A-141
Contents
1. Light OFF ON delay Light OFF OFF delay Light OFF one shot T timer Available timer types depend on the switch model Some switch models have complex timer function combining ON delay and one shot Light ON An operating mode in which the switch turns ON when the light intensity entering the receiver increases to a specified level Light Detection status Dark ON Output OFF Thru scan retroreflective switch Emitter Receiver ON when target object is absent Diffuse scan switch Emitter receiver ON when a target object is present Dark ON An operating mode in which the switch turns ON when the light intensity entering the receiver decreases to a specified level Light Detection status Dark ooi i ON Output OFF Thru scan retroreflective switch Emitter Receiver ON when a target object present Diffuse scan switch Emitter receiver ON when target object is absent Relationship of lens diameter and sensitivity to the smallest permissible target size With a thru scan switch the lens diameter determines the smallest permissible target size A small object can be more easily detected midway between the emitter and the receiver that it can be off center between the emitter and receiver An object smaller than the lens diameter can be detected by varying the sensitivity level Check the specifications of the switch for details XO A ree i2. Element type Distance change ratio for each element length 21 Heatproof 1m 2m 5m 10m 15m 20m 25m 30m 6 Characteristics of Scanning Distance by Combination with Fiber Extender typical values Thru scan Type Model No Scanning distance and cable length when combined with fiber extender HPX AG HP mode 5 ms in response time No extender HPF EU05 5 m HPF EU10 10 m Standard fiber 1200 mm 580 mm 440 mm HPF T003 Cable length 2 m Cable length 7 m Cable length 12 m Related pages Heatproof 100 615 mm 49 37 250 mm 195 mm HPF T018 Cable length 1 m Cable length 6 m Cable length 11 m Related pages 100 42 32 3600 mm 1510 mm 1150 mm HPF T021T Cable length 2 m Cable length 7 m Cable length 12 m Related pages Unbreakable fiber 100 42 32 140 mm 37mm 28 mm HPF T024 Cable length 2 m Cable length 7 m Cable length 12 m Related pages Pipe mounted liquid level HPF T032 T032E HPF T034 TO34E Available 100 27 20 Available Unavailable A Related pages Diffuse scan Cable length 5 m Cable length 10 m Cable length 15 m Model N Scanning distance and cable length when combined with fiber extender HPX AG HP mode 5 ms in response time odel No No extender HPF EU05 5 m HPF EU10 10 m Standard fiber 400 mm 170 mm 125 mm HPF D002 Zo Cable length 2 m
3. wide beam limited scan and background suppression types The maximum distance at which operation is reliable with a standard target object For diffuse scan switches since the reflected light level differs depending on the color material and size of the target object a white non lustrous paper of suitable size for the model is generally used as a standard target object Emitter receiver Standard target object Scanning range Operating angle area This term is used for thru scan and retroreflective switches Itis the angle within which the switch will operate If this angle is too small optical axis adjustment is difficult When it is too large the switch is vulnerable to interference from nearby photoelectric switches Receiver Emitter Differential travel This is the ratio of reset distance actuation distance to scanning range under standard operating conditions with a standard target object Differential travel Emitter receiver Target object Reset distance Operating ambient light This is the maximum ambient light level at which the photoelectric switch can operate normally Incandescent eo Gy lamp F yey White paper U 7 r 7 7 i a 7 7 A Emitter amp Ay Receiver llluminometer Optical axis Optical axis The axis from the center of the lens to the center of the beam for the emitter and the axis from the center of the lens to the center of the d
4. Use an end plate HPX PAO3 sold separately to hold the expansion units in place When dismounting slide each expansion unit off one by one Inserting optical fibers into the amplifier Open the cover Move the fiber clamp lever forwards to the release position Firmly insert the tip of each fiber into the holes in the amplifier For the insertion depth of the fiber refer to the reference mark on the side of the unit Return the lever to the clamp position Close the cover Fiber insertion depth reference mark Handling Precautions e f the fiber is thin first insert it into the thin fiber adapter so that the fiber projects approximately 0 5to 1 mm from the top ofthe adapter After that insert the adapter into the hole in the amplifier until it is in contact with the end and then fix it firmly e Do not bend the cable within 40 mm in case of thin fiber 10 mm of its junction with the amplifier unit or the sensing head Bending beyond the allowable bend radius might cause shortening the scanning range or fiber break 40 mm min lt ae R l gt ja a a Amplifier Bm 40 mm min e When connecting a coaxial reflection type fiber unit to the amplifier insert the single core fiber into the port for light emission and the multi core fiber into the receiver port Single core Emitter port Multi core Receiver port e The scanning range and indication value might vary depending on ind
5. Spring lock washer M5 nut Fiber unit for vacuum 6 Wet switch cautions Fiber unit structure transmit only light beam Since optical energy does not act as an ignition source the fiber unit normally can be installed in the hazardous area and the amplifier unit can be installed in a non hazardous area Before use check the explosion proof requirements for facilities or equipment Mounting HPF T032 T032E T034 T034E pipe mounted fiber units As shown below mount the fiber unit using the included cable ties and anti slip tubes Firmly tighten the two upper and lower cable ties and then cut off any extra length If an additional cable tie is required use one no more than 2 5 mm wide Mounting HPQ T pipe mounted liquid level switches The HPQ T is pipe mounted using either an M3 screw or cable tie When mounting the switch with a cable tie be sure to secure the switch by passing the cable tie through silicone tube to prevent the switch from slipping PFA pipe Silicone tube e Do not deform the pipe in mounting the HPQ T with cable tie e Detection stability depends on the transmissivity and refractive index of the pipe and liquid Check the operation before use e Water drops bubble or fogging may cause faulty detection In case dripping causes output chattering use a timer in connected device to cancel it Delay timer is available for amplifiers of fiber optic switches e The HPQ T does not hav
6. detection High accuracy e A wide range of applications Retroreflective Polarized retroreflective Emitter re eiver Reflector Target object P i Diffuse scan Emitter receiver Target Ta tt Limited diffuse scan Emitter receiver Target object Background suppression Emitter receiver F Target object Operation is the same as for a thru scan switch but emitter and receiver are housed in the same unit Light from the emitter is reflected by the target object itself When the reflected light is detected the switch operates Emitter and receiver operate only at a certain angle Detection occurs only where the emitter and receiver axes meet A beam of light strikes the target object which is detected by the difference in the angle of the reflected light e The optical axis can be set easily e Wiring and installation work are easy and wiring is necessary for only one device e Requires areflection e Wiring and installation work are needed only for switch itself and installation requires little space e Light axis alignment is not required e Models capable of color discrimination are available e Influence of background can be reduced e Operation differential is small e No interference from high reflectance backgrounds e Even if reflectance differs by color or material target object can be detected reliably e Small target objects can be detected with high accur
7. ignition source the fiber unit normally can be installed in the hazardous area and the amplifier unit can be installed in a non hazardous area Before use check the explosion proof requirements for facilities or equipment Hazardous area a m Fiber unit Non hazardous area aooo b SA Amplifier 13 3 Sticking aperture mask Peel the back paper to stick the aperture mask sold separately or included Fit the aperture mask outline to the sensing face The aperture mask might be peeled off if oil or dust is on the sensing face Be sure to wipe it before sticking 4 Precautions for handling fiber optic switches Mounting the amplifier Mount the amplifier on the dedicated bracket HPX PA04 optional part or DIN rail Insert one rail of the bracket or DIN rail into the slot at point A Push the unit downwards until the second rail clicks into place at point B When mounting the amplifier on the DIN rail always secure it with the HPF PAO3 end plate optional part Dismounting the amplifier If the amplifier is pushed forward firmly the front lock will release The amplifier can then be pulled out anddetached asshowninthe figure Expansion unit attachment to the main unit for reduced wiring models HPX AG EG series Peel the seal off the connector of the units to be attached Mount side by side on a DIN rail Slide the expansion units over to so that the connectors connect
8. mounting of switches is possible by alternating the emitters with the receivers in a zigzag fashion up to two units However if the target object is close to the photoelectric switches light from the adjacent emitter may be received and cause the switch to change to the incident light state Emitter Target object gt lt Receiver SPS If there is a possibility that light from another switch may enter the receiver change the position of the emitter and receiver place a light barrier between the switches or take other measures to prevent the light from entering the receiver Light may enter even if the switches are separated by more than the scanning range Lowering the sensitivity will generally help 2 2 Reflection from surrounding objects Offset the optical axes If switches are mounted in opposite each other slant the switches as shown in the following diagram This is because the switches may affect each other and cause output chattering even if separated by more than the switch scanning range Switch Switch Adjust the sensitivity A flat surface especially asmooth surface may compromise performance Reflected light may cause unreliable operation as illustrated below Raise or lower the switch or use a light shielding plate to ensure reliable operation Emitter Receiver 2 3 Interference from the mounting surface Irregularities in a rough surface may be detected as targe
9. reflections and the reflected light ultimately moves straight back toward the emitted light This is referred to as retroreflection Most reflectors are comprised of corner cubes that measure several square millimeters and are arranged in a precise configuration Matte surfaces such as white paper reflect light in all directions This scattering of light is called diffuse reflection This principle is the detection method used by diffuse scan switches Light Light U Light Regular Reflection Retroreflection Diffuse Reflection Mirror Corner cube Paper Polarization of Light Light can be represented as a wave that oscillates horizontally and vertically Photoelectric switches almost always use LEDs as the light source The light emitted from LEDs oscillates in the vertical and horizontal directions and is referred to as non polarized light There are optical filters that constrain the oscillations of non polarized light to just one direction These are known as polarizing filters Light from an LED that passes through a polarizing filter oscillates in only one direction and is referred to as linear polarized light Polarized light oscillating in the vertical direction cannot pass through a polarizing filter that constrains oscillations to a perpendicular direction e g the horizontal direction The polarized retroreflective switches and the anti mutual interference filter accessory for thru scan switches operate on this principle L
10. the cable nearest to the amplifier beyond the bend radius of 30 mm Avoid continuous bending stresss Switch cable Switch cable High voltage cable or power cable High voltage cable or power cable Earth ground Earth ground Do not use the same conduit 10 Noise Countermeasures for noise depend on the path of noise entry frequency components and wave heights Typical measures are as given in the following table Type of noise Noise intrusion path and countermeasures Before countermeasures Noise enters from the noise source through the frame metal Equipment frame metal Inerter motor Common mode noise Inverter noise Common noise applied between the equipment frame and the V and 0 V lines respectively After countermeasures Ground the inverter motor to 100Q or less Ground the noise source and the power supply 0 V side through a capacitor nsert an insulator plastic rubber etc between the switch and the equipment frame metal Insert an insulator Ac Equipment frame metal O xv Inerter motor Noise Before countermeasures Noise propagates through the air from the noise source and directly enters the switch source After countermeasures Insert a shield copper plate between the switch and the noise source e g a switching power supply Separate the noise source and the switch to a distance where noise does not affect operation QO xV R
11. 0 mm Bend tolerant bundle characteristics Repeated bending 1 000 000 times min typical example e Allowable bending radius 4 separate cores en Hi GLOSSARY Thru scan switch A beam light receiver and emitter face each other An object that passes between them is detected when the light intensity transmitted drops because of the object Emitter Receiver Retroreflective switch An integrated beam light emitter receiver and a reflector face each other An object that passes between them is detected when the light intensity drops because of the object Emitter receiver Reflector Polarized retroreflective switch This relatively new type of switch solves a problem of conventional retroreflective switches Conventional models cannot reliably detect highly reflective target objects because the beam reflected by the reflector cannot be distinguished from light reflected by the target object However the use of polarized light allows reliable detection of highly reflective objects andis nearly as reliable as thru scan sensing e Bending does not almost e Efficient light transmission at relatively long scanning e Excellent bending resistance Thru scan HPF T025 Diffuse scan HPF D030 Compared to conventional regular fibers e As easy to install as soft electrical wiring e Never have to worry about the bending radius e Touching fibers does not affect light intensity Thru scan H
12. Cable length 7 m Cable length 12 m Related pages EJE 170 mm 100 43 32 47 mm 35 mm HPF D023 Cable length 1 m Cable length 6 m Cable length 11 m Related pages PIYA Heatproof A Unbreakable fiber 25 mm 100 28 21 8 mm 6 mm HPF D029 i Cable length 2 m Cable length 7 m Cable length 12 m Related pages FEJE Liquid leakage HPF D040 Available 100 33 25 Available Unavailable Related pages PAEA HPF D027 Cable length 5 m Available Cable length 10 m Cable length 15 m Available Unavailable Contact liquid level p Related pages PIEK 1 For combinations other than with HPX AG please contact us Cable length 5 m Cable length 10 m Cable length 15 m 2 Even where availability is indicated detection may not be possible depending on the liquid Please check operation before use 7 Tuning of HPX MA analog output fiber optic switch The HPX MA has 1 5 V delight level analog output Its tuning potentiometer and offset adjustor have the following functions Tuning potentiometer 3 turns Offset adjustor Offset tuning The solid line in the chart is the original output voltage Offset tuning is to shift this voltage V or V Offset tuning range means possible shift voltage range Offset tuning range 0 75 to 1 5 V Light intensity Sensitivity tuning range Sensitivity tuning ad
13. ED Non polarized Polarizing Polarized light filter light Cannot pass light Vertically Horizontally polarized light polarizing filter Passes light Vertically polarized light Vertically polarizing filter Light sources emission methods lt Pulse Modulated light gt Light is emitted repeatedly at fixed intervals The effects of ambient light interference are easily removed with this system enabling long distance detection In models equipped with anti mutual interference function the emission cycle is varied within a specified range to handle coherent light and ambient light interference The majority of photoelectric switches use pulse modulated light Cycle Light intensity oO Time lt Non modulated Light gt Non modulated light refers to an uninterrupted beam of light ata specific intensity Although these switches have fast response times their drawbacks include short sensing distances and susceptibility to ambient light interference Light intensity os Time Light Source Color and Type Red laser Infrared LED 2 Red LED oO Blue LED Green LED 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000 1 100 Wavelength nm Looe voe ma X rays Microwaves Mi SCANNING TYPE Principle Major features Thru scan Emitter Receiver Target object ee Switch operates when the light between emitter and receiver is blocked by a target object e Long distance
14. PF T003 Diffuse scan HPF D002 General use low cost Thru scan HPF T008 Diffuse scan HPF D037 Resists damage when mounted to moving parts Principles This function and structure uses the characteristics of the reflector and the polarizing filters built into the polarized retroreflective switches to receive only the light reflected from the reflector e The waveform of the light transmitted through a polarizing filter in the emitter changes to polarization in a horizontal orientation e The orientation of the light reflected from the triangular pyramids of the reflector changes from horizontal to vertical e This reflected light passes through a polarizing filter in the receiver to arrive at the receiver Longitudinal wave Vertically polarizing filter Reflector Transvers Corner cube wave Horizontally polarizing Purpose filter This method enables stable detection of targets with a mirrorlike surface Light reflected from these types of objects cannot pass through the polarizing filter on the receiver because the orientation of polarization is kept horizontal Beam strikes polarizing reflector The beam is polarized in the horizontal plane by the emitter When the light strikes the reflector its plane of polarization is rotated 90 fa Reflector Reflected beam Beam strikes a normal reflective surface The target object reflects light waves without changing their plane of
15. TECHNICAL GUIDE FOR PHOTOELECTRIC SWITCHES Mi DEFINITIONS Photoelectric switches operate by an emitter unit producing a beam of modulated light that is detected by a receiver either free standing or in the same housing and sensing action occurs when the beam is broken by an object These switches like proximity switches operate without touching the detected object A wide range of photoelectric switches is available to meet virtually any application need Operating principles Properties of light Rectilinear propagation When light travels through air or water it always travels in a straight line The aperture mask on the outside of a thru scan switch that is used to detect small objects is an example of how this principle is applied to practical use gt Light 5 Refraction Refraction is the phenomenon of light being deflected as it passes obliquely through the boundary between two media with different refractive indices Light Air Refractive index 1 Glass Refractive index 1 5 Air Refractive index 1 Reflection regular reflection retroreflection diffuse reflection A flat surface such as glass or a mirror reflects light at an angle equal to the incident angle of the light This kind of reflection is called regular reflection A corner cube takes advantage of this principle by arranging three flat surfaces perpendicular to each other Light emitted toward a corner cube repeatedly propagates regular
16. acy Fiber optic switches A 5 q Fiber unit Amplifier Fiber optic cable is comprised of a central core with a high refractive index surrounded by cladding with a low refractive index Repetitive total internal reflection at the boundary of the less refractive cladding guides the light down the fiber optic cable The angle of the light traveling through the fiber optic cable increases to about 60 by the time the light exits the fiber Refractive index sheath anal Core Fiber optic cable Cladding Fiber optic cable mitter Light lt Light Target object 3 Receiver e Highly resistant to noise and other environmental influences with no electrical components in the fiber optic cable e Flexible to various applications with variety of fiber unit line up Stability indicator green Typical consoles of fiber optic switches HPX series potentiometer tuning fiber optic switches Sensitivity adjustor 3 turns Light indicator red L ON D ON selector AUTO OK Auto tuning button HPX AG EG digital fiber optic switches SP green PV red FUNC CANCEL Function selector OFF Delay switch Indicator Output indicator orange button button Fiber optic cable types and characteristics Unbreakable Multi core affect light intensity e Allowable bend radius 1 mm or2 mm Regular single core ranges Allowable bend radius 10 or 2
17. adiant noise O ov Ingress of high frequency electromagnetic waves directly into switch from power line etc Shield plate copper Oxv x source O ov Before countermeasures Noise enters from the power line Normal mode noise Power line noise Switch Ingress of electromagnetic induction from high voltage wires and switching noise from the switching power supply After countermeasures Insert a capacitor e g a film capacitor noise filter e g ferrite core or insulated transformer or varistor in the power line Work required for unconnected leads Unused leads for self diagnosis outputs or other special functions should be cut and wrapped with insulating tape to prevent contact with other terminals Repeated bending Normally the switch cable should not be bent repeatedly Insert a capacitor etc xv 11 5 Scanning range in fiber unit extension Note that extending fiber length reduces scanning distance Standard fiber element Element type Distance change ratio for each element length Bend radius 10m 15m 20 m Unavail able 25m Unavail able Core dia 2m 5m 12 30 m Unavail able Unavail able Unavail 17 able Unavail able 49 37 28 21 49 37 28 21 30 19 12 Unavail able Unavail able Unavail able Unavail able Unavail able 49 37 28 Heatproof fiber element
18. ameter a Same as the lens diameter Target object I Standard target object To determine the scanning range of the diffuse scan switch uniform target object Kodak 90 white paper is used The target size which is larger than the emission beam diameter depends on the switch models Examples HP100 series 30 cm x 30 cm HPX AG series with diffuse scan fiber unit 50 cm x 50 cm HPJ series 10 cm x 10 cm HP7 series 20 cm x 20 cm Aperture mask Aperture masks reduce the effective optical area of the emitter and receiver Round or rectangular masks are most often used Aperture mask c Target object E GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOTOELECTRIC SWITCHES Terms used in photoelectric switch characteristics diagrams are explained below Characteristics diagram Explanation or application Parallel displacement Detection area Target object size vs distance This is an indication of the output level of the photoelectric element as determined by the light intensity striking the receiver Generally it is expressed as a relative amount with the required light level set at 1 This characteristic applies to thru scan retroreflective and diffuse scan switches This characteristic applies to thru scan and retroreflective switches The receiver for thru scan switches or reflector is moved perpendicularly to the optical axis and the points at which the switch is actuated are noted This
19. characteristic applies to diffuse scan switches A standard target object is moved perpendicularly to the optical axis and the points at which the switch is actuated are noted This characteristic applies to diffuse scan switches The detection range is noted for different sizes of target object with the switch set to its maximum sensitivity Excess gain factor times 10 15 Distance Receiver Emitter Distance moved a Setting distance Standard targ t object Scanning range us Sensing distance Sensing distance Target object size Indicates whether enough light is emitted at the setting and scanning ranges Indicates how diffusely the emitter beam is spread Provides information about mutual interference when a number of photoelectric switches are parallel to each other Indicates how diffusely the emitter beam is spread Provides information about mutual interference when a number of photoelectric switches are parallel to each other Provides information required to detect objects that are smaller than the standard target object E TIPS AND PRECAUTIONS Pho
20. e receiver s optical axis Change the location or angle of the switch to prevent strong rays from directly striking the receiver lens Ambient light can be prevented from affecting the light receiver by using a hood or light shielding plate as shown below ae N Sun or other p S light source Light shielding plate Receiver Hood Protection from ambient light 4 Wiring 4 1 Power Malfunction may occur as a result of high frequency noise from a switching regulator If a switching regulator must be used ground its frame Connections Be sure to correctly connect the switch to the power and to the load If there are high voltage or power lines near a photoelectric switch cable isolate the switch cable to prevent surge or noise influence Connect leads securely using crimp terminals or the like If extending the cable use wire of at least 0 3 mm in cross sectional area for switches with built in amplifiers The cable length should not exceed 100 m Consider the effects of increased noise due to cable extension Tightening the cord with excessive tension might cause line break Do not apply a force of more than 50 N When using a load which generates an inrush current above the switching capacity such as a capacitive load or incandescent lamp connect a current limiting resistor between the load and the output terminals Otherwise the output short circuit protection function will be activated Do not bend the part of
21. e ingress protection structure Be careful for use in liquid splashing environment 14 Mounting HPQ D liquid leak detectors Mount the switch horizontally After locking the mounting base in position insert the switch body onto the mounting base and fix it in place by tilting down the locking clasp of the switch Fastening with screws Remove the knock out holes of the mounting base and place the switch on two stainless steel etc M4 stud bolts welded on the metal pan Secure with two M4 nuts For the PFA type mount similarly with one M3 stud bolt Mounting with adhesives The PVC bracket type can be mounted with adhesive If the mounting surface is PVC vinyl chloride the same material as the bracket the use of monomeric adhesives for vinyl choride is recommended However be sure to check the specifications of the adhesive to be used taking into consideration the material of the other mounting surfaces For use in explosive atmosphere Since this product is not an explosion proof type it cannot be used in an explosive atmosphere HPQ D1L 13 max HPQ D2L1 11 max Unit mm Mounting HPF D040 liquid leak fiber optic detectors When using an SUS mounting base insert the welded M3 stud bolt into the hole of the mounting base and then fasten with an M3 nut not supplied Then put the ridges of the dedicated mounting base into the grooves of the fiber optic switch and then slide the base for
22. etection area for the receiver Mechanical axis The axis perpendicular to the center of the lens Emitter Optical axis Optical axis Receiver Emission beam Mechanical axis Detection area Dead zone The dead zone outside of the emission and detection areas near the lens surface in background suppression switches limited diffuse scan switches diffuse scan switches and polarized retroreflective switches Detection is not possible in this area Example of diffuse scan switch Yl Emission area WS Detection area Response time The time required to output a signal after a target object enters the detection area of the switch No output for dark or light status shorter than the response time t response time Light Dark ON Output OFF Timers For models with timer function output pulse width and output timing can be set by the user ON delay ON delay timer delays the output timing or disables short time outputs It is used to avoid output chattering or to control detection position OFF delay OFF delay timer extends the output time It is effective when the sampling speed of connected device is low comparing with the switch output One shot One shot timer fixes the output time constant Output time can be constant regardless of target object size Time chart Detection status Light ON without timer Light ON ON delay Light ON OFF delay Light ON one shot Light OFF without timer
23. ht the target object at A can be detected while the object at B cannot Receiver Target object B Emitted beam Target object A Reception area Emitter lens Background suppression switches Detection method The receiver in the switch is a dual photodiode Target objects closer to the present position are detected by means of beam concentrated position on the photodiode Receptors dual photodiode N Near F Far The lens is set to upper limit for the FHDK10 _ n Se Undetectable area Detectable area Features of background suppression switches e Operation not greatly affected by target object surface conditions or color e Operation not greatly affected by the background Beam emitter This includes a light source such as a light emitting diode LED and an optical system lens Beam receiver The receiver uses a photoelectric conversion device suchas a photo transistor to detect the beam from the emitter through an optical system lens Scanning range This is the range within which the photoelectric switch operates reliably Thru scan switch The maximum distance between emitter and receiver at which operation is reliable Emitter Receiver Scanning range Yt Retroreflective switch The maximum distance between switch and reflector at which operation is reliable Emitter receiver Reflector Scanning range Diffuse scan switch
24. irror or highly reflective mirrorlike Examples of target object that might cause faulty operation Mount the switch at a slight angle to the target object Increase the distance between the switch and the target object Lower the sensitivity setting of the switch Countermeasures 3 Environment 3 1 Effects of dirt and dust Various parts of recent photoelectric switches are made of plastic These parts access windows lenses and reflectors are easily damaged when soiled and must be cleaned regularly Clean them by wiping softly with a clean cloth Water and a neutral detergent may be used Do not use organic solvents such as benzene acetone or paint thinner the switch may be damaged Optical parts made of glass can be cleaned quickly with alcohol Organic solvent 3 2 Ingress protection Generally the performance ofa photoelectric switchis not guaranteed when it is subject to rain or sprayed water or when there are water drops or dew on the lens surface Therefore it is necessary to carefully select a switch with characteristics that are appropriate for the environment where it will be used Since the end of the cable is outside the protective structure be sure to keep it away from water Do not allow water to enter from here 3 3 Effects of ambient light Malfunction may occur due to the influence of strong light sources such as the sun spotlights or infrared lamps in the range of th
25. ividual variability mounting conditions or fiber unit types D Fiber unit cautions Cutting fiber optic cables Use the dedicated cutter included with the unit to cut the fiber High and low temperature proof fibers cannot be cut Insert the fiber cable to the desired cutting length into one of the previously unused holes in the cutter Push down the blade in one strong and smooth motion Do not reuse a hole once used to cut a fiber cable e f the sensing face is dirty wipe with a soft clean cloth Do not use benzine thinner or other organic solvents e Fiber insertion condition or fiber cutting condition may shorten the scanning range by approx 20 For details about the specifications of the fiber unit and cautions for use refer to the specifications To avoid injury do not disassemble the dedicated cutter Heat resistant fiber unit Fiber head color might change in high temperature HPF V series vacuum fiber units Although flanges fiber units for vacuum and lens units are washed with IPA baking is required before use Mounting junction cautions A junction unit uses O ring to obtain sealing performance Do not weld it the chamber wall Doing so might tarnish the internal glass rod Available wall thickness 8 to 10 mm Recommended mounting hole 5 0 2 0 1 mm dia Recommended surface roughness of wall 1 6 Ry Wall Fiber unit for air a Junction unit Plain washer
26. ject for the photoelectric switch m 2 Mounting 2 1 Mutual interference Incorrect operation may occur due to mutual interference of photoelectric switches mounted in close proximity The following measures can be taken to avoid mutual interference Countermeasures Thru scan switches Diffuse scan switches Use a switch with anti mutual interference function If switches are mounted in close proximity use switches with anti mutual interference function such as HP100 series excluding thru scan model HPX series and HPX AG series Anti mutual interference function is not effective between different switch models Even for the same switch models with anti mutual interference function digital PV indication might fluctuate In this case take additional countermeasures Install an For the HP100 etc installing an anti mutual anti mutual interference filter allows interference gang mounting up to 2 units filter Anti mutual interference filter HP100 U01 Separate switches to distance where interference does not occur Check the parallel displacement characteristics and install the switches accordingly at a distance at least 1 5 times the parallel displacement range Separate the switches by at least 1 5 times the detection area Target object gt Switch Target object Detection area depends on target surface conditions Check the detection after mounting Alternate emitters and receivers Gang
27. justs the output gain The solid line in the chart is the original output voltage Output voltage for the same light intensity can be raised A orlowered B The sensitivity tuning range depends on the scanning distance or target condition A Voltage V Light intensity 12 Mi HANDLING 1 General handling Do not swing the photoelectric switch by the cable Do not pull excessively on the cable of the photoelectric switch Do not use photoelectric switch fiber optic cables made of plastic where organic solvents are present Do not bend the fiber part of a fiber optic switch excessively or subject it to unreasonable force one eto TA EET SMALL aS a i P 4 1 Do not apply excessive tightening torque to the head a fiber optic switch l Yy Setscrew flat point or cup point M3 max In case of cylindrical head Head shape Allowable tightening torque M3 M4 screw M6 screw Cylindrical Typical values are shown Refer to the specifications of each fiber unit model for specified torque If a fiber optic switch must be used where there is heavy vibration secure the fiber unit to prevent movement Make sure that there is no vibration where the fiber unit is coupled with the amplifier unit 2 Fiber optic photoelectric switches in explosive gas atmospheres Fiber unit structure transmit only light beam Since optical energy does not act as an
28. k mount 7 HPF EU05 fiber optic cable extension unit The scanning range will be decreased by 1 4 times from original Recommended mounting hole Single mounted 24 0 2 Gang mounted So ee Panel thickness 1 0 to 2 0 mm Refer also to User s Manual and Specifications of each model E PFA CHEMICAL PROOF Heavy oils A B C OK Light oil OK Aniline CeHsNHe OK Paraffinum liquidum OK Acrylonitrile C2HsCN OK Sodium dichromate NazCr2O7 OK Asphatt Ba NOs Acetone CHs 2CO Silicone oil OK Methanol CHsOH Plant oil OK Isooctane i CsHis Barium hydroxide Ba OH z Isobutyl alcohol i C4HsOH Phenol CeHsOH OK Isobutyl methyl ketone CaHsCOCHs Turbine oil OK C2HsOH Sodium carbonate NazCOs OK Ether CHs 2O Turpentine OK C2H4 OH 2 OK Natural volatile oil OK Enamel Enamel pait si Kerosine petroleum Calcium chloride Trichlorethylene CeHCls Sodium chloride Toluene CeHsCHs Gasoline Nitrobenzene CeHsNOz Glass Wil Hydrofluoric acid hydrogen fluoride Comense wef Ferrosilicon Dilute sodium hydroxide NaOH a Dilute acetic acid CHsCOOH Propyl alcohol CsHs OH s Dilute nitric acid HNOs Propylene glycol CsH2 OH z2 Dilute sulfuric acid Benzene Crt CsH OH COOH s Methyl violet Glycerin CsHs OH s OK Water CeH4 OH CHs Carbon tetrachloride CCla a 1 eee ed For information on hydrofluoric acid contact our sales staff Additi
29. om background For diffuse scan switches slanting the switch to the background decreases the reflection from the background in case of regular reflection material mirror mirror finished stainless steel etc The detection performance also depends on hysteresis minimum detectable level difference Light intensity saturation is not always the cause of the detection failure of minute level difference Fiber optic switches HPX AG EG series Set to the anti saturation mode or to the sensing type with higher response speed Separate the two fiber units or separate the fiber unit from background HPX series potentiometer tuning fiber optic switch Turn the tuning potentiometer to MIN direction and check if the problem is solved Separate the two fiber units or separate the fiber unit from background For diffuse scan fiber units light intensity may have a certain level even without the target due to the fiber internal reflection called crosstalk In this case detection remains the light status at the maximum sensitivity Execute the BGS an auto tuning type of HPX AG EG series etc or other tuning When a polarized retroreflective switch is used to detect highly reflective object or objects that disturb polarization detection might be inconsistent In such case take the following countermeasures Target object covered with a transparent film Semi transparent target object semi transparent case etc M
30. onal Notes e The above table is not a guarantee that the product can be used with the indicated substance e Substances such as strong acids and ammonia may penetrate PFA fluororesin Before use thoroughly read the Precautions for use and Precautions for handling in the Technical Guide on pages A 141 to A 156 as well as the instruction manual and product specification for this switch 16
31. polarization These reflected waves are eliminated by a filter Reflective object a Emitter beam Reflector Reflected beam When a polarized retroreflective switch is used to detect highly reflective object or objects that disturb polarization detection might be inconsistent In such case take the following countermeasures Examples of target object that might cause faulty operation Target object covered with a transparent film Semi transparent target object semi transparent case etc Mirror or highly reflective mirrorlike object Countermeasures Mount the switch at a slight angle to the target object Increase the distance between the switch and the target object e Lower the sensitivity setting of the switch Diffuse scan switch A beam emitter and a beam receiver are located in close proximity A passing or approaching object is sensed by the change in the quantity of reflected light caused by the object Emitter receiver Target object Limited diffuse scan switches Limited diffuse scan switches Detection method In the same way as for diffuse scan switches limited diffuse scan switches receive light reflected from the target object to detect it The emitter and receiver are installed to receive only regular reflection light so only objects that are a specific distance area where light emission and reception overlap from the switch can be detected In the figure on the rig
32. t is recommended that the load or load line power be turned OFF before the switch power is turned OFF Light intensity saturation in minute target detection Use the aperture mask sold separately or included It is effective to saturation due to a short scanning distance no light level difference in different detection status Available for HP100 series HPJ series HPF T021T HPF TO21WT etc Light intensity saturation in minute level difference Receiving lightintensity saturation may occurin detecting transparent or semi transparent target with thru scan switches or in detecting target background level difference There are two kinds of saturations saturation in circuit and saturation in indication Light intensity saturation in circuit Switches with self contained amplifiers No indicator status change in detection status change Target present Target absent a n n Both stability and output indicators are ON Both stability and output indicators are ON The situation does not change even adjusting the tuning potentiometer in target present status Light intensity saturation in indications Fiber optic switches With the target Without the target Target object il ll Background un ur Amplifier PV indication Amplifier PV indication Countermeasures Switches with self contained amplifiers For thru scan switches separate the emitter and the receiver For diffuse scan switches separate the switch fr
33. t objects causing unreliable operation as illustrated below Raise or lower the switch or alter that operating angle to ensure reliability Emitter receiver Switch raised off the mounting surface DX MmyAa a Influence from the background The background behind target objects may affect the operation of diffuse scan switches depending on its luminance and reflectivity Generally a black background is desirable Emitter receiver Target object Ut 2 5 Direction of motion of the target object and orientation of the switch for retroreflective switches restricted by distance measurement Pay attention to the orientation of the switch with respect to the direction of travel of target objects 12 D vce A Target object Direction of motion o Direction of motion Direction of motion Target A Install the switch in the same manner even if the color or surface condition of the target objects changes greatly Make sure that the sensing surface of the switch is parallel to the surface of the target object so that the target object is not at an angle Power ON OFF Power reset time The switch will be ready to detect approximately 10 to 100 ms after the power is turned ON If the switch and the load are connected to separate power supplies turn ON the switch power before turning ON the load power Turning OFF power An output pulse may be generated when the power is turned OFF I
34. toelectric switches have individual and common properties which must be considered for proper operation Common properties are treated below 1 Effects determined by the target object 1 1 Target object size Generally a thru scan switch can detect any object larger than the smallest permissible target size Some types of target however must be at least several times the minimum size e g moving path The scanning range of a retroreflective photoelectric switch depends on the size of the target object Scanning range Width of target object 1 2 Target object materials A thru scan switch can only detect opaque objects A switch witha tuning function is required to detect semi transparent objects The scanning range of a diffuse scan switch depends on the target object materials The relative scanning ranges for various materials are shown below White paper Red paper Blue paper Black paper Corrugated cardboard Iron sheet Aluminum sheet Sheet glass ABS white 1 2 3 Relative scanning range 1 3 Target object speed The following equation tells how the width and speed of a target object affects the response time of a photoelectric switch W2VT A W Width of a detectable object m V Passing speed of the object m s T Response time of photoelectric switch s A Minimum width of target ob
35. ward until it is in place M3 nut lt gt Concave I O IT M3 stud bolt ee SZ Straight type Mounting HPF D027 D033 tank level fiber optic cables To install the fiber optic switch use a commercially available fluorine rein joint that matches the outside diameter of the PFA tube LZ Slotted block mount 15 e The following may cause unstable sensing Bubbles on conical portion of sensing head Chemical precipitate on conical portion of sensing head High density liquid e Some liquid properties suchas milky white color may be undetectable e Do not scratch or deform the fiber unit tip Doing so may cause unstable sensing Protect it esp the conical part from impact In case dripping causes output chattering use a timer HPF D027 detection part Sensing range 3 7 mm The level at which liquid is detected differs according to surface tension and wet condition of HPF D027 detection part Mounting HPF T029 series T035 D014 chemical proof fiber optic cables To install the fiber optic switch use a commercially available fluorine resin joint that matches the outside diameter of the PFA tube e The bend radius of the protective tube must be more than the minimum bend radius specified for each fiber unit If itis less than the minimum bend radius it may damage the fiber unit e Do not apply excessive tension to the fiber optic cable Fluorine resin joint Slotted bloc
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