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Tycho GPS Frequency Reference User Manual

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1. gpsstat gpstrkstat gpsversion gsyshwaddr gsysosctype gsyspasswd gsysrootfs
2. gsystimemode gsysversion I AN RHIF NA Sea pluginopts Tycho GPS User Manual pluginoptscombige AS A OR MU E RU a a YND RI GA 26 setantflimask cc 27 seigpscaldelgy E AEAF FUN FEE 27 Setgpsdynmode AA A A es 27 ir i 27 A ET a 27 s ttfomflImusk ii a x EMO eS was LAT GR Fe 29 sigllimask a RR dae aw KU X a 29 fllius one ta SN FRO 28 updaterooifl g 4 3 a A A m nee Ai 28 asm 29 pgradeketriel GR YA is 29 RS 232 Serial 1 0 Port Signal Definitions 30 Ch i apter Four Optional Rear Panel Outputs 3l FARAGE GAA GO RR FU UP RR 31 Programmable TTL Output
3. MH SINE 1OMAYGINE 1OMAYSINE 10MPYSINE 0000 Antenna Jack RS 232 Connector 10 100Base T Jack 1PPS Jack AM Code Jack Alarm Jack Option This TNC connector mates with the downlead cable from the external antenna This DB 9M connector provides the RS 232 serial I O console interface to the Tycho This console allows the user to initialize and maintain the Tycho See Chapter 3 RS 232 Serial I O Port Signal Definitions for detailed information This RJ 45 connector mates with the ethernet twisted pair cable from the network This BNC connector provides the 1PPS TTL output The pulse width is normally 1 millisecond wide when shipped from the factory but can be changed via console command cpuoptsconfig Other selections are 20 microseconds 100 milliseconds and 500 milliseconds See signal definition in Appendix H Specifications for the 1PPS Output This BNC connector provides the amplitude modulated timecode output The timecode output is normally IRIG B122 when shipped from the factory but can be changed via the console command cpuoptsconfig Other selections are available See signal definition in Appendix H Specifications for the AM Code Output This BNC connector or terminal strip provides the optional alarm output and is usually not installed If installed see description in Chapter 4 Optional Rear Panel Outputs and signal definition in Appendix H Specifications Tycho
4. FFY FFF e III han 31 Direct Digital Synthesizer DDS 3 Fixed Rate TTL Output 10 32 TIPPS RS MOD O te on ON 32 Alorin Output eee a UR RO E HSE OO NN 32 Serial Time es 32 EOUOSID EPIO 32 Truetime dw ru NA EAS AAA AA O d UA 33 EndRun Format a tet EE AA HE FA NE 33 EndRunX Extended Format 34 O deua FF FAYN 34 Module Options PET ee Lebe cete Eten ER bs MAS FY 35 Programmable Digital Buffer Module 35 Digital Timecode Formats FE III 9 nn 35 Direct Digital Synthesizer DDS 35 Analog Timecode Buffer Module 36 Oscillator Low Phase Noise 36 Tycho GPS User Manual Appendix A Time Figure of Merit TFOM 37 Appendix Upgrading the Firmware 39 What You Need To Perform the Upgrade 39 Performing the Linux Upgrade 39 Recovering from a Failed Upgrade
5. 41 Performing the Linux Kernel Upgrade 41 Performing the GPS Upgrade 42 Problems with the GPS 43 Appendix Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP 45 SNMPV3 560 ouo CO Ce AAA ehe i eund 45 Enterprise Management Information Base MIB 45 Invocation of the SNMP daemon 46 Quick Start Configuration SNMPvI 2C 20 00 0 cece Y Y YY YY Y Y Y YY udd 46 Configuring SNMPvI Trap Generation 47 Configuring SNMPv2c Notifications and Informs 47 Configuration of SNMPv3 47 Appendix D 51 Linux Operating System 5 OpenSSH coo es tyne da duod YA eS 52 Appendix E Timecode Formats 55 RIG B 122 002 55 RIG Gp PER EUER 55 IRIG B120 000 IEEE 1344 1995 55 NAU GN e ete t lar 55 MT D MR Dyn 55 IEEE 1344 Bit Definition 56 Appendix F IPv6 Informati
6. EE EEE EEEE EEEE EEEE E E E dee e ehe e E RAR RARA ee e dee e dee e dee e dee e dee e dee e dee e dee e dee e dee e de e e de AA This script will configure the TCP IP network parameters for your Tycho GPS You will be able to reconfigure your system at any time by typing netconfig The settings you make now will not take effect until you restart your Tycho GPS so if you make a mistake just re run this script before re booting You will be prompted to enter your network parameters now H ECH kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk DHCP Settings Use a DHCP server to configure the ethernet interface y es n o n HOST name setting 11 Tycho GPS User Manual CHAPTER TWO Set the hostname of your Tycho GPS Only the base hostname is needed not the domain Enter hostname gsys DOMAIN name setting Set the domain name Do not supply a leading Enter domain name for gsys your domain STATIC IP ADDRESS setting Set the IP address for the Tycho GPS Example 111 112 113 114 Enter IP address for gsys aaa bbb ccc ddd 192 168 1 245 DEFAULT GATEWAY ADDRESS setting Set the default gateway address such as 111 112 113 1 If you don t have a gateway just hit ENTER to continue Enter default gateway address aaa bbb ccc ddd 192 168 1 241
7. eraserootfs 1 This command erases the UPGRADE root file system FLASH partition in preparation for performing a Linux subsystem firmware upgrade See Appendix B Upgrading the Firmware for more informa tion Set eraserootfs 1 Tycho response Erase progress as percent is shown 20 Tycho GPS User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS gpscaldelay This command displays the current calibration delay setting The allowable calibration delay range is 500000 to 500000 nanoseconds Query gpscaldelay Tycho resposne 0 nanoseconds gpsdynmode This command displays the current GPS subsystem dynamic mode of operation It has two possible settings ON or OFF When it is ON it is assumed that the Tycho is installed on a moving platform When it is OFF it is assumed that the Tycho is installed in a stationary location When the dynamic mode is OFF the Tycho will use its accurate reference position to implement Tim ing Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring TRAIM for the utmost in reliability during any GPS system faults In addition single satellite operation is possible once an initial accurate position has been determined When the dynamic mode is ON only a very minimal TRAIM algorithm is in effect because the ac curate reference position is not static In addition a minimum of four satellites must be visible and only 3 D position fixes are used When the dynamic mode is ON the source reported for the accurate reference position b
8. A I TECHNOLOGIES GNU General Public License AppendixG Third Party Software The Tycho is running a software product created and or maintained by open source projects Open source software comes with its own license This is printed out for your information below The license for the GNU software project requires that we provide you with a copy of all source code covered under the GNU Public License GPL at your request Please contact us with your request and we will mail it to you on a CD We will charge you a fee for our incurred expenses as allowed for in the license GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2 June 1991 Copyright C 1989 1991 Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin Street Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License instead You can apply it to your programs too When we speak
9. BASIC INSTALLATION Verify Network Configuration If you have made changes to your network configuration using netcon ig you should shutdown the Tycho and re boot it There are two ways to do this 1 Cycle power to the Tycho 2 Issue the shutdown with re boot command at the shell prompt Tycho GPS root gsys gt shutdown r now If you are using the RS 232 serial I O port to communicate with the Tycho you will be able to see the kernel generated boot messages when the unit re boots You should note the line Configuring eth0 as 192 168 1 245 if you have set up a static IP address or this line Attempting to configure eth0 by contacting a DHCP server if you are using DHCP It appears near the end of the kernel generated boot messages If you are using DHCP and are not using the RS 232 serial I O port you will have to check the DHCP configuration information maintained by your DHCP server to determine the expected IP ad dress and log in to the Tycho using telnet or ssh to verify successful DHCP configuration Refer to the subseguent topics in this section Using Telnet and Using SSH for details on logging in to the Tycho that way Once you have logged in you may perform the following checks If you are not using DHCP the IP address shown should match the static IP address which you entered during the netconfig procedure If so log in as root at the login prompt and check the other configuration parameters using ifconfi
10. NETMASK setting Set the netmask This will look something like this 255 255 255 0 Enter netmask aaa bbb ccc ddd 255 255 255 248 Calculating the BROADCAST and NETWORK addresses Broadcast 192 168 1 247 Network 192 168 1 240 Your Tycho GPS s current IP address full hostname and base hostname 192 168 1 245 gsys your domain gsys DOMAIN NAMESERVER S address setting Will your Tycho GPS be accessing a nameserver yles n o y Set the IP address of the primary name server to use for domain your domain Enter primary name server IP address aaa bbb ccc ddd 192 168 1 1 Will your Tycho GPS be accessing a secondary nameserver yles n o y Set the IP address of the secondary name server to use for domain your domain Enter secondary name server IP address aaa bbb ccc ddd 192 168 1 2 Setting up TCP IP Creating etc HOSTNAME Creating etc rc d rc inetl Creating etc networks Creating etc hosts Creating etc resolv conf kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk The Tycho GPS network configuration has been updated Please re boot now for the changes to take effect kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk 12 Tycho GPS User Manual
11. 400 0 ek ree RE ee SSA FYN RR RES 2 GPS Timing How It Works ccc ccc Y YY Y Y Y eee IRI 2 Where Usa o I cae Oe 2 Chapter Two Basic Installation 0 3 Checking and Identifying the Hardware 3 Tycho Physical Description 4 Performing an Initial Site Survey 5 BA E 6 Mount the Tycho mar AA AN AAA e 6 Connecting the DC Power Option 6 Connecting and Configuring 7 Configuring Ethernet with the Serial Port YY YY Y Y Y Y FF ua 7 the RS 232 A 7 Test the Serial iste trece try e ad RR E p eese 8 Tycho GPS User Manual 11 13 A A l4 Using netconfig to Set Up Your IP Verify Network Configuration O e de NWN Connecting Instruments to the Tycho 19 apter Three Control and Status Commands 17 17
12. Available User Commands 18 General Linux Shell Operation Detailed Command Descriptions 19 20 20 ee eat o 21 21 21 21 23 24 24 24 24 24 24 A RYN RR RR HWY 2D 25 YR ends Sent eden da eto quopts cpuoptsconfig gpscaldelay gpsdynmode gpsrefpos
13. Operating Humidity 0 to 9596 non condensing Storage Temperature 40 to 85 C Antenna Operating Temperature 40 to 85 C 66 Tycho GPS User Manual SPECIFICATIONS Optional Alarm Output on CPU Module See Chapter 4 Rear Panel Output Options for more information Alarm MMBT2222A open collector grounded emitter High impedance in alarm state Voltage 40 VDC maximum Saturation Current 100 mA maximum Connector Rear panel BNC jack or terminal strip labeled ALARM Optional Serial Time Output on CPU Module See Chapter 4 Rear Panel Output Options for more information Also refer to the sertimeopts and sertimeoptsconfig commands in Chapter 3 Control and Status Commands Signal Output only port at RS 232 levels Pinout Pin 3 is Transmit Data Pin 5 is GND Baud Rate User selectable to 4800 9600 19200 or 57600 Parity User Selectable to Odd Even or None ASCII Formats User Selectable to Sysplex Truetime EndRun EndRunX or NENA Connector Rear panel DB 9M connector labeled SYSPLEX or SERIAL TIME Signal RS 232 levels Connector Rear panel DB 9M connector labeled Serial Time Pinout Pin 3 is Transmit Data Pin 5 is GND Optional 1 PPS RS 422 Output on CPU Module See Chapter 4 Rear Panel Output Options for more information Also refer to the cpuopts and cpuoptsconfig commands in Chapter 3 Control and Status Commands Signal RS 422 levels User Selectable Width 20
14. SSH2 Since the provided private keys are not passphrase protected the user should create a new set of keys after verifying operation with the factory default key sets After creating the new keys the public keys should be copied to the boot root ssh directory of the Tycho At boot time the Tycho will copy these to the actual root ssh directory of the system ramdisk thereby replacing the factory default set of public keys Advanced users wishing to modify the configuration of the sshd daemon should edit the etc sshd_ config file and then copy it to the boot etc directory of the Tycho Be careful to maintain the proper ownership and access permissions by using cp p when copying the file At boot time it will be copied to the etc directory of the system ramdisk thereby replacing the factory default configuration file BB Tycho GPS User Manual APPENDIX D 54 Tycho GPS User Manual EndRun ANE TECHNOLOGIES Appendix Timecode Formats A standard feature of your Tycho Frequency Reference is a single timecode output available at the rear panel BNC connector identified as AM CODE A DC shift timecode output is available via the optional Programmable TTL Output on the CPU Module The output code format is selectable via a console command See CpuOpts in Chapter 3 Control and Status Commands Each format is described below Time codes are commonly used to provide time information to external devices such as display
15. The fac tory default etc snmpd conf file contains commented blocks of lines that can be uncommented to give you a basic configuration that uses the User based Security Model USM described in RFC 2274 and the View based Access Control Model VACM described in RFC 2275 The comments included in the file should help you in modifying it for your specific requirements 49 Tycho GPS User Manual APPENDIX C 50 Tycho GPS User Manual Linux Operating System EndRun ANE TECHNOLOGIES AppendixD Security Your Tycho Frequency Reference incorporates several important security features to prevent unau thorized tampering with its operation Many of these are standard multiple user access control fea tures of the underlying Linux operating system which controls the Tycho Others are provided by the additional protocol servers selected for inclusion in your Tycho and the way that they are configured Secure user authentication and session privacy while performing routine monitoring and mainte nance tasks are provided by the OpenSSH implementations of the secure shell daemon sshd and its companion secure copy utility sep The NET SNMP implementation of the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP daemon snmpd conforms to the latest Internet standard known as SNMPv3 which also supports secure user authentication and session privacy This appendix de scribes these security measures and gives the advanced network admini
16. Using Telnet When establishing a te1net connection with your Tycho logging in directly as root 1s not permit ted This is a security measure that makes it slightly more difficult to gain access by simply trying passwords since it is also necessary to know the name of a user When you initiate a telnet session with the Tycho this banner will be displayed kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Welcome to Tycho GPS telnet console on gsys your domain kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk gsys login Here you may log in as gsysuser with password Praecis When logged in as gsysuser you may check status information and view log files but you will not be able to modify any system settings or view secure files After correctly entering the password at this prompt 14 Tycho GPS User Manual Connecting Instruments to the Tycho BASIC INSTALLATION Password the sign on message is shown It identifies the host system as Tycho GPS and shows the software part number version and build date Tycho GPS 6010 0004 000 v 1 00 Wed May 16 14 17 44 UTC 2002 Tycho GPS rootQGgsys This last line is the standard Tycho shell prompt The Tycho uses the bash shell which is the Linux standard full featured shell After configuring the unit you should change the passwords using the gsyspasswd command issued from the shell prompt To gain ro
17. character is transmitted during the first milli second of each second The output starts automatically on power up To configure this output refer to Chapter 3 for details on the cpusertime and cpusertimeconfig commands There are several different formats for this string The format baud rate and parity can all be changed via console command cpusertimeconfig Baud rate selections are 57600 19200 9600 and 4800 Parity selections are odd even and none Format selections are Sysplex Truetime End Run EndRunX and NENA Sysplex Format Sysplex means SYStem comPLEX and is a term used to describe computing on clusters of comput ers The Sysplex option is designed to provide time synchronization for an IBM Sysplex Timer It can also be used for precise time synchronization by any computers that do not use NTP and have an available serial port connection The time contained in this string format is always UTC time The following string is sent once each second 32 Tycho GPS User Manval REAR PANEL OUTPUT OPTIONS lt SOH gt DDD HH MM SSO lt CR gt lt LF gt lt SOH gt is the ASCII Start of Header character 0x01 DDD is the day of year is the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day MM is the minute of the hour SS is the second of the minute Q is the time quality indicator and may be either lt space gt ASCII space character 0x20 which indicates locked 7 ASCII guestion mark 0x3F which indicates the unsy
18. the inexperienced user of Unix like operating systems These are accessconfig and inetdcon fig 51 Tycho GPS User Manval OpenSSH APPENDIX D accessconfig modifies two files which are used by tcpd and the standalone daemons snmpd and sshd to determine whether or not to grant access to a requesting host etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny These two files may contain configuration information for a number of protocol servers but in the Tycho only access control to the protocol server daemons in telnetd sshd and snmpd is configured As shipped from the factory these two files are empty When the user runs accesscon ig these lines are added to the etc hosts deny file in telnetd ALL sshd ALL snmpd ALL This tells tcpd to deny access to in te1netd and sshd to all hosts not listed in the etc hosts allow file The snmpd and sshd daemons also parse this file prior to granting access to a requesting host Then the user is prompted to enter a list of hosts that will be granted access to in telnetd sshd and snmpd These appear in the etc hosts allow as lines like this in telnetd 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 3 sshd 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 3 snmpd 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 3 This simple shell script handles the needs of most users however the syntax of these two files sup ports elaborate configuration possibilities which are beyond the capabilites of this simple shell script Advanced users who need these capabilities will need to e
19. If the condition persists after check ing the antenna downlead for obvious faults this 1s a fatal fault and the unit should be returned to the factory for repair The example response indicates that there has been a period without tracking a GPS signal that ex ceeded the time out period that there was a FLASH Write Fault and that there 1s an Antenna Fault Query gpsstat Tycho response LOCKED TFOM 4 2001 092 04 48 56 347916732 13 13 2 7 28605 41 6 008A gpstrkstat This command displays the current GPS subsystem satellite tracking status A list of eight satellite numbers is displayed one for each receiver channel Satellite number 0 is an invalid number and indicates that no satellite is being tracked on that channel Valid satellite numbers range from 1 to 32 23 Tycho GPS User Manval CHAPTER THREE Ouery gpstrkstat Tycho response CURRENT SVs TRKD 08 11 13 22 31 00 00 00 gpsversion This command displays the firmware and hardware versions of the GPS subsystem Ouery gpsversion Tycho response F W 1 00 FPGA 0202 gsyshwaddr This command displays the ethernet hardware address if the IP network is properly configured Oth erwise it returns nothing Ouery gsyshwaddr Tycho response 00 D0 C9 25 78 59 gsysosctype This command displays the installed oscillator type It is one of TCXO MS OCXO HS OCXO or Rubidium The standard oscillator is the TCXO Ouery gsysosctype Tycho response Installed Oscillator is TCXO
20. Set accessconfig Tycho response Interactive shell script is started antfltmask This command displays the current setting for the Antenna Fault Mask Query antfltmask Tycho response Antenna Fault is ENABLED cpuopts This command displays the current settings for the installed CPU Module outputs Query cpuopts Tycho response CPU Option 1PPS is installed Current setting 20 microseconds CPU Option TIME CODE is installed Current Setting IRIG B122 cpuoptsconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the root user to change the settings of any installed CPU Module output The user selectable outputs are 1PPS AM Code and the optional Prog TTL and Synthesizer Set cpuoptsconfig Tycho response Interactive shell script is started cpusertime This command displays the current settings for the optional Serial Time Output Ouery cpusertime Tycho response Current Serial Time Output Baud Rate Setting 9600 Current Serial Time Output Format Setting Sysplex Current Serial Time Output Parity Setting Odd cpusertimeconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the root user to change the settings of the optional Serial Time Output The user selectable outputs are the format Sysplex Truetime End Run EndRunX and NENA the baud rate 4800 9600 19200 57600 and the parity ODD EVEN or NONE Set cpusertimeconfig Tycho response Interactive shell script is started
21. This manual will guide you through simple installation and set up procedures Introduction The Tycho how it works where to use it its main features Basic Installation How to connect configure and test your Tycho Console Port Description of the Linux console commands for use over the network and serial ports If you detect any inaccuracies or omissions please inform us EndRun Technologies cannot be held responsible for any technical or typographical errors and reserves the right to make changes to the product and manuals without prior notice Warranty This product manufactured by EndRun Technologies is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of two years from date of shipment under normal use and service During the warranty period EndRun Technologies will repair or replace products which prove to be defec tive For warranty service or repair this product must be returned to EndRun Technologies Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to EndRun Technologies and EndRun Technologies shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer However Buyer shall pay all shipping charges duties and taxes for products returned to EndRun Technologies from another country Products not manufactured by EndRun Technologies but included as an integral part of a system e g peripherals options are warranted for ninety days or longer as provided by the original equipment manufacturer from date of shipmen
22. copying it to boot etc rc d Net SNMP By default snmpd is factory configured to listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses This may be changed by editing etc rc d rc local and modifying the agent address argument passed to snmpd at start up and then copying it to boot etc rc d 57 Tycho GPS User Manval APPENDIX F IPv6 Capable syslog ng To enable remote syslogging to an IPv6 host you will need to edit the new etc syslog ng conf file and copy it to boot etc At boot time the presence of both the syslog ng daemon and the boot etc syslog ng conf file will cause the new IPv6 capable syslog ng daemon to be started instead of the previous syslogd klogd pair of daemons These two files remain on the system for backward compatibility with customers existing etc syslog conf setups but they are not IPv6 capable If you are not currently directing your system logs to a remote host or you are not using IPv6 then there is little need or benefit to changing to syslog ng IPv4 Only Protocols There are several protocols which are not IPv6 capable telnet client and server tp and dhcpcd Due to their intrinsic insecurity telnet and tp are repidly being deprecated and prob ably have little business running over an IPv6 network The address autoconfiguration capabilities of IPv6 make the DHCP protocol less important however it is likely that the new dhcpv6 capability will appear in a future upgrade 58 Tycho GPS User Manval EndRun
23. disable start up of some or all of these e g for security reasons you must run this script as roof from either the RS 232 serial I O port or from a telnet or ssh session This script modifies the etc inetd conf file which is non volatilely stored in the FLASH disk boot efc directory You must re boot the Tycho after running this script for the changes to take effect Set inetdconfig Tycho response Interactive shell script is started netconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the user to configure the IP network subsystem of the Tycho By default the unit is configured to configure itself using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP If you need to set up static IP configuration you must run this script as roof from the RS 232 serial I O port during the installation process Refer to Chapter 2 Using netconfig to Set Up Your IP for details on the use of the command 25 Tycho GPS User Manval CHAPTER THREE This script creates or modifies these files etc HOSTNAME etc hosts etc networks etc resolv conf and etc rc d rc inet1 All of these are non volatilely stored in the FLASH disk boot etc directory You must re boot the Tycho after running this script for the changes to take effect Set netconfig Tycho response Interactive shell script is started oscctrlstat This command displays the current settings for the oscillator control parameters These parameters are used to discipline
24. i e 10 MPPS 67 Tycho GPS User Manval APPENDIX H Optional Programmable Digital Buffer Module Outputs See Chapter 6 Optional Rear Panel Outputs for more information Also refer to the pluginopts and pluginoptsconfig commands in Chapter 3 Control and Status Commands Ouantity Four outputs On Time Pulse Rates Drive TTL into 500 Duty Cycle 50 Rate User selectable to 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 5M 10M PPS Alignment Within 10 ns of the other TTL outputs in this unit except the optional DDS Stability See Stability Allan Deviation Table below Digital Timecode Drive TTL into 500 DC level shift Format User selectable to IRIG B 000 IEEE 1344 002 003 NASA 36 or 2137 Alignment Within 10 ns of the other TTL outputs in this unit except the optional DDS Synthesized Rate 1 PPS to 10 MPPS in 1 PPS steps with optional DDS Upgrade Connector Rear panel BNC jack Optional Analog Timecode Buffer Module Outputs See Chapter 6 Optional Rear Panel Outputs for more information Also refer to the cpuopts and cpuoptsconfig commands in Chapter 3 Control and Status Commands and Appendix E Time code Formats Ouantity Four outputs Signal Amplitude modulated AM 3 1 ratio 1 kHz carrier Drive 1 Vrms into 500 User Selectable Formats IRIG B120 IEEE 1344 IRIG B122 IRIG B123 NASA36 or 2137 Connector Rear panel BNC jack Optional Low Phase Noise Outputs See Chapter 4 Rear Panel Output Optio
25. locating the receiver measurements of the times of arrival of transmissions from at least four satellites are needed For accurate time transfer to a receiver at a known position recep tion of the transmissions from a single satellite is sufficient The GPS system designers defined system time to be GPS time GPS time is maintained by an ensemble of high performance cesium beam atomic freguency standards located on the earth s surface GPS time is measured relative to UTC as maintained by the United States Naval Observa tory USNO and maintained synchronous with UTC USNO except that it does not suffer from the periodic insertion of leap seconds Such discontinuities would unnecessarily complicate the system s navigation mission Contained in the data transmitted from each satellite is the current offset between GPS time and UTC USNO This offset is composed of the current integer number of leap seconds difference and a small residual error that is typically less than 10 nanoseconds Each satellite in the constellation contains redundant cesium beam or rubidium vapor atomic freguen cy standards These provide the timebase for all transmissions from each satellite These transmis sions are monitored from ground stations located around the world and carefully measured relative to GPS time The results of these measurements for each satellite are then uploaded to that satellite so that they may be incorporated into the data contained in its transm
26. mtd Giving out device 5 to Tempus UPGRADE rootfs 0x00fe0000 0x01000000 Tempus Hi BootLdr mtd Giving out device 6 to Tempus Hi BootLdr NET4 Linux TCP IP 1 0 for NET4 0 IP Protocols ICMP UDP TCP IGMP IP routing cache hash table of 512 buckets 4Kbytes TCP Hash tables configured established 2048 bind 2048 NET4 Unix domain sockets 1 0 SMP for Linux NET4 0 mtdblock_open ok 9 Tycho GPS User Manual CHAPTER TWO RAMDISK Compressed image found at block 0 mtdblock release ok VFS Mounted root ext2 filesystem Freeing unused kernel memory 68k freed INIT version 2 76 booting etc rc d rc S bin is a directory mtdblock open ok mtdblock open ok Loading GPS Fri Aug 20 00 53 54 2004 0 707128 seconds 2004 Setting system time using hwclock INIT Entering runlevel 3 Entering multiuser Attempting to configure eth0 by contacting a DHCP server At this point if you do not have a DHCP server configured on your network the unit will time out and print these messages Tycho GPS DHCP Client was unable to find the DHCP Server Fix the problem and re boot or set up static IP address by running netconfig dnsdomainname Host name lookup failure none Then these messages are printed in either case Disabling IPv4 packet forwarding Starting daemons syslogd klogd inetd Starting the System Time daemon Starting the SNMP daemon Starting the system logfile manager Starting the system
27. periods you should see the TFOM character change to indicate a gradually deteriorating accuracy of the timing outputs If the signal loss condition persists longer then the final unsynchronized state will eventually be reached Ifthe Tycho is unable to achieve re synchronization within one hour after reaching this state the red LED will illuminate The fault status field returned in the gpsstat command will have the appropriate bit set to indicate a loss of signal time out condition 37 Tycho GPS User Manval APPENDIX A 38 Tycho GPS User Manual What You Need To Perform the Upgrade Performing the Linux Upgrade EndRun ANE A TECHNOLOGIES Appendix Upgrading the Firmware Periodically EndRun Technologies will make bug fixes and enhancements to our products available for download from our website All such downloads are freely available to our customers without charge After you have downloaded the appropriate FLASH binary image file from the EndRun Tech nologies website you are ready to perform the upgrade to your Tycho The firmware consists of two FLASH binary image files One of these is the firmware for the Tycho itself This firmware executes on the IBM compatible CPU and contains the embedded Linux operat ing system The other file is the firmware for the GPS time and frequency subsystem Each of these files may be upgraded independently although some upgrades require both images to be modified together You will
28. rate until the data is fully decoded and the local oscillator is fully locked to the GPS freguency Note If your unit has an oscil lator upgrade MS OCXO or Rb then it will need 5 10 minutes of warmup before trying to acguire a signal 4 Then the green Sync Status LED will pulse at precisely a 1 Hz rate synchronized to UTC seconds with a short on duration relative to the off duration At this point the GPS time and freguency engine has fully synchronized and you may proceed to permanently mount the chassis and antenna in their desired locations If you are unable to achieve GPS lock after 24 hours call Customer Support 1 877 749 3878 for assistance FCC NOTICE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruc tion manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmul interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense Mount the Tycho Using standard 19 rack mounting hardware mount the unit in the desired location After mounting the unit and
29. started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way to print or display an announce ment including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty or else saying that you provide a warranty and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions and telling the user how to view a copy of this License Exception if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement your work based on the Program is not reguired to print an announcement These reguirements apply to the modified work as a whole If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program or w
30. the Program independent of having been made by running the Program Whether that is true depends on what the Program does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program s source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Program and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions a You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is de 60 Tycho GPS User Manual THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE rived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License c If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run you must cause it when
31. the currently configured default root file system is shown Set updaterootflag 1 Tycho response UPGRADE is the default root file system Ouery updaterootflag 2 Tycho response UPGRADE is the default root file system upgradegps This script allows the user to upgrade the GPS subsystem firmware It requires one argument the path to the binary file to be uploaded to the GPS engine It issues the commands over the serial port to the GPS subsystem that are needed to start the X modem file transfer and then displays the responses from the GPS subsystem to the console When the X modem C character appears indicating that the GPS subsystem is ready to receive the file you must hit the ENTER key and 28 Tycho GPS User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS the transfer will begin After about one minute it should complete at which point you should see the GPS subsystem boot messages appear on the console From these you will be able to verify that the firmware was successfully upgraded In the example console output below lines which begin with are generated by the upgradegps script All other lines are from the GPS subsystem with the exception of the shell message indicat ing that the process cat lt dev arm_user has been terminated which is normal In this example the C character was received three times before the user hit the lt ENTER gt key to begin the transfer The last three lines are the boot messages th
32. the needed information and perform some syntax checking on your inputs Then it will create or modify the appropriate files needed to configure the ethernet interface The following sections will guide you in setting up communications with the Tycho using its RS 232 serial I O port Connect the RS 232 Serial 1 0 Port You will need to use the RS 232 serial I O port if your network does not support the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP In that case you must be able to configure the Tycho network parameters manually using the Linux console shell interface which is provided by this serial I O port Under certain conditions you may also need to use the RS 232 serial I O port if you encounter a problem while upgrading the firmware in your Tycho 7 Tycho GPS User Manual CHAPTER TWO To test serial communications with the Tycho you will need either a VT100 compatible terminal or a terminal emulation program running on your computer We will refer to either of these as terminal for the remainder of this instruction 1 Disconnect power from the Tycho 2 Connect one end of the DB9F to DB9F null modem adapter cable to the serial I O jack on the Tycho 3 Connect the other end of the DB9F to DB9F null modem adapter cable to the terminal If the serial I O port on your terminal does not have a DB9M connector you may need to use an adapter Refer to Chapter 3 RS 232 Serial I O Port Signal Definitions for details on the signal wiring
33. the oscillator The command formats the data and prints this fixed length string having these fields Oscctrlstat LKSTAT COAST ESTERR MEASERR TIMEDEV AGERATE TAU TEMP Where LKSTAT is the GPS subsystem control status either acguiring locking or locked COAST is the number of seconds in coast mode unlocked ESTERR is the estimated time error when in coast mode in seconds MEASERR is the last measured time offset while locked in seconds TIMEDEV is the time deviation TDEV of measurements in seconds AGERATE is the regression computed oscillator ageing rate per day several hour delay before the first measurements are displayed TAU is the oscillator control loop averaging time constant in seconds TEMP is the internal temperature in C for OCXO and Rubidium oscillators only Ouery oscctrlstat Tycho response Oscctrlstat LED 0 2 72e 09 2 72e 09 1 23e 09 0 00 00 235 2 524332 999 999 pluginopts This command displays the current settings for any installed option boards Ouery pluginopts Tycho response Digital Buffer 2001 0004 012 NC is installed Port A Current Setting 10M PPS Port B Current Setting 5M PPS Port C Current Setting 10 PPS Port D Current Setting 10 PPS pluginoptsconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the root user to change the settings of any installed user selectable option board outputs The user selectable outputs are all board specific For more i
34. this could be used scp p gpsupgrade bin root gsys your domain tmp Now issue the following command to the Tycho console to initiate the upload upgradegps tmp gpsupgrade bin This command is a script that performs the file transfer to the GPS engine It first tells the GPS en gine to enter the waiting for download mode and then prompts you with this line When you see the C character hit enter to begin the upload Then it echos the serial port characters sent by the GPS engine to the console You should next see this message from the GPS engine Waiting for download using XMODEM 128 or XMODEM 1K both with CRC Control X will abort download After about 3 seconds you should see a capital C character appear When you do hit the lt enter gt key Now the script will initiate the XMODEM file transfer and display this message to the console 42 Tycho GPS User Manual Problems with the GPS Upgrade UPGRADING THE FIRMWARE Starting file upload should take about 60 seconds After about one minute you should see this message from the script sbin upgradegps line 26 27618 Terminated cat lt dev arm user You should see the GPS sub system startup message now If not you may need to check your binary file and re perform the procedure The first message should be ignored It is only reporting that one of the intermediate processes of the script execution has been terminated The next message info
35. upgradekernel tmp newkernelimage The kernel upgrade utility verifies the integrity of the file reads the kernel version information pres ents it to you and asks you to verify before replacing the old kernel image If you verify it will then 41 Tycho GPS User Manval Performing the GPS Upgrade APPENDIX B erase the old image and write the new one in its place The erase and write operation takes about 10 seconds A power failure during the kernel erase and write operation would render your unit unbootable It is highly advisable to plug your unit into a UPS while performing the kernel upgrade To perform this upgrade log in as the roof user to the Tycho using either the local console serial I O port telnet or ssh and perform these operations Change the working directory to the tmp directory cd tmp If you are using tp to perform the upgrade transfer the previously downloaded file using binary transfer mode from the remote host to the working directory tmp substitute the name of the GPS subsystem image that your are installing for gpsupgrade bin ftp remote_host perform ftp login on remote host bin set transfer mode to binary get gpsupgrade bin transfer the file guit close the ftp session after the transfer If you are using ssh you may open another command window on the remote computer and securely transfer the GPS subsystem image to the tmp directory using sep from the remote computer A com mand like
36. 00 Santa Rosa CA 95401 U S A DECLARES THAT THE PRODUCT Product Name 1 Network Time Servers and 2 Time amp Freguency Standards Model Number 1 Tempus LX GPS Tempus LX CDMA Unison GPS Unison CDMA and 2 Tycho GPS Tycho CDMA CONFORMS TO THE FOLLOWING EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES RTTE Directive 99 5 EC Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EC EMC Directive 89 336 EC With Amendment 93 68 EC Supplementary Information Safety EN 60950 1992 A1 A2 1993 A3 1995 A4 1997 A11 1998 EMC EN 55024 1998 A1 2000 and A2 2003 EN61000 3 2 2000 EN61000 3 3 1995 wi A1 2001 EN55022 1998 Class A VCCI April 2004 Class A FCC Part 15 Subpart B Class A ICES 003 Class A Year Mark First Applied 2004 I the undersigned hereby declare that the equipment spceificd above conforms to the above Directives and Standards Place Santa Rosa California USA Signature LOY i Date December 22 2004 Full Name David J Lobsinger Position Hardware Engineerin 70 Tycho GPS User Manual SPECIFICATIONS 71 Tycho GPS User Manual APPENDIX H 72 Tycho GPS User Manual Easy Field Installable Upgrade Freedom of Choice Performing the Upgrade EndRun e TECHNOLOGIES Appendix Software Release Notes for Previous Tycho Users Version 2 60 of the Linux root file system RFS and the new IPv6 capable Linux 2 4 31 IPV6 kernel are now shipping in new products Both files are also available for downl
37. 41 000 Linux Kernel v2 4 26 1 0 Wed Aug 18 17 28 45 UTC 2004 BIOS provided physical RAM map BIOS 88 0000000000000000 000000000009f000 usable BIOS 88 0000000000100000 0000000002000000 usable 32MB LOWMEM available On node 0 totalpages 8192 zone 0 4096 pages zone 1 4096 pages zone 2 0 pages DMI not present Kernel command line config 11000001 initjffs 0 console ttyS0 19200 root dev 8 Tycho GPS User Manval BASIC INSTALLATION mtdblock4 load ramdisk 1 rw Initializing CPUHO Calibrating delay loop 66 96 BogoMIPS Memory 30784k 32768k available 812k kernel code 1596k reserved 162k data init Ok highmem Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode Ok Dentry cache hash table entries 4096 order 3 32768 bytes Inode cache hash table entries 2048 order 2 16384 bytes Mount cache hash table entries 512 order 0 4096 bytes Buffer cache hash table entries 1024 order 0 4096 bytes Page cache hash table entries 8192 order 3 32768 bytes CPU AMD 486 DX 4 WB stepping 04 Checking hlt instruction OK POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX PCI Using configuration type 1 PCI Probing PCI hardware PCI Probing PCI hardware bus 00 Linux NET4 0 for Linux 2 4 Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3 039 Initializing RT netlink socket Starting kswapd JFFS2 version 2 1 C 2001 Red Hat Inc designed by Axis Communications AB 68k Ser
38. B Digital Timecode Formats If you have selected timecode as the output on the Digital Buffer Module then its format will be the same format as that on the standard CPU Module AM Code connector This format can be changed via console command cpuoptsconfig see Chapter 3 Direct Digital Synthesizer DDS An additional upgrade to the Programmable Digital Buffer Module provides access to the DDS that is resident on the Tycho CPU module Programmable synthesized pulse rates from 1 PPS to 10 MPPS in 1 PPS steps are available including 1 544 MPPS or 2 048 MPPS The pulse rate is phase locked to the system oscillator However the DDS output is not aligned with system time If your Tycho has this option available then it will show up as SYNTH in the list of available selec tions for the Programmable Digital Buffer outputs The actual synthesizer freguency that is resident on the Tycho CPU module is set via console command cpuoptscon ig see Chapter 3 Bho GPS User Manual CHAPTER FOUR Analog Timecode Buffer Module The Analog Timecode Buffer Module can provide synchronization of eguipment such as synchro nized generators digital fault recorders SCADA systems and time displays and are suitable for re cording onto magnetic tape or for transmission over another medium such as coaxial cable Available timecode formats are IRIG B120 IEEE 1344 IRIG B122 IRIG B123 NASA 36 or 2137 All four output connectors u
39. By factory default the Tycho will attempt to configure the ethernet interface automatically via the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP The Tycho will attempt to set the netmask its IP ad dress the IP address of the default gateway the domain name and the IP addresses of any nameserv ers if the DHCP server is configured to provide them You may optionally configure the Tycho to also set its hostname via DHCP if your DHCP server is configured to provide it You can do this by running a simple shell script called netcon ig after your unit is up on the network If your network does use DHCP for host configuration and you are in a hurry to get your Tycho up and running you may procede to Verifying Network Configuration to make sure that the network parameters were set up correctly Otherwise it is recommended that you read the following sections on use of the RS 232 serial I O port now since they will help you in debugging any problems that you may encounter with the automatic configuration via DHCP If your network does not use DHCP you will need to configure your ethernet interface using the RS 232 serial I O port The following sections contain brief descriptions on how to do that Configuring Ethernet with the Serial Port To configure your ethernet interface with the serial port after logging in as the root user you must run a simple shell script called netcon ig from the bash shell prompt This shell script will prompt you for
40. EndR MY n TECHNOLOGIES Tycho GPS Frequency Reference User Manual Tydio GPS Freguency Reference User Manual Preface Thank you for purchasing the Tycho Freguency Reference Our goal in developing this product is to bring you a precise time and freguency reference that will guickly easily and reliably meet or exceed your system reguirements Your new Tycho is fabricated using the highest guality materials and manufacturing processes available today and will give you years of troublefree service About EndRun Technologies EndRun Technologies is dedicated to the development and refinement of the technologies required to fulfill the demanding needs of the time and frequency community The instruments produced by EndRun Technologies have been selected as the timing reference for a variety of industries and applications computer networks satellite earth stations power utilities test ranges broadcast and telecommunications systems and more EndRun Technologies is committed to fulfilling your precision timing needs by providing the most advanced reliable and cost effective time and frequency equipment available in the market today Trademark Acknowledgements IBM PC Linux NotePad Timeserv UNIX Windows NT WordStar are registered trademarks of the respective holders Part No USM3021 0000 000 Revision 10 December 2007 Copyright EndRun Technologies 2005 2007 Tycho GPS User Manual About This Manual
41. GPS User Manual Performing an Initial Site Survey BASIC INSTALLATION Prog TTL Jack Option 10 MPPS or 100 PPS etc Option 1PPS RS 422 Option Serial Time Option Output Boards Options AC Power Input Jack DC Power Input Block This BNC connector provides the optional Programmable TTL pulse rate output and is usually not installed If installed see description in Chapter 4 Optional Rear Panel Outputs and signal definition in Appendix H Specifications This BNC connector provides an optional customer specified rate output and is usually not installed If installed it will be labeled for the appropriate rate such as 10 MPPS or 100 PPS etc This output is set at the factory and cannot be changed See details in Chapter 4 Optional Rear Panel Outputs and signal definition in Appendix H Specifications for the Fixed Rate Output This optional DB 9M connector provides the 1PPS output at RS 422 levels and is usually not installed The pulse width is normally 1 millisecond wide when shipped from the factory but can be changed via command cpuoptsconfig See pinout details in Appendix H Specifications for the 1PPS RS 422 Output This optional DB 9M connector provides the serial I O interface with a once per second ASCII time string output and 1s usually not installed For further information refer see description in Chapter 4 Optional Rear Panel Outputs and Appendix H Specifications Your T
42. Jf you are using a computer for your terminal remember which port you are using because you will need to know that in order to set up your terminal software Test the Serial Port You must configure your terminal to use the serial I O port you used in Connect the RS 232 Serial I O Port You must also configure your terminal to use the correct baud rate number of data bits parity type and number of stop bits Be sure to turn off any hardware or software handshaking The settings for the Tycho are 19200 is the Baud Rate 8 is the number of Data Bits None is the Parity 1 is the number of Stop Bits After configuring these parameters in your terminal apply power to the Tycho After about 20 sec onds your terminal should display a seguence of boot messages similar to these LLADDODD 6010 0040 000 Linux Bootloader v1 00 08 17 2004 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Default root file system FACTORY To override and boot the UPGRADE partition type UPGRADE within 5 seconds These lines are the Linux bootloader boot prompt This prompt will timeout after 5 seconds and the Linux kernel and the factory default Tycho root file system will be loaded When the Linux kernel is loaded from FLASH memory into RAM a long list of kernel generated informational messages is displayed as the kernel begins execution and the various device drivers are initialized Booting Linux with FACTORY root file system 6010 00
43. M connector on the rear panel of the Tycho is wired as shown below In order to connect the Tycho to another computer a null modem adapter must be used The serial cable pro vided with the shipment is wired as a null modem adapter and can be used to connect the Tycho to your computer 30 Tycho GPS User Manual EndRun A I TECHNOLOGIES CPU Module Options Chapter Four Optional Rear Panel Outputs Your Tycho Frequency Reference supports several output options via the CPU module and up to two additional option cards Status and user settings for the various output signals can be easily viewed and modified via the standard network port or the RS 232 serial port Standard rear panel configuration for the CPU module is the Antenna input the AM Code output the 1 PPS output the RS 232 connector and the ethernet connector Information for the standard outputs including getting status and control capability via the user interface is described in the main text of this manual Refer to Chapter 3 Control and Status Commands for details on the cpuopts and cpuoptsconfig commands In addition to the standard connectors the CPU module can be configured with optional outputs These optional outputs include a Programmable TTL Output a Synthesizer Output an Alarm Output and a second RS 232 serial port with a Serial Time Output ALARM PROG TTL RS 232 RECEIVER CPU VO PANEL 1 2 3 4 5 SLOTS ANTE
44. NCTION accessconfig Interactive shell script that guides the user in configuring telnet ssh and snmpd access to the Tycho that is limited to specific hosts The resulting etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny files are saved to the non volatile FLASH disk Factory default configuration allows access by all hosts cpuopts Returns the current settings for any installed user selectable outputs from the CPU Module These are 1PPS AM Code and the optional Programmable TTL Output cpuoptsconfig An interactive script that allows the user to modify the settings for the CPU Module outputs listed above cpusertimeconfig An interactive script that allows the user to modify the settings v M eraserootfs 1 Command to erase the UPGRADE root file system FLASH partition This must be executed prior to loading the new file system image during the Linux upgrade process Prints the GPS satellite tracking status to the console gpsversion Prints the GPS firmware and FPGA version information to the console gsyshwaddr Prints the ethernet hardware address 1f the ethernet has been configured gsysosctype Prints the installed oscillator type which is one of TCXO gsyspasswd Allows the root user to change the password for the two con figured users on the Tycho gsysuser and root This script calls the standard Linux passwd binary and then saves the resulting etc shadow file to the non volatile FLASH disk gsysrootfs Prints the current root file sys
45. NNA CODE 1PP J L ELI 00 D0 C9 55 69 FC Programmable TTL Output The Programmable TTL Output Option provides user selectable on time pulse rates from 1 PPS to 10 MPPS or a digital timecode The output signal can be programmed for any of the various selec tions via console command cpuoptsconfig Refer to Chapter 3 for details on the cpuopts and cpuoptsconfig commands For signal definition see Appendix H Specifications Direct Digital Synthesizer DDS The Programmable TTL Output Option may be upgraded with the addition of the Direct Digital Syn thesizer selection This option provides user selectable pulse rates from 1 PPS to 10 MPPS program mable in 1 PPS steps including 1 544 MPPS or 2 048 MPPS The selected pulse rate is phase locked to the system oscillator However the DDS output is not aligned with system time If your Tycho has this option available then it will show up as SYNTH in the list of available selec tions for the Programmable TTL Output The actual synthesizer freguency is set via console command cpuoptsconfig see Chapter 3 For signal definition see Appendix H Specifications 31 Tycho GPS User Manval CHAPTER FOUR Fixed Rate TTL Output 10 MPPS etc The Fixed Rate Output Option provides an optional customer specified fixed rate output ranging from 1 PPS to 10 MPPS or a digital timecode The rear panel BNC will be labeled for the appropriate rate such a
46. PLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRAN TIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE OUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECES SARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 12 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REOUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAM AGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEOUENTIAL DAM AGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 63 Tycho GPS User Manual APPENDIX G 64 Tycho GPS User Manual EndRun TECHNOLOGIES Appendix Specifications GPS Receiver L1 Band 1575 42 MHz 8 Channels C A Code Antenna TNC jack on rear panel Zin 200 Integral 35 dB gain LNA with bandpass filter for out of band interference rejection Rugged all weather housing capable of operation over 409C to 85 C temperature extremes Mounting via 18 long 74 PVC pipe with stainless steel clamps 50 low loss RG 59
47. Write FPGA Config No Signal DAC Control Fault Fault Time Out Over Range No Polling Events Time Input Fault GPS Comm Fault DAC Control Over Range This bit indicates that the electronic frequency control DAC for the oscillator has reached either the high 55000 or low 10000 limit while locked to the GPS sig 22 Tycho GPS User Manval CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS nal Unless the unit is being subjected to out of specification environmental conditions this would indicate that the oscillator freguency has drifted near to the end of life region This should normally only occur after about ten years of operation The unit will continue to function until the oscillator freguency finally reaches one of the actual DAC endpoints The unit should be returned to the factory for oscillator replacement at the customer s convenience Note The value referred to here is the upper 16 bits of a 20 bit DAC value No Signal Time Out This bit indicates that the unit has not been able to acquire a GPS signal for one hour while the Time Figure of Merit has been 9 the unsynchronized condition This could be due to a variety of reasons If there are no other faults that could explain the inability to receive a signal then there could be an or antenna failure or blockage If the condition persists indefinitely and a problem with the antenna is not evident the unit may need to be returned to the factory for repair FPGA Config Fault This bit indicates that t
48. al Linux Shell Operation Chapter Three Control and Status Commands This chapter describes the Tycho control and status commands The Tycho supports several applica tion specific commands for performing initialization setup and for monitoring the performance and status of the unit You do not need knowledge of Linux commands in order to operate the Tycho However the Tycho does support a subset of the standard Linux shell commands and utilities A wealth of information is available from a variety of sources on Linux Only the Tycho specific com mands will be described in this chapter The serial I O port physical and electrical characteristics are defined as well You do not need to know Linux in order to operate the Tycho However for those interested the command shell used by the Tycho is the Linux standard bash All commands and file names are case sensitive which is standard for Unix like operating systems If you are unfamiliar with Unix like operating systems and you would like to be able to more closely monitor or optimize the perfor mance of your Tycho you should consult either the web http www linuxdoc org or good Linux reference books like Linux in a Nutshell Seiver O Reilly amp Associates 1999 Running Linux Welsh Dalheimer amp Kaufman O Reilly amp Associates 1999 to learn the ins and out of the Linux command console 17 Tycho GPS User Manual CHAPTER THREE Available User Commands COMMAND FU
49. ame of the root file system image that you are installing for rootfsupgrade gz Issue these commands from the console of your Tycho ftp remote host perform ftp login on remote host bin set transfer mode to binary get rootfsupgrade gz dev rootfs_1 transfer the file guit close the ftp session after transfer If you are using ssh you may open a command window on the remote computer and securely trans fer the root file system image using scp from the remote computer to your Tycho A command like this should be used scp p rootfsupgrade gz root gsys your domain dev rootfs_ 1 Update the default file system partition by issuing this command on your Tycho updaterootflag 1 You should see this line displayed UPGRADE is the default root file system Now reboot the system by issuing this command at the shell prompt shutdown r now Wait about 30 seconds for the system to shutdown and re boot Then log in to the Tycho using te1 net or ssh If all has gone well you should be able to log in the usual way After you have entered your password the system message will be displayed You should notice that it now indicates the software version and date of the upgrade that you previously downloaded You can also check this at any time by issuing gsysversion which will cause the system message to be re displayed You can also check to see which root file system image the system is currently booted under by issu ing this command a
50. ask MASKED Tycho response Signal Loss Fault Mask set to MASKED settfomfltmask This command allows the user to change the TFOM Fault Level This is the threshold at which a signal loss fault will be asserted See Appendix A Time Figure of Merit for more information By changing the TFOM Fault Level you control the point at which the time error will produce a signal loss fault which then creates an alarm condition The factory default setting is 9 which is the maxi mum TFOM value Set settfomfltlvl 6 Tycho response TFOM Fault Level set to 6 sigfltmask This command displays the current setting for the Signal Loss Fault Mask Query sigfltmask Tycho response Signal Loss Fault is ENABLED tfomfltlvi This command displays the current setting for the TFOM Fault Level Query tfomfltlvl Tycho response 9 updaterootflag This command allows the user to update the configuration of the Linux bootloader after a new root file system image has been uploaded to the UPGRADE root file system partition dev rootfs 1 of the Tycho FLASH disk It may also be used to reset the default back to the FACTORY root file system partition Refer to Appendix B Upgrading the Firmware for detailed instructions for performing the upgrade procedure One argument is accepted whose value is either 0 or 1 causing a flag to be set that will indicate to the bootloader which root file system image should be loaded by default If an argument value of 2 is given then
51. at are sent by the GPS subsystem as it comes up The firmware version should match that of the binary file that was uploaded See Performing the GPS Upgrade in Appendix B Upgrading the Firmware for more information Set upgradegps tmp 6010 0020 000 bin Tycho response When you see the C character hit enter to begin the upload Waiting for download using XMODEM 128 or XMODEM 1K both with CRC Control X will abort download ccc Starting file upload should take about 60 seconds sbin upgradegps line 26 27618 Terminated cat lt dev arm user You should see the GPS subsystem startup message now If not you may need to check your binary file and re perform the procedure Tempus Bootloader 6010 0050 000 v 1 00 May 28 2004 17 31 05 FW 6010 0020 000 v 1 00 Aug 18 2004 10 47 41 FPGA 6020 0005 000 v 0202 upgradekernel This script allows the user to change the Linux kernel firmware It requires one argument the path to the file to be uploaded to the Tycho Changing the Linux kernel firmware will enable IPv6 opera tion and should only be done if you have a reguirement for IPv6 See Appendix F IPv6 Informa tion and Performing the Linux Kernel Upgrade in Appendix B Upgrading the Firmware for more information Set upgradekernel tmp newkernelimage Tempus LX response Interactive shell script is started 29 Tycho GPS User Manual CHAPTER THREE RS 232 Serial 1 0 Port Signal Definitions The RS 232 DB9
52. at used to amplitude modulate a 1000 kHz sine wave carrier The information contained in the timecode is seconds minutes and hours The format is used by certain security organizations 5 Tycho GPS User Manual APPENDIX E IEEE 1344 Bit Definition Bit Position Bit Definition Explanation P50 Year BCD P52 P53 P54 P55 P56 P57 P58 P59 P61 P62 P63 P64 P65 Y Dana TN SSS ATI Lm LLedomebmy ee OOOO Per ie qual mary _ Pers im quatty binary _ Pera Time quality binary SSCS reps Ems mo Refer to Appendix A Time Figure of Merit for detailed information Briefly 56 4 00 10 tA time error is lt 1 us time error is lt 10 us time error is 100 us time error is lt 1 ms time error is lt 10 ms time error is gt 10 ms unsynchronized state if never locked to GPS Tycho GPS User Manual Enabling New lPv6 Capabilities EndRun ANE TECHNOLOGIES Appendix IP v6 Information EndRun Technologies understands that IPv6 is still in the experimental stage with essentially no mainstream deployment Customers who are not interested in IPv6 need not burden your system with it You have a choice of an IPv4 only kernel recommended or the IPv4 IPv6 kernel You may freely change this at any time with an easy software downloa
53. at you have corrected any original problem with the binary file First kill the cat command by typing CTRL C You should see a command prompt Now issue this command to re transfer the binary file upgradegps tmp gpsupgrade bin 43 Tycho GPS User Manual APPENDIX B 44 Tycho GPS User Manual EndRun A I TECHNOLOGIES SNMPv3 Security Enterprise Management Information Base MIB AppendixC Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP Your Tycho includes the NET SNMP version 5 3 1 implementation of an SNMP agent snmpd and a SNMP notification trap generation utility snmptrap It supports all versions of the protocol in use today SNMPvl the original Internet standard SNMPv2c never reached standard status often called community SNMP and SNMPv3 the latest Internet standard The NET SNMP project has its roots in the Carnegie Mellon University SNMP implementation For more detailed information about the NET SNMP project and to obtain management software and detailed configuration information you can visit this website http www net snmp org An excellent book which describes operation and configuration of various SNMP managers and agents including the NET SNMP implementations is available from O Reilley amp Associates Essential SNMP Mauro amp Schmidt O Reilley amp Associates 2001 If you are planning to operate with SNMPv3 it is highly recommended that you make use of both of these resources
54. connecting the antenna cable verify that it still acquires and tracks a GPS signal Ground the unit properly with the supplied power cord Position the power cord so that you can easily disconnect it from the Tycho Do not install the Tycho where the operating ambient temperature might exceed 122 F 50 C Connecting the DC Power Option Connect the safety ground terminal to earth ground Connect the terminal to the positive output Tycho GPS User Manual BASIC INSTALLATION ec of the DC power source Connect the terminal to the negative output of the DC power source Note that the Tycho has a floating internal power supply therefore either the positive or negative output of the DC power source can be referenced to earth ground This unit will not operate if the connections are reversed however it will not be damaged by a reverse connection SHOCK ENERGY HAZARD Install in Restricted Access Location Use 10 14 AWG copper wire only Terminal block screw torque 9 in Ibs 1 nM Branch circuit must have circuit breaker 15A or less Install terminal block cover after wiring Connecting and Configuring Ethernet Connect one end of the CAT 5 patch cable supplied with your Tycho to the rear panel mounted RJ 45 connector labeled 10 100BASE T Connect the other end of the patch cable to your network through a straight port on your hub Do not connect it to a crossover port on your hub
55. cpuoptscon ig commands in Chapter 3 Control and Status Commands Also see Appendix E Timecode Formats Signal Amplitude modulated AM 3 1 ratio 1 kHz carrier Drive 1 Vrms into 500 User Selectable Formats IRIG B120 IEEE 1344 IRIG B122 IRIG B123 NASA36 or 2137 Connector Rear panel BNC labeled AM CODE Maintenance Console See RS 232 Serial I O Port Signal Definitions in Chapter 3 for more information RS 232 serial I O on rear panel DB9M jack for secure local terminal access Parameters fixed on 19200 baud 8 data bits no parity 1 stop bit Supported IPv4 Network Protocols SSH server with secure copy utility SCP SNMP v1 v2c v3 with Enterprise MIB TIME and DAYTIME server TELNET client server FTP client DHCP client SYSLOG Supported IPv6 Network Protocols SSH server with secure copy utility SCP SNMP v1 v2c v3 with Enterprise MIB TIME and DAYTIME server SYSLOG Power 90 264 VAC 47 63 Hz 0 5 A Max 120 VAC 0 25 A Max 240 VAC 110 370 VDC 0 5A Max a 120 VDC 3 Pin IEC 320 on rear panel 2 meter line cord is included DC Power option 38 72 Vdc 1 5A maximum 3 position terminal block on rear panel DC IN SAFETY GROUND DC IN Floating power input Either or can be connected to earth ground Size Chassis 1 75 H x 17 0 W x 10 75 D Antenna 3 5 Dia x 2 5 H Weight lt 5 lb 2 70 kg Environmental Operating Temperature 0 to 50 C
56. d from our website To determine which kernel resides in your Tycho GPS check the firmware version using the front panel keypad display Or you can use the console port command cat proc version An IPv4 only kernel will have a part number and version similar to 6010 0041 000 ver 2 4 26 1 An IPv4 IPv6 kernel will have a part number and version similar to 6010 0041 100 ver 2 4 31 IPv6 If you want to change your kernel please refer to Appendix B Upgrading The Firmware for instruc tions The following text refers to products with the IPv4 IPv6 kernel The presence of an IPv6 capable kernel will automatically enable most of the new IPv6 capabilities By default autoconfiguration of the ethernet interface via IPv6 Router Advertisements is enabled To disable acceptance of Router Advertisements or to configure a static IPv6 address and default IPv6 gateway you must either run the interactive netcon ig script or use the front panel keypad display Either method will allow you to configure your ethernet interface for both IPv4 and IPv6 operation Using the netconfig script has the advantage that you can also configure the hostname and domain name for the unit and any nameservers you may want it to have access to OpenSSH By default sshd is factory configured to listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses It may be forced to listen on either IPv4 only or IPv6 only by editing the etc rc d rc inet2 startup script where sshd is started and then
57. dit these two files directly and then copy them to the boot etc directory A very compact editor with WordStar command keystrokes is avail able on the system for this purpose edit If you start edit without giving 1t a file name to open it will display its help screen showing the supported keystrokes Be careful to maintain the proper ownership and access permissions by using cp p when copying the files inetdconfig modifies the etc inetd conf file which is read by inetd to start up various protocol server daemons when requests from remote hosts are received Currently three servers are configu rable via inetdconfig TIME and DAYTIME whose daemons are contained within the inetd daemon itself and in telnetd Any one or all of these may be enabled or disabled for start up The secure shell protocol server running in the Tycho is based on the portable OpenSSH for Linux As such it supports both SSH1 and SSH2 protocol versions For more information about this proto col and to obtain client software refer to the OpenSSH website http www openssh com An excellent book which describes operation and configuration of the various SSH implementations including OpenSSH is available from O Reilley amp Associates SSH The Secure Shell Barrett amp Silverman O Reilley amp Associates 2001 In the interest of conserving scarce system memory resources only the secure shell server daemon sshd and the secure copy utility sep are implement
58. downlead cable standard Extension cables and low noise pre amplifiers are available as options Local Oscillator TCXO is standard 2 5x10 over 20 to 70 C Medium Stability OCXO MS OCXO 4x10 over 0 to 70 C is option High Stability OCXO HS OCXO 1x10 over 0 to 70 C is option Time to Lock lt 5 minutes typical TCXO lt 10 minutes typical OCXO Network I O Rear panel RJ 45 jack AMD PC Net Fast III 10 100Base T ethernet System Status Indicator Sync LED Green LED pulses to indicate GPS lock status Network LED Amber LED indicates network activity Alarm LED Red LED indicates a serious fault condition 1 PPS Output To change the pulse width refer to the cpuopts and cpuoptscon ig ommands in Chapter 3 Con trol and Status Commands Signal Positive TTL pulse into 500 User Selectable Width 20 us I ms 100 ms 500 ms User Calibration 500 us 1 ns resolution Accuracy lt 20 nanoseconds RMS to GPS Time when locked lt 10 nanoseconds RMS to GPS Time when locked with 10 Nanosecond Calibration Option Stability TDEV lt 10 ns t lt 105 seconds lt 1 107 3 a 1 10 secs Connector Rear panel BNC labeled 1PPS lt 100 nanoseconds to UTC Constraints in the official GPS specification prohibit claiming an accuracy to UTC better than 100 nanoseconds Tycho GPS User Manual APPENDIX H Time Code Output To change the time code format refer to the cpuopts and
59. ed in the Tycho This means that users on remote hosts may log in to the Tycho via an ssh client but users logged in on the Tycho are unable to log in to a remote host via ssh Since scp runs in concert with an ssh client the same limitations 52 Tycho GPS User Manual SECURITY exist for its use i e users on remote hosts may transfer files to and from the Tycho via scp over ssh but users logged in on the Tycho are unable to transfer files to and from a remote host via scp over ssh The factory configuration contains a complete set of security keys for both SSH1 and SSH2 versions of the protocol RSA keys are supported by both versions and DSA keys are supported when using the SSH2 version In addition the Tycho is factory configured with a set of public keys for passwordless public key au thentication of the root user To use this capability the corresponding set of private keys for each of the two SSH versions are provided in the boot root directory of the Tycho Three files contain these keys identity SSH1 id rsa SSH2 and id dsa SSH2 These must be copied to the user s ssh directory on their remote computer Be careful to maintain the proper ownership and access permis sions by using cp p when copying the files They MUST be readable only by root The corre sponding public keys are by factory default resident in the root ssh directory of the Tycho Two files contain these keys authorized keys SSH1 and authorized keys2
60. entified on the shipping container Our policy is to fix or repair the unit within 5 business days If it is necessary to order parts or if other circumstances arise that reguire more than 5 days an EndRun service technician will contact you Repair After Warranty Expiration If the warranty period has expired we offer repair services for eguipment you have purchased from EndRun Call and ask for a customer service agent It is important to contact us first as many prob lems may be resolved with a phone call Please have the serial number of the unit and the nature of the problem available before you call If it is determined that the equipment has failed and you want EndRun to perform the repairs we will issue you an RMA number Ship the unit prepaid in the original container or a container of sufficient strength and protection to EndRun Technologies EndRun will not be responsible for damage incurred during shipping to us Customer is responsible for shipping costs to and from EndRun Technologies Be sure the RMA number is clearly identified on the shipping container After the eguipment has been received we will evaluate the nature of the problem and contact you with the cost to repair parts and labor and an estimate of the time neces sary to complete the work Limitation of Liability The remedies provided herein are Buyer s sole and exclusive remedies EndRun Technologies shall not be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or co
61. for the file readable only by root so be sure to use cp p when performing the copy During the boot process the files contained in the boot ete directory are cop ied to the working directory on the system RAM disk In this way the factory defaults are overwritten If you are planning to use SNMPv3 you should definitely make use of the two resources mentioned previously NET SNMP website and Essential SNMP and study them carefully There are rather elaborate configuration options available when you are using v3 The instruction presented here will 47 Tycho GPS User Manual APPENDIX C give you the flavor of the configuration but definitely not the full scope of possibilities To access your Tycho via v3 of SNMP you will have to configure two files etc snmpd conf boot net snmp snmpd conf The first file contains static configuration parameters that the agent uses to control access and to de termine where to send notifications traps Other aspects of the agent s operation are also configurable in this file but you should not need to modify those To use the SNMPv3 capabilities of the Tycho you must first set up user information and access limits for those users in etc snmpd conf Uncom ment and edit these two lines to define your v3 users and their access parameters rwuser root priv 1 rouser tychouser auth 1 3 6 1 4 1 13827 The first line defines a SNMPv3 read write user roof whose minimum security level will be authen
62. g Tycho GPS root gsys gt ifconfig etho Link encap Ethernet HWaddr 00 0E FE 00 00 34 inet addr 192 168 1 245 Bcast 192 168 1 247 Mask 255 255 255 248 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU 1500 Metric 1 RX packets 3779 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 727 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 100 Interrupt 5 Base address 0x300 lo Link encap Local Loopback inet addr 127 0 0 1 Mask 255 0 0 0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU 3924 Metric 1 RX packets 170 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 170 errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 txqueuelen 0 Pay particular attention to the settings shown for etho and in particular the Mask setting which should match that which is appropriate for your network Now check the remaining configuration parameters using route Tycho GPS root gsys gt route 13 Tycho GPS User Manual CHAPTER TWO Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface localnet 255 255 255 248 U 0 0 0 eth0 loopback 255 0 0 0 U 0 0 0 lo default 192 168 1 241 0 0 0 0 UG 1 0 0 eth0 Here you are interested in the default gateway address It should match the appropriate one for your network If so then the ethernet interface of your Tycho has been successfully configured to oper ate on your network and you are ready to check operation of the Tycho over the network If not you should re check your configuration and or repeat the ne
63. gsyspasswd This command allows the root user to change the passwords of the two configured users on the sys tem roof and gsysuser Arguments passed to gsyspasswd on the command line are passed verba tim to the real passwd binary program When passwd returns the resulting modified etc shadow file is copied to the non volatile boot etc directory Ouery gsyspasswd gsysuser Tycho response Passwd interactive utility is started gsysrootfs This command displays the currently booted root file system image It can be either TychoGPS_0 factory image or TychoGPS_1 field upgrade image Refer to Appendix B Upgrading the Firm ware for detailed instructions on performing the upgrade procedure Ouery gsysrootfs Tycho response BOOT_IMAGE TychoGPS_1 gsystimemode This command displays the current time mode settings for any optional timecode or Serial Time output The time mode setting can be UTC GPS or Local The Local Time Offset from UTC and the DST Start Stop parameters are only valid when the Time Mode is LOCAL A positive Local Time Offset implies a longitude east of the Greenwich Tycho and that local time is ahead of UTC Query gsystimemode Tycho response Time Mode LOCAL Local Time Offset from UTC 16 half hours DST Start Month Apr Sunday 1st Hour 02 DST Stop Month Oct Sunday Last Hour 02 24 Tycho GPS User Manval CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS gsystimemodeconfig This command starts an interactive shell scrip
64. he factory defaults are overwritten You should be able to compile the TYCHO MIB file on your SNMP management system and ac cess the variables defined therein The factory default community names are TychoGPS for the read only community and endrun 1 for the read write community This is all that is required for operation under v1 and v2c of SNMP You can and should change the default community names by editing etc snmpd conf and modifying these two lines rwcommunity endrun 1 rocommunity TychoGPS 46 Tycho GPS User Manual Configuring SNMPv1 Trap Generation Configuring SNMPv2c Notifications and Informs Configuration of SNMPv3 SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL SNMP To have your Tycho send SNMPvI traps RFC 1215 you must configure the community and destina tion for SNMPv1 traps by uncommenting and editing this line in etc snmpd conf trapsink trapcommunity trapport where trapcommuni ty should be replaced by your community and xxx XXX xxx xxx is the IP address or hostname of the destination host for receiving the traps generated by the Tycho By de fault the trap will be sent to port 162 You may optionally add another parameter trapport to the end of the above line to override the default port setting Otherwise leave it blank Note Though the agent will recognize multiple trapsink lines within etc snmpd conf and send the generic SNMP coldStart or authenticationFailure traps
65. he microprocessor was unable to configure the FPGA This would be a fatal fault and the unit should be returned to the factory for repair FLASH Write Fault This bit indicates that the microprocessor was unable to verify a write to the FLASH non volatile parameter storage area This should not ever occur under normal opera tion This fault would cause erratic operation at the next power cycling since important parameters could be corrupt The unit should be returned to the factory for repair GPS Comm Fault This bit indicates that the microprocessor is unable to establish commu nications with the GPS engine Please report this fault condition to the factory 1 877 749 3878 Time Input Fault This bit indicates that the microprocessor received an erroneous time input from the GPS engine If the condition persists please report it to the factory 1 877 749 3878 No Polling Events This bit indicates that the GPS timing subsystem is not receiving poll ing request from the Linux subsystem SYSTIMED daemon This could be due to a hardware or software failure If the condition persists after cycling the power to the unit this is a fatal fault and the unit should be returned to the factory for repair Antenna Fault This bit indicates that the GPS antenna or downlead cable has a fault It indicates either an over or under current condition Usually it means that the antenna downlead cable is not plugged into the connector on the rear of the Tycho
66. his ASCII file usr local share snmp mibs TY CHO MIB txt In addition to a complete set of GPS status objects the MIB defines two SMIv2 notification objects e GPS Fault Status change e GPS Time Figure of Merit change The SNMP daemon snmpd is started from the etc rc d rc local system start up script with this line snmpd m MIBNAME Ls d c etc snmpd conf By default it will listen on port 161 for SNMP queries from the network management system If you would like to have it listen on another port you could edit the file by adding p port to the end of this line where port is the number of the port you would like for the agent to listen on If you would like to disable starting of the snmpd daemon altogether you can either remove this line or place a character at the beginning of the line so that it will not be executed A very compact editor with WordStar command keystrokes is available on the system for this purpose edit If you start edit without giving it a file name to open it will display its help screen showing the supported keystrokes IMPORTANT After editing etc rc d rc local you must copy it to the boot etc rc d directory and re boot the system It is very important to retain the access mode for the file so be sure to use cp p when performing the copy During the boot process the files contained in the Poot etc rc d directory are copied to the work ing etc rc d directory on the system RAM disk In this way t
67. ho GPS User Manual CHAPTER FOUR EndRunX Extended Format The EndRunX format is identical to the EndRun format with the addition of two fields the cur rent leap second settings and the future leap second settings The following string is sent once each second TYYYY DDD HH MM SS zZZ m lt CR gt lt LF gt YY YY DDD HH MM SS ZZ CC FF lt CR gt lt LF gt NENA Format is the Time Figure of Merit TFOM character described in Appendix A TFOM This is the on time character transmitted during the first millisecond of each second is the year is the day of year is the colon character 0x3A is the hour of the day is the minute of the hour is the second of the minute is the sign of the offset to UTC implies time is ahead of UTC is the magnitude of the offset to UTC in units of half hours Non zero only when the Timemode is Local see Chapter 5 is the Timemode character and is one of G GPS L Local U UTC is the current leap seconds value is the future leap seconds value is the ASCII carriage return character 0x0D is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A NENA is the National Emergency Number Association This organization has adopted a format for use in PSAPs Public Safety Answering Points This format follows lt CR gt lt LF gt O DDD HH MM SS dTZ XX lt CR gt lt LF gt Q DDD HH MM SS TZ XX lt CR gt lt LF gt 34 is the time quality indicator and may be either lt
68. ial driver version 5 05c 2001 07 08 with MANY PORTS SHARE_IRQ SERIAL PCI enabled ttyS00 at 0x03f8 irq 4 is a 16550A ttyS01 at 0x02f8 irq 3 is a 16550A ttyS02 at 0x03e8 irq 0 is a ST16654 ttyS03 at 0x02e8 irg 3 is a ST16654 sc520_wdt CBAR 0x800df000 sc520_wdt MMCR Aliasing enabled sc520_wdt WDT driver for SC520 initialised RAMDISK driver initialized 16 RAM disks of 16384K size 1024 blocksize pcnet32 c v1 28 02 20 2004 tsbogend alpha franken de PCI Enabling device 00 0d 0 0000 gt 0003 pcnet32 PCnet FAST III 79C973 at 0x1000 00 Oe fe 00 00 33 tx_start_pt 0x0c00 220 bytes BCR18 9a61 BurstWrEn BurstRdEn NoUFlow SRAMSIZE 0x1700 SRAM BND 0x0800 assigned IRO 12 eth0 registered as PCnet FAST III 79C973 pcnet32 1 cards_found Tempus SC520 flash device 1000000 at 2000000 Amd Fujitsu Extended Ouery Table v1 3 at 0x0040 number of CFI chips 1 Creating 7 MTD partitions on Tempus SC520 Flash Bank 0x00000000 0x000e0000 Tempus kernel mtd Giving out device 0 to Tempus kernel 0x000e0000 0x00100000 Tempus Lo BootLdr mtd Giving out device 1 to Tempus Lo BootLdr 0x00100000 0x00200000 Tempus boot mtd Giving out device 2 to Tempus boot 0x00200000 0x00300000 Tempus logs mtd Giving out device 3 to Tempus logs 0x00300000 0x00900000 Tempus FACTORY rootfs mtd Giving out device 4 to Tempus FACTORY rootfs 0x00900000 0x00fe0000 Tempus UPGRADE rootfs
69. ion and synchronization is maintained via 20 bit DAC freguency control rather than phase stepping to provide excellent short term stability For more detailed information that is not included in this manual and links to other sites please visit our website http www endruntechnologies com There you can also download firmware upgrades the latest manuals and other documentation Overview The Tycho is composed of a Global Positioning System GPS time and freguency engine integrated with an IBM PC compatible fanless convection cooled 133 MHz CPU with integral ethernet inter face an RS 232 serial port and a power supply Non volatile storage of the embedded Linux operat ing system and the Tycho application software is via FLASH memory Standard Features In addition to sourcing a precision 1PPS timing reference and an IRIG B timecode output your Ty cho GPS Freguency Reference includes a network port The Tycho can be managed via the network port or a local console on the RS 232 serial port See Chapter 3 Control and Status Commands for more information Secure Network Interface An ethernet port is provided as a standard feature of the Tycho Freguency Reference with a wide vari ety of protocols including SNMP with Enterprise MIB SSH TELNET and FTP Refer to Chapter 2 Basic Installation for information to help you set up your network interface The inclusion of SNMP v3 and SSH provides a very secure network interface and allows
70. ipment to the Tycho The standard Tycho provides two precision output signals capable of driving properly terminated coaxial cables IPPS and AM Code These two signals are DC coupled and sourced from Advanced CMOS ACMOS drivers which are able to maintain output TTL levels into a 50 ohm load Care should be taken not to short circuit these outputs or to connect them to other voltage sources If your unit is equipped with the optional Alarm Output it will be available on a rear panel BNC jack labeled ALARM Care should be taken not to directly connect this open collector output to 15 Tycho GPS User Manual CHAPTER TWO a voltage source A series current limiting resistor of at least 1K ohms in value should be used The pull up voltage must not exceed 40V If your primary application for the Tycho is as a freguency standard and you have not purchased one of the optional higher stability oscillators you should consider operating with the console port avail able to enter the gpsstat command See Chapter 3 Control and Status Commands While using this command you will always know whether the Tycho is currently locked to a GPS signal while you are performing measurements based on its freguency outputs The holdover freguency accuracy of the standard TCXO will degrade to the 5x10 level fairly quickly following GPS signal loss depend ing upon the ambient temperature 16 Tycho GPS User Manual EndRun A I TECHNOLOGIES Gener
71. issions The receiver can use this data to relate the time of arrival of the received transmissions from that satellite to GPS time All of this means that during normal operation the source of the timing information being transmit ted from each of the satellites is directly traceable to UTC Due to the nature of the GPS spread spectrum Code Division Multiple Access CDMA modulation scheme this timing information may be extracted by a well designed receiver with a precision of a few nanoseconds The GPS time and freguency engine in the Tycho does just that Since signals from the GPS satellites are available at all locations on the globe you may deploy the Tycho virtually anywhere However you must be able to install an antenna with good sky visibility preferably on the rooftop Once synchronized the Tycho can maintain acceptable accuracy for about a day without GPS reception by flywheeling on its standard temperature compensated crystal oscilla tor TCXO For improved holdover for those using the Tycho as a freguency standard an oscillator upgrade is available 2 Tycho GPS User Manual EndRun A I TECHNOLOGIES Checking and Identifying the Hardware Chapter Two Basic Installation This chapter will guide you through the most basic checkout and physical installation of your Tycho GPS Frequency Reference Subsequent chapters and appendices will give you the information needed to configure your installation for the maximum
72. istributing the Pro gram or any work based on the Program you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it 6 Each time you redistribute the Program or any work based on the Program the recipient automat ically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License 7 If as a conseguence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agree ment or otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a conseguence you may not distribute the Program at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program If any portion of this sectio
73. ith a work based on the Program on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 You may copy and distribute the Program or a work based on it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following a Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or b Accompany it with a written offer valid for at least three years to give any third party for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution a complete machine readable copy of the corresponding source code to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or c Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer in accord with Subsection b above The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For an executable work complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files plus the
74. little business running over an IPv6 network The address autoconfigura tion capabilities of IPv6 make the DHCP protocol less important however it 1s likely that the new dhcpv6 capability will appear in a future upgrade 75 Tycho GPS User Manval APPENDIX I 16 Tycho GPS User Manval 1360 N Dutton Ave Suite 200 EndR UN Santo Rosa CA 95401 TEL 1 877 749 3878 TECHNOLOGIES us Smarter Timing Solutions www endruntechnologies com
75. may publish revised and or new versions of the General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Founda tion If the Program does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation 10 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution condi tions are different write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 11 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IM
76. mber in the time of day fields printed by the Tycho gpsstat command see Chapter 3 The TFOM num ber indicates the level of accuracy that should be included in the interpretation of the time of day and ranges from 4 to 9 time error is lt 1 us time error is lt 10 us time error is lt 100 us time error is lt 1 ms time error is lt 10 ms time error is gt 10 ms unsynchronized state if never locked to GPS oo In all cases the Tycho reports this value as accurately as possible even during periods of GPS signal outage where the Tycho is unable to directly measure the relationship of its timing outputs to UTC During these GPS outage periods assuming that the Tycho had been synchronized prior to the outage the Tycho extrapolates the expected drift of the Tycho timing signals based on its knowledge of the characteristics of the internal Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator TCXO Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator OCXO or Rubidium oscillator The extrapolated TFOM is based on a conserva tive estimate of the performance of the oscillator and should be considered worst case for a typical benign ambient temperature environment Due to this extrapolation behavior after initial synchronization brief periods without GPS satellite visibility will not induce an immediate alarm condition Removal of the antenna to simulate this will induce an immediate alarm however If the condition persists for long enough
77. mode Allows the user to set the dynamic mode of operation of the GPS subsystem It may be ON or OFF setgpsrefpos Interactive shell script that prompts the user for an accurate reference position performs syntax and argument validity checking then passes the position to the GPS subsystem updaterootflag Command to update the flag stored in FLASH that is read by the Linux bootloader at boot time to select operation with either the FACTORY or UPGRADE root file system upgradegps Shell script that facilitates the GPS subsystem firmware up grade process upgradekernel Shell script that facilitates the Linux kernel firmware upgrade process Limited applicability Use with caution setantfltmask Command to enable or mask the Antenna Fault Detailed Command Descriptions accessconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the root user to configure limitation of telnet ssh and snmp access to the Tycho By default the unit is configured to allow access by all users If you need to limit telnet ssh or snmp access e g for security reasons you must run this script as root from either the RS 232 serial 1 O port or from a telnet or ssh session This script modifies these files etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny These are non volatilely stored in the FLASH disk boot etc directory You must re boot the Tycho after running this script for the changes to take effect 19 Tycho GPS User Manual CHAPTER THREE
78. n is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many peo ple have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a conseguence of the rest of this License 62 Tycho GPS User Manval THIRD PARTY SOFTWARE 8 If the distribution and or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License 9 The Free Software Foundation
79. nchronized condition lt CR gt is the ASCII carriage return character 0x0D and is the on time character transmitted during the first millisecond of each second lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A Truetime Format The format of the Truetime string is identical to the Sysplex format The only difference between the two is that the Sysplex format always uses UTC time The time contained in the Truetime format depends on the time mode of the Tycho See gsystimemodeconfig in Chapter 4 Control and Status Commands For example if you want an output with this string format that uses Local Time then select the Truetime format EndRun Format The following string is sent once each second TYYYY DDD HH MM SS zZZ m lt CR gt lt LF gt T is the Time Figure of Merit TFOM character described in Appendix A TFOM This is the on time character transmitted during the first millisecond of each second YY YY is the year DDD is the day of year a is the colon character 0x3A HH is the hour of the day MM is the minute of the hour SS is the second of the minute 7 is the sign of the offset to UTC implies time is ahead of UTC ZZ is the magnitude of the offset to UTC in units of half hours Non zero only when the Timemode is Local see Chapter 5 m is the Timemode character and is one of G GPS L Local U UTC lt CR gt 1s the ASCII carriage return character 0x0D lt LF gt is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A 3 Tyc
80. need to use tp or scp to transfer the binary image file s to the Tycho This means that you must place the previously downloaded file s in a place on your network which is accessible to the Tycho There are two FLASH disk partitions which hold the compressed Linux root file system images These partitions are raw FLASH blocks have no file system and may not be mounted They are ac cessed through low level devices To protect the factory root file system from accidental erasure or over writing the device node has been deleted The upgrade FLASH disk partition is accessed via dev rootfs 1 When performing an upgrade you will be copying the new image to this device Some browsers will automatically unzip the gzip file when downloading from the website Please make sure that the gzip file is less than 6M in size before proceeding Upgrading the partition with a too large file size can cause serious problems and the unit may have to be returned to the factory for re program ming To perform the upgrade log in as the roof user to the Tycho using the local console serial I O port telnet Or ssh and perform these operations First erase the upgrade partition by issuing this command at the shell prompt eraserootfs_1 39 Tycho GPS User Manval APPENDIX B If you are using tp to perform the upgrade transfer the previously downloaded file using binary transfer mode from the remote host to dev rootfs 1 on your Tycho using FTP substitute the n
81. nformation see Chapter 4 Optional Rear Panel Outputs 26 Tycho GPS User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS Set pluginoptsconfig Tycho response Interactive shell script is started setantfltmask This command allows the user to enable or mask the GPS antenna fault Parameter for this command is either MASKED or ENABLED Setting this command to MASKED will prevent the antenna fault from creating an alarm condition Some installations may need to mask this fault due to special antenna situations like splitters or DC blocks that confuse the antenna detection circuit The factory default setting is ENABLED Set antfltmask MASKED Tycho response Antenna Fault Mask set to MASKED setgpscaldelay This command starts an interactive shell script that allows the user to change the clock calibration delay This setting is used to advance or retard the clock in order to compensate for antenna cable length or other external hardware Allowable range is 500000 to 500000 nanoseconds Set setgpscaldelay Tycho response Interactive shell script is started setgpsdynmode This command accepts a single argument ON or OFF to allow the user to set the dynamic mode of operation of the GPS subsystem By default the unit is configured for static operation so this setting is OFF If the Tycho will be mounted on a moving platform like a ship then this setting must be changed to ON The change takes place immediately and is stored non volatilely Set
82. ng the Secure Hash Algorithm SHA with pass word TychoGPS_0 Passwords and passphrases must have a minimum of 8 characters or you will not be able to be authenticated IMPORTANT You must kill the snmpa process prior to editing boot net snmp snmpd conf Otherwise the secret key creation may not complete properly Issue the command ps e to have the operating system dis play the list of running processes Look for the PID of snmpa process and issue the kill command to stop it For example if the PID listed for the snmpa process is 53 then you would issue this command kill 53 You con verify that the process was terminated by re issuing the ps e command 48 Tycho GPS User Manval SIMPLE NETWORK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL SNMP After re booting the agent will read the boot net snmp snmpd conf configuration file and compute secret key s for each of the users and delete the createUser lines from the file It will then write the secret key s to the file These lines begin with the string usmUser In this way un encrypted passwords are not stored on the system IMPORTANT To generate new keys stop the snmpa process delete the existing usmUser key lines from the file boot net snmp snmpd conf and then add new createuser lines Then re boot the system This example gives the simplest configuration to begin using SNMPv3 but doesn t make use of the full capabilities of the VACM in defining groups and views for fine grained access control
83. ns for more information Also refer to the pluginopts command in Chapter 3 Control and Status Commands Ouantity 4 or 8 Output Freguency 5 MHz or 10 MHz Output Level 13 dBm 2 dBm at 500 Harmonics lt 45 dBc at 500 Stability See Stability Allan Deviation Table below Channel to Channel Isolation gt 75 dB Connector Rear panel BNC jack Phase Noise dBc Hz a 10 MHz Hz TCXO Spurs TCXO MS OCXO Spurs OCXO 1 70 100 95 10 100 100 120 120 100 125 100 135 115 1k 135 100 145 125 10k 140 100 145 125 100 k 145 120 145 110 68 Tycho GPS User Manval SPECIFICATIONS Stability Allan Deviation Table Tau in Seconds TCXO MS OCXO 1 1x107 7 10 2 10 5x10 10 9x10 100 1x10710 1 8x107 1000 1x10 Ix107 10000 1102 1102 100000 1x10713 1x10713 CE FCC Compliance RTTE Directive 99 5 EC Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EC EMC Directive 89 336 EC With Amendment 93 68 EC Supplementary Compliance Data Safety EN 60950 1992 A1 A2 1993 A3 1995 A4 1997 A11 1998 EMC EN 55024 1998 w A1 2000 and A2 2003 EN61000 3 2 2000 EN61000 3 3 1995 w A1 2001 EN55022 1998 Class A VCCI April 2004 Class A FCC Part 15 Subpart B Class A ICES 003 Class A 69 Tycho GPS User Manual APPENDIX H DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO IEC GUIDE 22 and EN 45014 Manufacturer s Name EndRun Technologies EndRun TECHNOLOGIES Manufacturer s Address 1360 North Dutton Avenue Suite 2
84. nsequential damages whether based on contract tort or any other legal theory EndRun Contact Information Address EndRun Technologies 1360 N Dutton Avenue 7200 Santa Rosa CA 95401 Phone 707 573 8633 Fax 707 573 8619 Sales 1 877 749 3878 or 707 573 8633 sales endruntechnologies com Support 1 877 749 3878 or 707 573 8633 support endruntechnologies com Tycho GPS User Manual Tycho GPS User Manual Table of Contents Preface E AFU ou AI i About EndRun Technologies i Trademark Acknowledgements i About This ii TERRE ii Limitation of Warranty ii Warranty Repair 2 ua su eed ASA HF iii Repair After Warranty Expiration iii Limitation of Liability iii EndRun Contact Information iii Chapter Introduction 1 trien A A atu ug 1 OI i yao aca arcsec EAS AA AAA 1 Standard Features dunce a 1 Secure Network Interfd FF RR RII RII 1 Free FLASH Upgrades
85. oad so that you can up grade your installed units in the field This is a major upgrade and features updated versions of all applications utilities and shared libraries typically installed in an embedded Linux based system In addition the critical open source protocol implementations OpenSSH Net SNMP and Syslog ng are now IPv6 capable along with other various support daemons and configuration utilities that need to understand IP v6 addresses The new system detects the presence of an IPv6 capable kernel and enables the IPv6 configuration menus and command line utilities automatically As with all of our firmware upgrades we have de signed the upgrade to be seamless for existing customers which means that after applying the update your existing configuration settings and passwords will continue to function properly EndRun Technologies understands that IPv6 is still in the experimental stage with essentially no mainstream deployment Customers who are not interested in IPv6 need not perform the Linux 2 4 31 IPV6 kernel upgrade procedure and your systems will continue to behave as before Custom ers buying new products may choose to have the IPv6 capable kernel installed at the factory The default will be the previous Linux 2 4 26 IPv4 only kernel Performing the 2 60 RFS upgrade is identical to the current procedure see your User Manual Ap pendix B Performing the Linux NTP Upgrade and must be performed first if you are also planning
86. ocked to GPS YEAR is the year of the UTC timestamp of the most recent information received from the GPS subsystem DOY is the day of year of the UTC timestamp of the most recent information received from the GPS subsystem HH MM SS sssssssss is the hour minute second subsecond UTC timestamp of the most recent information received from the GPS subsystem ES 1s the current number of leap seconds difference between the UTC and GPS timescales 13 at the time of this writing LF 1s the future at the next UTC midnight number of leap seconds difference between the UTC and GPS timescales 13 at the time of this writing S is the Signal Processor State one of 0 Acguiring 1 GPS Locking 2 GPS Locked N is the number of GPS satellites being tracked 0 to 8 VCDAC _ is the 20 bit oscillator Voltage Control DAC word 0 to 1048575 with larger numbers implying higher oscillator frequency Typical range is 320000 to 640000 SN R is the carrier Signal to Noise Ratio 0 00 to 99 9 measured in dB in the GPS data rate bandwidth Typical range is 30 to 45 FLTS is the fault status which displays the current summary status of the GPS timing subsystem The summary status is contained in sixteen bits which are displayed in four hexadecimal characters Assertion of any of these bits will also be indicated by illumination of the red LED Each bit of each character indicates the status of a subsystem component 9 i EE TU Char 0 FLASH
87. of access you must now issue the super user command at the shell prompt Tycho GPS root gsys gt su root You will then be prompted for the password which is endrun 1 and be granted root access to the system To leave super user mode issue the shell command exit Issuing exit again will close the telnet session Using SSH When establishing a ssh connection with your Tycho logging in directly as root is permitted When you log in as root via a ssh session with the Tycho this banner will be displayed kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Welcome to Tycho GPS SSH console on gsys your domain kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk root gsys your domain s password Here you may log in as root with password endrun_1 After correctly entering the password the sign on message is shown It identifies the host system as Tycho and shows the software part number version and build date Tycho GPS 6010 0042 000 v 1 00 Fri Aug 20 14 17 44 UTC 2004 Tycho GPS rootQGgsys This last line is the standard Tycho shell prompt The Tycho uses the bash shell which is the Linux standard full featured shell After configuring the unit you should change the passwords using the gsyspasswd command issued from the shell prompt Issuing exit will close the ssh session Rear panel mounted BNC jacks provide the means of connecting your equ
88. of free software we are referring to freedom not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can get it if you want it that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs and that you know you can do these things To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software or if you modify it For example if you distribute copies of such a program whether gratis or for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that you have You must make sure that they too receive or can get the source code And you must show them these terms so they know their rights 59 Tycho GPS User Manual APPENDIX G We protect your rights with two steps 1 copyright the software and 2 offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the software Also for each author s protection and ours we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software If the software is modified by someone else and passed on we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original so that any problems intro duced by othe
89. on 57 Enabling New IPv6 Capabilities 57 TT EL 57 II NN FON RYN DWI UR 57 Tycho GPS User Manual IPv6 Capable syslog ng a a 58 Py4 Only Protocols iS UF iaa ede else 58 Appendix G Third Party Software 59 GNU General Public e e ydd Re rydd 59 Appendix Specifications 65 Appendix I Software Release Notes for Previous Tycho Users 73 Tycho GPS User Manual Tycho GPS User Manual EndRun A ANN TECHNOLOGIES Main Features ChapterOne Introduction The Tycho GPS Frequency Reference is a high performance cost effective system that provides highly precise time and frequency outputs The Tycho includes 1 PPS and IRIG B as standard out puts plus an RS 232 serial port In addiition a network port which includes many protocols includ ing TELNET FTP DHCP SNMP and SSH is a standard Tycho feature The Tycho utilizes the GPS transmissions to precisely synchronize itself to Universal Coordinated Time UTC to the 100 nanoseconds level of accuracy The freguency of the internal oscillator is disciplined to match the freguency of the UTC timescale to the low parts in 1 0 level of accuracy over 24 hour observation intervals The time and frequency outputs are coherent after initial GPS synchronizat
90. onfigure a static IPv6 address and default IPv6 gateway you must either run the interactive netcon ig script or if your unit is so equipped use the front panel keypad and display Either method will allow you to configure your ethernet interface for both IPv4 and IPv6 operation Using the netcon ig script has the advantage that you can also configure the hostname and domainname for the unit as well as any nameservers you may want it to have access to Starting with the 2 60 RFS sshd is no longer started by the superserver daemon inetd If you have a previously reconfigured boot etc inetd conf the etc rc d rc inet2 startup script will detect it and remove the line that allows sshd to be started by inetd By default sshd is factory configured to listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses It may be forced to listen on either IPv4 only or IPv6 only by editing the etc rc d rc inet2 startup script where sshd is started and then copying it to boot etc rc d By default snmpd is factory configured to listen on both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses This may be changed by editing etc rc d rc local and modifying the agent address argument passed to snmpd at start up and then copying it to boot etc rc d The 2 60 RFS now contains the Net SNMP open source implementation which replaces the older UCD SNMP implementation which did not support IPv6 There are several new directives in the etc snmpd conf related to IPv6 If you are upgrading and you need IP
91. performance in your operating environment Though some familiarity with Linux or other Unix like operating systems would be helpful it is not essential When operating your Tycho with its standard network interface basic familiarity with TCP IP networking protocols like ping telnet and tp is required Unpack and check all the items using the shipment packing list Contact the factory if anything is missing or damaged The Tycho shipment typically contains Tycho part 3021 0001 000 or 3019 variant Tycho GPS User Manual part USM3021 0000 000 EC 320 AC Power Cord part 0501 0003 000 This part will not be present if using the DC power option DB9F to DB9F Null Modem Serial I O Cable part 0501 0002 000 RJ 45 to RJ 45 CAT 5 patch cable 2 meters part 0501 0000 000 e Antenna cable assembly part 0610 0006 001 or 0610 variant 3 Tycho GPS User Manual Tycho Physical Description CHAPTER TWO En TECHNOLOGIES Ow 6 o O network Tycho GPS Freguency Reference Ow O Sync LED Network LED Alarm LED This green LED flashes to indicate synchronization status This amber LED illuminates when the Tycho is connected to the network and flashes when receiving or transmitting packets This red LED illuminates briefly at power up and thereafter whenever a serious fault condition exists c m senna AMCODE 1PPS OQO 8 ES
92. r gt the bootloader will boot the factory root file system Watch the rest of the boot process to make sure that you have successfully recovered If the system boots normally then you should resolve the problems with the previous upgrade and re perform it If you want to upgrade your kernel to the IPv6 capable one then you must first be sure that your root file system is version 2 60 or later To upgrade your kernel log in as the root user to the Tycho using the local console serial I O port telnet or ssh and perform these operations If you are using tp to perform the upgrade transfer the previously downloaded file using binary transfer mode from the remote host to a temporary location on your Tycho using FTP substitute the name of the kernel image that you are installing for newkernelimage Issue these commands from the console of your Tycho ftp remote host perform ftp login on remote host bin set transfer mode to binary get newkernelimage tmp transfer the file quit close the ftp session after transfer If you are using ssh you may open a command window on the remote computer and securely trans fer the root file system image using scp from the remote computer to your Tycho A command like this should be used scp p newkernelimage rootGcntp your domain tmp The kernel upgrade utility is executed with a single argument passed on the command line the path to the previously uploaded kernel image file For example
93. rms you that the GPS engine file transfer has completed and that its start up messages should appear First the bootloader message will ap pear Tempus Bootloader 6010 0050 000 v 1 00 May 28 2004 17 31 05 In about ten seconds the GPS engine application start up messages should appear FW 6010 0020 000 v 1 00 Aug 18 2004 10 47 41 FPGA 6020 0005 000 v 0202 The firmware version should match that of the binary file that you uploaded At this point the upgradegps script terminates its execution and you will again have the standard Tycho console prompt After about one minute you should guery the GPS firmware version using the command gpsversion The upgraded version information should be displayed Should you have difficulties with the upgrade due to a corrupt file power failure during upload or other accident do not be alarmed Even though you may have lost the existing application program the GPS engine bootloader program will remain intact On boot up it will check to see if a valid ap plication program is in the FLASH memory If there is not it will immediately go into the waiting for download mode You may verify this by issuing this command cat lt dev arm user You should now see the C character being received every three seconds This is the character that the GPS engine bootloader sends to indicate to the XMODEM utility that it is wating for a download You may now re try the upload procedure assuming th
94. rs will not reflect on the original authors reputations Finally any free program is threatened constantly by software patents We wish to avoid the dan ger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses in effect making the program proprietary To prevent this we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone s free use or not licensed at all The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0 This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License The Program below refers to any such program or work and a work based on the Program means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Program or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated into another language Herein after translation is included without limitation in the term modification Each licensee is addressed as you Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running the Program is not restricted and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on
95. s 10 MPPS or 100 PPS etc This signal is specified by the customer when the order is placed preset at the factory and cannot be changed There is no user interface status or control For signal definition see Appendix H Specifications 1 PPS RS 422 Output This option is provided on a second RS 232 serial port which replaces the two upper BNCs on the CPU Module The pulse width is normally 1 millisecond wide when shipped from the factory but can be changed via console command cpuoptsconfig See signal definition in Appendix Specifi cations for the 1PPS RS 422 output Alarm Output The Alarm Output Option provides an open collector output that indicates when the GPS receiver has lost lock or when serious hardware faults are detected For a detailed description of the faults see the gpsstat command in Chapter 3 Control and Status Commands There is no user interface control for this option Care should be taken not to directly connect this open collector output to a voltage source A series current limiting resistor of at least 1K ohms in value should be used The pull up voltage must not exceed 40V For signal definition see Appendix H Specifications Serial Time Output This option is provided on a second RS 232 serial port labeled Serial Time It replaces the two upper BNCs on the CPU Module It is an output that provides a once per second sequence of ASCII characters indicating the current time The on time
96. s magnetic tape devices strip chart recorders and several types of embedded computer peripheral cards IRIG B122 002 This is the most widely used format and is normally the factory default for the AM Code output The IRIG B122 format is a 100 pps code and is used to amplitude modulate a 1000 kHz sine wave carrier The information contained in the timecode is seconds through day of year coded in Binary Coded Decimal BCD Reference IRIG Document 104 60 IRIG B123 003 In addition to the time information identified in B122 above this format also contains Straight Binary Seconds SBS of day SBS is provided at the end of the frame in the 17 bits starting in position 80 IRIG B1 20 000 IEEE 1344 1995 In addition to the time data and the Straight Binary Seconds data this format provides for time sta tus data in the control bit positions of IRIG B The information provided there is defined by IEEE standard 1344 1995 Unit and Tens of Years Leap Second Daylight Savings Local Time Offset Time Quality and Parity The IEEE 1344 table provided below shows each bit position with detailed information NASA 36 NASA 36 bit time code is a 100 bit pulse width modulated format used to amplitude modulate a 1000 kHz sine wave carrier The information contained in the timecode is seconds minutes hours and days The format is used by several military ranges Reference IRIG Document 104 59 2137 The 2137 code is a 25 bit pulse width modulated form
97. scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable However as a special exception the source code distributed need not include any thing that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components com l Tycho GPS User Manual APPENDIX G piler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering eguivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribu tion of the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code 4 You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program except as expressly provided un der this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance 5 You are not reguired to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License Therefore by modifying or d
98. se the same code format The format is identical to that of the CPU Module AM Code output which is set via console command cpuoptscon ig see Chapter 3 For signal definition see Appendix H Specifications OUTPUT C OUTPUT D ANALOG TIMECODE BUFFER OUTPUT A OUTPUT B Oscillator Low Phase Noise Module The Tycho can be configured with several high performance disciplined 10 MHz oscillators The Low Phase Noise Output Option works in conjunction with these oscillators to provide up to eight individually buffered spectrally pure sinewave outputs The levels of the contributors to spectral im purity have been carefully controlled by the selection of the optional oscillators that are offered and by the design of the option module and its integration into the Tycho chassis In addition very good channel to channel isolation has been achieved This module always resides in Slot 1 next to the CPU module The rear panel outputs are labeled with their configured frequency These frequencies are not changeable but can be viewed via console command pluginopts see Chapter 3 For signal definition see Appendix H Specifications 10MHz SINE 10MHz SINE OSCILLATOR LOW PHASE NOISE 10MHz SINE 10MHz SINE 36 Tycho GPS User Manual EndRun ANNE OW TECHNOLOGIES Appendix Time Figure of Merit TFOM This appendix describes the Time Figure of Merit TFOM number The Tycho displays this nu
99. setgpsdynmode ON Tycho response GPS Dynamic Mode is ON setgpsrefpos This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the user to set the accurate reference position of the Tycho By default the unit is configured to locate itself using the GPS satellites In some situations visibility of the sky is limited and the unit will not be able to determine its position In this case the user must determine an accurate WGS 84 position by other means and input it using this command If you need to set the accurate reference position you must run this script as root The changes take place immediately Jf the GPS dynamic mode setting is ON see gpsdynmode setgpsdynmode commands then running this script will have no effect In addition to setting a new accurate reference position the user can also invalidate an existing one This will force the Tycho to re establish a new reference position using the GPS satellite constella tion Set setgpsrefpos Tycho response Interactive shell script is started setsigfltmask This command allows the user to enable or mask the Signal Loss Fault Parameter for this command is either MASKED or ENABLED Setting this command to MASKED will prevent a signal loss 27 Tycho GPS User Manval CHAPTER THREE fault from creating an alarm condition Some installations may need to mask this fault when operat ing the NTP server as a Stratum 2 server The factory default setting is ENABLED Set sigfltm
100. space gt ASCII space character 0x20 which indicates locked ASCII question mark 0x3F which indicates the unsynchronized condition is the day of year is the colon character 0x3A is the hour of the day is the minute of the hour is the second of the minute is the DST indicator S I D O is the time zone where XX is 00 through 23 is the ASCII carriage return character 0x0D The first lt CR gt is the on time character is the ASCII line feed character 0x0A Tycho GPS User Manual Module Options REAR PANEL OUTPUT OPTIONS Your Tycho Frequency Reference has two available option slots that can be configured with a variety of modules In the Tycho these modules are not field installable they must be installed at the factory Refer to pluginopts and pluginoptscon ig in Chapter 3 Control and Status Com mands Option modules are described below Programmable Digital Buffer Module The Programmable Digital Buffer Module adds four independently programmable TTL outputs to your Tycho These buffered outputs can provide on time pulse rates from 1 PPS to 10 MPPS or a digital timecode output Each output can be individually programmed for any of the various selec tions via console command pluginoptsconfig see Chapter 3 For signal definition see Appen dix Specifications The rear panel outputs are identified as PROG TTL A through D as shown below PROG TTLC PROG TTL D DIGITAL BUFFER PROG TTL A PROG TTL
101. strator information that will allow custom configuration to fit specific security needs The embedded Linux operating system running in the Tycho is based on kernel version 2 4 26 and version 10 of the Slackware Linux distribution As such it supports a complete set of security provi sions e System passwords are kept in an encrypted file etc shadow which is not accessible by users other than root e_ Direct root logins are only permitted on the local RS 232 console or via SSH e The secure copy utility scp eliminates the need to use the insecure tp protocol for transferring program updates to the Tycho e Access via SNMP is configurable to provide the security of the latest version 3 Internet standard which supports both view based access control and user based security using modern encryption techniques Previous versions v1 and v2c supported access control essentially via passwords trans mitted over the network in plain text Refer to Appendix C Simple Network Management Protocol which is dedicated to configuration of SNMP for details e Individual host access to protocol server daemons such as in telnetd snmpd sshd may be controlled by the tepd daemon and etc hosts allow and etc hosts deny e Risky protocols like TIME DAYTIME and TELNET may be completely disabled by configura tion of the inetd super server daemon The last two topics are supported on the Tycho by a pair of shell scripts which ease configuration for
102. syspasswd command issued from the shell prompt If you do not see characters displayed by your terminal program within 30 seconds after the unit is powered up you must troubleshoot your setup An incorrectly wired cable or incorrect port setting in your terminal emulation program are the most common problems Refer to Chapter 3 RS 232 Serial I O Port Signal Definitions for the signal connections for the Tycho You must use a null modem cable or adapter if you are connecting the Tycho to another computer or other equipment configured as Data Terminal Equipment DTE The supplied cable is a null modem cable Once you have successfully established communications with the Tycho you may procede to con figuring the network parameters Then you can communicate with the Tycho over the network using telnet or ssh Using netconfig to Set Up Your IP The following is a sample transcript which illustrates the use of netconfig The entries made by the user are underlined and are provided purely for illustrative purposes You must provide eguiva lent entries that are specific to your network Those shown here are appropriate for a typical network that does not use DHCP Start the configuration process by typing netcon ig at the shell prompt Tycho GPS root gsys gt netconfig kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Ade ke ke eek ke eee Tycho GPS Network Configuration dd d d dd ddd ddd ddd dkk k
103. t Limitation of Warranty The foregoing express warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer or User Buyer supplied software or interfacing unauthorized modification or misuse operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product or improper site prepa ration or maintenance TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW THIS WARRANTY AND REMEMDIES SET FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES REMEDIES AND CONDITIONS WHETHER ORAL OR WRITTEN STATUTORY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AS PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW ENDRUN SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Tycho GPS User Manual Warranty Repair If you believe your eguipment is in need of repair call EndRun Technologies and ask for a customer service agent It is important to contact us first as many problems may be resolved with a phone call Please have the serial number of the unit and the nature of the problem available before you call If it is determined that your eguipment will reguire service we will issue an RMA number You will be asked for contact information including your name address phone number and e mail address Ship the unit prepaid in the original container or a container of sufficient strength and protection to EndRun Technologies EndRun will not be responsible for damage incurred during shipping to us Be sure the RMA number is clearly id
104. t that will allow the user to configure the time mode of operation of any optional timecode outputs or Serial Time output Selections are UTC GPS or Lo cal These settings have no effect on the operation of the underlying Linux operating system time It ALWAYS operates in UTC By default the unit is configured to operate in LOCAL mode with an offset to UTC of zero and with Daylight Savings Time disabled If you need to modify this operation you must run this script as root Settings made using this command are non volatile Set gsystimemodeconfig Tycho response Interactive shell script is started gsysversion This command displays the firmware version and build date of the Tycho Ouery gsysversion Tycho response Tycho GPS 6010 0042 000 v 2 00 Wed Jan 16 22 38 21 UTC 2004 help This command displays a list of the Tycho commands not Linux commands To get help on a par ticular command you would type help followed by the command Ouery help Tycho response Tycho commands are displayed Ouery help gpsstat Tycho response Information specific to the gpsstat command is displayed inetdconfig This command starts an interactive shell script that will allow the user to configure the list of protocol servers which are started by the inetd server daemon running in the Tycho Four protocol serv ers may be configured TIME DAYTIME and TELNET By default the unit is configured to start all of these protocol servers If you need to
105. t the shell prompt gsysrootfs Which should cause this to be printed to the console BOOT_IMAGE TychoGPS_1 If so and your unit seems to be operating normally you have successfully completed the upgrade If your unit does not boot up successfully and you are not able to telnet or ssh into the system after 30 seconds then there has been some kind of problem with the upgrade It is possible that the file downloaded was corrupt or that you forgot to set your FTP download file mode to binary when down loading the file either from the EndRun Technologies website or when transferring it to the Tycho 40 Tycho GPS User Manual Recovering from a Failed Upgrade Performing the Linux Kernel Upgrade UPGRADING THE FIRMWARE To restore your Tycho to a bootable state using the factory root file system you must use the serial VO port and re boot the Tycho by cycling the power For setup details refer to sections Connect the Serial I O Port and Test the Serial I O Port in Chapter 2 Basic Installation When you have con nected your terminal to the serial I O port apply power to the Tycho Pay close attention to the terminal window while the unit is re booting After the Linux bootloader displays the message To override and boot the FACTORY partition type FACTORY within 5 seconds you must begin typing factory within five seconds to let the bootloader know that you are going to override the default root file system After you hit lt ente
106. tconfig procedure If you have configured a nameserver s for your network you may check that by issuing this shell command Tycho GPS root gsys gt cat etc resolv conf search your domain nameserver 192 168 1 1 nameserver 192 168 1 2 Which displays the contents of the etc resolv conf file containing your domain name and the nam eserver IP address es to use for that domain Check Network Operation With your Tycho network parameters properly configured you are ready to test the setup using ping from a server or workstation that is able to access the network connected to the Tycho Alternatively you could ping one of your servers or workstations from the Tycho shell prompt to test the setup Once you have successfully established network communications with the Tycho you may perform all maintenance and monitoring activities via te1net and tp The Tycho provides both client and server operation using telnet For security reasons as well as to reduce the memory footprint in the Tycho only client operation is supported using ftp Security conscious users will want to use ssh the secure shell replacement for telnet as the login means The companion utility scp provides a secure replacement for ftp as a means of transferring files to and from the Tycho Both of these protocols are supported in the Tycho via the OpenSSH implementations for Linux Refer to Appendix D Security for more information about the secure shell protocol
107. tem image either TychoGPS_0 factory default or TychoGPS 1 field upgrade which is run ning in the Tycho to the console gsystimemode Prints the time mode settings in effect for the timecode or Se eee gsystimemodeconfig Interactive shell script that guides the user in configuring the time mode settings for the timecode or Serial Time output Al lows setting to the LOCAL GPS or UTC timescale and if LO CAL the setting of the offset to UTC and the Daylight Savings Time DST start and stop date time parameters 18 Tycho GPS User Manual CONTROL AND STATUS COMMANDS gsysversion Prints the Tycho application software version information to the console help Prints help for Tycho commands not Linux inetdconfig Interactive shell script that allows the user to configure the list of protocol servers which are started by the inetd server daemon running in the Tycho netconfig Interactive shell script that allows the user to configure the IP network subsystem of the Tycho oscctrlstat Prints the oscillator disciplining parameters pluginopts Returns the board type and settings for any optional buffer boards In Tycho products these options are not plug in but must be installed at the factory pluginoptsconfig An interactive script that allows the user to change the settings on any configurable option board setgpscaldelay An interactive script that allows the user to change the clock calibration delay setgpsdyn
108. ti cated and encrypted for privacy choices are noauth auth and priv and who will have read write ac cess to the entire iso 1 branch of the SMI object tree The second line defines a SNMPv3 read only user tychouser whose minimum security level will be authenticated but not encrypted and who will have read only access to the entire iso 7 org 3 dod 6 internet 1 private 4 enterprises 1 endRun TechnologiesMIB 13827 branch of the SMI object tree After adding the user lines to etc snmpd conf copy it to the boot etc directory using cp p The second file is located on the non volatile FLASH disk and is used by the SNMP agent to store persistent data that may be dynamic in nature This may include the values of the MIB II variables sysLocation sysContact and sysName as well as any configured SNMPvd user crypto keys In order to use SNMPv3 you must configure user keys in this file for each SNMPv3 user that you have set up in etc snmpd conf To do this you must add lines to boot net snmp snmpd conf like these for each user createUser root MD5 endrun 1 DES endrun 1 createUser tychouser SHA TychoGPS The first line will cause the agent snmpd to create a user roof who may be authenticated via Mes sage Digest Algorithm 5 MD5 with password endrun 1 and may use the Data Encryption Standard DES to encrypt the session data with passphrase endrun_1 The second line will cause a user tychouser to be created who may be authenticated usi
109. to each destination the enterprise trap genera tion mechanism of the Tycho will only send a trap to the last declared trapsink in the file To have your Tycho send SNMPv2c notifications SMIv2 RFC 2578 or informs you must configure the communities and destinations by uncommenting and editing one or both of these lines in etc snmpd conf trap2sink trap2community trap2port informsink XXX XXX XXX Xxx informcommunity informport where trap2community and informcommunity should be replaced by your communities and XXX XXX XXX XXX S the IP address or hostname of the destination host for receiving the notifica tions or informs generated by the Tycho By default the v2c trap or inform will be sent to port 162 You may optionally add another parameter trap2port or informport to the ends of the above lines to override the default port setting Otherwise leave it blank Note Though the agent will recognize multiple trap2sink or informsink lines within etc snmpd conf and send the generic SNMP coldStart or authenticationFailure notifications and informs to each destination the enterprise notification inform generation mechanism of the Tycho will only send a notification to the last declared trap2sink and an inform to the last declared informsink in the file IMPORTANT After editing etc snmpd conf you must copy it to the boot ete directory and re boot the system It is very important to retain the access mode
110. to familiarize yourself with the agent configuration concepts Prior to SNMPv3 SNMP had definite security inadeguacies due to using two community names in a manner analogous to passwords that were transmitted over the network as clear text In addition since no mechanism existed for authenticating or encrypting session data any number of man in the middle data corruption replacement exploits were possible in addition to plain old snooping to learn the community names SNMPv3 implements the User based Security Model USM defined in RFC 2274 which employs modern cryptographic technologies to both authenticate multiple users and to encrypt their session data for privacy much in the same way that SSH does for remote login shell users In addition it implements the View based Access Control Model VACM defined in RFC 2275 This RFC defines mechanisms for limiting the access of multiple users having various security levels no authentication authentication or authentication plus privacy to specific views of the Structure of Management Information SMI object tree In addition to providing the SNMP variables contained in MIB II as described in RFC 1213 EndRun Technologies has implemented an enterprise MIB using the syntax of the SMI version 2 SMIv2 as described in RFC 2578 45 Tycho GPS User Manual Invocation of the SNMP daemon Quick Start Configuration SNMPv1 vXc APPENDIX C TYCHO MIB Which is located on your Tycho in t
111. to upgrade your kernel The IPv6 Linux 2 4 31 kernel upgrade procedure is new and a new utility upgradekernel has been added to the 2 60 RES to facilitate and failsafe this procedure First you need to upload the new compressed kernel image file to a temporary location on the file system using scp Alternatively you could ftp from your timeserver to an ftp server on your network and download the file Then the kernel upgrade utility is executed with a single argument passed on the command line the path to the previously uploaded kernel image file Like this for example upgradekernel tmp newkernelimage The kernel upgrade utility verifies the integrity of the file reads the kernel version information pres ents it to you and asks you to verify before replacing the old kernel image If you verify it will then erase the old image and write the new one in its place The erase and write operation takes about 10 seconds A power failure during this time would render the unit unbootable so it is highly advis able to plug the unit into a UPS while performing the upgrade 73 Tycho GPS User Manual Enabling New lPv6 Capabilities OpenSSH Net SNMP New IPv6 Capable syslog ng APPENDIX I The presence of an IPv6 capable kernel will automatically enable most of the new IPv6 capabilities By default autoconfiguration of the ethernet interface via IPv6 Router Advertisements is enabled To disable acceptance of Router Advertisements or to c
112. us 1 ms 100 ms 500 ms User Calibration 500 us 1 ns resolution Accuracy 20 nanoseconds RMS to GPS Time when locked 10 nanoseconds RMS to GPS Time when locked with 10 Nanosecond Calibration Option Stability TDEV 10 ns x 10 seconds oy 1 lt 1x10 v 10 secs Connector Rear panel DB 9M jack labeled 1PPS RS 422 Pinout Pin 3 is signal Pin 6 is signal Pin 5 is GND Optional Programmable TTL Pulse Rate Output on CPU Module See Chapter 4 Rear Panel Output Options for more information Also refer to the cpuopts and cpuoptsconfig commands in Chapter 3 Control and Status Commands Signal Positive TTL pulse a 500 Rate User selectable to 1 10 100 IK 10K 100K 1M 5M 10M PPS and Timecode Accuracy 10713 to UTC for 24 hour averaging times when locked Alignment Within 10 ns of the other TTL outputs in this unit except the optional DDS Stability See Stability Allan Deviation Table below Synthesized Rate 1 PPS to 10 MPPS in 1 PPS steps with optional DDS Upgrade Connector Rear panel BNC jack labeled PROG TTL Optional Fixed Pulse Rate Output on CPU Module See Chapter 4 Rear Panel Output Options for more information Signal Positive TTL pulse a 500 Rate Preset at factory and cannot be changed Accuracy 10713 to UTC for 24 hour averaging times when locked Stability See Stability Allan Deviation Table below Connector Rear panel BNC jack labeled appropriately
113. v6 capability with SNMP you should merge any changes that you may have made to the previous sampd conf file which would be stored in boot etc snmpd conf into the new snmpd conf file like trapsink addresses and community strings Using the new snmpd conf you can set up any IPv6 trapsink addresses If you are using snmpv3 secure access you will need to perform the createUser operations to the new boot net snmp snmpd conf persistent configuration file The older boot ucd snmp directory is no longer used for this To enable remote syslogging to an IPv6 host you will need to edit the new etc syslog ng conf file and copy it to boot etc At boot time the presence of both the syslog ng daemon and the boot etc syslog ng conf file will cause the new IPv6 capable syslog ng daemon to be started instead of the previous syslogd klogd pair of daemons These two files remain on the system for backward compatibility with customers existing etc syslog conf setups but they are not IPv6 capable If you are not currently directing your system logs to a remote host or you are not using IPv6 then there is little need or benefit to changing to syslog ng 74 Tycho GPS User Manual SOFTWARE RELEASE NOTES Remaining IPv4 Only Protocols There remain several protocols in the 2 60 RES which are not IPv6 capable telnet client and server tp and dhcpcd Due to their intrinsic insecurity telnet and tp are rapidly being dep recated and probably have
114. watchdog woof During this process the factory default TychoGPS 0 root file system is loaded from FLASH disk to an 16MB ramdisk and the remainder of the boot process completes At this point the Tycho login prompt is displayed kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk Welcome to Tycho GPS console on gsys your domain Tue Feb 20 2001 21 47 03 UTC kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk gsys login Here you may log in as gsysuser with password Praecis or you may log in as the root user with password endrun 1 When logged in as gsysuser you may check status information and view log files but you will not be able to modify any system settings or view secure files In order to perform system setup procedures which includes configuring the IP network settings you must log in as the root user After correctly entering the password at this prompt password the sign on message is shown It identifies the host system as Tycho GPS and shows the software part number version and build date 10 Tycho GPS User Manual BASIC INSTALLATION Tycho GPS 6010 0042 000 v 1 00 Wed May 9 14 17 44 UTC 2002 Tycho GPS rootGgsys gt This last line is the standard Tycho shell prompt The Tycho uses the bash shell which is the Linux standard full featured shell After configuring the unit you should change the passwords using the g
115. y gpsrefpos is set to DYN Ouery gpsdynmode Tycho response OFF gpsrefpos This command displays the current GPS subsystem reference position The source of the position which is one of UNK unknown DYN dynamic USR user entered or AVG 24 hour average of GPS fixes is displayed first The WGS 84 latitude and longitude in degrees minutes seconds format and the height above the WGS 84 reference ellipsoid in meters follow Ouery gpsrefpos Tycho response CURRENT REFERENCE POSITION AVG N38d26m36 11s W122d42m56 50s 00032 5 meters gpsstat This command allows the user to query the status of the GPS timing subsystem During normal operation a Linux daemon SYSTIMED polls the GPS timing subsystem every 16 seconds The results of this poll are used to steer the system clock and are saved to a log file This command parses and formats the information contained therein and prints this fixed length string having these fields LKSTAT TFOM YEAR DOY HH MM SS sssssssss LS LF S N VCDAC SN R FLTS Where LKSTAT is the tracking status of the engine either LOCKED or NOTLKD TFOM A detailed explanation of TFOM is in Appendix A Time Figure of Merit 21 Tycho GPS User Manual CHAPTER THREE Briefly TFOM indicates clock accuracy where 4 time error is lt 1 us 5 time error is 10 us 6 time error is 100 us 7 time error is lt 1 ms 8 time error is lt 10 ms 9 time error is gt 10 ms unsynchronized state if never l
116. ycho has two option slots that can be configured with a variety of output buffer modules In Tycho products these output modules are not field installable but must be installed at the factory See Chapter 4 Optional Rear Panel Outputs for more information This IEC 320 standard three prong connector provides AC power This optional 3 position terminal block provides connection to the DC power source and replaces the AC power input jack See details in Appendix H Specifications 9 Using the status LED indicators it s easy to find if your Tycho will work in your desired location 1 Mount the antenna on the roof using the supplied mounting hardware Make sure that it is not blocked by large metallic objects closer than one meter 2 Screw the TNC plug on the end of the antenna cable onto the TNC antenna input jack on the chas sis rear panel of the Tycho 3 Plug one end of the supplied AC power cord into an 85 270 VAC outlet Tycho GPS User Manual Installing the Tycho CHAPTER TWO 4 Plug the other end into the AC input connector on the chassis rear panel of the Tycho Initially upon power up 1 The unit will light the red Alarm Status LED for about ten seconds 2 Then it will continuously light the green Sync Status LED 3 When the unit locks onto a GPS signal and begins to decode the timing data and adjust the local oscillator the green Sync Status LED will flash very rapidly about a 6 Hz
117. you to safely perform moni toring and maintenance activities over the network Security conscious users can also disable any or all of the risky protocols such as Telnet Time and Daytime In addition access via SSH SNMP and Telnet can be restricted to specific hosts Refer to Appendix C SNMP and Appendix D Security for further information 1 Tycho GPS User Manual GPS Timing How It Works Where to Use It CHAPTER ONE Free FLASH Upgrades Firmware and configurable hardware parameters are stored in non volatile FLASH memory so the Tycho can be easily upgraded in the field using FTP and TELNET or the local RS 232 serial O port Secure upgrades are possible via SSH and SCP We make all firmware upgrades to our prod ucts available to our customers free of charge For firmware upgrade procedures refer to Appendix B Upgrading the Firmware The time and freguency engine in the Tycho receives transmissions from satellites that are operating in compliance with the Navstar GPS Interface Control Document ICD known as GPS ICD 200 It specifies the receiver interface needed to receive and demodulate the navigation and time transfer data contained in the GPS satellite transmissions The GPS navigation system reguires a means of synchronizing the satellite transmissions throughout the constellation so that accurate receiver to sat ellite range measurements can be performed via time of arrival measurements made at the receiver For the purposes of

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