02 Concepts - constantine
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1. mail servers using simple service checks The server is the central repository in which all configuration statistical and operational data is stored and it is the entity in Zabbix that will actively alert administrators when problems arise in any of the monitored systems The functioning of a basic Zabbix server is broken into three distinct components they are Zabbix server web frontend and database storage All of the configuration information for Zabbix is stored in the database which both the server and the web frontend interact with For example when you create a new item using the web frontend or API it is added to the items table in the database Then about once a minute Zabbix server will query the items table for a list of the items which are active that is then stored in a cache within the Zabbix server This is why it can take up to two minutes for any changes made in Zabbix frontend to show up in the latest data section Server process Zabbix server runs as a daemon process The server can be started by executing shell gt cd sbin shell gt zabbix_server Pr ee ce oe eng ee Lett tp tee UCAS Lege tie age yal onan E E Tee matey abrir iy eat ape ql CAA tas foe te eee AE Te eve Mier ger alge gen Tern gangs Conary Ney RA E tag tie Beige ga gg mee rate ak gtr a gee ee eae Ure toe We oe ge OON R 1 1 c config lt file gt absolute path to the configuration file default is etc zabbix zabbix server conf n new nodeid lt2. Ee CELE C TNO a ORE Ae Ee FLORES TAD SLE SLO SES FAO AE SAE Ee ThE Ee SAE She thes 1 1 c config lt file gt absolute path to the configuration file i i R runtime control lt option gt perform administrative functions i h help give this help V version display version number shell gt zabbix_ proxy c usr local etc zabbix_proxy conf shell gt zabbix_proxy help shell gt zabbix proxy V I Runtime control Runtime control options Reload configuration cache Ignored if cache is being currently loaded Active Zabbix proxy will connect to the Zabbix server and request configuration data https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts proxy Page 1 of 2 4 Proxy Zabbix 12 4 13 3 37 PM Runtime control is not supported on OpenBSD and NetBSD Process user Zabbix proxy is designed to run as a non root user It will run as whatever non root user it is started as So you can run proxy as any non root user without any issues If you will try to run it as root it will switch to a hardcoded zabbix user which must be present on your system These settings currently cannot be user configured neither during compilation nor in the configuration file Configuration file See the configuration file options for details on configuring zabbix_proxy 2 0 manual concepts proxy txt Last modified 2012 07 19 11 00 by martins v Except where otherwise noted content on this wiki is licensed under the f
3. Zabbix Manual Zabbix 11 21 13 4 25 PM Zabbix Manual Welcome to the user manual for Zabbix 2 0 software These pages are created to help our users successfully manage their monitoring tasks with Zabbix from the simple to the more complex 2 0 manual txt Last modified 2012 05 23 11 27 by martins v Except where otherwise noted content on this wiki is licensed under the following license CC Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3 0 Unported http creativecommons org licenses by nc sa 3 0 https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual Page 1 of 1 1 Zabbix definitions Zabbix 12 4 13 3 36 PM 1 Zabbix definitions Overview In this section you can learn the meaning of some terms commonly used in Zabbix Definitions host a networked device that you want to monitor with IP DNS host group a logical grouping of hosts it may contain hosts and templates Hosts and templates within a host group are not in any way linked to each other Host groups are used when assigning access rights to hosts for different user groups item a particular piece of data that you want to receive off of a host a metric of data trigger a logical expression that defines a problem threshold and is used to evaluate data received in items When received data are above the threshold triggers go from Ok into a Problem state When received data are below the threshold triggers stay in return to an OK state event a sin
4. ava gateway you should have ended up with a collection of shell scripts JAR and configuration files under PREFIX sbin zabbix_java The role of these files is summarized below E EEEE A E ELE SEELE D pIE at arate ane ete ater abana at ater ala ata eta abate aiatanet State DEE DE SE EESE E EE E LE E DE E DEEE EEA EE E NEE EENE EE abel eta etavevetalevetal AEE AEE SE A ate taletatabe ATE DEE Steet E Ern DENE DEE aE E DEERE lib logback core 0 9 27 jar lib logback classic 0 9 27 jar lib slf4j api 1 6 1 jar lib org json 2010 12 28 jar Dependencies of Java gateway Logback http logback qos ch SLF4J http www slf4j org and JSON org http www json org library Lib logback xml Lib logback console xml shutdown sh startup sh Configuration file that is sourced by startup and shutdown scripts above 5 3 Configuring and running Java gateway By default Java gateway listens on port 10052 If you plan on running Java gateway on a different port you can specify that in settings sh script See the description of Java gateway configuration file for how to specify this and other options https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts java Page 2 of 4 5 Java gateway Zabbix 12 4 13 3 37 PM Port 10052 is not IANA registered http www iana org assignments service names port numbers service names port numbers txt Once you are comfortable with the settings you can start Java gateway by running the startup scrip
5. back with the framework of your choice by placing an appropriate JAR file in lib directory See SLF4J Manual http www slf4j org manual html for more details 2 0 manual concepts java txt Last modified 2011 11 09 19 15 by richlv Except where otherwise noted content on this wiki is licensed under the following license CC Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3 0 Unported http creativecommons org licenses by nc sa 3 0 https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts java Page 4 of 4 6 Sender Zabbix 12 4 13 3 37 PM 6 Sender Overview Zabbix sender is a command line utility that may be used to send performance data to Zabbix server for processing The utility is usually used in long running user scripts for periodical sending of availability and performance data Running Zabbix sender An example of running Zabbix UNIX sender shell gt cd bin shell gt zabbix_sender z zabbix s Linux DB3 k db connections o 43 O EE se eo eee eee ee ee eee eee eet See ee eee eee ee ee ee Se ee oe eee eee Ce ee eee ee ee Ce ee ee eee eee ee ee ee eee z Zabbix server host IP address can be used as well s monitored host name as registered in Zabbix front end a k item key 0 value to send See Zabbix sender manpage for more information Zabbix sender accepts strings in UTF 8 encoding for both UNIX like systems and Windows Zabbix sender on Windows can be run similarly eRe ta eta Sheena mt a ee Nt e
6. e daemon Zabbix agent is run on the host being monitored Zabbix agent runs as a daemon process https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts agent Page 1 of 3 3 Agent Zabbix 12 4 13 3 36 PM To start the agent execute shell gt cd sbin shell gt zabbix_agentd a a as es Ce ces a a Pa ae cent nc fa Oc cet ce ate a ae ee ee ae pe es ae se ee ee ee Se ee eS ee eee eee ee toe ee ee oo ees Lee ag ee ge ge Be E ge eT ee ee Te E OE CR eee PO Eg LO REL TE pe dt ee ee Pee TERS TR eT EO ee ee ae ee g as 1 c config lt file gt specify configuration file default is etc zabbix zabbix _agentd conf i h help give this help i V version display version number i p print print known items and exit i t test lt item key gt test specified item and exit Li ee ee ee ee ee eee i es es ee a ek G a de a as ead a dd Ga G ad Gd ad Dd Gd Dh Dd bd ad es Sd dd Aa as Sd Gd Di ae a eRe Sd ad bd ad he ad Dd hd Sd Gd ae Di Dd dd hd dd ad di ad dd ad a dd dd ad bd d dd Dd A di bd ad ee d dd Gd ae ae a he at ker ee aiat shell gt zabbix_agentd c usr local etc zabbix_agentd conf shell gt zabbix_agentd help shell gt zabbix_agentd print shell gt zabbix_agentd t system cpu load all avg1 Process user Zabbix agent is designed to run as a non root user It will run as whatever non root user it is started as So you can run agent as any non root user without any issues If you will try to run it as root
7. eway logs its activities into tmp zabbix_java log file with log level info Sometimes that information is not enough and there is a need for information at log level debug In order to increase logging level modify file lib logback xml and change the level attribute of lt root gt tag to debug i lt root level debug gt lt appender ref ref FILE gt lt root gt Note that unlike Zabbix server or Zabbix proxy there is no need to restart Zabbix Java gateway after changing logback xml file changes in logback xml will be picked up automatically When you are done with debugging you can return the logging level to info If you wish to log to a different file or a completely different medium like database adjust logback xml file to meet your needs See Logback Manual http logback qos ch manual for more details Sometimes for debugging purposes it is useful to start Java gateway as a console application rather than a daemon To do that comment out PID_FILE variable in settings sh If PID_FILE is omitted startup sh script https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts java Page 3 of 4 5 Java gateway Zabbix 12 4 13 3 37 PM starts Java gateway as a console application and makes Logback use lib logback console xml file instead which not only logs to console but has logging level debug enabled as well Finally note that since Java gateway uses SLF4J for logging you can replace Log
8. gle occurrence of something that deserves attention such as a trigger changing state or a discovery agent auto registration taking place action a predefined means of reacting to an event An action consists of operations e g sending a notification and conditions when the operation is carried out escalation a custom scenario for executing operations within an action a sequence of sending notifications executing remote commands media a means of delivering notifications delivery channel notification a message about some event sent to a user via the chosen media channel remote command https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts definitions Page 1 of 2 1 Zabbix definitions Zabbix 12 4 13 3 36 PM a pre defined command that is automatically executed on a monitored host upon some condition template a Set of entities items triggers graphs screens applications low level discovery rules ready to be applied to one or several hosts The job of templates is to speed up the deployment of monitoring tasks on a host also to make it easier to apply mass changes to monitoring tasks Templates are linked directly to individual hosts application a grouping of items in a logical group web scenario one or several HTTP requests to check the availability of a web site frontend the web interface provided with Zabbix Zabbix API Zabbix API allows you to use the JSON RPC protocol to create u
9. ion Noncommercial Share Alike 3 0 Unported http creativecommons org licenses by nc sa 3 0 https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts get Page lof 1
10. is not actually available yet but in future you will be able to download Java gateway archive from Zabbix website 5 1 2 Compiling from source In order to compile Java gateway you first run configure script with enable java option It is advisable that you specify prefix option to request installation path other than the default usr local because installing Java gateway will create a whole directory tree not just a single executable https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts java Page 1 of 4 5 Java gateway Zabbix 12 4 13 3 37 PM ca ck as Pak Pea Cae a a Daa a cee ss as a as ek ate es a ae ae ee ao aie wane he hohe Ashe is ea end Sore Gans hae cad ns Aad hee eats nee Gated cas ha ne ea es end Aone Gone has ha es ns fe od eae Aad Rae Ras Goes Aad Sh oa Aine ene hae Oa ee he ad Ae nag To compile and package Java gateway into a JAR file run make Note that for this step you will need javac and jar executables in your path esta eee ee eee eee ee ee eee ee ee ee Be ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee ee Now you have zabbix java gateway VERSION jar file in src zabbix_java bin If you are comfortable with running Java gateway from src zabbix_java in the distribution directory then you can proceed to instructions for configuring and running Java gateway Otherwise make sure you have enough privileges and run make install 5 2 Overview of files in Java gateway distribution Regardless of how you obtained J
11. it will switch to a hardcoded zabbix user which must be present on your system You can only run agent as root if you modify the AllowRoot parameter in the agent configuration file accordingly Configuration file See the configuration file options for details on configuring zabbix_agentd Running agent for Windows See Zabbix Windows agent installation for the installation information To start the agent service you can use Control Panel or run OAE E ote eee Se ee ee eee Ree ee E A EE EAO EE SORAI T ee A AEE Se eee ee eee eee EA eee Sete E EE AEA EEN The following command line parameters can be used with Zabbix Windows agent Options c config lt file gt Specify alternate configuration file default is c zabbix_agentd conf https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts agent Page 2 of 3 3 Agent Zabbix 12 4 13 3 36 PM t test lt item key gt Test single item and exit oh help Display help information i V version Display version number p print Print known items and exit i i install Install Zabbix agent as a service d uninstall Uninstall Zabbix agent service s start Start Zabbix agent service x stop Stop Zabbix agent service Configuration file See the configuration file options for details on configuring Zabbix Windows agent 2 0 manual concepts agent txt Last modified 2013 06 06 08 45 by martins v Except where otherwise noted content on this wi
12. ki is licensed under the following license CC Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3 0 Unported http creativecommons org licenses by nc sa 3 0 https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts agent Page 3 of 3 4 Proxy Zabbix 12 4 13 3 37 PM 4 Proxy Overview Zabbix proxy is a process that may collect monitoring data from one or more monitored devices and send the information to the Zabbix server essentially working on behalf of the server All collected data is buffered locally and then transferred to the Zabbix server the proxy belongs to Deploying a proxy is optional but may be very beneficial to distribute the load of a single Zabbix server If only proxies collect data processing on the server becomes less CPU and disk I O hungry A Zabbix proxy is the ideal solution for centralized monitoring of remote locations branches and networks with no local administrators Zabbix proxy requires a separate database The databases that are supported with Zabbix proxy are SQLite MySQL and PostgreSQL Using Oracle or IBM DB2 is at your own risk and may contain limitations as is the case with low level discovery rules See also Using proxies in a distributed environment Proxy process Zabbix proxy runs as a daemon process The proxy can be started by executing shell gt cd sbin shell gt zabbix proxy EE ah hk ee O NO BO EEE Gl he FEE ER Oe hE Eh Ee AERO SEE A Coho de Cah LOCA SE Sheet eae eho eh e PLE A EE EEO R
13. m ee em St mete lee mer ee ee Lea Uet Since Zabbix 1 8 4 zabbix_sender realtime sending scenarios have been improved to gather multiple values passed to it in close succession and send them to the server in a single connection A value that is not further apart from the previous value than 0 2 seconds can be put in the same stack but maximum pooling time still is 1 second If sending many values from an input file Zabbix sender will batch them at 250 values in one go all values will be processed for example zabbix sender z 127 0 0 1 i tmp traptest txt Info from server Processed 250 Failed 0 Total 250 Seconds spent 0 002668 Info from server Processed 50 Failed 0 Total 50 Seconds spent 0 000540 sent 300 skipped 0 total 300 All entries from an input file are sent in a sequential order top down If the target item has triggers referencing it all timestamps in an input file must be in an increasing order otherwise event calculation will not be correct Zabbix sender will terminate if invalid not following parameter value notation parameter entry is present in https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts sender Page 1 of 2 6 Sender Zabbix 12 4 13 3 37 PM specified configuration file 2 0 manual concepts sender txt Last modified 2013 11 19 09 23 by martins v Except where otherwise noted content on this wiki is licensed under the following license CC Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3 0 Unp
14. nitoring target to actively monitor local resources and applications hard drives memory processor Statistics etc The agent gathers operational information locally and reports data to Zabbix server for further processing In case of failures such as a hard disk running full or a crashed service process Zabbix server can actively alert the administrators of the particular machine that reported the failure Zabbix agents are extremely efficient because of use of native system calls for gathering statistical information Passive and active checks Zabbix agents can perform passive and active checks In a passive check the agent responds to a data request Zabbix server or proxy asks for data for example CPU load and Zabbix agent sends back the result Active checks require more complex processing The agent must first retrieve a list of items from Zabbix server for independent processing Then it will periodically send new values to the server Whether to perform passive or active checks is configured by selecting the respective monitoring item type Zabbix agent processes items of type Zabbix agent or Zabbix agent active Supported platforms Zabbix agent is supported for Linux IBM AIX FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD HP UX Mac OS X Solaris Windows 2000 Server 2003 XP Vista Server 2008 7 Installation See installation instructions for Zabbix agent Agent process for UNIX standalon
15. nodeid gt convert database data to new nodeid 1 R runtime control lt option gt perform administrative functions h help give this help i V version display version number i Eis p E E E a E a E E ne a e POE E a te ae tere cy ae cae eee gene ene E ES a tg a E a a Keen ey E E S E SN EE i Runtime control is not supported on OpenBSD and NetBSD Examples of command line parameters shell gt zabbix server c usr local etc zabbix server conf shell gt zabbix_ server help shell gt zabbix_ server V Runtime control Runtime control options omon Description OOOO config_cache_reload Reload configuration cache Ignored if cache is being currently loaded Example of using runtime control to reload the server configuration cache https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts server Page 1 of 2 2 Server Zabbix 12 4 13 3 36 PM Process user Zabbix server is designed to run as a non root user It will run as whatever non root user it is started as So you can run server as any non root user without any issues If you will try to run it as root it will switch to a hardcoded zabbix user which must be present on your system These settings currently cannot be user configured neither during compilation nor in the configuration file If Zabbix server and agent are run on the same machine it is recommended to use a different user for running the server than for running the agent Otherwise if bo
16. ollowing license CC Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3 0 Unported http creativecommons org licenses by nc sa 3 0 https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts proxy Page 2 of 2 5 Java gateway Zabbix 12 4 13 3 37 PM 5 Java gateway Overview Zabbix 2 0 adds native support for monitoring JMX applications by introducing a new Zabbix daemon called Zabbix Java gateway Zabbix Java gateway is a daemon written in Java When Zabbix server wants to know the value of a particular JMX counter on a host it asks Zabbix Java gateway which uses the JMX management API http java sun com javase technologies core mntr mgmt javamanagement to query the application of interest remotely The application does not need any additional software installed it just has to be started with Dcom sun management jmxremote option on the command line Java gateway accepts incoming connection from Zabbix server or proxy and can only be used as a passive proxy As opposed to Zabbix proxy it may also be used from Zabbix proxy Zabbix proxies cannot be chained Access to each Java gateway is configured directly in Zabbix server or proxy configuration file thus only one Java gateway may be configured per Zabbix server or Zabbix proxy If a host will have items of type JMX agent and items of other type only the JMX agent items will be passed to Java gateway for retrieval When an item has to be updated over Java gateway Zabbix serve
17. orted http creativecommons org licenses by nc sa 3 0 https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts sender Page 2 of 2 7 Get Zabbix 12 4 13 3 37 PM 7 Get Overview Zabbix get is a process which can be used to communicate with Zabbix agent and retrieve required information from the agent The utility is usually used for the troubleshooting of Zabbix agents Running Zabbix get An example of running Zabbix get under UNIX to get the processor load value from the agent shell gt cd bin shell gt zabbix get s 127 0 0 1 p 10050 k system cpu load all avg1l i s host lt host name or IP gt Specify host name or IP address of a host i i p port lt port number gt Specify port number of agent running on the host Default is 10050 i i I source address lt IP address gt Specify source IP address k key lt item key gt Specify key of item to retrieve value of i h help Give this help i i V version Display version number i a iag A Gd Sa Di ad dd Ge d Ga ah ad Gd ag Ga a O ah D ad fad Da Di G Gd Gd GA Gg Gd ad GAGE Li ad Sd ad Di Gd Sag Gi ai h ag Gh a Shag Lh ai Gd ai Gi ai as Gi ad h ad Ld ad DAGS Gi Dd Gh Lg ai Li Shad 2i ad Ad ag Di ad ShOS Ga Ld Ad ae Li Gd Sa ad Gd ae Sd Di Ses Gd ad Gd ad sd Sa Gh a Gd d AS ai 2 0 manual concepts get txt Last modified 2012 06 21 16 40 by martins v Except where otherwise noted content on this wiki is licensed under the following license CC Attribut
18. pdate and fetch Zabbix objects like hosts items graphs and others or perform any other custom tasks Zabbix server a central process of Zabbix software that performs monitoring interacts with Zabbix proxies and agents calculates triggers sends notifications a central repository of data Zabbix agent a process deployed on monitoring targets to actively monitor local resources and applications Zabbix proxy a process that may collect data on behalf of Zabbix server taking some processing load off of the server node a full Zabbix server configured as an element within a hierarchy of distributed monitoring it is responsible for monitoring its own location 2 0 manual concepts definitions txt Last modified 2012 04 02 13 24 by martins v Except where otherwise noted content on this wiki is licensed under the following license CC Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3 0 Unported http creativecommons org licenses by nc sa 3 0 https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts definitions Page 2 of 2 2 Server Zabbix 12 4 13 3 36 PM 2 Server Overview Zabbix server is the central process of Zabbix software The server performs the polling and trapping of data it calculates triggers sends notifications to users It is the central component to which Zabbix agents and proxies report data on availability and integrity of systems The server can itself remotely check networked services such as web servers and
19. r or proxy will connect to the Java gateway and request the value which Java gateway in turn retrieves and passes back to the server or proxy As such Java gateway does not cache any values Zabbix server or proxy has a specific type of processes that connect to Java gateway controlled by the option StartJavaPollers Internally Java gateway starts multiple threads controlled by the START_POLLERS option On the server side if a connection takes more than Timeout seconds it will be terminated but Java gateway might still be busy retrieving value from the JMX counter Zabbix server or proxy will try to pool requests to a single JMX target together as much as possible affected by item intervals and send them to the Java Gateway in a single connection for better performance It is suggested to have StartJavaPollers less than or equal to START_POLLERS otherwise there might be situations when no threads are available in the Java gateway to service incoming requests Sections below describe how to get and run Zabbix Java gateway how to configure Zabbix server or Zabbix proxy to use Zabbix Java gateway for JMX monitoring and how to configure Zabbix items in Zabbix GUI that correspond to particular JMX counters 5 1 Getting Java gateway There are two ways to get Java gateway One is to download Java gateway package from Zabbix website and the other is to compile Java gateway from source 5 1 1 Downloading from Zabbix website This option
20. t shutdown sh 1 ah eee ee eee ee ee See eee ee ee ee eee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee eee Cee ee ee eee ee Pe Sete ee te Cee ee te ee et ete ee eee ee Note that unlike server or proxy Java gateway is lightweight and does not need a database 5 4 Configuring server for use with Java gateway Now that Java gateway is running you have to tell Zabbix server where to find Zabbix Java gateway This is done by specifying JavaGateway and JavaGatewayPort parameters in server configuration file If the host on which JMX application is running is monitored by Zabbix proxy then you specify the connection parameters in proxy configuration file instead JavaGateway 192 168 3 14 JavaGatewayPort 10052 By default server does not start any processes related to JMX monitoring If you wish to use it however you have to specify the number of pre forked instances of Java pollers You do this in the same way you specify regular pollers and trappers ek Ra Day iy te a el ae ye Da ie a aes a sy a ap ee ey aa ae eee pepe epee ere eee ere ee epee cree ee Crem epee ey Ai AEE AR eae er CaA E i Ae eee eye bee cree eer A A a Soe 9 Do not forget to restart server or proxy once you are done with configuring them 5 5 Debugging Java gateway In case there are any problems with Java gateway or an error message that you see about an item in the frontend is not descriptive enough you might wish to take a look at Java gateway log file By default Java gat
21. th are run as the same user the agent can access the server configuration file and any Admin level user in Zabbix can quite easily retrieve for example the database password Configuration file See the configuration file options for details on configuring zabbix_server Start up scripts The scripts are used to automatically start stop Zabbix processes during system s start up shutdown The scripts are located under directory misc init d Supported platforms Due to the security requirements and mission critical nature of server operation UNIX is the only operating system that can consistently deliver the necessary performance fault tolerance and resilience Zabbix operates on market leading versions Zabbix server is tested on the following platforms Linux Solaris AIX HP UX Mac OS X FreeBSD OpenBSD NetBSD SCO Open Server Tru64 OSF1 Zabbix may work on other Unix like operating systems as well linking to other sections like zabbix maintenance etc 2 0 manual concepts server txt Last modified 2012 07 19 10 52 by martins v Except where otherwise noted content on this wiki is licensed under the following license CC Attribution Noncommercial Share Alike 3 0 Unported http creativecommons org licenses by nc sa 3 0 https www zabbix com documentation 2 0 manual concepts server Page 2 of 2 3 Agent Zabbix 12 4 13 3 36 PM 3 Agent Overview Zabbix agent is deployed on a mo
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