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TSIM2 Simulator User`s Manual

1. The gpioout callback should be set by the user module at startup The gpioin callback is set by the U699 AHB module The gpioout callback is called by the UT699 module whenever a GPIO output pin changes The gpioin callback is called by the user module when the input pins should change Typically the user module would register an event handler at a certain time offset and call gpioin from within the event handler Table 7 8 gpioout callback parameters Parameter Description out The values of the output pins Table 7 9 gpioin callback parameters Parameter Description in The input pin values The return value of gpioin gpioout is ignored 7 8 CAN interface The UT699 AHB module contains 2 CAN OC cores which models the CAN OC cores available in the UT699 For core details and register specification please see the UT699 manual 7 8 1 Start up options CAN core start up options can_ocX connect host port Connect CAN OC core X to packet server to specified server and TCP port can_ocX server port Open a packet server for CAN OC core X on specified TCP port Can OCH ack 011 Specifies whether the CAN OC core will wait for a acknowledgment packet on transmission This option must be put after can_ocX connect X in the above options is in the range 1 2 7 8 2 Commands CAN core TSIM commands can ocX connect host port Connect CAN OC core X to packet server to specified server and TCP p
2. in WIN32 list of search paths cas When running a VXWORKS SMP image the SPARCV9 casa instruction is used The option cas enables this instruction LEON3 4 only dcsize size Defines the set size KiB of the LEON data cache Allowed values are powers of two in the range 1 64 for LEON2 and 1 256 for LEON3 4 Default is 4 KiB dlock Enable data cache line locking Default is disabled LEON only dlram addr size Allocates size KiB of local dcache scratchpad memory at address addr LEON3 4 dlsize size Sets the line size of the LEON data cache in bytes Allowed values are 16 or 32 Default is 16 drepl repl Sets the replacement algorithm for the LEON data cache Allowed values are rnd default for LEON for random replacement 1 ru default for LEON3 4 for the least recently used replacement algorithm and 1rr for the least recently replaced replacement algorithm dsets sets Defines the number of sets in the LEON data cache Allowed values are 1 4 exc2b Issue 0x2b memory exception on memory write store error LEON only extnr Enable extended irq ctrl with extended irq number nr LEON3 4 only fast_uart Run UARTs at infinite speed rather than with correct slow baud rate fpm fp module Use Co module as loadable FPU module rather than the default fp so LEON only The enviromental variable TSIM_MODULE_PATH can be set to a separated in WIN32 list of search paths
3. The instruction timing of the emulated LEON4 processor is modelled after LEON4 VHDL model in GRLIB IP library The processor can be configured with 2 32 register windows using the nwin switch The MMU can be emulated using the mmu switch Local scratch pad RAM can be added with the ilram and dl ram switches 4 5 3 L1 Cache memories TSIM LEON4 can emulate any permissible cache configuration using the icsize ilsize dcsiz and dlsize options Allowed sizes are 1 256 KiB with 16 32 bytes line The characteristics of the LEON multi set caches can be emulated using the isets dsets irepl drelp ilock and dlock options Diagnostic cache reads writes are implemented The simulator commands icache and dcache can be used to display cache contents 4 5 4 L2 Cache memory The LEON4 L2 cache is emulated and placed between the memory controller and AHB bus Both the PROM and SRAM SDRAM areas are cached in the L2 The size of the L2 cache is default 64 KiB but can be configured to any binary aligned size using the 12wsize switch at start up Setting the size to 0 will disable the L2 cache The L2 cache is implemented with one way and 32 bytes line The contents of the L2 cache can be displayed with the I2cache command 4 5 5 Power down mode The LEON4 power down function is implemented as in the specification A Ctrl C in the simulator window will exit the power down mode In power down mode the simulator skips tim
4. freq system clock Sets the simulated system clock MHz Will affect UART timing and performance statistics Default is 14 for ERC32 and 50 for LEON gdb Listen for GDB connection directly at start up gdbuart fwd Forward output from first UART to GDB gr702rc Set cache parameters to emulate the GR702RC device gr7l2rc Set parameters to emulate the GR712RC device Must be used when using the GR712 AHB module grfpu Emulate the GRFPU floating point unit rather then Meiko or GRFPU lite LEON only hwbp Use TSIM hardware breakpoints for gdb breakpoints AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 5 GAISLER icsize size Defines the set size KiB of the LEON instruction cache Allowed values are powers of two in the range 1 64 for LEON 2 and 1 256 for LEON3 4 Default is 4 KiB EE Generate illegal instruction trap on IFLUSH Emulates the IFT input on the ERC32 processor ilock Enable instruction cache line locking Default is disabled ilram addr size Allocates size bytes of local icache scratchpad memory at address addr LEON3 4 ilsize size Sets the line size of the LEON instruction cache in bytes Allowed values are 16 or 32 Default is 16 for LEON2 3 and 32 for LEONA iom io module Use io module as loadable I O module rather than the default io so The enviromental variable TSIM MODULE PATH can be set to a separated in WIN32 list of search paths irepl repli Sets the replac
5. The handler should not increment the pc or npc registers as this is done by TSIM 4 1 7 Chip specific errata Incorrect behavior described in errata documents for specific devices are not emulated by TSIM in general 4 2 ERC32 specific emulation 4 2 1 Processor emulation TSIM ERC32 emulates the behaviour of the TSC695 processor from Atmel by default The parallel execu tion between the IU and FPU is modelled as well as stalls due to operand dependencies IU amp FPU Starting TSIM with the tsc691 will enable TSC691 emulation 3 chip ERC32 4 2 2 MEC emulation The following table outlines the implemented MEC registers Table 4 1 Implemented MEC registers Register Address Status MEC control register 0x01f80000 implemented Software reset register 0x01f80004 implemented Power down register 0x01f80008 implemented AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 19 GAISLER Register Address Status Memory configuration register 0x01f80010 partly implemented IO configuration register 0x01f80014 implemented Waitstate configuration register 0x01f80018 implemented Access protection base register 1 0x01f80020 implemented Access protection end register 1 0x01f80024 implemented Access protection base register 2 0x01f80028 implemented Access protection end register 2 0x01f8002c implemented Interrupt shape register 0x01f80044 implem
6. at697 linux at697 so AT697 AHB module for Linux at697 win32 at697 dil AT697 AHB module for Windows Input The input directory contains two examples of PCI user mod ules at697 examples input README txt Description of the user module examples at697 examples input Makefile Makefile for building the user modules at697 examples input pci c PCI user module example that makes AT697 PCI initiator accesses at697 examples input pci_target c PCI user module example that makes AT697 PCI target ac cesses at697 examples input at697inputprovider h Interface between the AT697 module and the user defined PCI module at697 examples input pci_input h AT697 PCI input provider definitions at697 examples input input h Generic input provider definitions at697 examples input tsim h TSIM interface definitions at697 examples input end h Defines the endian of the local machine 10 2 Loading the module The module is loaded using the TSIM2 option ahbm All core specific options described in the following sections need to be surrounded by the options designinput and designinputend e g On Linux tsim leon ahbm at697 linux at697 so designinput at697 examples input pci so designinputend On Windows tsim leon ahbm at697 win32 at697 d11 designinput at697 examples input pci dll designinputend This loads the AT697 AHB module at697 so which in turn loads the PCI user module pci so The PCI user module pci so communicates with a
7. tsim h defines the structure to be provided by the emulated AHB module struct ahb_access uint32 address uint32 data uint32 ws uint32 rnum uint32 wsize uint32 cache No longer used struct pp amba int is apb unsigned int vendor device version irq struct unsigned int addr p c mask type bars 4 struct ahb_subsystem void init struct proc_interface procif called once on start up void exit called once on exit void reset called on processor reset void restart called on simulator restart int read struct ahb_access access int write struct ahb access access char get_io_ptr unsigned int addr int size int command char cmd I O specific commands int sigio called when SIGIO occurs void save char fname save state void restore char fname restore state int intack int level interrupt acknowledge int plugandplay struct pp_amba LEON3 4 get plug amp play information void intpend unsigned int pend LEON3 4 only interrupt pending change int meminit tell tsim weather to initialize mem struct sim_interface simif initialized by tsim unsigned char get_mem_ptr_ws initialized if meminit was set void snoop unsigned int addr initialized with cache snoop routine struct io_interface io initialize
8. 2 Ethernet debug flags Flag Trace GAISLER_GRETH_ACC GRETH accesses AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 41 GAISLER Flag Trace GAISLER GRETH LI GRETH accesses verbose GAISLER GRETH TX GRETH transmissions GAISLER GRETH Rx GRETH reception GAISLER GRETH RXPACKET GRETH received packets GAISLER GRETH RXCTRL GAISLER GRETH RXBDCTRL GRETH RX packet server protocol GRETH RX buffer descriptors DMA GAISLER_GRETH_RXBDCTRL GRETH TX packet server protocol GAISLER_GRETH_TXPACKET GRETH transmitted packets GAISLER_GRETH_IRQ GRETH interrupts 7 5 4 Ethernet packet server The simulation model relies on a packet server to receive and transmit the Ethernet packets The packet server should open a TCP socket which the module can connect to The Ethernet core is connected to a packet server using the grethconnect Start up parameter or using the greth_connect command An example implementation of a packet server named greth_config is included in TSIM distribution It uses the TUN TAP interface in Linux or the WinPcap library on Windows to connect the GRETH core to a physical Ethernet LAN This makes it easy to connect the simulated GRETH core to real hardware It can provide a throughput in the order of magnitude of 500 to 1000 KiB sec See its distributed README for usage instructions 7 5 5 Ethernet packet server protocol 7 6 Ethernet data packets have the following format Not
9. AEROFLEX GAISLER TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual ERC32 LEON2 LEON3 LEON4 TSIM2 UM Version 2 0 39 June 2015 Kungsgatan 12 tel 46 31 7758650 411 19 Gothenburg fax 46 31 421407 Sweden www aeroflex com gaisler AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual ii GAISLER TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual Copyright 2015 Cobham Gaisler AB AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual ili GAISLER Table of Contents 1 Inttoduell On EE ee EE DR N Ee EE Ge Ee Ee GR ER snes 1 1 1 Gen rals s ss RE ee AG DR DE GE Ee Ee Ee Ee mire ete mener eee ete 1 1 2 Supported platforms and system requirements cece cece cece eeee ce ee ee AR eeu Ge ee ee 1 1 3 Obt mi e TSIM RE SE RE RE EE OE OR EEN 1 1 4 Problem oi EE AR E RE OE EE KA EE 1 ESE GE N OE EE N RO EE EE ES ESENES 2 Dele General RE N EE OR 2 2 2 bedde EE EE OE EE Ed 2 ske EA AE RR ER EE EE Ee be N ER ue 3 amp Me AE N RE N OE N KO EE Ro 3 ESEG TAS ER OR E 3 3 3 Standalone mode commands ee GR ee AR Ge GR ee ee be EER ee 7 3 4 Symbolic debug information sise 10 3 5 Breakpoints and wWatchponts suier issus ee SE EES nur ENEE De EE Eg BEG ee Ee ee EKETE iE 10 3 6 EE 11 3 1 CODE ES AE EO OE HE RO OE EE EL 11 3 8 Check e e 12 3 9 Performance n resies reine Ee Er EE AEN EERE De e Ee GE Re ee ee Se se Re GE be n ee ES N Ee 13 3 10 Baektrace ee EE N REDE DE ER EG EER Ge E De ER tte nent N ROES Ie Ge ed 13 3 11 Connecting to gdp gea ged EDE GE EEEE EOE T DERE E
10. Es GR RS ER SE ve Be be soes 20 4 2 8 Extended RAM and VO areas uses 20 D E EE 20 42 10 EXTINTACK signal ss sue dame HERPES SR EER Ge RD EE SE EER ss Re Ee entiere tte des 20 4 2 1 DADE EE RE N EE AE OE AE ER EN 21 4 3 LEON specific emulation ses Ese Se ER OASE EER sane EE GE Ee GE De RE RR ONE EDS ne pe E Rg Ee De ese 21 A3 l aie OR OE ER EE ER ENE 21 4 32 Cache memories EES nee EE BED ER EE Se DERE ER DE teen ERROR E EES Re Gee 21 4 3 3 LEON peripherals registers tee AER Web see Eke EES EEN Ke dees 21 4 34 Interrupt controller serieren EERS EER REDS HEDE SN Ee Message ame OR ee ange AGE Se EG ER See 21 4 3 5 POWER down MOE sise EE se SE ES Se EE EE ED Re Ge EE De oe DE Ee ee BE Ge ee Ee ge Se ge 21 4 3 6 Memory emulatlOf 25 ER EE ER EES ER EE suse GE GR VER OES EE ER GR SEN ER Re EES Eed 21 4 3 7 SPARC V8 MUL DIV MAC instructions 21 4 3 8 DSU and hardware breakpoints 22 4 4 LEON specific emulation esse 22 dd General so RE ER EE EE EE AE GE Ee EE EE 22 AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual iv GAISLER ENE VRA EE AE OE EE EE 22 44 3 Cache memories fei AE RR DT 22 4 4 4 Power down mode 4 essieu 22 4 4 5 LEON3 peripherals registers se 22 4 4 6 Interrupt Controller nine conte ed ge GE SEE ERG De Ge ee GEE dee eg GE GEE 22 4 4 7 Memory emulation iese se see se ee ee Ge ER Ge ee Ge RR ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 22 ERA OGE DE ee EE N EE NE EE RE 23 4 4 9 SPARC V8 MU
11. Simulator User s Manual 66 AEROFLEX GAISLER be the host and accesses to the configuration space is not supported Parameter addr specifies the address Parameter data should point to a memory location where to return the read data on a read command or point to the write data on a write command Parameter mexc should point to a memory location where to return a possible error If the call was hit by MEMBARO MEMBARI or IOBAR target read will return 1 otherwise 0 10 8 Registers Table 10 2 contains a list of implemented and not implemented fields of the AT697F PCI Registers Only register fields that are relevant for the emulated PCI module is implemented Table 10 2 PCI register support Register Implemented Not implemented PCIID1 device id vendor id PCISC stat 13 stat 12 stat 11 stat 7 stat 6 stat 5 stat15 statl4 stat10 9 stat8 coml0 com stat 4 com2 com 1 com com8 com7 com6 com5 com4 com3 PCIID2 class code revision id PCIBHDLC bist header type latency timer cache size config space only PCIMBARI base address pref type msi PCIMBAR 2 base address pref type msi PCIIOBAR3 10 base address ms PCISID subsystem id svi PCICP pointer PCILI max lat min gnt int pin int line con fig space only PCIRT retry trdy config space only PCICW ben PCISA start address PCITW ben PCIDMA wdcnt com b2b PCIIS act xff xfe rfe
12. TSIM_MODULE_PATH can be set to a separated in WIN32 list of search paths 5 2 1 procif structure TSIM exports one structure for AHB emulation procif The procif structure defines a few functions giving access to the processor emulation and cache behaviour The procif structure is defined in tsim h struct proc_interface void set_irl int level generate external interrupt void cache_snoop uint32 addr void cctrl uint32 data uint32 read void power_down void set_irq_level int level int set void set irg uint32 irq uint32 level generate external interrupt extern struct proc_interface procif The elements in the structure have the following meaning void set_irl int level Set the current interrupt level iui irl in VHDL model Allowed values are 0 15 with 0 meaning no pending interrupt Once the interrupt level is set it will remain until it is changed by a new call to set_irl The modules interrupt callback routine should typically reset the interrupt level to avoid new interrupts void cache_snoop uint32 addr The cache_snoop function can be used to invalidate data cache lines regardless of whether data cache snooping is enabled or not The tags to the given address will be checked and if a match is detected the corresponding cache lines will be flushed i e the tag will be cleared If an MMU is present and is enabled the argument should
13. The SPARCV9 casa command is implemented if the cas switch is given The casa instruction is used in VXWORKS SMP multiprocessing to synchronize using a lock free protocol 4 4 9 SPARC V8 MUL DIV MAC instructions TSIM LEON3 optionally supports the SPARC V8 multiply divide and MAC instruction To correctly em ulate LEON systems which do not implement these instructions use the nomac to disable the MAC in struction and or nov8 to disable multiply and divide instructions 4 4 10 DSU and hardware breakpoints The LEON debug support unit DSU and the hardware watchpoints asr24 asr31 are not emulated 4 4 11 AHB status registers When using ahbstatus or a chip option for a chip that has AHB status registers AHB status registers are enabled As TSIM LEON3 does not emulate FT the CE bit will never be set Furthermore the HMASTER field is set to O when the CPU caused the error and 1 when any other master caused the error 4 5 LEON4 specific emulation 4 5 1 General The LEON4 version of TSIM emulates the behavior of the LEON4MP template VHDL model distributed in the GRLIB 1 0 x IP library The system includes the following modules LEON4 processor APB bridge IRQMP interrupt controller LEON2 memory controller L2 cache GPTIMER timer unit with two 32 bit timers two APBUART uarts The AHB APB plug amp play information is provided at address OxFFFFF000 OxFFFFFFFF AHB and 0x800FF000 Ox800FFFFF APB 4 5 2 Processor
14. The module is loaded using the TSIM2 option ahbm All core specific options described in the following sections need to be surrounded by the options designinput and designinputend e g On Linux tsim leon gr712rc ahbm gr712 linux gr712 so designinput gr712 examples input spi so designinputend On Windows tsim leon gr712rc ahbm gr712 win32 gr712 d1l designinput gr712 examples input spi dll designinputend The option gr712rc needs to be given to TSIM to enable the GR712 processor configuration The above line loads the GR712 AHB module gr712 so which in turn loads the SPI user module spi so The SPI user module spi so communicates with gr712 so using the user module interface described in gr712inputprovider h while gr712 so communicates with TSIM via the AHB interface Debugging To enable printout of debug information the gr712 dbgon flag switch can be used Alternatively one can issue the gr712_dbgon f1ag command on the TSIM2 command line The debug flags that are available are described for each core in the following sections and can be listed by gr712_dbgon help 9 4 CAN interface The GR712 AHB module contains 2 CAN_OC cores which models the CAN_OC cores available in the GR712 For core details and register specification please see the GR712 manual 9 4 1 Start up options CAN core start up options can_ocX connect host port Connect CAN OC core X to packet server to specified server and TCP po
15. Vi The callback gr712_inp_restart will be called every time the simulator restarts At initialization the callback gr712_inp_setup will be called once supplied with a pointer to structure struct gr712_inp_layout defined in gr712inputprovider h see Section 9 7 1 and Section 9 7 2 for details struct gr712_inp_layout struct gpio_input gpio 2 struct spi_input spi Vi The user module can access the global TSIM struct sim interface structure through the simif member See Chapter 5 for more details The user supplied dynamic library should claim the gr712_inp_layout gpio or gr712 inp layout spi mem bers by using the INPUT CLAIM macro i e INPUT_CLAIM I gt gpio see the example below A typical user supplied dynamic library would look like this simple gpio user module that toggles all input bits include lt stdio h gt include lt string h gt include tsim h TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 62 EROFLEX GAISLER include gr712inputprovider h extern struct gr712_subsystem gr712inputsystem static struct gr712_inp_layout lay 0 static void Change struct gpio input ctrl int gpioout struct gpio_input ctrl unsigned int out static void gr712_inp_setup int id struct gr712_inp_layout 1 char argv int argc lay 1 printf User dll gr712_inp_setup Claiming s n 1 gt gpio 0 _b name INPUT_CLAIM 1 gt gpio 0 1 gt gpio 0 gpioout gpioout gr712inputsyst
16. be returned Set to NULL if not used int command char cmd The AHB module can optionally receive command line commands A command is first sent to the AHB and I O modules and if not recognised then to TSIM command is called with the full command string in cmd Should return 1 if the command is recognized otherwise 0 When TSIM commands are issued through the gdb monitor command a return value of 0 or 1 will result in an OK response to the gdb command A return value gt 1 will send the value itself as the gdb response A return value lt 1 will truncate the lsb 8 bits and send them back as a gdb error response Bon void save char fname The save function is called when save command is issued in the simulator The AHB module should save any required state which is needed to completely restore the state at a later stage fname points to the base file name which is used by TSIM TSIM save its internal state to fname tss It is suggested that the AHB module save its state to fname ahs Note that any events placed in the event queue by the AHB module will be saved and restored by TSIM void restore char fname The restore function is called when restore command is issued in the simulator The AHB module should restore any required state to resume operation from a saved check point fname points to the base file name which is used by TSIM TSIM restores its internal state from fname tss int int
17. but before the instruction is executed The callbacks are removed by calling tsim_trap witha NULL arguments int tsim_cov_get int start int end char ptr tsim_cov_get will return the coverage data for the address range gt start and lt end The coverage data will be written to a char array pointed to by ptr starting at ptr 0 One character per 32 bit word in the address range will be written The user must assure that the char array is large enough to hold the coverage data int tsim cov set int start int end char val tsim_cov_set will fill the coverage data in the address range limited by start and end see above for definition with the value of val int tsim_ext_ins int func struct ins_interface r tsim ext ins installs a handler for custom instructions func is a pointer to an instruction emu lation function as described in Section 4 1 6 Calling tsim_ext_ins with a NULL pointer will remove the handler int tsim_lastbp int addr When simulation stopped due to breakpoint or watchpoint hit SIGTRAP this function will return the address of the break watchpoint in addr The function return value indicates the break cause 0 breakpoint 1 watchpoint AHB modules AHB modules can be loaded by adding the ahbm lt name gt switch to the tsim_init string when starting See Section 5 2 for further information VO interface The TSIM library uses the same I O interface as the standalone sim
18. cp_interface cp amp test_fpu Attach pointer 5 3 4 Big versus little endianess SPARC is conforms to the big endian byte ordering This means that the most significant byte of a half word has lowest address To execute efficiently on little endian hosts such as Intel x86 PCs emulated register file is organised on word basis with the bytes within a word arranged according the endianess of the host Double words are also in host order and the read write register functions must therefore invert the Isb of the register address when performing word access on little endian hosts See the file fp c for examples cp_load cp_store EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 35 GAISLER 5 3 5 Additional TSIM commands float Shows the registers of the FPU CP Shows the registers of the co processor 5 3 6 Example FPU The file fp c contains a complete SPARC FPU using the co processor interface It can be used as a template for implementation of other co processors Note that data dependency checking for correct timing is not implemented in this version it is however implemented in the built in version of TSIM TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 36 EROFLEX GAISLER 6 TSIM library TLIB 6 1 6 2 Introduction The professional version of TSIM is also available as a library allowing the simulator to be integrated in a larger simulation frame work The various TSIM commands and options are accessible through a
19. defined in sim h struct sim_options int phys_ram int phys_sdram int phys_rom double freq double wdfreq hi struct sim_interface struct sim_options options tsim command line options uint64 simtime current simulator time void event void cfunc uint32 arg uint64 offset void stop_event void cfunc int irl interrup request level void sys_reset reset processor void sim_stop stop simulation char args concaterated argv void stop_event_arg void cfunc int arg int op Restorable events unsigned short reg_revent void cfunc unsigned long arg unsigned short reg_revent_prearg void cfunc unsigned long arg unsigned long arg int revent unsigned short index unsigned long arg uint64 offset int revent_prearg unsigned short index uint64 offset void stop_revent unsigned short index hi struct sim_interface simif exported simulator functions The elements in the structure has the following meaning struct sim_options options Contains some tsim startup options options freq defines the clock frequency of the emulated processor and can be used to correlate the simulator time to the real time uint64 simtime Contains the current simulator time Time is counted in clock cycles since start of simulation To cal culate the elapsed real time divide simtime with options freq void event
20. dmas ss PCIIC mod commsb dwr dww per PCITPA tpal tpa2 PCITSC errmem xff xfe rfe tms PCIITE dmaer imier tier cmfer imper tbeer tper syser PCIITP dmaer imier tier cmfer imper tbeer tper syser PCIITF dmaer imier tier cmfer imper tbeer tper syser PCID dat PCIBE dat PCIDMAA addr PCIA p0 pl p2 p3 10 9 Debug flags The switch designdbgon flags can be used to enable debug output The possible values for flags are as follows TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 67 EROFLEX Table 10 3 Debug flags ESAPCI REGACC Trace accesses to the PCI registers ESAPCI ACC Trace accesses to the PCI AHB slave address space ESAPCI DMA Trace DMA ESAPCI IRO Trace PCI IRQ 10 10 Commands pci Displays all PCI registers AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 68 GAISLER 11 Support For support contact the Cobham Gaisler support team at support gaisler com TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 69 AEROFLEX 12 Disclaimer Aeroflex Gaisler AB reserves the right to make changes to any products and services described herein at any time without notice Consult Aeroflex or an authorized sales representative to verify that the information in this document is current before using this product Aeroflex does not assume any responsibility or liability arising out of the application or use of any product or service described herein except as expressly agreed to in writing by Aeroflex nor does
21. execution will stop after the specified number of instructions If a time is given execution will continue until t ime is reached relative to the current time The time can be given in micro seconds milliseconds seconds minutes hours or days by adding us ms s min h or d to the time expression Example go 0x40000000 400 ms NOTE For the go command if the count t ime parameter is given address must be specified help Print a small help menu for the TSIM commands hist length Enable the instruction trace buffer The length last executed instructions will be placed in the trace buffer A hist command without length will display the trace buffer Specifying a zero trace length will disable the trace buffer See the inst length command for displaying only a part of the in struction trace buffer icache dcache Dumps the contents of tag and data cache memories LEON only AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 9 GAISLER inc time Increment simulator time without executing instructions Time is given in the same format as for the go command Event queue is evaluated during the advancement of time inst length Display the latest length default 30 instructions in the instruction trace buffer See the hist length command for how to enable the instruction trace buffer leon Display LEON peripherals registers load files Load files into simulator memory 2cache Display con
22. int addr int data int ws int size Processor write call The size of the written data is indicated in size 0 byte 1 half word 2 word 3 doubleword The address is provided in addr and is always aligned with respect to the size of the written data The number of waitstates should be returned in ws If the access would fail illegal address etc 1 should be returned on success 0 char get_io_ptr unsigned int addr int size TSIM can access emulated memory in the I O device in two ways either through the io_read io write functions or directly through a memory pointer get io ptr is called with the target address and transfer size in bytes and should return a character pointer to the emulated memory array if the address and size is within the range of the emulated memory If outside the range 1 should be returned Set to NULL if not used int command char cmd The I O module can optionally receive command line commands A command is first sent to the AHB and I O modules and if not recognised the to TSIM command is called with the full command string in cmd Should return 1 if the command is recognized otherwise 0 TSIM ERC32 also calls this callback when the SYSAV bit in the ERSR register changes The commands sysav 0 and sysav 1 are then issued When TSIM commands are issued through the gdb monitor command a return value of 0 or 1 will result in an OK response to the gdb comm
23. obtain maximum simulation performance any diagnostic software should remove all inserted errors after having performed an EDAC test 4 2 8 Extended RAM and I O areas TSIM allows emulation of user defined I O devices through loadable modules EDAC emulation of extended RAM areas is not supported 4 2 9 SYSAV signal TSIM emulates changes in the SYSAV output by calling the command callback in the I O module with either sysav 0 or sysav 1 on each changes of SYSAV 4 2 10 EXTINTACK signal TSIM emulates assertion of the EXTINTACK output by calling the command callback in the I O module with extintack on each assertion Note that EXTINTACK is only asserted for one external interrupt as programmed in the MEC interrupt shape register EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 21 GAISLER 4 2 11 IWDE signal The TSC695E processor input signal can be controlled by the iwde switch at start up If the switch is given the IWDE signal will be high and the internal watchdog enabled If iwde is not given IWDE will be low and the internal watchdog will be disabled Note that the simulator must started in TSC695E mode using the tsc695e switch for this option to take effect 4 3 LEON2 specific emulation 4 3 1 Processor The LEON version of TSIM emulates the behavior of the LEON2 VHDL model The optional MMU can be emulated using the mmu switch 4 3 2 Cache memories TSIM LEON2 can emulate any permissib
24. one built in UART the second built in UART is is disabled by the gr712rc option The extra UARTS are numbered 2 through 6 9 8 1 Start up options uartX device Works like the ordinary uartX device option but for X in the range 2 6 with the extra possibility to set the UART to use stdin and stdout by using uartX stdio 9 8 2 Commands uartX_connect device Has the same effect as uartX device above but can as a command uartX_status Shows the status of the UART uartX_dbg lt flag list help clean gt Toggle show disable or show help for debug options for the given UART X in the above commands is in the range 2 6 TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 64 AEROFLEX 10 Atmel AT697 PCI emulation 10 1 Overview The PCI emulation is implemented as a AT697 AHB module that will process all accesses to memory region 0xa0000000 0xf0000000 AHB slave mode and the APB registers starting at 0x80000100 The AT697 AHB module implements all registers of the PCI core It will in turn load the PCI user modules that will implement the devices The AT697 AHB module is supposed to be the PCI host Both PCI Initiator and PCI Target mode are supported The interface to the PCI user modules is implemented on bus level Two callbacks model the PCI bus The following files are delivered with the AT697 TSIM module Table 10 1 Files delivered with the AT697 TSIM module File Description
25. register controls how and when processor interrupts are actually generated When nouart has been used MEC interrupts 4 5 and 7 can be generated by calling set_irq with irq 6 7 and 9 level is not used in this case LEON use set the interrupt pending bit for interrupt irq Valid values on irq is 1 15 Care should be taken not to set interrupts used by the LEON emulated peripherals Note that the LEON interrupt control register controls how and when processor interrupts are actually generated Note that level is not used with LEON int dma read uint32 addr uint32 data int num int dma_write uint32 addr uint32 data int num Performs DMA transactions to from the emulated processor memory Only 32 bit word transfers are allowed and the address must be word aligned On bus error 1 is returned otherwise 0 For ERC32 the DMA transfer uses the external DMA interface For LEON DMA takes place on the AMBA AHB bus int dma_write_sub uint32 addr uint32 data int sz Performs DMA transactions to from the emulated processor memory on the AMBA AHB bus Available for LEON only On bus error is returned otherwise 0 Write size is indicated by sz as follows 0 byte 1 half word 2 word 3 double word 5 1 3 Structure to be provided by VO device struct io_subsystem void io_init struct sim_interface sif struct io_interface iif start up void io_exit called once on exit void io_re
26. the bits of pending interrupts set to 1 int meminit If all loaded AHB modules sets meminit to 1 TSIM will initialize and emulate initialize and emulate SRAM SDRAM PROM memory Thus the AHB module should initialize meminit with 1 if TSIM or another AHB module should handle memory simulation Calls to read and write should return 1 undecoded area for the memory regions in which case TSIM or possibly some other AHB module will handle them If meminit is set to 0 the AHB module itself should emulate the memory address regions struct sim_interface simif Entry simi f is initialized by tsim with the global struct sim_interface structure unsigned char get_mem_ptr_ws unsigned int addr int size int wws int rws If meminit was set to 1 tsim will initialize get mem ptr ws with a callback that can be used to query a pointer to the host memory emulating the LEON s memory along with waitstate information Note that the host memory pointer returned is in the hosts byte order normally little endian on a PC The size parameter should be the length of the access 1 for byte 2 for short 4 for word and 8 for double word access The wws and rws parameters will return the calculated write and read waitstates for a possible access See also snoop below for responsibilities when DMA writes are done via pointers from this function void snoop unsigned int addr The callback snoop is initialized by tsim If data cache snooping is enab
27. void cfunc int arg uint64 offset TSIM maintains an event queue to emulate time dependant functions The event function inserts an event in the event queue An event consists of a function to be called when the event expires an EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 26 GAISLER argument with which the function is called and an offset relative the current time defining when the event should expire NOTE The event function may NOT be called from a signal handler installed by the I O module but only from event callbacks or at start of simulation The event queue can hold a maximum of 2048 events NOTE For save and restore support restorable events should be used instead void stop_event void cfunc stop_event will remove all events from the event queue which has the calling function equal to cfunc NOTE The stop_event function may NOT be called from a signal handler installed by the I O module int irl Current IU interrupt level Should not be used by I O functions unless they explicitly monitor theses lines void sys_reset Performs a system reset Should only be used if the I O device is capable of driving the reset input void sim_stop Stops current simulation Can be used for debugging purposes if manual intervention is needed after a certain event char args Arguments supplied when starting tsim The arguments are concatenated as a single string void stop_eve
28. will occur 4 2 3 Interrupt controller Internal interrupts are generated as defined in the MEC specification All 15 interrupts can be tested via the interrupt force register External interrupts can be generated through loadable modules 4 2 4 Watchdog The watchdog timer operate as defined in the MEC specification The frequency of the watchdog clock can be specified using the wdf rea switch The frequency is specified in MHz AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 20 GAISLER 4 2 5 Power down mode The power down register 0x01f800008 is implemented as in the specification A Ctrl C in the simulator window will exit the power down mode In power down mode the simulator skips time until the next event in the event queue thereby significantly increasing the simulation speed 4 2 6 Memory emulation The amount of simulated memory is configured through the ram and rom switches The RAM size can be between 256 KiB and 32 MiB the ROM size between 128 KiB and 4 MiB Access to unimplemented MEC registers or non existing memory will result in a memory exception trap The memory configuration register is used to decode the simulated memory The fields RSIZ and PSIZ are used to set RAM and ROM size the remaining fields are not used NOTE After reset the MEC is set to decode 128 KiB of ROM and 256 KiB of RAM The memory config uration register has to be updated to reflect the available memory The waitstate configuration reg
29. 0 main tsim gt dis strcmp 5 02002c04 84120009 or 00 Sol g2 02002c08 8088a003 andcc g2 0x3 Sot 02002c0c 3280001a bne a 0x02002c74 02002c10 c64a0000 ldsb o0 g3 02002c14 c6020000 ld o0 g3 The sym command can be used to display all symbols or to read in symbols from an alternate elf file tsim gt sym opt rtems src examples samples dhry read 234 symbols tsim gt sym 0x02000000 L text start 0x02000000 L trap table 0x02000000 L text start 0x02000000 L start 0x0200102c L window overflow 0x02001084 L window underflow 0x020010dc L _fpdis 0x02001adc T Proc_3 Reading symbols from alternate files is necessary when debugging self extracting applications such as bootproms created with mkprom or linux uClinux Breakpoints and watchpoints TSIM supports execution breakpoints and write data watchpoints In standalone mode hardware breakpoints are always used and no instrumentation of memory is made When using the gdb interface the gdb break AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 11 GAISLER 3 6 command normally uses software breakpoints by overwriting the breakpoint address with a ta 1 instruction Hardware breakpoints can be inserted by using the gdb hbreak command or by starting tsim with hwbp which will force the use of hardware breakpoints also for the gdb break command Data write watchpoints are inserted using the watch command A watchpoint can only cover one word add
30. 02000100 0000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02000180 0000000000000000000000000000 0 0 0 0 When the code coverage is saved to file only blocks with at least one coverage field set are written to the file Block that have all the coverage fields set to zero are not saved in order to decrease the file size NOTE Only the internally emulated memory PROM SRAM and SDRAM are subject for code coverage Any memory emulated in the user s I O module must be handled by a user defined coverage function The address ranges that are monitored are based on TSIM s startup parameters For instance the range corresponding to the SDRAM for LEON will begin at address 0x40000000 if TSIM was started with nosram or ram 0 or will begin at 0x60000000 otherwise Reconfiguration of the memory controller during execution will not be taken into account for monitored address ranges Coverage information on memory reads will be recorded even for cache hits NOTE on MMU and coverage The monitored ranges are based on physical addresses The TSIM coverage system does no address translations by default for performance reasons To get proper physical address coverage when the MMU is is enabled and not mapping 1 to 1 use the covt rans option There is no support for getting virtual address coverage When coverage is enabled disassembly will include an extra column after the address indicating the cov erage data This makes it easier to analyse which instructi
31. 044bec _Thread_Dispatch OxdB gent 0x40006a28 printf xa 0 READY 0x40044bec _Thread_Dispatch 0xd8 DELAY 0x40044bec _Thread_Dispatch OxdB DELAY 0x40044bec _Thread_Dispatch Zeg Wevnt thread bt id prints a backtrace of a thread tsim gt thread bt 0x0a010007 d Spc 0 0x40044bec _Thread_Dispatch 0xd8 1 0x400418f8 rtems_event_receive 0x74 2 0x40031eb4 rtems_bsdnet_event_ receive 0x18 TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual S EROFLEX 3 0x4 4 0x4 5 0x4 GAISLER 0032050 soconnsleep 0x50 0033448 accept 0x60 000366c rtems ttcp main Oxda0 A backtrace of the current thread equivalent to normal bt command tsim gt thread bt Spc 0 0x4 1 0x4 2 0x4 3 0x4 sp 0006a28 0x4008d7d0 printf 0x0 0001c04 0x4008d838 Test_task 0x178 005c88c 0x4008d8d0 _Thread_Handler Oxfc 005c78c 0x40084930 _Thread Evaluate mode 0x58 3 12 2 GDB thread commands TSIM needs the symbolic information of the image that is being debugged to be able to check for thread information Therefore the symbols needs to be read from the image using the sym command before issuing the gdb command When a program running in GDB stops TSIM reports which thread it is in The command info threads can be used in GDB to list all known threads Program Switchi 0x40001b5c in console outbyte polled received signal SIGINT ng to Thread 167837703 Interrupt port 0 ch 113 g at 12
32. 1 1rtems 4 6 5 c src lib libbsp sparc leon3 console debugputs c 38 38 while LEON3 Console Uart LEON3_Cpu_Indextport gt status amp amp LEON REG UART STATUS THE gdb info threads 8 Thread 167837702 FTPD Wevnt O0x4002f760 in _Thread_Dispatch at rtems 4 6 5 cpukit score src threaddispatch c 109 7 Thread 167837701 FTPa Wevnt O0x4002f760 in _Thread_Dispatch at rtems 4 6 5 cpukit score src threaddispatch c 109 6 Thread 167837700 DCtx Wevnt 0x4002f760 in _Thread_Dispatch at rtems 4 6 5 cpukit score src threaddispatch c 109 5 Thread 167837699 DCrx Wevnt O0x4002f760 in _Thread_Dispatch at rtems 4 6 5 cpukit score src threaddispatch c 109 4 Thread 167837698 ntwk ready 0x4002f760 in Thread Dispatch at rtems 4 6 5 cpukit score src threaddispatch c 109 3 Thread 167837697 UI1 ready 0x4002F760 in _Thread_Dispatch at rtems 4 6 5 cpukit score src threaddispatch c 109 2 Thread 151060481 Int ready 0x4002F760 in Thread Dispatch at rtems 4 6 5 cpukit score src threaddispatch c 109 1 Thread 167837703 HTPD ready 0x40001b5c in console outbyte polled port 0 ch 113 Toi at rtems 4 6 5 c sre lib libbsp sparc leon3 console debugputs c 38 Using the thread command a specified thread can be selected gdb Switchi EE Be 10
33. 2 and 3 delay cycles TSIM has 0 This does not affect simulation accuracy or timing as long as the SPARC ABI recommendations are followed that each special register write must always be followed by three NOP If the three NOP are left out the software might fail on real hardware while still executing correctly on the simulator 4 1 5 Idle loop optimisation To minimise power consumption LEON and ERC32 applications will typically place the processor in pow er down mode when the idle task is scheduled in the operation system In power down mode TSIM incre ments the event queue without executing any instructions thereby significantly improving simulation per formance However some poorly written code might use a busy loop BA 0 instead of triggering pow er down mode The bopt switch will enable a detection mechanism which will identify such behaviour and optimise the simulation as if the power down mode was entered 4 1 6 Custom instruction emulation TSIM LEON allows the emulation of custom non SPARC instructions A handler for non standard in struction can be installed using the tsim_ext_ins callback function see Section 6 2 The function handler TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 18 AEROFLEX is called each time an instruction is encountered that would cause an unimplemented instruction trap The handler is passed the opcode and all processor registers in a pointer allowing it to decode and emulate a Custom instruction a
34. 9 thread 8 ng to thread 8 Thread 167837702 0 0x4002f760 in Thread Dispatch ems 4 6 5 cpukit score src threaddispatch c 109 _Context_Switch amp amp executing gt Registers E at salu amp amp heir gt Registers Then a backtrace of the selected thread can be printed using the bt command gdb bt 0 0x4 002 760 in Thread Dispatch at rtems 4 6 5 cpukit score src thread dispatch c 109 1 0x4 event_ou at 2 0x4 event_ou at 3 0x4 0013ee0 in rtems_event_receive t 0x43fecci4 1eon3 lib include rtems score thread inl 205 002782c in rtems bsdnet event receive event ins33554432 t 0x43feccl4 7 7 rtems 4 6 5 cpukit libnetworking rtems rtems_glue c 641 0027548 in soconnsleep so 0x43f0cd70 at rtems 4 6 5 cpukit libnetwork event ins33554432 option setzt ticks 0 option sets2 ticks 0 ing rtems rtems glue c 465 4 0x4 4 6 5 cp 5 0x4 ftpd c 6 0x4 dler c 0029118 in accept s 3 name 0x43feccf0 namelen 0x43feccec at rtems ukit libnetworking rtems rtems_syscall c 215 0004028 in daemon at rtems 4 6 5 c src libnetworking rtems_servers 925 0053388 in _Thread_Handler at rtems 4 6 5 cpukit score src threadhan 23 AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 16 GAISLER 7 0x40053270 in res mkauery op 0 dname 0x0 class 0 type 0 data 0x0 datalen 0
35. Also provided as library to be included in larger simulator frameworks e 64 bit time for practically unlimited simulation periods e Instruction trace buffer e EDAC emulation ERC32 e MMU emulation LEON 2 3 4 e SRAM emulation and functional emulation of SDRAM with SRAM timing LEON2 3 4 e Local scratch pad RAM LEON3 4 e Loadable modules to include user defined I O devices e Non intrusive execution time profiling e Code coverage monitoring e Instruction trace buffer e Stack backtrace with symbolic information e Check pointing capability to save and restore complete simulator state e Unlimited number of breakpoints and watchpoints e Pre defined functional simulation modules for GR712 UT699 UT700 and AT697 Supported platforms and system requirements TSIM supports the following platforms Solaris 2 8 Linux Linux x64 Windows XP 7 and Windows XP 7 with Cygwin Unix emulation Obtaining TSIM The primary site for TSIM is www gaisler com where the latest version of TSIM can be ordered and eval uation versions downloaded Problem reports Please send problem reports or comments to support gaisler com ISPARC is a registered trademark of SPARC International AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 2 GAISLER 2 Installation 2 1 General TSIM is distributed as a tar file e g tsim erc32 2 0 39 tar gz with the following contents Table 2 1 TSIM content doc TSIM doc
36. Byte Field Description 4 Packet type Type of packet OxFF for acknowledge configuration pack ets 5 Ack configuration bit 0 Unused bit 1 Ack packet enable enabled 0 disabled bit 2 Set ack packet payload 1 ACK 0 NAK Figure 9 4 Acknowledge configuration packet format 9 5 10 100 Mbps Ethernet Media Access Controller interface The Ethernet core simulation model is designed to functionally model the 10 100 Ethernet MAC available in the GR712 For core details and register specification please see the GR712 manual The following features are supported e Direct Memory Access e Interrupts 9 5 1 Start up options Ethernet core start up options grethconnect host port Connect Ethernet core to a packet server at the specified host and port Default port is 2224 9 5 2 Commands Ethernet core TSIM commands greth_connect host port Connect Ethernet core to a packet server at the specified host and port Default port is 2224 TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 57 greth_status Print Ethernet register status 9 5 3 Debug flags The following debug flags are available for the Ethernet interface Use the them in conjunction with the gr712_dbgon command to enable different levels of debug information Table 9 4 Ethernet debug flags Flag Trace GAISLER_GRETH_ACC GRETH accesses GAISLER GRETH LI GRETH accesses verbose GAISLER GRETH TX GRETH transmissions GAISLER GRETH RX GRETH recepti
37. E Ge Wese Ge ESE eN Ge Ee ge Eege RE 64 EH Si ER EE Eet EO OE N OE EL EN 64 10 2 Loading the module issie isi beteke VEE HE GE EER EG OU EE Bes se Gee Gee bieg EE ge Eg Oe SG Eg eN gee 64 10 3 AT697 imitator ene EE 64 10 4 AT 697 target mode sesse ese DEE DES sue DR GE DER GE denied animes tree een EG de 65 10 5 Definitions Ee EE EE Ee EE EE 65 AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual vi GAISLER 105 1 PCL command table isme see ge bee ge de dg est WE dee Eege GE GER ge ge og seg 65 10 6 Read write function installed by PCI module iese see eek ee ee ee RR ee ek ee ke ee 65 10 7 Read write function installed by AT697 module iese see sek ee Ak ee ke Ge ee ee kk ee ee 65 10 8 RESISTENS ia ge ee dr te dem Ge DE EG Ge te EE Ee oe etes ee Ee ee ee 66 10 9 E 66 10 10 Commands ie EE Se EE ee DE GR ve dashes Ge EE DEE Se ge GE ee Ge Ge N ge 67 DE SUPPOFT RE EE EE 68 Eeer 69 EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 1 GAISLER 1 Introduction 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 General TSIM is a generic SPARC architecture simulator capable of emulating ERC32 and LEON based computer systems TSIM provides several unique features e Emulation of ERC32 and LEON2 3 4 processors e Superior performance up to 60 MIPS on high end PC Intel 17 2600K 3 4GHz Accelerated processor standby mode allowing faster than realtime simulation speeds e Standalone operation or remote connection to GNU debugger gdb e
38. ES reserved for future use must be set to 0 15 8 IPID IP core ID must equal 0 for SpaceWire 7 5 TYPE packet type 1 for time code packets 4 0 RES reserved for future use must be set to 0 Payload 31 8 7 6 5 0x8 RES CT CN 31 8 RES reserved for future use must be set to 0 7 6 CT time control flags 5 0 CN value of time counter Figure 7 3 SpaceWire time code packet Link state packet format 31 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies length of packet including the header Header 31 16 15 8 7 5 4 2 0x4 RES IPID 0 TYPE 2 RES LS 31 16 RES reserved for future use must be set to 0 15 8 IPID IP core ID must equal 0 for SpaceWire 7 5 TYPE packet type 2 for link state packets 4 3 RES reserved for future use must be set to 0 2 0 LS Link State 0 Error reset Error wait Ready Connecting 1 2 3 Started 4 5 Run Figure 7 4 Space Wire link state packet AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 45 GAISLER 7 7 PClinitiator target and GPIO interface The UT699 AHB module models the GPIO and PCI core available in the UT699 ASIC For core details and register specification please see the UT699 manual The GPIO PCI emulation is implemented by a two stage model 1 The TSIM AHB module ut699 dil implements the GPIO and PCI core itself 2 A user supplied dynamic library models the devices on the PCI bus and the GPIO pins LOAD ahbm ut699 dil LOAD designinput pc d designinp
39. L DIV MAC instructions 23 4 4 10 DSU and hardware breakpoints 2 2 0 0 0 see see Se Se ee ee ee ee ee ee ek ek ee 23 4 4 11 AHB Status registers ein fonte oes See bee de ee veges 23 4 5 LEONA specific emulation 23 45l eo AE OE OE EO EE IE 23 4 2 PROCESS OM eege 23 4 5 3 Lil Cache memories iss SG SERE EE ee EDE GE DEE GE EE ES EE See DEE ENEE WE ces 23 4 54 L2 Cache MeEMOLY RA N EE N 23 4 5 5 Power down mode see EER EE EE EG EE dd ged Ge Geo DEE Ge Ee Ee ennuis bee 23 4 5 6 LEONA peripherals registers s siese dese sesse ss ee Es ee sede se ke ede Se ee sed ENEE EG gee ENEE ee ge 24 4 5 7 Interrupt Controler sis see in ede ee EE EE SES S 24 45 8 Memory emulatilon ss Ee BEN GEGEE GE EE HO Ee Ee EE GREG Ee Ge Es deed 24 45 9 OAR KO ER EO EE RR 24 4 5 10 SPARC V8 MUL DIV MAC instructions 24 45 11 GREPU emulation ss 22 eb EE See EE canes venant Eden ce nent einen tal EE et ee be de 24 4 5 12 DSU and hardware breakpoints eise sees see see Se Se ee ee ee ee ee ee ek ee ee 24 45 13 AHB status Teplsters 21280 aerie ee sees ee ER EE ee ees Gee EE ees ge ges gee ee de ex gus 24 Ja Loadable Modules EA EE I R De nee on EE GE Ee Ee 25 5 1 TSIM I O emulation interface issues 25 5 1 1 simif structure issues 25 9 1 2 10IT aie AE EE EE N 27 5 1 3 Structure to be provided by VO device eee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 27 5 1 4 Cygwin specific io init sise 28 5 2 LEON AHB emulation interface iii 29 5 2 1 proci
40. LEON timer unit nouart Disable emulation of UARTs All access to UART registers will be routed to the I O module novs Disable SPARC V8 MUL DIV instructions LEON only nrtimers val Adds support for more than 2 timers Value va1 can be in the range of 2 8 LEON3 4 only Default 2 See also the sametimerirg and timerirqbase number switches numbp num Sets the upper limit on number of possible breakpoints numwp num Sets the upper limit on number of possible watchpoints nwin win Defines the number of register windows in the processor The default is 8 Only applicable to LEON3 4 port portnum Use portnum for gdb communication port 1234 is default pr Enable profiling ram ram size Sets the amount of simulated RAM KiB Default is 4096 rest file name Restore saved state from file name tss See Section 3 8 rom rom size Sets the amount of simulated ROM KiB Default is 2048 rom8 roml6 By default the PROM area at reset time is considered to be 32 bit Specifying rom8 or rom1 6 will initialise the memory width field in the memory configuration register to 8 or 16 bits The only visible difference is in the instruction timing rtems ver Override autodetected RTEMS version for thread support ver should be 46 48 48 edisoft or 410 sametimerirg Force the irg number to be the same for all timers Default separate increasing irgs for each timer LEON3 4 only See a
41. NEKE AETERNE EEEE See GE EE 13 3 12 Thread TE 14 3 12 1 TSIM thread commands issie Ee sere ER EER ei Ee gee De EE di ee AE EE es ge ee Es EO eg 14 3 122 GDB thread COMMANS oe EES EE GE ESE RENE RE ED ER EE ee ee Ge SERE E ee ed 15 4 Emulation Characteristics siese De EER es ERGE Re env cas ERGE Ge DER AER Ge SR Se dees Ee ee be 17 4 1 COMMON behaviUF SEER EERS REDE EE Se conn vue tes eet ching saben daneredsmensadvedenebsharionaseee 17 A EE AE RR N OE EER N Dawe EE 17 41 2 WY N di EE RE AE EE EE N 17 4 1 3 Floating point unit EPU eege renier bine gede SE ge eke EEE Ee SE REED ee 17 4 1 4 Delayed write to special registers iese se see ee ER ee ER ee ER ee AR ee ER ee GR ee ek ee 17 4 1 5 Tdle laop Optimisation sieve ase de Eend Ee se ee EE bee Re be ee ee Eed Edge Ke EES 17 4 1 6 Custom instruction emulation iese se ee ee se ee ER ee ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 17 4 1 7 EE EE 18 42 ERC32 specific eMUIAHON issie REK ER RR Eg Ge SEER ARE nest E E Ge es Balke DE nt Se Re Ee ttes 18 4 2 l Processor EMULATION seras ege Oe be ee se Se Ke Nee E Ed Be Ge EO EE See eN 18 4 22 MEC Emulation serons RES EDE NR DEE SEDES DOER GE EE GEREG ER Des den ee ee DE n ee ee 18 4 2 3 Interrupt Controller i e REEN RES De nie ss ES Oe DEE De EES EE EEN 19 42A EE EE 19 4 25 Ee an E EE 20 4 2 6 Memory CMULANON uie BEE SERE EE EES Ee RE be BEE EE SE EE EE enr BE ERGE Ee nds 20 42 1 EDAC operation sesse EE ege Ge RE eed VERE Se ER RE Ge
42. _layout l char argv int argc void ut699_ inp restart int id struct ut699_inp_layout 1 struct sim_interface simif Vi At initialization the callback ut 699 inp setup will be called once supplied with a pointer to a structure of type struct ut699 inp layout struct ut699 inp layout struct grpci_input grpci struct gpio_input gpio The callback ut699_inp_restart will be called every time the simulator restarts and the PCI user module can access the global TSIM struct sim _ interface structure through the simi f member See Chapter 5 for more details The user supplied dynamic library should claim the ut699_inp_layout grpci member of the structure by using the INPUT CLAIM 1 grpci macro see the example below A struct grpci_input consists of callbacks that model the PCT bus see Section 7 7 4 A typical user supplied dynamic library would look like this include tsim h include inputprovider h int pci _acc struct grpci_input ctrl int cmd unsigned int addr unsigned int wsize unsigned int data unsigned int abort unsigned int ws BUS access implementation static void ut699 inp setup int id struct ut699_inp_layout l char argv int argc printf Entered PCI setup n if INPUT_ISCLAIMED 1 gt grpci printf module user for PCI already allocated n return for i 0 i amp lt argc i do argument processing 1 gt grpci acc pci_acc do module setup
43. acheable callback may not return different results for different words in the area int lprintf const char format Initialized by TSIM with a function for formatted loggable debug output The function interface works like for printf int vlprintf const char format va_list ap Initialized by TSIM with a function for formatted loggable debug output The function interface works like for vprintf 5 2 3 Big versus little endianess SPARC conforms to the big endian byte ordering This means that the most significant byte of a half word has lowest address To execute efficiently on little endian hosts such as Intel x86 PCs emulated memory is organised on word basis with the bytes within a word arranged according the endianess of the host Read cycles can then be performed without any conversion since SPARC always reads a full 32 bit word During byte and half word writes care must be taken to insert the written data properly into the emulated memory On a byte write to address 0 the written byte should be inserted at address 3 since this is the most significant byte according to little endian Similarly on a half word write to bytes 0 1 bytes 2 3 should be written For a complete example see the prom emulation function in io c 5 3 TSIM LEON co processor emulation 5 3 1 FPU CP interface The professional version of TSIM LEON can emulate a user defined floating point unit FPU and co pro cessor CP The FPU and CP are in
44. ack int level intack is called when the processor takes an interrupt trap tt 0x11 Ox1f The level of the taken interrupt is passed in level This callback can be used to implement interrupt controllers int ack should return 1 if the interrupt acknowledgement was handled by the AHB module otherwise 0 If 0 is returned the default LEON interrupt controller will receive the intack instead AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 32 GAISLER int plugandplay struct pp amba p Leon3 4 only The plugandplay function is called at startup optioplugandplay should return in p a static pointer to an array with elements of type struct pp amba and retum the number of entries in the array The callback plugandplay is used to add entries in the AHB and APB configuration space Each struct pp amba entry specifies an entry If is apb is set to 1 the entry will appear in the APB configuration space and only member bars 0 will be used If is_apb is 0 then the entry will appear in the AHB slave configuration space and bars 0 3 will be used If is apb is 2 then the entry will appear in the AHB master configuration space and bars 0 3 will be used The members of the struct resemble the fields in a configuration space entries The entry is mapped to the first free slot void intpend unsigned int pend Leon3 4 only The intpend function is called when the set of pending interrupts changes The pend argument is a bitmask with
45. an external packet server can be implemented using the protocol specified in the following sections Each core should then be connected to that server 7 6 5 SpaceWire packet server protocol The protocol used to communicate with the packet server is described below Three different types of packets are defined according to the table below Table 7 4 Packet types Type Value Data 0 Time code 1 Modify link state 2 Note that all packets are prepended by a one word length field which specified the length of the coming packet including the header Data packet format 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies length of packet including the header Header 31 16 15 8 7 5 4 1 0 0x4 RES IPID 0 TYPE 0 RES EEP 31 16 RES reserved for future use 15 8 IPID IP core ID must equal 0 for SpaceWire 7 5 TYPE packet type 0 for data packets 4 1 RES reserved for future use must be set to 0 0 EEP Error End of Packet Set when the packet is truncated and terminated by an EEP Payload Ox8 Space Wire packet Figure 7 2 SpaceWire data packet TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 44 EROFLEX GAISLER Time code packet format 31 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies length of packet including the header Header 31 16 15 8 5 0x4 RES IPID 0 TYPE 1 RES 31 16 R
46. and A return value gt 1 will send the value itself as the gdb response A return value lt 1 will truncate the lsb 8 bits and send them back as a gdb error response Enn void sigio Not used as of tsim 1 2 kept for compatibility reasons void save char fname The save function is called when save command is issued in the simulator The I O module should save any required state which is needed to completely restore the state at a later stage fname points to the base file name which is used by TSIM TSIM saves its internal state to fname tss It is suggested that the I O module save its state to fname ios Note that any events placed in the event queue by the VO module will be saved and restored by TSIM void restore char fname The restore function is called when restore command is issued in the simulator The I O module should restore any required state to resume operation from a saved check point fname points to the base file name which is used by TSIM TSIM restores its internal state from fname tss 5 1 4 Cygwin specific io_init Due to problems of resolving cross referenced symbols in the module loading when using Cygwin the io_init routine in the I O module must initialise a local copy of simif and ioif This is done by providing the following io init routine EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 29 GAISLER 5 2 static void io_init struct sim_interface sif struct io_inter
47. ation to TSIM so the symbol table should be loaded using the monitor command gdb monitor sym t4 exe read 158 symbols When an application that has been compiled using the gcc mflat option is debugged through gdb TSIM should be started with mflat in order to generate the correct stack frames to gdb 3 12 Thread support TSIM has thread support for the RTEMS operating system Additional OS support will be added to future versions The GDB interface of TSIM is also thread aware and the related GDB commands are described later 3 12 1 TSIM thread commands thread info lists all known threads The currently running thread is marked with an asterisk The wide example output below has been split into two parts tsim gt thread info Name Type Id Prio Time h m s Entry point Int internal 0x09010001 255 5 30 682722 bsp_idle thread url classic 0x0a010001 1001 0 041217 eysteminit atwk classic 0x0a010002 1001 0 251199 socomsleep CETHO classic 0x0a010003 1001 0 000161 soeonnsleep TAI classic 00010004 11 0 034739 preptimer TA classic 0x0a010005 11 0 025740 preptimer TAS classic 0x0a010006 11 0 021357 preptimer TTC classic 0x0a010007 1001 0 002914 rtems_ttepmain PC State 0x40044bec _Thread Dispatch Zeg 1 READY 0x40044bec _Thread_Dispatch OxdB suse 0x40044bec _Thread_Dispatch Oxd8 READY 0x40
48. ations in hardware grspw rxfreg freq Set the RX freguency which is used to calculate receive performance grspw_txfreq freq Set the TX frequency which is used to calculate transmission performance X in the above options has the range 1 4 7 6 2 Commands SpaceWire core TSIM commands grspwX_connect host port Connect GRSPW core X to packet server at specified server and TCP port grspwX_server port Open a packet server for core X on specified TCP port grspw_status Print status for all GRSPW cores X in the above commands has the range 1 4 7 6 3 Debug flags The following debug flags are available for the SpaceWire interfaces Use the them in conjunction with the ut699_dbgon command to enable different levels of debug information Table 7 3 SpaceWire debug flags Flag Trace GAISLER_GRSPW_ACC GRSPW accesses TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 43 EROFLEX GAISLER Flag Trace GAISLER_GRSPW_RXPACKET GRSPW received packets GAISLER_GRSPW_RXCTRL GRSPW rx protocol GAISLER_GRSPW_TXPACKET GRSPW transmitted packets GAISLER_GRSPW_TXCTRL GRSPW tx protocol 7 6 4 SpaceWire packet server Each SpaceWire core can be configured independently as a packet server or client using either grsp wXserver or grspwXconnect TCP sockets are used for establishing the connections When acting as a server the core can only accept a single connection For more flexibility such as custom routing
49. be a virtual address See also the snoop function in st ruct ahb_interface void cctrl uint32 data uint32 read Read and write the cache control register CCR The CCR is attached to the APB bus in the LEON2 VHDL model and this function can be called by the AHB module to read and write the register If read AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 30 GAISLER 1 the CCR value is returned in dat a else the value of datais written to the CCR The cctr1 function is only needed for LEON emulation since LEON3 4 accesses the cache controller through a separate ASI load store instruction void power_down The LEON processor enters power down mode when called void sert irg level int level int set Callback set ira level can be used to emulate level triggered interrupts Parameter set should be 1 to activate the interrupt level specified in parameter level or 0 to reset it The interrupt level will remain active after it is set until it is reset again Multiple calls can be made with different Level parameters in which case the highest level is used void set_irq uint32 irq uint32 level Set the interrupt pending bit for interrupt irq Valid values on irg is 1 15 Care should be taken not to set interrupts used by the LEON emulated peripherals Note that the LEON interrupt control register controls how and when processor interrupts are actually generated 5 2 2 Structure to be provided by AHB module
50. cally by the CAN interface when can_ocX_ack is issued 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies the length of the rest of the packet Acknowledge packet Byte Field Description 4 Packet type Type of packet OxFE for acknowledge packets 5 Ack payload 0 No acknowledge 1 Acknowledge Figure 7 7 Acknowledge packet format 7 8 5 4 Acknowledge packet format This packet is used for enabling disabling the transmission of acknowledge packets and their payload ACK or NAK by the CAN receiver The CAN transmitter will always wait for an acknowledge if started with can_ocX_ack or if the can_ocX_ack command has been issued 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies the length of the rest of the packet Acknowledge configuration packet Byte Field Description 4 Packet type Type of packet OXFF for acknowledge configuration pack ets 5 Ack configuration bit 0 Unused bit 1 Ack packet enable enabled 0 disabled bit 2 Set ack packet payload 1 ACK 0 NAK Figure 7 8 Acknowledge configuration packet format TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 51 AEROFLEX GAISLER 8 Cobham UT700 AHB module 8 1 Overview 8 2 The UT700 AHB module is very similar to the UT699 AHB module described in the previous chapter The differences between the UT700 and the UT699 models is the added SPI model that is only present in the UT700 AHB module and that it
51. cifies length of packet including the header Header 31 16 15 8 7 5 4 0 0x4 RES IPID 1 TYPE 0 RES 31 16 RES reserved for future use 15 8 IPID IP core ID must equal 1 for Ethernet 7 5 TYPE packet type 0 for data packets 4 0 RES reserved for future use Payload 0x8 Ethernet frame 9 6 Figure 9 5 Ethernet data packet SpaceWire interface with RMAP support The GR712 AHB module contains 6 GRSPW2 cores which models the GRSPW2 cores available in the GR712 For core details and register specification please see the GR712 manual The following features are supported e Transmission and reception of SpaceWire packets e Interrupts e Time codes e RMAP e Modifying the link state 9 6 1 Start up options SpaceWire core start up options grspwXconnect host port Connect GRPSW core X to packet server at specified server and port grspwXserver port Open a packet server for core X on specified port grspw normap Disable the RMAP handler RMAP packets will be stored to the DMA channel grspw map Enable the RMAP handler All RMAP packages will be simulated in hardware Includes support for RMAP CRC Default grspw rmaperc Enable support for RMAP CRC Performs RMAP CRC checks and calculations in hardware grspw rxfreg freq Set the RX freguency which is used to calculate receive performance TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 59 AEROFLEX grspw_txfreq freq Set the TX frequency which is used to calcula
52. cluded into the simulator using loadable modules To access the module use the structure cp_interface defined in io h The structure contains a number of functions and variables that must be provided by the emulated FPU CP structure of function to be provided by an external co processor struct cp_interface void cp_init called once on start up void cp_exit called once on exit void cp_reset calledon processor reset void cp_restart called on simulator restart uint32 cp_reg int reg uint32 data int read int cp_load int reg uint32 data int hold int cp_store int reg uint32 data int hold int cp_exec uint32 pc uint32 inst int hold int cp_cc int cc int hold get condition codes int cp_status unit status void cp_print print registers int command char cmd CP specific commands int set_fsr uint32 fsr initialized by tsim extern struct cp_interface cp imported co processor emulation functions 5 3 2 Structure elements void cp_init struct sim_interface sif struct io_interface iif Called once on simulator startup Set to NULL if not used void cp_exit Called once on simulator exit Set to NULL if not used void cp_reset Called every time the processor is reset Set to NULL if not used void cp_restart Called every time the simulator is restarted Set
53. d by tsim void dprint char p initialized by tsim prints out a debug string struct proc_interface proc initialized by tsim access to proc_interface int cacheable uint32 addr uint32 size Cacheability of area int lprintf const char format initialized by tsim int vlprintf const char format va_list ap initialized by tsim Vi extern struct ahb subsystem ahbsystem imported AHB emulation functions The elements of the structure have the following meanings void init struct proc interface procif Called once on simulator startup Set to NULL if unused EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 31 GAISLER void exit Called once on simulator exit Set to NULL if unused void reset Called every time the processor is reset i e also startup Set to NULL if unused void restart Called every time the simulator is restarted simtime set to zero Set to NULL if unused void int read struct ahb access ahbacc Processor AHB read The processor always reads one or more 32 bit words from the AHB bus The following fields of ahbacc is used The ahbacc addr field contains the read address of the first word to read The ahbacc data field points to a buffer that the module can fill in The module can also change the pointer to point to a different buffer The ahbacc ws field should be set by the module to the number of cycles for the complet
54. e access The ahbacc rnum field contains the number of words to be read The function should return 0 for a successful access for failed access and 1 for an area not handled by the module The ahbacc wsize field is not used during read cycles The ahbacc cache field is no longer in use use struct ahb_subsystem cacheable instead int write struct ahb_access ahbacc Processor AHB write The processor can write 1 2 4 or 8 bytes per access The following fields of ahbacc is used The ahbacc addr field contains the address of the write The ahbacc data field points to the data to write either one word for byte half word or word writes or two words for double word writes The ahbacc wsize field defines write size as follows 0 byte 1 half word 2 word 3 double word The function should return 0 for a successful access 1 for failed access and 1 for an area not handled by the module The ahbacc rnum field is not used during write cycles The ahbacc cache field is no longer in use use struct ahb subsystem cacheable instead char get_io_ptr unsigned int addr int size During file load operations and displaying of memory contents TSIM will access emulated memory through a memory pointer get_io_ptr is called with the target address and transfer size in bytes and should return a character pointer to the emulated memory array if the address and size is within the range of the emulated memory If outside the range 1 should
55. e non functional snooping of the ut 699 e Sets UT699e build id e Changes MMU status ctrl registers layout e Contains GRSPW 2 cores instead of GRSPW cores the TSIM command flag and packet interface is the same however 7 4 Debugging To enable printout of debug information the ut 699 dbgon flag switch can be used Alternatively one can issue the ut699 dbgon f1agcommand on the TSIM2 command line The debug flags that are available are described for each core in the following sections and can be listed by ut699_dbgon help 7 5 10 100 Mbps Ethernet Media Access Controller interface The Ethernet core simulation model is designed to functionally model the 10 100 Ethernet MAC available in the UT699 For core details and register specification please see the UT699 manual The following features are supported e Direct Memory Access e Interrupts 7 5 1 Start up options Ethernet core start up options grethconnect host port Connect Ethernet core to a packet server at the specified host and port Default port is 2224 7 5 2 Commands Ethernet core TSIM commands greth_connect host port Connect Ethernet core to a packet server at the specified host and port Default port is 2224 greth_status Print Ethernet register status 7 5 3 Debug flags The following debug flags are available for the Ethernet interface Use the them in conjunction with the ut699_dbgon command to enable different levels of debug information Table 7
56. e that each packet is prepended with a one word length field indicating the length of the packet to come including its header 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies length of packet including the header Header 31 16 15 8 7 5 4 0 Oxd RES IPID 1 TYPE 0 RES 31 16 RES reserved for future use 15 8 IPID IP core ID must equal for Ethernet 7 5 TYPE packet type 0 for data packets 4 0 RES reserved for future use Payload 0x8 Ethernet frame Figure 7 1 Ethernet data packet SpaceWire interface with RMAP support The UT699 AHB module contains 4 GRSPW cores which models the GRSPW cores available in the UT699 For core details and register specification please see the UT699 manual The following features are supported TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 42 AEROFLEX e Transmission and reception of SpaceWire packets e Interrupts e RMAP e Modifying the link state 7 6 1 Start up options SpaceWire core start up options grspwXconnect host port Connect GRPSW core X to packet server at specified server and port grspwXserver port Open a packet server for core X on specified port grspw normap Disable the RMAP handler RMAP packets will be stored to the DMA channel grspw map Enable the RMAP handler All RMAP packages will be simulated in hardware Includes support for RMAP CRC Default grspw rmaperc Enable support for RMAP CRC Performs RMAP CRC checks and calcul
57. e that should be set to the number of waitstates that the access took and the size of the access O byte 1 half word 2 word 3 double word UART handling By default the library is using the same UART handling as the standalone simulator This means that the UARTs can be connected to the console or any Unix device pseudo ttys pipes fifos If the UARTs are to be handled by the user s I O emulation routines gt t sim_init should be called with nouart which will disable all internal UART emulation Any access to the UART register by an application will then be routed to the I O module read write functions Linking a TLIB application Three sample application are provided one that uses the simplified I O interface app1 c and two that uses the standard loadable module interface app2 and app3 They are built by doing a make all in the tlib directory The win32 version of TSIM provides the library as a DLL for all other platform a static library is provided a Support for dynamic libraries on Linux or Solaris is not available Limitations On Windows Cygwin hosts TSIM is not capable of reading UART A B from the console only writing is possible If reading of UART A B is necessary the simulator should be started with nouart and emulation of the UARTs should be handled by the I O module TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual AEROFLEX 39 GAISLER 7 Cobham UT699 UT699e AHB module 7 1 Overview 7 2 Thi
58. e until the next event in the event queue thereby significantly increasing the simulation speed AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 24 GAISLER 4 5 6 LEONA peripherals registers The LEONA peripherals registers can be displayed with the leon command or using mem mem 0x80000000 256 The registers can also be written using wmem e g wmem 0x80000000 0x 1234 4 5 7 Interrupt controller The IRQMP interrupt controller is fully emulated as described in the GRLIB IP Manual The IRQMP reg isters are mapped at address 0x80000200 All 15 interrupts can also be generated from the user defined I O module using the set irg callback 4 5 8 Memory emulation The LEON2 memory controller is emulated in the LEON4 version of TSIM The memory configuration registers 1 2 are used to decode the simulated memory The memory configuration registers has to be pro grammed by software to reflect the available memory and the number and size of the memory banks The waitstates fields must also be programmed with the correct configuration after reset Both SRAM and func tionally modelled SDRAM with SRAM timing can be emulated Using the banks option it is possible to set over how many RAM banks the external SRAM is divided in Note that software compiled with BCC RCC and not run through mkprom must not use this option For mkprom encapsulated programs it is essential that the same RAM size and bank number setting is used for bot
59. e use of loadable modules As the real processor the simulator primarily interacts with the emulated device through read and write requests while the emulated device can optionally generate interrupts and DMA requests This is implemented through the module interface described below The interface is made up of two parts one that is exported by TSIM and defines TSIM functions and data structures that can be used by the I O device and one that is exported by the I O device and allows TSIM to access the I O device Address decoding of the I O devices is straight forward All access that do not map on the internally emulated memory and control registers are forwarded to the I O module TSIM exports two structures simif and ioif The simif structure defines functions and data structures be longing to the simulator core while ioif defines functions provided by system ERC32 LEON emulation At startup TSIM searches for io so in the current directory but the location of the module can be specified using the iom switch Note that the module must be compiled to be position independent i e with the fPIC switch gcc The win32 version of TSIM loads io dll instead of io so See the iomod directory in the TSIM distribution for an example io c and how to build the so and dl modules The enviromental variable TSIM_MODULE_PATH can be set to a separated in WIN32 list of search paths 5 1 1 simif structure The simif structure is
60. ed by doubleclicking the Ports COM and LPT entry in controlpanel gt system gt hard ware gt devicemanager Use the Port Setting tab in the dialogue that pops up ut699 Set parameters to emulate the UT699 device Must be used when using the UT699 AHB module ut699e Set parameters to emulate the UT699E device Must be used when using the UT699E AHB module ut700 Set parameters to emulate the UT 700 device Must be used when using the UT 700 AHB module wdfreg freq Specify the frequency of the watchdog clock ERC32 only input_files Executable files to be loaded into memory The input file is loaded into the emulated memory according to the entry point for each segment Recognized formats are elf32 aout and srecords Command line options can also be specified in the file tsimcfg in the home directory This file will be read at startup and the contents will be appended to the command line Standalone mode commands If the file tsimrc exists in the home directory it will be used as a batch file and the commands in it will be executed at startup Below is a description of commands that are recognized by the simulator when used in standalone mode batch file Execute a batch file of TSIM commands bp break address Adds an breakpoint at address bp break Prints all breakpoints and watchpoints bp del num Deletes breakpoint watchpoint num If num is omitted all breakpoints and watchpoints are del
61. ee ee ee kk rene 40 Ts Sart UD OPTIONS io EER Se ee A oe ee Ge ee ee N GR ED ER eg 40 LOVE ARE EE DE EE IG 40 EDS EE N RE OE OE NE 40 AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual V GAISLER 7 54 out me ed GAAR AE ER EE EE EE ei due 41 7 5 5 Ethernet packet server protocol sesse se ee ee ee seca ceca ee cena ee ke resres ke ge ee 41 7 6 SpaceWire interface with RMAP support iese sesse ee se ee ee ek gee Ge ee ee AR Ge ee ee ee ee ke ee 41 TOI Start Up OPTIONS EA EO OR AE EE N EE 42 EMS VIE ER EE menteurs nee desert dessu pend e 42 1 63 Debug flags iis RR EES ES ie EERS EE GR renal ere dater ER N r Se REE ee ee qu 42 TOA Space Wire packet Server sers ies SEN EES rodes k Ge GEE GE DE GEN teens etes ten 43 7 6 5 Space Wire packet server protocol ss 43 7 1 PCI initiator target and GPIO interface ss 45 Estelle Commands se EE De EE 45 EIDEN eege 45 7 1 3 User supplied dynamic library 45 TTA PCI bus model API ienei tnc eg ge GE OGE De dorer SE Dee ee dE Eege de 47 TI GPIO model APT ER nait ee tante ete ER OE OE N 47 ie interface AA SE geed EE 48 7 81 eStart Up OPTIONS soreer ES dee ennemie ee obs 48 7 02 COMMANDS MR EE RU EE EE 48 18 3 Debus flags RE ER ER ER EE EE 49 NS EE ME N EE EO AE N 49 7 8 5 CAN packet server protocol sis 49 8 Cobham VI 700 AHB modul re disse SES ee EG EG EDE De ee EE ge ee EEN geed GEES Ee SR See SEE be dures 51 GL Che et SR E ee 51 8 2 Loading Ee UE 51 8 3 SPL bus model APL
62. em gt simif gt event Change unsigned long amp 1 gt gpio 0 10000000 static struct gr712_subsystem gr712_gpio Vi gr712 inp setup 0 0 struct gr712 subsystem gr712inputsystem amp gr712 gpio A typical Makefile that would create a user supplied dynamic library gpio dlllso would look like this M_DLL_FIX if strip shell uname grep MINGW32 d11 s0 M_LIB if strip shell uname grep MINGW32 lws2 32 luser32 lkernel32 lwinmm all gpio M DLL FIX pci M DLL FIX gpio o CC shared g gpio o o gpio M DLL FIX SIN LIB gpio o gpio c CC fPIC c g 00 gpio c o gpio o clean r f 40 86 The user can then specify the user module to be loaded by the gr712 so AHB module using the design input and designinputend command line options designinput gr712 examples input gpio so designinputend These switches are interpreted by gr712 so 9 7 1 SPI bus model API The structure struct spi_input models the SPI bus It is defined as Spi input provider struct spi_input struct input_inp _b int spishift struct spi_input ctrl uint32 select uint32 bitcnt uint32 out uint32 in The spishift callback should be set by the SPI user module at startup It is called by the GR712 module whenever it shifts a word through the SPI bus Table 9 7 spishift callback parameters Parameter Description select Slave select bits in case of GR712 these s
63. ement algorithm for the LEON instruction cache Allowed values are rnd default for LEON for random replacement 1ru default for LEON3 4 for the least recently used replacement algorithm and 1rr for the least recently replaced replacement algorithm isets sets Defines the number of sets in the LEON instruction cache Allowed values are 1 default 4 iwde Set the IWDE input to 1 Default is 0 TSC695E only l2wsize size Enable emulation of L2 cache LEONA only with size KiB The size must be binary aligned e g 16 32 64 logfile filename Logs the console output to filename If filename is preceded by output is append mfailok Do not fail on startup even if explicitely requested io ahb modules fails to load mflat This switch should be used when the application software has been compiled with the gcc mflat option and debugging with gdb is done mmu Adds MMU support LEON only nD Do not break on error exceptions when debugging through GDB nfp Disables the FPU to emulate system without FP hardware Any FP instruction will generate an FP disabled trap nomac Disable LEON MAC instruction LEON only noeditline Disable use of editline for history and tab completion EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 6 GAISLER nosram Disable SRAM on startup SDRAM will appear at 0x40000000 LEON only nothreads Disable threads support notimers Disable the
64. ented Interrupt pending register 0x01f80048 implemented Interrupt mask register 0x01f8004c implemented Interrupt clear register 0x01f80050 implemented Interrupt force register 0x01f80054 implemented Watchdog acknowledge register 0x01f80060 implemented Watchdog trap door register 0x01f80064 implemented RTC counter register 0x01f80080 implemented RTC counter program register 0x01f80080 implemented RTC scaler register 0x01f80084 implemented RTC scaler program register 0x01f80084 implemented GPT counter register 0x01f80088 implemented GPT counter program register 0x01f80088 implemented GPT scaler register 0x01f8008c implemented GPT scaler program register 0x01f8008c implemented Timer control register 0x01f80098 implemented System fault status register 0x01f800A0 implemented First failing address register 0x01f800A4 implemented GPI configuration register 0x01f800A8 T O module callback GPI data register 0x01f800AC T O module callback Error and reset status register 0x01f800B0 implemented Test control register 0x01f800D0 implemented UART A RX TX register 0x01f800E0 implemented UART B RX TX register 0x01f800E4 implemented UART status register 0x01f800E8 implemented The MEC registers can be displayed with the mec command or using mem mem 0x1f80000 256 The registers can also be written using wmem e g wmem 0x1f80000 0x1234 When written care has to be taken not to write an unimplemented register bit with 1 or a MEC parity error
65. eon command or using mem mem 0x80000000 256 The registers can also be written using wmem e g wmem 0x80000000 0x 1234 4 4 6 Interrupt controller The IRQMP interrupt controller is fully emulated as described in the GRLIB IP Manual The IRQMP reg isters are mapped at address 0x80000200 All 15 interrupts can also be generated from the user defined I O module using the set_irq callback 4 4 7 Memory emulation The LEON2 memory controller is emulated in the LEON3 version of TSIM The memory configuration registers 1 2 are used to decode the simulated memory The memory configuration registers has to be pro grammed by software to reflect the available memory and the number and size of the memory banks The waitstates fields must also be programmed with the correct configuration after reset Both SRAM and func tionally modelled SDRAM with SRAM timing can be emulated Using the banks option it is possible to set over how many RAM banks the external SRAM is divided in Note that software compiled with BCC RCC and not run through mkprom must not use this option For mkprom encapsulated programs it is essential that the same RAM size and bank number setting is used for both mkprom and TSIM The memory EDAC of LEON3 FT is not implemented AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 23 GAISLER Options regarding memory characteristics are not available in the evaluation version of TSIM LEON3 4 4 8 CASA instruction
66. eted EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 8 GAISLER bt Print backtrace cont count time Continue execution at present position See the go address count time command for how to specify count or time coverage lt enable disable save file _namel l clear print address len gt Code coverage control Coverage can be enabled disabled cleared saved to a file or printed to the console dump file address length Dumps memory content to file file in whole aligned words The address argument can be a sym bol dis addr count Disassemble count instructions at address addr Default values for count is 16 and addr is the program counter address echo string Print st ring to the simulator window edac clear cerr merr address Insert EDAC errors or clear EDAC checksums ERC32 only event Print events in the event queue Only user inserted events are printed flush all icache dcache addr Flush the LEON caches Specifying all will flush both the icache and dcache Specifying icache or dcache will flush the respective cache Specifying addr will flush the corresponding line in both caches float Prints the FPU registers gdb Listen for gdb connection go address count time The go command will set pc to address and npc to address 4 and resume execution No other initialisation will be done If address is not given the default load address will be assumed If a count is specified
67. exts events can be added int revent_prearg unsigned short index uint64 offset This inserts an event registered by reg_revent_prearg into the event queue with the registered cfuncand arg for the given index Multiple events with the same index can be in the event queue at the same time The of fset argument is the same as for the event function AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 27 GAISLER NOTE See the description of event for limitations on number of events and from which contexts events can be added void stop_revent unsigned short index This removes all events from the event queue that has been entered by revent or revent_prearg using the given index NOTE The stop_revent function may not be called from a signal handler installed by the I O module 5 1 2 ioif structure ioif is defined in sim h structio_interface void set_irq int irq int level int dma_read uint32 addr uint32 data int num int dma_write uint32 addr uint32 data int num int dma_write_sub uint32 addr uint32 data int sz extern struct io_interface ioif exported processor interface The elements of the structure have the following meaning void set_irq int irq int level ERC32 use drive the external MEC interrupt signal Valid interrupts are 0 5 corresponding to MEC external interrupt 0 4 and EWDINT and valid levels are 0 or 1 Note that the MEC interrupt shape
68. f na en AA EE N OR EE eee 29 5 2 2 Structure to be provided by AHB module iese ee se ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 30 2 2 3 Bip versus little endianess 5555 ions cles Haas DS WERE ee ES OR ce Bee Ge SERS Gede 33 5 3 TSIM LEON co processor emulation ees ee ss ee see see see ee cece cena cena ee ee ee ee ee ee 33 5 3 1 FPU EP interface ies EEN ee Se GE EN GR Ge ee DE Re gee se Ge Ee ek GR ed gs ee Ge ge si 33 3 32 Sucre CLEMENS iss EE E SE BE OER GE De EE gee DE De ee Ao GESE Ee 33 9 3 3 Attaching the FPU and CP iso Ho sege ke See Ee GEES DEE Gee EN ce geo ge dese 34 2 34 Big versus hittl ENdiAness 3srssnssnensnsssenssmosntasssseduieeisarnmensiensteutes see 34 5 3 5 Additional TSIM commands 35 3 3 0 Example dai RE EE EE EE 35 6 TSIM Ml de IE ER AR EE AT RR RA ER 36 e E ode re el EE EA EE MI ER EE N 36 6 2 Function interface vic ics EE Ee ee EE ER ee Re Ee se GES ER Ge ei veg Ge GE RE Ee Ge GEE Re Es ee dire et 36 0 3 AHB modules sensasie Se Oe Se ee ee corse Ee dee EG oe ed 37 SE ii ARE EE EE OR EE OE datent Ee gd 37 6 3 UART EG TA EE OR ES OE EE Eeer 38 6 6 Linking a TLIB application sus 38 OE ir le MA ME E EE AE N eu it 38 7 Cobham UT699 UT699e AHB module sise 39 RS AE EE AE AA NE EE EE MAR EE 39 7 2 Loading the module sesse EE ES Ee ee EG oe EE GER ege fs fiber 39 ET ENK EE N RE EE E 40 ED ui AE LE EE OO OER LI N 40 7 5 10 100 Mbps Ethernet Media Access Controller interface iis sees seek s
69. face iif ifdef __CYGWIN32__ Do not remove needed when compiling on Cygwin simif sif ioif iif endif additional init code goes here The same method is also used in the AHB and FPU CP modules LEON AHB emulation interface In addition to the above described I O modules TSIM also allows emulation of the LEON2 3 4 processor core with a completely user defined memory and I O architecture This is in other words not applicable to ERC32 By loading an AHB module ahb so the internal memory emulation is disabled The emulated processor core communicates with the AHB module using an interface similar to the AHB master interface in the real LEON VHDL model The AHB module can then emulate the complete AHB bus and all attached units The AHB module interface is made up of two parts one that is exported by TSIM and defines TSIM functions and data structures that can be used by the AHB module and one that is exported by the AHB module and allows TSIM to access the emulated AHB devices At start up TSIM searches for ahb so in the current directory but the location of the module can be spec ified using the ahbm switch Note that the module must be compiled to be position independent i e with the fPIC switch gcc The win32 version of TSIM loads ahb dil instead of ahb so See the iomod direc tory in the TSIM distribution for an example ahb c and how to build the so dI1 modules The enviromental variable
70. fprintf 8 0 02 _vfprintf_r 8 0 02 tsim gt 3 7 Code coverage To aid software verification the professional version of TSIM includes support for code coverage When en abled code coverage keeps a record for each 32 bit word in the emulated memory and monitors whether the location has been read written or executed The coverage function is controlled by the coverage command coverage enable enable coverage coverage disable disable coverage coverage save filename write coverage data to file file name optional coverage print address len print coverage data to console starting at address coverage clear reset coverage data The coverage data for each 32 bit word of memory consists of a 5 bit field with bit lsb indicating that the word has been executed bit indicating that the word has been written and bit2 that the word has been read Bit3 and bit4 indicates the presence of a branch instruction if bit3 is set then the branch was taken while bit4 is set if the branch was not taken EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 12 GAISLER As an example a coverage data of 0x6 would indicate that the word has been read and written while 0x1 would indicate that the word has been executed When the coverage data is printed to the console or save to a file it is presented for one block of 32 words 128 bytes per line tsim gt cov print start 02000000 11110000000000000000111111110000 02000080 00000000000000000000000000000000
71. gisters regs is a pointer to an array of integers see tsim h for how the various registers are indexed void tsim disas unsigned int addr int num Disassemble memory addr indicates which address to disassemble num indicates how many instruc tions void tsim_set_diag void cfunc char Set console output function By default TSIM writes all diagnostics and console messages on stdout tsim set diag can be used to direct all output to a user defined routine The user function is called with a single string parameter containing the message to be written void tsim_set_callback void cfunc void Set the debug callback function Calling tsim set callback witha function pointer will cause TSIM to call the callback function just before each executed instruction when the history is enabled At this point the instruction to be executed can be seen as the last entry in the history History can be enabled with the tsim cmd function AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 37 GAISLER 6 3 6 4 void tsim_gdb unsigned char inchar void outchar unsigned char C Controls the simulator using the gdb extended remote protocol The inchar parameter is a pointer to a function that when called returns next character from the gdb link The out char parameter is a pointer to a function that sends one character to the gdb link void tsim_read unsigned int addr unsigned int data Performs a read from add
72. h mkprom and TSIM The memory EDAC of LEON4 FT is not implemented 4 5 9 CASA instruction The SPARCV9 casa command is implemented if the cas switch is given The casa instruction is used in VXWORKS SMP multiprocessing to synchronize using a lock free protocol 4 5 10 SPARC V8 MUL DIV MAC instructions TSIM LEON4 optionally supports the SPARC V8 multiply divide and MAC instruction To correctly em ulate LEON systems which do not implement these instructions use the nomac to disable the MAC in struction and or nov8 to disable multiply and divide instructions 4 5 11 GRFPU emulation By default TSIM LEON4 emulates the GRFPU Lite FPU If the simulator is started with gr fpu the fully pipelined GRFPU is emulated Due to the complexity of the GRFPU the instruction timing is approximated and might show some discrepancies compared to the real hardware 4 5 12 DSU and hardware breakpoints The LEON debug support unit DSU and the hardware watchpoints asr24 asr31 are not emulated 4 5 13 AHB status registers When using ahbstatus AHB status registers are enabled As TSIM LEON4 does not emulate FT the CE bit will never be set Furthermore the HMASTER field is set to 0 when the CPU caused the error and 1 when any other master caused the error TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 25 AEROFLEX 5 Loadable modules 5 1 TSIM VO emulation interface User defined I O devices can be loaded into the simulator through th
73. has GRSPW 2 cores instead of GRSPW cores and that the debug flag toggling command is ut700 dbgon For information on the CAN Spacewire PCI and GPIO interfaces of the UT700 module see the UT699 documentation in Chapter 7 The TSIM command flag and packet interface is the same for both GRSPW and GRSPW 2 The following files are delivered with the UT700 TSIM module Table 8 1 Files delivered with the UT700 TSIM module File Description ut700 linux ut700 so UT700 AHB module for Linux ut700 win32 ut700 dil UT700 AHB module for Windows ut700 examples input The input directory contains two examples of PCI user modules ut700 examples input README txt Description of the user module examples ut700 examples input Makefile Makefile for building the user modules ut700 examples input pci c PCI user module example that makes UT700 PCI initiator accesses ut700 examples input pci_target c PCI user module example that makes UT700 PCI target accesses ut700 examples input ut700inputprovider h Interface between the UT700 module and the user defined PCI module ut700 examples input pci_input h UT700 PCI input provider definitions ut700 examples input input h Generic input provider definitions ut700 examples input tsim h TSIM interface definitions ut700 examples input end h Defines the endian of the local machine ut700 examples test The test directory contains tests t
74. hat can be exe cuted in TSIM ut700 examples tesV README Ger Description of the tests ut700 examples test Makefile Makefile for building the tests ut700 examples test cansend c CAN transmission test ut700 examples test canrec c CAN reception test ut700 examples test pci c PCI interface test ut700 examples test pcitest h Header file for PCI test Loading the module The module is loaded using the TSIM2 option ahbm All core specific options described in the following sections need to be surrounded by the options designinput and designinputend e g On Linux tsim leon3 ut700 ahbm ut700 linux ut700 so designinput ut700 examples input pci so designinputend TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 52 EROFLEX GAISLER 8 3 On Windows tsim leon3 ut700 ahbm ut700 win32 ut700 d11 designinput ut700 examples input pci dll designinputend The option ut 700 needs to be given to TSIM to enable the UT700 processor configuration SPI bus model API The UT700 user supplied so dil differs from that of the UT699 in the addition of the SPI bus model API The structure struct spi input models the SPI bus It is defined as Spi input provider struct spi_input struct input_inp _b int spishift struct spi input ctrl uint32 select uint32 bitcnt uint32 out uint32 in The spishift callback should be set by the SPI user module at startup It is called by
75. hould be ignored and GPIO used instead bitcnt Number of bits set in the MODE register if bitcnt is 1 then the operation is not a shift and the call is to indicate a select change i e if the core is disabled out Shift out tx data AEROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 63 GAISLER Parameter Description in Shift in rx data The return value of spishift is ignored 9 7 2 GPIO model API The structure struct gpio_input models the GPIO pins It is defined as GPIO input provider struct gpio input struct input inp _b int gpioout struct gpio input ctrl unsigned int out int gpioin struct gpio input ctrl unsigned int in The gpioout callback should be set by the user module at startup The gpioin callback is set by the GR712 AHB module The gpioout callback is called by the GR712 module whenever a GPIO output pin changes The gpioin callback is called by the user module when the input pins should change Typically the user module would register an event handler at a certain time offset and call gpioin from within the event handler Table 9 8 gpioout callback parameters Parameter Description out The values of the output pins Table 9 9 gpioin callback parameters Parameter Description in The input pin values The return value of gpioin gpioout is ignored 9 8 UART interfaces The GR712 module adds five extra UARTS in addition to the
76. icv sees EE EO es ee a E E A E aE 52 9 Cobham Gaisler GR712 AHB module siens 53 Ne AE EA OE EE HD 53 Bed Loading the Module EE EE OE MR AR EE 53 Be ui ES LEO OE ER secant 53 Ee Me 53 0 4 1 Start Up OPUONS AE AE AR OE RE HE 53 942 Commands ARE N ET RE AE EE ER taie ses 54 943 Debus Tags sniper distante nn tete a n ant end EE See 54 VE Packet Ui ME EE EE OO ER ER EE 54 9 4 5 CAN packet server protocol ses 54 9 5 10 100 Mbps Ethernet Media Access Controller interface iis see seek see ee ee kk Ge ee 56 95 1 Start UP OPHONS nissan ee EG RE EE Ee es ete anis EG Ee EE ig 56 ASE MAR EE 56 NP LE RE AE RE OE RE ER dt 57 0 5 4 Ethemet N SEA NE N EE OR 57 9 5 5 Ethernet packet server protocol sesse se ee ee ee ee Se Ge cena ee ee ke ee ee ee 57 9 6 Space Wire interface with RMAP support us 58 9 6 Start Up Options AA AR RE EE N 58 9 6 2 COMMANAS AA EE AE AE RE EE 59 9 6 3 Deb g flags ores N MEE RE OE RE 59 96 4 Space Wire packet Server osse sers BEE ERGE ESE BG RE EE Ge ek ge Ge EE Ge ge ge Ge ged Ge 59 9 6 5 Space Wire packet server protocol ss 59 9 7 SPI and GPIO user modules sissies ESE VG GESE GE Dee Dee GE De Reg EG Ee Bee EES Gee EE GR Ee 61 9 7 1 SPL D s model AE EE OO AO EE EK 62 9772 GPIO OS AA RE EE Ee used nine 63 9 8 UART Re EE 63 0 81 Start UP eo ei EA OE EE EE 63 9 8 2 Commands EE EE ee cise Ge ne DE ee ie EG EE Ee oe oe een rentes 63 10 Atmel AT697 PCI emulaHOn sissies oes gee ERG ses Be Ee GEGE
77. ility such as custom routing an external packet server can be implemented using the protocol specified in the following sections Each core should then be connected to that server 9 6 5 SpaceWire packet server protocol The protocol used to communicate with the packet server is described below Three different types of packets are defined according to the table below Table 9 6 Packet types Type Value Data 0 Time code 1 EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 60 GAISLER Type Value Modify link state 2 Note that all packets are prepended by a one word length field which specified the length of the coming packet including the header Data packet format 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies length of packet including the header Header 31 16 15 8 7 5 4 1 0 0x4 RES IPID 0 TYPE 0 RES EEP 31 16 RES reserved for future use 15 8 IPID IP core ID must equal 0 for SpaceWire rS TYPE packet type 0 for data packets 4 1 RES reserved for future use must be set to 0 0 EEP Error End of Packet Set when the packet is truncated and terminated by an EEP Payload Ox8 Space Wire packet Figure 9 6 Space Wire data packet Time code packet format 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies length of packet including the header Header 31 16 15 8 7 5 4 0 0x4 RES IPID 0 TYPE 1 RES 31 16 RES
78. ints remain See the go address count time command on how to specify the time or count save file Save simulator state to file EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 10 GAISLER 3 4 3 5 step Execute and disassemble one instruction See also trace num sym file Load symbol table from file If file is omitted prints current text symbols trace num Executes and disassembles unbounded or up to num instruction s until finished hitting a break point watchpoint or some other reason to stop version Prints the TSIM version and build date walk address iswritelisidlissu If the MMU is enabled printout a table walk for the given address The flags iswrite isid and issu are specifying the context iswrite for a write access default read isid for a icache access default dcache issu for a supervisor access default user watch address Adds a watchpoint at address wmem wmemh wmemb address value Write a word half word or byte directly to simulated memory xwmem asi address value Write a word to simulated memory using ASI asi Applicable to LEON3 4 Typing a Ctrl C will interrupt a running simulator Short forms of the commands are allowed e g c co or con are all interpreted as cont Symbolic debug information TSIM will automatically extract text symbol information from elf files The symbols can be used where an address is expected tsim gt break main breakpoint 3 at 0x020012f
79. ister is used to generate waitstates This register must also be updated with the correct configuration after reset 4 2 7 EDAC operation The EDAC operation of ERC32 is implemented on the simulated RAM area 0x2000000 Ox2FFFFFF The ERC32 Test Control Register can be used to enable the EDAC test mode and insert EDAC errors to test the operation of the EDAC The edac command can be used to monitor the number of errors in the memory to insert new errors or clear all errors To see the current memory status use the edac command without parameters tsim gt edac RAM error count 2 0x20000000 MERR 0x20000040 CERR TSIM keeps track of the number of errors currently present and reports the total error count the address of each error and its type The errors can either be correctable CERR or non correctable MERR To insert an error using the edac command do edac cerr addr or edac merr addr tsim gt edac cerr 0x2000000 correctable error at 0x02000000 tsim gt edac RAM error count 1 0x20000000 CERR To remove all injected errors do edac clear When accessing a location with an EDAC error the behaviour of TSIM is identical to the real hardware A correctable error will trigger interrupt 1 while un correctable errors will cause a memory exception The operation of the FSFR and FAR registers are fully implemented NOTE The EDAC operation affect simulator performance when there are inserted errors in the memory To
80. ket Byte Field Description 4 Packet type Type of packet OxFD for error counter packets 5 Register 0 RX error counter 1 TX error counter 6 Value Value to write to error counter Figure 9 2 Error counter packet format 9 4 5 3 Acknowledge packet format If the acknowledge function has been enabled through the start up option or command the CAN interface will wait for an acknowledge packet each time it transmits a message To enable the CAN receiver to send acknowledge packets either NAK or ACK an acknowledge configuration packet must be sent This is done automatically by the CAN interface when can_ocX_ack is issued AEROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 56 GAISLER 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies the length of the rest of the packet Acknowledge packet Byte Field Description 4 Packet type Type of packet OxFE for acknowledge packets 5 Ack payload 0 No acknowledge 1 Acknowledge Figure 9 3 Acknowledge packet format 9 4 5 4 Acknowledge packet format This packet is used for enabling disabling the transmission of acknowledge packets and their payload ACK or NAK by the CAN receiver The CAN transmitter will always wait for an acknowledge if started with can_ocX_ack or if the can_ocX_ack command has been issued 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies the length of the rest of the packet Acknowledge configuration packet
81. le cache configuration using the icsize ilsize desiz and d1size options Allowed sizes are 1 64 KiB with 16 32 bytes line The characteristics of the LEON multi set caches can be emulated using the isets dsets irepl drelp ilock and dlock options Diagnostic cache reads writes are implemented The simulator commands icache and dcache can be used to display cache contents Starting TSIM with at 697e will configure that caches according to the Atmel AT697E device 4 3 3 LEON peripherals registers The LEON peripherals registers can be displayed with the leon command or using mem mem 0x80000000 256 The registers can also be written using wmem e g wmem 0x80000000 0x1234 4 3 4 Interrupt controller External interrupts are not implemented so the I O port interrupt register has no function Internal interrupts are generated as defined in the LEON specification All 15 interrupts can also be generated from the user defined I O module using the set_irq callback 4 3 5 Power down mode The power down register 0x80000018 is implemented as in the specification A Ctrl C in the simulator window will exit the power down mode In power down mode the simulator skips time until the next event in the event queue thereby significantly increasing the simulation speed 4 3 6 Memory emulation The memory configuration registers 1 2 are used to decode the simulated memory The memory configura tion registers has t
82. led and functioning i e not ut699 it flushes i e invalidates data cache lines corresponding to physical address addr on LEON3 4 even when MMU is enabled If the AHB module is doing DMA writes directly to memory pointers it is the responsibility of the AHB module to call this for all changed words for snooping to work correctly struct io_interface io Initialized with the I O interface structure pointer void dprint char Initialized by tsim with a callback pointer to the debug output function Output ends up in log when logging is enabled and gets forwarded to gdb when running TSIM via gdb See 1printf and vl printf for the formatted couterparts struct proc_interface proc Initialized with the procif structure pointer int cacheable uint32 addr uint32 size The cacheable callback is initialized by the module to NULL or a function returning cacheabil ity for a memory area The function should return 1 if the range addr addr size is cacheable 0 if it is uncacheable or 1 if the memory area it is not handled by the module If all modules re turn 1 and or lack the cacheable callback the area will be considered cacheable for memory ar eas 0x00000000 0x20000000 and 0x40000000 0x80000000 and non cacheable for all other areas NOTE For any correspondingly aligned area as large as the largest data cache or instruction cache AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 33 GAISLER line size in the system the c
83. lso the nrtimers val and timerirqbase number switches sdram sdram size Sets the amount of simulated SDRAM MiB Default is 0 LEON only sdbanks lt 1 2 gt Sets the SDRAM banks This parameter is used to calculate the used SDRAM in conjunction with the mcfe2 sdramsize field The actually used SDRAM at runtime is sdbanks mcfg 2 sdramsize Default 1 LEON only AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 7 GAISLER 3 3 sym file Read symbols from file Useful for self extracting applications timer32 Use 32 bit timers instead of 24 bit LEON2 only timerirqbase number Set the irq number of the first timer to interrupt number number LEON3 4 only Default 8 See also the nrtimers val and sametimerirq switches tsc691 Emulate the TSC691 device rather than TSC695 tsc695e Obsolete TSIM ERC32 now always emulates the TSC695 device rather that the early ERC32 chip set uartX device Here X can be 1 or 2 By default UART 1 is connected to stdin stdout and UART2 is disconnected This switch can be used to connect the uarts to other devices E g uart1 dev ptypc will attach UART1 to ptypc On Linux uart dev ptmx can be used in which case the pseudo terminal slave s name to use will be printed If you use minicom to connect to the uart then use minicom s p lt pseudo termi nal gt option On windows use com1 com2 etc to access the serial ports The serial port settings can be adjust
84. nd update the processor state The definition for the custom instruction handler is int myhandler struct ins interface r The pointer r is a structure containing the current instruction opcode and processor state struct ins interface uint32 psr Processor status registers uint32 tbr Trap base register uint32 wim Window maks register uint32 g 8 Global registers uint32 r 128 Windowed register file uint32 yi Y register uint32 pc Program counter uint32 npc Next program counter uint32 inst Current instruction uint32 icnt Clock cycles in curr inst uint32 asr1l7 uint32 asr18 SPARC uses an overlapping windowed register file and accessing registers must be done using the current window pointer psr 4 0 To access registers r8 r31 in the current window use cwp r gt psr amp 7 regval r gt r cwp lt lt 4 RS1 nwindows 16 Note that global registers r0 r7 should always be accessed by r gt g RS1 The return value of the custom handler indicates which trap the emulated instruction has generated or 0 if no trap was caused If the handler could not decode the instruction 2 should be returned to cause an unimplemented instruction trap The number of clocks consumed by the instruction should be returned in r gt icnt This value is by default 1 which corresponds to a fully pipelined instruction without data interlock
85. newrr_in 0x0 buf 0x0 buflen 0 at rtems 4 6 5 cpukit libnetworking libc res_mkquery c 199 It is possible to use the frame command to select a stack frame of interest and examine the registers using the info registers command Note that the info registers command only can see the following registers for an inactive task g0 g7 10 17 10 17 00 07 pc and psr The other registers will be displayed as 0 gdb frame 5 5 0x40004028 in daemon at rtems 4 6 5 c src libnetworking rtems_servers ftpd c 1925 1925 ss accept s struct sockaddr amp addr amp addrLen gdb info reg g0 0x0 0 gl 0x0 0 g2 Oxfffffffft si g3 0x0 0 g4 0x0 0 g5 0x0 0 g6 0x0 0 g7 0x0 0 o0 0x3 3 ol 0x43feccf0 140772080 o2 0x43feccec 140772076 03 0x0 0 o4 0x 34000e4 213909276 ob 0x4007cc00 074252800 sp 0x43fecc88 0x43fecc88 o7 0x40004020 073758240 10 0x4007ce88 074253448 11 0x4007ce88 074253448 12 0x400048fc 073760508 13 0x43feccf0 140772080 14 0x3 3 15 0x1 1 16 0x0 0 17 0x0 0 i0 0x0 0 il 0x40003 94 1073758100 i2 0x0 0 i3 0x43ffafc8 1140830152 ia 0x0 0 15 0x4007cd40 1074253120 fp 0x43fecd08 0x43fecd08 i7 0x40053380 1074082688 y 0x0 0 psr 0xf34000e0 213909280 wim 0x0 0 tbr 0x0 0 pe 0x40004028 0x40004028 lt daemon 148 gt npc 0x4000402c 0x4000402c lt daemon 152 gt fsr 0x0 0 csr 0x0 0 It is not supported to set thread specific breakpoints All breakpoints are global and st
86. nfig OxFF 7 8 5 1 CAN message packet format Used to send and receive CAN messages 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies the length of the rest of the packet CAN message Byte Description Bits MSB LSB 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4 Protocol ID 0 Prot ID 7 0 Control FF RTR DLC max 8 bytes 6 9 ID 32 bit word in network byte ID 10 0 bits 31 11 ignored for standard frame format order ID 28 0 bits 31 29 ignored for extended frame format 10 17 Data byte 1 DLC Data byte n 7 0 Figure 7 5 CAN message packet format 7 8 5 2 Error counter packet format Used to write the RX and TX error counter of the modelled CAN interface TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 50 AEROFLEX 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies the length of the rest of the packet Error counter packet Byte Field Description 4 Packet type Type of packet OxFD for error counter packets 5 Register 0 RX error counter 1 TX error counter 6 Value Value to write to error counter Figure 7 6 Error counter packet format 7 8 5 3 Acknowledge packet format If the acknowledge function has been enabled through the start up option or command the CAN interface will wait for an acknowledge packet each time it transmits a message To enable the CAN receiver to send acknowledge packets either NAK or ACK an acknowledge configuration packet must be sent This is done automati
87. nt_arg void cfunc int arg int op Similar to stop_event but differentiates between 2 events with same cfunc but with different arg given when inserted into the event queue via event Used when simulating multiple instances of an entity Parameter op should be 1 to enable the arg check unsigned short reg_revent void cfunc unsigned long arg Registers a restorable event that will use cfunc as callback The returned index should be used when calling revent The event argument is supplied when calling revent The call to reg_revent should be done once at I O or AHB module initialization unsigned short reg_revent_prearg void cfunc unsigned long arg unsigned long arg Registers a restorable event that will use cfunc as callback and arg as argument This can be used to register an argument that is a pointer to a data structure The returned index should be used when calling revent_prearg The call to reg_revent_prearg should be done once at I O or AHB module initialization int revent unsigned short index unsigned long arg uint64 offset This inserts an event registered by reg_revent into the event queue with the registered cfunc for the given index Multiple events with the same index can be in the event queue at the same time The argand offset arguments are the same as for the event function NOTE See the description of event for limitations on number of events and from which cont
88. o be programmed by software to reflect the available memory and the number and size of the memory banks The waitstates fields must also be programmed with the correct configuration after reset Both SRAM and functionally modelled SDRAM with SRAM timing can be emulated Using the banks option it is possible to set over how many RAM banks the external SRAM is divided in Note that software compiled with BCC RCC and not run through mkprom must not use this option For mkprom encapsulated programs it is essential that the same RAM size and bank number setting is used for both mkprom and TSIM The memory EDAC of LEON2 FT is not implemented 4 3 7 SPARC V8 MUL DIV MAC instructions TSIM LEON optionally supports the SPARC V8 multiply divide and MAC instruction To correctly em ulate LEON systems which do not implement these instructions use the nomac to disable the MAC in struction and or nov8 to disable multiply and divide instructions EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 22 GAISLER 4 3 8 DSU and hardware breakpoints The LEON debug support unit DSU and the hardware watchpoints asr24 asr31 are not emulated 4 4 LEON3 specific emulation 4 4 1 General The LEON3 version of TSIM emulates the behavior of the LEON3MP template VHDL model distribut ed in the GRLIB 1 0 IP library The system includes the following modules LEON3 processor APB bridge IRQMP interrupt controller LEON2 memory controller GPTIMER timer unit wi
89. on GAISLER GRETH RXPACKET GRETH received packets GAISLER GRETH RXCTRL GRETH RX packet server protocol GAISLER_GRETH_RXBDCTRL GRETH RX buffer descriptors DMA GAISLER_GRETH_RXBDCTRL GRETH TX packet server protocol EROFLEX GAISLER_GRETH_TXPACKET GRETH transmitted packets GAISLER_GRETH_IRQ GRETH interrupts 9 5 4 Ethernet packet server The simulation model relies on a packet server to receive and transmit the Ethernet packets The packet server should open a TCP socket which the module can connect to The Ethernet core is connected to a packet server using the grethconnect start up parameter or using the greth_connect command An example implementation of a packet server named greth config is included in TSIM distribution It uses the TUN TAP interface in Linux or the WinPcap library on Windows to connect the GRETH core to a physical Ethernet LAN This makes it easy to connect the simulated GRETH core to real hardware It can provide a throughput in the order of magnitude of 500 to 1000 KiB sec See its distributed README for usage instructions 9 5 5 Ethernet packet server protocol Ethernet data packets have the following format Note that each packet is prepended with a one word length field indicating the length of the packet to come including its header AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 58 GAISLER 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH spe
90. ons has not been executed tsim gt di start 02000000 1 a0100000 clr 10 02000004 1 29008004 sethi hi 0x2001000 14 02000008 1 81c52000 jmp 14 0200000c 1 01000000 nop 02000010 0 91402000 ta 0x0 02000014 0 01000000 nop 02000018 0 01000000 nop The coverage data is not saved or restored during check pointing operations When enabled the coverage function reduces the simulation performance of about 30 When disabled the coverage function does not impact simulation performance Individual coverage fields can be read and written using the TSIM function interface using the tsim coverage call see Section 6 2 Enabling and disabling the coverage func tionality from the function interface should be done using tsim_cmd Example scripts for annotating C code using saved coverage information from TSIM can be found in the coverage sub directory 3 8 Check pointing The professional version of TSIM can save and restore its complete state allowing to resume simulation from a saved check point Saving the state is done with the save command tsim gt save file_name The state is saved to file_name tss To restore the state use the restore command tsim gt restore file_name The state will be restored from file_name tss Restore directly at startup can be performed with the rest file name command line switch NOTE TSIM command line options are not stored such as alternate UART devices etc AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulat
91. ops the execution of all threads It is not possible to change the value of registers other than those of the current thread EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 17 GAISLER 4 Emulation characteristics 4 1 Common behaviour 4 1 1 Timing The simulator time is maintained and incremented according the IU and FPU instruction timing The par allel execution between the IU and FPU is modelled as well as stalls due to operand dependencies In struction timing has been modelled after the real devices Integer instructions have a higher accuracy than floating point instructions due to the somewhat unpredictable operand dependent timing of the ERC32 and LEON MEIKO FPU Typical usage patterns have higher accuracy than atypical ones e g having vs not having caches enabled on LEON systems Tracing using the inst or hist command will display the current simulator time in the left column This time indicates when the instruction is fetched Cache misses wait states or data dependencies will delay the following fetch according to the incurred delay 4 1 2 UARTS If the baudrate register is written by the application software the UARTs will operate with correct timing If the baudrate is left at the default value or if the fast_uart switch was used the UARTs operate at infinite speed This means that the transmitter holding register always is empty and a transmitter empty interrupt is generated directly after each write to the transmitter da
92. or User s Manual 13 GAISLER NOTE AT697 UT699 UT700 and GR712 simulation modules do not support check pointing 3 9 Performance TSIM is highly optimised and capable of simulating ERC32 systems faster than realtime On high end Athlon processors TSIM achieves more than 1 MIPS 100 MHz CPU frequency of host Enabling various debugging features such as watchpoints profiling and code coverage can however reduce the simulation performance with up to 40 3 10 Backtrace The bt command will display the current call backtrace and associated stack pointer tsim gt bt Spc ssp 0 0x0200190c Ox023ffcc8 Proc 1 0xf0 1 0x02001520 Ox023ffd38 main 0x230 2 0x02001208 0x023ffe00 start 0x60 3 0x02001014 Ox023ffe40 start 0x1014 3 11 Connecting to gdb TSIM can act as a remote target for gdb allowing symbolic debugging of target applications To initiate gdb communication start the simulator with the gdb switch or use the TSIM gdb command bash 2 04 tsim gdb TSIM LEON remote SPARC simulator build 2001 01 10 demo version serial port on stdin stdout allocated 4096 K RAM memory allocated 2048 K ROM memory gdb interface using port 1234 Then start gdb in a different window and connect to TSIM using the extended remote protocol bash 2 04 sparc rtems gdb t4 exe gdb target extended remote localhost 1234 Remote debugging using localhost 1234 0x0 in gdb To interrupt simulation Ctrl C can be t
93. ort can oCh server port Open a packet server for CAN OC core X on specified TCP port can och ack s0l1 Specifies whether the CAN OC core will wait for a acknowledgment packet on transmission This command should only be issued after a connection has been established can ocX status Prints out status information for the CAN OC core X in the above command s is in the range 1 2 TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 49 AEROFLEX 7 8 3 Debug flags The following debug flags are available for the CAN interfaces Use them in conjunction with the ut699_dbgon command to enable different levels of debug information Table 7 10 CAN debug flags Flag Trace GAISLER CAN OC ACC CAN OC register accesses GAISLER CAN OC RXPACKET CAN OC received messages GAISLER CAN OC TXPACKET CAN OC transmitted messages GAISLER CAN OC ACK CAN OC acknowledgements GAISLER CAN OC IRO CAN OC interrupts 7 8 4 Packet server Each CAN OC core can be configured independently as a packet server or client using either Can OCH server or can_ocX connect When acting as a server the core can only accept a single connection 7 8 5 CAN packet server protocol The protocol used to communicate with the packet server is described below Four different types of packets are defined according to the table below Table 7 11 CAN packet types Type Value Message 0x00 Error counter OxFD Acknowledge OxFE Acknowledge co
94. printf ut699 inp setup Claiming s n 1 gt grpci _b name INPUT_CLAIM 1 gt grpci return static struct ut699_subsystem ut699_pci ut699_inp_setup 0 0 struct ut699_subsystem ut699inputsystem amp amp ut699 pci A typical Makefile that would create a user supplied dynamic library pci dlllso from pci c would look like this M DLL FIX if strip shell uname grep MINGW32 dll so M_LIB if strip shell uname grep MINGW32 lws2 32 luser32 lkernel32 lwinmm all pci M_DLL_FIX pci M DLL FIX pci o CC shared g pci o o pci M DLL FIX M LIB pci o pei c inputprovider h TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 47 AEROFLEX CC fPIC e g 00 pci c o pci o clean sm f 6 KA 7 7 4 PCI bus model API The structure struct grpci_input models the PCI bus It is defined as ut699 pci input provider struct grpci_input struct input_inp _b int acc struct grpci_input ctrl int cmd unsigned int addr unsigned int data unsigned int abort unsigned int ws int target_acc struct grpci_input ctrl int cmd unsigned int addr unsigned int data unsigned int mexc Vi The acc callback should be set by the PCI user module at startup It is called by the UT699 module whenever it reads writes as a PCI bus master Table 7 6 acc callback parameters Parameter Description cmd Command to execute see Section 7 7 1 detail
95. provider definitions ut699 examples input tsim h TSIM interface definitions ut699 examples input end h Defines the endian of the local machine ut699 examples test The test directory contains tests that can be executed in TSIM ut699 examples test README txt Description of the tests ut699 examples test Makefile Makefile for building the tests ut699 examples test cansend c CAN transmission test ut699 examples test canrec c CAN reception test ut699 examples test pci c PCI interface test ut699 examples test pcitest h Header file for PCI test Loading the module The module is loaded using the TSIM2 option ahbm All core specific options described in the following sections need to be surrounded by the options designinput and designinputend e g On Linux tsim leon3 ut699 ahbm ut699 linux ut699 so designinput ut699 examples input pci so designinputend TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 40 AEROFLEX On Windows tsim leon3 ut699 ahbm ut699 win32 ut699 d11 designinput ut699 examples input pci dl1 designinputend The option ut 699 needs to be given to TSIM to enable the UT699 processor configuration Note that when ut 699 is given snooping will be set as non functional 7 3 UT699e To enable the UT699e version of the UT699 replace ut 699 so d11 with ut699e so d11 and option ut 699 with ut 699e This e Enables snooping opposed to th
96. put_files tsim leon4 options input_files The following command line options are supported by TSIM ahbm ahb_module Use ahb module as loadable AHB module rather than the default ahb so LEON only If multi ple ahbm switches are specified up to 16 AHB modules can be loaded The enviromental variable TSIM_MODULE_PATH can be set to a separated in WIN32 list of search paths ahbstatus Adds AHB status register support asilnoallocate Makes ASI 1 reads not allocate cache lines LEON3 4 only at697e Configure caches according to the Atmel AT697E device LEON only banks ram banks Sets how many RAM banks the SRAM is divided on Supported values are 1 2 or 4 Default is 1 LEON only bopt Enables idle loop optimisation see Section 4 1 5 bp Enables emulation of LEON3 4 branch prediction c file Reads commands from file and executes them at startup cfg file Reads extra configuration options from file cfgreg_and and mask cfgreg_or or mask LEON only Patch the Leon Configuration Register 0x80000024 The new value will be reg amp and maskj lor mask covtrans Enable MMU translations for the coverage system Needed when MMU is enabled and not mapping 1 to 1 EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 4 GAISLER cpm cp_module Use cp_module as loadable co processor module file name LEON The enviromental variable TSIM MODULE PATH can be set to a separated
97. r returning the value in data Only for diagnostic use void tsim_write unsigned int addr unsigned int data Performs a write to addr with value data Only for diagnostic use void tsim stop event void cfunc int arg int op tsim stop event can remove certain event depending on the setting of arg and op If op 0 all instance of the callback function cfunc will be removed If op 1 events with the argument arg will be removed If op 2 only the first earliest of the events with the argument arg will be removed NOTE The stop_event function may NOT be called from a signal handler installed by the I O module void tsim inc time uint64 tsim ne time will increment the simulator time without executing any instructions The event gueue is evaluated during the advancement of time and the event callbacks are properly called Can not be called from event handlers int tsim_trap int trap int tt void rett tsim_trap is used to install callback functions that are called every time the processor takes a trap or returns from a trap RETT instruction The trap function is called with one argument t t that contains the SPARC trap number If tsim trap returns with 0 execution will continue A non zero return value will stop simulation with the program counter pointing to the instruction that will cause the trap The rett function is called when the program counter points to the RETT instruction
98. reserved for future use must be set to 0 15 8 IPID IP core ID must equal 0 for SpaceWire 7 5 TYPE packet type 1 for time code packets 4 0 RES reserved for future use must be set to 0 Payload 31 8 7 6 5 0 0x8 RES CT CN 31 8 RES reserved for future use must be set to 0 7 6 CT time control flags 5 0 CN value of time counter Figure 9 7 SpaceWire time code packet EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 61 GAISLER 9 7 Link state packet format 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies length of packet including the header Header 31 16 15 8 7 5 4 3 2 0 Ox4 RES IPID 0 TYPE 2 RES LS 31 16 RES reserved for future use must be set to 0 15 8 IPID IP core ID must equal 0 for Space Wire 7 5 TYPE packet type 2 for link state packets 4 3 RES reserved for future use must be set to 0 2 0 LS Link State 0 Error reset 1 Error wait 2 Ready 3 Started 4 5 Connecting Run Figure 9 8 Space Wire link state packet SPI and GPIO user modules The user supplied dynamic library should expose a public symbol gr712input system of type struct gr712 subsystem The struct gr712_subsystemis defined in gr712inputprovider h as struct gr712 subsystem void gr712 inp setup int id struct gr712 inp layout 1 char argv int argc void gr712 inp restart int id struct gr712 inp layout 1 struct sim interface simif
99. ress block watchpoints are not available Profiling The profiling function calculates the amount of execution time spent in each subroutine of the simulated program This is made without intervention or instrumentation of the code by periodically sample the exe cution point and the associated call tree Cycles in the call graph are properly handled as well as sections of the code where no stack is available e g trap handlers The profiling information is printed as a list sorted on highest execution time ration Profiling is enabled through the prof 1 command The sampling period is by default 1000 clocks which typically provides a good compromise between accuracy and performance Other sampling periods can also be set through the prof 1 n command Profiling can be disabled through the prof 0 command Below is an example profiling the dhrystone benchmark bash tsim erc32 opt rtems src examples samples dhry tsim gt pro 1 profiling enabled sample period 1000 tsim gt go resuming at 0x02000000 Execution starts 200000 runs through Dhrystone Stopped at time 23375862 1 670e 00 s tsim gt pro function samples ratio start 36144 100 00 _start 36144 100 00 main 36134 99 97 Proc_1 10476 28 98 Func_2 9885 27 34 strcmp 8161 22 97 Proc_8 2641 7 30 div 2097 5 80 Proc_6 1412 3 90 Proc_3 1321 3 65 Proc_2 1187 3 28 umul 1092 3 02 Func_1 777 2 14 Proc 7 772 2 13 Proc A 131 2 02 Proc 5 453 1 25 Func 3 227 0 62 printf 8 0 02 v
100. rt TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 54 AEROFLEX can_ocX server port Open a packet server for CAN OC core X on specified TCP port Can OCH ack 011 Specifies whether the CAN OC core will wait for a acknowledgment packet on transmission This option must be put after can_ocX connect X in the above options is in the range 0 1 9 4 2 Commands CAN core TSIM commands can ocX connect host port Connect CAN OC core X to packet server to specified server and TCP port can oCh server port Open a packet server for CAN OC core X on specified TCP port can och ack s0l1 Specifies whether the CAN OC core will wait for a acknowledgment packet on transmission This command should only be issued after a connection has been established can oCh status Prints out status information for the CAN OC core X in the above commands is in the range 0 1 9 4 3 Debug flags The following debug flags are available for the CAN interfaces Use them in conjunction with the gr712 dbgon command to enable different levels of debug information To toggle debug output for indi vidual cores use the can ocX dbg command where X is in the range 0 1 Table 9 2 CAN debug flags Flag Trace GAISLER_CAN_OC_ACC CAN_OC register accesses GAISLER_CAN_OC_RXPACKET CAN_OC received messages GAISLER_CAN_OC_TXPACKET CAN_OC transmitted messages GAISLER_CAN_OC_ACK CAN_OC acknowledgements GAISLER_CAN_OC_IRQ CAN_OC interrupts 9 4 4 Packe
101. s addr PCI address data Data buffer fill for read commands read for write commands wsize 0 8 bit access 1 16 bit access 2 32 bit access 3 64 bit access 64 bit is only used to model STD instructions to the GRPCI AHB slave ws Number of PCI clocks it shall to complete the transaction abort Set to 1 to generate target abort 0 otherwise The return value of acc determines if the transaction terminates successfully 1 or with master abort 0 The callback target_acc is installed by the UT699 AHB module The PCI user dynamic library can call this function to initiate an access to the UT699 PCI target Table 7 7 target_acc parameters Parameter Description cmd Command to execute see Section 7 7 1 for details I O cycles are not supported by the UT699 target addr PCI address data Data buffer returned data for read commands supply data for write commands wsize 0 8 bit access 1 16 bit access 2 32 bit access mexc 0 if access is successful 1 in case of target abort If the address matched MEMBARO MEMBARI or CONFIG target_acc will return 1 otherwise 0 7 7 5 GPIO model API The structure struct gpio_input models the GPIO pins It is defined as GPIO input provider struct gpio_input struct input_inp _b int gpioout struct gpio_input ctrl unsigned int out EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 48 GAISLER int gpioin struct gpio_input ctrl unsigned int in
102. s chapter describes the UT699 loadable AHB module for the TSIM2 simulator The AHB module pro vides simulation models for the Ethernet SpaceWire PCI GPIO and CAN cores in the UT699 processor For more information about this chip see the Cobham UT699 user manual The interfaces are modelled at packet transaction message level and provides an easy way to connect the simulated UT699 to a larger simulation framework The following files are delivered with the UT699 TSIM module Table 7 1 Files delivered with the UT699 TSIM module File Description ut699 linux ut699 so UT699 AHB module for Linux ut699 linux ut699e so UT699e AHB module for Linux ut699 win32 ut699 dil UT699 AHB module for Windows ut699 win32 ut699e dIl UT699e AHB module for Windows out699 examples input The input directory contains two examples of PCI us er modules ut699 examples input README txt Description of the user module examples ut699 examples input pci c PCI user module example that makes UT699 PCI ini tiator accesses ut699 examples input pci_target c PCI user module example that makes UT699 PCI tar get accesses ut699 examples input gpio c GPIO user module example ut699 examples input ut699inputprovider h Interface between the UT699 module and the user de fined PCI module ut699 examples input pci_input h UT699 PCI input provider definitions ut699 examples input input h Generic input
103. set called on processor reset void io_restart called on simulator restart int io_read unsigned int addr int data int ws int io_write unsigned int addr int data int ws int size char get_io_ptr unsigned int addr int size void command char cmd I O specific commands void sigio called when SIGIO occurs void save char fname save simulation state void restore char fname restore simulation state Vi extern struct io subsystem iosystem imported I 0 emulation functions The elements of the structure have the following meanings EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 28 GAISLER void io_init struct sim_interface sif struct io_interface iif Called once on simulator startup Set to NULL if unused void io_exit Called once on simulator exit Set to NULL if unused void io_reset Called every time the processor is reset i e also startup Set to NULL if unused void io_restart Called every time the simulator is restarted simtime set to zero Set to NULL if unused int io_read unsigned int addr int data int ws Processor read call The processor always reads one full 32 bit word from addr The data should be returned in data the number of waitstates should be returned in ws If the access would fail illegal address etc 1 should be returned on success 0 int io_write unsigned
104. simple function interface I O functions can be added and use a similar interface to the loadable I O modules de scribed earlier Function interface The following functions are provided to access TSIM features int tsim_init char option initialise tsim with optional params Initialize TSIM must be called before any other TSIM function except tsim_set_diag are used The options string can contain any valid TSIM startup option as used for the standalone simulator with the exception that no filenames for files to be loaded into memory may be given tsim_init may only be called once use the TSIM reset command to reset the simulator without exiting tsim_init will return 1 on success or 0 on failure int tsim cmd char cmd execute tsim command Execute TSIM command Any valid TSIM command line command may be given The following return values are defined SIGINT Simulation stopped due to interrupt SIGHUP Simulation stopped normally SIGTRAP Simulation stopped due to breakpoint hit SIGSEGV Simulation stopped due to processor in error mode SIGTERM Simulation stopped due to program termination void tsim exit int val Should be called to cleanup TSIM internal state before main program exits void tsim get regs unsigned int regs Get SPARC registers regs is a pointer to an array of integers see tsim h for how the various registers are indexed void tsim set regs unsigned int regs Set SPARC re
105. t server Each CAN OC core can be configured independently as a packet server or client using either can_ocX_server or can_ocX connect When acting as a server the core can only accept a single connection 9 4 5 CAN packet server protocol The protocol used to communicate with the packet server is described below Four different types of packets are defined according to the table below Table 9 3 CAN packet types Type Value Message 0x00 AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 55 GAISLER Type Value Error counter OxFD Acknowledge OxFE Acknowledge config OxFF 9 4 5 1 CAN message packet format Used to send and receive CAN messages 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies the length of the rest of the packet CAN message Byte Description Bits MSB LSB 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4 Protocol ID 0 Prot ID 7 0 3 Control FF RTR DLC max 8 bytes 6 9 ID 32 bit word in network byte ID 10 0 bits 31 11 ignored for standard frame format order ID 28 0 bits 31 29 ignored for extended frame format 10 17 Data byte 1 DLC Data byte n 7 0 Figure 9 1 CAN message packet format 9 4 5 2 Error counter packet format Used to write the RX and TX error counter of the modelled CAN interface 31 0 0x0 LENGTH 31 0 LENGTH specifies the length of the rest of the packet Error counter pac
106. t697 so using the PCI user module interface while at697 so communicates with TSIM via the AHB interface 10 3 AT697 initiator mode The PCI user module should supply one callback function acc The AT697 AHB module will call this function to emulate AHB slave mode accesses or DMA accesses that are forwarded via acc The cmd AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 65 GAISLER parameter determines which command to use Configuration cycles have to be handled by the PCI user module 10 4 AT697 target mode The AT697 AHB module supplies one callback target_acc to the PCI user modules to implement target mode accesses from the PCI bus to the AHB bus The PCI user module should trigger access events itself by inserting itself into the event queue 10 5 Definitions define ESA PCI SPACE To define ESA PCI SPACE MEM define ESA PCI SPACE CONFIG define ESA PCI SPACE MEMLINE atc697 pci input provider struct esa_pci_input struct input_inp _b int acc struct esa_pci_input ctrl int cmd unsigned int addr unsigned int data unsigned int abort unsigned int ws int target_acc struct esa_pci_input ctrl int cmd unsigned int addr unsigned int data unsigned int mexc Vi 10 5 1 PCI command table 0000 IRQ acknowledge 0001 Special cycle 0010 1 0 Read 0011 I O Write 0100 Reserved 0101 Reserved 0110 Memory Read 0111 Memory Write 1000 Reser
107. ta register The receivers can never over flow or generate errors Note that with correct UART timing it is possible that the last character of a program is not displayed on the console This can happen if the program forces the processor in error mode thereby terminating the simulation before the last character has been shifted out from the transmitter shift register To avoid this an application should poll the UART status register and not force the processor in error mode before the transmitter shift registers are empty The real hardware does not exhibit this problem since the UARTs continue to operate even when the processor is halted 4 1 3 Floating point unit FPU The simulator maps floating point operations on the hosts floating point capabilities This means that ac curacy and generation of IEEE exceptions is host dependent and will not always be identical to the actual ERC32 LEON hardware The simulator implements to some extent data dependant execution timing as in the real MEKIO FPU ERC32 LEON2 For LEON3 4 the gr fpu switch will enable emulation of the GRFPU instruction timing 4 1 4 Delayed write to special registers The SPARC architecture defines that a write to the special registers psr wim tbr fsr Joy may have up to 3 delay cycles meaning that up to 3 of the instructions following a special register write might not see the newly written value due to pipeline effects While ERC32 and LEON have between
108. te transmission performance X in the above options has the range 0 5 9 6 2 Commands SpaceWire core TSIM commands grspwX_connect host port Connect GRSPW2 core X to packet server at specified server and TCP port grspwX_server port Open a packet server for core X on specified TCP port grspw_status Print status for all GRSPW2 cores X in the above commands has the range 0 5 9 6 3 Debug flags The following debug flags are available for the SpaceWire interfaces Use the them in conjunction with the gr712_dbgon command to enable different levels of debug information To toggle debug output for individual cores use the grspwX_dbg command where X is in the range 0 5 Table 9 5 SpaceWire debug flags Flag Trace GAISLER_GRSPW_ACC GRSPW accesses GAISLER_GRSPW_RXPACKET GRSPW received packets GAISLER_GRSPW_RXCTRL GRSPW rx protocol GAISLER_GRSPW_TXPACKET GRSPW transmitted packets GAISLER_GRSPW_TXCTRL GRSPW tx protocol GAISLER_GRSPW_RMAP GRSPW RMAP accesses GAISLER_GRSPW_RMAPPACKET GRSPW RMAP packet dumps GAISLER_GRSPW_RMAPPACKDE GRSPW RMAP packet decoding GAISLER_GRSPW_DMAERR GRSPW DMA errors 9 6 4 SpaceWire packet server Each SpaceWire core can be configured independently as a packet server or client using either grsp wXserver or grspwXconnect TCP sockets are used for establishing the connections When acting as a server the core can only accept a single connection For more flexib
109. tents of L2 cache LEON4 only mec Display ERC32 MEC registers mem addr count Display memory at addr for count bytes Same default values as for dis Unimplemented registers are displayed as zero vmem vaddr count Same as mem but does a MMU translation on vaddr first LEON only mmu Display the MMU registers LEON only quit Exits the simulator perf reset The perf command will display various execution statistics A perf reset command will reset the statistics This can be used if statistics shall be calculated only over a part of the program The run and reset command also resets the statistic information prof 011 st ime Enable prof 1 or disable prof 0 profiling Without parameters profiling information is printed Default sampling period is 1000 clock cycles but can be changed by specifying st ime reg reg_name value Prints and sets the IU registers in the current register window reg without parameters prints the IU registers reg reg_name value sets the corresponding register to value Valid register names are psr tbr wim y g1 g7 00 07 and 10 17 To view the other register windows use reg wn where n is 0 7 reset Performs a power on reset This command is equal to run 0 restore file Restore simulator state from file run addr count time Resets the simulator and starts execution from address addr the default is 0 The event queue is emptied but any set breakpo
110. th two 32 bit timers two APBUART uarts The AHB APB plug amp play information is provided at address OxFFFFF000 OxFFFFFFFF AHB and 0x800FF000 Ox800FFFFF APB 4 4 2 Processor The instruction timing of the emulated LEON3 processor is modelled after LEON3 VHDL model in GRLIB IP library The processor can be configured with 2 32 register windows using the nwin switch The MMU can be emulated using the mmu switch Local scratch pad RAM can be added with the ilram and dl ram switches 4 4 3 Cache memories The evaluation version of TSIM LEON3 implements 2 4 KiB caches with 16 bytes per line The commer cial TSIM version can emulate any permissible cache configuration using the icsize ilsize dc size and dlsize options Allowed sizes are 1 256 KiB with 16 32 bytes line The characteristics of the LEON multi way caches can be emulated using the isets dsets irepl drelp ilock and dlock options Diagnostic cache reads writes are implemented The simulator commands cache and dcache can be used to display cache contents 4 4 4 Power down mode The LEON3 power down function is implemented as in the specification A Ctrl C in the simulator window will exit the power down mode In power down mode the simulator skips time until the next event in the event queue thereby significantly increasing the simulation speed 4 4 5 LEONS peripherals registers The LEON3 peripherals registers can be displayed with the l
111. the UT700 module whenever it shifts a word through the SPI bus Table 8 2 spishift callback parameters Parameter Description select Slave select bits bitcnt Number of bits set in the MODE register if bitcnt is 1 then the operation is not a shift and the call is to indicate a select change i e if the core is disabled out Shift out tx data in Shift in rx data EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 53 GAISLER 9 Cobham Gaisler GR712 AHB module 9 1 Overview 9 2 9 3 GR712 AHB module is a loadable AHB module that implements the GR712 peripherals including GPIO GRTIMER with latch SPI CAN GRETH SPACEWIRE AHBRAM and extra UARTS The following files are delivered with the GR712 TSIM module Table 9 1 Files delivered with the GR712 TSIM module File Description gr712 linux gr712 so GR712 AHB module for Linux gr712 win32 gr712 dll GR712 AHB module for Windows gr712 examples input The input directory contains two examples of user modules gr712 examples input README Ger Description of the user module examples gr712 examples input Makefile Makefile for building the user modules gr712 examples input spi c SPI user module example emulating a Intel SPI flash gr712 examples input gpio c GPIO user module emulating GPIO bit toggle gr712 examples input gr712inputprovider h Interface between the GR712 module and the user module Loading the module
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113. to NULL if not used uint32 cp_reg int reg uint32 data int read Used by the simulator to perform diagnostics read and write to the FPU CP registers Calling cp_reg should not have any side effects on the FPU CP status reg indicates which register to AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 34 GAISLER access 0 31 indicates f0 f31 c0 31 34 indicates Hfsr csr read indicates read or write ac cess read 0 indicates write access read 0 indicates read access Written data is passed in data the return value contains the read value on read accesses int cp_exec uint32 pc uint32 inst int hold Execute FPU CP instruction The pc is passed in pc and the instruction opcode in inst If data dependency is emulated the number of stall cycles should be return in hold The return value should be zero if no trap occurred or the trap number if a trap did occur Ox8 for the FPU 0x28 for CP A trap can occur if the FPU CP is in exception_pending mode when a new FPU CP instruction is executed int cp_cc int cc int hold get condition codes Read condition codes Used by FBCC CBCC instructions The condition codes 0 3 should be returned in cc If data dependency is emulated the number of stall cycles should be return in hold The return value should be zero if no trap occurred or the trap number if a trap did occur 0x8 for the FPU 0x28 for CP A trap can occur if the FPU CP is in exception_pending mode
114. ulator Instead of loading a shared library containing the I O module the I O module is linked with the main program The I O functions and the AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 38 GAISLER 6 5 6 6 6 7 main program has the same access to the exported simulator interface simif and ioif as described in the loadable module interface The TSIM library imports the I O structure pointer iosystem which must be defined in the main program An example I O module is provided in tlib lt platform gt io c which shows how to add a prom A second example I O module is provided in simple_io c This module provides a simpler interface to attach VO functions The following interface is provided void tsim_set_ioread void cfunc int address int data int ws This function is used to pass a pointer to a user function which is to be called by TSIM when an I O read access is made The user function is called with the address of the access a pointer to where the read data should be returned and a pointer to a waitstate variable that should be set to the number of waitstates that the access took void tsim_set_iowrite void cfunc int address int data int ws int size This function is used to pass a pointer to a user function which is to be called by TSIM when an I O write access is made The user function is called with the address of the access a pointer to the data to be written a pointer to a waitstate variabl
115. umentation samples Sample programs iomod Example I O modules tsim cygwin TSIM binary for cygwin tsim linux TSIM binary for linux tsim linux x64 TSIM binary for linux x64 tsim solaris TSIM binary for solaris tsim win32 TSIM binary for native windows tlib cygwin TSIM library for cygwin tlib linux TSIM library for linux tlib linux x64 TSIM library for linux x64 tlib solaris TSIM library for solaris tlib win32 TSIM library for native windows The tar file can be installed at any location with the following command gunzip c tsim erc32 2 0 39 tar gz tar xf 2 2 License installation TSIM is licensed using a HASP USB hardware key Before use a device driver for the key must be installed The latest drivers can be found at http sentinelcustomer safenet inc com sentineldownloads EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 3 GAISLER 3 Operation 3 1 3 2 Overview TSIM can operate in two modes standalone and attached to gdb In standalone mode ERC32 or LEON applications can be loaded and simulated using a command line interface A number of commands are available to examine data insert breakpoints and advance simulation When attached to gdb TSIM acts as a remote gdb target and applications are loaded and debugged through gdb or a gdb front end such as ddd Starting TSIM TSIM is started as follows on a command line tsim erc32 options input_files tsim leon options input_files tsim leon3 options in
116. utend User supplied TSIM EE ut699 dil IE Z pei dll 3 Eh Sr Le H PCI BUS To load a user supplied dynamic library use the following command line switch designinput lt pciexample gt lt switches gt designinputend This will load a user supplied dynamic library pciexample In addition the switches between design input and designinputend are local switches only propagated to the user dynamic library pciex ample 7 7 1 Commands PCI Commands pci_status Print status for the PCI core 7 7 2 Debug flags The following debug flags are available for the PCI interface Use them in conjunction with the ut699 dbgon command to enable different levels of debug information Table 7 5 PCI interface debug flags Flag Trace GAISLER_GRPCI_ACC AHB accesses to from PCI core GAISLER GRPCI REGACC GRPCI APB register accesses GAISLER GRPCI DMA REGACC PCIDMA APB register accesses GAISLER GRPCI DMA GRPCI DMA accesses on the AHB bus GAISLER_GRPCI_TARGET_ACC GRPCI target accesses GAISLER GRPCI INIT Print summary on startup 7 7 3 User supplied dynamic library The user supplied dynamic library should expose a public symbol ut 699input system of type struct ut699 subsystem The struct ut699 subsystemisdefined as EROFLEX TSIM2 Simulator User s Manual 46 GAISLER struct ut699_subsystem void ut699 inp setup int id struct ut699_inp
117. ved 1001 Reserved 1010 Configuration Read 1011 Configuration Write 1100 Memory Read Mutltiple 1101 Dual Address Cycle 1110 Memory Read Line 1111 Memory Write And Invalidate 10 6 Read write function installed by PCI module This function should be set by the PCI user module int acc struct esa pci input ctrl int cmd unsigned int addr unsigned int data unsigned int abort unsigned int ws If set the function is called by the AT697 AHB module whenever the PCI interface initiates a transaction The function is called for AHB slave mapped accesses as well as AHB Master APB DMA The parameter cmd specifies the command to execute see Section 10 5 1 Parameter addr specifies the address The user module should return the read data in data for a read command or write the data on a write command and return the time to completion in ws as PCI clocks A possible target abort should be returned in abort The return value should be 0 taken 1 not taken master abort 10 7 Read write function installed by AT697 module The following function is installed by the AT697 AHB module int target_acc struct esa_pci_input ctrl int cmd unsigned int addr unsigned int data unsigned int mexc The PCI user module can call this function to emulate a PCI target mode access to the AT697 AHB module Parameter cmd specifies the command to execute see Section 10 5 1 The AT697 module is supposed to TSIM2
118. when a FBCC CBCC instruction is executed int cp_status unit status Should contain the FPU CP execution status 0 execute mode 1 exception_pending 2 exception_mode void cp_print print registers Should print the FPU CP registers to stdio int command char cmd CP specific commands User defined FPU CP control commands NOT YET IMPLEMENTED int set_fsr char cmd initialized by tsim This callback is initialized by tsim and can be called to set the FPU status register 5 3 3 Attaching the FPU and CP At startup the simulator tries to load two dynamic link libraries containing an external FPU or CP The simulator looks for the file fp so and cp so in the current directory and in the search path defined by ldconfig The location of the modules can also be defined using cpm and fpm switches The enviromental variable TSIM MODULE PATH can be set to a separated in WIN32 list of search paths Each library is searched for a pointer cp that points to a cp_interface structure describing the co processor Below is an example from fp c struct cp_interface test_fpu cp_init cp_init NULL cp exit cp_init cp_reset cp_init cp_restart cp_reg cp_reg cp_load cp_load cp_store cp_store fpmeiko cp_exec cepec cep ce amp fpregs fpstate cp status cp_print ep print NULL cp_command hi struct
119. yped in both gdb and TSIM windows The program can be restarted using the gdb run command but a load has first to be executed to reload the program image into the simulator gdb load Loading section text size 0x14e50 lma 0x40000000 Loading section data size 0x640 lma 0x40014e50 Start address 0x40000000 load size 87184 Transfer rate 697472 bits sec 278 bytes write gdb run The program being debugged has been started already Start it from the beginning y or n y Starting program home jgais src gnc t4 exe If gdb is detached using the detach command the simulator returns to the command prompt and the program can be debugged using the standard TSIM commands The simulator can also be re attached to gdb by issuing the gdb command to the simulator and the target command to gdb While attached normal TSIM commands can be executed using the gdb monitor command Output from the TSIM commands is then displayed in the gdb console TSIM translates SPARC traps into Unix signals which are properly communicated to gdb If the application encounters a fatal trap simulation will be stopped exactly on the failing instruction The target memory and register values can then be examined in gdb to determine the error cause AEROFLEX TSIM 2 Simulator User s Manual 14 GAISLER Profiling an application executed from gdb is possible if the symbol table is loaded in TSIM before execution is started gdb does not download the symbol inform

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