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J2-3093-3, AutoMax Ladder Language Editor

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1. Close the Editor Press ALT F4 B 1 Appendix C Using the Pre Defined Reserved Ladder Language Variables The Editor contains pre defined variables that you can use in an individual ladder program to execute logic based on a Processor scan specify how to handle error conditions check scan time execution The pre defined ladder language variables are local variables which you can use for ladder instruction parameters Their names are reserved and appear in the choices offered by the Variable Smart Matching option Using the Pre Defined Program Scan Variables Use the following Boolean variables to execute logic based on the Processor s scan Only use these variables for input parameters read only e first scan Use this variable to execute logic during a program s first scan This variable is true during the initial scan of the ladder rung and false during all other scans second scan Use this variable to execute logic during a program s second scan This variable is true during the second scan of the ladder rung and false during all others e last scan Use this variable to execute logic during a program s last scan This variable is true on the final pass of the ladder rung after you have selected TASK STOP This variable is not set when a STOP ALL error occurs To use the last scan variable your program scan must be less than 0 5 seconds IMPORTANT Do not use the last scan variab
2. DATA and SHIFT parameters The rung is converted into a MOVE were not programmed in the old instruction and a warning is posted in the instruction file UPDATE LOG or program name LOG F2 Warnings and Errors Correcting Ladder Program Conversion This section lists some of the warning messages generated when you convert an old ladder program to a V4 0 or later program and describes what you can do to fix them The messages are posted in the file UPDATE LOG or program name LOG Message What the message means Resolution In old Rung number xx new Rung number xx the old global preset variable is no longer used The variable assigned to the PN parameter in the old timer or counter instruction was a global integer variable To use a global variable as a timer or counter preset define the timer or counter data structure as a global double integer array by using the Variable Configurator For more information about preset values see About Timer Variables and About Counter Variables In old Rung number xx new Rung number xx the old global current value variable is used The variable assigned to the CN parameter in the old timer or counter instruction was a global integer variable To use a global variable to store a timer s or counter s current value define the timer or counter data structure as a global double integer array by using the Variable Configurator For
3. The Program Properties dialog box contains three tabs Use this tab For Program Info viewing information about the program Scan Info defining how the program should be scanned and the program s scan time Error Log viewing the online error log To access Program Properties from the File menu Step 1 Make sure no rung or instruction is selected Step 2 From the File menu choose Properties The Program Properties dialog box is displayed To access Program Properties from the pop up menu Step 1 Make sure no rung or instruction is selected and position the mouse in the program s grid area away from any instruction or wire Step 2 Press the right mouse button A pop up menu is displayed Step 3 From the pop up menu choose Properties The Program Properties dialog box is displayed See the AutoMax Enhanced Ladder Language Reference manual J2 3094 for how to interpret the entries in the error log See section 1 11 below for defining program scan time About Program Execution Programs can execute by being scanned or event driven An event is a flag or indicator that one program can set or raise and another program can wait for Scanned programs execute based on the scan time in ticks you define For a ladder program you can define how often you want the program to execute by defining scan time in ticks The actual scan time of a program is determined by this formula scan time ms
4. AutoMax window 1 1 C Coil Off trigger 5 14 Coil On trigger 5 14 Commit command 5 7 Constants assigning to instruction parameters 2 10 D Data display 5 6 E events 1 8 1 9 G Global variables 2 14 Glossary G 1 Instruction palettes anchoring A 5 moving A 4 L Local variables 2 14 Monitor PC Program command 5 4 Index P Page breaks 3 7 Page setup defining 3 5 Power flow 5 5 freezing or capturing 5 13 Print options setting 3 4 Printing defining page setup 3 5 how Editor prints rungs 3 6 multiple copies 3 8 page breaks 3 7 components of printout 3 2 range of rungs 3 7 right justifying coils 3 8 setting print options 3 4 Programs closing 1 3 converting older F 1 data display in online 5 6 displaying in multiple windows 1 4 displaying in split window 1 5 editing 2 1 exiting the Editor 1 8 editing multiple 1 5 from the Editor 1 6 from the Task Manager 1 5 editing online 5 1 accepting changes 5 6 cancelling changes 5 10 comparing with unedited program 5 12 verifying changes 5 11 changes you can make 5 1 downloading changes 5 7 memory limits D 1 open using Monitor PC Program 5 4 pausing the Editor 5 5 removing program 5 10 saving in test mode 5 9 testing programs 5 9 execution 1 7 opening 1 2 power flow in online 5 5 printing see Printing 3 1 properties 1 7 running and stopping ladder 1 8 saving 1 3 saving automatic
5. Draw a selection box around the rung by moving the mouse diagonally across the rung You cannot draw a selection box to encompass more than one rung Tip If the rung you are selecting extends beyond the screen display you can scroll the screen to display the remaining rung logic by extending the selection box against any side of the program window Step 4 Once the rung is enclosed in the box release the mouse button The rung is now selected To select multiple contiguous rungs by dragging the mouse Press and hold the mouse button in the rung status area and drag the mouse in either direction up or down to select additional rungs To select multiple contiguous rungs by selecting the first and last rung Step 1 Select a rung Step 2 Scroll the screen as necessary to display the last rung you want to select Step 3 Hold down SHIFT and select the last rung by clicking in the rung status area next to the rung To select all the rungs in a program e From the Edit menu choose Select All or e Press CTRL A or e From the program window pop up menu choose Select All 2 3 2 3 2 4 Entering Rung Descriptions Rung descriptions help you document the program s logic so that others can understand the function of each rung and help make troubleshooting easier Rung descriptions can contain a maximum of 16 lines with each line containing a maximum of 80 characters of text You must turn on rung descriptions to v
6. The changes are downloaded to the Processor as a group To download changes made to an online program commit Step 1 Accept the changes to an online program See Accepting Changes Made to Online Programs section 5 6 The Editor displays the Commit Online Changes dialog box Step2 From the Commit Online Changes dialog box choose one of the following Choose To this Result button Send the accepted online Commit The online changes are verified See changes to the Processor About How Changes Made to Online and install them Programs are Verified section 5 9 for more information Once the changes are successfully verified they are downloaded to the Processor Send the accepted online Test Mode The online changes are verified See changes to the Processor About How Changes Made to Online and temporarily install Programs are Verified section 5 9 them for more information Once the changes are successfully verified they are temporarily downloaded to the Processor The program is placed into Test Mode so that you can see how your changes perform before they are permanently installed in the Processor See Testing Programs Test Mode section 5 8 for more information Cancel the Commit process Cancel The Commit Online Changes dialog and return to editing the box disappears You can resume online program editing the online program Your current modifications are unaffected When you are
7. or array var index name bit name THE SET AND FORCE FUNCTIONS BYPASS CONTROL OF THE APPLICATION PROCESS BY THE APPLICATION PROGRAMS IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER TO DETERMINE THE POTENTIAL HAZARDS INVOLVED FAILURE TO OBSERVE THESE PRECAUTIONS COULD RESULT IN BODILY INJURY VARIABLES AND OUTPUTS THAT ARE FORCED BEFORE AC POWER IS LOST WILL REMAIN FORCED WHEN AC POWER IS RESTORED SHOULD AC POWER BE LOST WHILE VARIABLES ARE FORCED THE USER MUST ENSURE THAT UNEXPECTED MACHINE MOVEMENT DOES NOT OCCUR WHEN AC POWER IS RESTORED FAILURE TO OBSERVE THESE PRECAUTIONS COULD RESULT IN BODILY INJURY 5 16 About Setting a Variable To set a variable is to write a value to it that can be over written by an instruction in the same program another program referencing the same variable or an external device if the variable is mapped to an input It is possible for a variable that is set to be over written on the next scan of the program Forced values cannot be set The Editor stores and displays up to 64 set variables for the current editing session The Editor does not store the list of set variables after the current editing session has been completed When you set a variable it is added to the bottom of the list Once the 65th variable is added to the set list the variable present at the top of the set list is removed from the list Duplicate entries are removed from the list When setting variables that use variable initializatio
8. would be displayed in decimal e For element indexed array variables array element the value displayed is that of the element Accepting Changes Made to Online Programs After editing an online program you must approve the changes before the Editor can download them to the Processor by using the Online menu s Accept command You can accept modified added or deleted rungs either individually or as a group You can also reject any change Rejected changes are not recoverable You do not have to accept changes to an online program that are made through the Set Force Unforce dialog box or that caused the initial value of a variable to be changed because these changes take effect immediately To accept or reject changes made to an online program Step 1 When you are finished editing an online program do one of the following Choose Accept from the Online menu or e Click on The first edited rung is highlighted and displayed along with the Accept Online Changes Dialog box Step 2 From the Accept Online Changes dialog box perform one of the following actions Choose To this Result button Approve the displayed Accept The next edited rung is displayed rung for you to accept Approve all the rungs Accept All The Commit Online Changes dialog that you added box is displayed You can deleted or modified immediately download the changes to the Processor or temporarily download the changes to t
9. 2 Appendix E Rung Execution Order In a ladder logic program the rungs are executed from the top to the bottom Within a rung instructions are executed left to right until a branch is encountered Therefore in a program without branches the instructions are executed left to right in a rung with the first rung being executed first and the last rung executed last Keep in mind that using JMP instructions within a ladder program changes the rung execution sequence For more information about using the JMP and LBL instructions see the AutoMax Enhanced Ladder Language Reference manual J2 3094 Using branching techniques in a rung changes the sequence in which the instructions are executed Parallel branches are executed from the bottom up This means that the bottom branch is executed first and the top branch last How branches are executed are listed below Branching technique 1 Connecting contacts or block instructions acting as inputs in parallel OR condition oR ut Inl Inz How the branches are executed How parallel branches of input instructions execute depend upon whether e The relay input instructions use simple variables bit indexed integer double integer variables or element indexed array variables e Block instructions are used in a parallel branch This table summarizes how parallel branches of inputs are executed E 1 If a parallel branch The instructions are executed as follows contains
10. List fills the parameters within the Current Selection group box with the information for the variable About the Expanded Set Force Unforce Dialog Box Additional options not available in the basic Set Force Unforce Variables dialog box can be displayed by clicking More in the dialog box Use the resulting expanded dialog for e Viewing the Total Number of Forced Variables e Viewing a List of Set or Forced Variables e Unforcing an Entire Force Page You can toggle back and forth between the basic and expanded dialog boxes using the More and Less buttons Viewing the Total Number of Forced Variables The Forced Variables group in the expanded Set Force Unforce variables dialog box allows you to view the total number of forced variables Total Forced which can be a maximum of 64 The total forced is useful if you want to force a large number of variables and need to keep track of how many more you can force or need to determine if forced variables are present on other force pages Viewing a List of Set or Forced Variables You can view a list of set or forced variables in the list box of the expanded Set Force Unforce dialog box To view a list of set or forced variables Step 1 Make sure an online program window is open Step 2 From the Online menu choose Set Force Unforce The Set Force Unforce dialog box is displayed Step3 Click More Step4 Inthe expanded Set Force Unforce dialog box click Set Variables or Forced V
11. are flags generated by other programs Software events can be set by BASIC control block or ladder programs For information about programming software events see your programming language s instruction manual and section 1 11 3 Specifying a Scan Time To Control Program Execution For a ladder program you can define how often you want the program to execute by defining scan time in ticks The actual scan time of a program is determined by this formula scan time ms tick rate of the Processor module number of ticks Define the scan time by using the Scan Info tab under Program Properties To define how often you want your program to execute Step 1 Access Program Properties Make sure no rung or instruction is selected and choose Properties from the File menu Step 2 Choose the Scan Info tab Step 3 Select Scanned for the Scan Mode Step 4 In the Scan Time ticks field enter the number of ticks you want to use Enter a value from 1 to 32767 The default value is 20 For example if you want a program to execute every 30 ms and the Processor has a tick rate of 3 ms enter 10 in the Scan Time field Step 5 Click OK to accept the changes Specifying a Hardware Event To Control Program Execution Hardware events are generated by an external condition such as a digital input or a programmed hardware event from a Resolver module Specify the hardware event that triggers a program s execution by using the Scan
12. descriptions e only rung descriptions e variable descriptions e instruction cross reference program cross reference e multiple copies of a program The ladder diagram prints out on the default printer you have defined for the computer Make sure that this printer is connected and the proper print driver is installed See the Windows 95 documentation for more information You can print a program by choosing e the Print button from the Standard toolbar e Print from the File menu To print a program from the Standard toolbar Step 1 Make sure that the program you want to print is in the active program window Step 2 Choose To print a program using the Print command Step 1 Make sure that the program you want to print is in the active program window Step2 Do one of the following e From the File menu choose Print or e Press CTRL P The Print dialog box appears You can use the Print dialog box to change the number of pages page orientation or set new print options 3 1 Step 3 Use this table to help you with your next steps To Do the following print all the rungs in In the Print Range box select All the program print only the rungs In the Print Range box select within a selected Selected Rungs range print more than one Enter or select the number of copy of the program copies using Copies define page margins Choose Page Setup define other print Choose Options optio
13. e Timer Pulse TP Shift Move e Shift Left SL e Circular Rotate Bits Right ROR e Shift Right SR e Move Bits Between Integers and e Circular Rotate Bits Left ROL Double Integers MVB e Circular Rotate Bits Left on e Move Source Data to Destination Transition RL MOVE e Circular Rotate Bits Right on e Masked Move MVM Transition RR Comparison e Equal To EQ e Less Than LT e Greater Than Or Equal To GE e Limit LIMIT e Greater Than GT e Mask Compare MSK Less Than Or Equal To LE e Not Equal To NE A 3 A 4 Math e Absolute Value ABS e Subtract SUB e Add ADD Logical AND AND e Divide DIV e Logical NOT NOT e Modulo MOD e Logical OR OR e Multiply MUL Logical Exclusive XOR XOR e Multiply Divide MDV e Convert Integer Data to BCD e Negate NEG TO BCD e Square Root SQRT e Convert From BCD to Integer Data BCD TO Arrays e Unary Array Operations AR1 e Array Shift Down ASD e Multi Array Operations AR2 e Array Shift Up ASU Array Compare ARC Miscellaneous e Set Event SET e O Write IOW e Jump JMP e Immediate Input IN e Label LBL e Immediate Output OUT e O Read IOR A 4 Moving Toolbars and Palettes You can move the standard and ladder language toolbars and the instruction and paste palettes from their default position to any location to suit your working style You can move a toolbar or palette to any edge of the screen where it becomes anchored
14. finished editing you must begin the Accept process again 5 8 5 8 5 8 1 Testing Programs Test Mode Selecting Test Mode from the Commit Online Changes dialog box places the program in the Test Mode state which provides you with an opportunity to make sure that the changes you made work properly before you permanently install them in the Processor Once a program is in Test Mode you can e commit the online changes which permanently installs the program in the Processor see section 5 8 1 for more information e take the program out of Test Mode which allows you to resume editing the program with your current modifications unaffected see section 5 8 2 for more information e cancel all changes While a program is in Test Mode you cannot make any changes to it or download a configuration to a rack To place an online program in Test Mode Step 1 After editing an online program choose Accept from the Online menu Step 2 Accept the online changes Step3 From the Commit Online Changes dialog box choose the Test Mode button The online changes are verified See About How Changes Made to Online Programs are Verified section 5 9 for more information If the changes are successfully verified they are installed in the Processor To make the changes permanent you must commit them Committing an Online Program in Test Mode Commit Changes in Test Mode Once a program is in Test Mode and you are s
15. is a variable name table and a rung number table When only a range of rungs is selected the program cross reference is still printed and provides references for the entire program Choose any print options on the Print Options Tab which you can access from the Tools menu or from the Print dialog box These items are printed by default e rungs e variable and rung descriptions program and instruction cross references 3 3 To define the print options Step 1 Access the Print Option Tab by choosing e Options from the Tools menu and then the Print Tab or e the Options button on the Print dialog box Step 2 Choose the items you wish to print when you print a program Your choices are listed within the Print What group box Step3 Click OK The options you choose apply to any program that you print Tip s return to using the default print options select the Use Defaults utton Defining the Page Setup You can change the page margins for the paper copies of the programs that you print The default margins are top and bottom margins 1 inch left and right margins 0 5 inches Once you set the page margins they apply to all subsequent programs that you print To set the page margins for the programs that you print Step 1 Do one of the following Click on or e From the File menu choose Print or e Press CTRL P Step 2 At the Print dialog box choose Page Setup Step 3 Enter t
16. like a blank canvas you drag instructions from the instruction palettes and drop them in the program area But first you must start a rung by dragging an instruction from an instruction palette and dropping it very near the left power rail To help make inserting instructions easier the insert cursor indicates when and in which direction you can drop an instruction See section 2 1 for more information on starting a rung When dropped into the rung the instructions indicate where you can attach another instruction or wire Contact instructions have connections on either side but coil instructions can only connect to another instruction on the left side For instruction blocks like ADD you can connect other instructions to the longer lines These longer lines attach to Boolean input and output parameters An inserted instruction belongs to the rung above it if the newly inserted instruction does not start a rung To insert instructions into a rung Step 1 Click on the Ladder Language toolbar button that accesses the instruction palette you want to use The instruction palette appears Step2 Point to the instruction you want to insert Step 3 Press and hold the left mouse button while dragging the instruction into the program area Step 4 When the pointer is where you want the upper left corner of the instruction to be release the left mouse button dropping the instruction into place If you drop an instruction very nea
17. more information about current values see About Timer Variables and About Counter Variables In old Rung number xx new Rung number xx a preset variable is used that was also used on another rung In older ladder programs you could use the same preset variable on multiple timers or counters in the same program Now each timer or counter instruction in a program must have a unique data structure assigned to it To use the same preset variable on multiple timers or counters add MOVE instructions to copy the preset value from one of the timer counter data structures to another timer counter data structure F 3 Accept Appendix G Glossary To approve the edit made to an online program Rungs that have been added deleted or modified must be accepted and verified before they can be downloaded to a Processor Bit indexed variable A variable referencing a bit within an integer Commit or double integer variable For example pump 15 references bit 15 within the integer variable pump To allow the Editor to verify and download changes made to an online program You must accept online changes before you can commit them You can commit online changes immediately after you accept them or while the program is in Test Mode Data Structure Data structures contain a collection of Boolean and double integer data and are used for the timer and counter data types Element indexed v
18. one instruction in the rung for which you want to set a trigger See Selecting Rungs section 2 2 or Selecting Instructions section 2 7 for more information Step 2 From the Online menu select Capture Trigger Move the mouse to the right to display the Capture Trigger menu Step 3 From the Capture Trigger menu choose Rung Error When a run time error occurs for an instruction in a rung T is displayed in the status area and power flow stops updating The state of the rung when the error occurs is displayed until the trigger is reset or cleared Waiting for Triggers While Continuing To Edit You can wait for triggers while continuing to work with the Editor After setting any triggers you can minimize the program s window or open a new window for the program You can also display triggers in a program using two computers Use one computer to set and display the triggers for an online program while using another computer to monitor the program including scrolling through the same online program Re Activating a Trigger You can reset an activated trigger on a selected rung This re initializes a rung s frozen trigger To re activate a trigger Step 1 Select the rung or at least one instruction in the rung containing the trigger you want to reset See Selecting Rungs section 2 2 or Selecting Instructions section 2 7 for more information Step 2 From the Online menu select Capture Trigger Move the mous
19. relay input instructions The logic is executed starting at the last parallel using simple variables branch and going up the branches until a true row is encountered Once a true row is encountered any branches remaining above the true branch will not be executed relay input instructions All parallel branches are executed starting with bit indexed integer or the last branch and working up the parallel double integer variables or branches element indexed array variables Branching technique 2 Connecting a logical sequence of instructions composed of inputs and an output in parallel to a rung I ki x Y t 1 How the branches are executed Parallel branches made up of a sequence of instructions composed of inputs and an output are executed as follows e Each branch is fully executed before the main rung e Multiple parallel branches are executed from the bottom up Branching technique 3 Connecting one or more coils parallel to a rung m n n If a How the branches are executed Parallel branches comprised of coils are executed as follows Logic preceding the branched coil is executed followed by the branched coils The bottom coil of the branch is executed first and the top coil of the branch is executed last e Once the branched coils have been executed the remaining logic of the main rung is executed Programming Techniques The relay output instructions coils and the outputs of block instr
20. the default If no variable was selected the last variable forced is the default Step 5 In the Value State field enter the value or state to force For Booleans enter true false T F on off 1 or 0 You can enter either decimal or hexadecimal values for non Boolean variables Step 6 Select the force page 1 4 on which to store the variable using the arrows in the Force Page field Specifying the force page lets you control how forced variables are grouped Variables grouped on one force page can be unforced at the same time Step 7 Click Force to force the variable Forced variables change to the color you specified on the Colors tab The default color for forced variables is red 5 19 5 12 3 5 20 Tip To quickly fill in the Program and Variable Name field for a local variable you want to force select the variable in the program before choosing the Set Force Unforce command Selecting a global variable in the program before choosing the Set Force Unforce command fills in the Variable Name field in the Set Force Unforce dialog box Tip Selecting a variable from the Force Variables List fills the parameters within the Current Selection group box with the information for the variable Tip You can also view the force table in the Expanded Set Force Unforce dialog box Unforcing Variables Unforcing a variable allows it to be written to by any of the following e another instruction in the program e anot
21. the program objects you have selected the state of the program in the active window and helpful messages Refer to Appendix A for more information about the toolbars instruction palettes and the status bar Opening Programs Opening a program is the first step in editing it Before you can open a program you must have added it to the rack using the Task Manager application You can open a program from the Task Manager application or from the AutoMax Ladder Editor To open a program from within the Task Manager application e From the Task Manager application select a task and choose Edit from the Task menu To open a program from within the Editor Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Do one of the following e Click on or e From the Ladder Editor s File menu choose Open The Open dialog box is displayed Choose the location of the file that you want to open The default drive and directory is the drive and directory from which a program was last opened To change this Do this The drive and directory in which to search Click in the Look in list box From here choose the drive and directory that contains the program you want to open The directory in which to search Click on a folder or on a file in the list of files and folders contained within a directory From the list of file names select the program you want to open The default file type is ladder programs pc
22. tick rate of the Processor module number of ticks You define the tick rate for the Processor module when you add it to your rack configuration By changing the tick rate you can change the time base for program execution This allows you to run a program based on a unit of your choice You can set the tick rate in increments of 0 5 ms between 0 5 ms and 10 0 ms The default value is 5 5 ms The tick rate is defined separately for each Processor in a rack For more information see section 1 11 1 Event driven programs can be controlled by either hardware events or software events When an event driven is first started run the program executes once to completion After this initial execution the program then waits for the designated event to occur If you have program logic that you do not want to run during the initial execution of the program use the pre defined first scan variable An example is shown here 1 7 1 11 1 1 11 2 first scan pump 1 valve 1 Ic Hardware events are generated by an external condition These AutoMax modules can set a hardware event e UDC module 57652 e Pulse Tach Input module 57C421 e Resolver Input module 57C411 e 2 Channel Analog Input module 57C409 e 32 Bit Digital Input module 570419 However hardware events cannot be used on the AutoMax PC3000 See a module s instruction manual for information about interrupts For more information see section 1 11 2 Software events
23. to be used by the instruction For example the default type for a variable name entered for a relay instruction is Boolean But for a JMP the default type is label For most block instructions the default type for input and output parameters is integer When you enter an element indexed variable a default maximum array index is automatically assigned which you can later change in the Variable Properties The scope of the variable is determined by the case of the first letter of the variable name you type If the letter is upper case the variable defaults to being a global variable If the letter is lower case the variable defaults to being a local variable To assign variables or constants to ladder instruction parameters Step 1 Select the instruction for which you want to assign variables The variable name field appears as a dotted line box Step 2 Click in this dotted line box The outline becomes solid and a vertical text cursor appears Step3 Type in the variable name or a constant you want to use following the naming conventions of the Editor See the reference information for the instruction you are programming for more information about the allowable variable types The scope of a variable can be either global or local When you first enter a variable its scope is defined based on the case of the first letter you type An upper case letter defines the variable to be global A lower case letter defines it to be local Se
24. used by the AutoMax Executive is drive library system rack where drive is the personal computer hard drive where the Executive is stored library is the base directory under which all the AutoMax systems are stored system is the subdirectory where the system data base files are stored rack is the subdirectory where all the rack data base files and all programs for the rack are stored The default drive and library name are specified as part of the Setup procedure for the AutoMax Programming Executive software If you want to create a new library or change the default selected library or drive you must use the Setup procedure Places the Editor in the Paused state so that you can use the Online Task Manager The programs continue to run in the Processor but their display in a program window is not updated Task In the Editor the terms program and task are synonymous Rung status area The gray shaded area left of the power rail When rung numbers revision marks or set triggers are displayed they are located here Test Mode Lets you actively execute rungs but the changes made Trigger to the online program are not permanently installed in the processor A trigger is a way to capture or freeze a rung s status while monitoring the program Once a trigger is set the rung s status stays frozen on the programming terminal but the rung continues to run on the CPU A
25. variable from the Set Variables List fills the parameters within the Current Selection group box with the information for the variable Forcing Variables To force a variable is to write a value to it that cannot be over written by another program referencing the same variable You can force any simple global variable in the configuration or any simple local variable present in a task that is loaded into the processor Only unforcing a variable permits it to be changed by a program or an external device IMPORTANT You can force only simple variables You cannot force element indexed or bit indexed variables For example you cannot force variables like vat 13 array var 11 array var index name array var 11 12 or array var index name bit name To force a variable Step 1 Make sure an online program window is open Step 2 Do one ofthe following e Click on or e From the Online menu choose Set Force Unforce The Set Force Unforce Variables dialog box is displayed You should keep this dialog box open while you are setting forcing or unforcing multiple variables Step3 If you want to force a local variable enter the name of the program in which the variable is used in the Program field If you want to force a global variable leave the field blank Step4 Enter the name of the variable to be forced Only simple variables can be forced The simple variable selected before choosing the Set Force Unforce command is
26. 1 only TANK would appear in the variable list and have a scope IMPORTANT Changing the properties of a variable affects the variable and not just a particular instance in which it is used If you change a variable s scope the change applies to every instance where that variable is used To change a variable s scope Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Tip Select the instruction containing the variable whose Scope you want to change Access its Instruction Properties by choosing Properties from either the File menu or the pop up menu The Instruction Properties dialog box is displayed Choose the Variables tab The Variable Properties tab is displayed If the name of the variable you want is not displayed in the Name field use the list box to scroll through and choose it The Variable Properties tab for that variable is displayed Click on either the Global or the Local option The variable name changes to be either all upper case or lower case depending on which option you chose Click OK to accept the change Quickly toggle between the Instruction Info and Variables tabs by using CTRL TAB Tip To select the instruction and access the pop up menu place the mouse pointer over the instruction and click the right mouse button 2 15 3 0 Printing Programs Print a program to mark up or maintain a paper record of it You can print an entire program or a range of rungs rung
27. 3 To cancel the changes click Yes Clicking No removes the question dialog box and leaves the online program unchanged 5 9 All pending changes are removed from the program If the program was in Test Mode it is removed from this mode About How Changes Made to Online Programs Are Verified Once you commit any online changes after accepting the rungs the Editor verifies the changes before they are downloaded to the Processor The changes are verified using the same rules that are used for offline programs All accepted online changes must be successfully verified before they are installed into a Processor When online program changes are verified the Editor ignores warnings and does not check against the Variable Configurator database The Editor generates a log file only if you have selected the Generate Log File verify option For more information see Creating a Verify Error Log File section 4 1 If the program is not successfully verified you must correct the errors re accept the rungs and commit the changes or enter test mode The Editor also notifies you when either of the following events occur If this event occurs Do the following a global variable has been defined in the program that is not in the online configuration Step 1 Reject the changes contain ing the global variable s Step 2 Commit any other changes Step3 Go offline and add the new global variable s to the Variable Confi
28. 5 14 5 11 2 Capturing the State of Logic Based on a Coil Becoming False skeet sa nie pior dp nere tie pd eau eae 5 14 5 11 3 Capturing the State of Logic Based on a Rung Error 5 15 5 11 4 Waiting for Triggers While Continuing To Edit 5 15 5 11 5 Re Activating a Trigger 0 5 15 5 11 6 Clearing a Trigger tis 4 ieee dee ea 5 16 5 12 Setting and Forcing Variables in Ladder Programs 5 16 5 12 1 Setting Variables 0 eee ee 5 18 5 12 2 Forcing Variables 000 c cece eee eee 5 19 5 12 3 Unforcing Variables 0 20 cee eee eee 5 20 5 12 4 About the Expanded Set Force Unforce Dialog Box 5 21 5 12 5 Viewing the Total Number of Forced Variables 5 21 5 12 6 Viewing a List of Set or Forced Variables 5 21 5 12 7 Unforcing an Entire Force Page 00 0005 5 21 5 12 8 Testing If Variables in the Rack Are Forced 5 22 5 13 Viewing and Clearing Run Time Errors 0 0000 e eee 5 22 Appendices Appendix A Toolbars Palettes and the Status Bar cee eee eee A 1 Appendix B Keyboard Shortcuts x 3222 wep b re eta REPRE wen hes B 1 Appendix C Using the Pre Defined Reserved Ladder Language Variables C 1 Appendix D Online Editing Memory Limits 00000 0 cece eee D 1 Appendix E Rung Execution Order css ssi Senne E 1 Appendix F Converting Ladder Programs Created Using an Older Version OF A
29. AutoMax Ladder Language Editor Instruction Manual J2 3093 3 ae rri ELECTRIC ELI The information in this user s manual is subject to change without notice DANGER ONLY QUALIFIED ELECTRICAL PERSONNEL FAMILIAR WITH THE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF THIS EQUIPMENT AND THE HAZARDS INVOLVED SHOULD INSTALL ADJUST OPERATE OR SERVICE THIS EQUIPMENT READ AND UNDERSTAND THIS MANUAL AND OTHER APPLICABLE MANUALS IN THEIR ENTIRETY BEFORE PROCEEDING FAILURE TO OBSERVE THIS PRECAUTION COULD RESULT IN SEVERE BODILY INJURY OR LOSS OF LIFE THE USER MUST PROVIDE AN EXTERNAL HARDWIRED EMERGENCY STOP CIRCUIT OUTSIDE THE CONTROLLER CIRCUITRY THIS CIRCUIT MUST DISABLE THE SYSTEM IN CASE OF IMPROPER OPERATION UNCONTROLLED MACHINE OPERATION MAY RESULT IF THIS PROCEDURE IS NOT FOLLOWED FAILURE TO OBSERVE THIS PRECAUTION COULD RESULT IN BODILY INJURY Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation Microsoft Windows Windows 95 OS 2 MS DOS and WordPad are trademarks of Microsoft Multibus is a trademark of Intel AutoMate AutoMax ReSource R Net and Shark are trademarks of Rockwell Automation Reliance Electric is a trademark of Rockwell Automation a core business of Rockwell International Corporation Preface AutoMax Ladder Editor Feature Overview The AutoMax Ladder Editor ships as part of the AutoMax Programming Executive It can be run from within the Executive or as a stand alone application for offline prog
30. Info tab under Program Properties 1 11 3 You can specify a timeout for the hardware event This lets you specify the maximum amount of time in ticks that can pass before the hardware event occurs You can use a timeout as a safeguard in case something happens to the module you are using to generate the hardware event If the event does not occur before the timeout time a rack STOP ALL error occurs To specify a hardware event Step 1 Access Program Properties Make sure no rung or instruction is selected and choose Properties from the File menu Step 2 Choose the Scan Info tab Step 3 Select Event Driven for the Scan Mode Step 4 Select Hardware as the Event Type Step5 Inthe Name field type the name of the hardware event that will trigger the program s execution Step 6 In the ISCR Variable Name field type the name of the variable associated with the ISCR Interrupt status and control register on the hardware module being used to generate the interrupt Step 7 Do one of the following specify a timeout for the a Select the Timeout hardware event Enabled b Enter an integer value between 1 and 32767 You should set the timeout to a time longer than what you expect the actual time will be A good general rule is 1 5 times longer than the expected time between events not use a timeout Make sure the Timeout Enabled checkbox is not selected 8 Click OK to accept the changes Specifying a Software Ev
31. Online Task Manager can use it See section 5 3 for more information About the States of Online Programs An online program is in one of the following states at any time State Description How the state is indicated Run The program is actively The word RUN appears executing in a Processor the Editor s status bar and and power flow is the left power rail is displayed highlighted in the power flow color In the Online Task Manager the word Run appears in the status column Stopped The program is not actively The word STOP appears executing the Editor s status bar In the Online Task Manager the word Stopped appears in the status column State Description How the state is indicated Test The program is actively The text Test Mode mode executing rungs but the appears after the file name changes made to an online in the window s title bar program are not See Testing Programs permanently installed in the Test Mode section 5 8 Processor You can test the for more information changes you made to an online program Paused When the Editor is paused The status bar for windows the programs continue to run in the Processor but their display in the program window is not updated The Processor connection is freed so you can access the Online Task Manager Because the Online Task Manager and the Editor cannot share the same communication c
32. Save command If you quit the Editor or close the converted program before saving the program the original unconverted program is unchanged F 1 F 2 The Editor creates a log file if any conversion error or warning messages are generated See Correcting Ladder Program Conversion Warnings and Errors in this Appendix Once the Editor converts the program it renames the original program file to file PC and renames the original remark file REM to file RE You can delete these files later if you wish F1 About How Shift Instructions Are Converted into the Ladder Editor Any shift register instructions present in the old ladder program are converted to a Shift Right SR instruction The logic that drives the SHIFT and DATA parameters is converted to correspond with the SR instruction s EN and BIT parameters respectively The following table describes how other conditions are handled If the Then old instruction had a shift register The shift register length for the length that is less than 16 corresponding SR instruction is 16 an integer Note that all the bits within the integer are shifted A message is posted in the file UPDATE LOG or program name LOG RESET input parameter was A MOVE block is added to the rung This programmed in the old instruction block is driven by the logic that was connected to the RESET parameter The MOVE instruction resets the shift register integer when the reset coil is true
33. Step 2 If you have made changes to any open ladder program since you last saved it choose one of the following buttons in the message box that asks if you want to save the changes To Click keep the changes Yes not save the changes No not close the program Cancel Tip You can also exit the Editor by choosing Close from the Editor Control menu 2 0 2 1 Editing Programs This chapter describes how to use the Editor to edit programs offline See chapter 5 for information about editing programs online Starting a Rung The first step in entering ladder logic is inserting the first instruction in the rung Place the first instruction of a rung against the left power rail All rungs are aligned against the left power rail To start a rung Step 1 Click on the Ladder Language toolbar button that accesses the group of instructions you need An instruction palette appears Step2 Point to the instruction you want to insert and press and hold the left mouse button Step 3 While holding down the mouse button drag the instruction into the program area and next to the left power rail While you are dragging the instruction the cursor changes to indicate whether you can drop the instruction and where it will be placed Instructions destined for the left power rail will look like H F or lE Step 4 When the instruction is where you want to place it release the left mouse button dropping t
34. UTOMaX oa erp een an F 1 Appendix G GlOSSaly airo era ran ae ern G 1 1 0 Getting Familiar with 1 1 Ladder Language Toolbar Standard Toolbar the Editor This section describes some basic information to help you become familiar with the Editor Overview of the AutoMax Ladder Editor Window Instruction Palette Menu Bar Program Windows Editor Window El askl pc utoMax Ladder Editor File Edit View Insert Tools Online Window Help S5 UDC PB SSA_CMLTEST S5A SPDTESST S5A_SPDTEST S5A PC RUNPERM SSA_CMLTEST Minimized Program Status Bar Rung Status Area Ladder Language Toolbar Provides access to the individual ladder instruction palette Standard Toolbar Provides shortcuts to common commands by clicking on a button Editor Window Identifies the name of the currently active program and provides access to the application window controls Instruction Palette Lets you drag and drop instructions into your program Menu Bar Provides access to the available Editor commands many of which can be accessed via a standard toolbar button or keyboard characters 1 1 1 2 1 2 e Program Windows Presents the open program s The name of the program is listed in each window e Rung Status Area Displays rung numbers revision marks set triggers and indicates active versus non active powerflow e Minimized Program Can help organize many open programs e Status Bar Displays information about
35. You can open only pc programs using the Ladder Editor Open the file by clicking OK If the ladder program was created using an older version ladder editor the Editor first prompts you to convert the 1 3 1 4 program To convert the program choose Yes For more information see Appendix F You can have at most 15 unique offline programs opened at one time Closing Programs Close the active program with the Close command The Editor stays active and any other open programs stay open The Editor prompts you to save any changes to open programs before closing To close a ladder program Step 1 From the File menu or Program Control Menu choose Close Step 2 If you have made changes to the program since you last saved it choose one of the following buttons in the message box that asks if you want to save the changes To Click keep the changes Yes not save the changes No keep the program open Cancel and cancel the changes Saving Programs Save changes to the active offline program by using the Save command The Editor stays active with the same program open after saving the changes To save a ladder program e Click on or e From the File menu choose Save The Editor saves global and local variables and their descriptions to the program symbol table Tip Any offline revision marks present in the program disappear once you save a program Tip To save changes made to an
36. able in the Processor to which you are connected Network for programs located on Processors connected to the network Once you have located the program you want to monitor select the program s icon displayed in the Files area of the dialog box To select more than one program to open do one of the following e Draw a selection box around the programs you want to open e To select individual programs press CTRL while selecting the program icons with the mouse To select all programs select the first program and press SHIFT while selecting the last program Notice that the program s name appears in the File name field If you want to view the rung and variable descriptions while monitoring the online program see Choosing To Display Descriptions While Editing Viewing an Online Program in online help Click OK to open the program The program you selected is opened Tip You can have multiple online programs opened at once 5 3 5 4 Pausing the Editor Because the Online Task Manager and online programs in the Editor use the same communication channel you must place the Editor in the Paused state before you can use the Online Task Manager The programs continue to run in the Processor but their display in a program window is not updated IMPORTANT Before pausing the Editor s online program windows you might want to commit any pending changes All pending changes are lost once an online pro
37. ally 1 4 setting scan time 1 7 states of online 5 2 Index 1 verifying 4 1 T creating a verify error log file 4 2 resolving errors 4 3 variable configurator database 4 2 warning messages 4 3 Test mode 5 9 removing online program from 5 10 saving online program in 5 9 Revision marks displaying and hiding 1 6 Tick rate 1 8 Toolbar A 3 F 2 R anchoring A 5 ladder language A 2 N moving A 4 Run time errors viewing and clearing standard A 1 5 22 Triggers Rung Error trigger 5 15 Seu 5 16 Rung table 3 3 re activating 5 15 setting 5 13 Rungs defining grid limits for 2 2 entering descriptions of 2 4 in the program window 2 4 waiting for while editing 5 15 in the Rung Properties dialog box V 2 4 inserting instructions into 2 5 Variable name table 3 8 instructions Variabl assigning variables or constants to alas ied 2 10 assigning to instruction parameters 2 10 changing data type of 2 13 changing scope of 2 14 entering descriptions of 2 11 forcing 5 17 5 19 unforcing 5 20 list of set or forced 5 21 pre defined C 1 error handling C 2 ladder execution time C 2 program scan C 1 selecting 2 13 set force unforce dialog box 5 17 5 21 setting 5 17 5 18 testing for forced 5 22 total number of forced 5 21 changing type of 2 9 using Find and Replace 2 9 using Instruction Properties 2 9 connecting by drawing wires 2 6 using ENO output bit 2 6 Properti
38. ant to change Step 2 From the File menu choose Properties Step 3 Choose the Instruction Info tab Step4 From the Type list box choose the instruction type that you want to use in place of the selected instruction This list only displays those instructions that are compatible with the selected instruction Step 5 Click OK to accept the change 2 9 2 10 2 10 Tip You can also access the Instruction Info tab from the pop up menu Point to the instruction that you want to change press the right mouse button and choose Properties from the pop up menu Tip You can also change the information about the variables used in the instruction Simply choose the Variables tab or press CTRL TAB to display the Variable Properties Tip To select the instruction and access the pop up menu place the mouse pointer over the instruction and click the right mouse button Assigning Variables and Constants to Ladder Instruction Parameters Each instruction includes at least one input or output parameter The more complex instructions contain parameters for multiple non Boolean inputs and outputs Each parameter has a variable name field in which you enter the variable name or constant that you want to assign to the parameter To help make assigning variables to instruction parameters easier and faster variables are automatically assigned a default data type and scope when they are first entered The default type is that most likely
39. ariable A variable referencing an element within an array variable For example panel 11 references an element 11 within the array variable panel An element can be a Boolean integer or double integer Global Variables Global variables can be referenced by ladder Control Block or BASIC programs in a rack Global variables can refer to memory locations physical O locations or network locations Global memory variables can be of any data type supported by the Editor If you type in the first letter of a variable using upper case the default scope will be global The names of global variables appear in upper case Local Variables Local variables are those that can only be used in Match the program in which they are defined No other programs can reference them If you type in the first letter of a variable name using lower case the default scope will be local The names of local variables appear in lower case As applied to the Resolve Variable Descriptions command a global variable in a ladder program that uses the same name as one in Variable Configurator For example the Editor would determine that a global variable called PUMP STATUS used in a ladder program is a match to a global variable called PUMP STATUS present in the Variable Configurator The data type of a variable is not a factor when determining whether the global variables match G 1 G 2 Path Pause Program The directory structure
40. ariables The list of variables for this edit session is displayed in the List box Up to 64 set variables are displayed on a set variables list Up to 64 variables are stored on a forced variables list 16 per force page You can view only one page at a time Unforcing an Entire Force Page You can unforce an entire page of forced variables This option is useful when you have grouped related forced variables together on one page To unforce an entire force page Step 1 Make sure an online program window is open 5 21 5 12 8 5 13 5 22 Step 2 From the Online menu choose Set Force Unforce The Set Force Unforce dialog box is displayed Step3 Click More Step4 Inthe expanded Set Force Unforce dialog box use the Current Page field to choose the force page you want to unforce Step 5 Click Unforce Page The entire page is unforced Testing If Variables in the Rack Are Forced Programs that are running can test if any variables in a rack are forced The logic can access the reserved global variable FORCINGSTATUS This variable will be true if any variables in the rack are forced Viewing and Clearing Run Time Errors You can view any run time errors that occur in an online program that you are monitoring Use the Error Log to view error messages from the task information log You can access this log from the Program Properties The error log records the first second and last most recent error that occurred in
41. at the new location You can also move a toolbar or palette into the program window where it becomes a floating toolbar which you can move and close like a window To move a toolbar or palette Step 1 Place the pointer on any space between the buttons of the toolbar or around the toolbar or palette Step 2 Press down the left mouse button and drag the toolbar or palette away from its current location The toolbar or palette becomes an outlined box Step 3 Move the toolbar or palette to any screen edge or to a location within the program window and release the mouse button When you The toolbar or palette becomes a anchor a toolbar or instruction palette vertical toolbar or palette at the left or right edge of the screen anchor a toolbar or instruction palette a horizontal toolbar or palette at the top or bottom of the screen move the toolbar or palette to a a floating toolbar or palette location inside the program window To anchor a floating toolbar or palette Step 1 Place your pointer on the edge of the toolbar or palette and press the left mouse button Step 2 Drag the toolbar or palette to any edge of the screen and release the mouse button Tip Close a floating toolbar or palette by clicking on x located in the upper right hand corner of the toolbar or palette Tip If you move a toolbar or palette out of the program window or just want to restore the toolbars and palettes to th
42. ating a Verify Error Log File 0 0000 000000 4 2 4 2 Automatically Checking the Variable Configurator Database While Verifying a Program 2 0 RI 4 2 4 3 Specifying Whether To Include Warning Messages When Verifying Programs isses eee Rem nerit ata 4 3 4 4 Resolving Verify Errors iiam 4 3 Editing Programs Online sssseeeeennennnnnn 5 1 5 1 About the States of Online Programs 0 0 eee ee 5 2 5 2 Monitoring an Online Ladder Program 00 eee eee 5 4 5 3 Pausing the Editor acct re hme th eR RE Dtm 5 5 5 4 About Power FOW sa canes rhet ale nee er ER 5 5 5 5 Monitoring Data in an Online Program sssssesssse 5 6 5 6 Accepting Changes Made to Online Programs 5 6 5 7 Downloading Changes Made to an Online Program Commit Online Changes sss 5 7 5 8 Testing Programs Test Mode 0 eee eee ee 5 9 5 8 1 Committing an Online Program in Test Mode Commit Changes in Test Mode ssssssse 5 9 5 8 2 Removing an Online Program from Test Mode 5 10 5 8 8 Canceling All Changes Made to an Online Program 5 10 5 9 About How Changes Made to Online Programs Are Verified 5 11 5 10 Viewing an Online Program as It Looked before It Was Edited 5 12 5 11 Capturing the State of Logic in an Online Program 5 13 5 11 1 Capturing the State of Logic Based on a Coil BECOMING Ile cities dese tt sacar ania REST PR ERG
43. atisfied with the changes you made you must commit these changes before they can be installed permanently in the Processor Use the Commit Test Mode changes command from Online menu To commit save an online program in Test Mode Step 1 Make sure the program is in an active program window Step 2 From the Online menu choose Commit Test Mode Changes The Editor prompts you to confirm your decision Step3 To commit the changes click Yes Clicking No removes the question dialog box leaving the program unchanged Once the rungs are successfully committed the Editor removes the program from Test Mode and displays the rungs in the non modified rung color 5 9 5 8 2 5 8 3 5 10 Removing an Online Program from Test Mode If you want to continue making changes to an online program that is in Test Mode you must first take it out of Test Mode You can do this by using the Quit Test Mode command from the Online menu Taking a program out of Test Mode removes the changes from the Processor The modified rungs are no longer running on the Processor the original rungs are now executing IMPORTANT If you delete a counter data structure as part of the online changes the counter has retained its value while the changes were in Test Mode When you remove the program from Test Mode the counter is storing a current value since the change that deleted the counter was not accepted If you delete a timer data structure as you edit a
44. d on the computer however it continues to run on the Processor The Editor obtains trigger information from the Processor You can capture a rung s status based on one of the following conditions acoil turns on acoil turns off an error occurs with an instruction in a rung If more than one coil exists the coil used for the trigger is a rung s upper right most coil Once a trigger is set it is active on the next program scan Triggers are edge sensitive For example a coil on trigger is activated the next time that the coil goes true Only one trigger can be set for a rung but you can set multiple triggers in an online program The only limitation is the amount of available Processor memory Triggers are local to the computer that set the trigger Other online connections cannot view these triggers until they are activated A trigger remains set as long as the rung is displayed in the online program window Once the triggered rung scrolls off the screen the trigger is cleared Also closing an online program window clears all the triggers set in the program Rungs that have triggers set are indicated by a letter displayed in the rung status area representing the trigger type either an o f or e When a trigger is activated this indicator is replaced by a T If a rung is marked by a revision mark the trigger indicator replaces the revision mark until the trigger is cleared This table summarizes some
45. e Editor s default click on the Restore Defaults button in the Toolbar and Palette dialog box A 5 About the Status Bar The status bar is located at the bottom of the Editor window and displays information about the program objects you have selected and the state of the program in the active window Look at the status bar for helpful messages as you work with your programs For Help press F1 Verified For the active program window the status bar displays VERIFIED when the program has been successfully verified and is ready for loading in to the Processor Not Verified If the program has not been successfully verified or changes have been made to it since the last verify operation the status bar displays NOT VERIFIED Run or Stop For the active online programs the status bar shows if the program is running RUN or stopped STOP Help for the Selected Menu The status bar shows abbreviated help for the selected menu item in the active window A 5 Name and Description of Selected Object For the active window the status bar can display any of the following If this is selected Status bar displays the single contact or coil associated parameter and the primary variable description single block parameter and description for the primary output single rung first line of the associated rung description A 6 Appendix B Keyboard Shortcuts Here is a listing of keyboard sho
46. e menu open all the programs you want to edit Step 2 From the Window menu select Tile or Cascade All non minimized programs are arranged within the Ladder Editor window Or use the mouse to arrange the windows on the desktop Step 3 Click on the program window to make it active before editing the program Tip To switch among the programs you are editing press CTRL F6 Displaying Hiding Revision Marks While Editing Programs Offline Revisions are always displayed while you are editing a program online But you can choose to display offline editing revision marks Revisions are marked by a letter in the rung status area and by the modified rung color Letter Meaning M Logic was modified or wires have been added or deleted l The rung has been inserted D The rung has been deleted Tip If you delete a newly inserted rung before committing or saving the change the rung is deleted However it is not marked with a D revision mark To display hide revision marks while editing programs offline Step 1 From the Tools menu choose Options A tabbed dialog box is displayed Step 2 From the General tab locate the Miscellaneous group box Step3 Choose the Show Revisions While Offline Editing option This setting applies to the current and subsequent Editor sessions until you change the setting again Step 4 Click OK to accept the new setting 1 10 1 11 About Program Properties
47. e section 2 15 for more information about a variable s scope 2 11 Tip If the variable has not been used before a default data type and Scope is automatically assigned If the variable is an array the maximum array index defaults to the value you entered as the element of the variable For example if you entered part 5 the value of 5 would be entered into the Maximum Array Index field of the Variable Properties If the element index of an array is a variable the Maximum Array Index field contains a value of 1 Tip If the variable has been used before you can save typing by using Variable Smart Matching See section 2 12 for more information about Variable Smart Matching Tip To enter hexadecimal constants e End hexadecimal constants with an h or H For example 607H e Ifthe hexadecimal constant begins with a letter enter a leading 0 before the value For example 0A607H e Ifthe most significant bit of the hexadecimal constant is set and the constant is fewer than 8 digits sign extend it with F s into an 8 digit hexadecimal value For example Enter 9C40H as OFFFF9C40H The Editor converts a hexadecimal value to a decimal constant except for the logical and Masked Move instructions Entering Variable Descriptions Variable descriptions help you document variables used in instructions Each variable can have its own description however the description applies to simple or array variables and no
48. e the free ends of the long lines When the cursor is near a connection point it changes to include a pencil Ry Step 2 Press and hold the left mouse button The cursor changes to a pencil Step 3 Draw the wire by moving the mouse towards the instruction to which you want to connect You can draw a continuous wire to connect instructions in a branch and the coils at the end of the rung A dotted line indicates where the wire will be placed Step 4 When you reach the destination connection point release the mouse button The wire is drawn to connect the instructions Connecting Multiple Instructions by Using the ENO Output Bit Quickly build a rung by connecting a relay instruction or a Boolean input of an instruction to the ENO output parameter of an instruction block For example coil BT1_DEST BT1_UPDATE The Boolean input parameter s or relay instruction s state is linked to that of the ENO output parameter The ENO output parameter for an instruction follows the state of that instruction s EN input parameter unless an error occurs When an error occurs within an instruction the ENO output parameter is set according to the pre defined variable ERROR_ENO Because the default value of ERROR_ENO is false instructions connected to the ENO output are disabled when an error occurs in the instruction block containing the ENO output Should you want to continue evaluating and executing the logic connected to an ENO ou
49. e to the right to display the Capture Trigger menu Step 3 From the Capture Trigger menu choose Reset Trigger 5 15 5 11 6 Clearing a Trigger You can remove a set trigger for a selected rung Once the trigger is removed the rung s status area returns to the state it was in prior to the trigger being set To clear a trigger Step 1 Select the rung or at least one instruction in the rung containing the trigger you want to remove See Selecting Rungs section 2 2 or Selecting Instructions section 2 7 for more information Step 2 From the Online menu select Capture Trigger Move the mouse to the right to display the Capture Trigger menu Step 3 From the Capture Trigger menu choose Clear Trigger The Editor also clears triggers when the selected rung is scrolled out of view on the screen or when an online program is closed 5 12 Setting and Forcing Variables in Ladder Programs You can set and force variables in ladder programs to put them temporarily in a known state for debugging purposes To set force and unforce variables you must have an online program window open You can set or force any global variable in the configuration or any local variable present in a task that is loaded into the rack IMPORTANT You can force only simple variables You cannot force element indexed or bit indexed variables For example you cannot force variables like vat 13 array var 11 array var index name array var 11 12
50. ent To Control Program Execution A software event is a flag set by another program Specify the software event that triggers a program s execution by using the Scan Info tab under Program Properties To specify a software event Step 1 Access Program Properties Make sure no rung or instruction is selected and choose Properties from the File menu Step 2 Choose the Scan Info tab Step 3 Select Event Driven for the Scan Mode 1 9 1 12 1 13 Step 4 Select Software as the Event Type Step5 Inthe Name field type the name of the software event that will trigger the program s execution Step 6 Click OK to accept the changes Running and Stopping Ladder Programs Use the Online Task Manager to place a program into run or to stop a program If you are editing online you must pause the Editor before you can access the Online Task Manager since they both share the same communication channel See Pausing the Editor section 5 3 for more information Exiting the Ladder Editor Exit the Editor with the Exit command The Exit command closes all program windows and closes the Editor The Editor prompts you to save any changes to open programs before exiting If you choose to close an online program that has changes that have not been accepted the Editor prompts you to return to the editing session or close Selecting close discards all the changes To exit the Editor Step 1 From the File menu choose Exit
51. error statement and summary if selected 3 3 Setting Print Options You can choose the type of information to print on your programs printout Choose to print or not to print the following Descriptions Only To print Choose Result a program s ladder Rungs The rungs are printed logic rungs any description Rung The rung descriptions print assigned to rung Descriptions above the rung The line length is the same as the page width The description is truncated if it is longer than the page width only rung descriptions Rung The rungs variable descriptions and instruction cross reference are not printed You can also choose to print the program cross references when you choose Rung Descriptions Only you track where variable names are written and where they are read Cross Reference any description Variable The variable descriptions are assigned to a variable Descriptions taken from program symbol table and are printed above variable name just as they are displayed in the program information that helps Instruction The instruction cross reference is printed with each rung When only a range of rungs is selected the instruction cross reference still includes references for the entire program variable name table and a rung table Program Cross Reference The program task cross reference prints at the end of the program printout after the rungs Included
52. es dialog box 2 8 selecting 2 7 order of execution E 1 printing of 3 6 selecting 2 2 starting 2 1 turning the grid on and off 2 2 S unforcing an entire page 5 21 using Smart Matching to enter 2 12 Scan time 1 8 Verify Error Log File 4 2 Shortcuts B 1 Verify Errors resolving 4 3 State of logic capturing in an online program 5 13 based on coil becoming false 5 14 based on coil becoming true 5 14 based on rung error 5 15 Status Bar A 5 Index 2 RE 1857LC Printed in U S A RELIANCE CONTROLS DOCUMENTATION IMPROVEMENT FORM Document Number Page Number s Comments Please give chapters page numbers or specific paragraphs that the change will affect Include markeups from the document or attach additional pages if necessary What will this improvement suggestion provide Originator City State ZIP Company Phone Address Date Technical Writing Internal Use Follow Up Action Thank you for your comments CENT ELECTRIC W For additional information 1 Allen Bradley Drive Mayfield Heights Ohio 44124 USA Tel 800 241 2886 or 440 646 3599 http www reliance com automax www rockwellautomation com Corporate Headquarters Rockwell Automation 777 East Wisconsin Avenue Suite 1400 Milwaukee WI 53202 5302 USA Tel 1 414 212 5200 Fax 1 414 212 5201 Headquarters for Allen Bradley Products Rockwell So
53. figures 1 0 2 0 3 0 Table of Contents Getting Familiar with the Editor cece eee eee eee 1 1 Overview of the AutoMax Ladder Editor Window 1 2 Opening Programs oso e Re een 1 3 Closing Programs 200m RR RR Rs 1 4 Saving Programs xs ERR ce ent dee Pak tae RES 1 5 Saving Programs Automatically As You Work 1 6 Displaying a Program in Multiple Windows 1 7 Editing Different Parts of the Same Program Using Split WINdOWS wis cca tae er ae tee eek 1 8 Editing Multiple Programs 0 00sec eee eee 1 9 Displaying Hiding Revision Marks While Editing Programs Offline 0 ne Rr RR ees 1 10 About Program Properties 00 cece eee 1 11 About Program Execution issssssseese eee ee 1 11 1 Specifying a Scan Time to Control Program Execution 1 11 2 Specifying a Hardware Event to Control Program Execution 0 eee eee 1 11 3 Specifying a Software Event to Control Program Execution 12 rh nn an nm RR ee hae X A KOK 1 12 Running and Stopping Ladder Programs 1 13 Exiting the Ladder Editor nss eenen aee Editing Programs 5 icaa eher reor na eem saen ee 2 1 Starting a RUNO sco ec enema Pee Rete aaa 2 1 1 Defining the Horizontal and Vertical Grid Limits Per Rung sssssssseee 2 1 2 Turning the Grid On and Off cece eee eee 2 2 Selecting R llgS css rr eR ee Rear EN 2 8 Enter
54. following e Click on or e From the File menu choose Print or e Press CTRL P Step 3 Within the Print dialog box use the Copies spinner box to enter or select the number of copies you want to print 4 0 Verifying Programs Use the Verify command to help debug your ladder program During the verification process the Editor checks your program and notifies you of any errors that would prevent the program from running If you choose the Editor can report less serious issues called warnings See section 4 3 for more information The error and warning messages also include information about the rung and grid location in which the error or warning occurred A program whose verify operation results in errors is not successfully verified and cannot be downloaded to a Processor and run If only warnings result after a verify operation the program is considered verified Look at the bottom right corner of a program s status bar or in the Program Info tab Program Properties for the program s verification status either Verified or Not Verified As the Editor verifies a program it automatically compresses the rung to the left and up by deleting rows and columns that do not contain an instruction and minimizing wire lengths Coils are moved out to the vertical page break if the Right Justify Coils after Verify option is not selected See section 3 7 for more information The Editor automatically verifies an online program when you ch
55. formation Each rung that was modified or added during an online editing session is checked against the allocated amount of reserved memory when you commit the changes or enter test mode that is when you download the rungs to the Processor If the total number of online changes exceeds the allocated memory a message box appears to notify you To continue editing a program online once these limits have been exceeded save the program to the PC and re download it to the Processor Limitations for Editing Programs Online You cannot add more than e 32 variables e 8 timers and or counters e 16 labels These limits are checked after you choose Accept from the Online menu If the changes exceed any limit the Editor notifies you of the location at which the problem s occurred The changes are not downloaded to the Processor You can then edit the program to correct the limitation errors and re accept the program Restrictions for Editing Programs Online While editing a program online you cannot add these types of variables e a global variable that is not already used in the configuration e new or existing array variables e an element of an array that is larger than the defined Maximum Array Index e new Software Events Other restrictions for editing programs online You can change all the properties for a newly added variable but you cannot add or change a variable description e You cannot inline edit variable or rung descri
56. ftware Products and Global Manufacturing Solutions Americas Rockwell Automation 1201 South Second Street Milwaukee WI 53204 2496 USA Tel 1 414 382 2000 Fax 1 414 382 4444 Europe Middle East Africa Rockwell Automation SA NV Vorstlaan Boulevard du Souverain 36 1170 Brussels Belgium Tel 32 2 663 0600 Fax 32 2 663 0640 Asia Pacific Rockwell Automation 27 F Citicorp Centre 18 Whitfield Road Causeway Bay Hong Kong Tel 852 2887 4788 Fax 852 2508 1846 Headquarters for Dodge and Reliance Electric Products Americas Rockwell Automation 6040 Ponders Court Greenville SC 29615 4617 USA Tel 1 864 297 4800 Fax 1 864 281 2433 Europe Middle East Africa Rockwell Automation Br hlstra e 22 D 74834 Elztal Dallau Germany Tel 49 6261 9410 Fax 49 6261 17741 Asia Pacific Rockwell Automation 55 Newton Road 11 01 02 Revenue House Singapore 307987 Tel 65 6356 9077 Fax 65 6356 9011 Publication J2 3093 3 April 1998 Copyright 2002 Rockwell Automation Inc All rights reserved Printed in U S A
57. g to re enter the variable names for the parameters This feature helps reduce the time required to make logic changes Compatible instructions are those with the same basic function and or the same number of inputs and outputs For example you can change an NOI instruction to a NCI instruction because these instructions are compatible relay input instructions Conversely you cannot change an NOI instruction to a CO or an ADD instruction because these instructions are not compatible To change an instruction type by using Find and Replace Step 1 Click on The Find dialog box is displayed Step2 Inthe Objects group box choose Instruction Step3 Inthe Find Instruction list box choose the instruction for which you want to search This list only displays those instructions that are compatible with the selected instruction Step 4 Choose Find The Editor searches the program for the instruction you specified Step 5 Choose the Replace button Step6 Inthe Replace Instruction list box choose the instruction that you want to use in place of the instruction you are searching for This list only displays those instructions that are compatible with the selected instruction Step 7 Choose Replace to replace the current instruction with the new one or Replace All to replace all occurrences of an instruction with another To change an instruction type by using its Instruction Properties Step 1 Select the instruction you w
58. gram is paused and then removed from the paused state Any trigger information is also lost when you remove online program windows from the pause state To pause or un pause the Editor e From the Online menu choose Pause or e Click on m While online programs are paused the status bar is blank and the word Paused appears in the programs title bar Remove the programs from the paused state when the communication port is again available The Editor re establishes communication to all available ports and notifies you when a connection is not available If a connection is not available the online programs stay paused For more information about the paused state see section 5 1 About Power Flow Power flow indicates the rungs and instructions that are executing in an online program It is shown as a bar of color that highlights wires that are connected together You can define the color of power flow using the Colors Option tab of program properties The state of a variable is shown as a solid block of color in the contact For positive transition contacts PTI the block of color is shown when the contact is true but power flow from the contact is shown only during the scan where the transition is true The same concept applies to the negative transition contacts NTI The block of color in an NTI is shown when the contact is false but the power flow from the contact is shown only during the scan in which the trans
59. gurator data base Step 4 Load the configuration Step 5 Monitor the ladder program again and add the logic with the global variables Step 6 Accept and commit the changes the amount of memory for the accepted online changes exceeds the amount of memory reserved for online modifications Increase the amount of memory allotted for online modifications See Specifying the Amount of Memory Reserved for Editing a Program Online in Appendix D the online changes exceed the allowed number of variables timers counters or labels Edit the program to correct the limitation errors and re accept the program See Specifying the Amount of Memory Reserved for Editing a Program Online in Appendix D Tip You can use the Verify command to check your online changes before you accept them 5 10 5 12 Viewing an Online Program as It Looked Before It Was Edited While you are editing an online program and before you commit any online changes you can view the same program as it appeared before you began making modifications The Editor displays the original program in a separate window The text Original Program printed before the file name in the window s title bar helps you identify the original program from the edited version Use the Show Original Program command to display an original version of the program you are currently editing online To view an online program as it looked before it wa
60. hannel to the Processor the Pause command allows you to place the Editor into a paused state The online program windows that are paused after you select the Pause command from the Online menu are e windows containing your online programs e Original Program window The Set Force Unforce dialog box is also closed that are in the paused state is blank and the text Paused appears before the file name in the window s title bar See Pausing the Editor section 5 3 for more information 5 3 5 2 5 4 Monitoring an Online Ladder Program Before you can edit an online program you must open it using the Monitor PC Program command from the Online menu You access this command from the Editor Task Manager or System Configurator To monitor an online ladder program Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Close the Online Task Manager application if it is running The Online Task Manager uses the same online connection as an opened online program Both applications cannot be accessed at the same time Do one of the following e From the Online menu of the Editor Task Manager or Software Configurator choose Monitor PC Program or e Click on The Monitor PC Program dialog box is displayed Using the Look In area of the dialog box navigate to the location containing the ladder program you want to open You can look in these folders e Direct for programs avail
61. have an online program window open The same Set Force Unforce dialog box is used for each online program window using the same rack connection Opening a program window using a different rack connection disables all fields on the Set Force Unforce dialog box except the force list that applied to the previous rack connection Only the force list is actively updated on the Set Force Unforce dialog box for the online program window s using the previous rack connection You can unfreeze this dialog by activating the online window that is used for the other rack connection If you choose the Set Force Unforce command from the online program window with the new rack connection the Set Force Unforce dialog box is updated to reflect the information for the new connection 5 12 1 5 18 When you select an offline program window or the Verify output window the Set Force Unforce dialog box remains in its current state Setting Variables To set a variable is to write a value to it that can be over written by any of the following e an instruction in the same program e another program referencing the same variable by an external device if the variable is mapped to an input You can set any global variable in the configuration or any local variable present in a task that is loaded into the rack To set a variable Step 1 Make sure an online program window is open Step 2 Do one of the following e Click on or e From the Online
62. he Processor by placing the program in Test Mode See Downloading Changes Made to an Online Program Commit Online Chnges section 5 7 Discard the changes Reject The Editor returns the rung to its made to the rung original construction Cancel the Accept Cancel The Accept Online Changes dialog process and return to box disappears You can resume editing the online editing the online program Your program current modifications are unaffected If you have accepted at least one rung you can commit the change or place the program in Test Mode If not you can resume editing the program 5 7 Downloading Changes Made to an Online Program Commit Online Changes After accepting added deleted or modified rungs you must commit the changes before the Editor can download them to the Processor You use the Commit Online Changes dialog box to do this The Editor automatically displays this dialog box after you have finished accepting the changes made to an online program You must have accepted at least one online change for the Editor to display the dialog box 5 7 From the Commit Online Changes dialog box you must choose how to download the online changes to the Processor You can download the changes to the Processor by sending the changes to the Processor and either e immediately install the changes in the program by selecting Commit e temporarily install the changes in the program by selecting Test Mode
63. he instruction into place IMPORTANT You must place the first instruction of a rung so that it attaches to the left power rail to start a rung If you place it anywhere else in the program window you must then cut paste or drag to connect it to the power rail You cannot draw a wire to connect it to the left power rail Tip If you frequently use a particular instruction on a toolbar palette you may want to turn the toolbar palette on Once a toolbar palette is on just point to the instruction you want to insert and press and hold the left mouse button to drag the instruction from the palette 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 Defining the Horizontal and Vertical Grid Limits Per Rung You can define limits for the size of the grid used by the Editor to lay out each rung This lets you make sure that your program printouts fit on your preferred page size without the rungs being split up Relay instructions occupy a grid space of 1 x 1 More complex instructions occupy at least 3 units horizontally by 2 to 8 units vertically The default grid size per rung is 40 horizontal units by 24 vertical units which is also the maximum grid size per rung The Editor lets you place instructions outside the grid limits Rungs that exceed either limit cause a warning to be displayed during a verify operation The limits you set are checked only when you perform a verify operation To define the horizontal and vertical grid limits per r
64. he new measurements for the top bottom left and right margins Note f you choose margins that are less than the printable area on the printer paper the printout is still printed but the measured margin may not accurately match your selections Step4 Click OK 3 5 3 4 Single Page How a Rung Is Printed To Fit on a The Editor prints a rung including rung descriptions variable names and descriptions and instruction cross references on one page If a rung or an instruction block cannot be printed entirely on one page and there are other rungs on the page the Editor forces the logic to a new page If the rung or an instruction cannot be printed entirely on the new page the Editor breaks up the logic as follows If a rung or instruction cannot be printed to fit on the page The Editor The split is indicated as follows vertically finishes printing it on a new page MMC This symbol prints at the bottom of the page indicating lines continue on the next page This symbol prints at the top of the page indicating lines continue from the previous page horizontally wraps it to the next line Wrapped rungs are printed across the page from top to bottom then left to right This means that if one branch of a rung cannot be printed across the page the continuation of the branch appears below the last branch of the rung as illustrated in the figure below When a wrapped rung i
65. hen you print the Program task cross reference it prints at the end of the printout and is printed for the entire program even if you selected only a range of rungs to print The program cross reference contains the following items variable name table This table includes each variable used in the task its data type the instruction and rung where it is used its I O type the hardware address its description and the line cross reference If the database does not exist the text Unknown is printed for the descriptions and cross reference information rung table This table includes information about each variable used as an output in the program including the rung number where the variable appears its name the instruction symbol or mnemonic in which the variable is used I O description and the variable description from the program variable table messages The Editor prints any messages about the cross reference summary verify result summaries print processing and database processing after the rung table When printing the program from the Editor verify warnings are printed if you have not selected Ignore Warnings in the General Tab The items in the program are printed in the following order 1 rungs instruction cross reference if selected 2 3 initial value table 4 program cross reference including the variable table rung list legends scan information verify
66. her program an external device if the variable is mapped to an input You can unforce any global simple variable or any local simple variable present in a task that is forced To unforce a variable from the Variables dialog box e Inthe Set Force Unforce Variables dialog box enter the variable and click Unforce The selected variable must already be forced before you can unforce it To unforce a variable Step 1 Make sure an online program window is open Step2 Do one ofthe following e Click on or e From the Online menu choose Set Force Unforce The Set Force Unforce Variables dialog box is displayed You should keep this dialog box open while you are setting forcing or unforcing multiple variables Step 3 If you want to unforce a local variable enter the name of the program in which the variable is used in the Program field If you want to unforce a global variable leave the field blank Step 4 Enter the name of the variable to be unforced Only simple variables can be forced The simple variable selected before choosing the Set Force Unforce command is the default If no variable was selected the last variable set forced or unforced is the default Step 5 Click Unforce to unforce the variable 5 12 4 5 12 5 5 12 6 5 12 7 Variables grouped on one force page can be unforced at the same time See Unforcing an Entire Force Page section 5 12 7 Tip Selecting a variable from the Force Variables
67. hide the toolbar by choosing Toolbars Palettes from the View menu and selecting or deselecting Standard As a shortcut for Click this button Opening a program Saving a program Printing a program Cutting an object Copying an object Pasting an object Finding a variable or instruction Verifying a program al Ee Meal ey 8 amp 5 S Listing program variables and properties Variable List Changing the display size of a program Zoom Le Connecting online to a Processor e H i Accepting changes to an online program e A 1 As a shortcut for Click this button Quitting test mode Setting Forcing Unforcing a variable Showing the original copy of an online program Pausing an online program Accessing context sensitive help s e i v ie A 2 About the Ladder Language Toolbar The Ladder Language toolbar provides access to the instruction palettes Each button on the toolbar provides access to a certain group of instructions such as relay or arrays It is located by default under the Standard toolbar but you can move it to another location You can choose to display or hide the toolbar by choosing Toolbars Palettes from the View menu and selecting or deselecting Ladder Language By pausing the pointer over a button you can display a brief description that identifies the instruction palette as
68. iew them in the program To enter a rung description in the program window Step 1 Make sure Rung Descriptions are turned on Step 2 Select the rung to which you want to add or edit a description The rung description field which is a dotted line box is displayed above the rung For more information see section 2 2 Step 3 Click in the rung description field and enter the description Tips e Start a new line by pressing CTRL ENTER e Move around in the rung description field by using the mouse HOME END and the arrow keys Delete text by using BACKSPACE or DELETE You can also cut copy and paste text in rung descriptions See the AutoMax Ladder Editor and Enhanced Ladder Editor help file for more information To enter a rung description in the Rung Properties dialog box Step 1 Select the rung to which you want to add or edit a rung description For more information see section 2 2 Step 2 From the File menu choose Properties Step 3 In the Rung Description field type in the description Step4 Click OK to add the description Tip You can also access the Rung Properties dialog box from the pop up menu Select the rung or point to it Then click the right mouse button and choose Properties from the pop up menu 2 4 Inserting Instructions into a Rung Build a rung by using the mouse to drag and drop instructions from an instruction palette and connect them together by drawing wires The program area is
69. ing BACKSPACE or DELETE To turn the Variable Smart Matching option on and off Step 1 From the Tools menu choose Options The Option dialog box is displayed Step 2 Choose the General tab and locate the Miscellaneous group box Step 3 Choose the Variable Smart Matching option This setting applies to all subsequent editing sessions Step 4 Click OK to accept the new setting 2 13 2 14 To scroll through the available variable names that match the character s you have typed e To advance press CTRL and the down arrow e To move backward through the matching variable names press CTRL and the up arrow The Variable Smart Matching option provides matches to each part of an element indexed and or bit indexed variable Enter the element index or bit index delimiter and the first letter or letters of the element or bit name Then scroll through the variable name choices offered The choices offered by the variable smart matching option are determined by how many letters you type in Tip e To append onto a variable name picked from the variable smart match choices make sure the variable name is not selected before continuing to type e To re initialize smart matching delete characters by using BACKSPACE and re type one or more Tip If you type a question mark as the first letter of a variable name the Editor automatically smart matches on the first variable in your variable list Selecting Variable Na
70. ing Rung Descriptions 000 cece eee 2 4 Inserting Instructions into a Rung eee eee 2 5 Connecting Instructions Drawing Wires 2 6 Connecting Multiple Instructions by Using the ENO erui PPC n 2 7 Selecting Instructions 0 cee eee 2 8 About Instruction Properties 0 00 e cece eee 2 9 Changing an Instruction Type sssesssssssss 2 10 Assigning Variables and Constants to Ladder Instruction Parameters 22 4 e hk Ea a RR ana RS 2 11 Entering Variable Descriptions 000 eee eee 2 12 Using Variable Smart Matching 2222 2222er 2 13 Selecting Variable Names 22222 scsssssesnnnn eee 2 14 Changing a Variable s Data Type 22 22 cccc 0000000 2 15 Changing a Variable s Scope 2222eeeess seen eee Printing Programs 00 c cece eee eee 3 1 What Is Included in a Printed Copy of a Program 3 2 Setting Print Options rn se er hm s 3 3 Defining the Page Setup cee eee eee 3 4 How a Rung Is Printed To Fit on a Single Page 4 0 5 0 3 5 Inserting and Deleting Page Breaks 2 222222222 3 7 3 6 Printing a Range of Rungs 2 0 3 7 3 7 Displaying and Printing Coils as Right Justified 3 8 3 8 Printing Multiple Copies of Programs sssssssesese 3 8 Verifying Programs sssseeeeee III 4 1 4 1 Cre
71. ing the Save command or close the program Displaying a Program in Multiple Windows To help you simultaneously view different parts of a program you can choose to display it in more than one window Any changes you make to the program are reflected in the other window s in which the program is displayed When you open a new window it becomes the active window and is displayed on top of all other open windows To display a program in multiple windows Step 1 Make sure that the program you want to display in a new window is the active program Step2 Do one ofthe following e From the Window menu choose New Window or e With no program items selected and the mouse pointer positioned in the grid area click the right mouse button and choose New Window from the pop up menu The program window name is appended by a For example if you chose to display the program LINE 1 pc in a new window the new program window would be LINE 1 pc 2 1 7 1 8 Editing Different Parts of the Same Program Using Split Windows A program window may be split into two horizontal panes Any editing done in one pane is reflected in the other Each pane can be scrolled independently using its own vertical scroll bar To view different parts of the same program using the Split command Step 1 From the Window menu choose Split The cursor turns into a split pointer a combination up arrow and down arrow Step 2 Using the mouse o
72. ins or print options if necessary Step5 Click OK The document is sent to the printer that is displayed at the top of the dialog box the default printer If you have selected to print a program cross reference one is printed for the entire program 3 7 3 7 3 8 3 8 Displaying and Printing Coils as Right Justified Use the Right Justify Coils after Verify feature to automatically move coils to the right side of the printout so that you can more easily read your program If coils are not blocked by another instruction the Editor aligns them against the first vertical page break Coils that already extend past this page break are moved left and up They are not moved to the next page break To display and print programs with right justified coils Step 1 From the Tools menu choose Options Step 2 On the General Tab choose Right Justify Coils after Verify Step3 Click OK Coils are only moved out to the grid limit when the limit is to the left of the first vertical page break The default option is not to right justify coils after verifying or printing a program The rungs are displayed and printed compressed up and to the power rail when you verify or print the program Printing Multiple Copies of Programs You can print more than one copy of a program at a time To print multiple copies of a program Step 1 Make sure that the program you want to print is in the active program window Step2 Do one ofthe
73. ions that you want to select Tip If the instructions you are selecting extend beyond where they are displayed on the screen you can scroll the screen to display the remaining instructions by extending the selection box against any side of the program window About Instruction Properties The Instruction Properties dialog box contains two tabs Use this tab For Instruction e changing the instruction s type Info e viewing the variable names used in the instruction s input and output parameters Variables e viewing the variables used in the instruction e entering a variable description e changing variable s data type scope initialization and display format specifying a maximum array index To access Instruction Properties from the File menu Step 1 Select an instruction Step 2 From the File menu choose Properties The Instruction Properties dialog box is displayed 2 9 To access Instruction Properties from the pop up menu Step 1 Point to the instruction and press the right mouse button Step 2 From the pop up menu choose Properties The Instruction Properties dialog box is displayed To display the variable properties tab choose Variables To display information about the instructions choose Instruction Info Quickly toggle between the two tabs by using CTRL TAB Changing an Instruction Type You can change an instruction to another compatible instruction without havin
74. ition is true Hatch marks in the rung status area identify rungs that are not executing For non executing rungs the power flow and last state information you see are those from the last time the rung executed since you started monitoring the online program Factors causing rungs not to execute are e They could be skipped via a Jump instruction e The program is executed based on an event e The program is stopped e The scan time of the program is very long 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 6 Monitoring Data in an Online Program While a program is running online the data is displayed as follows Forced variables are highlighted in the Forced Variable color defined via the Color Option tab of the Program Properties e Numeric values are displayed under the variable name You can define the data display format using the Variable Properties tab for the variable but only in an offline program Atimer s elapsed value is displayed under the timer variable name Acounter s current value is displayed under the counter variable name e lf the preset of a timer or counter variable is changed via logic the new preset value is displayed under the original preset value e For variables using element or bit indexing the display format is that of the base variable For example if you specified variable array to be displayed as decimal and the variable element to be displayed in hexadecimal the value of the variable array element
75. le in an event driven program Because these programs are based on the occurrence of an event the last scan variable may never be executed when used in an event driven program C 1 Using the Pre Defined Error Handling Variables Use the following Boolean variables to help you handle error conditions Use error eno and no error log for output read and write parameters You can use task error as either an input read only or output read and write parameter e task error This variable is set true whenever an error is found Monitor the bit to see if an error occurs during execu tion and clear it by using the ladder logic This bit is set true even if errors are not being logged error eno Use this bit to determine the value ENO outputs will have if the instruction has an error The default value is false which disables any instructions that are con nected to the ENO output possibly making math expressions incomplete When you set error eno true you can continue the execution of the logic con nected to the ENO output even if the instruction block had an error This variable can be changed during ladder logic program execution no error log Set this variable true to prevent errors from being entered into the program error log or being seen by the rung monitor Only one error is logged for each instruction per program scan however you may want to prevent the errors encountered on certain instructio
76. me but with a LOG extension It can be opened and viewed using a text editor like WordPad The Editor generates a log file for each program by default To create a verify log file Step 1 From the Tools menu choose Options Step 2 On the General tab select the Generate Log File option in the Verify group box Step 3 To accept the change click OK or Apply Tip Deselecting this option prevents the Editor from generating the log file Automatically Checking the Variable Configurator Database While Verifying a Program Select the Check Variable Configurator Database option in the General tab of Tools Options to automatically check the properties of a variable against the Variable Configurator database When this option is selected the Editor determines whether e global variables used in the program are declared in the Variable Configurator database global variables using Retained Value initialization are declared as non volatile global timer and counter variables are non volatile array variables used in the program have the same dimension as those defined in the Variable Configurator database The Editor checks the Variable Configurator database by default To automatically check the Variable Configurator database while verifying a program Step 1 From the Tools menu choose Options Step 2 On the General tab select the Check Variable Configurator Database option in the Verify group box Step 3 T
77. menu choose Set Force Unforce The Set Force Unforce Variables dialog box is displayed You should keep this dialog box open while you are setting forcing or unforcing multiple variables Step 3 If you want to set a local variable enter the name of the program in which the variable is used in the Program field If the variable is a global one leave the field blank Step 4 Enter the name of the variable to be set Only simple variables and array elements can be set If you had a simple variable selected before you chose the Set Force Unforce command this variable is the default If no variable was selected the last variable set forced or unforced is the default Step 5 In the Value State field enter the value or state to set For Boolean variables the valid range is on off true false T F 1 or 0 You can enter either decimal or hexadecimal values for non Boolean variables Step 6 Click Set to set the variable Note A value displayed in the Value State field is the last value set it is not the current value The value in this field is not monitored Tip To quickly fill in the Program and Variable Name field for a local variable you want to force select the variable in the program before choosing the Set Force Unforce command Selecting a global variable in the program before choosing the Set Force Unforce command fills in the Variable Name field in the Set Force Unforce dialog box 5 12 2 Tip Selecting a
78. mes Before you can copy cut or clear a variable name you must first select it To select a variable Step 1 Select the instruction that contains the variable you want to edit The variable name fields appear as dotted line boxes Step2 Click the dotted line box The outline becomes a solid box and the text is selected Changing a Variable s Data Type When you enter a variable name in an instruction s input or output parameter a default data type is assigned based on the instruction type If you want to change a variable s data type to something other than the default you can change it by using the Variable Properties tab IMPORTANT Changing the properties of a variable affects the variable not just a particular instance in which it is used For example if you change the data type of a variable from timer to integer and that variable happens to be used in a TON instruction this integer variable will no longer be allowed within the instruction 2 13 2 15 2 14 To change the data type for a variable Step 1 Select the instruction containing the variable whose data type you want to change Step 2 From the File menu or the pop up menu choose Properties The Instruction Properties dialog box is displayed Step 3 Choose the Variables tab The Variable Properties tab is displayed Step 4 Ifthe name of the variable you want is not displayed in the Name field use the list box to scroll through a list and choo
79. n keep these points in mind e Setting a variable using Retained Value initialization modifies the variable s retained value and this value becomes its new initial value e Setting a variable using User Specified Value initialization changes the variable s current value but not its initial value About Forcing a Variable To force a variable is to write a value to it that cannot be over written by an instruction or another program referencing the same variable Only unforcing the variable permits its value to be changed Up to 64 variables can be forced Forced variables are stored on force pages a maximum of four each containing 16 variables About the Set Force Unforce Dialog Box Both setting and forcing operations for ladder programs are selected from the Set Force Unforce dialog box This dialog box can be displayed in both a basic and an expanded form and is associated with only one rack connection at a time When you choose the Set Force Unforce option from the Online menu the basic Set Force Unforce dialog box is displayed This basic dialog box takes up less room on the screen than the expanded dialog box So that you can view more of your program The expanded dialog box takes up more room but has more options You can switch back and forth between the basic and expanded dialog boxes using the More button in the basic dialog box and the Less button in the expanded dialog box To set force or unforce variables you must
80. n online program the timer is reset when you remove the program from Test Mode without accepting the online changes To remove an online program from Test Mode while retaining pending changes Step 1 Make sure the program is in an active program window Step2 Do one ofthe following e From the Online menu choose Quit Test Mode The Editor prompts you to confirm your decision or e Click on Step 3 To remove the program from Test Mode click Yes Clicking No removes the question box leaving your program in Test Mode The online program continues to display the modified rungs You can continue to make changes or cancel all the online changes You must accept added deleted or modified rungs before they can be installed in the Processor again Canceling All Changes Made to an Online Program You can cancel any pending changes made to an online program or remove the program from Test Mode by using the Cancel All Changes command Pending changes are those that have not yet been committed to the Processor You cannot cancel changes to a variable that resulted in setting forcing or unforcing it or changing its initial value since these changes take effect immediately To cancel all changes made to an online program Step 1 Make sure the program is in an active program window The program can be in Test Mode Step 2 From the Online menu choose Cancel All Changes The Editor prompts you to confirm your decision Step
81. nnot add or edit variable or rung descriptions See About the Limitations for Inserting and Modifying Rungs in Online Programs in Appendix D for more information When you add global variables make sure the variables are non volatile and do not have retained initialization data You must define global variables in the Variable Configurator database If you enter a global variable in an online ladder program and that variable is not in the Variable Configurator database you get a verify error when you commit the online changes IMPORTANT Add global variables to the Variable Configurator database before making the online changes You can also view rung and variable descriptions When opening an online program you can choose whether or not you want to display rung and variable descriptions When you open an online program the logic is uploaded from the Processor to your computer If you choose to display the variable and rung descriptions these are extracted from the program s source file which must be accessible by located on the computer you are using to edit the online version of the program For more information see Choosing To Display Descriptions While Editing Viewing an Online Ladder Program in the AutoMax Ladder Editor and Enhanced Ladder Language online help 5 1 5 1 5 2 About Accepting and Downloading Your Changes When you set force unforce or change a variable s initial value the change takes effect immediatel
82. ns Step 4 When you are ready to print the program choose OK The document is sent to the printer that is displayed at the top of the dialog box the default printer What Is Included in a Printed Copy of a Program Your program printout includes the items you have chosen to print using the Print Options tab A program printout includes e header information which describes the program s path when it was last edited and whether the page is the program s source code or cross reference e rungs which you can select to print using the Print Options tab e variable and rung descriptions both of which you can select to print using the Print Options tab program and instruction cross references both of which you can select to print using the Print Options tab see below for more information on the program cross reference e initial value table for the variables that have a user specified or retained initial value that is different from the default value program properties table which lists pertinent data about the program such as e the program s name and path program s scan time displayed in the Scan Info Tab of the Program Properties e the number of rungs and symbols in the program e the date the program was created and the date it was last revised e the size of the program s image its verify status and the amount of online reserve memory it requires see Appendix D for more information W
83. ns from being entered into the error log The default state for the no error log is false You can suppress error messages for a group of rungs by changing this variable during program execution STOP ALL errors and parameter limit errors for AR1 AR2 and ARC instructions are still inserted into the error log when the no error log variable is true Using the Pre Defined Ladder Execution Time Variables Use the following double integer variables to help you check and monitor the program s execution time Only use these variables as input parameters task usec max Use this variable to monitor the maximum execution time in us for the current program e task usec now Use this variable to monitor the latest execution time in us of the current program The execution time is the real clock time it took the program to run from start to finish It includes the execution time for higher priority programs and interrupt service routines if they run while your program is running To reset these times write a value of 0 into the variable C 2 Appendix D Online Editing Memory Limits Limits exist for the amount of memory reserved for editing programs online The Editor reserves a default 4096 bytes for editing programs online However you can change the amount of memory reserved for online editing See Specifying the Amount of Memory Reserved for Editing a Program Online in this Appendix for more in
84. nt true is displayed until the trigger is reset or cleared Capturing the State of Logic Based on a Coil Becoming False You can freeze the power flow of a rung based on its upper right most coil turning off becoming false You use the Coil Off command from the Capture Trigger menu When a rung has a Coil Off trigger set the rung is marked with a letter f in the rung status area To set a Coil Off trigger Step 1 Select the rung or at least one instruction in the rung for which you want to set a trigger See Selecting Rungs section 2 2 or Selecting Instructions section 2 7 for more information Step 2 From the Online menu select Capture Trigger Move the mouse to the right to display the Capture Trigger menu Step 3 From the Capture Trigger menu choose Coil Off When the coil goes false T is displayed in the status area and power flow stops updating The state of the rung when the coil went false is displayed until the trigger is reset or cleared 5 11 3 5 11 4 5 11 5 Capturing the State of Logic Based on a Rung Error You can freeze the power flow of a rung based on a run time error occurring within the rung Run time errors may be those caused by an instruction You use the Rung Error command from the Capture Trigger menu When a rung has a Rung Error trigger set the rung is an marked with a letter e in the rung status area To set a Rung Error trigger Step 1 Select the rung or at least
85. o accept the change click OK or Apply Tip Deselecting this option prevents the Editor from checking the Variable Configurator database This makes verifying a program faster However you cannot install and run a program that contains global variables that are not defined in the Variable Configurator database 4 3 4 4 Specifying Whether To Include Warning Messages When Verifying Programs Select the Ignore Warnings option in the General tab options from the Tools menu to prevent verify warnings from being displayed in the Verify Output window and verify log file if the log file is generated Verify error messages are always displayed in the output window and log file By default the Editor includes verify warning messages in the output window and log file of offline programs that you verify The Editor does not include warning messages arising from committing online changes or placing the program in Test Mode To prevent warning messages from displaying in the verify log file Step 1 From the Tools menu choose Options Step2 On the General tab deselect the Ignore Warnings option in the Verify group box Step 3 To accept the change click OK or Apply Resolving Verify Errors The Verify Output window lists error messages and if you choose warning messages that help you debug a program Error messages also include the rung number and grid location of the logic in which the verify error occurred For example This e
86. o access the Variable Properties dialog box from the pop up menu Point to the instruction containing the variables to which you want to add or edit a description press the right mouse button and choose Properties from the pop up menu Tip Move around in the name field by using the mouse HOME END and arrow keys Delete text by using BACKSPACE or DELETE Tip To select the instruction and access the pop up menu place the mouse pointer over the instruction and click the right mouse button Using Variable Smart Matching Variable smart matching is an option you can use to help you enter variable names in less time The Editor maintains an alphabetical and case sensitive list of variables you have used When this option is on and you begin entering letters in the variable name field the first variable name in the Editor s list that matches the first letter or letters you have typed appears in the variable name field For example if you have previously used the variables pump and packet and you type the letter p in a variable name the word packet is inserted into the variable name field If packet is the variable name you want you can stop typing If you had typed a P global variables which begin with an uppercase P would have been offered by the Variable Smart Matching option If variable smart matching displays a variable name that you only want to use part of you must delete the extra characters by press
87. online program use the Accept or Commit Test Mode Changes commands For more information see Chapter 5 0 1 3 1 5 1 4 1 6 Saving Programs Automatically As You Work To make sure that you do not lose work you can use the Automatic Save Every feature to save your offline ladder programs at a specified interval for example every ten minutes Specify whether you want your programs to be saved automatically and the time interval to use within the General Options tab Files that are saved automatically are stored in the same directory as the original ladder program and under the same name However the file extension for an automatically saved file is ASV To automatically save programs as you work Step 1 From the Tools menu choose Options Step 2 On the General tab choose Automatic Save Every Step 3 Using the Minutes spinner box choose or type the time interval in minutes that you want the Editor to wait before it automatically saves the ladder program Choose an interval from 1 to 120 minutes The default setting is 10 minutes The program is saved at your specified time interval whenever a change to the program has been made since the last automatic save If a program you are trying to open has a more current autosaved copy the Editor prompts you to choose either the autosaved file or the program file you last saved The auto saved copy of a ladder program is deleted whenever you save the program by us
88. oose to commit any online changes or place the program in Test Mode Online program changes cannot be downloaded to a Processor and run until they are successfully verified Each program has its own Verify Output window that lists the error warning and status messages generated during the verify process Because the Verify Output window is separate from the program window you can easily switch between the program and the verify messages as you troubleshoot your program The title of the Verify Output window is the name of the program appended by a LOG extension If you choose to verify the program again while the Verify Output window is open the information in the window is overwritten Within the Verify Output window you can search for text and print the log file When offline programs are verified the Editor does not check the Variable Configurator or create a verify log file unless you set the applicable options in the General tab of Tool Options See sections 4 1 and 4 2 for more information To verify a program Step 1 Make sure the program you want to verify is the active program Step 2 From the Tools menu choose Verify 4 1 4 1 4 2 4 2 Creating a Verify Error Log File Select the Generate Log File option in the General Options tab to create a log file on disk containing the same error warning and status messages as the Verify Output window This file is stored in the same path as the program with the same na
89. points to keep in mind if you set triggers on rungs that already contain a trigger If a rung already has a trigger set Then the Editor and you e modify the rung or clears the trigger scroll the rung off the screen or e close the program window select the same trigger type for a new resets the trigger trigger select a different trigger type for a clears the current new trigger trigger and assigns the new trigger to the rung The Editor notifies you when another online connection has set a trigger for the same rung 5 13 5 11 1 5 11 2 5 14 Capturing the State of Logic Based on a Coil Becoming True You can freeze the power flow of a rung based on its upper right most coil turning on becoming true You use the Coil On command from the Capture Trigger menu When a rung has a Coil On trigger set the rung is marked with a letter o in the rung status area To set a Coil On trigger Step 1 Select the rung or at least one instruction in the rung for which you want to set a trigger See Selecting Rungs section 2 2 or Selecting Instructions section 2 7 for more information Step 2 From the Online menu select Capture Trigger Move the mouse to the right to display the Capture Trigger menu Step 3 From the Capture Trigger menu choose Coil On When the coil goes true T is displayed in the status area and power flow stops updating The state of the rung when the coil we
90. ptions e You cannot change any Program Properties Some instructions use internal buffers to perform their operation Consequently the state of the following instructions operation is stored from program scan to program scan e Counter instruction CTUD e Array instructions AR1 AR2 ARC ASU ASD e Shift Register instructions SL SR RL and RR e Set Event instruction SET During online editing the state information is only transferred if you have not added moved modified or deleted any of the instructions The Editor warns you when state information is not transferred D 1 Specifying the Amount of Memory Reserved for Editing a Program Online You can increase or decrease the amount of memory reserved for changes made to an online program by using the Program Info tab of the Program Properties You must change the program s properties in an offline editing session of the program The maximum amount of memory you can reserve is 20480 bytes the minimum is 2048 bytes To specify the amount of memory reserved for editing a program online Step 1 Make sure you are editing the program offline Step 2 Access the Program Properties See About Program Properties Step 3 From the Program Info tab enter the amount of bytes you want to reserve for online changes in the Online Reserved Memory field Enter a value between 2048 bytes and 20480 bytes The default amount is 4096 bytes Step4 Click OK to accept the change D
91. r another the newly placed instruction automatically connects to the one adjacent to it Similarly you can insert an instruction between two instructions by simply dragging it between the existing two Tip If you frequently use the instruction on a toolbar palette you may want to turn the toolbar palette on See Turning the Toolbars and Palettes On and Off in Appendix A Tip If you delete or cut the first instruction of a rung the left power rail connection stays indicating that you can insert a new instruction Insert the new instruction to the right of the left power rail connector Tip You can move or copy one or more instructions from one rung and insert them into another rung See Moving Instructions and Copying Instructions in the AutoMAx Ladder Editor online help 2 5 2 5 2 6 2 6 Connecting Instructions Drawing Wires Connect instructions when you want to create branches parallel logic or to connect two or more instructions together that were placed too far apart for them to connect automatically Connect instructions by drawing wires You can use the grid markers to help you determine where instructions will be placed and where you can draw wires To connect instructions Step 1 Place the cursor near a connection point for an instruction For relay logic the connection point is either the left side for coils or both sides for contacts For block instructions the connection points ar
92. r the up and down arrow keys position the cursor at the point in the program where you would like to split the screen Step 3 Press ENTER or click the mouse button once to position the split between the panes To view different parts of the same program by clicking on the splitter bar e While pointing to the splitter bar press the left mouse button drag the splitter bar to the desired location and release the button To remove the splitter bar e Click on the splitter bar and drag it to the top or bottom of the window or e Double click anywhere on the splitter bar Editing Multiple Programs You can edit multiple programs up to 15 within the Editor at the same time Each program has its own window Only one window at a time can be the active window which you can identify by the highlighted title bar and rung status area To edit multiple ladder programs from the Task Manager Step 1 From the Task Manager select each ladder program that you want to edit Step 2 From the Task Menu choose Edit The files you selected are opened along with the Editor Step 3 From the Editor s Window menu select Tile or Cascade All non minimized programs are arranged within the Ladder Editor window Or use the mouse to arrange the windows on the desktop Step4 Click on the program window to make it active before editing the program 1 5 1 6 1 9 To edit multiple ladder programs from the Editor Step 1 From the Fil
93. ramming only The Editor provides these features to help you create your ladder programs More easily view and work with rungs in the same program or in different programs Because the Editor is based on Microsoft Windows 95 you can e Use familiar menu commands and toolbar icons for typical Windows features like restore maximize open save cut copy and more e Display multiple rungs at the same time e Display rungs from different parts of the program at the same time e Display rungs from more than one program at the same time e Use pop up menus to access frequently used commands More easily edit ladder programs Because of the drag and drop functionality and property sheets for each program element you can e Cut copy paste individual instructions and rungs or groups of instructions and rungs e Move rungs by selecting them and dragging them with the mouse Create a work in progress program by building rungs without variable names or coils when you end an editing session e Insert instructions and branches or change an instruction type or variable name without any re typing e Reduce the amount of typing by importing the variable descriptions for global variables from the Variable Configurator Also while entering variable names you can choose from a list of smart matched names e Insert new rungs without renumbering existing rungs e Add rung descriptions which become part of the rung Create programs u
94. rror In Rung 8 at location 4 1 Variables of type Timer or Counter cannot be used on a coil Means The coil located in the fourth column of the first row in rung 8 has a timer or counter associated with it Because the Verify Output window is separate from the program window you can easily switch between the program and the verify messages as you troubleshoot your program Tip To switch between the two windows press CTRL F6 4 3 5 0 Editing Programs Online Editing a program online lets you modify ladder logic and the initial values of variables as well as set force and unforce variables You can be connected to a Processor via a serial connection or a PC Link interface connection If you are connected via the PC Link module you can have multiple online programs from different networked racks opened simultaneously While a program is running you can view the power flow of executing logic variable state information and any instruction runtime error codes generated An Overview of Editing and Downloading the Changes Step 1 Open the program by using the Monitor PC Program command from the Editor Task Manager or System Configurator Step 2 Make your changes to the online program Step 3 Accept the changes Step 4 Download the program modifications to the Processor About the Changes You Can Make While editing an online program you can add new variables with some limitations and restrictions but you ca
95. rtcuts for the Editor To Do the following Open a program Press CTRL O Save a program Press CTRL S Print a program Press CTRL P Access properties for a program item Press F2 Rungs instructions and variables must be selected first Move to the next field Press TAB Move to the previous field Press SHIFT TAB Select all the rungs in a program Press CTRL A Cut rungs instructions or text Select the item s to be cut and press CTRL X Copy rungs instructions or text Select the item s to be copied and press CTRL C Paste text Press CTRL V Paste rungs or instructions Press CTRL V Drag the logic from the Paste Palette Clear rungs instructions or text Select the item s to be cleared and press DEL Go to a rung Press CTRL G Turn on Rung Descriptions Only Press F5 Access the Zoom dialog box Press F7 Access the Find dialog box Press CTRL F Access the Replace dialog box Press CTRL R Find the next match Press SHIFT F4 Find the previous match Press SHIFT F5 Access the Online Task Manager Press F9 Monitor a PC program Press F10 Quit Test Mode Press CTRL Q Access the application window Press ALT Spacebar control menu Access the program control menu Press ALT dash Close the active window Press CTRL F4 Switch to the next program window Press CTRL F6
96. ry At the dialog box prompting you to convert the program choose Yes The Editor does the following e replaces the old ladder instructions with the corresponding ones from the enhanced ladder instruction set converts any remark sequences into a rung consisting of one coil The coil names are those of the keywords from the old remarks These new variables are local variables The remark text becomes the rung description for the new rung Any tabs in the remark sequences are converted to single space characters copies any variable description text to the new program and truncates the text to 40 characters e renumbers the rungs starting at number one preserves any preset values for timers and counters creates new timer and counter data structures by using the variable name of the current timer or counter value as the name of the new timer or counter data structure The EN input of the new counter instruction is connected to the power rail converts the task time in seconds to the equivalent number of ticks as defined for the Processor within which the program is slated to run e deletes any descriptions associated with individually defined array elements These descriptions are not carried over to the converted program converts shift instructions to a Shift Left Instruction See About How Shift Instructions Are Converted into the Ladder Editor in this Appendix To save the converted file choose the
97. s printed on a page the next rung in the program prints on a new page This symbol prints on the right side of the page indicating that instructions are being extended to the next line This symbol prints on the left side of the page indicating that the instructions are continuations of the rung or branch above 3 6 3 5 3 6 Wires and instructions can also be split See the following example gt gt gt m Note that this instruction is a continuation from the first branch Inserting and Deleting Page Breaks Use a page break to paginate a program s printout for a cleaner look To insert or delete a page break Step 1 If you are inserting a page break select a program object with which you want to start a new page If you are deleting a page break select a program object that starts a new page Step 2 From the Insert menu choose Page Break The Editor inserts or deletes the page break above the selected program object Page breaks are displayed horizontally across the screen Printing a Range of Rungs If you do not want to print an entire program you can print a range of rungs that you have selected To print a range of rungs Step 1 Within the program select the rungs you want to print Step2 Do one of the following e Click on or e From the File menu choose Print or e Press CTRL P Step 3 In the Print dialog box choose Selected Rungs Step 4 Define page marg
98. s edited online Step 1 Make sure the online edited program for which you want to view the original version is in the active online program window Step 2 Do one of the following e From the Online menu choose Show Original program or e Click on In the Original Program window power flow and rung numbers are displayed as they appear in the online edited version If a rung was deleted the corresponding rung in the Original Program window is marked with a D revision mark and displayed using the color defined for modified rungs The Editor updates the original program window with any changes you make to the online program For example if you insert a rung in the online program the rung numbers in the original program are updated However you cannot make any changes to the original program it is a read only file When you cancel all changes made to an online program this program then matches the original version When you commit changes made to an online program the Editor updates the version displayed in the original program window to match the one in the online program window 5 11 Capturing the State of Logic in an Online Program While monitoring a program you can freeze or capture the power flow of a given rung using the Capture Trigger command from the Online menu When the trigger is activated becomes true the state of the rung is captured and displayed The rung s power flow information is not update
99. se it The Variable Properties dialog box for that variable is displayed Step 5 Using the Type list box choose the data type for the variable Step 6 Click OK to accept the change Tip Integer variables default to a 16 bit integer If you want the variable to be a double integer 32 bits you must change its type to double integer Tip Quickly toggle between the Instruction Info and Variables tabs by using CTRL TAB Tip To select the instruction and access the pop up menu place the mouse pointer over the instruction and click the right mouse button Changing a Variable s Scope The scope of a variable can be either global or local When you first enter a variable its scope is defined based on the case of the first letter you type An upper case letter defines the variable to be global A lower case letter defines it to be local You can change a variable s scope by using the Variable Properties tab Compound variables element indexed or bit indexed variable names are treated as separate variables with their own properties including scope For example TANK fill is a compound variable TANK is a global variable and fill is a local variable For element indexed and bit indexed variables using a number as the index the scope of the variable is determined by the named variable For example the scope of the variable TANK 31 would would be determined by TANK which would appear in the variable list If the variable were TANK 3
100. sing an enhanced set of ladder instructions The AutoMax Ladder language has been enhanced to include support for e An expanded instruction set based on the IEC 1131 3 standard e Variable names of up to 16 characters e Multiple coils per rung e More instructions per rung and more parallel branches e Easier access to bits within integers and arrays for example INPUT VAR 31 or array var index bit num More easily edit online programs When editing an online program you can e Identify inserted deleted or modified rungs e View the original program while you are editing an online version of the same program e Monitor and modify timer and counter preset values e Test online edits before permanently downloading them to the Processor Set force and unforce variables from within the Editor Where to Find More Information This instruction manual describes the AutoMax Enhanced Ladder Editor For information about the Ladder language refer to instruction manual J2 3094 The information in both instruction manuals can also be accessed in the AutoMax Ladder Editor and Enhanced Ladder Language help file MAXED HLP The help file contains additional information not found in either instruction manual For more information about the AutoMax Programming Executive refer to J2 3089 The thick black bar shown at the right hand margin of this page will be used throughout this instruction manual to signify new or revised text or
101. sociated with the button To access these instructions Click on this button relay timers and counters shift and move instructions comparison math array program control immediate input and output and I O read and write Ee E EC e EINE A 2 A 3 About the Instruction Palettes You access an instruction palette by pointing and clicking on a Ladder Language toolbar button Once the instruction palette is displayed you drag instructions from it and insert them into a program Instructions that perform similar operations are grouped together on a palette For example all relay instructions are grouped together on the relay palette If you frequently use instructions from a particular palette you can choose to keep it open You can then just choose an instruction and drag it into your program without having to click on the ladder toolbar palette You can move opened palettes into the program area where it becomes a floating palette or anchor them along any screen area s edge The available palettes are Relays e Normally Open Contact NOI e Always False Contact AFI e Normally Closed Contact NCI e Coil CO e Positive Transition Contact PTI e Set Latch Coil SCO Negative Transition Contact NTI e Reset Unlatch Coil RCO e Always True Contact ATI Timers Counters e Timer On Delay TON e Retentive Timer On RTO e Timer Off Delay TOF e Count Up Down CTUD
102. t to indexed variable names For example the description displayed for the variable TANK fill would be for the variable TANK The descriptions can contain a maximum of 40 characters You must turn on variable descriptions to view them To enter a variable description by clicking into the variable description field above a variable Step 1 Make sure that the variable descriptions are turned on Step 2 Select the instruction Step3 Click in the variable description field above the variable for which you want to enter a description When selected the variable description field is outlined by a solid border Step 4 Enter a description containing a maximum of 40 characters Tip A shortcut to entering a variable description is to click twice on the variable name and press TAB to advance to the variable description field Enter a maximum of 40 characters of text 2 12 2 12 To enter a variable description by using the Variables tab in the Instruction Properties dialog box Step 1 Select the instruction that contains the variables you want to document Step 2 From the File menu choose Properties The Instruction Property dialog box is displayed Step 3 Choose the Variables tab The Variables Properties box is displayed Step4 In the Name list box choose the variable you want to document Step 5 Click on the Description field and type in the description Step 6 Click OK to add the description Tip You can als
103. the program The last error number and its text message is displayed along with the rung number in which the error occurred Information about any bus errors Error 31 is also displayed For specific information about run time error codes see the AutoMax Enhanced Ladder Language Reference Manual J2 3094 To view run time errors Step 1 Make sure the online program for which you want to view run time errors is the active program Step 2 Access Program Properties dialog box in one of following Ways e With no program items selected choose Properties from the File menu or e With no program items selected and the mouse pointer resting on the grid area away from any instructions or wires press the right mouse button to display the pop up menu From the pop up menu choose Properties Step 3 Choose the Error Log tab To clear the error log Step 1 Access the Error Log tab from the Program Properties dialog box See step 2 above for more information Step 2 Click Clear Errors Step3 Click OK Appendix A Toolbars Palettes and the Status Bar A 1 About the Standard Toolbar The Standard toolbar contains shortcut buttons to many menu commands such as cut copy paste save and print It is located by default at the top edge of the program window but you can move it to another location By pausing the pointer over a toolbar button you can display a brief description of the button You can choose to display or
104. tput set the variable ERROR_ENO true 2 7 Selecting Instructions Before you can copy cut clear or move an instruction you must first select it To select an instruction e Click on any part of the instruction such as the instruction itself a variable used in the instruction or the description or e Draw a selection box around the instruction A selection box is a dotted line rectangle like this A selected instruction looks like this a To select an instruction by drawing a selection box Step 1 Think of the instruction you want to select as being enclosed in a box and position the pointer on the white space at either the top or bottom corners Step2 Press the left mouse button The cursor changes to Step 3 Draw a selection box around the instruction by moving the mouse diagonally across the instruction Once the instruction is enclosed in the box release the mouse button The instruction is now selected 2 7 2 8 2 8 To select multiple contiguous instructions by drawing a selection box e Draw a selection box to encompass the instructions you want to select You can only select instructions that belong to the same rung or Step 1 Select an instruction Step 2 X While pressing SHIFT place the mouse pointer on the selected instruction and press the left mouse button A selection box appears Step 3 While holding down the mouse button drag the selection box to encompass the instruct
105. uctions are set when the instruction is executed Therefore if a variable is used as an input and as an output within the same program you can use a more recent value for the input if the output instruction is executed first For example the variable motor 1 E 2 used on the NOI instruction will contain a more recent value since motor 1 of the coil is executed first The motor 1 output is set upon execution W motor 1 FM motor 1 n o a ft However do not create a rung where the same variable is used on an input and an output and the output is executed first Creating such a rung results in a verify error The following figure shows such a rung Ng The following figure illustrates how rungs and parallel branches are executed E 3 1 Rung 1 is the first rung in the program to be executed a b c d In 9 2 Rung 2 is the second rung to be executed e f SS m 3 Rung 3 is executed next Instuction i is executed first followed by g if i is not true When i is true g is skipped and coil h is then executed g h i f 4 Rung 4 is executed fourth The parallel branch comprised of instructions j 1 and the GT instruction are all executed the GT instruction is executed first followed by j and then 1 J GT Q Inl gt In2 gt In3 EN ENG Ini In2 In3 5 Rung 5 is executed next This rung is an example of how you can use a variable as an output in a parallel branch and then as an input to the branch abo
106. ung Step 1 From the Tools menu choose Options A tabbed dialog box is displayed Step 2 From the General tab locate the Per Rung Instruction Grid group box Step3 Enter the desired values for the Horizontal and Vertical fields The Editor uses these new values for all subsequent programs you open Step 4 Click OK to accept the new grid size Turning the Grid On and Off Use the grid to help you see where instructions will be placed and where you can draw wires You can select whether to display the grid used by the Editor to lay out rungs The grid is displayed using symbols To turn the grid on or off from the View menu e From the View menu choose Grid Selecting Rungs Before you can copy cut or move a rung you must first select it You can select a rung by doing any of the following e Click on or near the rung number or e Click on the rung description text when displayed or e Draw a selection box around the entire rung A selection box is a dotted line rectangle like this A selected rung looks like this u Tip If rung numbers are not displayed you can still select the rung by clicking in the rung status area next to the rung To select a rung by drawing a selection box Step 1 Think of the rung you want as being enclosed in a box and position the pointer on the white space at either the top or bottom corners Step2 Press the left mouse button The cursor changes to Step 3
107. ve The ADD block is executed first followed by the MUL instruction Since output kk is updated after the ADD instruction executes the newly updated value is used in the MUL instruction MUL Out In1 In2 ENO Out ADD Out Inl In2 In3 ENO Out 6 Rung 6 is executed last The instructions are executed in this order y z W X m N O m n o I 1 w x m y z e E 4 Appendix F Converting Ladder Programs Created Using an Older Version of AutoMax You must convert any ladder program that was created using an AutoMax Executive earlier than V4 X before you can edit it using the V4 X ladder editor and the enhanced ladder instruction set Once you convert the program you cannot use it with an earlier PC editor You can convert ladder programs by doing any of the following selecting a pre V4 0 system from the System Configurator e copying a system section rack or program opening a program from the Editor See Opening Programs section 1 2 The software prompts you to convert the system which includes converting old ladder programs Any conversion warnings are posted in a log file If the programs are converted when a system section or rack is converted the warnings are placed in the file UPDATE LOG If you convert an individual program from the Editor the warnings are placed in the file program name LOG You can find UPDATE LOG in the system directory and program name LOG in the rack directo
108. y in the online program Other changes such as adding deleting or modifying a rung must be accepted before the change takes effect You can accept one or all rungs that have been added deleted or changed Accept changes that you want to download to the Processor Once any changes are accepted you can temporarily load them into the Processor place the program in test mode or permanently download them to the Processor commit the changes Before any changes are downloaded to the Processor either permanently or temporarily the changes are verified using the same rules used for verifying offline programs If the program does not pass the verification process you must correct the errors and accept them again An edited online program is downloaded to a Processor only when all the accepted changes to the program have been successfully verified The verified changes are downloaded to the Processor as a group not as individual rungs See About How Changes Made to Online Programs are Verified in section 5 9 for more information About Accessing the Online Task Manager You can access the Online Task Manager from the Editor Task Manager or the System Configurator The Online Task Manager and the Editor cannot share the same communication channel If you need to use the Online Task Manager while editing an online ladder program you must place the Editor in a paused state By pausing the Editor you free up the communication channel so the

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