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Lameness Locator™ TRAINING MANUAL

1. 20 RF Beginning LEP Phare 60 pushott 40 20 mash ihe mimi 0 T impad 0 S Plumber of Since sere aca tl imiti 60 pushol wl 20 20 0 40 mpe 50 Humber cf Sires Remember users should not simply compare calculated lameness values A1 A2 ratio Head and Pelvis Max and Min Diffs to the normal threshold values listed on the report Users should instead compare calculated lameness values between lunging to the left and lunging to the right Forelimb evaluation There is no accumulation of rays in any direction or quadrant when the horse is lunging to the left Most rays are pointing down toward the LF when the horse is lunging to the right so there is slight evidence Equinosis LLC Page 79 Lameness Locator User Manual of LF lameness when the horse is lunging to the right However there are no consistent elevations of mean Max Diff Head or Min Diff Head in one direction compared to the other and the standard deviations of Max Diff Head and Min Diff Head are greater than their respective means There is no strong evidence that this horse has forelimb lameness during the lunge Hind limb evaluation The pattern seen while the horse is lunging to the left red rays up on the right hind positive mean Max Diff Pelvis and green rays down on the left hind negative mean Min Diff Pelvis are often seen in sound horses i e this is an expected pattern in no
2. Lame Left Right Front Strides 0 720 Lame Left Right Hind Strides 3 17 Evaluator Notes before and or after data collection Equinosis LLC Page 56 Lameness Locator User Manual Primary Right Forelimb Lameness with Compensatory Hind Limb Asymmetry Front Limb Evaluation Hind Limb Evaluation RF End 40 20 maxdift lulu DIFFMIN o mindiff 40 40 LF Beginning LF End 4 impact impact 60 60 i 60 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 0 10 20 0 10 20 DIFFMAX Number of Strides Number of Strides AVA2 LF 0 0099 AVAZ LH 0 2346 Threshold 0 50 RF 0 8655 Threshold 0 17 RH 0 0748 Head Diff meanis d Max 6 805 5 617 Pelvis Diff mean sd Max 5 792 3 431 Threshold 6mm Min 13 754 7 606 Threshold t3mm Min 1 469 2 882 Lame Left Right Front Strides 1 27 Lame Left Right Hind Strides 17 5 10 5 Evaluator Notes before and or after data collection Report Interpretation Assistance Expert System Assessment Lameness Locator 2013 offers users assistance in interpreting the lameness variables under the following conditions 1 for evaluating a single trial with the horse trotting in a straight line in a single report 2 for evaluating lunge left and lunge right in a dual report 3 for evaluating which is the most likely primary limb in a potential multiple limb lameness case in the single report and 4 for evaluating the effectiveness of nerve and join
3. Lameness Locator User Manual 60 60 r Hind Limb Evaluation 60 r 60 4 pushoff 4 pushoff pushoff pushoff 40 J 40 40 40 0 0299 RH 0 00 S g i 0 3622 LH 0 6732 E E Z E E LLD 0 H 4 4 4 4 e e 4 Or Lj OFTA 4 4 R 0 t S S 20f 20 4 949 5 789 Max 12 348 4 448 20f 20 40 4 40 L 4 1 872 2 392 Min 4 878 2 717 40 4 40 4 impact 4 impact 4 impact 4 impact 60 J 60 J 60 60 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 Number of Strides Number of Strides Number of Strides Number of Strides Comments on Evaluating Change Due to Blocks or Therapy The variance of A1 A2 is dependent on the mean This means that as lameness severity increases or decreases the amount of change in A1 A2 that can be considered significant will also increase or decrease accordingly The 95 confidence interval for a significant change in forelimb A1 A2 is 0 31 times the value of A1 A2 The user can assume that a change in forelimb A1 A2 value for RF or LF by gt 0 31 A1 A2 after block or treatment will occur randomly i e no affect of block or treatment only one out of 20 times if the examination were conducted again The 95 confidence interval for a significant change in hind limb A1 A2 is 0 23 times the value of A1 A2 The user can assume that a change in hind limb A1 A2 value for
4. Note that when the owner is selected the owner information boxes become populated with previously entered information for the selected owner e Select the Manage Horses button e Select New e Enter information describing the horse You must at least enter information in the Horse Name text box Every other field is optional The Apply button will not become active until you enter text into the Horse Name field BB Manage Horses g S kan Horse list Horse information lt Horse Name Jm 6 v oO eee eS A ESA Dae TR RTS aae a x Taa Bafa BV ea BTR RVR BT pa cpg es Tl ee ee as 18 Owner S saa R S a pa n aTa ee a aa foss Pe n Ra BANA Be BANA Baa BA E a BP e O T T T T T T T ae PK BTR ar nae RTS TR Me ee Te aae T a 456567 Te R LT RTS RT R T RT Ke RR RVS RV x Case Breed Quarter Horse Enter information about horse Birth date or age 15 years Weight 800 Ibs M Leela faa eae ANS ae RET ee Ea eo Equinosis LLC Page 22 Lameness Locator User Manual e Select Apply to save this information or select Revert to erase entered data and return to a blank Manage Horses window Close the window by selecting Close twice to return to the Lameness Locator start screen to get ready to collect data This horse will now appear in the Current Horse dropdown field Equinosis LLC Page 23 Lameness Locator User Manual STEP BY STEP DATA COLLECTION e
5. User EQUINOSIS EVEA LAMENESS LOCATOR Customer Service 8 7 881 8002 www equinosis com uinosis Last Updated 01 29 13 Lameness Locator User Manual INDEX Turning the Sensors On and OT sss sss sse sse sse esse sse e e eenn ee e Charging the SGnS0rS ss sss ses see sse ss es pee vee sre ss e eers nee nenn en ee Keene enen e Ken Attaching the Sensors to the HOrSp sss sss ses ses see see sre ss e ree nee ne en e e nnna The Head SRGnSOT vcs sss ss sss sas nas a a aa aan nas a aa an seu aan aa an aan aan ban aa aa The Right Front Pastern RenS0r sss es ves ves es ves ves ves ves ves vee vese LO The A Ta Td TT E LAMENESS LOCATOR SOFTWARE wis vsega speret naer tr iiaae Opening Lameness LOCatOr ss sss ses sss see sss see ss ees resne een ne en ne en Kee en ee sn Overview of Lameness Locator Start RCTGGn ss sss sss sss s aas naa a aan baa aa an Adding New Cases to Databasp svec see ssesse sss ses see sees erren sn en eee pees Adding New Owner and Horse Informations sss sss sss ss 19 Adding New Horse To Existing Owner in Database 21 STEP BY STEP Data Collection wi sss sss sss sss sss sss sss sas nas a aas aan nas aana aaaa naaa Adding Custom Trials Surfaces and Blocks sss sss sss ses sese ss sese ses Rules of Thumb For Collecting Good Data sss ses sss ses ses see sese ses STEP BY STEP Generating An Analysis Reports sss see sse sss ses see sse sse sss Report Generation of Archiv
6. iy 2012 01 12 at 15 25 Baseline straight Weight Trial Baseline straight 2012 01 12 at 15 30 Baseline straight Surface S Block list a PDN ICJ RCJ aj ES zl Delete 3 Once a third trial is selected the Analyze Trial Data button changes to Tabulate Analysis Results Select as many trials as you would like to view on one report e Select Tabulate Analysis Results This opens the Analysis Tabulation Report dialog box Select View to generate the Lameness Locator Tabular Report of Multiple Trials Note that in the tabular reports the first analysis of any trial is used for comparison Equinosis LLC Page 64 Lameness Locator User Manual Page 1 noss T Case When Trialed Max Diff Head Min Diff Head Max Diff Pelvis Min Diff Pelvis Tri a Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD l l Baseline straight information 12 13 2012 at 10 29 A 1 891 1 585 2 2 504 12 496 4 465 and calculated Baseline straight 12 13 2012 at 10 56 A LH LatPIt 2 098 1 756 0 085 1799 2 394 0 087 2 469 lameness Baseline straight i variables 12 13 2012 at 11 00 A LH LatPlt 0 957 2 055 0 299 1 703 0 846 0 348 2 165 Baseline straight LH PUSHOFF 4 RH PUSHOFF 12 13 2012 at 10 29 A REINPACT MINDIFFHEAD MAX OHFFPELVIS MAXTHFFPELVIS HINDIFFPELYIS 1 HINDIFFPELVIS D 20 40 60 20 MAXDIFFHEAD Mimbar of Stri
7. 30 BLC RF End RE Beginning dL 2 CIFFIMIM CZ 20 45 Eerilinninc GC 10 20 0 20 LO ed DIF FRAGA BU BU v pL Shor 40 L pushuT 40 z H z eral t riaal U lou lh ilu rolin mindH 0D i ipul LC 2c E 20 Muviber of Slides Hambar u Slrides L inp 40 It is important to evaluate lunging in one direction always as a simultaneous comparison to lunging in the other direction Evaluating lunging in one direction in a separate single report is not useful and is not recommended Thresholds between normal and abnormal sound and lame reported by Lameness Locator were determined by trotting horses in straight lines and analyzing at least 25 strides These thresholds do not hold for data collected while the horse is lunging This is because many horses lunge with the torso tilted substantially towards the center of the circle which frequently results in head and pelvic movement asymmetry between left and right halves of the stride However many horses lunge with equivalent torso tilt in one direction compared to the other and in horses that are trained to lunge head and pelvis movement asymmetry will be equal in amplitude but opposite in direction while lunging in opposite directions Also research with lunging horses using this equipment has determined that certain patterns of movement are common in normal horses and that the accept
8. 4 z Head Diff mean sd 2 20 22 851 9 831 Max 22 324 7 231 20 l 15 061 8 178 Min 20 679 5 83 4l LF IMPACT LF PUSHOFF LF IMPACT LF PUSHOFF 60 60 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 MAXDIFFHEAD MAXDIFFHEAD SOFT SURFACE FORELIMB EXAMPLE Default Analysis Default Analysis 1 48 1 48 1 494 1 494 55755 58 58 60 r r 7 r r 60 RF End RF Beginnin RF End RF Beginnin 40 aiii 1 40 ew 20 20 L T Pal z 0 7 9 Q J 20 l 201 40 7 _ 40 LF Beginning LF End LF Beginning LF End 60 4 4 4 60 ni 4 1 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 DIFFMAX E DIFFMAX Equinosis LLC Page 52 Lameness Locator User Manual Some normal horses display symmetric vertical movement of the pelvis when lunging while others show quite dramatic asymmetric movement Two commonly seen hind limb patterns in normal horses are shown below The first commonly seen pattern is less pelvic fall in the inside hind limb and less pelvic rise on the outside hind limb Thus a horse when lunging to the left may have negative Min Diff Pelvis values and positive Max Diff Pelvis values and when lunging to the right may have positive Min Diff Pelvis values and negative Max Diff Pelvis values This asymmetry pattern is most commonly seen in soft footing In the example below while lunging to the left the horse comes down less on the inside hind limb the left hind limb and the hors
9. Baseline straight 0 Surface Block list LF PDN Location Notes Compare Analysis Results Close e Select Compare Analysis Results e This opens the Analysis Comparison Reports dialog box xi m Analytical Comparison Analysis information Analytical Results 1 Horse 2011 08 09 at 10 30 2012 04 02 at 22 25 Birth date or age I Weight e Trial A Surface Analytical Results 2 Block list 2011 08 09 at 10 29 Location Cs sS S OC S 2012 04 02 at 22 26 Notes S Methodology Custom Analysis T Change order 2 on left 1 on right View Close e f more than one report has previously been generated for a specific trial the user must select by single clicking the desired report to be included Once selected the trial to be included will be highlighted in blue As soon as two reports one for each trial have been successfully selected the View button will be activated Equinosis LLC Page 61 Lameness Locator User Manual x Analytical Comparison r Analysis information Analytical Results 1 Horse M 2012 04 02 at 22 25 Birth date or age Weight s Comparison Report Trial Lunge right After successful selection of two reports View button becomes active Analytical Results 2 gt 2011 08 09 at 10 29 R 2012 04 02 at 22 26 Methodology Default
10. activity not every stride collected will be analyzed Thus it is best to collect 25 to 35 strides per trial Forelimb evaluation There is an accumulation of rays in the LF End quadrant This is indicative of LF end of stance or push off type lameness End of stance forelimb lameness is uncommon Strike 1 for LF LF A1 A2 0 6 is slightly elevated above the threshold of 0 5 Strike 2 for the LF Mean Max Diff Head 9 9 mm is slightly elevated above the threshold of 6 mm Strike 3 for the LF and the standard deviation 8 2 mm is slightly less than the mean Strike 4 for the LF Although they are weak strikes just outside normal range this horse has 4 strikes against the LF Hind limb evaluation There is a preponderance of red rays pointing up on the right indicating RH push off type lameness Strike 1 for the RH RH A1 A2 ratio 0 35 is double normal threshold of 0 17 Strike 2 for the RH Mean Max Diff Pelvis 10 8 mm is elevated above the threshold of 3 mm Strike 3 for the RH and the standard deviation 2 5 mm is less than the corresponding mean Strike 4 for the RH This horse has 4 strikes against the LF and RH however the strikes are stronger relatively higher above normal threshold against the RH than LF The RH lameness is more convincing than the LF and therefore the most likely to be predominant Equinosis LLC Page 78 Lameness Locator User Manual Note For hind limb evaluations Max Diff Pelvi
11. with lunging to the left on the left and lunging to the right on the right Default Analysis Analysis Type Default Analysis 1 280 1 280 Stride Rate front hind 1 253 1 253 63 62 Strides Evaluated front hind 56 56 pn r i Front Limb Evaluation B0 an RF Ered RF Beginning ATA Threshold 0 50 aw RF Ered RF Baginning L A 0 037 LF 0 00 j 20 0 745 RF 1 1087 20 GC E of Li L 20 6 008 8 602 Max 14436 12006 20 inl 12986 12070 Min 23824 9189 4 LP Begining LF End 49 ep LP Beginning Lame Left Right Front Strides 8 55 0 56 80 LPP MAK The first thing one notices is that the forelimb ray diagram on the left does not have a preponderance of rays pointing in the opposite direction as the forelimb ray diagram on the right Comparing between lunging to the left and lunging to the right the length of the rays may be approximately equal in amplitude but they are not pointing in opposite directions Instead there is an accumulation of rays pointing in the RF Beginning quadrant for both lunging to the left and lunging to the right This is a strong indication of a true RF lameness Equinosis LLC Page 75 Lameness Locator User Manual The horse was re evaluated at a straight line trot after a RF PDN block resulting in the analysis below Stride Rate front hind 1 326 1 328 Strides Evaluated fronthind 37 37 mW Front Limb Evaluation Hind Limb Evaluation BU r 60 r pu
12. 02 Sensor is Ready e Enter trial information by selecting a trial option from the drop down menu Entering Surface Limb Block Location and Notes are optional Trial options include straight line lunge left lunge right before flexion LF distal limb flexion LF proximal limb flexion RF distal limb flexion RF proximal limb flexion LH distal limb flexion LH proximal limb flexion RH distal limb flexion RH proximal limb flexion Straight uphill and Straight downhill The user is also able to enter their own custom trial surface and block options refer to end of this section Note In order to select a block the user must first choose the limb that is being blocked from the Limb to block drop down menu After selecting limb blocked a list of relevant blocks for the fore and or hind limb selected will then appear in the Blocks for limb drop down list e Blocks performed previously will be stored and remain checked in the Blocks for limb drop down list if the next data collection occurs within two hours All checked blocks will remain in the Blocks for limb drop down list in subsequent trials on the same horse and in reports Equinosis LLC Page 26 Lameness Locator User Manual saved for that horse Thus it is unnecessary for the user to re enter this information as an evaluation progresses and additional subsequent blocks are performed e When blocking subsequent trials set up will always show the initial
13. 6 0 mm may indicate a right forelimb impact midstance or push off lameness A Min Diff Head less more negative than 6 0 mm may indicate a left forelimb impact midstance or push off lameness Side Max Diff Pelvis The Max Diff Pelvis is a measure of the difference in maximum pelvis height that occurs after right hind limb stance to that which occurs after left hind limb stance A Max Diff Pelvis greater than 3 0 mm or less than 3 0 mm is consistent with hind limb lameness A Max Diff Pelvis greater than Min Diff Pelvis The Min Diff Pelvis is a measure of the difference in minimum pelvis height that occurs during right hind limb stance to that which occurs during left hind limb stance A Min Diff Pelvis greater than 3 0 mm or less than 3 0 mm is consistent with hind limb lameness A Min Diff Pelvis greater than Equinosis LLC Page 50 Lameness Locator User Manual Evaluator Notes Results of expert system evaluations and any user entered notes will appear at the bottom of the report See Report Evaluation Assistance below Comments on Interpreting the Lameness Locator Report Highly variable data collected from misbehaving or anxious horses will generate results that are less reliable than data collected from well behaved and cooperative horses This will be reflected in the amplitudes of the standard deviations of the Head and Pelvic Max Diff and Min Diff values As a general means Conclusions about
14. AND HORSE INFORMATION e f necessary disconnect from the sensors Select Manage Horses and Owners from the Actions drop down list uinosis Current sensor group Current horse WHITE A FMi X Connect to Sensors Disconnected Start Stop z Sensor HEADY at Halter CH1 Disconnected Welcome To collect data plug in the receiver andNyrn on all sensors Once all sensors are on click the Connecttagensors button Sensor RFF at R F Pastern CH2 Disconnected Sensor PELVIS at Pelvis CH3 Disconnected e Select green GO button e This opens the Manage Owners dialog box Select New Manage Owners x Owner list Owner information fna assigned Owner _ Owner last name lest THER pae par SIE 5 e hen ite Pen i Ba Ban iaa aiia 3 Ta Tay TR TMC SC d n cove este net Owner first name iaa gi a aieia iila oiala aila iiaia aiiai aiiai KRAN Tee Te RTS RR mee BTR ee ee a a Telephone nn iia iala oiala aiiis aiiai aiala oilala aiiai siisi Pa Baa BPa BPa BPa BPa pae pae BPa a a PT e a a a a a i a aaa i E Pee e al Sa Ra aa Raf Ra af N Organization ide aiae oala la aia aia dia ia iae ais Faa a a e a a a Address line 1 Pe Ba 76 Barn R Ba aE aE a aE BVG x R RANN BAT RAR BAS RANS RAR BAR BANS BAS R y K 6 9 L a aa a aa aaa NN n aa a an Address line 2 es miie plete ailal aiala aial aii iel aiia siai City Per iaa en e ae ae Sa Sae K
15. Evaluation 60 60 4 pushott pushoff RF End RF Beginning 40 40 40 20 5 20 20 S 2 z AETA Ar TA neil E t rI Kh ofle at j t 20 F E 20 E 20 40 7 40 40 LF Beginning LF End 4 impact impact 60 i B I i 40 20 U 20 40 60 D 20 D 20 DIFF ALAS Number of Strides Number of Strides ATA LF 1 4821 AVAZ LH 0 1446 Threshold 0 50 RF 0 0164 Threshold 0 177 RH 0 1224 Head Diff mean s d Max 2 26 t 5 994 Pelvis Dif mean sd Max 1 525 2 002 Threshold 6mm Min 13 406 2 247 Threshold 3mm Min 1 927 2612 Lame Left Right Front Strides 3371 Lame Left Right Hind Strides jb 18 Forelimb evaluation There is an accumulation of rays pointing straight down in the forelimb ray diagram Since the rays are centered near the negative Y axis this is indicative of a LF midstance lameness Strike 1 for the LF LF A1 A2 ratio 1 48 is above threshold of 0 5 Strike 2 for the LF Min Diff Head 13 mm is above threshold of 6 mm with a standard deviation 9 2 mm less than the mean Strikes 3 and 4 for the LF As a review the Max Diff Head is plotted on the x axis with positive values to the right and negative numbers to the left of the origin Min Diff Head values are plotted on the y axis with positive values above and negative numbers below the origin In lameness with peak pain near midstance such as is evident in the above case Min Diff Head is predominantly affected Max Dif
16. Min Diff Head mean values with relatively higher standard deviations is typical for horses with generally symmetrical movement i e are not lame After the resolution of the right front lameness the left hind limb lameness is still measurable This is a secondary lameness and is not compensatory for the forelimb lameness Equinosis LLC Page 77 Lameness Locator User Manual An example of data from a horse with RH lameness on the straight and during the lunge Stride Rate front hind 1 36 1 36 Strides Evaluated front hind 19 719 Front Limb Evaluation Hind Limb Evaluation BU r r T r r 60 BU i pushoff pusho RF End RE Beginning 40 40 40 E 20 G 20 5 20 luii R erm 5 1 0 eau ieee i U f d 20 E 20 E 20 40 40 40 LE Beginning DF End impact impact 60 i B B 60 40 20 20 40 60 0 10 20 0 10 PC DIFF WAS Number of Strides Humber of Stride Alaa LF O 6127 ATAF LH 4 1081 Threshold 0 50 RF 0 2475 Threshold 0 17 RH 352 Head Diff means d Max M 9097 BITT Pelvis DIT mean sd Max 10 82 P51 Threshold 6mm Minz 4 70 6 082 Threshold 3imm Min 2 083 7 3 p53 Lame Left Right Front Strides 1277 Lame LeftiRight Hind Strides Fal 11 5 It should first be mentioned that in this trial only 19 strides were evaluated In order to acquire more reliable results trials should be collected such that at least 25 strides are analyzed Depending on the
17. RF Beginning quadrant indicative of a beginning of stance or impact lameness in the RF Strike 1 for the RF RF A1 A2 is 1 27 above the threshold of 0 5 Strike 2 for the RF Mean Max Diff Head is 23 3 mm and mean Min Diff Head is 24 6 mm both higher than the threshold of 6 mm Strike 3 for the RF The standard deviation of Max Diff Head 10 97 and Min Diff Head 8 57 are both smaller than their respective means Strike 4 for the RF Hind limb evaluation There is a preponderance of red rays pointing up on the left This indicates LH push off type lameness i e the horse is not pushing off the left hind limb as hard as it is pushing off the right hind limb Strike 1 for the LH LH A1 A2 ratio 0 31 is elevated above the threshold of 0 17 Strike 2 for the LH Mean Max Diff Pelvis 8 0 mm is above the threshold of 3 mm Strike 3 for the LH Standard deviation of Max Diff Pelvis 4 mm is less than its corresponding mean Strike 4 for the LH Equinosis LLC Page 74 Lameness Locator User Manual This evaluation has four strikes against a RF impact type and four strikes against LH push off type lameness The horse either has 2 limbs that are lame the RF and the LH or the horse has a primary RF lameness with compensatory contralateral push off lameness in the opposite hind limb Further evaluation of the horse is needed to differentiate Forelimb lameness evaluation while the horse was lunging is shown below
18. RH or LH by gt 0 23 A1 A2 after block or treatment will occur randomly i e no affect of block or treatment only one out of 20 times if the examination were conducted again The variances of Head and Pelvic Max Diff and Min Diff are not dependent on the mean This means that as lameness severity increases or decreases the amount of change in Head and Pelvic Max Diff and Min Diff that can be considered significant is constant The 95 confidence interval for a significant 3 0 mm respectively Therefore the user can assume that a change in Max Diff Head or Min Mid Diff Head gt 6 mm or a change in Max Diff Pelvis or Min Diff Pelvis gt 3 mm will occur randomly i e no affect of block or treatment only 1 out of 20 times if the examination were conducted again Comments on Compensatory Lameness Patterns Primary lameness in the forelimb can cause compensatory or false vertical pelvic asymmetry and primary lameness in the hind limb can cause compensatory or false vertical head movement asymmetry Knowledge of these patterns will assist the user in correctly identifying the location of primary lameness The compensatory lameness patterns in trotting horses have sometimes been referred to as the Law of Sides According to the Law of Sides a horse with primary hind limb lameness may show Equinosis LLC Page 55 Lameness Locator User Manual compensatory ipsilateral forelimb asymmetry and primary forelimb lameness ma
19. When you move the stylus over one of these headings you will notice that the curser changes to a hand Double click to open the Manage Custom Trials or Manage Custom Surfaces window gt Select NEW A text box will open Enter the desired Trial or Surface respectively gt Select OK gt The new Trial or Surface option will now appear in the drop down menu for that heading Note that custom additions will appear at the bottom of the list they will not be listed alphabetically Custom Trial Entry Example Basic Trial Information Horse BO Birth date or age FO Weight E E Trial Po lt l ea Lim Ff Blocks for limb Location Notes 8 I cancel _ L Manage Custom Trial KS Built in and custom trials Built in Custom Sample Trial Lunge left w surcingle Ow J o Close Equinosis LLC Page 30 Lameness Locator User Manual Add Custom Trial x canci Add Custom Trial x Text Lunge right w surcingle cne Da Custom Trias x 1 Built in and custom trials Y Built in Custom Sample Trial Lunge left w surcingle Lunge right w surcingle con k Close Custom Surface Entry Example Eee gt Built in and custom surfaces Built in Custom Sample Surface Birth di Ue Bluestone Cance e You can also edit the Lameness Locator preset lists by hiding them from appearing in the d
20. and downward movement of the pelvis on the inside hind limb see below This pattern is most commonly seen while lunging on harder and firmer surfaces In one in depth study this pattern was seen in 12 5 of normal horses while lunging 60 60 40 20 maxcilt maxcilt a 07 E max diti mindiff i mindiff i impact impact 60 B0 0 50 0 50 Number of Stides Number of Stides Number of Strides Number of Strides Evaluating Flexion Tests Lameness Locator can be used to objectively quantify the effect of flexion tests However the threshold and 95 confidence intervals of the lameness values reported above are not valid for comparison A baseline trial without flexion of the approximate number of strides as would be evaluated after a flexion test should first be collected Most practitioners evaluate the results of the flexion test by observing the horse trotting off away from them for less than 10 strides So it is typical straight line trial This trial can then be used as the baseline comparison to the post flexion test collections For example below are the hind limb lameness ray diagrams of a horse before left plot and after right plot a positive left hock flexion test Before flexion A1 A2 LH was 0 36 and Max Diff Pelvis was 4 9 mm After flexion A1 A2 LH increased to 0 67 and Max Diff Pelvis decreased absolute value increased to 12 3 mm Equinosis LLC Page 54
21. first display the Manage Trials dialog box Nisennnarted lonce all sensors are nn click the Connect tn Sensars hutinn l x Trial list Trial information 2011 08 09 at 10 26 Lunge len Horse 2011 08 09 at 10 29 Lunge right 2011 08 09 at 10 32 Baseline straight Birth date or age 2012 01 12 at 15 24 Baseline straight R 2012 01 12 at 15 25 Baseline straight Weight 2012 01 12 at 15 30 Baseline straight E Trial Surface Block list lt S L Location Notes g L analyses Se Close e Select a first trial for comparison by single clicking on the desired trial Note the first trial selected will be displayed on the left side of the dual report e Select the Ctrl button on the tablet keypad with the pen stylus Equinosis LLC Page 60 Lameness Locator User Manual e Select a second trial for comparison Note the second trial selected will be displayed in the right side of the dual report e Once the second trial is selected the Analyze Trial Data button changes to Compare Analysis Results Pn S Trial list Trial information 2011 08 09 at 10 26 Lunge left Horse IN Example 2011 08 09 at 10 29 Lunge right 2011 08 09 at 10 32 Baseline straight Birth date or age Weight 2012 01 12 at 15 24 Baseline straight 0 ht 2 Trial Baseline straight 2012 01 12 at 15 25 Baseline straig 2012 01 12 at 15 30
22. in increments x 10 Gross Data z for Head until the desired selection is made These strides are now included EZ E a Fewer strides More strides OK Cancel Plots of head and right forelimb signals After selecting OK forelimb lameness evaluation is initiated e During the processing the user will notice a series of plots appearing and disappearing on the screen e Each plot is a graphical display of right forelimb pastern angular velocity from the right forelimb sensor and the computed trajectory of vertical head movement Equinosis LLC Page 38 Lameness Locator User Manual e The right forelimb pastern angular velocity signal is green The head acceleration signal is red with red asterisks at head maximum positions and blue asterisks at head minimum positions e Each right forelimb angular velocity peak represents the approximate time of break over of the right forelimb foot e Below is an example tracing from just one stride of the signals being plotted Right forelimb angular velocity green signal Maximum head ab 1stride positions red asterisks Vertical head movement red signal Fy m f X Minimum head positions blue asterisks SECOND USER INTERACTION Do you want to remove outlier strides horse misbehaving e The forelimb lameness ray diagram will then be plotted e A window appears asking the user Do you want to remove outlier strides horse
23. is standing squarely on both hind limbs Using Reinforcement Tape to Stabilize the Pelvic Sensor In horses with long hair horses that are dusty or dirty horses that may sweat horses that are wet or horses with hair that is slick e g after being groomed with commercially available products it is best to stabilize the pelvic sensor by additionally securing it with reinforcement tape The purpose of the tape is to stabilize the sensor and prevent it from wiggling independently of the vertical motion of the pelvis Wiggling will create noise in the signal which will make the data analysis more difficult A good rule of thumb to use to decide if additional reinforcement is required is to assess sensor attachment by grabbing and lifting it slightly pulling gently up If the sensor moves up by more than a few millimeters this indicates that the 3M Dual Lock tape strip applied to the horse is sticking only to the hair and not to the skin of the horse Additional taping will make data analysis more accurate and easier to accomplish particularly if evaluating subtle hind limb lameness The taping should apply downward pressure on the top of the sensor and does not need to conform to the sides of the sensor A recommended method of taping is presented below In some cases two strips criss crossed may be sufficient For added security up to six strips may be used Equinosis LLC Page 13 Lameness Locator User Manual Utilizing the pel
24. lameness made on data in which the amplitudes of the standard deviations are much greater than the amplitude of the corresponding means should be considered tentative By contrast when the horse is sound A1 A2 values less than thresholds and Head and Pelvic Max Diffs and Min Diffs within normal range the standard deviations are expected to be of the same general amplitude or greater than the mean values Lameness values A1 A2 ratios Head and Pelvic Max Diffs and Min Diffs below threshold may still be significant i e indicate very mild asymmetry when the standard deviations of the Head and or Pelvic Max Diffs and or Min Diffs are also less than their respective mean values Lunging and Flexion Tests is collected while the horse is lunging or after flexion tests The thresholds are not valid during lunging because the horse s torso is tilted toward the inside of the circle resulting in asymmetric vertical head and or pelvic movement in many horses This asymmetric vertical movement is quite dramatic in some normal sound horses yet very mild in others Asymmetries are greater for lunging circles smaller in diameter The thresholds are also not valid after flexion tests since the consequences of most flexion tests are evaluated within the first 10 strides as the horse trots off from the examiner after the flexion test However Lameness Locator can still be used to evaluate the horse at the lunge and after flexion tests and in s
25. left hind outside hind limb push off asymmetries are displayed This isa common pattern in normal horses while lunging The ray diagrams from lunging in opposite directions are mirror images of each other In this particular case the amplitudes of push off asymmetries between the two lunging directions are not equal however the significant LF lameness may be contributing to compensatory movements in the pelvis The most significant lameness in this case is the LF Equinosis LLC Page 73 Lameness Locator User Manual An example of data from a horse with RF and LH lameness Stride Rate front hind 1 345 1 3445 Strides Evaluated fironthind 40 40 Front Limb Evaluation Hind Limb Evaluation BU c T v c 60 60 i pushoff pushoff RF End REF Beginning 40 d f F 40 40 20 5 20 S 20 Jud T 0 af Wl Jeeta 0 U I 1 i S 20 E 20 20 40 l 40 40 LF Beginning LF End impact impact 60 L 7 50 i d 60 i H 40 20 0 Z0 40 60 a 20 40 a 20 40 DF F NID S Humber af Sindes Number of Simdes AVA2 LF 0 00 ATA LH 0 3159 Threshold 050 RF 1 2788 Threshold 0 17 RH 0 0054 Head Diff mearn s d Max 25 245 1087 Pelvis Diff mean sd Max 5 004 4 034 Threshold 6mm Min 24 661 8 57 Threshold 3mm Min 2 578 32 034 Lame Left Right Front Strides 0 av Lame Left Right Hind Strides 38 5 715 Forelimb evaluation There is an accumulation of rays pointing in the
26. limb blocked with its previously selected blocks as the default In order to add additional blocks to other limbs if switching to another limb is indicated in an evaluation the user must then select the desired limb All blocks checked for each respective limb will be displayed in the report Enter Basic Trial Information x Da paa ge pel Horse D a r C4 Birth date or age l l Weight 4 Trial information must be entered Tid a Surface Limb Blocks for limb Click OK when ready cence information is optional When information is entered in the Trial box the OK button will be activated When the OK button is selected data collection will be initiated If you are not are ready to initiate the trial and data collection For example the horse may be instrumented in one location an exam room but then evaluated in another location The pause button can be selected while the horse is being moved to this new location Data collection is reinitiated by re selecting the start button Note that once connection to sensors is made and a trial is set up it is best not to get too far from the horse or introduce a barrier between the user and the horse such as the horse moving to the outdoors while the user and tablet remain indoors which may inadvertently disrupt the Bluetooth connection In this situation the user might then select the START button to initiate data collection and the sensors will
27. plug in the receive ond turn Disconnected Once oll sensors ore on click the p Sensor MOE at Halter CH1 Sensor LARRY at B F Hoot CH2 Sensor CURLY at Pelvis CH3 e Select the GO button Current sensor group Current horse Actions THREE STOOGES gt Iha LAMENESS CLASS Manage Owners and Horses V a Wel U To collect data plug in the receiver and turn on all sensors Once all sensors are on click the Connect to Sensors button Sensor MOE at Halter CHI LARRY at R F Hoof CH2 CURLY at Pelvis CH3 e This brings the user to the Manage Owners dialog box Select the correct owner from the Owner list After selection of the correct owner the right side of the Manage Owners dialog Equinosis LLC Page 43 Lameness Locator User Manual box is automatically filled in with the information previously added To go to the specific horse to be analyzed from that owner either A double click on the owner s name in the Owner list or B select Manage Horses button lower right corner of screen Manage Owners m Owner list B Or Select here to go to horses of this owner go deed dega aa 1 Select the correct owner from Owner list rganizavon Address line 1 A double click to go to horses of Ies ans AAN e L S n ae City this this owner ae oo o L State or province awe ign its Manage Horses i New Edit inie Revert e This brings the user to t
28. the GO button Current sensor roup Curent horse Actions THREE STOOGES Micka LAMENESS CLASS Manage Owners and Horses N X Connect to Sensors Welcome To collect data plug in the receiver and turn on oll sensors Disconnected Once oll sensors ore on click the Connect to Sensors button Sensor MOE at Halter CH1 Sensor LARRY at R F Hoot CH2 Sensor CURLY at Pelvis CH3 e This opens the Manage Owners dialog box Select the desired owner by double clicking on the owner s name OR single clicking and then selecting Manage Horses Equinosis LLC Page 45 Lameness Locator User Manual Manage Owners AT information Owner last name test Owner first name Telephone f 1 mae a E mail Pelak L auaa aa ee aa a aa a ae EERO ELTEL Ee n ee BANN RANK R gan z S KP aRar se s e Ee E ae e ae a l Sa ge aK aK a ba mae aK a x Address line 1 S RUS BTR Ogee BARR BANS RR g Baa BA BAS Be Be g Address line 2 2 Sale a Sae a PCS NATAL E ee ee BTR A BANS RH a City a ae mpa ee s ae aK a i RL GTR a aa State or province n ae Mia sa sa ale Bae Sa R Re ae ew Manage Horses nmi M Close Owner list e This opens the Manage Horses dialog box Select the desired horse by double clicking on the horse s name OR single clicking and then selecting Manage Data and Reports Man
29. tuberosities taking into consideration the correct position and orientation of the pelvic sensor The sensor should be on the dorsal midline with the plastic lip projecting forward and the LEDs facing towards the left side of the horse 3 Open one clip press down slightly and grab a tuft of hair pinching as many stands of hair as possible Repeat for the opposite clip 5 Gently pull the sensor up to verify if the plate is well attached to the horse Equinosis LLC Page 14 Lameness Locator User Manual LAMENESS LOCATOR SOFTWARE Opening Lameness Locator Double click on the Lameness Locator icon on the desktop Select YES when prompted to allow Lameness Locator to open Wait for the splash screen to load LAMENESS LOCATOR BY EQUINOSIS l EE m 7 Loading application data If you are not utilizing the Equinosis back up drive this message will appear Select ignore to proceed with start up warning The Equinosis external drive was not Found Please reinsert the drive provided by Equinosis and click the Retry button Ignore Equinosis LLC Page 15 Lameness Locator User Manual Overview of Lameness Locator Start Screen ee 0 5 a T H Sa ea a a ol Lameness Locator by Equinosis a x Current sensor group Current horse Actions AOTRET rapper a ec bat P s Comnectto Sensors 1 Welcome re fa To collect data pl
30. 1 69 Max AP857805 TASHA Min 91 11 89 LF T in 2 Hind Limb Evaluation ATA 0 2079 0 0468 LH 0 1872 0 2303 Pali HS 9 9009 7 797 a Ba 7 979 i 1 n 9 1347 3 897 at JU lt LA SI Z1FFI FL ul PM rr Wt U 720 HI JUS 12 IVE ero LEI EST F PLEb cer 4 ox ff x J g aea AFFA M4 ER l JAURENA oy HIL ALIA S t R BH jx T er ee i f V bh me N Was U U ri KR L H HST N EH Wa T a 1 z C ER Hn ln tate KALLE 71 7511 D2 Evaluator Notes ba nearer er data collection First selected trial report Second selected trial report Equinosis LLC Page 63 Lameness Locator User Manual TABULAR REPORT FUNCTION The Tabular Report function in Lameness Locator facilitates comparison of evaluations of more than two reports such as before and after multiple blocks or comparing the effects of multiple different flexion tests To create and open a tabular report the user must first go to the Manage Trials dialog box e Select a first trial for comparison Select the Ctrl button on the tablet keyboard with the pen stylus e Select the subsequent trials for comparison Manage Trials x M Trial list Trial information 2011 08 09 at 10 26 Lunge left Horse M Example 2011 08 09 at 10 29 Lunge right 2011 08 09 at 10 32 Baseline straight Birth date or age 2012 01 12 at 15 24 Baseline straight
31. Analysis T Changorder 2 on left 1 on right View Close h Must select one report for each Trial Analytical Result e Optional You can change the order of reports by selecting the check box lower left of window This will place the first selected report on the right and the second selected report on the left e Select View to generate the Dual Report All calculated lameness values A1 A2 Max Diff and Min Diff are reported for both forelimbs and hind limbs for both trials in the middle of the report side by side with the first selected trial on the left and the second selected trial on the right unless the Change Order box was checked on previous screen Equinosis LLC Page 62 Lameness Locator User Manual Comparison Report LAMENESS LOCATOR cases by EQUINOSIS Owner Sample owner Trial Lunge lett Date S062010 at 11 19 Atel Blocks Chaat Analysis 1 348 27177 K y p pioi HI Ha r S J E c U d LE LEH IFF lZ OF E k 1 70 LS Eu BiG TIFFFFSI 20 20 l PATAI we KIFS Fa 7 20 ix ER L S All IE E IL T Erg g 10 L BS L Z 20 S L ra F x RAST II a z a Hd n 1 Flik d Hl n gt Fler 14 489 Gl Win 4 Horse Sample Trial Lunge right Date S062010 at 11 20 Ahi grace Awalpsis VOE Cera Analysis 1 313 Strides Eyaluated frant hind 39 30 IHA LA HSS ir ae 90 693 11
32. Ge Actions drop down box Selecting this button activates the selection in the e Connect and Disconnect toggle button The first selection connects to sensors Subsequent selection disconnects from sensors NOTE Once sensors are connected Current sensor group Current horse and Actions drop down lists become inactive e Message area Messages appear to inform users of connection status or errors in Lameness Locator software Equinosis LLC Page 17 Lameness Locator User Manual e Start Pause Stop Buttons start pause and stop data collection NOTE Start pause and stop data collection buttons are inactive until sensors are connected to the receiver of the Motion Computing tablet PC e Live display area a strip chart like area indicating streaming live data collection for all three channels The top chart displays live vertical head acceleration The middle chart displays live right forelimb pastern angular velocity The bottom chart displays live vertical pelvic acceleration When the signal reaches the far right edge of the screen it will continue at the left edge of the screen Equinosis LLC Page 18 Lameness Locator User Manual ADDING NEW CASES TO THE DATABASE A case must be added to the database before any data can be collected Adding a case to the database populates i e adds a new entry to the Current horse drop down list Most often the user will need to ADDING NEW OWNER
33. HOFF w RH PUSHOFF gt 2 2 A1 02 Threshold 0 17 gt 20 z E z 0 4051 LH 0 55 E x rai 10 5 10 fa 10 3 2 0 0281 RH 0 004 3 2 K a a a i Ka Of ryiry rrp T C OSH Oferen n o E 1 Pelvis Diff Mean SD 7 7 iis S S Threshold 3mm S ba Fa 10 La 10 W 2 G 5 418 3 268 Max 58 303 3 064 S 7 S S S 0 1 796 3 55 Min 3714 4469 5 0 L LH IMPACT RH IMPACT ee ee v LH IMPACT RHIMPACT 30 30 30 0 20 D 20 p 10 20 D 10 20 Number of Strides Number of Strides Number of Strides Number of Strides Evaluator Notes before and or after trial and Expert System Assessment if applicable There is strong evidence of mild moderate LF lameness There is no evidence of LF lameness There is no evidence of RF lameness There is strong evidence of mild moderate RF lameness There is strong evidence of mild moderate LH lameness There is strong evidence of moderate severe LH There is no evidence of RH lameness SETE Z There is no evidence of RH lameness The LF larneness was eliminated DUAL REPORT FUNCTION The Dual Reporting function in Lameness Locator facilitates comparison of evaluations before and after a block comparing lunging in one direction to the other and the effects of flexion tests The user is also able to compare two different reports of the same trial for instance if the user generated a new report with outliers removed e To create and open a dual report the user must
34. Insert the USB receiver into a USB port in the tablet PC Turn on your sensors and instrument the horse as previously described e Open Lameness Locator program e Select the correct set of sensors if more than one set is owned and available Welcome E T To collect data plug in the receiver and turn on all sensors Once oll sensors are on click the Connect to Sensors button L MY KIDS MARY COLORS THREE STOOGES Sensor MOE at Halter CH1 Sensor LARRY at PL F Hoof CH2 Sensor CURLY at Pelvis CH3 e Enter owner and horse information as previously described or choose the appropriate horse from the current horse drop down menu if previously entered Current sensor group THREE STOOGES X Connect to Sensors Disconnected Sensor MOE at Halter CH1 Sensor LARRY at R F Hoot CH2 Sensor CURLY at Pelvis CH3 Equinosis LLC Page 24 Lameness Locator User Manual e Select Connect to Sensors on the Lameness Locator start screen a Connect to Sensors After this button is selected and the sensors are found and connected to the LL software the small unplugged icon on the Connect to Sensors button will change to a small plugged icon If the software cannot connect to the sensors a message will be displayed in the text box at the top of the window indicating no connection Common reasons for not being able to e Lamene
35. Lameness Locator because they sample motion at 200 times per second are more sensitive than the human eye which samples at only about 20 25 times per second Small differences in motion amplitude of the torso caused by impact and push off of the right and left halves of the body can be detected by the inertial sensors that would not be detected with the unaided human eye This higher sensitivity will also detect compensatory movement patterns in the opposite half of the body that are normally not seen or appreciated subjectively The veterinarian can use the whole torso movement picture both primary and compensatory patterns to help objectively detect and evaluate lameness in the horse Work on the concept of Lameness Locator began at the University of Missouri in the early 1990s The motion analysis algorithms were developed over several years after investigating the characteristic motion in lame and sound horses using naturally occurring and induced lameness models high speed cameras and the equine treadmill Adaptation of these algorithms to an inertial sensor based system began in the year 2000 Equinosis LLC a faculty startup company funded by local angel investors was formed in 2008 Further support of Equinosis for additional research and development is provided by the National Science Foundation Small Business Technology Transfer Research grant program Equinosis LLC Page 4 Lameness Locator User Manual THE SENSORS Each set o
36. State or province z n a a al aa a BAR BANS BAS R Pe Bea e a ala aiaia aila aiil aliala aiiai P a TS RUT RV ee TR RAUT RMK a x Manage Horses Now eat oie r Close Equinosis LLC Page 19 Lameness Locator User Manual e Enter information about owner Note Owner last name is the only required field Select Apply to save Manage Owners Owner list Owner first name f Telephone ras N E mail la n a a ALAN a aa a aa n ann i I nae as ae aaa aas Organization FO LR aN O oes o_o oa n S Po Pama arr Address line 1 IB aoe P P Maib Address line 2 m T Pre aa a aa a an a ana New Edit Delete e Selecting Apply returns to the Manage Owners dialog box The owner just entered will appear in the Owner List Double click on the highlighted owner or select Manage Horses Manage Owners amp x Owner list Owner information TE Ap e a a a eT Owner last name a eget aga L ne cL eg cL nga Owner first name Telephone FO E mail PC O Organization FO Address line 1 ee Address line 2 City State or province Manage Horses Apply Revert Close e This brings the user to the Manage Horses dialog box Select New Manage Horses Horse list Horse information e Enter identifying information about the horse You must enter text into the Horse Name fie
37. T SITTING Po aP aP T MTR RT RTS MT RTS RETS RTK N 2008 10 05 at 13 07 LEFT SITTING Bifth date or age 2008 10 05 at 13 08 LEFT mapen E 2009 10 05 at 13 09 Weight Or Select here to go 2008 10 05 at 13 10 Trial STRAIGHT 10 05 at 13 11 a a ie Trial info D to Analyze Trial Data Limb amp Surface X 1 Select correct trial from Trial Lacio list Notes A double click to Analyze Trial Analyze Trial Data Data Delete l Close Equinosis LLC Page 44 Lameness Locator User Manual e This will bring the user to the Manage Analysis Results dialog box Select Generate New Analysis on the lower left side of the screen which will launch the analysis Rams Analysis Results C Analytical Results List Analysis Information 2008 10 21 at 09 45 2009 03 24 at 18 03 2009 07 16 at 14 30 2009 08 22 at 12 52 Generate New Analysis f Close e After selecting Generate New Analysis of the selected trial data analysis is initiated Reviewing Previously Generated Reports e Open Lameness Locator e Select Manage Owners and Horses from the Actions drop down list Current sensor group Current horse THREE STOOGES ficka LAMENESS CLASS Welcome e 1 To collect data plug in the receive Disconnected Once oll sensors ore on click the T gt Connect to Sensors Sensor MOE at Halter CH1 Sensor LARRY at FL F Hoot CH2 Sensor CURLY at Pelvis CH3 e Select
38. This is a common occurrence e There are two options to select from the Is the selection correct dialog box gt Ifthe user is satisfied with the starting and end points select yes in the Selection box This will initiate further analysis In most cases the default selections of the gt if the user is not satisfied with the starting and end points select no In this example below the last segment of strides was not included in the selection for analysis This occasionally occurs if a minimum of 6 contiguous strides is not achieved in one direction before the horse stops and turns around By selecting No a stride filter sliding bar tool will selection is achieved To decrease the selection slide the bar to the left in the same manner The upper limit of the stride selection is 0 5 or strides that fall within 50 of the median stride rate If a selection is not made with the sliding bar pulled all the way to the right then the variability of the stride rate was too great for this segment and inclusion of those strides for analysis would not be desirable Equinosis LLC Page 37 Lameness Locator User Manual Analyze Trial Data Go SHE Aamo E OF x 10 Gross Data z for Head 35 These strides not included 2 5 Fewer strides More strides OK Cancel Acceleration ho h Custom Analysis HSse Qanes 208 Slide bar to the right
39. a RED LED on the left side of the sensor will turn on indicating charging has begun Charging indicator LED e When sensors are fully charged this LED will turn off Equinosis LLC Page 7 Lameness Locator User Manual Removing the Sensors From the Battery Charger e Hold the battery charger in the palm of one hand and use the thumb of the other hand to apply pressure inward and upward on the lip of the sensor Once this end of the sensor is free remove the sensor at an angle Prolonging long term life of the Lameness Locator sensors It is best not to continuously charge sensors unattended overnight Unattended charging of the sensors overnight will repeatedly top off the sensor batteries and is not recommended for routine charging Repeating this night after night will degrade long term battery life due to progressive battery terminal corrosion The sensors will require 1 to 2 hours to fully charge from the fully depleted low voltage state Charging will be considerably faster when only partially discharged Sensors are fully functional without full charge Do not leave the Lameness Locator sensors inside the car or truck cab during a hot day The lithium polymer batteries will degrade more quickly at high temperatures Also and most importantly if the temperature rises above 138 degrees F the battery may combust or become irreversibly damaged Equinosis LLC Page 8 Lameness Locator User Manual Attach
40. able patterns for normal horses are somewhat dependent on hardness of ground Data collected while the horse is lunging is best evaluated by simultaneous comparison of the ray diagrams and lameness values resulting from lunging in one direction to that resulting from lunging in the other direction On hard ground such as asphalt it is not uncommon for normal horses to exhibit head movement asymmetry that mimics inside forelimb impact beginning of stance lameness and to exhibit pelvic movement asymmetry that mimics inside hind limb impact beginning of stance and push off end of stance lameness Equinosis LLC Page 72 Lameness Locator User Manual On soft ground such as sand it is not uncommon for normal horses to exhibit head movement asymmetry that mimics outside forelimb push off lameness and to exhibit pelvic movement asymmetry that mimics inside hind limb impact and outside hind limb push off lameness Lunging data in the above case indicates LF lameness while lunging in either direction with exacerbation of LF lameness while lunging to the left Hind limb results display a common patterns that are equal and opposite when comparing lunging in one direction to lunging in the other direction Note that while lunging to the left left hind inside hind limb impact and right hind outside hind limb push off asymmetries are displayed Similarly for lunging to the right right hind inside hind limb impact and
41. age Horses Horse list Bg eg Bag Ag Bg Ag AP Bab Sa S glia Pa paa Bae Ban BTR Baa RVR Ba RAR e nan AES a S dN TS aae ATN aK x i PR ee BAR BAR RAR BAS RVR eT aal fcn 7 MAS ANR BANG pe TT oe ee ee 144659 Manage Data and Reports New Edit Delete Close e This opens the Manage Trials dialog box Select the desired trial by double clicking on the trial OR single clicking and then selecting Analyze Trial Data Manage Trials Trial list Trial information roe a SO nT Pig A d f Ne aT r siorse PSE ROUNE ME NEE 2008 11 03 at 14 44 2 Birth date or age Weight Trial 1 X Block Limb amp Surface X v Location Notes Analyze Trial Data Delete e This opens the Manage Analysis Results dialog box To view the report select a report by double clicking on the desired report OR single click and select View Norse PLAYIN DANIEL DOONE Equinosis LLC Page 46 Lameness Locator User Manual The Lameness Locator Report LAMENESS LOCATOR Analysis Report Y e QuINosis Owner horse and p 153081 Data from 7 22 2010 at 3 06 PM trial specific Ne e Owner aan data Baseline straight Block Limb Surface Straight downhill Analysis was performed with default application settings Stride Rate 1 382 Strides Evaluated front hind 23 23 Front Limb Eva
42. ameness values will give the user a more quantitative description of the forelimb and hind limb lameness There are two general measures that are reported for both forelimb and hind limb lameness 1 the A1 A2 ratios and 2 the maximum and minimum height differences for head and pelvic motion The A1 A2 values A2 can be considered the amount of head or pelvic movement following the center of mass of the body or the expected normal movement A1 can be considered the amount of head or pelvic movement due to lameness The A1 A2 ratios are general measures of the asymmetry of movement over the entire collected trial A1 A2 ratio is reported for RF forelimb lameness attributed to asymmetry in the right forelimb LF forelimb lameness attributed to asymmetry in the left forelimb RH hind limb lameness attributed to asymmetry in the right hind limb and LH hind limb lameness attributed to asymmetry in the left hind limb As a general rule of thumb the threshold between soundness and lameness for A1 A2 of the right and left forelimb is 0 50 A1 A2 forelimb ratios above 0 50 are suspicious of forelimb lameness with an increasing suspicion as the A1 A2 increases As a general rule of thumb the Equinosis LLC Page 49 Lameness Locator User Manual A1 A2 hind limb ratios above 0 17 are suspicious of hind limb lameness with an increasing suspicion as the A1 A2 increases The Max Diff and Min Diff values Max Diff Head Min Diff Head Max Dif
43. an S D Mac 36 171 14377 Pelvis Diff Mean SD Mace 4897 5 949 Threshold Zm Min 23 402 f 12437 Threshold Z Tenn Min 1 257 3 481 Evaluator Notes before and or after data collection There is strong evidence of moderate severe LF lameness There iS no evidence of RF lameness Tipis S Poe RLE lt Le L EN TE Sam Expert System for Lunging Evaluation For lunge left compared to lunge right trials viewed in the dual report only refer to instructions on how to generate a dual report later in this manual Evidence for lameness is either positive or negative for forelimbs and hind limbs severity of lameness is not assessed This expert system evaluates the patterns of head and pelvic movement and compares to known normal patterns of sound horses Known normal patterns are judged to be normal unless the amplitude of asymmetry head or pelvic between right and left lunges is significantly different The direction which displays the lameness during the lunge best is also presented Expert System for Blocking Based on the satisfaction of particular criteria the system will report the percentage of improvement pre to post block on two straight line trials viewed in the dual report refer to instructions on how to block The system is not invoked for comparing blocks in lunging or flexion test trials The system is only invoked if the user specifies a limb and a block in the trial set up in
44. back up if you choose to back up your data more frequently than weekly TO RUN A MANUAL BACK UP OF LAMENESS LOCATOR RAW DATA FILES USING THE EQUINOSIS USB BACK UP DRIVE e Be sure the Equinosis USB backup drive is inserted into one of the USB ports of the tablet e Open Lameness Locator e Select Archive Data For Export from the Actions Drop Down Menu e Export data window will open e Check the archive data to external Equinosis drive e Select Export Data Data will be compressed into a zipped file e When the backup is completed an Export Succeeded message will appear in the window next to the Export Data button Select Close TO RUN A MANUAL BACK UP OF LAMENESS LOCATOR RAW DATA FILES USING A NON EQUINOSIS USB BACK UP DRIVE e Insert USB memory stick drive into one of the USB ports of the tablet e Open Lameness Locator e Select Archive Data For Export from the Actions Drop Down Menu e Export data window will open e Leave the archive data to external Equinosis drive UNCHECKED e Check allow renaming or moving the copy of the exported data file e Select Export Data Data will be compressed into a zipped file e Upon completion a Copy Exported Data File As window will open For your convenience you can rename the auto generated file to something you will easily recognize such as LLbackup01 12 12 7z You must include the 7z file extension e Select where y
45. ber sacrale should be within this area Attaching the 3M Dual Lock Tape Across the Tuber Sacrale The pelvis will rotate to one side when the horse is not standing with equal weight on both hind limbs It is important to try to find the center between the tuber sacrale when the horse is bearing weight equally on both hind limbs Using a long piece of 3M Dual Lock tape approximately 2 inches to span across the tuber sacrale area will give the user latitude for repositioning the sensor later if needed In many cases the 3M Dual Lock tape will stick to the body well enough without clipping of hair or additional gluing or taping In horses with very long hair especially if it is dirty shortening the hair in the area with clippers may be necessary Attaching the Pelvic Sensor to the Strip of 3M Dual Lock Tape on the Pelvis In horses with short and clean hair it will usually suffice to simply press the 3M Dual Lock tape on the underside of the pelvic sensor strip of 3M Dual Lock tape on the horse The exact center between the Equinosis LLC Page 12 Lameness Locator User Manual tuber sacrale can be found by pressing your finger down on the 3M Dual Lock tape strip see picture below The deepest valley induced by this pressure is the approximate center between the tuber sacrale After attaching the sensor to the 3M Dual Lock tape strip on the horse the midline position should be checked by standing behind the horse and viewing while it
46. ce phase of the right hind limb compared to the left hind limb The y axis on the left plot moves from zero at the origin to increasing negative Max Diff Pelvis above the horizontal and from zero at the origin to increasing negative Min Diff Pelvis below the horizontal The y axis on the right plot moves from zero at the origin to increasing positive Max Diff Pelvis above the horizontal and from zero at the origin to increasing positive Min Diff Pelvis below the horizontal The y axes are in mm units Each red plus green ray is a stride The length of each red plus green ray is a measure of the amplitude of asymmetry of pelvic motion for that stride The location color and directions of the rays are representations of the timing or type of hind limb lameness exhibited Red upward rays in the right plot labeled VRH PUSHOFF indicate right hind limb push off lameness less upward thrust of the pelvis after right hind limb push off Red upward rays in the left plot labeled 4 LH PUSHOFF indicate left hind limb push off lameness less upward thrust of the pelvis after left hind limb push off Green downward rays in the right plot labeled RH IMPACT indicate right hind limb impact lameness less fall of the pelvis during right hind limb stance Green downward rays in the left plot labeled LH IMPACT indicate left hind limb impact lameness less fall of the pelvis during left hind limb stance Calculated Lameness Values Inspection of the calculated l
47. ch as cantering or bucking during lunging the user can select the Pause button until the horse resumes regular trotting activity Equinosis LLC Page 34 Lameness Locator User Manual STEP BY STEP GENERATING AN ANALYSIS REPORT Overview You can generate a Lameness Locator Analysis report immediately after collecting data or you can batch collect many trials and generate the reports later A report can be generated in less than 15 seconds The default selection is Save and Analyze Now To analyze data immediately after stopping data collection the user simply selects the Green Activation Arrow Button Display of head acceleration signal with segment selection will appear e A plot of raw vertical head acceleration green signal of the entire collected trial versus time is displayed e Blue and red asterisks on the raw head acceleration signal indicate the beginning blue asterisks and ending red asterisks time indices of the data in the trial that has been selected for analysis FIRST USER INTERACTION The user ts asked Is this selection correct e Lameness Locator uses a series of algorithms to determine when the horse is trotting Only data from strides when the horse is trotting can be depended upon to give accurate determination of lameness with Lameness Locator Remembering how the data in the trial was collected i e trotting back and forth twice in a straight line trotting off once after a flexion test
48. cking less pelvic fall on the ipsilateral hind limb i e an ipsilateral impact asymmetry They also have increased pelvic rise during push off of the ipsilateral hind limb thus mimicking less pelvic rise in the contralateral hind limb i e a contralateral push off asymmetry This complex compensatory pelvic movement rarely causes difficulty in the subjective lameness evaluation since visible pelvic asymmetry is rarely appreciated except in the more severe primary forelimb lameness cases However this small pelvic asymmetry can be measured with Lameness Locator and used as an aid in some cases for correctly identifying forelimb lameness for example in highly excitable horses with excessive head tossing unrelated to lameness when the results of the head sensor motion are too variable for unequivocal evaluation Primary Right Hind Limb Lameness with Compensatory Right Forelimb Asymmetry Front Limb Evaluation Hind Limb Evaluation 60 w r 60 r r 60 pushoft T pushoff RF End RF Beginning 40 40 20 5 20 z y HR E o 0 L k B 20 E 20 40 40 LF Beginning LF End L impact L impact 60 i 1 BU i 80 80 40 0 0 20 40 60 0 10 E 10 E DIFFMAX Number of Strides Number of Stridea AVAZ LF 0 00 AWVA2 LH 0 0191 Threshold 0 50 RF 1 0419 Threshold 0 17 RH 0 6511 Head Diff mean s d Max 10 487 5 084 Pelvis Diff mean sd Max 16 538 3 09 Threshold 6mm Min 13 162 5 304 Threshold 3mm Min 1 47 73 379
49. das Number of Stridas Page 2 Baseline straight L RH PUSHOFF Trial Information 12 13 2012 at 10 56 A LRF PUSHOFF LH LatPIt MAX CHFFPELVIS MAXOIFFPELVIS and ray MINDIFFH EAD diagrams MINDIFFPELYIS MINDIFFPELYIS LRH INPACT 39 0 U 20 40 b WW 20 o w 20 MAXDIFFHEADQD Numbar of Stridas Number of Stridas Baseline straight RH PUSHOFF 12 13 2012 at 11 00 A pp IMPACT LH lt LatPlt MINDIFFH EAD MAX CHFFPELVIS MAXOIFFPELVIS MINDIFFPELYIS MINDIFFPELYIS wLEINPACT LF PUSHOFF L LH IMPACT r RH IMPACT U 30 20 D 20 40 60 D 10 20 0 10 20 MAXDIFFHEAD Numbar of Stridas Number of Stridas Equinosis LLC Page 65 Lameness Locator User Manual DATA BACKUP With frequent and regular backup all previously collected data can be reinstalled on your LL system in the unlikely event of a hard drive crash or other system configuration malfunction Lameness Locator now employs a semi automatic back up USB drive that can remain inserted in the tablet computer at all times A scheduled back up of the Lameness Locator program will occur automatically every Monday at 1AM as long as the tablet is left plugged in and turned on Should you miss a scheduled back up you will be prompted to back up your data upon your next start up of Lameness Locator You can run a back up in the background and will not be prohibited from utilizing the program Additionally you can always run a manual
50. deal collected data set is a total of at least 25 strides from a well behaved horse trotting in a straight line Misbehaving horses especially if there is excessive head shaking rearing trying to run off bucking kicking etc will not produce reliable or repeatable results Although Lameness Locator is equipped with algorithms that will to some extent disregard bad strides excessive bad behavior will increase variability of analysis In bad behaving horses it is prudent to collect more than 25 strides Trotting the horse up and down twice in a 90 foot runway will suffice in most cases e It is best to collect at least six contiguous strides for every portion of a collected data set i e before the horse turns around and trots back Lameness Locator software may not select starting and ending points of a particular segment to analyze if less than six contiguous strides are collected in that segment e Try to minimize gradual gait transitions from walk to trot by having the handler move off with the horse briskly If the horse does not lead well gentle prodding from behind by touch or sound may help e Try to minimize head jerking by encouraging the handler to avoid tugging on the lead shank to get the horse s attention The handler should maintain control of the horse s head but avoid influencing or inhibiting the horse s head movement e Use the Pause button when needed If the horse is acting up while collecting data su
51. e LeftRight Hind Strides 712 Forelimb evaluation There is a characteristic starburst pattern in the forelimb ray diagram of a normal sound horse without an accumulation of rays in any particular direction or quadrant A1 A2 ratios are less than 0 5 for both LF and RF Max Diff Head 0 3 is below threshold of 6 mm Min Diff Head 0 8 is below threshold of 6 mm Standard deviation of Max Diff Head is 6 9 mm substantially greater than its mean 0 3 mm Standard deviation of Min Diff Head is 6 2 mm substantially greater than its mean 0 8 mm So there are O strikes for the forelimb evaluation Hind limb evaluation There are short green rays down on the left indicating slight decreased impact in the left hind limb and short red rays up on the right indicating slight decreased push off in the right hind limb In this case is would be reasonable to assign 1 weak strike to each hind limb However the LH and RH A1 A2 ratios are both less than 0 17 No strike Max Diff Pelvis 2 5 mm is below threshold of 3 mm No strike Min Diff Pelvis 0 75 mm is below threshold of 3 mm No strike This evaluation should be considered within normal limits Equinosis LLC Page 70 Lameness Locator User Manual An example of data from a horse with LF lameness on the straight and during lunging Stride Rate front hind Lari far Strides Evaluated front hind 34 34 Front Limb Evaluation Hind Limb
52. e horse 0 1 cc Dormosedan before collecting more data may be beneficial to generate more consistent results It is important to reiterate that users should not look only at the left and right A1 A2 ratios for determination of lameness A1 A2 ratios are gross measures of the entire collected trial The user should inspect both Max Diff and Min Diff mean values as part of a complete evaluation Mean Max Diff and Min Diff values are more sensitive indicators of lameness which indicate timing of peak pain within the stride and along with their respective standard deviations indicate the variability of the dataset something that A1 A2 values do not provide Equinosis LLC Page 69 Lameness Locator User Manual An example of data from a horse with symmetric movement in both front and hind limbs Front Limb Evaluation Hind Limb Evaluation 60 L pushott v pushoff RF End RF Berjinning 40 40 40 20 E 20 S 20 i S g Ie F E ira D In I I i U S J ES i Z 20 iz 20 E 20 40 40 40 LF Beginning LF End L impact impact B0 B l 59 DU 00 20 U 20 40 DU 0 10 20 D 10 20 DIFF MAA Number of Strides Number of Strides ATAA LF 0 275 AVAZ LH 0 0535 Threshold 0 50 RF 0 2603 Threshold 0 17 RH 0 1409 Head Diff mean s d Max 0 349 7 6 973 Pelvis Diff mean sd Max 2 566 1 311 Threshold 6num Min 0 667 6 235 Threshold imm Min 0 75 1 691 Lame Left Right Front Strides 17 r 20 Lam
53. e pushes off less on the outside hind limb the right hind limb While lunging to the right this horse does the same but in the opposite limbs as it comes down less on the inside hind limb the right hind limb and pushes off less on the outside hind limb the left hind limb Lunge to right Lunge toleft Hind Limb Evaluation Hind Limb Evaluation Left Hind Right Hind Left Hind Right Hind 60 60 60 pushoff Std 3 74 pushoff lt pushoff Std 4 71 4 pushoff 40 40 Meant S 20 S 20 E hi il 0 iMi UNI K 0 0 IU l 0 a S E 2 E 20 E 20 Z 20 T N Come down less S td 3 Push off less Come down less hard on left Mare DAEN ct Push off less hard on rignt hard on right positive MAXDIFFs negative MINDIFFs 50 er of Strides negative MAXDIFFs positive MINDIFFs The easiest way to remember this common expected normal pelvic motion pattern is to imagine a pivot point between the left and right hind limb plots see above When lunging to the left rays point to rotate around in a counterclockwise direction i e the same direction of movement as the live horse When lunging to the right rays point to rotate around in a clockwise direction i e the same direction of movement as the live horse In one in depth study this pattern was seen in 11 7 of normal horses while lunging Equinosis LLC Page 53 Lameness Locator User Manual Another commonly seen pattern is less upward
54. ed Data Delayed Data Analysis Reviewing Previously Generated REPOrts ccsccccecceecseeeeseesesceneneanees 15 16 19 24 30 34 35 A5 15 Equinosis LLC Page 2 Lameness Locator User Manual THE LAMENESS LOCATOR REPOR oiei aa A 7 Horse Specie Tasata ienai o a tO Ray DIET ANS issiria iradenin 7 Calculated Lameness Values A1 A2 Max and Min Values 49 Comments on Interpreting the Lameness Locator Repott 51 EO Mhe LUNE nasipi a A L Evaluating Flekion Tesis HHHH Comments on Evaluating Change Due to Blocks or Therapy 55 Comments on Compensatory Lameness Patterns sss sss see sse es see see ss DD Expert System Assessment HE c 7 Baseline Straight sss sse sse sss ses ses sees ss enesenn ee een resne 1 Compensatory Lameness Patterns sss see sse sss ses ses sse es vee v DG CLINE anataet EES HSS EES H 0 a DUAL REPORT FUNCTION 1 cssagars sagita annan nin SEE O TABULAR REPORT FUNCTION sss sss sss sss sss sese ses ses sese ree rore e senenn neee se seve 63 APPENDIX REPORT INTERPRETATION EX ANMPLES sss sss sss ses sss sss ves vese DD Equinosis LLC Page 3 Lameness Locator User Manual BACKGROUND Lameness Locator is a wireless inertial sensor based motion analysis system specifically designed to objectively detect and evaluate lameness in horses Inertial sensors are non invasively attached to the head accelerometer right distal forelimb gyro
55. ely analyzing The user makes a selection followed by selecting the green arrow button gt Save amp analyze now This is the default selection Selecting this option saves the data disconnects from the sensors and initiates data analysis of the trial just collected This is the most common selection gt Save amp collect again Saves the data disconnects and then reconnects to the sensors without launching into data analysis The user will have the option of analyzing the data just collected at a later time gt Save amp disconnect Saves the data then disconnects from the sensors The user is then free to select options from any of the three drop down menus on the main Lameness Locator window Current Sensor Group Current Horse Actions gt Discard amp collect again Does not save data then disconnects and reconnects to sensors to prepare for another data collection gt Discard amp disconnect Does not save data then disconnects from the sensors The user is then free to select options from any of the three drop down menus on the main Lameness Locator window Current Sensor Group Current Horse Actions Equinosis LLC Page 29 Lameness Locator User Manual Adding Custom Trials Surfaces and Blocks For additions to either the Trial or the Surface list e To enter a custom Trial or Surface configuration move the pen stylus over the desired heading you wish to add a custom option Trial or Surface
56. f Head is not affected and is close to zero Hind limb evaluation Short green rays pointing down and short red rays pointing up are visible on the left and right respectively In this case is would be reasonable to assign 1 weak strike to each hind limb However the LH and RH A1 A2 ratios are both less than 0 17 No strike Max Diff Pelvis and Min Diff Pelvis below threshold No strike This hind limb evaluation should be considered within normal limits Equinosis LLC Page 71 Lameness Locator User Manual Below is the lunging data for this horse with circle left on the left and circle right on the right af far RE End RF Beginning CIFFMIM B0 0 20 0 30 0 DIFFRAX Bo BU v DL Shia 40 L pushu T 40 z NL F0 4 errr t raae Ihi rnlndltt mindH 40 a impel 60 C 20 E 2c Nu 1 bar of Slides Hamber u Slrides L i uuv 50 Strides Evaluated front hind Front Limb Evaluation ATA Threshold 0 50 3 3591 LF 1 2587 0 00 RF 0 0057 Head Diff rmean sd Threshold mm 23 692 7 8 192 Max 15 09 6 875 59 66 15 079 Min 16 706 7 9 195 Lame Left Right Front Strides 37 U 36 1 Hind Limb Evaluation AVA2 Threshold 0 77 0 2065 LH 0 0519 0 2031 RH 0 2253 Pelvis Diff meanisd Threshold 3anm 9 841 3 335 Max 1 965 2 839 13 68 7 2 336 Min 9618 7 4044 Lame Left Right Hind Strides 16 5 7 18 5 a 14 57235 39
57. f Lameness Locator sensors consists of head and pelvic accelerometers and a right forelimb RF gyroscope For ease of use in the clinical arena some users may prefer to have multiple sets of sensors Each set will have color coded labels white green and or brown for identification RIGHT FRONT i PELVIS F1 1043 P1 1043 M ei The Head Sensor The sensing unit in the head sensor is a uni axis vertical accelerometer The head sensor is labeled HEAD with a serial number The drawing of the horse head on the label is oriented to facilitate proper directional placement of the sensor on the horse There is a small rectangular 3M Dual Lock tape patch attached to its non labeled side The Right Forelimb Sensor The sensing unit in the right forelimb sensor is a uni axial gyroscope The right forelimb pastern sensor is labeled RIGHT FRONT with a serial number The drawing on the label indicates that the sensor should only be applied to the right front limb oriented to facilitate proper directional placement on the horse There is a small rectangular 3M Dual Lock tape patch attached to its non labeled side The Pelvic Sensor The sensing unit in the pelvic sensor is a uni axial vertical accelerometer The pelvic sensor is labeled PELVIS with a serial number The drawing of the pelvis on the label is labeled to facilitate proper directional placement of the sensor on the horse There is a small rectangular 3M Dual Lock tape patch attached t
58. f Pelvis and Min Diff Pelvis are reported as a mean standard deviation over all analyzed strides These are specific measures of head and pelvis vertical height asymmetry between the right and left halves of the stride They are reported in units of millimeters The Max value is a measure of maximum head or pelvic height difference after the stance phase of the right compared to the left half of the stride The Min value is a measure of minimum head or pelvic height difference during the stance phase of the right compared to the left half of the stride Max Diff Head The Max Diff Head is a measure of the difference in maximum head height that occurs after right forelimb stance to that which occurs after left forelimb stance A Max Diff Head greater than 6 0 mm or less than 6 0 mm is consistent with forelimb lameness A Max Diff Head greater than 6 0 mm may indicate either a right forelimb impact lameness or a left forelimb push off lameness A Max Diff Head less more negative than 6 0 mm may indicate either a right forelimb push off lameness or a left forelimb impact lameness Side and timing of forelimb lameness is dependent on the amplitude and Min Diff Head The Min Diff Head is a measure of the difference in minimum head height that occurs during right forelimb stance to that which occurs during left forelimb stance A Min Diff Head greater than 6 0 mm or less than 6 0 mm is consistent with forelimb lameness A Min Diff Head greater than
59. formation and compares that trial to some previous straight line trial performed on the same day For best results the user should compare a blocking trial to the immediately preceding trial in order for appropriate calculation of improvement to be reported For instance if a baseline straight with no block was performed and indicated a LF lameness followed by a PDN block of the LF the user would compare these two trials If after the LF block the horse then switched to a RF lameness and the user then performed a PDN block of the RF the user should compare the RF blocking trial to the LF blocking trial rather than the original baseline straight Equinosis LLC Page 59 Lameness Locator User Manual NOTE expert system comments are only invoked if the user utilizes the default Lameness Locator presets of the straight line trial and blocks Custom input trial and block options will not invoke expert system comments Front Limb Evaluation 50 i ag RF PUBHOFF i LRF IMPACT AVA 2 Threshold 0 50 ag PF PUBHOFF i RF IMPACT 0 7945 LF 0 3356 i g 0 337 RF 06784 2 E Nr E Head Diff Mean SD E pI Z Threshold 6mm z a 12 082 5 978 Max 10 126 7 729 i L LF IMPACT LE PUSHOFF 4 329 9 738 Min 8 531 15 546 Ra L LE IMPACT LF PUSHOFF 60 40 20 Oo 2 60 60 40 20 Oo 20 80 MAXDIFFHEAD MAXDIFFHEAD 30 30 Hind Limb Evaluation 30 30 o 4 LH PUSHOFF w RH PUSHOFF o LH PUS
60. ght Hind Strides 16 5 225 Horses with asymmetric vertical tuber sacrale heights may register asymmetries in vertical pelvic movement This may be artifactual due to the physical asymmetry of the horse or it may be due to lameness Asymmetric vertical tuber sacrale height is an important physical exam finding that should be noticed and noted when instrumenting the horse It should be taken into account when evaluating the results The side with the higher tuber sacrale may register as an impact asymmetry and the side with the lower tuber sacrale may indicate push off asymmetry As an example in the case below this horse exhibits asymmetric pelvis with the left tuber sacrale higher than the right No other abnormal findings were noted when evaluating the horse in motion Equinosis LLC Page 81
61. he Manage Horses dialog box Select the correct horse from horse list After selection of the correct horse the right side of the Manage Horses dialog box is automatically filled with the information previously added To go to the trials collected from the horse to be analyzed either A double click on the horse s name in the Horse list or B select Manage Data and Reports button lower right corner of screen Manage B Or Select here Horse list Horse information A TEO nre Feepsinns H tae TEKS TT to go to Data ie Beb re RAER RRR R RRR RA lap 6 BF BAN BAR BHT R BANS BN nS ee E E S a e a a ae E Bae BTK Raf aK SP pa Man Man Man Mas Mon Man Mon Man Man Man F Le ee E E A A Pa Le x and Reports of 1 Select correct horse from hie horse Horse list Manage Data and Reports A double click to go to Data and Reports of this horse Mew Edit Delete Close e This brings the user to the Manage Trials dialog box Select the correct trial from Trial list After selection of the correct trial the right side of the Manage Trials dialog box is automatically filled with the information previously added about the trial at data collection Either double click on the selected trial or select Analyze Trial Data lower right corner of screen a Manage Trials Ie So Trial list Trial information 2008 10 05 at13 04 STRAIGHT Horse SAS P S aP Te athe LT Te T aps 2008 10 05 at 13 06 RIGH
62. he name of owner is enclosed in curly brackets following the name of horse e Actions There are five selections in the Actions drop down list 1 Manage Horses and Owners 2 Add New Horse 3 Analyze Trial Data 4 Archive Data for Export and 5 About Lameness Locator gt Manage Horses and Owners Selecting Manage Horses and Owners brings the user to the Manage Owners window This will be the most commonly selected option from the Actions drop down list The user will select this option when first adding a new owner and horse to the database gt Add New Horse Selecting Add New Horse brings the user to the Manage Horses window If another horse owned by this owner has previously been added to the database then the user can directly add another horse to the database gt Analyze Trial Data Selecting Analyze Trial Data brings the user to the Manage Trials window for the horse selected in the Current horse drop down list gt Archive Data for Export This option brings the user to an Export Data window Within the Export Data window the user can name compress and backup all sensor and report data in a folder of choice Back up should be performed regularly i e weekly and the zipped folder should be moved to an external hard drive for storage gt About Lameness Locator Selecting About Lameness Locator displays Lameness Locator software version information gt e Green GO button
63. iate display of a stride filter sliding bar tool that allows the user to delete outliers Sliding the bar to the left will remove outliers leaving them shaded gray so that you can determine what was removed Equinosis LLC Page 40 Lameness Locator User Manual gure 3 ee TSTS C O8 RF PUSHOFF RF IMPACT include fewer stride include more a 2 OK Cancel i L z LF IMPACT LF PUSHOFF 05 06 07 O08 09 1 Slide bar to the left to LRF IMPACT remove forelimb outliers 4 RF PUSHOFF 20 include fewer stride include more a 9 i Laes E pL S a z E 20 4 LF IMPACT 4 LF PUSHOFF S eee eee eee eee eee E K Plots of Pelvic and Right Forelimb Signals Hind limb Lameness Evaluation e Following the decision to remove outlier strides for the forelimb evaluation another series of Lameness Locator algorithms for evaluation of hind limb lameness are initiated e Each plot is a graphical display of right forelimb pastern angular velocity from the right forelimb sensor and the computed trajectory of vertical pelvic movement Equinosis LLC Page 41 Lameness Locator User Manual e The right forelimb pastern angular velocity signal is green The pelvic acceleration signal is red with red asterisks at maximum positions and blue asterisks at minimum positions e Each right forelimb angular velocity peak represents the approximate time of break over of
64. ing the Sensors to the Horse Instrumenting the Horse Attaching the Head Sensor Turn on all sensors prior to attaching them to the horse There are two appropriate methods of attaching the head sensor using either the custom designed Equinosis head bumper or attaching directly to the crownpiece of a halter In either case the sensor should be attached with the label side When attaching the head sensor it is important to check that the head halter fits the horse snugly If the halter is too big for the horse s head the halter may rotate on the horse s head as the horse is restrained by the handler with the lead shank while the horse is moving especially in misbehaving or excited horses or during the lunge One easy method of tightening up a halter that is too large on the horse s head is to simply bunch up the nose band and connect straps attached to the tie ring with some tape Attaching the Head Sensor to the Lameness Locator Neoprene Head Bumper Attaching the head sensor to the Lameness Locator felt head bumper is in most instances the best method The location of the sensor attachment site on the bumper is in a previously determined optimum position for measuring the head acceleration most applicable for detection of lameness in the horse trotting over ground Also attaching the head sensor to the Lameness Locator felt head bumper reduces wiggle and noise from the head sensor during data collection While a
65. ion The date that the data was collected day and time is reported Any notes made by the user before or after data collection for the specific trial are reported at the bottom of the Lameness Locator report Ray Diagrams The ray diagrams displayed in the Lameness Locator report give the user a quick qualitative scan of the lameness detected in the horse The ray diagram on the left displays the qualitative description of forelimb lameness and the ray diagram on the right displays the qualitative description of the hind limb lameness The Forelimb Ray Diagram The x axis is Max Diff Head the difference in the maximum position of the head after the stance phase of the right front limb compared to the left front limb with positive values to the right and negative values to the left of the origin in the center The y axis is Min Diff Head the difference in the minimum position of the head during the stance phase of the right forelimb compared to the left forelimb with positive values above and negative values below the origin in the center The axes are in mm units diagram indicate side and timing or type of forelimb lameness Rays in the upper half indicate right forelimb lameness Rays in the lower half indicate left forelimb lameness Rays in the upper right quadrant labeled JRF IMPACT indicate a right forelimb beginning of stance impact lameness Rays in the upper left quadrant labeled 4 RFPUSHOFF indicate a right foreli
66. is will help prevent the pastern pouch from rotating on the limb and causing the sensor to move from the dorsal aspect of the pastern If the pastern sensor moves significantly more than 30 degrees from the dorsal position lameness analysis will likely be incorrect Equinosis LLC Page 11 Lameness Locator User Manual Attaching the Pelvic Sensor The pelvic sensor is attached between the tubera sacrale on the dorsal midline of the pelvis In most horses this is the highest point of the pelvis The sensor is attached to a strip of 3M Dual Lock tape spanning the tuber sacrale Care should be taken to ensure that the sensor is on midline This is best accomplished by viewing sensor location from behind with the horse standing squarely on both hind limbs The pelvis sensor should be attached with the labeled side facing up and the LED facing to the horse s LEFT The drawing of the pelvis on the sensor label should be oriented in the same direction of the horse i e tail to tail i W Finding the Center of the Dorsal Pelvis Between the Tuber Sacrale In most horses finding the tuber sacrale is not difficult In fat horses or in horses with voluminous gluteal muscle mass it may be challenging One method that works well in any horse is to first palpate the dorsal spinous processes of the lumbar vertebra moving straight back until the most dorsal aspect of the pelvis is reached see picture below The center between the tu
67. ld Entering information into all other text boxes is optional Entering text into the Name field will activate the Apply and Revert buttons Equinosis LLC Page 20 Lameness Locator User Manual Enter horse information YOU MUST ENTER TEXT INTO THE HORSE NAME FIELD Birth date or age Weight Reven Close e Select Apply to save or select Revert to erase entered data and return to a blank Manage Horses window After saving horse information close the window by selecting Close twice to return to the Lameness Locator start screen to get ready to collect data The horse just entered will now ADDING A NEW HORSE WHEN OWNER ALREADY IN THE DATABASE e Select Add New Horse from the Actions drop down list Sensor MOE at Halter CH1 LARRY at R F Hoot CH2 Sensor CURLY at Pelvis CH3 e Select green GO button Equinosis LLC Page 21 Lameness Locator User Manual THREE STOOGES Welcome M Connect to Sensors p V To collect data plug in the rec Ors 0 ll sensors ceiver and turn on al re n click the Connect to Sensors button Disconnected Once oll sens Sensor MOE at Halter CH1 Sensor LARRY at R F Hoot CH2 Sensor CURLY at Pelvis CH3 e This opens the Manage Owners dialogue box e Browse in the Owner list for a desired owner and select to highlight Select Owner Owner list
68. luation Hind Limb Evaluation Ww oO 30 4 RH PUSHOFF 60 4 LH PUSHOFF 4 RF PUSHOFF 4 RF IMPACT 2 2 40 a 20 T 20 9 A LL C E Hind limb 20 Q 10 10 ameness Forelimb 2 lt 2 v gt ray lameness ray K ji ttt E ae a Op ae 0 diagram diagram A p 0 Z gt m i 20 a 10 a 10 LL LL at U S 2 40 S 20 S 20 LF IMPACT LF PUSHOFF pa 4 LH IMPACT 30 30 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 0 10 20 0 10 20 MAXDIFFHEAD Number of Strides Number of Strides Calculated A1 A2 LF 0 00 A1 A2 LH 0 0507 Lameness Threshold 0 50 RF 0 7203 Threshold 0 17 RH 0 1306 values Head Diff mean s d Max 0 76 4 456 Pelvis Diff mean sd May 4 26 1 789 Threshold 6mm Min 15 821 4 525 Threshold 3mm Min 1 387 2 15 Lame Left Right Front Strides 0 23 Lame Left Right Hind Strides _ 9 14 Expert p Evaluator Notes before and or after data collection System Text There is no evidence of left front lameness and There is strong evidence of right front lameness Evaluator There is no evidence of left hind lameness There is moderate evidence of right hind lameness Notes Lameness Generated with Lameness Locator 2011 by Equinosis 12 16 2011 at 7 58 AM Equinosis LLC Page 47 Lameness Locator User Manual Horse Specific Data The Lameness Locator report includes data specific to the owner horse and trial entered by the user before data collect
69. mb end of stance push off lameness Rays in the lower left quadrant labeled 4 LF IMPACT indicate a left forelimb beginning of stance impact lameness Rays in the lower right quadrant labeled LF PUSHOFF indicate a left forelimb end of stance push off lameness Rays centered on the positive and negative y axis indicates right forelimb or left forelimb mid stance lameness respectively Rays centered on the positive and negative x axis are difficult to interpret conclusively These could indicate either extreme end of stance asymmetry of one limb or early impact lameness of the other limb Impact lameness is more common in the forelimb than push off lameness Speeding the horse up may assist in analysis by adjusting the location of the rays within the forelimb ray diagram Equinosis LLC Page 48 Lameness Locator User Manual Hind Limb Ray Diagram The left plot of the hind limb evaluation depicts results for the left hind limb and the right plot depicts results for the right hind limb The x axis of both plots is the number of strides in the entire data set Each ray is astride The rays progress from left to right representing first to last stride in the collected dataset The y axis in each plot shows Max Diff Pelvis the difference in the maximum position of the pelvis after the stance phase of the right hind limb compared to the left hind limb and Min Diff Pelvis the difference in the minimum position of the pelvis during the stan
70. misbehaving Despite the presence of correction algorithms within the Lameness Locator software that help reduce the influence of head tossing it may be beneficial to utilize this option in horses that are misbehaving or tossing the head erratically In current users experiences this occurs primarily when the horse is lunging Removing outliers in these cases reduces the standard deviation of Max Diff Head and Min Diff Head in the final report This reduction of variability will improve the confidence of forelimb lameness results The presence of significant outliers can be assessed by inspection of the forelimb lameness ray plot Rays much longer than most in a group or that point in a direction away from the group are outliers Equinosis LLC Page 39 Lameness Locator User Manual Forelimb Ray Diagram Figure 3 m le N am QUADRANT 2 QUADRANT 1 JL L corrected vertical head movement right forelimb foot angular velocity Tanpo T 1 RF IMPACT ef te at Tate I I H L RF PUSHOFF ka i 2 Lameness Locator TM Analyzer I 20 i o i E W x Sus BE nnn 9 a d z 2 QUADRANT 4 LF PUSHOFF QUADRANT 3 T d LF IMPACT e lf the user is satisfied with the forelimb results select NO This will initiate continuation of data analysis by initializing hind limb lameness evaluation e Ifthe user is not satisfied with the forelimb results select YES gt Selecting Yes will init
71. mmetry and lameness but the evidence is weaker Less than 4 strikes may on one hand indicate more subtle or milder asymmetry but true lameness or on the other hand increased variability of data making the determination of lameness less reliable Inspecting the standard deviations assists the user in these situations less than 4 strikes For Equinosis LLC Page 68 Lameness Locator User Manual example one might observe rays concentrated in the LF beginning of stance quadrant an elevated LF A1 A2 ratio of 0 8 but the Max Diff Head and Min Diff Head are both below the threshold of 6 mm for example 4 0 and 5 8 mm respectively In a situation where the horse was presented for evaluation of lameness or decreased performance as opposed to for example a pre purchase evaluation this data may still be useful for deciding which limb to further investigate If the standard deviations are less than the mean values despite the mean values being below the threshold i e a three strike situation this may be indicative of a subtle yet consistent asymmetry or lameness Alternatively in the situation of a mean Max Diff Head and or mean Min Diff Head above threshold but with high standard deviations higher than the mean values the data may be too variable to make a strong case for lameness Perhaps the horse was acting up tossing its head etc Measures to decrease variability like collecting additional trials or mildly sedating th
72. ness There is strong evidence of mild moderate LH lameness Beate is no evidence of RH lameness Expert System for Potential Compensatory Lameness Patterns Depending on circumstances confidence amplitude and distribution right forelimb left forelimb right hind limb or left hind limb impact or push off type lameness of lameness in a multiple lame limb situation a multiple limb expert system may be invoked indicating which limb is most likely primary If the multiple limb expert system is not invoked i e amplitude and pattern of lameness variables equivocal a code ML1 ML18 will be reported This is an internal indication that multiple limb expert system is functioning properly Most users can disregard this code Equinosis LLC Page 58 Lameness Locator User Manual Analysis wes perfonned wilh defaw application settings Stride Rate 1457 Strides Evaluated frontfhind 29 29 Front Limb Evaluation Hind Limb Evaluation S 30 RH PUSHOFF 20 60 j 4 LH PUSHOFF 1 RE PUSHOFF 4J RF IMPACT 8 MAXDIFFPELWIS TEn MINDIFFHEAD i e S 20 MINDIFFPELVIS MAXDIFFPELVIS E S MINDIFFPELVIS LF PUSHOFF LH IMPACT RH IMPACT 30 X 30 60 40 20 K 20 40 60 0 10 20 30 D 10 20 30 MAXCIFFHEAD Number of Strides Number of Strides AVA LF 1 7293 AVAF LH 0 1017 Threshold 0 50 RF 0 00 Threshold 0 17 RH 0 2336 Head Dif Me
73. not collect data Data collection is displayed in real time from all three sensors in a strip chart like interface with sensor 1 the head sensor on top sensor 2 the right forelimb sensor in the middle and sensor 3 the pelvic sensor on the bottom of the window Sensor 1 displays raw vertical head acceleration Sensor 2 displays raw right forelimb pastern angular velocity Sensor 3 displays raw vertical pelvic acceleration When within range the display of the sensors is synchronized i e each channel tracks at the same rate When approaching the limits of transmission range the display of the three sensors may briefly lose synchronization one channel may track at a slower rate than the other two Loss of channel synchronization indicates that the horse is at the limit of the range of data collection If the channels appear to be tracking at different rates Equinosis LLC Page 27 Lameness Locator User Manual the subject should begin moving back towards the receiver Resynchronization of channels within a few seconds will occur Storage buffers on sensors will ensure channel synchronicity for correct results Continuation of data collection at further distances after loss of channel synchronicity will abort data collection No data will be saved and the trial will have to be repeated Current Sensor Group Current Horse Actions 5 Connect to Sensors All Sensors are Ready Collecting Data A g CH3 is Collecting Da
74. o its non labeled side Turning the Sensors On and Off The sensor on off switch is magnetic and embedded within the sensor casing Turning the sensors on and off is performed with a magnet which is supplied with the system The magnetic switch is located near the left charging plate on the short end of the sensor Equinosis LLC Page 5 Lameness Locator User Manual To turn the sensor on place a magnet adjacent to the end of the sensor near the left charging plate A GREEN LED will turn on visible from the side of the sensor and after about 3 4 seconds begin blinking rapidly Move the magnet away from the sensor after the sensor LED begins blinking The LED will begin to blink more slowly about two to three times per second The sensor is now turned ON Repeat with the other two sensors and they are then ready for use If the LED begins blinking but quickly turns off the sensor battery charge is low and should be re charged If the sensor will not turn on the batteries are completely discharged Recharge the sensor by inserting into the Lameness Locator charging Station Green LED will illuminate here Each Lameness Locator sensor is designed with an automatic power off feature The sensor will automatically shut off if not connected to the Lameness Locator software after 20 30 minutes depending on existing battery charge This functionality is designed to spare battery power if the user inadvertently forgets to
75. ome cases similarly to subjective evaluation the results of these tests are more beneficial than the results obtained after trotting the horse back and forth in a straight line The following suggestions are offered as an aid to practitioners using Lameness Locator to evaluate lameness during lunging and after flexion tests Equinosis LLC Page 51 Lameness Locator User Manual Evaluating the Lunge When horses are lunging especially if lunging in a tight circle their torso is tilted toward the center of the circle This creates a potential natural asymmetry in both vertical head and vertical pelvic movement This asymmetry can be quite dramatic in some horses even when lameness is not present However in the normal horse the asymmetry should be an expected pattern for that lunging direction Surface on which the horse is lunging influences the expected patterns Some normal horses display symmetric vertical movement of head when lunging while others show quite dramatic asymmetric movement On hard surface an inside forelimb impact asymmetry may be seen On soft surfaces an outside forelimb push off asymmetry may be seen see below HARD SURFACE FORELIMB EXAMPLE Default Analysis Analysis Type Default Analysis Stride Rate 91 90 Strides Evaluated front hind 88 88 60 Front Limb Evaluation 60 wl 7 RF PUSHOFF RF IMPACT A1 A2 l 7 RF PUSHOFF L RF IMPACT 1 1564 LF 0 00 5 2f 0 0146 RF 1 2422 5 a E
76. or continuously lunging will help the user determine whether the selected data is representative of the trial For example in the case below the horse started from a standstill trotted off in one direction turned around trotted back in the other direction and then stopped Equinosis LLC Page 35 Lameness Locator User Manual Ome SRA Oe UE EQUINOSIS Selection fa age ls the Selection corect x 10 Gross Data z for Hee 3 Vertical head acceleration 25 Acceleration Start points for data analysis blue stars End points for data analysis red stars 15 20 time sec 25 30 35 x Horse trotting included in analvsis mi i Wi Hn Wall luli U Acceleration Not included in analysis 15 20 time sec 25 30 35 Equinosis LLC Page 36 Lameness Locator User Manual e The default analysis will include any stride within 10 of the median stride rate Any strides not included between beginning blue and ending red asterisks will not be analyzed For example in the above case the first parts of the trot in both directions will not be analyzed The horse may not have taken off briskly enough to get into a regular trot within the first few strides Also notice in this horse the vertical acceleration of the head as it takes off on a trot is greater than during the middle and end of the trial when it is slowing down
77. ou would like to put the folder from the column on the left Scroll down to locate the USB drive D and select then SAVE e When the backup is completed an Export Succeeded message will appear in the window next to the Export Data button Select Close Equinosis LLC Page 66 Lameness Locator User Manual User Manual Appendix Examples of Report Interpretations Equinosis LLC Page 67 Lameness Locator User Manual EXAMPLES OF VARIOUS LAMENESS AND TIPS TO KEEP IN MIND WHEN INTERPRETING THE REPORT When reviewing LL Report data it is helpful to consider a four strike approach 1 Consider using a four strike rule a For the forelimb i Inspect the ray diagram Is there an accumulation of rays in any particular direction or quadrant such as LF impact or RF push off If yes that s strike one ii Check the A1 A2 ratios for the LF and the RF Is either greater than 0 5 If yes that s strike two iii Check the Max Diff Head and Min Diff Head mean values the mean value is first to the left of the slash Is the absolute value of either or both greater than 6 mm If yes that s strike three iv If either or both Max or Min mean values are elevated is the standard deviation which is the second number to the right of the slash less than the mean value The standard deviation provides a measure of data variability Standard deviations greater than their respective means indicate that
78. ould match the orientation of the horse Putting the sensor on the limb backwards with The right forelimb sensor should be placed on the dorsal aspect of the pastern with its long axis parallel to the long axis of the limb If the sensor is not parallel with the long axis of the limb due to either improper positioning or rotation greater than about 30 degrees off midline mistakes in the analysis may occur Using the Lameness Locator Pastern Wrap Pouch The pastern wrap pouch should be wrapped around the right forelimb pastern Position the first part of the wrap on the limb such that when fully encircling the limb the pastern pouch is situated on the most dorsal aspect of the pastern To achieve this position in most horses the wrap should be started on the dorsal or dorsolateral aspect of the pastern For smaller horses start more dorsally For larger horses start more laterally Wrap snugly around the pastern in a clockwise direction After completing the wrapping secure with attached hook and loop tabs Attach the pastern sensor by pressing the 3M Dual Lock Tape on the bottom of the sensor to the Velcro patch on the pastern wrap Pull the sensor pouch up around the sensor and secure with hook and loop tabs The green LED should be facing laterally If data is to be collected on excitable horses especially while lunging an additional single strip of elastic cloth tape may be used to secure the proximal edge of the pastern wrap Th
79. rmal horses An equal in amplitude but opposite in direction expected pattern for this horse while lunging to the right would be red rays up on the left hind negative mean Max Diff Pelvis and green rays down on the right hind positive mean Min Diff Pelvis However when lunging to the right both Max Diff Pelvis and Min Diff Pelvis are positive The positive Max Diff when lunging to the right is unexpected The horse is displaying RH push off lameness when lunging to the right This is consistent to that seen while the horse was trotting in a straight line Equinosis LLC Page 80 Lameness Locator User Manual An example of a horse with notable pelvic asymmetry Stride Rate frontihind 1 07 1 607 Strides Evaluated fronthind 39 39 Front Limb Evaluation Hind Limb Evaluation 60 r r T 7 r BU w BU i pushoff pushofi RF End H RF Beginning 40 l 40 40 E 20 S 20 S 20 g 2 S MMN ul N e ul vull ob Lull S Ome T r L E 0f E 20r E 20 40 40 40 LF Beginning i LF End impact impact 60 1 a 1 B x L nao H0 40 20 20 40 ao 0 20 40 20 40 DIFFMAS Number of Strides Humber of Strides AAZ LF 04257 ATAZ LH 0 1084 Threshold 0 50 RF 0 533 Threshold 0 47 RH 0 2471 Head Diff mean s d_ Max 2 181 5 825 Pelvis DIT means Max 45247 3227 Threshold 6mm Min 0 858 TOT Threshold 3mm Min 2 608 3 913 Lame Left Right Front Strides 187 22 Lame LeftiRi
80. rop down menu for instance to reduce the length of options appearing in your drop down menu you can hide presets that you do not use gt Upon opening a Manage Custom Trials Surfaces or Blocks window select the plus sign to expand the Built in trial list gt Select any trial surface block you wish to hide Equinosis LLC Page 31 Lameness Locator User Manual gt Select EDIT gt Check the box Hide this trial to prevent selection gt Select OK For the additions to the Blocks list e To enter a custom Block configuration move the pen stylus over the Blocks for limb heading When you move the stylus over the heading you will notice that the curser changes to a hand Double click on the heading to open the Manage Custom Blocks window FMB Bar Mane Manage Custom B x i IS Built in and custom blocks Built in E Custom lt Nerve and regional Distal digital Birth di IS _ Close gt Select NEW gt In the Text window enter the name of the block as you wish it to appear in the drop down menu gt Enter an abbreviation for the block not more than 5 characters in length that will be used in the reports and PDF save function gt Choose a category of the block intrasynovial nerve and regional or other gt Choose which limbs the block might apply to i e all limbs only front limbs only hind limbs or other Selecting
81. s values reflect the end of stance or push off phase of stride and the Min Diff Pelvis values reflect the beginning of stance or impact phase of the stride By convention LH lameness results in negative lt 0 Max Diff and Min Diff values and RH lameness results in positive gt O Max Diff and Min Diff values For example a RH push off type lameness would have Pelvic Max Diff values that are above threshold 3 mm and positive gt 0 The lunging data for this horse is shown below with lunging to the left on the left and lunging to the right on the right Custom Analysis 1 298 1 296 DD 50 BU RF Ered RF Eaginning 4g a0 Z E g LL 5 Ai 40 LP Beo LF End E0 1 i 1 J 60 Te 20 d 20 p GD ITER A BD BO Dh pusholl 40 0 S 20 E 20 E F al al 7 E g E 20 20 AN 2i pA iiiz E 1 pi s 0 Ca D SD Piumiber of Stricess Humber oi Sijes Analysis Type Stride Rate front hind Strides Evaluated front hind Front Limb Evaluation AVAZ Threshold 0 50 0 7521 LF 1 1454 0 2055 RF 0 3013 Threshold 6mm 4676 3 60 3 25 15 383 3 746 9 243 Min 144 10 007 34 18 38 9 ial Hind Limb Evaluation AVAZ Threshold 0 17 0 286 LH D02772 0 2559 RH O 6874 Threshold 3mm 1617 4 172 Max 13 064 7 482 11 875 4 336 Min 2 270 F 8 708 Lame LefiiRi Hind Strides 20 27 4 ay 1 338 1 338 OOF FMN 63 51 BU RF Ered LP Beginning
82. scope and pelvis accelerometer Movement data is wirelessly transmitted in real time to a tablet PC where a series of motion analysis algorithms are implemented to analyze the collected motion These positions and types of motion sensors were chosen only after completion of an in depth search for the most sensitive motion positions and parameters for determination of lameness in horses Vertical motion of the torso was found to be the parameter that most closely mimics vertical ground reaction forces on the limbs which is a direct measure of lameness in horses The motion analysis algorithms of Lameness Locator do not simply track and display trajectories of the instrumented body positions and report these to the user The algorithms developed for Lameness Locator were specifically designed to analyze motion related to lameness in the horse They are an adaptation of fault detection engineering where lameness the fault perturbs expected motion ina sound horse Lameness Locator reports which limb or limbs are involved in the lameness the intensity of lameness in each limb and the interval during the stride cycle at which lameness severity is greatest helping to differentiate impact type or beginning of stance lameness from push off type or end of stance lameness The equine veterinarian with existing knowledge of anatomy and biomechanics can use this information to help further localize the foci of lameness within the limb The sensors of
83. sho fi RF End RE Beginning 40 40 i 20 F 20 E 20 ur 1 E TH me U U k ih ll U L TmT L oll 0 O i S 20 f E 20 E f 40 40 40 LE Beginning 1 OF End impact impact C 6 4 0 0 20 40 60 0 20 0 20 DIFF NID S Number of Sindes Number of Stiides AVWA2 LF 0 0274 AVAZ LH 0 2035 Threshold 0 450 RF 0 5546 Threshold 0 17 RH 0 0055 Head Diff means d l Max 4 0457 9 04 Pelvis Diff mean sa Max 7 211 2 587 Threshold 6mm Mini a 272 0525 Threshold 3mm Min 2 509 2 51 E Notice the rays in forelimb ray diagram are shorter In addition more rays are pointing in the RF End quadrant than before block There is still lameness in the RF but of less severity The RF A1 A2 ratio has decreased from 1 2 before block to 0 55 after block a decrease or improvement of greater than 50 Mean Max Diff Head decreased from 23 3 mm before block to 5 0 mm after block a decrease or improvement of 18 mm greater than 75 Mean Min Diff Head decreased from 24 6 mm before block to 8 3 mm after block a decrease or improvement of 16 mm greater than 66 This is an indication of significant improvement after PDN block and strong evidence for the location of lameness The LH is relatively unchanged indicating that the LH lameness is a real and potential completely separate issue and not due to compensatory movement due to the primary forelimb lamene
84. shut off the sensors after use To turn the sensor off hold the magnet at the same previously described position for 3 4 seconds until the LED stops blinking Note the sensors cannot be turned off unless they are disconnected from the LL software refer to software navigation Charging the Sensor Batteries Each sensor is equipped with an on board 4 5 volt rechargeable lithium polymer battery The sensors are recharged by placing within the 3 port battery charging station supplied with the Lameness Locator system see below DO NOT TRY TO CHARGE UP THE SENSORS WITH ANY OTHER BATTERY CHARGER Your Lameness Locator sensors should be fully charged upon receipt so you should not need to charge them prior to first use Inserting the Sensors to the Battery Charger e Plug the battery charger into a standard AC 110 volt wall socket using the Equinosis 5V DC power adapter cord Equinosis LLC Page 6 Lameness Locator User Manual e Insert the sensor into the charging station bay as indicated below at an angle such that the conductive plates on the end of the sensor line up with the charging station pins CONDUCTIVE PLATES INSERT ON ANGLE CHARGING PINS e Press the end of the sensor with the lip down to snap the sensor into the bay Note attempting to force the sensors into the charging station bay otherwise may damage the charging station pins e When the sensor is correctly inserted into the charging bay
85. ss Equinosis LLC Page 76 Lameness Locator User Manual The horse was re evaluated after a RF abaxial sesamoid nerve block with the following analysis results Stride Rate front hind 1 40 7 1 30 Strides Evaluated fronthind 37 37 Front Limb Evaluation Hind Limb Evaluation sa r 60 a0 f pushoff pushofi RF End t REF Beginning 40 i AD L 40 E 20 S 20 S 20 Poliak l thie Wall H D kel lle Lyp rl A E E 20 f E 20L E f 40 l 40 L 40 L LF Beginning LF End impact impact 60 i i L i A B0 L l 6n i 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 0 20 20 DIFF ILA Number of Sirides Number of Stides AVAZ LF 0 275 ATAZ LH 0 2152 Threshold 0 50 RF 0 2803 Threshold 0 47 RH 0 0266 Head Diff mean s d_ Max 0 349 6 873 Pelvis Diff meamn sd Max 5 088 3 676 Threshold 6mm Min 0 887 5 235 Threshold 3mm Min 0 805 2 642 Lame Left Right Front Strides ir 20 Lame Left Right Hind Stides 28 9 The horse now exhibits the classic starburst pattern in the forelimb ray diagram that is common in horses that are not lame In addition the RF and LF A1 A2 ratio are both below the threshold of 0 5 and the Max Diff Head and Min Diff Head are both below the threshold of 6 mm Because the mean Max Diff Head and Min Diff Head are now small the standard deviations of Max Diff Head 7 0 and Min Diff Head 6 2 are greater than their corresponding means Low Max Diff Head and
86. ss Locator software will then query the battery status of each sensor Check battery charge of sensors Once all of the batteries on each sensor are checked the Lameness Locator software will display the charge state in volts of each sensor in a colored box above each channel Consult table below for significance of different voltage levels CHARGE LEVEL COLOR DESCRIPTION SUGGESTED ACTIONS GREEN NONE MAXIMUM CHARGE APPROXIMATELY 30 TO 60 YELLOW MID LEVEL CHARGE MINUTES OF ACTIVE CHARGE REMAINING CONTINUE COLLECTION OF CURRENT TRIAL BUT RECHARGE BEFORE NEXT DATA COLLECTION RED LOW CHARGE Equinosis LLC Page 25 Lameness Locator User Manual eckin ecking CH2 ve eckin eckin ve in Sensor cristian at Halter CH1 3 81 volts ver 4 02 Sensor is Ready colas at R F Hoof CH2 3 81 volts ver 4 02 Sensor is Ready Voltage levels of 3 sensors Sensor mariana at Pelvis CH3 3 76 volts ver 4 02 Sensor is Ready e Select the Start button Selecting the start button will open the Enter Basic Trial Information dialog box m L Ln L 161 L d Ho 0 g CH1 ve f a ate Connected Checking CH2 version information Che cin ng He banery 1 rsion information ____ Checking CH3 banery Sensor cristian at Halter CH1 3 81 volts ver 4 02 Sensor is Ready Sensor nicolas at R F Hoof CH2 3 81 volts ver 4 02 Sensor is Ready Sensor mariana at Pelvis CH3 3 76 volts ver 4
87. t blocks in a dual report ina beta test version of a report interpretation assistance feature called the expert systems Result interpretation is offered as a general guide in the notes section at the bottom of the LL report The user should take into consideration that these expert systems suggestions cannot substitute for expert veterinary evaluation They are generated based on rules developed from experimental observations Not all horses move following all the rules These algorithms used in the expert systems will likely be further refined over time to enhance sensitivity and accuracy for straight line evaluations the expert system require a minimum of 18 strides For lunging evaluation the expert system requires a minimum of 25 strides in each direction For blocking the expert system requires two straight line evaluations at least one of which is a trial containing a block Not every multiple limb lameness situation more than one limb is measured to have at least weak evidence of a mild lameness will result in the generation of the multiple limb expert system Expert System for Straight line Evaluation Although a minimum of 25 strides is advised for a good baseline straight data set a minimum of 18 strides are required to invoke a straight line expert system evaluation Based on criteria related to the A1 A2 ratios and on the means and standard deviations of the max and min diffs of bo
88. ta Connected CH2 is Collecting Data N l CH1 is Collecting Data 2 Sensor Hydra at location 1 CH1 Paused Sensor Minotaur at location 2 CH2 Paused Sensor Cyclops at location 3 CH3 turns around After collecting the desired amount of data the user can stop collection by selecting the Stop button Current Sensor Group Current Horse W Connect to Sensors CH2 is Collecting Data CHI is Collecting Data Connected All Sensors are Sas Collecting Data IANS ar dy Collecting Data Q Sensor Hydra abject volts Receiving Data i Sensor Minotaur at location 2 CH2 4 09 volts Receiving Data AAI NAMA U S Mi HAT Sensor Cyclops at location 3 CHJ 4 09 volts Receiving Data ne yl A U Lad U WAA WM NV WANN Vy WN Equinosis LLC Page 28 Lameness Locator User Manual e After selecting the stop button the Amend Trial Information Save Discard Data window is displayed Amend Trial Information Save Discard Data x Horse Da Birth date or age Weight sss sSS Trial Baseline straigt x Surface P Limb P Blocks for limb Location Notes OO L Oo Go Save amp analyze now i The user can amend information to the database for this collected trial such as changing a field or adding notes At the bottom of the window the user has 5 options from a drop down menu for saving or discarding the collected data and for immediat
89. th most clean Nylon or cloth halters the sticky side of the 3M Dual Lock tape will usually be strong enough by itself to hold the sensor for at least a few trials Alternatively the 3M Dual Lock tape strip can be taped or glued into this position on the head halter The sticky side of the 3M Dual Lock tape does not affix well to leather halters especially if they are dusty or soiled One solution that has worked well is to have on hand halters of different sizes with the 3M Dual Lock tape already glued in place One should take care to use a sufficient length of 3M Dual Lock tape since adjusting the buckle of the crown piece after attaching the sensor will likely move the sensor off of the most dorsal aspect and require repositioning Attaching the head sensor to a round or rope halter or bridle is best accomplished using the felt head bumper Attaching the Right Forelimb Sensor The right forelimb sensor should be applied to the dorsal aspect of the right forelimb pastern It can also be applied to the dorsal aspect of the right forelimb hoof wall but putting the sensor on the hoof wall should only be attempted when the horse is examined on a hard flat and smooth surface Putting the sensor on the dorsal hoof wall and trotting the horse in dirt or sand may damage the sensor Equinosis LLC Page 10 Lameness Locator User Manual not against the limb and the green LED facing LATERALLY The drawing of the distal limb on the sensor label sh
90. th the head and pelvis the expert system for straight evaluation will report measures of CONFIDENCE and SEVERITY of lameness for each limb Measures of confidence indicate how strongly the data indicate lameness in a particular limb with confidence levels increasing from no evidence to weak moderate and strong Measures of severity indicate amplitude of lameness with levels increasing yy lt from mild to mild moderate moderate and moderate severe Note there is no severe level Equinosis LLC Page 57 Lameness Locator User Manual of lameness severity Each limb is evaluated for confidence and severity of lameness The expert system for straight line evaluation is presented at the bottom of the LL report i x A oO sg S x 10 Gi gt T lac a aana D 9 8 bai Pars d a w a w S gt gt ond F E 10 EL EL a u 40 20 LF PUSHOFF H RH IMPACT 60 30 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 0 20 0 20 MAX DIFFHEAD Number of Strides Number of Strides ATA LF 0 7945 ATVA LH 0 4051 Threshold 0 50 RF 0 337 Threshold 0 17 RH 0 0281 Head Diff Mean SD Max 12 082 5 978 Pelvis Diff Mean SD Max 5 418 3 288 Threshold 4 329 9736 Threshold 3mm 1 796 3 55 Evaluator Notes before and or after data collection There is strong evidence of mild moderate LF lameness There is no evidence of RF lame
91. the data is not very consistent If the standard deviation is less than the respective mean this indicates that the data is consistent and reliable If the standard deviation is less than the respective mean that s strike four b For the hind limb i Inspect the ray diagram Is there an accumulation of rays green down or red up in any particular direction or quadrant If yes that s strike one 1 Left hind push off asymmetry lameness red rays up on left 2 Left hind impact asymmetry lameness green rays down on left 3 Right hind push off asymmetry lameness red rays up on right 4 Right hind impact asymmetry lameness green rays down on right ii Check the A1 A2 ratios for the LH and the RH Is either greater than 0 17 If yes that s strike two iii Check the Max Diff Pelvis and Min Diff Pelvis mean values Is the absolute value of either or both greater than 3 mm If yes that s strike three iv If either or both Max or Min mean values are elevated is the standard deviation less than its respective mean value If the standard deviation is less than the respective mean this indicates that the data is consistent and reliable If the standard deviation is less than the respective mean that s strike four Four strikes is a strong indicator of consistent asymmetry for a particular limb which in turn is consistent with either primary or compensatory lameness for that limb Two to three strikes may still be evidence of asy
92. the physical area that the block would apply will allow it to show up only in the list of forelimb blocks only in the list of hind limb blocks or both etc gt Select OK Equinosis LLC Page 32 Lameness Locator User Manual TE x Text Tarsocrural Abbreviation TO o OS Category Intrasynovia o Physical area fni hind limbs E Hide this block to prevent selection Bevon C o a o Custom blocks will appear within the category of your choosing intrasynovial nerve and regional etc at the bottom of the respective list Horse c Birth date or age Weight on Trial Baseline straigt gt Surface FS Limbtoblock leftthind gt C Tarsal sheath Medial femorotibial joint Lateral femorotibial joint Femoropatellar joint Stifle 3 compartments Coxofemoral joint Blocks for limb Sacroiliac joint C Tarsocrural Location Notes S Mote that you may in the future go into the Manage Custom Trial Surface and or Block windows and edit your custom additions by selecting the desired trial surface or block single click to highlight in blue and select EDIT You may alter the information for that block or check the box Hide this trial surface block to prevent selection so that it no longer appears in your drop down list Equinosis LLC Page 33 Lameness Locator User Manual Rules of Thumb For Collecting Good Data e An i
93. the right forelimb foot e Below is an example tracing from just one stride Maximum pelvic positions p gt Right forelimb angular velocity 1 stride j P f red asterisks Minimum pelvic positions l blue asterisks Vertical pelvic movement red wave THIRD USER INTERACTION Displaying the Report The remaining data analysis will then proceed to completion The user is not asked to remove outliers in pelvic movement because pelvic vertical movement is will not be erratic there is little need to remove outliers After completion of data analysis the user is asked to save the results Selecting YES will save the results and display the report Selecting NO will discard the results raw trial data however are retained Confirm 22 Analysis Complete Do you want to save the results FOURTH USER INTERACTION Saving Report as PDF File After viewing the report and closing the report window the Save Report to File window will open The user can save the report as a PDF in the Documents Library of the tablet PC This will allow the user quick access to reports of a particular horse when needed later or for easy printing or copying of reports to another location such as is needed with medical records in practice management software The report file will be generated and named The name of the file will include the owner last name horse name type of report single dual or tabular
94. the trial block limb and date and time of collection Each report will be saved within a unique and auto generated owner and horse subfolder in the Documents library Simply select OK to save the PDF file of this report to the Documents Library To exit without saving in this separate location select Cancel Note that even if Cancel is selected the report is still Equinosis LLC Page 42 Lameness Locator User Manual viewable within the Lameness Locator program For easy access a shortcut of this folder titled LL lnixi Base path C Users Public Documents Equinosis Lameness Locator kal Ic Use subfolders Owner subfolder Horse subfolder Full path C Users Public Documents Equinosis Lameness Locator A C Filename A_C_Single_Baselinestraight_ NoBlock _2012 08 01at1507 pdf Revert F Replace existing file oie Cancel Report Generation of Archived Data Delayed Data Analysis Data analysis can be delayed following data collection or the user can regenerate analyses on previous collected data for instance the user may want to re run the analysis and change the stride selection or remove outliers e Select Manage Horses and Owners from the Actions drop down list You cannot make selections from the Actions drop down list until the sensors are disconnected Current sensor group Current horse THREE STOOGES ficka LAMENESS CLASS X Connect to Sensors Welcome To collect data
95. ttached to the head bumper the sensor will move more reliably in better synchrony with the entire head The head sensor is simply snapped onto the Equinosis LLC Page 9 Lameness Locator User Manual head bumper by pressing the sensor into the 3M Dual Lock tape pad on the head bumper immediately in front of the halter strap loop For best results after attachment of the head sensor the user should check that the head sensor is situated as close to the midline of the poll as possible before collecting data This is best evaluated while viewing from the front of the horse Attaching the Head Sensor Directly to the Head Halter In horses that are too head shy to tolerate placement of the felt head bumper over the ears or that will not wear the bumper without excessive head shaking the sensor can be attached to the most dorsal aspect of the crownpiece of a halter or bridle see picture above When the sensor is attached in this position the vertical movement of the head measured by the sensor is attenuated slightly especially if the horse carries its head high during the examination However since the lameness analysis algorithms rely on the shape of the vertical head movement signal and not on the absolute amplitude of the signal this is in most horses of only minor importance To attach the sensor to the halter a strip of 3M Dual Lock tape can first be attached to the most dorsal position on the crown piece of the halter Wi
96. ug in the receiver and turn on all sensors Disconnected Once all sensors are on click the Connect to Sensors button Pause i Start S S ae Sera S sensor HEAD at Halter CH1 Disconnected sensor RF at R F Pastern CH2 Disconnected sensor PEL IS at Pelvis CH3 Disconnected There are three drop down menus along the top of the screen 1 Current sensor group 2 Current horse and 3 Actions There is 4 one green GO button lise 5 one toggle button to Connect to and Disconnect from the sensors __ Sannectto Sensors 71 6 a text screen for messages 7 three video player like buttons for starting pausing and stopping data collection and 8 a large area for live display of data collection from all three sensors e Current sensor group Selects the unique three sensor set to be used to collect data The user must select the correct set of sensors from the drop down menu sets are named via their color coded labels before collecting data e Current horse After connecting to the sensors any data collected will be placed Equinosis LLC Page 16 Lameness Locator User Manual horse drop down text box To be included in the Current horse drop down list the owner and horse must have been previously entered by the user into the database See Manage Horses and Owners This is important You must ensure box before collecting data The list is arranged in alphabetical order by horse T
97. vic clip attachment accessory This new attachment accessory was devised to provide secure and firm pelvic sensor attachment without additional taping which will be most advantageous in horses with long hair slick coats from grooming sprays and in horses that will sweat However this plate may be used in any horse and users may find that setup time will be further reduced by using this plate e Two types of plates are included with the system One has dual lock tape on both sides of the plate and one has dual lock tape on only the top portion of the plate The conformation of the pelvis will dictate which plate will work best for the individual horse e For horses with well defined gluteal musculature and a marked depression between the tuber sacrale such as well fed Quarter Horses you may elect the plate with dual lock tape on both sides of the plate which elevates the plate slightly This allows some tension to be put on the plate by the clips e ln horses with prominent tuber sacrale and or decreased gluteal musculature use the plate with dual lock tape on only one side otherwise too much tension will be on the plate and it may not properly grab the hair Note In some horses with extremely prominent sacral tuberosities the pelvic sensor plate may not be the best alternative for attachment and taping may still be necessary Attach the sensor to the plate with the sensor LEDs facing one of the clips Place the plate over the sacral
98. y show compensatory contralateral hind limb asymmetry This Law of Sides has been tested and reported in many peer reviewed studies The first part of this law primary hind limb lameness with compensatory false forelimb asymmetry is in many cases true The second part of this law primary forelimb lameness with compensatory false hind limb asymmetry is only half correct The first part of the Law of Sides can be problematic for subjective evaluation of lameness because mild barely perceptible or even imperceptible primary hind limb lameness in some horses will induce a false compensatory ipsilateral forelimb asymmetry that is more apparent than the primary hind limb lameness In such a case attempting to localize a primary forelimb lameness by blocking will be unrewarding However because the Lameness Locator sensors are more sensitive than the naked eye by virtue of their higher sampling rate this mistake will occur less often The second part of the Law of Sides stating that an apparent forelimb and contralateral hind limb lameness is most likely a true primary forelimb lameness with a false compensatory hind limb asymmetry is only half true Horses with primary forelimb lameness may have compensatory pelvic movement asymmetries in either or both ipsilateral and contralateral hind limbs Horses with primary forelimb lameness have increased pelvic fall during impact on the contralateral hind limb thus mimi

Lameness Locator™ TRAINING MANUAL

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Lameness Locator&trade; TRAINING MANUAL

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Lameness Locator™ TRAINING MANUAL