bioproc.
Contents
1. 1v Indefinite As noted in the cue trapezoidal integration is used to calculate the indefinite integral a definite integral is a number an indefinite integral is a function The original data are erased v Cumulative function As noted in the cue the accumulative function of selected channels is computed The original data are erased vi Gadd Severity Index GSI A measure of the severity of positive acceleration it is calculated for all channels A negative answer indicates an error resulting from negative accelerations being present vit Head Injury Criterion HIC The head injury criterion is calculated for all channels An error results if the data are not positive accelerations 12 viii Integration window Integrates and resets after specified number of data Low pass filter Filtering is used to increase the signal to noise ratio of the collected data Although noise can never be entirely eliminated with careful selection of the cutoff frequency it can be greatly attenuated without significant signal distortion As noted in the provided cue selected channels are filtered with a low pass fourth order critically damped zero lag filter The cutoff frequency can be set separately for each channel with zero indicating no filtering Mathematics functions This option enables many different mathematical processes to be performed on the data When each is chosen a cue will appear giving a brief description of the2. Biomechanics Laboratory School of Human Kinetics University of Ottawa BioProc User s Manual Memory left 380800 Version 1 63d 28 March 1999 c 1989 99 School of Human Kinetics University of Ottawa All rights reserved Programmed by D Gordon E Robertson and Michael Marcoux Original version by Don Bradley Concept and design by Don Bradley and Mario Lamontagne Other contributors Edward Lemaire Stephen Murphy Andr Gadouas F8 Graph set F10 Plot multi F12 Time D Gordon E Robertson Ph D and Sheila Purkiss M Sc Biomechanics Laboratory Last revised January 2001 School of Human Kinetics University of Ottawa TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OR CONT ENS y a a il BioProc USERS MANUAL ssc cadies tae A gaia ea ke ead 1 MPO CUCHOM yess Seis eevee a baw amp bs ae E es A Re Sas a ae Wane bee em eee 1 Cotino tardara OS ele et ber a des daba her ad e e a s 2 MAR Ment A A AA A tne See Seas oot wie one ese 2 Function Key Options Visa da 3 Open Men AA AAA AA Peete A EE EA 4 BioA D menu and BioA D ch 0 AAA AAA AAA ees 4 Anel 34928 e a a do e a e ANE Oo es 4 BIO Wale ua id orita da idad 5 Clear d ta iaa 5 Ensemble average oios da TR A a EAA Ea E ei a a LO E 5 Fourier transfor i Aes rank Rl eae a e yet e EE tee ie aa 5 Generatedata sis ss Ae a Se nee ad 5 OAL ti A RA R ER O ts 5 G Bids sisas is Ded An ao DA es Pod a ne ase 5 AL STMT ahaa A oka hg RS Vw aaa 6 Gy Impulse ii end ence ere a eee eres 6
3. 1461 Chr 74 1280 Pagetp Duwii 1718Ul Jiv 666 Alt fns Alt G multiaxcs Alt 1 9 1 9 axcs Alt P pair acs Alt Fi title 60G AIL F2 resel all AlL F3 cuumtesil fill BeC bwrcul Jiv 6006 sys Sopercentage y axes D dese stats I integrals 7 zoom in out GGG L Lines F Fuints H Higliluws M Meuans V view diyilall wiv 666 GGG 51 13 The last help menu appears when lt Alt F1 gt is pressed and when the screen is printed with lt F5 gt menus appear below Axes Single axis In this mode all waveforms are plotted on the same axis but with the same or different scaling To switch to this mode while in graphics mode press lt Alt 1 gt Multiple axes In this mode waveforms are plotted on as many axes as required or specified in the Graph setup Press lt Alt 0 gt to switch to this mode while in Graph mode You can have 2 3 4 or more depending upon the number of waveforms These number of axes can be realized by pressing lt Alt gt where is replaced by the number of axes desired Alternately pressing lt F10 gt the program will cycle through the number of axes until it reaches 9 or the maximum number of waveforms and then reverts to single axis mode Paired axes For certain data files e g ensemble average files the graph mode starts in paired mode where each pair of waveforms are plotted on the same axes With ensemble averaged files the first waveform is the mean and the second is the standard deviati
4. Y NOISE Sat tarts cane sa ha ata eee es He eae dos 6 QL SSD ara te ete A A el es Dat tt EA 08 6 Sa SQUALO Te 6 MID RAMD sir 6 UR SINE ys ac A EE 6 K Tele sas dE BG ee Pate Re BES eae 6 COLES ALOU 4 ea AA E SO oe a 6 Cl ZETOS a Paneer ck aan tee Aes heh eee DAE E eS ae R eae 6 BioProc DINAN diia as Sapa ad Hee ee eas 6 Globallab 0 DARE 22 tone sy cena A A Senge e sae 6 OM abel csc crise e e det e e gi O re de e O dd 7 Path ch ng orade ES a E eee ws 7 Reload rta terror di te a BiGEroe ASCIL Le AE E Rene ee 7 TIME CIPOLLETTI E ER S 7 View Menu sys rera A SG EEE a A SG Oe eae A ee ES 7 APDE and CAPD Si Boece S T BIOS a e a a en aa do O es AN 7 COMAS A O AS DAA DA 8 Data Dit aaa ada 8 Experiment information ad esq ie ee Ad e AA APA AA SNE 8 Fourier analysis er rs es sd 8 Pau cue ANALYSIS nt A E A A A 8 Channel information bota ta prod da td A dc de 8 Multiple Axesor te de Shwe kena eae ta 8 O A Rip ice Loa CEN TO 8 Graph setup A O 8 Video film information 37s owes PS Il bee E eS eee 8 Sima A o e e a ets a e A ed e Sy 9 Analyze Mens ta A AA A it a a 9 Analyze forces tea pescando apt el pda lle dead es 9 Bias removal ut A AE AAA AS AAA AAA A 9 Corel AMO AS Ae A A 9 Descriptive Statisties Tart ad e ds a e AS 9 EMG IDEM iuocsite sacerdotal de res 9 APDF and CAPDE apa e aN R E 10 G Digital A a esa a Gin ES O 10 Gii FOURIER ANALYSIS 43 3200 enchant O a WR eae 10 Gy Batgue analysis wives
5. undo or view bias and scaling operations See Bias removal and Scaling subsections under the Analyze menu Multiply channels Use this option to multiply two or more channels together Useful for KinCom files to computer power produced by moment of force moment times angular velocity in rad s Reload This option reloads channels from the original data file Subtract channels Use this option to subtract one channel from another Press the lt X gt key then the lt Y gt key to perform the subtraction Y X One two channels can be subtracted at one time Edit Menu Graph setup lt F8 gt This option allows for the rearranging and removal of waveforms from the graphical display Also the labels and colours of each waveform can be modified from the menu presented By entering a zero for the graph number a waveform can be removed from the graphical display Two waveforms can be displayed within the same axes by entering the same graph number for each waveform Note blank areas will appear if the graph numbers are not continuous Figure 21 Edit menu Comments Use this option to edit the COMMENTS file associated with the data If no file exists one will be created Be sure to press the lt Page Down gt key to have the changes saved or use the lt Save menu gt Help Menu lt F6 gt Command line The commands and switches needed to run this program in command line mode are listed and described in this option The files BI
6. viata ee E Sy eatin ee Oe og 10 v Integral Staustits 00 25 52 6 4400 dd bea 10 vi Linear envelope ibiza AA teed 10 vii Normalize menu ti a eet at A a 10 Vill Rectify a ahd Sy EAE Peay GAGS 10 Gx Descriptive statistics es propano ewe Oye ey 10 x Integration window isk a De ke A te 10 Fourier ANALYSIS 4 00 2 4 c lt A Mae Reed See ot 10 High pass AEE seno A ds leida 11 Integration 2325 sei sade een ees e A E E AA 11 SIMPSONS Lo hae eed fee A A AO E a kee Petes 11 Gi Trapezoidall in tul e add UE te e 11 ii Reimann eaire ea e o a DIME AA Saw PENA RE AERP ERG GOS 11 Gy Dde iE susana dades eon ad wea wage seh esa 11 v Cumulative TUCASA poe Saree AA os 11 vi Gadd Severity Index GSD is oe eee eke sete ee 11 vit Head Injury Criterion HIC 0 ee eee 11 viii Integration window 0 cece eee ee eee nee 12 OW Pass ler a Berd See She eh We Re ee 12 Mathematics functions 2 0 42 Sete gosto ls eal Seated ee tee 12 1 Absolute Valles La a LP eg ee ee renee AG Rae en 12 MBA AS SE 12 Gii Cumulative function tb as a a outed ta 12 GV Differentiation a AAA A AA AAA ta RG 12 A E WER ep cea E 12 CN A se Ses se Ses ee he Naan eee 5 12 O A eae a eh ee Reed ea as wa 12 ai Normalize 5 4 53 eds Pia oe Se eas 12 Gx Power TUNA caia at a ti A tab 12 x SQUATE TOOL nr le at 12 A O eB eae peas 12 CAI AA A A AE A ae eee ne ee 13 Nonnalzing rcs Sc sae SS A ae Wek be eS aS 13 amplitudes as del
7. voltages to forces and centres of pressure The program will detect the type of force platform can convert the data appropriately Kistler or AMTI only BioWare DAT This item allows for the reading and conversion of Kistler BioWare data files These files can contain the data from one or two force platforms or one force platform and up to eight auxiliary channels Use the lt Analyze forces gt item in the lt Analyze menu gt to convert the force channels from voltages to forces and centres of pressure Clear data This option clears all loaded or generated data To prevent accidental data loss there is a prompt that appears asking Do you really want to clear these DATA from memory Y N Ensemble average BPE This option allows the average of several files to be taken using a set number of data points and the resulting file saved separately The originally loaded data are erased Fourier transform FTF This item allows for the reading and reconstruction of Fourier Transform Files FTF files created by the lt Fourier analysis gt item in the lt Analyze menu gt You will be prompted for the Figure 7 Window to select ensemble averaging number of data to be generated and the number of parameters harmonics to be included in the reconstruction E yess CagaliprPrucass daat lt Pidcials a B Com vi r7o Vimos nena 790 Flot 1 axis Filo Mout Generate data This option allow data files to be generated and
8. GlobalLab or DAFF DAT This data file format is used by GlobalLab and follows the Data Acquisition File Format specification U Mass data DAT Use this format to read data files created by the University of Massachusetts Biomechanics Laboratory These files must have the extension DAT Path change With this option the drive root and parent directories can be changed so that files can be accessed The desired drive and directory path can be typed in directly or a directory listing can be displayed using the lt Insert gt key and the appropriate options selected Reload This option reloads channels from the original data file BioProc ASCII BPA When this option is chosen a prompt displaying the current directory path and requesting a new filename appears Pressing lt Insert gt will list the ASCII files that are in the current directory If the file you need is one of these it can be chosen using the arrow keys and lt Enter gt If the file needed is in another directory it can be loaded immediately by typing in the appropriate directory path and filename or the directory path can be changed using the lt Path change gt option Timeclip is On Off Toggles switches whether time clipping is on or off When on data can be clipped from the front and end of the data channels This is useful to reduce large data files or ignore parts of data files Currently only APAS ANA files can be clipped View Menu lt F7 gt
9. Linear envelope This is a moving average of the rectified EMG signal Its shape is similar to the muscle tension curve A linear envelope is essentially a full wave rectification followed by low pass filtering with a cutoff usually between 3 and 10 Hz The cutoff for each channel can be selected separately The original data of the selected channels are erased vii Normalize menu Same as the lt Normalize menu gt option in the lt Analyze menu gt vin Rectify Takes the absolute values of the data in selected channels 1x Descriptive statistics Computes the minimum and maximum values a their associated times as well as the mean and standard deviation The times are taken from the first data point that reaches the maximum or minimum values x Integration window Integrates and resets after specified number of data Fourier Analysis Harmonic analysis is the analysis of the frequency content of a wave form with higher frequencies expressed a multiples of a fundamental frequency Fourier transformation is the mathematical process that results in the power amplitude of each frequency component being plotted against frequency in a graph called a frequency spectrum Most data should be filtered and in some cases rectified before a harmonic analysis is performed The number of harmonics can be set between land 5000 for the selected channel The results mean time cosine sine hertz and median frequency 11 are displayed numerica
10. OPROC TXT and LIST COM are necessary for this option Figure 22 Help menu 17 They must in the same directory as BIOPROC EXE Graphics mode lt Alt G gt The current graphics monitor settings are listed Other monitor graphics are listed and can be selected in place of the current setting to better match your equipment 1 e can change from EGA to SVGA usually use VGA Help level lt Alt F1 gt Once familiar with this program the user can choose to reduce the amount of information presented in the on line help through this option Memory status Shows amount of free memory and toggles on and off the memory display in the top left corner Printer status lt Alt P gt Details of the printer status which port on line and paper status and resolution are displayed The print resolution can be changed by pressing lt R gt from largest 0 to smallest 3 print sizes Press lt E gt to cause a page eject or form feed Can also change default printing device either LPT1 LPT2 or LPT3 Show mouse Use this option if the mouse pointer disappears during processing Version About lt F11 gt Displays program title authors version number and copyright information Window usage lt Shift F1 gt A description is provided of how to select items from the menus using the cursor and lt Enter gt keys and move between menus System status lt Alt S gt Shows the status of many system variables including the number of channel
11. This menu gives different viewing options including viewing information files as well as graphs It can also be entered by pressing lt F7 gt APDF and CAPDF Displays the results from an Amplitude Probability Distribution Function and Cumulative APDF analysis The results are displayed digitally Figure 10 View menu BioA D setup lt F4 gt The setup portion of a BioA D file can be viewed If other types of data are loaded not BioA D or if data have been generated their graph setups are displayed instead The setup can only be viewed not altered The setup can also be viewed using lt F4 gt Ural Setay Frami FASTALE AD Tetis Riutlar LOCA Base frre 8 b NSERP Comments lt F5 gt ate Seales tine 599s Sweins Tewrento Ciasealo B der ines Laser OEY Any comments saved with the currently loaqigig Chawal 9 1 2 3 t 5 b comments were stored with the file Comments can 54 be added to a file using the lt Edit menu gt rapa Chal O 3 f a 2 u 14 o es Meta Mee even Data Digitally e e gl te Presents the raw data in digital form Use O Cosut pujar fron canara on Counter fs marozo Ma Preg o the angle brackets to increase or decrease the bes Flin Apehecmizetses Barg Iz Incremmrt freq g 0 24 00 Pease lt Fi gt or GASt_Fi gt Car help Jo save axit thea use Slack nom Chem finjadad prosa the Eac gt bey to oe Lip number of decimal digits Press lt T gt to toggle display of the associated sample times Use th
12. VC The data can be normalized in amplitude or time base or a combination 1 Amplitude This is a y axis normalization A second menu will appear from which you choose the type of normalization Choose peak amplitude or peak to have the data divided by the peak amplitude and then multiplied by one hundred respectively Choose factor to divide by a factor of your choosing or percentage to divide by a factor and multiplied by 100 Peak amplitude normalize to each channel s maximum peak same as above but in percentages of maximum Factor normalize to a chosen factor Percentage same as above but in percentages of factor Figure 17 Normalization menu 11 Invert time Reverses the temporal order of the data Figure 18 Amplitude normalization menu Gii Shannon Reconstructs the data using the Shannon algorithm This reconstruction of the data takes into consideration frequency information based on the sampling rate chosen Gv Time axis Normalizes the time base to the number of intervals chosen Similar to the Shannon above but uses linear interpolation v Units Choose the type of units displayed on the x axis Time expressed in seconds The maximum number will vary with the data Count from zero to the maximum abscissa value This value can be changed by changing the abscissa value in lt Time axis gt or lt User units gt Percent values occur along the continuum from zero to one hundred perc
13. accessed and the files found there are listed in the lt Data directories gt menu The arrow keys can be used to move through this list and a selection can be made by pressing lt Enter gt If your file is not in the BioA D data directory the lt Change path gt option in lt Open menu gt can be used to access it In this E Li pl bebnnenb hi instance the BioA D files in the new directory will Figure 5 Windows for selecting BioAD files be listed in the lt Data directories gt menu Once the file to be loaded is chosen a prompt will appear which gives some information about the file and directs the user on how to load some or all of the channels in the file The set up channel of the file is always loaded even when the prompt lt Channels gt is originally chosen Selecting lt Channels gt instead of lt Setup gt will load the BioA D file at the top of the lt Data directories gt menu Ariel analog ANA Use this item to read data collected using the Analog module of the Ariel Performance Eran lt Pegefeve gt te kud al chemise or select individual chussels by pressing i then Pagete gt Presa Gi gt for kelp Figure 6 Window to select which BioAD channels to load Analysis System APAS These files hold multiple trials and therefore you may be prompted to enter the trial number that you want to process These files can contain force platform data that need to be converted from raw
14. changed from Black amp white mode to Colour mode by pressing the lt F9 gt key Black amp white mode is useful for screen grabs or printing on black and white printers Cursors Two cursors are available to display data or to zoom in on a particular part of the waveform The left cursor is coloured yellow while the right is in white The data points under these cursors are displayed in the same colours in the channel display on the right side of the screen One cursor may be selected for movement by the arrow or cursor movement keys Pressing lt Enter gt switches the selection between the right and left cursor The selected cursor is indicated in the lower right corner of the screen Alternately the cursors can be moved by holding the left or right mouse buttons which control movements of the left or right cursors respectively Since more data are usually present then can be plotted on the limited number of pixels available to the display monitor only one datum under the cursor is displayed By pressing the left or right arrow keys each datum may be displayed digitally Pressing lt Ctrl gt and the right or left arrow keys jumps along the data by one pixel For example if there 2000 data per waveform then each horizontal pixel will represent 4 data Pressing lt Ctrl gt and the right or left arrow key will jump to every 4 datum while pressing just the arrow key will advance the cursor 1 datum The up and down arrows move up and down the f
15. channels using noise The sampling time and rate are also selected sine triangle and sawtooth wave functions 47 415 TS vi Step Half of the sampling time the value is at the zero the other half its at the chosen amplitude Sampling time and rate are also selected vii Square Similar to the step function except it moves from the positive amplitude value to the negative amplitude value at the selected frequency viii Ramp The value rises steadily from the zero baseline to the chosen amplitude then drops vertically back to the baseline The number of cycles per second the sampling rate and the sampling time are also chosen ix Sine A sine wave of chosen amplitude range positive and negative cycles per second and sampling time and sampling rate is created x Triangle A triangular wave varies around the baseline in a chosen amplitude range and at a selected number of cycles per second sampling time and sampling rate xi Sawtooth Similar to the ramp function but it has both positive and negative values drops to the negative value of the amplitude not to the zero baseline xii Zeros Creates a channel of zeros BioProc binary BIN Use this item to read files saved using the lt BioProc binary gt item in the lt Save menu gt The directory path and filename can be entered directly or the binary files in the current directory can be listed by pressing lt Insert gt then selected from the list of files
16. e arrow keys and page keys to move through the file The lt Home gt and lt End gt keys move the view to the beginning and end of the data respectively Figure 11 Press F4 to view BioAD channel setup Experiment information Any experiment information saved with the currently loaded file can be viewed A message will appear if no experiment information was stored with the file Fourier analysis Displays the results from a Fourier analysis The results are displayed digitally Fatigue analysis Displays the results from fatigue analysis The results are displayed digitally Channel information Display various information about each channel including scaling and bias factors Multiple axes lt F10 gt Information from each channel is displayed on a different axis of the same graph This option can also be chosen by pressing lt F10 gt Single axis lt F9 gt Information from all channels is displayed on a single axis graph This option can also be chosen by pressing lt F9 gt Graph setup lt F8 gt The graph setup information is displayed The graph title axis labels axis number and graph colour can be changed This option can also be chosen by pressing lt F8 gt See Graph Setup on the Edit Menu for more information Video film information Any film information 1 e camera type film type etc that was saved with the currently loaded file can be viewed A message will appear if no information was saved System
17. e through the lt Edit menu gt Displays lt Help menu gt Same as choosing lt Help menu gt from the Main menu Displays lt View menu gt Same as choosing lt View menu gt from the Main menu Displays graph setup This option is also found in lt View menu gt The title of the graph the axis labels and axis numbers and the graph colours can be changed and the changes can be saved using the lt Setup gt option of the lt Save menu gt Displays channels on a single axis graph This option is also found in lt View menu gt Displays channels on a multiple axes graph This option is also found in lt View menu gt Displays the program title authors version number and copyright information Displays time and date Toggles help level from high to low and vice versa Displays graphics mode and settings Displays printer status and settings Displays status information about program settings and loaded channels Open Menu lt F2 gt The open menu enables different types of files to be loaded data to be generated and some information to be manipulated in the form of channel copying and ensemble averaging These options will be discussed below in greater detail BioA D menu and BioA D ch These options are used when the files to be loaded are from the BioA D program The user is initially offered the choice of lt Setup gt or lt Channels gt When lt Setup gt is chosen the BioA D data directory on the hard drive is
18. ee above After a key press the main menu will appear on the left hand side of the screen see below and a list of options controlled by the function keys will be listed at the bottom of the screen Until data are loaded only the following options are available lt Open menu gt lt Help menu gt lt F1 gt general help lt F2 gt open menu lt F6 gt help menu lt F11 gt program title and authors and lt F12 gt date and time If any of the other selections are chosen the computer will beep and the following error message will appear No data are loaded Press lt ESC gt key to continue Data can be loaded by accessing the Open Menu through choosing either lt F2 gt or lt Open menu gt on the screen There are many options in this menu and the workings of each will be detailed later for details see the section Open Menu Options Main Menu The following are brief descriptions of the purposes of the items in the Main Menu Open menu enables the user to load different Figure 3 Main menu types of files and or generate data Also data in one channel can be copied to another or files can be ensemble averaged View menu graphs and information files can be selected for viewing Analyze menu presents many techniques for data analysis and processing Channel menu generate functions add copy or subtract channels clear data Edit menu changes graph appearance or edits comments that are saved with the file Help menu pro
19. either used by themselves or in conjunction with previously loaded files When this option is chosen the lt Generate menu gt appears listing the different types of data that can be generated The generated data can be used for many purposes including testing of processing techniques and equipment A brief description of the options in the generate menu follows Figure 8 Menu for selecting how to generate data i All This options will generate data in all channels the functions in this list one function at a time The sampling rate sampling time amplitude and where appropriate cycles per second are set individually for each function The list can be exited at any point by pressing lt Esc gt The resulting graph will display the data generated for each function on separate axes 11 Bias A constant value is added to the zero baseline The sampling rate sampling time and amplitude can all be individually set the zero baseline The sampling rate sampling iii Drift A slowly increasing value is added to A ph Hie AN id Ht l Nh m BE gn time and amplitude are all individually set l Gv Impulse One brief signal of a chosen CRI A A A dat Pia em amplitude occurs along a zero baseline The 5475 44 E me a A de a sampling rate and sampling time are also ES E Weg eae P selected cl v Noise Random values occur within a nY T 7 Fa chosen amplitude range around the baseline Figure 9 Gene ated ae
20. ent User units the user can chose the maximum abscissa value and all data are expressed between zero and the maximum value variation noise so the signal is revealed more clearly There are several different smoothing techniques offered in this option The most appropriate technique will depend on the type of data being smoothed The original data in the channels selected for smoothing are replaced 14 Smoothing menu Smoothing is used to reduce random 1 Moving median The median value for a selected number of points 3 21 is found then moving forward one data point the median value for the same number of points is found For example the median value of points 1 3 is found then the median value of points 2 4 then the median value of points 3 5 etc As noted in the provided cue this technique is useful for spike removal The number of points over which the median value is found in this example 3 is called the window Figure 19 Smoothing menu 1 Moving average Same idea as the moving median except the average value is found for the selected window This technique is also good for spike removal 111 Digital Filter Same as the lt Digital filter gt item of the lt EMG processing gt option in the lt Analyze menu gt The filter type and characteristics are chosen then the selected channels are filtered iv Interpolate Use this option to linearly interpolate between two points within a channel First set
21. ey Note Windows may intercept this function and place the screen image on the clipboard To override this enter the Properties menu when BioProc is running and click of the Misc tab Then make sure the PrtSc box is unchecked To view the data numerically starting at the left cursor press lt V gt Line type Several line types for the waveforms are possible If there are fewer data than the number of pixels each datum is connected to the next by a line By default 1f more data are present than there are pixels than a high low graph is used In this case a vertical line is drawn between the highest and lowest datum Pressing lt H gt will set this line type Pressing lt L gt will connect a line between the first element in each pixel group lt M gt will plot a line between the means of each pixel group while lt P gt will plot a point for each datum with no connecting lines Print To print the graphical waveforms press lt F5 gt The program will test whether the printer is on line and ready before asking what type of printer is being used If ready select either lt H gt for a printer that accepts Hewlett Packard PCL graphics or lt E gt for Epson graphics or lt I gt for IBM Proprinter graphics Postscript graphics is not yet implemented This method of printing renders the graphics as if they were in black and white Alternately pressing the lt PrintScreen gt key will print the screen directly to the printer but in co
22. ile 1 40 of the screen while lt Ctrl gt and these keys move the cursors 1 20 The lt PageUp gt and lt PageDown gt keys move the cursors 1 10 of the screen while holding the lt Ctrl gt key down moves one horizontal division left or right The lt Home gt key resets the left cursor to the extreme left of the screen and the lt End gt key resets the right cursor to the extreme right The lt F2 gt key resets both cursors To zoom in on the data first select the area by moving the cursors keys then press lt F3 gt Once zoomed pressing lt Alt gt and the right or left arrow keys pans the display right or left When zoomed notice the more indicator at the bottom right The symbols lt and gt indicate whether there are data to the left and right respectively To zoom in and return to the command menus press lt Ctrl F3 gt To unzoom press lt F3 gt again The cursors can be removed entirely by pressing lt F7 gt Pressing lt F7 gt again removes the channel display on the right A third press restores the two cursors 22 Statistics To view statistical information press lt D gt for descriptive statistics such as maxima minima means and standard deviations The statistics presented are from the data between the two cursors Pressing lt I gt shows the ranges integrals and absolute integrals for the displayed waveforms These numerical displays may be printed by pressing the lt PrintScreen gt k
23. lly then graphs of the frequency spectrum normalized power accumulated power median frequency and relative power can be plotted and printed Afterwards the option of saving the Fourier transform digitally appears This file may be used to recreate the signal see Open menu Fourier item High pass filter This is essentially a high pass filter As noted in the provided cue the filter used is a fourth order high pass critically damped zero lag filter The cutoff frequency can be set for each channel The original data for the filtered channels are erased Integration Some definite integrals can not be evaluated exactly instead approximate values are found through different integration techniques Integration is basically finding the area under the curve There are many different ways of integrating in this program and choosing the most appropriate depends on the type of data being used Most data needs to be rectified using lt Rectify gt in the analyze menu before being integrated Figure 15 Integration menu 1 Simpson s The area under the curve is estimated by breaking the curve into small parabolic segments and summing the areas of these This type of analysis is the best for data involving many curves and direction changes 1 e EMG signals 11 Trapezoidal The area under the curve is estimated by summing trapezoidal segments 111 Reimann The area under the curve is estimated by summing rectangular segments
24. lour Depending on the printer and operating system the graph may be printed appropriately For some operating systems the DOS program GRAPHICS COM also needed is the file GRAPHICS PRO must be loaded with the appropriate printer selected For example to use a Laserjet II or II issue the command GRAPHICS LASERJETILI Note that the printer will shade the lines depending upon their colours Unfortunately yellow curves appear invisible
25. minimum maximum mean standard deviation root mean square RMS coefficient of variation and standard error for the data in each channel and reports them in table form EMG menu Although some of the analyzing techniques Figure 14 EMG menu 10 in the lt EMG menu gt occur in the lt Analyze menu gt as well they are grouped together for ease of processing into one list 1 APDF and CAPDEF As yet this function has not been implemented but when it is it will produce an amplitude probability distribution function and a cumulative amplitude probability function without affecting the original data 1 Digital Filter Similar to the lt Filter gt option in the lt Analyze menu gt except in addition to the cutoff frequency other characteristics of the filter can be chosen for each channel including high or low pass number of passes whether it is zero lagged and whether it is critically damped 111 Fourier analysis Same as the lt Fourier analysis gt option in the lt Analyze menu gt 1v Fatigue analysis Computes the median frequencies for adjacent or overlapping user selected time intervals Also produces a histogram of the changes of median frequency compared to the initial median and or a line graph of the median frequencies v Integral statistics Calculates the minimum maximum range root mean square time integral and absolute time integral integral of absolute values Uses trapezoidal rule vi
26. o a har dd ld a G 13 in AA O II SON EE des 13 11 Shannon sara dd dara od ee tae da 13 Gv IMG AKIS A SA AAA DAS TR AA A 13 WAS ts o ts A A A tds 13 e A he Nd toe ARO te SN eh ok A lt ee A NA es La 14 i Moving median 6 1 eee ee eee nee 14 Gi Moving average 29 5 08 a kaye dete vy sia ht Sheba eae pe sen ens 14 GD Digital Fiter AAA OS ses hard ew Reade Sih nea ES Oh rg 14 A hea tt het he ates a ee et ates BR eee 14 REI RS MeL RN SS ES Ca eS 14 Sealing AA IRA AA DS ARA AA ii R 14 TIME Das aa id A oia ed 14 AVT as A ds 14 Gi Normalize 134 0 ES A ncaa AAA nate Sa 15 11 Rotate 0 lia iris pi S 15 CO a a tas Pe es a es dd an es a ATG 15 AA A ct el inde Sales aan a i TO amen e ahs 15 Channel MEMS cca E eel ae E tee a howl nae ER 15 Add channels 95 59 sya asks RAGS a Ay A A eae Le ees 15 Clear ALA eh oa a ees art Sime a cee A th ahha Be adhe ie Ra Re Narn Riera hs Led 15 Duplicate Channels id pa Den ad ee Ol ue e AON E e G 15 Eras channels oa AAA REA Re aR ER ER 15 is A O 15 Generale channels a A A A AS A SE ss 15 IYpO EnUSO coria A A a 15 Channel InfoMine Soe See tow donee owe E S 16 Multiply channels 4 4 0 254 504 ra AGREE ita de did RT Aaa es 16 RCI A eh lite ees Berne aie nod a A Bea aoe See T Rime ee 16 Subtract channels gt Sud ee han eni a ape we oy ee ee PNG ee a 16 Edit Men isa 4G Aa ee a Ga sn Ge eae ee SG eee eae ea eee es 16 E 16 Comments 22 ads oa Lea ed en aa ds od ed 16 Help MS rs AR AS TA ia 16 C
27. ommand Me res sai dada 16 Graphics Mode a E EA A EA iS AR EA 17 A o a e e e e e e e Etats 17 Memory SIAGUS ic E SS ED A A A ee eS es 17 PrEMEESTAUS hd id dd adas 17 SHOW MOUSE 00d tl ol a irte 17 Version About 2 ee eee eee ee een nee ees 17 Window USAS s doa stp ae A A A es 17 System SEALS 2 2 5 aw bie bie de Wie a ae bee OS we ae 17 Prat Mendo pana ber OA e rol has ATS et ar AEE de e ad o e 17 APD or CAPDEVILA bd 17 Data arrabal wd pee ead od yea do 18 EJEA pate cops Peete AA ARAS E ce oe AA A 18 Fourier transform rere A A Pen Ee OS 18 TAH US a e ad o dd e a e e 18 Printer status 246 0286 cide tye adi a ai elas 18 RedraWiScre n 2 0 ido 18 Save Ment AE a oR AO eaa 18 BioWare es A a BRO ig 18 BioProe binary nisi A A ade 18 RETA W OLCES a A bt 18 BioProc ASCII da di ia 19 Setup BIGAD ou elute DA A A E a A a 19 Lotus worksheet SS AS ba Ea 19 View Pext MER 5c ss core oat A GW gee ace a ee ee ge he Re al 19 Calculator arma OSS See oes ps tt MI eA AL OS ea o e ds UA O eA AD AR A 19 GRAPH MODR rosene at adi a heats 20 AR A O EN bok 20 A O RAN 21 CUES OTS ae AUTO accua ad ar AID A Mr 21 Slalistes ri Ai Steed 22 O wd paw oe ee ee wd ed Oe ea od pe ees 22 O a E O ii ana a 22 BioProc USER S MANUAL Introduction This program is designed to perform many types of processing on data from BioA D or various data properly formatted ASCII files It is also possible to generate some types of data within the program Thi
28. on This mode can be produced by pressing lt Alt P gt Removing axes Vertical grid lines can be added or removed by pressing lt F11 gt Horizontal grid lines are added and removed by pressing lt F12 gt lt F6 gt modifies the zero line which can be a solid or dotted line or removed entirely if the horizontal grid lines are also removed Scaling of the axes is automatic but can be modified by pressing the lt F8 gt key Various options are possible Initially all waveforms are maximized to fit their respective axes That is the axes are scaled so that the maximum of the absolute values of the waveform are used to fit the data The scaling 21 factor is displayed on the right side of the screen under the channel number and name By pressing lt F8 gt once the scaling is changed so that all waveforms are displayed with the same scale factor Pressing lt F8 gt again causes scaling of 10 V and pressing a third time or by pressing lt gt causes percentage axes 100 Pressing lt F8 gt again or pressing lt Alt F2 gt reset cycles back to the original scaling factors Note that the scaling factor displayed is affected by the number of grid lines and the number of axes displayed Colours The colours of each waveform is defined in the Graph setup The colours are assigned by default during loading or predefined by the program that created the data They can be manually assigned within the Graph Setup The display can be
29. process For all of these processing causes the original data in the selected channels to be erased 1 Absolute values The absolute values for selected channels are calculated 11 Bias Used to subtract or add a constant to channels Gii Cumulative function Cumulative function on selected channels Each value is added to sum of all previous iv Differentiation The time derivatives for Figure 16 Mathematics menu selected channels are calculated v Negate Data in the selected channels are multiplied by 1 vi Integrate The indefinite integrals for selected channels are calculated see lt Integration gt option of lt Analyze menu gt for more detailed description vii Multiply Each channel is multiplied by a separately selected scale factor viii Normalize Each channel is normalized divided by a separately selected factor see the lt Normalize gt option in the lt Analyze menu gt for a more detailed description ix Power function Data in the selected channels are raised to separately chosen powers x Square root The square roots for selected channels are calculated xi Squares Data in selected channels are squared 13 xii Invert Data in the selected channels are inverted i e y 1 x Normalizing Normalizing is a way of scaling the data in relation to a certain value by dividing by the value for example body mass or weight or the force of a maximal voluntary contraction M
30. r summing press lt Y gt All marked channels are added together to produce a single channel of data Figure 20 Channel menu Clear all data This option clears all loaded or generated data To prevent accidental data loss there is a prompt that appears asking Do you really want to clear these DATA from memory Y N Duplicate channels This option allows channels of previously loaded data to be selected for copying A prompt appears giving directions on how to select the channels for copying When viewed the copied channels are in the same graph as the original channels but in a different colour More than one channel can be duplicated simultaneously Erase channels This option unloads a channel from memory The data are NOT erased from the original data file unless the data file are saved using the lt Save menu gt Fourier channels Allows for the reconstruction of a Fourier series waveform from the data stored in a Fourier Transform File FTF These files are created from the lt Fourier analysis gt item in the lt Analyze menu gt Generate channels Use this option to generate a waveform The list of possible waveforms have been previously described under Open menu subsection Generate data Hypotenuse Creates a channel which is the hypotenuse or resultant of 2 or 3 selected channels 16 Channel information Shows bias or scaling operations that have been performed on the data These values may be use to
31. s depending upon which software or additional processing 1s required Use the Worksheet format if you want to read the data into a spreadsheet program Lotus 1 2 3 Quattro Pro Excel etc or graphics program Harvard Graphics CorelDRAW etc Use the ASCII format to print the data or for ensemble averaging The Binary format is the most compact and complete format but it only readable by BioProc itself BioWare DAT This option can only be used if the original data were from a BioWare data file BioProc binary BIN The data will be saved in a machine language binary format and the filename must end with a BIN suffix RF raw forces RF This option may be used if the data came from a force platform This format is used by the Biomech Planar Motion Analysis System 19 BioProc ASCII BPA The data will be saved in an ASCII format and the filename must end with an BPA preferably or ASC file extension Setup BioA D SETUP STP This option allows changes to the BioA D setup file to be saved A warning cue will appear to prevent accidental overwrites The only portion of the BioA D setup file that can be changed is the graph setup using lt F8 gt or lt Edit menu gt although the other portions of the setup file can be viewed using lt F4 gt or lt View menu gt Lotus worksheet WK1 The data will be saved in a Lotus 2 0 worksheet format The filename must end with a WK1 suffix View Text Menu Use this menu to
32. s loaded and current path and filename Print Menu This menu enables the printing of data arrays and the results of various processing options such as Fourier or fatigue analyses APDF or CAPDF analysis For printing Amplitude and Cumulative Amplitude Probability Density Function analyses Figure 23 Print menu 18 Data array s This option will print arrays of data that are saved in an ASCII file format see lt Save menu gt for details of how to save Eject a page Causes the printer to eject a page sends form feed to printer Fourier transform This option will allow the user to print information from harmonic analysis that has been saved in an FTF file The option to save an FTF file is presented as part of the harmonic analysis see lt Analyze menu gt for more on harmonic analysis Fatigue analysis For printing results from a fatigue analysis lt EMG processing gt in lt Analyze menu gt Printer status lt Alt P gt Details of the printer status which port on line and paper status and resolution are displayed The print resolution can be changed by pressing lt R gt from largest 0 to smallest 3 print sizes Press lt E gt to cause a page eject or form feed Can also change default printing device either LPT1 LPT2 or LPT3 Redraw Screen This option redraws the screen and puts the cursor at the top of the Main men Figure 24 Save menu Save Menu Data may be saved in various format
33. s program can be used in menu mode or can be operated in command line mode When used in menu mode the choosing of an option in one menu results in a second menu of different choices appearing This continues until the type of processing is fully defined An option is chosen by using the arrow keys to highlight the option then pressing lt Enter gt or with a mouse by point and click or by selecting the letter in square brackets that corresponds to the option and pressing lt Enter gt Menus can be exited by pressing the lt Esc gt key There are instructional cues that appear when needed and more information can always be obtained using on line help lt F1 gt To operate this program in command line mode you need to know the relevant commands and switches These can be accessed by choosing lt Help menu gt or lt F6 gt then choosing lt Command Line gt Program text used in this manual or text designating specific keys will be surrounded by angular brackets lt gt For example lt Enter gt means the Enter key while lt Open menu gt means the Open menu that appears initially upon starting the program without command line options Ea teas Ei tnl Fi El Tier Pim Clerern Poearaling Claes aves Pide wid Carer tit uds PILAS PAE a rene Ld Figure 1 Sample display of generated data Figure 2 Press F11 to obtain version and author information Getting Started When the program is loaded a title screen appears s
34. status lt Ctrl S gt Displays various system settings including which channels are loaded gain settings whether data have been changed default path etc Can also be displayed by pressing lt Ctrl S gt Analyze Menu lt F3 gt This menu provides a variety of ways of analyzing and processing loaded or generated data Analyze forces This item is provided to permit the conversion of raw force signals from Kistler or AMTI force platforms Only certain types of data files are permitted to use this item This function replaces the raw signals with their Figure 12 Analyze menu reduced equivalents The operation can only be done once Bias removal This option will subtract a constant value bias from the data There are two ways of doing this by choosing lt Mean gt the mean value is subtracted from selected channels by choosing lt Term gt a bias can be selected for each channel The original data are lost Correlation Three options are presented Autocorrelate Crosscorrelate and Pearson product correlation The Pearson product moment correlation a measure of the similarity of data sets is found for two selected channels designated x and y The results are presented in table form standard deviation for x and y correlation coefficient r coefficient of determination standard error of estimate and the regression of y and x Figure 13 Bias removal menu Descriptive statistics This option computes the
35. the cursors to two parts of the curve s where the interpolation is to be done Then use this option two linearly interpolate between the cursors for the selected curve or curves Rectify This option will convert all the data of selected channels to absolute values The original values of the full wave rectified channels will be erased Scaling Use this option to rescale the data from one unit of measure to another or to convert from analogue voltages to mechanical units The factor entered will be multiplied by the selected data channel Enter 1 to leave a channel unchanged or 1 to reverse a channel Time base Use this option to alter the time base or phase shift individual channels Use the lt Units gt to change the times units displayed i Invert The time base can be inverted that is reversed as long as all channels have the same sampling rate If not use the normalize option to synchronize each channel Gi Normalize normalize to a specified number of intervals e g percentages 15 111 Rotate phase shifts the data in the left or right directions without zero padding iv Shift time shift left or right with zeros padded on the ends v Units to change the time base s units Channel Menu Add channels This allows the data of selected channels to be added When viewed multiple axes the original channels are still displayed on their own axes and the summed channel is on an axis below them To mark a channel fo
36. vides information on command line mode graphics mode printer status help level program version and window usage Print menu enables user to print data arrays and harmonic analysis results Save menu enables user to save data in different formats and can save changes to graph appearance View text menu allows for the viewing of text or ASCII based data or output files Calculator this loads a calculator that is provided with BioProc or the Windows calculator Function Key Options lt Fl gt lt F2 gt lt F3 gt lt F4 gt lt F5 gt lt F6 gt lt F7 gt lt F8 gt lt F9 gt lt F10 gt lt F11 gt lt F12 gt lt Alt F1 gt lt Alt G gt lt Alt P gt lt Alt S gt After data have been loaded the purposes of the function keys are the following Displays on line help Messages vary with the menu that you are in giving relevant information and instructions about the option chosen Displays lt Open menu gt Same as choosing lt Open menu gt from the Main menu Displays lt Analyze menu gt Same as choosing lt Analyze menu gt from the Main menu Displays setup file information of the loaded BioA D files The information can only be viewed not changed This option is also found in lt View menu gt Displays comments stored with the loaded file This option is also found in lt View menu gt A cue will appear if no comments are stored Comments can be added to a fil
37. view text or ASCII type files It requires the program LIST COM be included in the same directory as BIOPROC EXE or in the search path Calculator This item invokes a calculator program A DOS program is provided with the software but the program may invoke the Windows Calculator depending upon the PATH environment variable Note the ANSI SYS driver must be loaded by the CONFIG SYS file 20 GRAPH MODE To start graph mode press lt F9 gt to have all waveforms plotted on a single axis or lt F10 gt for multiple axes mode With multiple axes mode the placement of the waveforms depends upon how the waveforms have been assigned to axes These assignments can be modified in the Graph Setup by pressing lt F8 gt See Graph Setup on the Edit Menu for more information Note while in graph mode the function keys take on different meanings The help area at the bottom of the screen shows the functions associated with each function key By pressing lt F1 gt the help area cycles through the various groups of keys and their functions Press lt Ctrl F1 gt to return to the first help menu Press lt Alt F1 gt to remove the help area and display trial information The various help Fi help F2 aindow FS print F carsors da Fii x grid Enter ltyrt 666 F2 resel Fu expand F6 ceru F scalimy F1i6 4 aces Fil ys a i Esu uxil Jiv 666 Cursor Enter switch Home End beg cnd BackTab Tab 1cft right flt pan 6 GGG tyv puiul Cloler pizel 114
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