Manual V1.8

1. 99 HOW SETUP THE SD2 FOR PASSIVE MONITORING WITH SET TIME PARAMETER ccc Jo PASSIYE MONITORING WITHA GP Sa ts ane tas 38 PASSIVE MONITORING WITH REMOTE DOWNLOAD 39 PASSIVE MONITORING FROM A VEHICLE ire ete terio eon 40 IIPS FOR PASSIVE MONITORING EE qu vite tied 43 ACTIVE MONITORING USING THE SD2 45 ACTIVE MONITORING WITHA PDA m 46 ANAPOCKET AND PDA SD2 USB DRIVER 5 46 SETUP THE SD2 FOR ACTIVE MONITORING WITH A PDA eee 49 ACIVEMONITORING WIRA 53 HOW CONVERT GPS ABG FILES AND MAPS TRACKS AND BAITS 59 MAPPING TRACKS AND BATS WITH GPS UTILITY 60 MAPPING TRACKS AND BATS WITH GOOGLE 64 USING BLUETOOTH MODULES WITH THE SD2 AND PDA 65 VISUAL OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES FOR ACTIVE 79 RECORDING VOICE ANNOTATIONS oS ehe 6 dul icm eO dec X E DOWNLOADING 78 HOW DOWNLOAD DATA FROM THE CF CARD 8 ADDITIO
2. 20 gU 21 SDZ BASIC OFERA TON 22 TES UNG THES YS ce O 25 WHICH DATA AND AUDIO DIVISION RATIOS 24 BATA VISITS 24 BR DO ES Tr E 24 DATA DIYSIONRA E aeu datae tied i teda nds 24 Br JE DIVSION RATO m 24 AUVDISDIVRION RA MO s 25 COMPACTREASH GARDS EETA 26 WHATCFCARDS CAN BE pA e lutum O ee 26 FORMAMING Cr Gr ipu 26 HOW COMIN EN ANTEISE E CTS DIS ie ene eret Saa 26 C come talents il 29 que PR dcs HE 29 NCHCECARDUNSDAEBPED 30 CORRUPT DATA DATE 30 INCCCONAPATIBBE C PC 30 DAD PUB ee een en eut 3 HOW TO CHECK REMAINING CF CARD STORAGE 3l 31 PASSIVE MONITORING 2 32 DELAYED START MONITORING BEGINS ENDS 29 33 HOW TO SET TIME PARAMETERS ON THE
3. e n 3 log 30 12 2009 9 28 AM File folder Recent TE DAT 25 08 2010 2 52PM File Monitoring begins at 19 00 0C Desktop Monitoring ends Erase Libraries Time pen Get ID Set Computer Clase Version Check Network lt p Status TEREE Open D waiting Files of type Datfles dat amp Cancel Open as read only 5 Click Download A Download Options window will pop up This lists a number of options for downloading the data using CFCread 78 CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair FADATA DAT Choose Input File Download Download Options rc TimeZone card A Split nights B 8 Division Ratio we e Start delayed M Jan 2000 0600 Activate Wavy GPS etc Status File A Generate Generate Monitoring Begins and Ends at _ CF Anabat filez Activate E F e Generate e Save on Cal Montong begins at 180000 AutoS ave parameters wv Use Monitoring ends at 06 00 00 i 50 Smooth b Max TBC secs Port Time 5 Min Line Length j pen Get ID Set ZCA files Close Version Check e Status wR 5 c DK Waiting i 5m synch 40T10k Cancel 6 Choose the relevant download options and click OK A Split nights tick box to save separate nights of da
4. 3 A security window will appear stating Windows can t verify the publisher of this driver software Choose Install this driver software anyway Windows can t verify the publisher of this driver software Don t install this driver software You should check your manufacturer s website for updated driver software for your device Install this driver software anyway Only install driver software obtained from your manufacturer s websiteor disc Unsigned software from other sources may harm your computer or steal information i Windows has successfully updated your driver software Windows has finished installing the driver software for this device Anabat SD2 USB VCom Port Now when you connect the SD2 to your PC using the USB port MS Windows will automatically add a COM Port called AnaBat SD2 USB VCom Port where x is the COM Port number assigned to the SD2 To see what COM port number is assigned to the SD2 click Start gt Control Panel gt Hardware and Sound gt Device Manager Ports Com amp LPT and a list of COM ports will appear File Action View Help 21010 sas Clare PC gt Ag Batteries b Bluetooth Radios 4M Computer gt CryptOSD Disk drives gt M Display adapters gt f DVD CD ROM drives gt Human Interface Devices gt lt IDE ATA ATAPI controllers gt Imaging devices gt n Mice and oth
5. flash when GPS fixes are received Press the RECORD STANDBY button to end recording and switch between Forced Record and Forced Command modes Forced Forced Forced Record Command Record SLEEP MODE RECORD and STANDBY LED lit Sleep mode occurs when CF card is installed which has been programmed with Delayed Start date and time parameters 97 In Sleep mode the bat detector is inactive and draws very little power until the Delayed Start date and time has lapsed after which the detector will enter Forced Record mode and continue monitoring until switched off Sleep mode will only be indicated by the LEDs on the front panel for ten seconds before the bat detector becomes inactive Press the RECORD STANDBY button to switch between modes to briefly carry out other functions such as adjusting the sensitivity You may need to press the button several times to reach the mode you require The detector will cycle through modes in the following order Sleep Forced Forced Sleep Record Command STANDBY MODE STANDBY LED lit Standby mode occurs when CF card is installed which has been programmed with Monitoring Begin and End time parameters In Standby mode the bat detector is inactive and draws very little power until the Monitoring Begins time lapses The detector will then enter Forced Record mode and continue monitoring until the Monitoring Ends time lapses at which
6. 10 Adjust your Map Calibration settings Click Options Map Setting In the 1 Map Calibration box uncheck Calibration Hints and select the 3 option Click OK To add gridlines click Options Map Appearance and check Grids Generate three calibration waypoints to use to calibrate the Bats txt map to an image Click Enter Drag Waypoints the upside down red T button Move cursor to and click on a point on or close to the Track you wish to use as a calibration point In the Data Dialogue window name the calibration waypoint in the ID field A B and C for example and change the symbol shape click on the Waypoint drop down menu Enter a comment if you wish such as Calibration Point Clearly identifying calibration waypoints will prevent them being confused with bat position waypoints To adjust the position of the point against the underlying track use the radiating arrows in The upper left corner Click OK Repeat this step for each of the remaining calibration points Note calibration points correct the alignment between the and image Therefore the best points to use for calibration are Points which are clearly visible on both the Track and the image such as turns at road junctions or creeks You must work out what part of your Track corresponds to what features in the image Each point should be as far apart as feasible and NOT in a straight line A triangle is best 12 To import
7. BOOT MODE wakeup from Power Button Internal Power Supply 5 20 Temperature is 23 deg C Initialising USB CDC Class Initialising Low Level Disk I O Layer Drive Mounted checking for DATA DAT File Data dat file found gt Reading Header Information Complete 3 deg 2010 09 23 16 40 20 2010 09 23 16 40 20 2010 09 23 16 40 20 2010 09 23 16 40 20 2010 09 23 16 40 20 2010 09 23 16 40 22 2010 09 23 16 40 22 2010 09 23 16 40 23 2010 09 23 16 40 23 gt Scanning for First Unused Data Secto Data dat says file size is 989040 kB and data starts on CF at sector 0x244 First empty sector found at address 0x200 in alarms set FORCED RECORD MODE Power Button Pressed Record Report Recording session began at 16 40 20 gt Recording session ended at 16 40 22 2010 09 23 16 40 23 2010 09 23 16 40 23 2010 09 23 16 40 23 2010 09 23 16 40 23 gt You recorded 12 kB 25 sectors this session gt Total size of in data dat B 26 sectors Total space 2 4 989027 1978054 sectors F MO The firmware version and serial number of the SD2 unit which wrote the log file appears at the top Next the log file records the SD2 woke up as the POWER button was pressed as opposed to RIC wake up the battery voltage and temperature of the SD2 at that time that the DATA DAT file was found and what the next sector availa
8. May May wA or or of mee Of Of will also flash when valid GPS fixes are received if SD2 is connected to a GPS unit BOOT MODE RECORD STANDBY and STATUS LEDs lit he Boot mode occurs only briefly while the bat detector boots up after being turned on before the current operating mode is displayed The time taken for the detector to boot up will vary depending on whether a CF card is installed the size of the CF card and the amount of existing data stored on the CF card COMMAND MODE STATUS and ERROR LEDs Iit The bat detector will automatically start up in Command mode if no CF card is installed and the POWER button is pressed The ERROR LED simply means there is no CF card installed which is not an error if you are using a PDA or Computer to store data or don t wish to store data In Command mode the detector will respond to any commands sent to it via the computer serial or USB port from a PDA or computer While detected bat calls will be audible through the loudspeaker no data will be saved in this mode Command mode is used during Active Monitoring to adjust and change settings on the bat detector through AnaPocket or AnalookW via a PDA or computer It is also used when you want to test the general operation of the detector and check or set the Real Time Clock in the detector via CFCread 95 To switch between Command and Record modes when Active Monitoring use An
9. If the SD2 was set with monitoring begins and ends times then the unit will power on again at the next monitoring begins time to see if the battery has been recharged If the battery voltage is 10 7 volts or above the SD2 will start the recording session If the battery voltage is less than 10 7 volts the SD2 will go to sleep and wake up for the next recording session If the SD2 was set without monitoring begins and ends times 18 and a low battery shutdown occurs then the unit will power on again at 6PM to see if the battery has been recharged If the battery voltage is less than 10 7 volts the SD2 will go to sleep and wake up again at 6PM the following day and so on This is done to protect your battery from permanent damage due to over discharge External battery SD2 low battery warning at 11 4V shut down at 10 7V Connector specifications female DC plug with a positive tip exterior diameter 5 5 mm pin size 2 5 mm barrel length 9 mm If is also recommended that the lead used to connect the external battery is fitted with an in line 500mA 0 5 fast blow fuse This size of fuse is required as 502 draws a quick burst of current when it starts up Polarity of the connector fip positive means the inside of the barrel is 12V and the outside is ground You can check that your power is wired correctly by connecting a multimeter on the voltage setting Put the positive probe up inside the DC plug and the negative probe on the outside
10. Initialise CF Activate Recent Places Monitoring begins at 180000 i cmm Desktop Monitonng ends at 050000 Erase f Libraries Port Time 3p Open Get ID Set Computer Close Version Check _ Status File name DATA lt Flesoftype Datisca 2 1 _ Open as read only drive and file open will be displayed in the top left hand corner of the CFCread program window 4 Click Initialise CF This will put the DATA DAT file on your CF card The SD2 will save all bat data to this file If you are using CFCread 4 3j or later there will be 1 MB free in which the SD2 will save diagnostic log files If you try to initialise a CF card that hasn t been formatted you ll get a warning and error message 2 CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair FWD ATA DAT 22 TimeZone Check card Quit Start delayed till 01 Jan 2000 05 00 Activate Monitoring Begins and Ends at Activate Moratoring begins at 18 DDEOCI Monitoring ends at 06 00 00 Erase Port Time Status Waiting Wait patiently A message will appear in CFCread when it is Done The time taken to Initialise the CF card will depend on the size of the card and it may take quite a while in larger sized cards The LED will flash on the CF card reader writer while this process is occurring When the CF
11. a jig to hold the Chirper and detector in careful alignment and a software package that helps to automatically set sensitivities to a desired value Water proofing and protection Since passive monitoring installations are often left out in the field for long periods the equipment needs to be protected from the elements Particularly rain as the SD2 microphones and cables are not waterproof While most of the equipment can easily be protected from the rain by housing it in a big plastic box for example the microphone will inevitably be exposed to the weather t then becomes a trade off between the advantages of protecting the microphone from rain and the disadvantages of Impeding the microphones sensitivity and detect ability Make sure you are aware of the effects any waterproofing methods you use are will have on your data sampling and most importantly that you consistently use the same methods on all your detectors 43 Less restrictive methods be used for short term or overnight deployments particularly if sampling does not take place when rain is forecast Camouflage may be necessary in urban environments where there is a high risk of vandalism and theft Notes or Verbal Comments Additional observations at time of sampling such as weather or habitat conditions can be useful when identifying bat calls later on in the office or lab The audio microphone MIC button on the front panel of the bat detector can be use
12. and select the folder with the GPS abg file you wish to convert Click OK Make sure GPX is selected in the Output type box and the time zone CMT is correct for the location the GPS file was recorded If you get the time zone wrong it will record the wrong time for all the track points in the resulting file but will not affect the appearance of the data Click Run A message will appear telling you how many track points were found Click Close 5 The converted file will be saved in the source folder with the GPS abg file If you selected GPS GPSU or GPS Excel the file will be named GPS GPSU txt or GPS_EXCEL ixt respectively Otherwise the file will appear as GPSfolder gpx You may rename the file if you wish just keep the extension the same MAPPING TRACKS AND BATS WITH GPS UTILITY Although the information here is specific To GPS Utility the general principles could be applied to many different programs GPS Utility can be downloaded from http www gpsu co uk features html 1 Open AnalookW version 3 5h onwards 2 To generate a track point file you need to convert the GPS ABG file to a GPS GPSU txt file compatible with GPS Utility see instructions above 3 Prepare the AnaBat files you wish to map the locations of along the Track Scan through the files and make sure only those containing bat files are kept and each file contains GPS co ordinates embedded in the text header If the GPS co ordinates are missing
13. 4 VISUAL OBSERVATION TECHNIQUES FOR ACTIVE MONITORING Visual observations can assist the acoustic identification of bats as they provide a context in which to interpret the calls Some groups of species which are difficult to distinguish acoustically are much easier visually and vice versa Spotlights and Floodlights ideal spotlight is one which throws a broad beam or corona of light provided it is of sufficient intensity around a concentrated central beam he broad beam allows you to spot bats on the periphery while the central beam is useful for picking up details from a distance It is offen easier to spot bats using a floodlight which throws a broad even beam of light than using a spotlight This is because you re not focused on the bright central beam ruining your night vision and will be able to pick up bats in the periphery Technique Position yourselt so that bats may be seen with as little background as possible Bats are difficult to follow when they pass in front of vegetation In the open the best viewing sites are those where the bats are likely to be flying overhead In enclosed areas the greater the distance between the bat and any background vegetation the better Spotting bats when they are detected takes a lot of practice As the bat detector is directional moving the detector around can give you a better idea of which direction the bat is calling from Alternatively moving the spotlight around might hel
14. 502 powered by External Power 11 78 2010 09 20 20 00 00 Temperature is 24 deg i 3 deg C 2010 09 20 20 00 00 Initialising USB Cla 2010 09 20 20 00 00 Initialising Low Level Disk I O Layer 2010 09 20 20 00 00 Drive Mounted 2010 09 20 20 00 00 checking for File 2010 09 20 20 00 03 file found 2010 09 20 20 00 03 Reading Header Information 2010 09 20 20 00 03 Data dat is ok 2010 09 20 20 00 03 Scanning for First Unused Data Sector 2010 09 20 20 00 03 Data dat says file size is 1964800 kB and data starts on CF at sector 0x2188 2010 09 20 20 00 03 First empty sector at address 0x200 in Data dat 2010 09 20 20 00 03 Monitor begin time 20 0 2010 09 20 20 00 03 Monitor end time 6 00 2010 09 20 20 00 03 During monitor time 2010 09 20 20 00 03 SD2 sensitivity set by to 2 22 8 255 2010 09 20 20 00 03 RECORD MODE 2010 09 20 05 06 48 FLAT BATTERY MODE 2010 09 20 05 06 48 External Power Supply 10 23v 2010 09 20 05 06 48 with wakeup Ln 1 Coll The Monitoring ends at time lapsed The detector will stop recording when the Monitoring ends at time has lapsed If this happened at a time you did not specify the time parameters may have been set incorrectly for the time period you wished to sample Check the time parameters on your CF card using CFCread The time is in 24 hour format Also check
15. PORT Purpose The SD2 digital I O port can be used by other equipment to switch an 502 on and also monitor when the SD2 is on recording If might be that you have a weather station or some other sensor which you want to use to trigger the 502 to record after some event has occurred or log when recording is Occurring How to use You can switch the 502 on or off via the digital I O port by connecting the input and common pins of the digital I O connector You can connect the input and common pin with a relay for instance with the weather station switching power to the relay s coil and the Normally Open contacts of the relay connected to the input and common pins of the digital I O port The operation is just like the power button in that if the SD2 is off a brief pulse for 200ms or longer of connection between input and common switches it on and then another pulse of connection between input and common switches it off When the SD2 is switched on via the digital I O port the log file will say Wakeup from Digital Input after the message output port is an opto coupled open collector output that can be used with external electronics to sense when the SD2 is on recording Connections on the Digital I O port The plug that goes into the digital I O port is a Weco 110 A 115 3 Front of SD2 Output Input Common Maximum ratings The maximum voltage present on the Input pin is 3 3 Volts and the ma
16. Tap Next 75 Connection Wizard 6 X 4 05 Explore a Bluetooth device 2 Discover the services another device offers and create connection shortcuts for them High Quality Audio setup Setup Bluetooth Headphones or Stereo Speakers to be used with your PocketPC Connect to Internet via phone Access the Internet with a Bluetooth enabled mobile phone Hands free Headset setup Setup a Bluetooth Hands free or Headset to be used with your PocketPC PIM synchronization Synchronize contacts and other Cancel ess Next NOTE The screen shots below show a device name set to Clare LM048 7 A window will appear showing a list of available Bluetooth devices Tap twice on your named device from the list of icons 8 The PDA will retrieve a list of services provided by the Bluetooth device Tap on the item that appears in the Service Selection box then tap Next gt Finish 5 10 04 r Connection Wi Bluetooth Connection Mizard Explore a Bluetooth device 9 Clare LM048 Service Selection Please select the servicets offered by this device you would like to create connection shortcuts For Security Use secure encrypted connection Cancel Back gt 2 A shortcut to your Bluetooth device has now been created 9 the Bluetooth Manager screen tap twice on the shortcut to
17. The dots within the call points crossing zero in ZCA must be smoothly connected which means that each dot must be close to the average of the dots either side of it How close is decided by the Smooth parameter Normally this would be set to 50 You could set it lower if you want only the best quality calls or higher if you are willing to accept worse calls But 50 seems good compromise for most purposes Min Line Length 105 his parameter specifies the number of dots sequence which must be smoothly connected for the signal to be considered a bat call The sequence of dots must have a length greater than the Min Line Length parameter Five is usually a good choice but if you are using a Data Division Ratio of 8 you could go a bit larger The problem is that smaller values make you more vulnerable to noise but larger values increase the likelihood of missing some types of short duration calls MaxTBC This is simply the maximum time in seconds between the start of one call and the start of the next call A file will only be saved if at least two calls are detected within the time set by MaxIBC Five seconds is usually a good choice If only one call is detected within MaxTBC then no file will be saved If 2 or more calls are detected with MaxTBC then a file will always be saved Q How does AnaBat decide when to save a file A Once again the AnaBat detector unit itself does not decide what to save All ultrasonic si
18. WGS84 datum is supported at present Incoming valid GPS data will be stored on the CF card even if bat calls are being recorded at the same time The GPS can be detached from the detector once the GPS fixes have been saved to the CF card if monitoring will be stationary or can be left attached to the detector if monitoring from a vehicle CFCread is used to download the GPS data into a track point file which will appear in the same folder as the AnaBat data if any The GPS data can be viewed using Notepad or WordPad and can also be imported directly into a program such as GPS Utility To save GPS data onto the CF card do the following 1 Connect the GPS to the bat detector s SERIAL PORT The GPS unit must be set to send NMEA sentences GPGGA GPRMC or PGRMM at 4800 baud Consult your GPS manual on how to do this The update rate should be no faster than once per second 1 2 2 Provide power to the detector Via AA batteries or external 12V battery 3 Insert an initialised CF card 4 Press the POWER button Then press the Record Standby button and ensure that the RECORD and STATUS LEDs are lit indicating that the detector is in Forced Record mode see OVERVIEW OPERATING MODES 5 Wait for the STANDBY LED to flash GPS data is saved onto the CF card 8 fixes a time and the STANDBY LED will flash each time a valid GPS fix is received by the bat detector If the STANDBY LED is not flashing the GPS
19. and AnaBat files match up correctly for mapping purposes later on and that your PDA clock is correct 56 AnaPocket 53 51 i AnaPocket 45 4 3 52 PDA clock set to GPS Settings Map File Time Opts caps ools 6 You are now ready to begin your Active Monitoring session with the CF GPS Ensure you have adjusted the volume sensitivity and AnaPocket settings Data Div ratio etc as described in 97 ACTIVE MONITORING WITH A PDA before entering Record or Monitor modes Remember to take particular care to ensure the data div setting of the detector is set to the same value AnaPocket To check the GPS Map tap GPS Map AnaPocket 5 3 51 X Disconnect Set Clock File Time Opts Rec As long as the GPS is active you can also jump to the Map by tapping on the main Frequency time screen Likewise tapping on the main GPS Map screen will take you back to the display The GPS Map is a basic display of the GPS Track saved in the GPS ABG file showing the entire route you have taken since the current file was started The Map depicts the most recent part of your track the last 100 fixes in a different colour to indicate your direction of travel and your Current position is depicted by a square The Map will be constantly updated to reflect your current position while the GPS is receiving valid fixes A GPS fix will be saved in the GPS ABG file every o
20. as this reduces the microphone s sensitivity especially at higher frequencies The Green Hi microphone can be safely used separated from the detector body on an extension cable without any loss in sensitivity If can also attach directly to the bat detector The Green microphone is typically used in situations where the microphone is separated from the detector during passive monitoring or when monitoring from a vehicle where the microphone is mounted on the roof The White Lo Frequency microphone is more sensitive at low frequencies This microphone is useful when the species of interest calls below 15 kHz and ambient ultrasonic noise levels are low quiet Headphones should be worn to avoid feedback from the loudspeaker when listening to the bat calls 502 POWER REQUIREMENTS SD2 can be powered internally via 4 x AA batteries OR externally via a 12 Volt battery The unit is NOT able to use the AA batteries as backup power so do not leave AA batteries in the unit while using 12 volt power The LOW BATTERY LED will light up on the front panel of the bat detector when the battery voltage is low When it drops below a set voltage the LOW BATTERY LED will flash a few times before the detector switches itself off This prevents rechargeable batteries from being over discharged and damaged when they are run too flat Obviously if the LOW BATTERY LED is lit you should change the batteries All batteries must be removed from the bat
21. card has been initialised CFCread will inform you no time parameters have been set and that the card is empty The CF Card is now ready to use in the bat detector A CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair FADATA DAT Done 1878080 free sectors written Choose Input File Download Tim e CFC Read 4 3q rm Stat delay 224 Start not delayed Monitoring LI Start time not set End time not set CF card empty erased 28 CHECKING CF CARD COMPATIBILITY It s recommended that you check formatted initialised CF cards in the 502 for compatibility before attempting to use them To check CF card compatibility 1 2 Insert the formatted initialised CF card into 502 Press the POWER button SD2 will enter Boot mode The RECORD STANDBY and STATUS LEDs will be lit During this time the card is being checked by the SD2 If the detector completes the boot process And enters the relevant operation mode for example Record mode with the RECORD LED lit the CF card is compatible If the detector stays in Boot mode and the ERROR LED starts to flash CF card is incompatible with the SD2 See CF CARD ERRORS below for further details and solutions If only the ERROR LED is flashing and no other LEDs are lit he CF card is compatible but the DATA DAT file is corrupt See CF CARD ERRORS and REPAIR OPTIONS FOR COR
22. from any of the files AnalookW 60 will not generate the waypoint file See what to do with files missing GPS fixes below To limit the number of bat records or waypoints displayed This is useful if you recorded large numbers of AnaBat sequence files during your Active Monitoring session Copy the files you want into a new folder To display different species In the species field of the text header label all or some of the AnaBat files in your original folder with the species identified in those files Disperse the files into a new set of folders one for each species see Instructions for the use of AnalookW on the distribution CD What to do with files missing GPS fixes This will happen if the GPS unit was not giving valid fixes at the time the file was saved However if the GPS was getting valid fixes before and after that time you can use these GPS fixes which were recorded with times to figure out the approximate GPS co ordinates for the AnaBat files which were also recorded with times a Create a new folder called NoGPS Go through the AnaBat files in AnalookW and mark using Alt m all those lacking GPS fixes Click Edit Move if Marked Command or press Alt e v Selected the NoGPS folder and click OK to move all the AnaBat files missing GPS fixes into the NoGPS folder b Click Tools AnaHead browse to the NoGPS folder from the left pane and make sure all the files in the folder are highlighted in the right
23. is lit If the detector is not put back into Sleep or Standby mode it will not operate as programmed see OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES WARNING DO NOT POWER OFF THE DETECTOR This is not the same as the detector switching itself off entering low power Sleep or Standby modes Pressing the POWER button during the 10 second delay before the bat detector enters Sleep or Standby modes will end your recording session This will also occur if the POWER button is pressed when the bat detector is in Record mode within the monitoring period However pressing the POWER button after the bat detector has entered Sleep or Standby modes before the Monitoring Begin time has lapsed will simply reactivate it To check the operating status press the LEDS ON OFF button first This will prevent you from inadvertently ending your recording session If the detector is in Record mode the RECORD LED will light up indicating the detector is within the monitoring period If the detector is in Sleep or Standby modes none of the LEDs will light Only then is it safe to press the POWER button to reactivate the detector and confirm the detector is either Sleep or Standby modes or carry out other functions Below is an example log file from successful sampling session using a CF card with set time parameters 36 AnaBat 502 CF Bat Detector Firmware version v4054 Serial Number SN
24. is not getting valid fixes and no fixes will be saved to the CF card Surrounding trees or buildings may block the signal so make sure the GPS has a clear view of the sky Now that you have a few fixes you can disconnect the GPS or change operating modes 38 PASSIVE MONITORING WITH GML1 REMOTE DOWNLOAD For long term fixed passive monitoring installations GML Remote Download can be used to check the detector status and battery life verify and change settings download data remotely through secure server This eliminates the need for regular visits to a recording site Each night s data is downloaded at the end of each recoding period set by the Monitoring ends at time This prevents data loss if the monitoring installation gets stolen or is damaged from vandalism animals storms etc The SD2 must have GML1 compatible firmware indicated by w at the in order to work with the GMLI system See GML1I RREFERENCE MANUAL for further details on how to set up configure and use GMLI Remote Download with your bat detector Below is an example log from successful sampling session and subsequent data upload from an D2 GML1 system Fille Edit Format View Help AnaBat SD2 CF Bat Detector Firmware version v4054w Serial Number 5N 99999 YYY MM DD HH 2010 05 21 2010 05 21 2010 05 21 2010 05 21 19 30 2010 05 21 19 2010 05 21 2010 05 21 2010 05 21 2010 05 21 19 2010 0
25. pane Make sure the window is big enough to see clearly c Click Positions Choose File and select the relevant GPS GPSU txt file An additional pane will appear in the window with a TK entry TK means Track The date and time of the Track listed must cover the time interval over which the relevant files were recorded If it doesn t you may have accidently selected the wrong GPS GPSU txt file reload the correct one If you cannot interpret the AnaBat file names to determine if the dates and times match up with the TK entry see the 61 d UNDERSTANDING ANABAT FILE NAMES section in this manual e Click Positions Track Yes AnalookW will use the times recorded with the GPS fixes from the track points in the Track record to match up the times recorded in the AnaBat files and insert the relevant GPS fixes f All the AnaBat files in the NoGPS folder wil now have GPS Co ordinates and can be moved back into their original folder To generate the waypoint file of bat positions click Tools gt In the left window pane browse to the relevant folder and in the right pane highlight or select the AnaBat files you want to Click Positions Make Waypoint File A file called batpositions txt will appear in the source folder with the AnaBat files You will need to repeat this step for each separate set of files you want to map i e each sub folder representing a species At this point you should have one track point f
26. settings on the detector sensitivity volume etc as required If you want to adjust the frequency axis on the sonograms you can do so in Opts gt Freq in the AnaPocket menu ne AnaPocket ex x 10 23 X ne AnaPocket x 10 10 ok Fmin S Fmax Display Path File Time Opts Rec GPS Tools The time frequency colours can be changed from the default settings under Opts gt Display in the AnaPocket menu 50 78 AnaPocket x 10 23 X XA AnaPocket x 10 10 I Use BigDots View all of newly opened file Colours Background Ybars Record File Time Opts Rec GPS Tools To change where AnaBat files are saved on the PDA tap Opts gt Path and select the BatFiles folder See the AnaPocket manual supplied on the distribution CD SD or CF card if you have one inserted into the appropriate slot on the PDA JAN AnaPocket ex x 10 23 X 78 AnaPocket x 10 10 Freq Record Display File Time opts Rec GPS Tools 8 Tap Opts gt Record in the AnaPocket menu to check the Data Division ratio is the same as the setting on the detector If they are different then calls will be displayed at the wrong frequency 51 AnaPocket x 10 07 Res DPP Save On Cal O 1 Q 3 22 4 n AnaPocket x 3 4x10 23 X Frea File Time Opts Rec GPS Tools 9 To connect to the SD2 in AnaPocket for the very first time Choose P
27. that the date and time on your bat detector match the date and time in your time zone also using The CF card is full When the CF card is full no more data can be saved during the sampling period This can occur even if you use a CF card greater than AGB This is 100 because the biggest bat data file DATA DAT possible is 4GB and no more bat data can be saved than this regardless of how big the CF card is see FORMATTING CF CARDS for further details The RECORD STATUS STANDBY and ERROR LEDs will all be flashing on the front panel of the detector when the CF card is full Download the data using CFCread to free up space on the CF card or use another CF card which has some storage space remaining The detector s controls indicators are on but have frozen The SD2 doesn t have a hard reset button like the SD1 If the detector freezes or locks up you have to remove the batteries to reset it The detector will lock up like this if you eject the CF card from the unit without turning off the detector first The AnaPocket user interface freezes on the PDA during a recording session The AnaPocket user interface may freeze on the PDA when there is too much incoming data which may be due to extremely high levels of bat activity or excessive insect noise Although calls will not be displayed on the screen the detected signals are still saved when the SAVE button is pressed Detected bat calls are not bei
28. the visibility of the Map by checking BigDots to make the dots in the display larger Be aware that this change will be at the cost of resolution 9 To close the GPS connection on completion of your Active Monitoring session tap GPS Disconnect GPS co ordinates will be embedded in each AnaBat file saved during the sampling session and are visible in the text header using AnalookW In addition a file of GPS fixes called GPS ABG will appear in the BatFiles folder on your PDA along with any AnaBat files you recorded saved HOW TO CONVERT GPS ABG FILES AND MAPS TRACKS AND BATS he GPS ABG file is in a terse esoteric format which you can t read directly You will need to use AnalookW to convert it in order to read or map the data In converting the GPS ABG file you are actually creating a file of Track points Track points are the GPS fixes with times recorded in the GPS abg file showing the entire Track or route you took during your Active Monitoring session The times associated with Track points indicate when you were at a particular location Assuming you used a PDA to collect both bat calls and GPS positions each AnaBat file you saved will have a GPS position automatically stored in the file and will become a waypoint Waypoints are the GPS fixes which record the location of an object If you only want to map your Track you need only convert the GPS ABG file to generate the Track point file To map your track AND the locations where yo
29. to 50 255 set SD2 data division ratio set data div to 16 download started with sector 0x2034 command 502 delete contents of data dat file Deleting contents of Data file Delete complete with 8590 sectors erased GML Download report gt Lowest sector asked for 0x2034 Lowest sector in data dat 0x2034 gt Highest sector asked for Ox41C2 Highest used sector in data dat 0 41 2 gt Number of valid sectors present in data dat 8591 including file header gt Valid sectors read by GML 8591 Retries 0 gt Invalid sectors asked for by GML 0 Sectors after end of valid bat data gt Number of sectors erased 8590 GML query SD2 serial number GML query SD2 RTC Time query string returned is Ln 16 Col 36 39 PASSIVE MONITORING FROM A VEHICLE The bat detector can be set up to automatically monitor and record bat calls passively from a moving vehicle allowing road based surveys to be conducted over large distances Passive Monitoring from a vehicle requires an SD2 GPS green Hi mic and specialised Car Mount available as a kit from Titley The car mount allows the detector s microphone to be mounted on the roof of a vehicle via an extension cable where it is less susceptible to road noise It also enables the driver alone to conduct effective road based bat surveys safely no need for a passenger to hold the detector out the window The GPS is essential because ba
30. to be formatted in Windows Explorer and initialized in CFCread Once initialized put the CF card into the SD2 to test its compatibility before heading out into the field CF cards should not be removed from the bat detector while it is turned on Always turn off the detector before removing the CF card except where instructed to do so in this manual WHAT CF CARDS CAN BE USED CF card with sizes from 64MB to 16GB have been tested and work in the SD2 Firmware the internal program used to run the SD2 version 4053g works with more compact flash card brands than earlier versions such as 4051g In these earlier versions of firmware Silicon Power Ultima and 45x cards were problematic It is recommended that you test CF card compatibility and make sure that the cards complete the boot process see below before attempting to use them in the field It is also best to use new rather than used cards as used cards can create problems in the DATA DAT file FORMATTING CF CARDS CF cards must be formatted in MS Windows as either 16 or FAT32 not NTFS as it will not work in the SD2 before you use CFCread to initialise the card This can be done using a file management utility such as My Computer or MS Windows Explorer FAT32 is preferred over 16 as it is more efficient for cards larger than 64MB but both formats will work Although CF cards larger than 4GB can be used in the bat detector the biggest bat data file
31. which COM port is linked with your SD2 see step 6 in 85 USB DRIVER INSTALLATION FOR THE SD2 FADATA DAT pomes 5 TimeZone Check cand Quit Start delayed till 01 Jan 2000 06 00 E Activate r Manitonng Begins and E reds at Initialise CF Eod Monitoring begins at 18 00 00 i at 0 00 00 Monitoring ends at 6 To CHECK the date and time click Check under the Time section he status window will show the number of seconds the clock in the SD2 is faster or slower than the clock on your PC usually this will only be a few tenths of a second unlike the example below 9 CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Ie CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair Repair F DATA DAT FADATADAT Choose Input File Download top TimeZone Check card Start delayed till Quit 01 Jan 2000 06 00 Activate Initialise CF Monitoring Begins and Ends at Activate 18 00 00 Monitoring begins at 06 00 00 Monitoring ends at Erase Time Set Check S Port Close Comm port ready Get ID Version Status Choose Input File D ownload itor TimeZone Check card Quit Initialise CF Start delayed till 01 Jan 2000 06 00 Activate Monitoring Begins and Ends at Activate Monitoring begins 12 00 00 Monitoring ends at
32. will launch the Hardware Update Wizard to install the driver he first window will ask if you want MS Windows9 to connect to MS Windows Update to search for software Select No not this time Click Next Hardware Update Wizard Welcome to the Hardware Update Wizard Windows will search for current and updated software by looking on your computer on the hardware installation CD or on the Windows Update Web site with your permission Read our privacy policy Can Windows connect to Windows Update to search for software Yes this time only Yes now and every time connect a device No not this time Click Next to continue 2 Insert the AnaBat SD2 CD into your CDROM drive Select Install from a list or specified location Advanced Click Next Hardware Update Wizard This wizard helps you install software for AnaBat SD2 VCOM If your hardware came with an installation CD lt 4 or floppy disk insert it now What do you want the wizard to do Install the software automatically Recommended Install from a list or specific location amp dvanced Click Next to continue 3 Select Search for the driver and only check Search removable media floppy CD ROM Click Next Hardware Update Wizard Please choose your search and installation options x ey gt Search for the best driver in these locations Use the check boxes below to limit or expand the default s
33. 060000 m Open Get ID Close Status slow by 3 0 secs Version 7 To CHANGE the date and time click Set under the Time section date and time of your PC will be sent to the 502 E CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair FADATA DAT Choose Input File Download tor TimeZone Check card start delayed till Qus 01 Jan 2000 0600 Activate Monitoring Begins and Ends at Initialise CF Activate Monitoring begins at 18 00 00 06 00 00 Monitorning ends at Status slow by 3 0 secs CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair F DATA DAT Choose Input File TimeZone Check card Start delayed till Download to 01Jan 2000 06 00 Monitoring Begins and Ends at Activate 18 00 00 Monitoring begins at 06 00 00 Monitoring ends Port 3 a pen Close Statu Get ID Version Initialise CF Erase Quit Activate Time Check ZCAIM Time Set OK 8 8 Click Close in the Port section of the window Failure to properly close the connection between the detector and the PC may cause incorrect time settings in the SD2 CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair F DATA DAT Choose Input File Download TimeZone Check card Quit Start delayed till i 01 Jan 2000 06 00 Activate Monitoring Begins an
34. 200 None v Flow Control Stop Bits Ornate on Pod Reset Device Device Name Device Address Serial Adapter Restart Device Pin Code AT Command 1234 Send AT Command Dizable Authentication amp uke Connect Device Mode C Non Discoverable OO Master 9 Discoverable Slave Cl Remote Configuration UART initialised successfuly Local initislsed successFully amp amp UART Davies Caonnechon 5 Change to the following settings if they are not in these states Baud rate 115200 Parity None Flow control Disabled Stop Bits One Discoverable Mode Discoverable Device Mode Slave Un check all the check boxes EXCEPT for Auto Connect 6 Give your LM 048 Bluetooth module a name and pass code in the Device Name and Pin code sections This name will be disolayed when you use the module to connect with your SD2 via PDA and make it easier to identify the module The default Pin code is 1234 When the PDA connects to the Bluetooth module it will ask for your Pin Code 7 Click on the Program Device button Then after a few seconds click on Get Device Info and make sure the settings are correct 8 The LM 048 Bluetooth Module is now configured for use with the SD2 You can now disconnect the Bluetooth Module It may be a good idea to put a sticker on the module so you know what units have been configured Now you will need to configure your PDA to use the Bluetooth modules S
35. 5 21 2010 05 21 19 2010 05 21 2010 05 21 2010 05 21 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 05 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 2010 05 22 4 wakeup from RTC 502 powered by External Power Supply 12 84 Temperature 15 13 deg 3 deg C Initialising usB CDC Class Initialising Low Level Disk I O Layer Drive Mounted Checking for DATA DAT File Data dat file found gt Reading Header Information Complete gt Scanning for First Unused Data Sector Data dat says file size is 244694 kB and data starts on CF at sector 0x2034 First empty sector found at address 0 200 dat Monitor begin time 19 30 00 Monitor end time 5 00 00 During monitor time RECORD MODE Monitor alarm interrupt Time to end recording session Record Report gt External Power Supp Ly 11 88v gt Recording session began at 19 30 02 gt Recording session ended at 5 00 00 You recorded 4295 kB 8590 sectors during this session Total size of data in data dat 4295 8591 sectors Total space left 240398 STAMDBY MODE Detected query 502 serial number query 502 RTC Time query string returned is TOED111000500 GML query SD2 battery voltage query SD2 sensitivity value query SD2 data division ratio set SD2 sensitivity value changed sensitivity setting from 10 255
36. 8 65 Connecting the LM 048 Bluetooth Module 1 Serial port cable 2 RX TX switch 3 USB mini cable Your PC will communicate with the LM 048 module via the serial port cable while the USB cable only powers the LM 048 This is only necessary while you set up the LM 048 module using your PC as the serial port on PCs does not have the ability to supply power like the 502 If the PC or laptop does not have a serial port then you can use an USB to serial port adapter cable Set the RX TX switch to RX red power light should be lit and the blue light should flash See previous diagram for the location of the switch Download and install the LM149 Configuration Software from http www lm technologies com business download php Note that the software is sometimes called LM149 Utility Software and sometimes LM149 Configuration Software on the webpage but so long as it says LM149 in its name it is the right software Run the LM149 Software select the COM port you are using on your PC and then Click on Get Device Info sentence UART initialised successfully will appear in the text box at the bottom of the window A few seconds later Local Device initialised successfully will appear underneath Make sure the text above the Get Device Info button says F M VERSION v4 52 or later 66 Lt 4149 Configuration Tool Local Device Settings Baud Rake Parity VERSION v4 52 COMI w 115
37. 99999 YYYY 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 30 2010 08 31 88288583885 8888888888 8838883388 wakeup from RTC 502 powered by External Power Supply 12 92v Temperature is 21 deg C 3 deg C Initialising USB CDC Class Initialising Low Level Disk I O Layer CF Drive Mounted Checking for DATA DAT File Data dat file found Reading Header Information Data dat is ok gt Scanning for First unused Data Sector says file size is 1952140 kB and data starts on CF at sector 0 1 37 First empty sector found at address 0 200 in Monitor begin time 20 00 00 Monitor end time 6 00 00 During monitor time SD2 sensitivity set by knob to 2 22 8 255 RECORD MODE Monitor alarm interrupt Time to end recording session Record Report External Power neg dt 12 90v Recording session began at 20 00 01 Recording session ended at 6 00 00 You recorded 25410 50820 sectors this session gt Total size of data in data dat 25410 kB 50821 sectors Total space left 1926729 kB 3853459 sectors PASSIVE MONITORING WITH A GPS An external Global Positioning System GPS can be connected to the bat detector so that GPS fixes can be saved onto the CF card Suitable GPS units to use are those which can send standard NMEA sentences at 4800 baud Only
38. AnaBat SD2 Compact Flash Bat Detector User Manual Titley Scientific Manual Version 1 8 Titley Scientific PO Box 133 Lawnton QLD 4501 Australia Sales email Support email TITLEY CONTACT DETAILS Head Office Unit 1 amp 2 12 Paisley Drive Lawnton QLD 4501 Australia Phone 61 1017 39991 5577 Fax tol 107 32052275 Email info titley scientific com UK Office Llanmaes Estate Office St Fagans Cardiff CF5 6DU Wales United Kingdom Phone 44 0 2920 022 099 44 0 2920 022 090 Email Uk titley scientific com info titley scientific com AnabatSupport titley scientific com US Office 601 Business Loop 70 Suite 110 Columbia Missouri 65203 U S A Phone 573 442 8745 Fax 1573 442 8715 Email usa titley scientific com AUTHORS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This manual was written by Clare Hourigan and Chris Corben We greatly appreciate the time comments and assistance given by those people who were beta testers for the SD2 and this manual The testing and troubleshooting have improved the new detector and increased the clarity of the manual DOCUMENT HISTORY Manual Release Firmware CFCread Major Additions or Changes Version Date Version Version 12 01 2010 V4040g l 16 03 2010 V4050G USB connector for PDA EX L7 V40500 USB Driver MS Windows XP a for SD2 amp PDA 1 27 05 2010 USB Driver Windows7 CF
39. AnaBat does not require exceptional hearing or tuning to hear particular frequencies and hence species and there is no lag between call detection and audio or visual display The AnaBat also uses little power and has highly efficient data storage capabilities which allows the system to be used for long term Passive Monitoring Frequency Division and ZCA techniques have been criticized in the past for their relatively lower sensitivity and incomplete representation of bat calls no display of harmonics and amplitude reality all bat detectors have limitations and are a trade off between desirable qualities technological limitations and cost The AnaBat has been proven sufficiently sensitive for the purposes for which it is used observation survey identification of free flying bats etc In fact ZCA is ideal for species identification because the most important differences between species lie in the way frequency varies in fime The accompanying software AnalookW also allows rapid and sophisticated analysis of the bat call data HF output on the SD2 also provides a buffered version of the original bat call prior to Frequency Division This allows full spectrum signals to be passed through an external high speed A D card and saved to a separate storage device such as a laptop Q How far away can a bat be detected using the AnaBat A Detection distances will vary with frequency and loudness amplitude of the bat calls atmosphe
40. BLUETOOTH MODULES WITH THE SD2 AND PDA Bluetooth modules replace the need for cables connect the SD2 and PDA when active monitoring Bluetooth modules which have serial adapters such as the LM Technologies LM 048 and Roving Networks RN 240F Firefly are suitable for use with the AnaBat SD2 and connect via the SERIAL port Bluetooth modules must be in Data Communications Equipment DCE mode to work Note you cannot have both a Bluetooth GPS and Bluetooth SD2 connected to a PDA at the same time The LM 048 and RN240F Bluetooth modules are suitable for the SD2 as they draw power through the detector s SERIAL port Internal power from the AA batteries goes out on pin The COMPUTER port on the 501 does not have the ability to supply power However the RN 270F Firefly Bluetooth module draws power from 2 AAA batteries inserted into a battery compartment and is therefore suitable for the SDI These steps will configure the Bluetooth modules for use with the SD2 LM Technologies LM 048 Bluetooth Module SD2 compatible only 1 Connect the LM 048 Bluetooth module to your PC using BOTH a standard straight through serial port cable and USB mini B cable See the photo below Do not use the null modem serial cable that came with your SD2 to connect your PC to the LM 048 because the wires inside are crossed over fo let a PC and SD2 talk You must get a straight through serial cable with a 9 pin male plug on it to connect to the LM 04
41. DATA DAT possible is 4GB This is limitation of the FAT file system which has a maximum file size of 4GB If the CF card is larger than 4GB the additional space won t be used to store bat data when monitoring However if free space is available the SD2 will write diagnostic log file information to a directory called log on the CF card which you can check if a problem arises with the detector CF cards initialised with CFCread prior to version 4 3j won t have this free space However if these cards gt 64MB are re initialised with later versions of CFCread 1 MB will be left free for diagnostic log files to be recorded HOW TO INITIALISE CF CARDS The CF card only needs to be initialised once using CFCread and must be done before it can be used in the bat detector for the first time default data file called DATA DAT will be created on the CF Card onto which the SD2 can store the bat call data 26 1 Insert a formatted CF card into CF card reader writer 2 Open the CFCread program 3 Click on Choose Input File Select the CF card drive Removable Disk A DATA DAT file will appear by default in the File name Do not change this file name Click Open CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair FADATA DAT Timezone Check card Quit 4 x Start delayed till 01 Jan 2000 06 00 Activate a ck E2 Monitorning Begins and Ends at n Name Date modified Type
42. Div LEDs indicate progress e ADIV 32 O A DIV 16 Power supply O D DIV 18 o D DIV8 D DIv 4 A DIV 32 A DIV 16 O A DIV 8 D DIV 16 o D DIv 8 o D DIv 4 firmware hax found A DIV 32 A DIV 16 A DIv 8 D DIV 18 D DIV 8 D DIV 4 Yes firmware hax valid A DIV 32 A DIV 16 A DIv 8 D DIV 16 D DIV 8 D DIV 4 Erase existing Firmware Play negative Tone A DIV 32 Load new e ADV 16 Firmware e A DIV 8 D DIV 18 e 8 O D DIV 4 32 Yes A DIV 16 A DIV 8 D Div 16 e 8 e 4 Firmware programmed amp verified Has the existing Firmware been erased yet No Play success Tone All LEDs flashing CF Card removed then re inserted Y Exit Bootloader Resume normal Boot process Flow diagram indicating each step in the firmware upgrades process 24 OVERVIEW OPERATING MODES he current mode of operation is always displayed by the LEDs on the front panel of the bat detector The table below provides a quick guide to the operating modes indicated by the LEDs A SUMMARY OF OPERATING MODES INDICATED BY LEDS Comma tae RECORD Lit Of Of NR o or or or MON m m STATUS Of Of ERROR Off lit Of Of Of Of Of _
43. GPS for SD2 amp PDA 28 06 2010 V4051g USB Driver for PDA Revised active monitoring Restructure of Manual Diff between SD1 amp SD2 Firmware upgrade changes 08 10 2010 40550 i More CFCread screen shots Monitoring from a vehicle Example log files HF Output Digital I O New USA Office and some 01 02 2011 V4055g minor rewording based on user feedback Updated firmware to improve CF card compatibility Update USA Office details ese V4056g 15 05 2012 V406lg 5 6 WHAT S NEW IN THE ANABAT SD2 MODEL 6 DOWNLOADING THE CONTENTS OF THE CD USB DRPVEIS INSIALEATON FOR THE e A VE 8 SUPR doc 13 FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND 13 SIDE PANEL CONNEC TORS 15 IT 15 MICROPHONE decenas ede Strade teure 1 SDZ POWER ius 18 Ns ad 18 EXTERNAL IZ VOLT BAIER mo macte 18 SDZSBRUAL PORTSr ECIFICATIONS a bureau 19
44. I GPS Titley has tested with the SD2 Using a GPS when active monitoring with a PDA also provides you with an accurate time reference a map to help you navigate and map your route The GPS data can also be used to map locations bats were recorded Installing and testing the GlobalSat BC 337 CF GPS on the PDA first time use 1 Install the programs amp manuals supplied with the BC 337 CF GPS on the PC If they didn t come on an installation CD in the box with the GPS then download the BC 337 User Manual and GPSInfo program for WMS the MS Windows Mobile5 version used to test the functioning of the GPS from the GlobalSat website You will need to extract the files programs as this is a zipped folder before they can be installed Please note that the GPSInfo testing program is a compressed RAR folder within the extracted documents which you may also have to extract separately 2 Follow the instructions outlined in the GPS Information User Manual to install GPSInfo on the PDA and test the BC 337 GPS receiver When testing the GPS receiver you will need to go outside to receive satellite signals If the CF GPS works correctly with your PDA you will be able to use it in the field while Active Monitoring 3 Take note of what com port GPSInfo connects to you will need to select the same com port in AnaPocket when connecting the GPS FAQ for the BC 337 CF GPS install and use can be found htto www usalobalsat com stacts b
45. IC LOG FILES in this manual for more information To check the most recent log file 1 Insert the CF card into the CF card reader writer 2 Select the CF card drive Removable Disk Use a file management utility such as My Documents on your PC Along with the DATA DAT and Firmware hax files will be a folder named log 3 Open the log directory to see a list of log files generated by the SD2 4 Open syslog txt to find out which log file is the latest Syslog txt will tell you the name of the NEXT log file it plans to make So if syslog txt says log logO04 txt then logO03 txt is the latest log file 5 Open the latest log file and read through its contents The detector stopped recording during a sampling session There are several possible reasons why this may have happened You should be able to figure out what went wrong by checking the appropriate log file The most common reasons include Incorrect operating mode or detector switched off You may have inadvertently entered the incorrect operating mode or switched off the detector when setting it up in the field If you switched into another mode to adjust the settings on the bat detector you may not have re entered the correct operating mode afterward For example if the detector is not put back into Sleep or Standby mode after pressing the RECORD STANDBY button to adjust the sensitivity etc it will not operate as programmed The RECORD STANDBY button may need to b
46. IVE MONITORING WITH SET TIME PARAMETERS 1 Provide power to the detector Via 4x AA batteries or external 12V battery 2 Insert an initialised CF card with the time parameters set 35 see HOW TO SET TIME PARAMETERS ON THE CF CARD above 3 Press the POWER button If the detector is outside its programmed recording period the STANDBY LED will only be lit for approximately 10 seconds or 2 minutes if you re using GML1 firmware See below After this time the bat detector will enter Standby mode and all functions will be disabled This 10 second delay allows you to change modes to carry out other functions If you miss the 10 second window press the POWER button fo turn the detector on again 4 Press the RECORD STANDBY button once This will put the detector into Forced Record mode In this mode you can select or check the detector s settings without it going to sleep 5 Select your data division ratio and adjust the sensitivity 6 Press the RECORD STANDBY button twice This will put the detector back into Standby or Sleep mode unless the Start delayed fill and or Monitoring begins at and Monitoring ends at times have lapsed in which case the detector will begin recording If using Start delayed fill make sure the RECORD and STANDBY LEDs are lit If only using Monitoring begins at and Monitoring ends at times ensure only the STANDBY LED
47. MI from sources such as transmission towers Decrease the sensitivity to reduce or silence the undesired signals Facing the detector away from the source of the signals can also help However if you have to turn the sensitivity of the detector down so low as to severely impede the detection of bat calls it may be better to move to another location where interference is minimal Be aware that other equipment such as laptops and data loggers can also produce some EMI so make sure the detector is positioned or faced away from other equipment Older microphones are also more prone to EMI than newer ones so it may be worth upgrading to a new microphone Continuous interference when the microphone is separated from detector via an extension cable Extension cables increase vulnerability to extraneous noise The amount will depend on cable length age condition and quality If the level of noise is excessive check the cable is of good quality and in good condition You could also try using a shorter length of cable It is also important to ensure that you are detecting bat calls as you may be getting nothing but noise The bat detector is on but the LEDs are not lit You may have accidentally turned the LEDs on the bat detector off Simply Press the LEDS ON OFF button to reactivate them Alternatively time parameters may be set on the CF card you are using and the detector may be in Sleep or Standby mode In this mode the detector
48. MIC button is pressed 1 3 SPEAKER 9 5 g 4 7 2 3 6 12 13 p SD2 Front panel controls and indicators SIDE PANEL CONNECTORS 1 HEADPHONES Insert headphone jack to listen to bat calls using headphones rather than the loudspeaker 2 COMPUTER SERIAL PORT This port is used to connect the bat detector to a PC or PDA when required using the cable supplied by Titley 3 USB This port is also used to connect the bat detector to a PC or PDA It can t be used as a host for external hard drives or USB thumb drives 4 HF OUTPUT This port is used to connect the detector to an external high speed A D card and separate storage device such as a laptop to process and save full spectrum signals see HF OUTPUT section below 5 12 VOLTS This connector can be used to connect an external 12 VDC power supply or battery to power the SD2 6 DIGITAL I O Digital I O port is used to connect external equipment such as a weather station to the SD2 and is configured to switch the SD2 on or off remotely It can be used to sense when the SD2 is on recording REAR PANEL COMPACT FLASH CARD ACCESS Panel Turn screws anticlockwise to remove the rear access panel the screws remain captive in the panel to prevent them being lost Insert an initialised CF card into the card socket The CF card can t be inserted upside down and the side of the card with all the holes in it must be inserted into the bat detector first Push th
49. N CAL option is checked under Opts gt Record AnaPocket and make sure AnaPocket is in Record mode Lighting and bat activity You will require some form of light whilst walking around in the dark particularly on uneven ground However very bright light can deter bat activity If you are using a spotlight don t keep the light on continuously It may also be worth turning the brightness down on your headlamp or torch and keeping the light pointed towards the ground during the sampling session If ambient light from moonlight or streetlights is sufficient you may only need to use your headlamp or torch intermittently The controls on the front panel of the bat detector will glow in the dark so they are easy to see and use DOWNLOADING DATA HOW TO DOWNLOAD DATA FROM THE CF CARD 1 Make sure the SD2 is off before removing the CF Card 2 Insert the CF card into the CF card reader writer 3 Open the CFCread program 4 Click on Choose Input File Select the appropriate drive and DATA DAT file click Open This will usually be the data file on the CF card but it is also possible to download a raw data file previously stored on your PC CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair FADATA DAT Cerent D 2 lt Timezone Check card Quit Start delayed 01 Jan 2000 06 00 Activate amp j e Monitoring Begins and Ends at Date modified Type
50. NAL DOWNLOAD OPTIONS FOR CF CARDS rrr 8 AUTOSSA VET AS AIMEVEN 81 LCA IE Di P 82 REPAIR OPTIONS FOR CORRUPT DATA DAT FIDES ua seins ey VR Ea oed o 82 HOW DOWNLOAD DATA FROM THE PDA 11 4 4 44 83 UNDERSTANDING ANABAT FILE 5 1 1 11 rennen nnn 84 FILE MANAGEMENT AND ARCHIVING m dieti sede 84 Fe S LE 85 HOW TO CHECK AND SET THE REAL TIME CLOCK IN THE 5 02 85 SD2 SERIAL NUMBERS AND 89 CHECK THE SERIAL NUMBER AND FIRMWARE 44 89 HOW FIRMWARE T T 92 OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES sssssssssssssssesscssssieessssssusecsesssseeseeess 95 A SUMMARY OF OPERATING MODES INDICATED BY 05 95 C a 95 Sx IDE SEIEN 95 FOR GED 96 RECORD MODE as 96 E 97 kHz Gare RE RUNE NEUE 97 SANDBY MODE Set eae 98
51. RUPT DATA DAT FILES for further details CF CARD ERRORS Errors with the CF card are indicated by the LEDs on the front panel of the bat detector and always involve the ERROR LED These error reporting modes are not available in earlier AnaBat models i e 501 Compare the LEDs lit or flashing on your bat detector with those in the table below CF Card Errors No CF Card Corrupt CF Card Installed DATA DAT B EEE S TA RECORD Off STANDBY 9O or E STATUS it Of li Flashing ERROR lit Flashing Flashing Flashing DATA ot Of j 29 NO CF CARD INSTALLED STATUS and ERROR LEDs lit This means the CF storage system is unavailable Either no CF card has been inserted is not inserted correctly or the CF card has not been initialised for use in the bat detector This is not necessarily a problem as the CF storage system is not needed in some situations When Active Monitoring with a PDA for example bat calls are saved to the PDA or computer rather than CF card or when you don t wish to save any data If this is a problem open the rear access panel on the bat detector and insert an initialised CF card into the card socket and or ensure the card is seated properly Replace the access panel so the soft bulge fits over the eject button on the card socket to prevent the CF card being ejected when the screws are tightened Always ensure the rear access panel is replaced
52. SP YourNewPasskey Where YourNewPasskey is the phrase you wish to use AOK should appear on the screen he passkey can be any combination of letters and numbers up to 20 characters long The default passkey is 1234 When the PDA connects to the Bluetooth module it will ask for your passkey 69 12 To display and check the settings on the Firefly module correct type D For example Item Setting Bluetooth address 000666010788 Bluetooth name BIName SD2 F82D Baud rate Bauar t 115K Parity Parity None Mode Mode Slav Authentication set Authen 0 Encryption set Encryp 0 Pin code PinCod 1234 Connected to another Bluetooth device Bonded 0 Remote adaress of connected Bluetooth device Rem NONE SET 13 If you wish to reset the Bluetooth module to the default settings type SF 1 If you have existing Firefly modules you wish to use with the SD2 that are set Up Incorrectly you can reset the manufacturer s default settings and start at step 3 14 The Roving Networks RN 240F RN 270F Firefly Bluetooth Module is now configured for use with your SD2 or SD1 If you are satisfied with the settings you may close the program and disconnect the Firefly module Now you will need to configure your PDA to use the Bluetooth modules See below Website and manual link for the RN 240F RN 270F Firefly http www rovingnetworks comf firefly php 70 These steps will configure the PDA for use with the LM T
53. Universal Serial Bus controllers install the to 502 USB driver on computers running Windows7 1 Turn on the SD2 and connect it to your PC via the USB port If the Install hardware wizard does not automatically appear then you will need to locate the device via Device Manager Click Start menu gt Control Panel gt Hardware and Sound then click on the Device Manager link under the Devices and Printers heading Right click on the AnaBat SD2 device and select Update Driver In the Update Diver Software window select Browse my computer for driver software How do you want to search for driver software gt Search automatically for updated driver software Windows will search your computer and the Internet for the latest driver software for your device unless you ve disabled this feature in your device installation settings i 9 Browse my computer for driver software Locate and install driver software manually 2 Insert the AnaBat SD2 CD into your CDROM drive Click Browse and select the USB Driver folder on the CD where the USB Drive is located Click Next Browse for driver software on your computer Search for driver software in this location E USB Driver Include subfolders gt Let me pick from a list of device drivers on my computer This list will show installed driver software compatible with the device and all driver software in the same category as the device
54. aPocket on the PDA FORCED COMMAND MODE STATUS LED lit Forced Command mode occurs when CF card is installed and the RECORD STANDBY button is pressed after turning on the detector In Forced Command mode commands can be sent to the bat detector via the CFCread program to check or change detector settings Switching to Forced Command mode from Sleep or Standby modes allows the settings or sensitivity to be adjusted on the bat detector which is particularly useful as the detector is only active for 10 seconds before all functions are disabled During Forced Command mode detected bat calls will be audible through the loudspeaker but will not be saved to the CF card However log files will still be written to the CF card Press the RECORD STANDBY button to switch between modes You may need to press the button several times to reach the mode you require detector will cycle through modes in the order below No time parameters have been set Forced Forced Forced Command Record Command Time parameters set outside the record period Forced Sleep or Forced Forced Command Standby Record Command RECORD MODE RECORD LED Lit In Record mode the DATA LED will flash whenever calls are detected Record mode occurs in two different situations 1 When Active Monitoring and the detector is connected to a PDA or computer running AnaPocket or AnalookW in record or monitor modes no CF ca
55. al ONIN M recip 99 jo E 104 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF USEFUL PAPERS essere 107 INTRODUCTION Al bats belonging to the suborder Microchiroptera micro bats use echolocation to navigate and forage in conjunction with their eyesight Due to differing ecological requirements among species echolocation calls are offen species specific and also differ in relation to the bats activities such as commuting from A to B feeding or drinking Bat detectors detect the echolocation calls emitted by bats and make them audible and visible revealing the presence and activity of bats at a given location This gives us the opportunity to observe identify and study bats without catching them he AnaBat SD2 is equipped with a broad spectrum microphone and uses Frequency Division to make bat calls audible and Zero Crossings Analysis to make them visible as sonograms time by frequency graphs These techniques in conjunction with a PDA mounted on the detector make it possible to hear and see bat calls in real time in the field as they are detected In addition the entire unit can be held comfortably in one hand This manual contains the operating instructions for the AnaBat SD2 Model including advice for successful recording of bat calls Furthermore this manual includes testing and troubleshooting procedures WHAT S NEW IN THE ANABAT SD2 MODEL SD2 has several new features and differences compared with
56. alibration tone is also produced whenever the SAVE button is pressed AnaPocket x x 10 23 X ne AnaPocket x 10 23 X ne AnaPocket ex x 10 07 lok Res DPP Oi i 22 604 AutoSave LineLength Max TBC Slack Frea Choose port File Time Opts Rec GPS Tools File Time Opts Rec GPS Tools 11 The SD2 will now be in Record mode with only the RECORD LED lit Not to be confused with record and monitor modes of AnaPocketl Use Chirper or rub your fingers in front of the microphone and you should see the noise appear on the AnaPocket screen The DATA LED on the 502 will flash when ultrasonic signals are detected ACTIVE MONITORING WITH A GPS A GPS can be used with the bat detector when Active Monitoring in Two different ways depending on whether you re using a PDA or not If you are Active Monitoring without a PDA an external GPS unit can be connected to the bat detector s SERIAL port GPS fixes are saved onto the CF card along with your recorded bat calls see the PASSIVE MONITORING WITH GPS section above for details on recording GPS data onto the CF If you are Active Monitoring with a PDA your GPS unit must connect to the PDA instead of the SD2 GPS fixes are stored on the PDA and are embedded in each AnaBat file saved during the sampling session A Compact Flash GPS CF GPS inserted into the CF slot of the PDA is recommended The GlobalSat BC 337 CF GPS is a SIRF II
57. an image into GPS Utility on which to map the Bats ixt file click File Load Bitmap Change Files of type to display All files and browse to the folder with the image you want to use Select the file and click open The image will be displayed with gridlines and the Bats txt file map Track with bat positions overlaid You will need to calibrate the image to the Bats txt file map so they line up You can use images or maps you have scanned in yourself or obtained from other sources such as Google Earth 13 To calibrate the Bats txt file map to the image The message Enter Calibration Point 1 will appear at the top of the screen Click the location on the image which corresponds to your first calibration point A In the Data Dialogue window the nearest waypoint to your location is offered for confirmation If the waypoint offered is correct calibration point A click OK if not use the Browse button to select the correct point first Repeat for the remaining calibration points The Bats txt map and image should now be calibrated and aligned To modify the location of a calibration waypoint 63 For large movements use the Hand icon and the right mouse button to drag the calibration point to a new position For small movements hold down the Shift key click on the point with the left mouse button and nudge the point using the rocker switch To remove the image and calibration information to start over Click th
58. and check the voltage is about 12V SD2 SERIAL PORT SPECIFICATIONS The 9 pin computer serial port male D9 on the side of the SD2 is used to connect it to a PC or PDA when required Refer to the diagram below of the SD2 s serial port and a table describing pin functions 1 o oou OOOO 8 502 Serial port connection Pin functions on the serial port cable SD2 serial port pin PC or PDA serial port pin Pin Function Pin Function 2 RX 3 TX 3 TX 2 RX 5 GND 5 GND Power Out 9 No Power Out RX Receives data TX Transmits data GND Ground A 00 polyswitch fuse to the battery exists on this pin The SD2 is Data Terminal Equipment DTE hence a computer allowing the SD2 to transmit data via TX pin to a PC or PDA s RX pin Power from the SD2 s AA batteries goes out on pin 9 and can be used to run Bluetooth modules see USING BLUETOOTH MODULES WITH THE SD2 AND PDA for further information When connected to a PDA the 502 communicates at 115 200 baud with 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity For handshaking select none 19 HF OUTPUT HF output provides a buffered version of the original bat call prior to Frequency Division allowing you to process and save full spectrum signals These signals may be up to 200 kHz To process the HF output requires an external high speed soundcard To reproduce the full range of the signal sampling rate should be at least 400 kHz nearly 10x higher than a standard soundcar
59. as it prevents dirt and moisture entering the card socket and damaging the CF card and electronics inside the bat detector CORRUPT DATA DAT FILE Only ERROR LED flashing This will happen if the DATA DAT file is corrupt or damaged CFCread may still be able to download the data from this file if necessary See the section on REPAIR OPTIONS FOR CORRUPT DATA DAT FILES for potential fixes Alternatively if there is no data on the card try formatting the CF card in MS Windows then re initialising the CF card using CFCread INCOMPATIBLE CF CARD RECORD STANDBY and STATUS LEDs lit with ERROR LED flashing The CF card installed is incompatible with the bat detector Try a different brand model and or capacity CF card Ensure that the CF card has been correctly formatted 16 FAT32 not NTFS and initialised for use in the bat detector using the CFCread program Check the firmware version in the SD2 if it is 40510 or earlier use another CF card which is compatible to upgrade the detector to version 40619 or later Firmware version 4061g works with more compact flash cards than earlier 4051g If the problem persists after upgrading the firmware eject the CF card without switching the SD2 off and insert another CF card which is compatible The SD2 will write a log file onto the next CF card it can boot as long as you haven t switched it off in the meantime Please email the log file along with de
60. axTBC then a file will always be saved 81 1 FILES ZCA files contain a whole night of data in one file which can be viewed in AnalookW In AnalookW you can use the cursor to select parts of the ZCA file to view in more detail and can scan the files using filters it is not possible to record any information in the text header ZCA files can be generated when downloading data from the CF card using CFCread There are 3 ZCA file types options Raw 5m Synch and 40T10k Raw In this ZCA file type the time data is left as it is This is the recommended ZCA file option for SD2 data because it only has one CPU and thus one clock Don t use this option for SD1 data The SD1 has multiple CPUs and clocks which need to be synchronised in order to post process the drift between them otherwise the time intervals in the may not add up correctly reflect the Real Time Clock RTC and hence the AnaBat sequence file times will not match up to the RTC 5m synch This is the recommended ZCA file option for SD1 data The 501 has multiple CPUs with different clocks which need to be synchronised in order to post process the drift between CPUs In 5m synch the data is synchronised with the Real Time Clock every 5 minutes and all the time intervals will add up to reflect the RTC correctly Hence the time intervals in the ZCA file will match up with AnaBat sequence file times The SD2 doesn t generate 5m synch information and this option shoul
61. ble in which to save data was No alarms set simply means no time parameters were set on the CF card The log file then indicates that the detector cleared Boot mode and entered Forced Record mode After the POWER button was pressed ending the recording session a Record Report indicates the time the recording session began and ended and the amount of data recorded in KB The detector then turned off Off mode PASSIVE MONITORING USING THE 502 The bat detector can be set up to automatically monitor and record bat calls in the field without the continued presence of an observer This is called Passive Monitoring If can be used to survey multiple sites simultaneously all night every night for weeks months or years with only minimal attention by the observer to maintain adequate power download data and check the general condition of the equipment Passive Monitoring is an effective and 32 COSI efficient way of sampling the bat fauna and level of sampling effort which can be achieved using Passive Monitoring is vastly greater than that for Active Monitoring e g proportional to time spent x number of units In its simplest form Passive Monitoring can be carried out using the Basic Operation procedure This is fine if the detector is retrieved from the field after each night of sampling but is inefficient for more long term monitoring Instead it is advisable to program the bat detector using CFCread
62. c337 s facts html If you would like a more advanced program for checking and setting up GPS settings and evaluating changes try the SirfTech program instead Available at http w5 nuinternet com s660100031 SirfTech htm To set up a BC 337 CF GPS for Active Monitoring with a PDA In the field 1 Setup your SD2 and PDA for Active Monitoring by following the instructions in the Active monitoring with the IPAQ 212 PDA section of this manual 2 Insert The CF GPS into the CF card slot in the PDA 3 Check the GPS settings in AnaPocket are correct GPSSettings from the AnaPocket menu 54 Set baud rate to 4800 check that the time zone is set correctly and choose the GPS port this will be the same com port revealed in the GPSInfo test f AnaPocket 5 3 50 X j AnaPocket Ck CELJEM Baud Rate Port Timezone e h m Connect Settings File Connect Settings New File File Time Opts Rec GPS Tools File Time Opts Rec GPS Tools AnaPocket will now connect to the GPS If not try to connect again Providing the right port has been chosen the red LED on the GPS should change from a steady glow no GPS fixes to flashing receiving GPS fixes as soon as you tap connect One of the following characters will appear on the status bar at the top of the GPS Map screen and fo the left of the time reading on the Time Frequency screen Character Meaning
63. d and have at least 12 bits resolution to provide sufficient dynamic range However cards with lower sampling rates can still be useful Many audio recorders now include 96 kHz sampling which can faithfully reproduce bat calls up to 48 kHz though higher frequency components if recorded will be aliased down to lower frequencies Still these can be useful for some limited purposes HF output connector produces an analog output voltage and requires 3 5 mm audio plug Tip Ring Sleeve TRS Connector A Stereo TRS connector is shown in Figure 1 but a mono plug can also be used In either event the Tip is connected to the HF output signal and the Sleeve is connected to the signal ground If stereo TRS Connector is used then the Ring is not connected imum MEN Tp Rig Seeve Figure 1 HF Output Tip Ring Sleeve TRS Connector HF output signals also require their own separate storage device such as a laptop to save the full spectrum signals The HF output port is the amplified output from the microphone before it has gone through the frequency division and zero crossing process In contrast the headphone socket is the audible sound of the frequency divided signal and will be the same as that which comes out of the loudspeaker It is not suitable for full spectrum analysis such as FFT because the frequency spectrum is filtered by this process and no amplitude information is kept from the original signal DIGITAL I O
64. d before they were initialised with CFCread or were used to store other data which was erased so the card could be initialised for use in the SD2 When the data is erased some fragmented data can be left behind which will interfere with the order of bat data saved in the DATA DAT file File fixer scans the disk for sections of data and puts them back into the correct order Disk Fixer When parts of a DATA DAT file go missing or you accidently deleted the DATA DAT file from your CF card using MS Windows Disk Fixer may be able to retrieve the DATA DAT file for you Bad Resynch Times When the time intervals in the data are not synchronised with the Real Time Clock RTC correctly you may use Bad Resynch Times to fix it This is not necessary with the SD2 because It only has one CPU and therefore one clock RTC However the SDI has multiple CPUs with different clocks which need to be synchronised in order to post process the driff between CPUs If the data did not synchronise properly you could try using this repair option HOW TO DOWNLOAD DATA FROM THE PDA Bat calls saved to a PDA or external computer are saved as AnaBat sequence files and thus do not need to be downloaded using CFCread You can connect your PDA to your PC and transfer the files directly via Activesync XP or MS Windows Mobile Device Centre Vista or Windows7 Alternatively you can insert a CF or SD card into the PDA copy the files to the card then transfer th
65. d Ends at Initialise CF Activate Monitoring begins at 19 00 00 Monitoring ends at 06 00 00 Erase M Time 3 Open Get ID Set cose X Version Check d Status ZCAIM Time Set OK 9 Disconnect the bat detector from your PC 88 SD2 SERIAL NUMBERS AND FIRMWARE Firmware is the internal program which makes the SD2 work There are two types Firmware ending in g is for general use while firmware ending in w is used to run SD2s with GMLI remote download systems Each SD2 unit also has a unique serial number The firmware version and serial number of the SD2 is saved in the log file written on the CF card by that unit The serial number is also written in the text header of each AnoBat file saved by that unit CHECK THE SERIAL NUMBER AND FIRMWARE VERSION 1 Remove CF card and connect the SD2 to your PC Via the COMPUTER SERIAL PORT or USB PORT on the side of the SD2 2 Press POWER button on the detector Ensure the STATUS and ERROR LEDs are lit Command mode 3 Run fhe CFCread program 4 In the Port section select the serial port to which you are connected Click Open Com 1 on your computer is port 1 in CFCread etc To find out which COM port is associated with your SD2 when connected via the USB port see step in the oS 89 8 USB DRIVER INSTALLATION FOR THE SD2 section N CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair FADATA DAT Choose Input File Downl
66. d only be used on a SD1 However if you can t remember if a SD1 or SD2 generated the data make sure you have CFCread version 4 3r or later and select 5m synch as the default But Note If you re using an earlier version of CFCread selecting 5m synch on SD2 data can cause the computer to crash Upgrade CFCread to version 4 3r or later before downloading the data 40 his is a specific type of ZCA file that only Chris Corben currently has access to If you choose this option in the download options window of CFCread no ZCA files will be downloaded by the program In 40T10k ZCA files the data is synchronised with the RTC once every minute This allows Chris to plot the positions of bats in relation to detectors when data from multiple detectors is overlayed onto the one ZCA file REPAIR OPTIONS FOR CORRUPT DATA DAT FILES A number of other options are available in CFCread under Repair the menu bar which may help you fix corrupt DATA DAT files 82 orage ZCAIM Interface ile Fixer Disk Fixer Bad Resynch Times Choose Input File TimeZone Check card Quit Start delayed till 01 Jan 2000 06 00 Activate Monitoring Begins and Ends at Initialise CF Activate Monitoring begins at 18 00 00 Monitoring ends at 06 00 00 Erase Port Time 3 Get ID Set Close Version Check Status Waiting File Fixer Corrupt DATA DAT files can occur on CF cards which weren t formatte
67. d to record comments onto the CF card These audio recordings are saved Wav format are downloaded using CFCread and can be replayed using MS Windows compatible sound programs For details on how to use this feature see USING MIC TO RECORD VERBAL OBSERVATIONS in the ACTIVE MONITORING USING THE SD2 section below 44 ACTIVE MONITORING USING THE SD2 bat detector can also be used to actively seek watch survey and even identify free flying bats in the field This requires the continued presence of an observer and is called Active Monitoring In its simplest form Active Monitoring can be carried out using just a detector in Basic Operation while walking transects and so on Even in this basic form Active Monitoring will result in higher quality recordings of bat calls than Passive Monitoring as you can control the orientation of The detector and will tend to turn it towards the bat However Active Monitoring is more effective using detector PDA setup This allows bat calls to be viewed in real time the moment they are detected which in conjunction with visual observations using a spotlight helps establish relationships between call shapes and bat behaviour and enables those with experience to identify many species in the field Even without a PDA visual observations will give you information about the bat s flight behaviour flight position in relation to the immediate landscape and
68. detector units before they are stored Battery Current Consumption of the SD2 and 501 mA Internal Battery External Battery 6 Volt Alkaline 4 8 Volt NIMH 12 Volt Recording Asleep Recording Asleep Recording Asleep SD2 59 0 55 6 0 82 29 0 3 SD1 36 0 17 47 0 21 24 0 22 INTERNAL AA BATTERIES The AA batteries that are used in the AnaBat SD2 Bat Detector can be alkaline 1 5V rechargeable 1 2 or lithium 1 5V Make sure all 4 batteries are of the same type Remove the panel underneath the unit to insert The batteries into the compartment Battery life will depend on the condition and type of batteries being used as wel as ambient temperature and the length of your recording session Alkaline AA batteries may last 2 days However in practice it would be safer to use the batteries for one full night only before recharging replacing them to avoid the loss of sampling time should the batteries run out before you expect Internal batteries SD2 low battery warning at 4 3V shut down at 3 9 V EXTERNAL 12 VOLT BATTERY The 12 VOLTS plug on the side of the bat detector is used to connect the external battery It can accept voltages between 10 7V and 14V the normal operating voltage for a lead acid battery It is best to assume the battery will last only one day per Amp Hour of capacity before it requires recharging If the external 12 volt battery drops to 10 7 volts then the SD2 will stop the current recording session and shut down
69. e 99 presed more than once in order to reach the required mode see OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES for more details To avoid this problem in the future check the operating status of your bat detector in the field to ensure it is in the correct mode and ensure you understand what modes the detector will cycle through each time the RECORD STANDBY button is pressed Do not check the operating status of the bat detector by pressing the POWER button as this may end your recording session see section in PASSIVE MONITORING USING THE 502 on DELAYED START MONITORING BEGINS END Y Flat battery When battery voltage is low the LOW BATTERY LED will come on and the warning will be written into your log file When it gets too low that it might damage your rechargeable batteries the LOW BATTERY LED will flash a few times before the detector writes a low battery shutdown warning in your log file and switches itself off See the section on SD2 POWER REQUIREMENTS for more details Below is an example log file from a sampling session which ended prematurely time is in the left hand column because the battery went flat Passive Record Flat Battery Notepad File Edit Format View Help AnaBat 502 CF Bat Detector a Firmware Version 40544 Serial Number SN XXXXX YYYY MM DD HH MM SS 2010 09 20 20 00 00 BOOT MODE 2010 09 20 ps 00 00 wakeup from RTC 2010 09 20 20 00 00
70. e REPAIR OPTIONS FOR CORRUPT DATA DAT FILES Clock Conflict error This means that the time one sector was written doesn t sequentially follow on from the time the previous sector was written because the Real Time Clock RTC is in error A clock conflict can have serious repercussions if the AnaBat files end up writing over old files because the name of them comes from their timestamp and it s possible you might get two filenames that are the same Make sure you are using the latest version of CFCread and SD2 firmware by checking the AnaBat support forum Corrupt DATA DAT file See REPAIR OPTIONS FOR CORRUPT DATA DAT FILES section of this manual for options to fix a corrupt DATA DAT file For further help please email the AnaBat Support email at AnabatSupport titley scientific com 103 Q How does AnaBat differ from other bat detectors Several different types of bat detector are available which use different types of sound analysis in order to process the bat calls and make them audible and or visible The most commonly used techniques for processing bat calls are Heterodyne Frequency Division and Time Expansion to make calls audible and Zero Crossings Analysis Fourier Analysis and Instantaneous Frequency Analysis to make calls visible he AnaBat is equipped with a broad spectrum microphone and uses the Frequency Division and Zero Crossings Analysis CA techniques Unlike other types of bat detector the
71. e CF card firmly but don t force it to ensure the card is seated properly Replace panel by tightening the screws in a clockwise direction until finger tight and fitted securely to the bat detector The soft bulge in the panel will fit over the eject button on the card socket to prevent the CF card being ejected when the screws are tightened IMPORTANT always ensure the rear access panel is replaced as it prevents dirt and moisture entering the card socket and damaging the electronics inside the bat detector In addition make sure the panel is not replaced upside down or the CF card will be partially ejected 2 3 4 5 6 we y gt T SD2 Side panel connectors SD2 Rear access panel MICROPHONES he microphone attaches directly to the body of the bat detector or can be removed by pulling it straight off don t twist it and mounted separately using an extension cable There are three broad spectrum microphones frequency range 5 to 200 kHz which can be used on the bat detector for different applications SD2 Microphone connection The Black Low Energy microphone is the standard microphone It attaches directly to the body of the bat detector and draws less current than the other microphones conserving battery power This makes it ideal for use in passive monitoring situations However the Black microphone cannot be mounted separately from the detector body
72. e Calibrate Bitmap tool blue amp yellow button select the image and click Delete Click the button again to reload the uncalibrated image 14 To change the appearance of the map click Options gt Map Appearance gt Map Appearance tab Here you can alter the colour shape and size of the track and waypoints etc so they stand out against the image You can also set different colours and symbols to each set of waypoints you mapped on the track to clearly indicate different species etc 15 To save the calibration data use File gt Save Data AND to save the whole image with the overlaid waypoints and track points click File Save Bitmap As This will give you an image file you can import into programs such as PowerPoint If you need more help or would like to explore other mapping options have look though the GPS Utility tutorials in the help section MAPPING TRACKS AND BATS WITH GOOGLE EARTH Google Earth offers a simple way to map bat positions onto an aerial photo or satellite map depending on the coverage Google Earth offers for the region of relevance To map your track and bats in Google Earth 1 You need to convert the GPS ABG file to a GPX file format in order to import the data into Google Earth see instructions above If you generated the GPX text file from a folder containing AnaBat files with embedded GPS co ordinates AND GPS ABG file which were recorded simultaneously the GPX file will contain both track points and
73. earch which includes local paths and removable media The best driver found will be installed Search removable media floppy CD ROM Include this location in the search Don t search will choose the driver to install Choose this option to select the device driver from a list Windows does not quarantee that the driver you choose will be the best match for your hardware 4 MS Windows will now install the USB driver for the AnaBat SD2 If warning appears telling you the driver has not passed MS Windows Logo testing click Continue Anyway to proceed with installation Hardware Update Wizard Please wait while the wizard installs the software 7 Anabat SD2 USB VCom Port Hardware Installation bx A The software you are installing for this hardware Anabat SD2 USB Port has not passed Windows Logo testing to verify its compatibility with Windows XP Tell me why this testing is important Continuing your installation of this software may impair or destabilize the correct operation of your system either immediately or in the future Microsoft strongly recommends that you stop this installation now and contact the hardware vendor for software that has passed Windows Logo testing Continue Anyway STOP Installation 5 Click Finish to complete the installation process when MS Windows has completed the driver installation You wil be notified MS Windows has finish
74. echnologies LM 048 Bluetooth Module SD2 compatible only 1 Connect the LM 048 Bluetooth module to the SD2 SERIAL port and turn on the SD2 detector Make sure that there is no CF card in the SD2 detector and that there are internal batteries fitted in the battery compartment to power the Bluetooth module 2 Check the Bluetooth module is active by the LED display on the module The RED power LED should be lit and the BLUE LED should flash 3 On the PDA tap on Start gt Settings gt Connections gt Bluetooth i Settings lt d 1002 X Q ActiveSync Beam Bluetooth Mode BT Phone Connections iPAQ Manager Wireless Js Network Cards Personal System Connections 4 If the Bluetooth status on the PDA is currently OFF tap Turn On The message Bluetooth is ON should then appear Bluetooth Setti E WO 9 59 Bluetooth General Current profile pefeut Bluetooth status Bluetooth is ON Use the Bluetooth Manager to set connections General Accessibility Services About 71 5 Once the Bluetooth is ON status is displayed tap on the Bluetooth Manager link at the bottom of the screen The Bluetooth Manager lists any past Bluetooth connections To create a new connection tap New bottom left of screen 6 Select Explore a Bluetooth device from the options
75. ed Use the following procedure upgrade firmware on the SD2 Please take the time to read this whole procedure and look at the diagram on page 90 before starting the upgrade procedure 1 Copy the firmware hax upgrade file onto the CF card using your PC This file should be saved in the same directory as the DATA DAT file 2 Insert the CF card into the SD2 3 Hold down the SAVE button continuously If you do not hold down the SAVE button when the SD2 is switched on it will ignore the firmware file This ensures that the SD2 s firmware is not accidentally changed when an old firmware hax file is left on a CF card 4 Press POWER 5 When the Boot mode LEDs flash RECORD STANDBY and STATUS and you hear a beep release the SAVE button 6 The firmware upgrade should now be in progress If you have firmware v4053 or above already installed then the Audio and Data Div LEDs will indicate the progress of the firmware upgrade starting with Audio Div 32 and ending with Data Div 4 see table below Some actions take longer to perform than others so do not be alarmed if the SD2 appears to lock up for 5 10s See table below 92 Firmware upgrade progress as indicated by the LEDs LEDs Progress at each stage AUDIO DIV32 Battery voltage is OK e AUDIO DIV 16 The firmware hax file has been found e AUDIO DIV 8 The firmware hax file is valid and uncorrupted DATA DIV 16 The existing firmware is being erased DATA DIV 8 The new firm
76. ed CF card with no time parameters set 10 Drive to the start of your sampling route or vehicle transect and pull over 11 Press the POWER button The RECORD and STATUS LEDs should be lit indicating that the detector Is in Forced Record mode see OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES 12 Wait for the STANDBY LED fo flash The STANDBY LED will flash each time a valid GPS fix is received by the bat detector If the STANDBY LED is not flashing the GPS is not getting valid fixes and no fixes will be saved to the CF card Surrounding trees or buildings may block the signal so make sure the GPS has a clear view of the sky 13 Adjust the settings on the bat detector to you preference Volume Data Div ratio sensitivity etc you may need the volume set loud on the detector or to stand next to the car mount microphone to hear the detector when adjusting the sensitivity 14 You are now ready to begin Passive Monitoring from the vehicle 42 TIPS FOR PASSIVE MONITORING Power and data storage space For short term monitoring sessions the detector can simply be powered by AA batteries We recommend Alkaline or Nickel Metal Hydride rechargeable batteries with a capacity of at least 2500mAh These add very little weight and may last 2 3 days depending on the length of your recording sessions battery type and condition etc However in practice it would be safer to use the AA batteries for one full night o
77. ed by the Completing the Hardware Update Wizard window Hardware Update Wizard Completing the Hardware Update eS Wizard The wizard has finished installing the software for 7 Anabat SD2 USB VCom Port Click Finish to close the wizard 6 The AnaBat SD2 USB driver will now be installed on your computer Now whenever you connect an SD2 to your computer using the USB port MS Windows will automatically add a new port called AnaBat SD2 USB VCom Port COMx where x is the COM port number assigned to the SD2 To see what COM port number is assigned to the SD2 open the Control Panel click on the System icon Then in the System Properties window select the Hardware tab click on Device Manager A list of the hardware attached to your PC will appear click Ports COM amp LPT to view the list of COM ports Device Manager File Action View R 3A AMRDSKOO a Bluetooth Devices Computer gt Daqx Se Disk drives Display adapters 4 DVD CD ROM drives 3 Floppy disk controllers gj Human Interface Devices gt Keyboards 2 Mice and other pointing devices 0 Monitors gt Multifunction adapters BB Network adapters Ports COM amp LPT 7 Communications Port 27 ECP Printer Port LPT1 88 Processors SCSI and RAID controllers Sound video and game controllers Se Storage volumes System devices amp
78. ed in the AutoSave Parameters section when downloading data CFCread or on the Record page under Options in the AnaPocket menu This will affect the AnaBat sequence files produced Smooth The dots within the call points crossing zero in ZCA must be smoothly connected which means that each dot must be close to the average of the dots either side of it How close is decided by the Smooth parameter Normally this would be set to 50 You could set it lower if you want only the best quality calls or higher if you are willing to accept worse calls But 50 seems good compromise for most purposes Min Line Length This parameter specifies the number of dots in sequence which must be smoothly connected for the signal to be considered a bat call The sequence of dots must have a length greater than the Min Line Length parameter Five is usually a good choice but if you are using a Data Division Ratio of 8 you could go a bit larger The problem is that smaller values make you more vulnerable to noise but larger values increase the likelihood of missing some types of short duration calls MaxTBC secs his is simply the maximum time in seconds between the start of one call and the start of the next call A file will only be saved if at least two calls are detected within the time set by MaxIBC Five seconds is usually a good choice If only one call is detected within MaxTBC then no file will be saved If 2 or more calls are detected with M
79. ee below Website and manual link for the LM 048 http www lm technologies com business bluetooth adapters LMOA48 rs232 cable replacement Roving Networks RN 240F for SD2 RN 270F for SD1 Firefly Bluetooth Module 67 Note that the 502 can supply power on pin 9 of its serial port and therefore the RN 240F can be powered up by a SD2 but a 501 needs to use the RN 270F which has a battery compartment for 2 AAA batteries because it does not supply power on pin 9 of the serial port The two modules however are set up the same 1 Use a pen or other pointy tool to flick the white switches under the Firefly module towards the red button see diagram below Tiny switches Underside of RN 240F RN 270F Firefly Bluetooth Module 2 Provide power to the Firefly module Either insert 2 AAA batteries into the compartment if it s RN 270F or connect DC power pack with 4 11 Volts to the power jack if it s a RN 240F Note that Roving Networks sells a 5V plug pack for this unit its product code is RN PS INT 3 Connect the Firefly module to your PC via the serial port Use a USB serial adapter if the PC doesn t have a serial port Connecting the RN 270F Firefly Bluetooth Module 1 Serial port cable 2 Power jack 3 AAA battery compartment 4 Use a terminal program on your PC to talk to the module The terminal program used in this manual is Tera Term 4 67 Tera Term 4 67 or a later version can be downloaded from http lo
80. em to your PC 83 UNDERSTANDING ANABAT FILE NAMES AnaBat sequence files are always saved with a filename composed of the date and time the call was recorded The date and time are derived from the Real Time Clock inside the detector or PDA In addition the text header of each AnaBat sequence file contains the serial number of the bat detector which recorded that file Use AnalookW to view analyse and identify the bat calls to species The files are named as indicated below Character Values Meanings 1 0 9 a k etc Year 1990 1999 2000 2010 etc 2 1 9 a c Month Jan Sep Oct Dec 3 amp 4 01 31 Day of month 5 amp 6 00 23 Hour 24 hour format amp 8 00 59 Minute 9 amp 10 00 59 Second 1 AnaBat sequence file type For example an AnaBat sequence file with the name F4061812 09 was recorded in 2005 on April the 6th at 6 12 09PM FILE MANAGEMENT AND ARCHIVING A DATA DAT file can produce massive numbers of AnaBat Sequence files so it is beneficial to download and deal with the data file from one CF Card at a time After downloading data the contents needs to be moved to a permanent archive structure particularly if you downloaded the data to a temporary folder first How you structure the archive is up to you There are likely to be multiple file types such as ZCA files AnaBat files and GPS files which you may want to handle differently or you may want to keep all data from particular habitats time periods or bat species tog
81. er pointing devices A Monitors EP Network adapters 79 Ports COM amp LPT 7901 Anabat 502 USB VCom Port COM3 Processors b a Sound video and game controllers gt 4i System devices Universal Serial Bus controllers 502 HARDWARE FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND INDICATORS 1 POWER Turns the bat detector on and off 2 RECORD STANDBY Controls operating modes of the bat detector 3 VOLUME UP amp DOWN Adjusts the volume heard through the loudspeaker or headphones 4 LEDS ON OFF Turns all LED indicator lights on and off except for the ERROR LED 5 LEDs RECORD STANDBY STATUS ERROR DATA Indicate the operating modes of the bat detector and CF card status 6 DATA DIV 16 8 4 Press to select data division ratio indicated by LEDs AUDIO DIV 32 16 8 Press to select audio division ratio indicated by LEDs 8 MIC Press record audio or voice comments All other bat detector functions will be suppressed while comments are recorded 9 SAVE previously CAL in older units Press to manually save detected bat calls and produce 40 kHz calibration tone 10 LOW BATTERY Indicates internal or external battery power is low 1l SENSITIVITY Control Adjust the sensitivity of the microphone to detect bat calls Rotate clockwise to increase sensitivity and vice versa Also adjusts signal levels for HF Output if in use 12 AUDIO MIC Used to detect audio or voice comments when the
82. ether It is highly recommended that you immediately backup the data particularly the raw data in order to prevent data loss in the event of computer crashes and so on Retaining a copy of the raw data allows you to retrieve data by downloading it again using CFCread You can also download the data again with different auto save parameters if you need to 84 REAL TIME An internal Real Time Clock RTC in the bat detector keeps track of the date and time and uses this information when bat call data is recorded date and time file stamps The RTC is powered by its own battery which lasts five years and is not accessible to the user HOW TO CHECK AND SET THE REAL TIME CLOCK IN THE SD2 RTC inside the bat detector is preset However you may need to change the time due to daylight savings a move to a new time zone or to correct the accuracy as the RTC can be expected to drift over time SD1 units To check or set the internal clock 1 Remove the CF card if installed 2 Press POWER button on the detector SD2 will be in Command mode with the STATUS and ERROR LEDs lif 3 Connect the SD2 to your PC via the COMPUTER SERIAL or USB PORT The date and time on the PC must be correct If you plan to use the SD2 in another time zone set your computer s clock to this time zone first 4 Run the CFCread program 5 Select and open the port connected to the SD2 Com 1 on your PC is port 1 in CFCread To find out
83. eying bats in an urban landscape Wildlife Research 35 768 774 Johnson J B Menzel M A Edwards J W and Ford W M 2002 A comparison of 2 acoustical bat survey techniques Wildlife Society Bulletin 30 931 936 Kuenzi A J and Morrison M L 1998 Detection of bats by mist nets and ultrasonic sensors Wildlife Society Bulletin 26 307 311 Murray K L Britzke E R Hadley B M and Robbins L W 1999 Surveying bat communities a comparison between mist nets and the Anabat Il bat detector system Acta Chiropterologica 1 105 112 107 O Farrell M J and Gannon W L 1999 A comparison of acoustic versus capture techniques for the inventory of bats Journal of Mammalogy 80 24 30 Practical considerations and study design Gannon W L Sherwin E and Haymond S 2003 On the importance of articulating assumptions when conducting acoustic studies of habitat use by bats Wildlife Society Bulletin 31 45 61 Hayes J P 1997 Temporal variation in activity of bats and the design of echolocation monitoring studies Journal of Mammalogy 78 514 524 Hayes J P 2000 Assumptions and practical considerations in the design and interpretation of echolocation monitoring studies Acta Chiropterologica 2 225 236 Larson D J and Hayes J P 2000 Variability in sensitivity of Anabat Il bat detectors and a method of calibration Acta Chiropterologica 2 209 213 Miller B W 2001 A me
84. g files are used to diagnose problems with the SD2 should they arise To check the most recent log file after a sampling session 1 Make sure the SD2 is off before removing the CF Card 2 Insert the CF card into the CF card reader writer 3 Select the CF card drive Removable Disk Use a file management utility such as My Documents on your PC Along with the DATA DAT and Firmware hax files will be a folder named log 4 Open the log directory to see a list of log files generated by the SD2 3 5 Open syslog txt to find out which log file is the latest Up to 99 files log99 txt can be stored in the folder When this number is exceeded the SD2 will overwrite the oldest log file which is likely to be logOl txt Therefore the largest numbered log file may not necessarily be the latest log file Syslog txt will tell you the name of the NEXT log file it plans to make So if syslog txt says log logO04 txt then logO03 txt is the latest log file 6 Open the latest log file and read through its contents Below is an example of a log file from a CF card without set time parameters 7 10902 Notepad TII File Edit Format View Help AnaBat SD2 CF Bat Detector Firmware Version V4053g Serial Number SN 01175 YYYY MM DD HH MM SS 2010 09 23 16 40 18 2010 09 23 16 40 18 2010 09 23 16 40 19 2010 09 23 16 40 19 2010 09 23 16 40 19 2010 09 23 16 40 19 2010 09 23 16 40 19 2010 09 23 16 40 19
85. gins at and Monitoring ends at time settings Outside of these times the AnaBat SD2 Bat Detector will remain in low power Standby mode unless the user intervenes Note when the bat detector enters Record mode during the monitoring period the loudspeaker and LEDs will automatically be disabled to save power and reduce the conspicuousness of the unit HOW TO SET TIME PARAMETERS ON THE CF CARD 1 Insert the CF card into the CF card reader writer 2 Open the CFCread program 3 Click on Choose Input File Select the CF card drive Removable Disk and DATA DAT file click Open 39 CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair FADSTA DAT Download Stop Timezone Check card Quit gt ek Ed Start delayed till 01 Jan 2000 06 00 F Activate Date modified Type Monitoring Begins and Ends at 30 12 20099 28 AM File folder Activate 25 08 2010 2 52PM File Initialise CF Monitoring begins at 180000 Monitonng ends at 6 00 00 Erase Port Time Open Get ID Sel Clase Version Check Ex Dat files dat Cancel Open as read only Status 4 To set Start delayed till check Activate Enter the date and time you wish to delay monitoring until Choose Input File Download TimeZone _Check oud 01 Jan 2000 06 00 v Activate Monito
86. gmett com freeware TeraTerm php 5 the Tera Term program New Connection window select Serial and the Port the module is connected to then gt 6 From the program menu select Setup gt Serial port 68 8 Change to the following settings Baud rate 115200 Data 8 bit Parity none Stop 1 bit Flow control none Press OK Wake up the module by pressing the red button underneath The blue and green lights should flash alternately for a short period followed by the green light flashing on its own 9 into the serial program window You won t see anything you type displayed on the Tera Term program screen Instead you should see the word CMD returned by the Firefly module and the green light will flash continuously If the green light stops flashing when you re typing commands press the red button on the module again 10 Give your Firefly Bluetooth module a name by typing S MyDevice 1 Where MyDevice is the name you wish to use should appear on the screen This name will be displayed when you use the module to connect with your PDA and will appear as MyDevice followed by the last four digits of the Bluetooth MAC address Naming you module is handy when you re working with a group of people using Bluetooth as you can ensure you re connecting to your device and not another change the passkey on the Firefly module type
87. gnals detected by the AnaBat are saved to the DATA DAT file on the CF card It is the CFCread program or AnaPocket on the PDA which decides when to save an AnaBat file Any of the following four criteria must be met if a file containing bat calls or noise is to be saved automatically 1 If the buffer is filled the file will be saved immediately The buffer can hold up to 16384 data points which is a fair bit so this criterion is not commonly met However noisy files or files containing many bats could reach this limit If files contain lots of data but are shorter than 15 seconds it is likely to be because the buffer is full Files which have met this criterion will always be large gt 16 2 A file will be saved if there has been NO data for MaxTBC seconds after the last signal was received This criterion can result in files of short duration potentially much shorter than 15 seconds and can be changed by altering the MaxTBC setting 3 A file will be saved if the time since the first recognised bat call is greater than 15 seconds This ensures a file can never be longer than 15 seconds 4 The file size itself is limited to 32K bytes and it is possible to have data which contains less than 16384 points but requires more than 32 KB to store In this case the file would mostly be noise The file will be cut off and saved when it gets to 32 KB in size 106 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF USEFUL PAPERS Useful websites Titley Scien
88. h can be viewed in AnalookW 5m synch is the recommended option for the SDI and Raw is recommended for the SD2 For further details see ZCA FILES below Raw data file The original raw data is automatically downloaded from the DATA DAT file by CFCread when you download the data The raw data file will be named after the serial number of the unit used to record the data and the date serial amp date It will NOT be named DATA DAT The raw data can be used to backup your data and or re download your data useful if you want to use different AutoSave parameters Choose a place to save the data on your PC In the Choose Folder for Downloaded Files window select a directory in which to save the data this may be a temporary folder set up for this purpose Click OK Don t remove the CF card during the download process A LED will flash on the CF card reader writer while the data is being downloaded When the download has finished a message will appear in the CFCread program window with Valid AnaBat sectors read where XX is the number of sectors containing bat call data Check the relevant data has been downloaded Check that the AnaBat status txt and raw data files are in the folder you selected previously along with any additional ZCA GPS and Wav files you selected Check the status txt file for any errors Do this before looking at the AnaBat files in AnalookW or preparing the CF card for the next mon
89. ile GPS GPSU txt for the Track and at least one waypoint file batpositions txt containing the bat positions Exit AnalookW and Open GPS Utility To map your Track open the relevant GPS GPSU txt file he GPS co ordinates and times will appear in a file on the screen To keep of the original GPS GPSU txt file unchanged click File Save As and change the name of this file you ll be working on to Bats txt for example f you only want to map your Track skip to step 9 below Otherwise continue to the next step To map bat locations onto the Track open the relevant batpositions txt file Click gt All to select all the waypoints Record Copy Selected to copy them to the clipboard Switch to the Bats txt file and click View Waypoints Click Record Paste to paste all the waypoints into the Bats ixt file Note that if you try to paste them into the track points page you will get an Incompatible data error You have now created one GPS Utility working file with both track points and waypoints in it You can switch back and forth between the pages via View in the menu bar Close the batpositions txt file and save the Bats txt file Click View Map to see the Track and mapped bat positions if any However there won t be any reference material on the map at this stage To add reference material such as an aerial image on which to overlay your track and bat positions do the following 62
90. itoring session If there were no errors with the download process continue The contents of the DATA DAT file on the CF card must now be erased for the next monitoring session This is because the CFCread program downloads all the data in the DATA DAT file on the CF card If data from the previous monitoring session is still on the CF card it will be downloaded all over again along with any new data recorded Set or change the Start delayed till and or Monitoring begins at and Monitoring ends at times Click Erase in the CFCread program window Erase will write set times your CF card at the same time the DATA DAT file is cleared 80 13 Wait patiently he time taken to erase the CF card will depend on the amount of data on the card A LED will flash on the CF card reader writer while this process is occurring Don t remove the CF card during this process A message will appear in the CFCread program window with Disk Erased to Sector XX where XX was the number of sectors containing bat call data when all the sectors have been erased 14 Click Quit to exit the program The CF Card is now ready for use in your next monitoring session ADDITIONAL DOWNLOAD OPTIONS FOR CF CARDS AUTOSAVE PARAMETERS An ultrasonic signal must meet certain criteria before it is recognised as a bat call These criteria depend on the MaxIBC Min Line Length and Smooth parameters which can be chang
91. morphological features such as relative size wing shape and fur colour which can help when identifying recorded bat calls to species in the lab later as they provide a context in which to interpret the calls Visual observations can be verbally recorded onto the CF card using the MIC button on the bat detector but not with a PDA see below 45 ACTIVE MONITORING WITH A PDA For Active Monitoring a PDA can be mounted directly on the SD2 forming a single stand alone unit which can be held one hand When running AnaPocket software this set up allows sonograms of bat calls be viewed in real fime enabling an experienced observer to identify calls of free flying bats If won t be necessary to use a CF card in the SD2 as bat calls will be saved in the PDA AnaPocket version 3 0c runs on MS Windows Mobile 5 and 6 If you have a MS Windows Mobile 2003 PDA however AnaPocket 2 5m is the latest version you can run Both of these versions are included on the Distribution CD in the AnaPocket directory The HP IPAQ 212 IPAQ 21x series is the PDA recommended by Titley Scientific and is sold as part of the Active Monitoring kit IMPORTANT Prior to Active Monitoring with PDA you must configure your PDA to prevent it going sleep or pop up windows pestering you during your sampling session You will also need to install AnaPocket 3 0c and the USB driver on the PDA to connect via USB see below or alternatively configure
92. n ratio of 8 to a division ratio of 16 by removing half the data points if required but it is never possible to convert calls recorded using division ratio of 16 to a division ratio of 8 you can t add more data points if they weren t recorded the first place A Data Division Ratio of 8 is also beneficial for the analysis of short duration calls and feeding buzzes especially at lower frequencies For example Data Division Ratio of 8 will give better records of calls of ghost bats Macroderma gigas in Australia big eared bats Plecotus spp Europe and Corynorhinus spp spotted bats Euderma maculatum and all phyllostimid species in the Americas Although quiet Whispering bats also tend to produce calls of short duration which would also benefit from Division Ratio 8 DATA DIVISION RATIO 16 In some long term passive monitoring stations where data storage or download speeds using is a limiting factor a Data Division Ratio of 16 can be used with negligible consequences DATA DIVISION RATIO 4 There are few advantages to using a Data Division ratio of 4 rather than 8 or 16 Although it will provide 4 times as many data points as a Data Division Ratio of 16 or twice as many as a division ratio of 8 the resolution of the resulting sonograms will appear coarse This is because small fluctuations in the frequency divided signal are not averaged out at a division ratio of 4 as they are for division ratios 8 and 16 Si
93. nce the extra detail increases storage 24 requirements and processing power but does not assist species identification it is superfluous Data Division Ratio 4 should generally be ignored unless you re specifically studying calls of extremely low frequency and short duration AUDIO DIVISION RATIO Most bats echolocate at frequencies above those detectable by human hearing Therefore the frequencies of detected bat calls are divided by the Audio Division Ratio 32 16 or 8 so the calls can be heard through the loudspeaker or headphones For example if the Audio Division ratio is 16 and bat call of 40 kHz is detected a 2 5 kHz tone will be heard from the loudspeaker Keeping the audible Frequency Divided signal below 5 kHz is best as 8 kHz signals may be difficult to hear for some people Select the Audio Division Ratio most suited to your hearing in relation to the bat calls being recorded Audio Division Ratio of 16 is recommended for most purposes The Audio Division Ratio has no effect on the bat call data saved to the CF card PDA or external computer The 40 kHz signal produced by pressing the SAVE button on the detector can be used as a reference frequency with which compare bat calls It will give you a crude idea of bat call frequency by the tone heard through the loudspeaker i e below or above 40 kHz and you can learn how bat calls of different frequencies sound 25 COMPACT FLASH CARDS All New CF cards need
94. ne or two seconds The idea of the GPS Map is help you navigate at night North is always Up on the screen and you can see where you are in relation to the track you have taken If you pay attention at intervals to the Map you will readily get a sense of how things lie and where you are in relation to them However the GPS Map will only give you approximate positions which while useful are of limited value for trying to pinpoint specific positions such as a particular tree To get the best out of your GPS Map and make mapping your track later on easier mark some points clearly Make short deviations from your path at set intervals so a distinctive mark will appear on the track in the GPS or follow major landmarks such as a road or river Do something that will give you a clear point which is easily recognisable especially if you don t stick to roads and other readily identifiable features 58 accuracy of the GPS in most situations will be of the order of to the nearest 10m This decreases when stationary and the Track will appear to wander looks like a squiggle in positions where you stood still 8 To change the GPS Map options colours visibility tap Colour On the tab at the bottom of the GPS Map screen Colours you can change the colours of the Map background Track Recent and Current positions by tapping on the relevant button and choosing another colour from those available Visibility you can increase
95. ng displayed on the PDA This may happen if a connection between the detector and PDA has come loose so double check that they are secure AnaPocket also needs to be running in either Record or Monitor mode for detected calls to be displayed on the screen In Monitor mode all detected bat calls will be saved to the PDA but in Record mode detected bat calls will only be saved if the SAVE ON CAL option is checked in the OPTS RECORD dialog box in AnaPocket and you press the SAVE button or press button four on the PDA see AnaPocket manual for details The ERROR LED is lit or flashing Multiple LEDs are flashing The ERROR LED only ever lights when the CF storage system is unavailable his is not a problem if you do not need to store data on the CF card such as when Active Monitoring with PDA In this case make sure you have removed the CF card from the bat detector If you do need to save data on the CF card then check you have inserted an initialised CF card into the CF card slot in the rear access panel of the detector If the ERROR LED is still lit or flashing along with other LEDs the bat detector is indicating there is an error with the CF card See the section on CF CARD 101 ERRORS It will help you determine the problem being indicated by the bat detectors LEDs Noise is continuously coming from the loudspeaker and the DATA LED stays lit This is usually a result of insect activity or electromagnetic interference E
96. nly before recharging replacing them his is because battery capacity is also affected by other factors such as temperature and they may not last as long as expectedi in the field For extended monitoring sessions the SD2 should be powered by an external 12 volt battery assume the battery will last only one day per Amp Hour of capacity before it requires recharging and for fixed long term monitoring installations it may be worth considering powering the SD2 using a solar array A Data Division Ratio of 16 can be used in long term passive monitoring stations where data storage CF card capacity download speeds using and extraneous noise may be a limiting factors For more short term passive monitoring for example nightly or weekly a Data Division Ratio of 8 can be used Calibration Ensure all the bat detectors being used are calibrated to the same sensitivity This is important whenever quantitative comparisons of bat activity will be made between habitats or areas using different detectors as the fields of detection should be similar The graduations on the sensitivity control alone cannot guarantee that all units will be the same Levels of sensitivity will vary among detectors due to differences in age wear and so on Fields of detection can be estimated using AnaVolumes and bat detectors can be calibrated using the Titley Calibration System which includes a Chirper which emits an ultrasonic signal at a constant frequency
97. no fixes 2D non differential fixes 3D non differential fixes 2D differential fixes 3D differential fixes UO 55 AnaPocket 3 5 20 ok AnaPocket ext 3 51 X Disconnect Set Clock Settings New File Scale All File Time Opts Rec GPS Tools If you re not getting valid fixes close AnaPocket and run the GPSInfo test You should have installed this on your PDA earlier This test will let you see if the CF GPS can get valid fixes from multiple satellites in your current location You ll need be able to track 4 satellites before it ll output useful fixes to AnaPocket Make sure at least 4 satellites on the PDA screen are ringed in blue which means they are being tracked and used by the CF GPS to get fixes The red LED on the side of the GPS will be flashing Once you have confirmed that the GPS is tracking at least 4 satellites shut down GPSInfo and go back to AnaPocket To check you have closed GPSInfo properly tap Start gt Settings gt System gt Memory then select the Running Programs tab If GPSInfo appears in the list of programs currently running select it then tap Stop AnaPocket will not be able to connect to the GPS while it is connected to GPSInfo Make sure that the port setting in AnaPocket is the same as in GPSInfo then iry connecting to the GPS in AnaPocket again To synchronize your PDA clock to the CF GPS tap GPS5Set Clock in the AnaPocket menu This ensures your GPS
98. nstalled programs 48 SETUP THE 502 FOR ACTIVE MONITORING WITH A PDA The following steps will setup the SD2 for Active Monitoring with a PDA 1 Provide power to the detector via 4 AA batteries 2 Remove the CF card from the SD2 if installed 3 Mount bracket onto detector using the screws provided 4 Place the PDA into the bracket and connect to the SD2 using the USB cable via USB port below Alternatively connect the PDA to the SD2 using the serial cable or Bluetooth module via serial port If you re using a Bluetooth module read the section on USING BLUETOOTH MODULES WITH THE SD2 AND PDA IPAQ 21x to SD2 USB cable 5 Turn on the PDA check date amp time are correct adjust backlight amp power 49 Reducing the brightness of the backlight conserves power and prevents the light from ruining your low light vision To do this slide the bar under the light bulb symbol to the left on the PDA screen to dim the backlight To prevent the PDA from turning off whilst on battery power tap the battery symbol on the PDA tap the Advanced tab and untick On battery power Remember to re tick this box when your sampling session is finished so the PDA battery does not go flat in storage Press Power button on the detector The detector will enter Command mode with the STATUS and ERROR LEDs lit and will take instructions from the PDA Run AnaPocket on the PDA and adjust the settings to your preference Adjust the
99. o 5 Adjust the volume Press the UP or DOWN arrow buttons Rub your fingers together or use a Chirper in front of the microphone This should enable you to hear the ultrasonic sounds produced by your fingers or the Chirper 23 WHICH DATA AND AUDIO DIVISION RATIOS DATA DIVISION RATIO AnaBat uses Frequency Division to process ultrasonic bat calls at the Data Division Ratio 4 8 or 16 selected on the front panel of the bat detector The Data Division Ratio affects the amount of data which is saved on the CF card PDA or external computer The lower the division ratio the greater the number of data points in the resulting sonograms frequency versus time graphs when the data is processed using Zero Crossings Analysis ZCA For example a Data Division Ratio of 8 will use twice as much storage space as a Data Division Ratio of 16 but will provide twice the number of data points in the resulting sonograms better resolution For more information on Frequency Division and ZCA refer to the papers listed in the Bibliography DATA DIVISION RATIO 8 A Data Division Ratio of 8 is recommended for most purposes In the past when data storage was a limiting factor a Data Division Ratio of 16 was commonly used However data storage space is less of an issue these days because there are CF cards with many Gigabytes capacity that can be used in the AnaBat SD2 It is also possible to convert calls which were recorded using a divisio
100. oad TimeZone Check card Quit delayed til 01 Jan 2000 06 00 Activate Monitoring Begins and Ends at nilialise Activate Monitoring begins at 18 00 00 Monitoring ends at 06 00 00 Erase Time Get ID Sel Version Check 90 9 Click Get ID to check the serial number Appears in the status window 5 CF Storage ZCAIM Interface 25 Repair F DATA DAT Choose Input File Download Stor TimeZone Start delayed till 01 Jan 2000 06 00 Activate Monitoring Begins and Ends at Activate Monitoring begins 19 00 00 Monitoring ends at 06 00 00 Check card Quit Initialise CF Port 3 Close Comm port ready m Status ES CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair FADATA DAT Choose Input File Download to Check card Start delayed 01 Jan 2000 06 00 Activate Monitonng Begins and Ends at Initialise CF Activate Monitoring begins at 18 amp 0000 Manitonng ends at Erase Port Time Close Version Check 10 Click Version to display the firmware version Appears in the status window 9 CF Storage ZCAIM Interface 5 9 CF Storage ZCAIM Interface sl Repair Repair FADATA DAT FADATA DAT Choose Input File Download top TimeZone Check card Quit Start dela
101. om the vacuum pad and seal it securely to the surface of the roof If the red line is visible on the plunger air has leaked back into the vacuum pad and the vacuum may be insufficient to hold the mount to the roof If the red line becomes visible simply re pump the plunger Adjust the microphone s orientation to your preference Turn knob counter clockwise to loosen the microphone head of the car mount and adjust the angle of orientation re tighten The angle of the microphone can be adjusted through 360 degrees 8 9 Connect the car mount microphone to the 502 microphone socket via the extension cable The cables will have to go through the passenger side window Don t try to roll the window up fully or you may damage the cables Attach the Mouse GPS receiver to the roof of the vehicle or on the dash inside the car This GPS has a magnetic base Provide power to the GPS by connecting the 12 V adapter to the car s cigarette lighter or use the AA power pack supplied with the Mouse GPS when purchased through Titley Connect the GPS to the SD2 s SERIAL PORT The GPS unit must be set to send NMEA sentences GPGGA GPRMC and optionally PGRMM at 4800 baud These are the default settings for the Mouse GPS unit but if you re using a different GPS you will have to consult your GPS manual on how to do this The update rate should be no faster than once per second 1Hz Provide power to the detector via 4 x AA batteries Insert initialis
102. on Often different species will behave differently when flying in the same situation Colour will look different under the spotlight and in most cases may be of little Use However some species have distinctive markings or colouration which may be useful for identification These visual observation techniques will take time to learn Keep evaluating your progress so that you gain an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the process and what features and differences enabled you to successfully identify bats in your area RECORDING VOICE ANNOTATIONS audio microphone on the front panel of the bat detector can be used to record comments onto the CF card For example you may want to record observations of weather habitat type or bat behaviour These audio recordings are downloaded using CFCread The files will be saved in Wav format in the download directory on your PC along with your AnaBat files and can be replayed using MS Windows compatible sound programs Wav file names are composed of timestamps just like AnaBat sequence files so the corresponding Wav AnaBat files are easy to match up Because voice annotations using the audio MIC are saved to the CF card this function isn t available when the detector is connected to a PDA To verbally record observations whilst Active Monitoring with a PDA you will have to use a separate voice recorder When recording a visual observation of a bat to a separate voice rec
103. onto your PDA To only install the PDA to SD2 USB driver copy the USB installer CAB file onto your PDA 46 Copy the onto a CF or SD card and insert it into the PDA connect the PDA to a PC and use Microsoft ActiveSync XP MS Windows Mobile Device Centre Windows7 to transfer the file from your PC to the PDA 2 On your PDA run the installer by tapping on the CAB file This window will appear tap Yes continue with the installation ex ME 1 20 Installing AnaPocket v3 0c and USB device driver CAB O HO GVice driver CAB The program is from an unknown publisher You should install it only if you trust its publisher Do you want to continue Name evice driver CAB Location Card Yes 3 When asked to choose location to install the driver select Device then tap Install in the bottom left hand corner of the screen ex ME 1 20 Choose a location to install Titley Scientific AnaPocket v3 0c and USB device driver e CO Card CO File Store Space Needed 552 KB Space Available 145396 KB Install Cancel 4 AnaBat 502 USB driver is now installed on your PDA When the following window appears tap ok in the top right hand corner of the screen 47 ex 1 20 lok AnaPocket v3 0c and USB device driver CAB was successfully installed on your device If you need more storage space you can remove i
104. order after saving the call on the bat detector it is good idea to recite the relevant AnaBat file number or the time hours minutes and seconds This will make it easier to match up the comments to the relevant AnaBat file later To make voice annotations 1 Hold the detector half an arm s length away Note speaking too close to the microphone AUDIO MIC can result in distorted recordings The AUDIO MIC for voice annotations is identified as item 12 in FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND INDICATORS Make sure you don t have anything obstructing it like your thumb 2 Hold down the MIC button Speak at normal volume level 3 Release the MIC button when finished 76 TIPS FOR ACTIVE MONITORING Some of the tips listed in the Passive Monitoring section are also relevant for Active Monitoring such as Calibration when using multiple units and taking notes or recording verbal comments on the weather habitat condition etc Power Have a spare PDA battery handy A standard PDA battery lasts about 2 3 hours so having a spare battery may be necessary for longer Active Monitoring sessions Cables and connections Be aware that connections can come loose which will prevent detected bat calls being saved or displayed on the PDA Make sure you have connected the cables to the detector and PDA properly Saving calls manually To manually save selected bat calls by pressing the SAVE button when using PDA make ensure the SAVE O
105. ort from the menu at the bottom of the screen This will open a window where you can specify the port AnaPocket will use to communicate with the SD2 or you can let AnaPocket search for the correct port automatically Tick all of the port numbers as shown below then tap Search ports When the correct port is found the window will close The selected port will be saved so you won t need to search for the correct port in future 78 AnaPocket ex ME 1 32 lok ZCAIM last found on Port 1 Search ports May take a while Search 1 M2 M3 4 Vis iie M7 8 Try this port Status 10 To start your Active Monitoring session you can either Tap Rec Monitor to choose monitor mode in AnaPocket In monitor mode all detected ultrasonic signals are automatically saved see AUTOSAVE PARAMETERS and FAQ sections of this manual OR Rec gt Record then tap Opt gt Rec and tick save on cal to choose record mode in AnaPocket 52 In record mode you manually chose which calls to save by pressing the SAVE button on the SD2 AnaPocket will then save the last 15 seconds of data in a new AnaBat file Manually saving bat calls in this manner allows you fo select which calls you wish to keep As the decision save a call can be made after it is detected there is no risk of missing it providing it is within the last 15 seconds of data The SAVE button only needs to be pressed very briefly A 40 kHz c
106. p briefly spot the bat which you can then come back to As you become more experienced you will develop a sense of where the bat is likely to be flying When a bat is spotted turn the full beam onto the bat so you can see more detail Bats will usually change their flight path to try to avoid the spotlight so once you have a feel for the technique avoid shining the light on the bat until it is almost straight above or in front of yOU Visual cues Good views of bats in the spotlight tend to be quick but things to look for include shape particularly of the wings but also of the ears body and tail membrane colour rate and consistency of wing beats flight behaviour and flight position in relation to the immediate landscape Wing shapes differ among groups of species and require some experience to identify in the field Some species have narrow pointed wings while others have broad short wings with rounded wing tips Some hold their wrists well forward of the shoulders with the rest of the wing swept back while the front edge of the wing may be straighter in others It is important to realise that wing shape can also differ according to what the bat is doing For example bat may bend the wing at the wrist to decrease wing area and increase wing loading and flight speed when gliding quickly making the whole wing look more slender Therefore the context and behaviour of the bat being observed must also be taken into considerati
107. point the detector will once again enter Standby mode Standby mode will only be indicated by the LEDs on the front panel for ten seconds before the bat detector becomes inactive However if the SD2 Is connected to GMLI system and has the appropriate w firmware the detector will remain in Standby mode while data is uploaded to the getmylog com server Press the RECORD STANDBY button to switch between modes fo briefly carry out other functions such as adjusting the sensitivity You may need to press the button several times to reach the mode you require The detector will cycle through modes in the following order Forced Forced Record PRES Senna ene 98 TROUBLESHOOTING If something goes wrong during your sampling session and you had a CF card installed in the bat detector Check the Log Files Each time the SD2 is turned on it creates a file in the log directory on the CF card providing there is space see sections on FORMATTING CF CARDS and HOW TO INITIALISE CF CARDS These log files record all of the events which occurred while the detector was switched on such as the buttons pressed operating modes time parameters set errors which occurred and so on If you had problems with a sampling session it is a good idea to read through the relevant log file as it may reveal what the problem was which you may then be able to rectify for your next sampling session See the section on DIAGNOST
108. rd installed The bat detector will detect bat calls but will not automatically save calls onto the PDA or computer unless AnaPocket is in monitor mode Alternatively 96 when AnaPocket is in record mode you can manually decide which calls to save by pressing the SAVE button on the 502 or Cal in SD1 Tap Rec 2 Record or Monitor in the AnaPocket menu If either is selected detector will enter Record mode from Command mode 2 When Passive Monitoring Record mode is entered between Monitoring Begin and End times when a CF card with programmed time parameters is installed in the SD2 In this situation the bat detector will automatically save detected bat calls onto the CF card Press the RECORD STANDBY button to switch between modes You may need to press the button several times to reach the mode you require The detector will cycle through modes in the order below Time parameters set within the recording period Forced Forced RESON Record Command REGGIO FORCED RECORD MODE RECORD and STATUS LEDs lit The bat detector will automatically start up in Forced Record mode if a CF card with no programmed time parameters is installed and the POWER button Is pressed In Forced Record mode the bat detector will automatically save detected bat calls onto the CF card In this mode the DATA LED will flash whenever calls are detected If the unit is connected a GPS the DATA LED will also
109. ric attenuation and the directional characteristics and sensitivity of the bat detector It will also be affected by the amount of structural clutter obstacles such as vegetation which can block the path of the signal frequency and amplitude of the bat call has a major influence on how far away the call can be detected and makes some species easier to detect from afar than others Quiet low amplitude bat calls are more difficult to detect than loud high amplitude calls Call amplitude can vary within an individual as many bats will reduce the amplitude of their calls as they approach prey or clutter and also vary between species Species which always produce low amplitude calls whispering bats will be more difficult 104 to detect from a distance than other species In addition bat calls of higher frequencies cannot be detected from as far as those of lower frequencies as higher frequencies are absorbed by the atmosphere attenuate faster than lower frequencies How quickly sounds attenuate in the atmosphere depend upon weather conditions such as temperature humidity and air pressure This relationship is complex but in general cool dry conditions will allow the detection of bat calls over greater distances sensitivity of the detector also has a major influence on detection distance and while there is always some variability in sensitivity among units the biggest influence is the setting of the sensitivit
110. ring Begins and Ends at Activate Monitoring begins ai 18 00 00 Mongoung ends at 5 To set Monitoring begins at and Monitoring ends at check Activate Enter the times you wish monitoring to begin and end 34 CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair F DATA DAT Choose Input File Download TimeZone Check card Quit Start delayed ti 1 2000 06 00 Activate Initialise CF onitoring Begins and Ends at Activate Monitoring begins 18 00 00 Monitoring ends at 06 00 00 Erase Port Time 3 E Open Get ID Set Close Version Check Status Waiting 6 Click Erase in the CFCread program window Erase will write set times to your CF card IMPORTANT The DATA DAT file will be cleared at the same time so make sure you have downloaded any data first CF Storage ZCAIM Interface Repair F DATA DAT Choose Input File Download TimeZone Check card Quit Start delayed 01 Jan 2000 06 00 Activate Initialise CF Monitoring Begins and Ends at Activate Monitoring begins 18 00 00 Monitoring ends 06 00 00 Port Time 3 2 Open Get ID Set Close Version Check Status Waiting 7 Click Quit in the program window Your CF card is now programmed with your chosen time parameters HOW TO SETUP THE SD2 FOR PASS
111. s usually a result of insect activity or electromagnetic interference decrease the sensitivity to reduce or silence the undesired signals Be careful not to reduce the sensitivity so much that it will be impossible to detect bat calls Ideally the bat detector should not produce any sound unless a bat callis detected On completion of recording session Press the POWER button It is now safe to remove the CF card Download and view data Use the CFCread program to download the saved data from the CF card onto your computer Then use the AnalookW program to view analyse and identify the bat calls to species See the section on HOW DOWNLOAD DATA FROM THE CF CARD for details 22 TESTING THE SYSTEM Whether you are doing Active or Passive Monitoring it is recommended that you fully operate all teatures of your system prior to embarking on a field trip his is to ensure that you are familiar with all the features and that you have everything you need for your field trip prior to departure The following test amongst others can be used to check that the acoustic part of the unit is functioning To test the basic operation and sensitivity of an SD2 unit only 1 Provide power to the detector Via 4x AA batteries or external 12V battery Remove the CF card if installed Press the POWER button Check the detector is in Command mode STATUS and ERROR LEDs should be lit Adjust the sensitivity t
112. ta as separate folders B Division Ratio now obsolete The Data Division Ratio used during the monitoring session is automatically stored in the DATA DAT file by the SD2 and noted in the status txt file see below Wav GPS etc tick Generate to download Wav GPS etc files These will only appear if a GPS was connected to the SD2 or the MIC button was used to record comments during the sampling session Status IMPORTANT tick Generate to produce a status xt file This will disolay errors or changes that occur during the download process AnaBoat files tick Generate to download your AnaBat sequence files Save on Cal tick box if bat calls were manually saved by pressing the SAVE button on the detector Separate AnaBat sequence files will be produced for each call saved AutoSave parameters tick Use to retain the default settings shown This section allows you to adjust Max TBC secs Min Line Length and Smooth parameters for interpretation of the bat call data what is and isn t recognised as a bat call The default settings are appropriate for most bat call data and are recommended if you do not understand what these parameters will do to your data For further details see AUTOSAVE PARAMETERS below 9 10 1 12 ZCA files tick Generate to download ZCA files ZCA files contain a whole night of data in one AnaBat file whic
113. tails of the incompatible CF card i e size and type to the Titley AnaBat 30 support section at AnabatSupporte etitley scientific com See DIAGNOSTIC LOG FILES below CF CARD FULL RECORD STANDBY STATUS and ERROR LEDs flashing This will happen when your CF card is full of data No further operations are possible without removing the CF card Using CFCread download the data from the CF Card to your PC and then erase it from the CF Card Alternatively insert a different CF Card HOW TO CHECK REMAINING CF CARD STORAGE SPACE 1 Insert the initialised CF card into bat detector 2 Hold down the RECORD button and compare the flashing LEDs on the detector s front panel with the table below LEDs will only be lit for as long as the button is pressed CF Status lt 14 full lt 1 full lt 3 full gt 3 full RECORD Of Off Fl ashing STANDBY Off Flashing Flashing STATUS 0 ERROR Flashing Flashing Flashing Flashing DAA of Of Of Of DIAGNOSTIC LOG FILES Each time the SD2 is turned on it creates a file in the log directory on the CF card providing there is space see sections on FORMATTING CF CARDS HOW TO INITIALISE CF CARDS These log files record all of the events which occurred while the detector was switched on such as the buttons pressed operating modes time parameters set errors which occurred and so on Hence lo
114. teries in order to reset it Firmware can be upgraded and downgraded directly using the CF card SD2 s LEDs will indicate the progress of the upgrade and signal when complete DOWNLOADING THE CONTENTS OF THE CD Create a folder on the hard drive of your PC and manually copy the contents of the CD into it Create shortcuts on your desktop to programs that you regularly use such as CFCread and AnalookW see FILE MANAGEMENT AND ARCHIVING for further information Install the USB drivers for the SD2 on your PC USB DRIVER INSTALLATION FOR THE SD2 Similar to the Computer Serial Port the USB port on the side of the SD2 can also be used to connect the detector to a PC or PDA However you must install the USB drivers on your PC first The USB Drivers are provided on the distribution CD Note that there are two different USB drivers One is for your PC so the SD2 can connect to the PC with CFCread or AnalookW All users will need to install this The other is for your PDA HP IPAQ 21x series and only needs to be installed if the SD2 will be connected to a PDA via USB Instructions for the installation of the PC to SD2 USB driver are given below while instructions for the PDA to SD2 USB driver are in the ACTIVE MONITORING WITH A PDA section of this manual To install the PC to SD2 USB driver on computers running MS Windows XP follow the steps below 1 Turn on the SD2 and connect it to your PC via the USB port MS Windows
115. the SDI New Features USB port Used to connect the SD2 to a PC or PDA However you must install the USB drivers first provided on the CD Digital I O port Used to connect the SD2 to external equipment such as weather station and is configured to switch the 502 on or off remotely Can also be used to sense when the SD2 Is recording Power Ability to The serial port on the SD2 has the ability to supply power supply power via on pin 9 which comes from the four AA batteries in the serial port detector This allows Bluetooth modules that draw power from the serial port to be used with the detector Diagnostic log files Each time the SD2 is turned on it creates a file in a log directory 1 MB on the CF card These log files record all of the events which occur while the detector is switched on such as the buttons pressed operating modes time parameters set errors which occurred and so on These log files are very useful for diagnosing problems CF card errors Changes Data Div 4 No Reset button Firmware upgrade procedure Different errors occurring with the CF card are indicated by the ERROR LED flashing in combination with other LEDs on the front panel of the bat detector Data division ratio 4 has been restored The SD2 does not have a hard reset button like the SD1 If the SD2 is by accident not operated in accordance with the user manual and the SD2 freezes as a result then you will have to remove the bat
116. thod for determining relative activity of free flying bats using new activity index for acoustic monitoring Acta Chiropterologica 3 93 105 Gorresen P M Miles A C Toad C M Bonaccorso F J and Weller T J 2008 Assessing bat detect ability and occupancy with multiple automated echolocation detectors Journal of Mammalogy 89 11 17 Milne D J Armstrong M Fisher A Flores T and R P C 2004 comparison of three survey methods for collecting bat echolocation calls and species accumulation rates from nightly Anabat recordings Wildlife Research 31 57 63 108
117. tific for help information and firmware upgrades http www titley scientific com Chris Corben s website for upgrades amp useful info www hoarybat com Titley Scientific website www ftitley scientific com Zero crossings and other sound analysis techniques Corben C 2002 Zero crossings analysis for bat identification an overview In Bat echolocation research tools techniques and analyses Eds R M Brigham E V Kalko Jones S Parsons and H J G A Limpens pp 95 107 Bat Conservation International Austin Tex Messina T 2002 Frequency division A technical overview In Bat echolocation research tools techniques and analyses Eds R M Brigham E K V Kalko G Jones S Parsons and H J G A Limpens pp 89 90 Bat Conservation International Austin Tex Ihe eBook Bat echolocation research tools techniques and analysis mentioned above can be brought from Batcatalog com on the Bat Conservation International website There are a number of other interesting chapters in the book too Comparison of detection vs capture techniques Duffy A M Lumsden L F Caddle C R Chick R R and Newell G R 2000 The efficacy of AnaBat ultrasonic detectors and harp traps for surveying microchiropterans in south eastern Australia Acta Chiropterologica 2 127 144 Hourigan C L Catterall C P Jones D and Rhodes M 2008 A comparison of bat detector and harp trap effectiveness for surv
118. to configure the CF card to operate during set time periods such as dusk Till dawn each night or for several hours after sunset This will conserve battery power and CF card storage space You can also program the detector to delay the start of your monitoring session For example you may want the detector to record nightly but not until one week after deployment The delayed start mode is a legacy feature and is not necessary in most cases now that data storage capobilities have increased The CFCread program is used to set Delayed Start or Monitoring Begins and Ends times on the CF card DELAYED START MONITORING BEGINS ENDS TIME PARAMETERS If only a Start delayed till time parameter is programmed on the CF card when correctly setup in the field the detector will enter low power Sleep mode The detector will remain in Sleep mode until the Start delayed till date and time lapses after which the detector will enter Record mode and continue monitoring until switched off If Start delayed fill is used in conjunction with Monitoring begins at and Monitoring ends at times the detector will remain in low power Standby mode as described below until the Start delayed till time lapses If Monitoring begins at and Monitoring ends at time parameters are programmed onto the CF card then the AnaBat SD2 Bat Detector will record data between the Monitoring be
119. ts calls are recorded over large distances and or multiple transects in one evening GPS fixes are stored on the CF card recording the route travelled and are embedded in each AnaBat file saved during the sampling session This data can be used to map vehicle transects or routes and locations bats were recorded on your sampling sessions using programs like Google Earth or can be imported into CIS programs for more advanced spatial data analyses Titley sells Mouse GPS to facilitate the efficient location data collection Microphone collar Green Hi microphone Orientation knob Plunger amp red line indicator Release tabs Vacuum pad Car Mount for Passive Monitoring from a vehicle 40 Serial port cable GPS receiver Mouse GPS unit To setup the SD2 system for Passive Monitoring from a vehicle Refer to car mount and GPS diagrams above as necessary 1 Attach a green Hi microphone to car mount if not already attached Grip collar and unscrew counter clockwise attach the microphone and screw the collar back on To attach the car mount firmly to the roof of the vehicle a b c Place the car mount on the front passenger side of the roof d It is recommended that you wash the roof area free of debris because the car mount has a vacuum base Remove the cover from the base of the vacuum pad Depress the plunger repeatedly until the red indicator line is no longer visible This will evacuate air fr
120. u recorded bats you will need to generate both Track point and Waypoint files We show you how to map your data using GPS Utility and Google Earth as examples after converting your GPS ABG file below The following steps will convert the GPS ABG file create a Track point text file 1 Make sure you have downloaded the BatFiles folder from you PDA It will contain any AnaBat files you recorded plus the GSP abg file Make sure you save them into a single folder on the hard drive of your PC Make 59 sure you erased the GPS ABG from the PDA after downloading and copying it to a final destination as any future track will be appended to the end of the existing file 2 Open AndlookW version 3 5h onwards the Menu bar click File Open Select the folder with the AnaBat files and GPS abg file you wish to convert and map 3 To convert the GPS abg file for compatibility with GPS Utility or Microsoft Excel Click Tools Converter You will see a list of options available Choose the option which will convert the file to a text format compatible with the program you will use to map the GPS data Select GPS GPSU for GPS Utility or GPS Excel for Microsoft Excel 4 To convert the GPS abg file for compatibility with Google Earth Click File Make GPS file Start Folder is automatically set to the folder which is currently displayed in AnalookW To double check or change the folder click Change in the GPS file maker
121. ware is being programmed e DATA DIV 4 The new firmware has successfully been programmed 7 If the upgrade is successful a distinct 4 tone sound is played and the SD2 will re boot If the upgrade was unsuccessful a low pitch tone is played Indicating one of the steps has failed and the upgrade has been aborted but the SD2 will re boot and run normally Check the latest log to identify the cause of failure If ALL the LEDs on the SD2 start flashing and it will not exit the boot loader One of the steps has failed AFTER the existing firmware has been erased and the upgrade has been aborted DO NOT DISCONNECT POWER Eject the CF card from the SD2 Check the firmware hax file is ok and look at the latest log on the CF card to identify the cause of the failure If not you could try using a different CF card to do the firmware upgrade Re insert the CF card with the firmware hax and the upgrade procedure will restart 8 Toreset the SD2 press the POWER button twice to turn it off and on again Make sure you do this before deploying the detector to make sure the detector is functioning correctly The flow diagram on the following page describes each step in the firmware upgrade process for SD2s with firmware v4053 or later 93 SD2 Boot process SAVE button Held down Enter Bootloader Boot Mode LEDs flash twice Play positive RECORD Tone STANDBY STATUS Audio and Data
122. waypoints 2 Run Google Earth and wait for it to complete the start up process 3 Import the GPX file Click File Open select Files of type GPS gpx loc Browse to the GPSfolder gpx file you wish to import and double click that filename 4 Google Earth will now display the Track and locations bat were recorded during your Active Monitoring session Google Earth will rotate the globe and zoom so your entire track fits into the display You can then change numerous aspects of the display to make it show up the features you want 64 For example you can change the size colour and type of symbols used to display waypoints rename and choose which waypoints you want displayed To limit the number of bat records or waypoints displayed This is useful if you recorded large numbers of AnaBat sequence files during your Active Monitoring session Copy the files you want into a new folder copy the GPS ABG file into the new folder generate a new GPSfolder gpx file and import it into Google Earth To display different species In the species field of the text header label all or some of the AnaBat files in your original folder with the species identified in those files Disperse the files into a new set of folders one for each species and copy the GPS ABG file into each of the sub folders Generate a new GPSfolder gpx file for each species of interest and import those GPX files into Google Earth separately USING
123. will save power by disabling all tunctions including all LEDs except the ERROR LED until the Delayed Start or Monitoring Begins time lapses when it will wakeup When the bat detector enters Record mode during the monitoring period the loudspeaker and LEDs will remain disabled to save power and reduce the conspicuousness of the unit see OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES for more information Some Error messages in the CFCread program Error Bad Input File message The input must be DATA DAT file This error will also occur if there is corruption in the DATA DAT file such as a sector missing and CFCread does not recognise the file as a DAT file Non sequential Sector Number message 102 In each sector in the DATA DAT file all AnaBats write a sector number and the time at which the sector was written If you get a Non sequential Sector Number error it indicates a number of sectors have become unreadable due to major file corruption on the CF card This can also happen if the DATA DAT file is fragmented That is why it is important to initialise a CF card just after a format and not use a CF card that was used to store other files previously If you plan to reuse SD1 CF cards in an SD2 you should re format and re initialise them with CFCread 4 3r or later first If a Non sequential Sector Number error occurs running Diskfixer might helo because it scans the whole card looking for sectors out of order Se
124. ximum current that will flow when it is connected to Common is 2mA There are defined voltage and current limits which this output port supports so before using this output port please contact Titley Scientific for the details required to use this output port otherwise damage to the SD2 may occur 502 BASIC OPERATION This procedure will put the detector into Forced Record mode In this mode any ultrasonic signals detected by the SD2 will be saved automatically and the detector will operate continuously until the CF card is full the bat detector is switched off or power is lost see OVERVIEW OF OPERATING MODES 1 Provide power to the detector Via 4x AA batteries or an external 12V battery Insert initialised CF card You will need to use the CFCread program fo initialise the CF card It is important that no timing parameters are set at this stage see the section on HOW TO INITIALISE CF CARDS for details Press POWER button When the detector is ready the RECORD and STATUS LEDs will be lit The time taken for the detector to boot up will vary with the CF card size and the amount of existing data stored on the card Select required division ratios DATA DIV and AUDIO DIV See the section on WHICH DATA AND AUDIO DIVISION RATIOS for details if you are unsure Adjust volume Press the UP or DOWN arrow buttons Adjust sensitivity Set the sensitivity to maximum If noise is continuou
125. y control Given all the above it is obvious that detection distances will vary enormously Many bats are easily detected over 30m under typical conditions while some species which call at low frequencies may be detectable from as far as 100m However some species will be hard to detect from even Im away This is why only relative rather than direct statistical comparisons of bat activity are made between species Further information on detection distances and the calculation of detection fields and distances can be obtained from the AnaVolumes program Q How does AnaBat decide what is and isn t a bat call A The AnaBat detector unit itself does not decide what is and isn t a bat call All ultrasonic signals detected by the AnaBat are saved to the DATA DAT on the CF card It is the CFCread program or AnaPocket on the PDA which decides what are bat calls An ultrasonic signal must meet certain criteria before it is recognised as a bat call These criteria depend on the MaxIBC Min Line Length and Smooth parameters These parameters can be changed in the download options window of CFCread when downloading data or on the Record page under Options in the AnaPocket menu While this will affect the AnaBat sequence files produced it will not change the raw data file CFCread automatically downloads from the CF card Thus you can feed the raw data file through CFCread again with different settings if you wish Smooth
126. yed till Activate Monitoring Begins and Ends at Activate Monitoring begins at Monitoring ends at Port 3 Get ID Close Comm port ready m Status Initialise CF Choose Input File Download TimeZone Check card Start delayed 01 Jan 2000 06 00 Activate Initialise CF Monitoring Begins and Ends at Activate Monitoring begins 18 00 00 Monitoring ends at Erase Time Set Check Pert 3 4 Open Get ID See m Status Quit Set Quit Output PIC Firmware 40539 Alternatively your most recent log file in the log directory of your CF card will have the firmware version written in it 91 HOW UPGRADE FIRMWARE From time to time new firmware versions will become available to add new features or fix bugs SD2 firmware is upgraded using your CF card The SD2 can also downgrade to earlier firmware versions providing you use a valid firmware hax file If you have multiple bat detectors in the field it may be worth keeping one CF card separate for firmware upgrades Once the upgrade is complete you can then switch the CF cards back over WARNING Disconnecting power or removing the CF card unless advised to from the SD2 during the firmware upgrade can cause the firmware to only load partially and the SD2 will need to be returned to Titley Scientific to be reprogramm
127. your Bluetooth module Enter your pin code or passkey in the pop up Bluetooth Authentication window OK The standard passkey for the Bluetooth module is 1234 i Bluetooth Mar Bluetooth Shortcuts 10 00 X Shortcuts Active Connections Menu 10 Your PDA is now connected to the SD2 via the Bluetooth module Green arrows should appear on your Bluetooth module icon j Bluetooth Mar Bluetooth Shortcuts Y E 10 00 X Clare 1048 Dey Shortcuts Active Connections Menu 9 11 Check everything is functioning correctly Run AnaPocket select record and connect to your Bluetooth COM port If the connection is made then the SD2 will enter Record mode indicated by the Record LED Rub your fingers in front of the microphone the data noise should be visible on the AnaPocket screen AnaPocket may have difficulty finding the ZCAIM COM port for the first time and a window will pop up for you to select the correct COM port Make sure the correct COM port is ticked If you don t know which COM port is the correct one tick all of the ports then tap Search ports and AnaPocket will automatically find the correct port AnaPocket ME 1 32 ZCAIM last found on Port 1 Search ports May take a while Search 1 M2 M3 M4 vis Me 7 8 Status
128. your PDA to connect via Bluetooth see USING BLUETOOTH MODULES WITH THE SD2 AND PDA in this manual ANAPOCKET AND PDA TO SD2 USB DRIVER INSTALLATION The following steps will show you how to install AnaPocket 3 0c and the USB driver for the PDA or alternatively just the USB driver for the PDA if you already have AnaPocket 3 0c or later installed If you have an earlier version of AnaPocket installed then you will have to delete it before installing the new version To do this open File Explorer from the Start menu and delete the file AnaPocket exe located in WindowsNStart Menu Programs folder If you receive an ERROR DELETING FILE message when attempting to delete an existing copy of the AnaPocket program then AnaPocket is still running on your PDA When you press the X in the top right hand corner of some programs in Mobile the default action is to just minimise the window not close the program like it does in MS Windows on your PC So to stop AnaPocket totally select File gt Exit in AnaPocket when you want to close it If you have the MS Windows Mobile Today screen up select the icon which looks like memory chips and then select the Running Programs tab You can then select the program you want to stop from the list and click the Stop tab 1 Copy the appropriate CAB file from the Distribution CD onto your PDA To Install the PDA to SD2 USB driver AND AnaPocket 3 0c on the PDA copy the AnaPocket v3 0c and USB device driver CAB

Anabat SD2 User Manual V1.8

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