IRC SP 038: Manual for Road Investment Decision Model
Contents
1. g l uh i 1 4 4 4 p f f f A 4 pr i Per t E 4 4 y y LI 2 E 54 Duy 7 UE g PU mom E 1 P y N T 4 rm Nx c xb 2 D e IS d 3 D UE Dd d 4 NEW DELHI 1992 SA io HN x 4 D fi 5 An M s i J En 4 u t he i j a 3 L 2 i f D D z y 4 1 7 the a 4 41 s n L D 4 72 L D F 2 3 a y 2 x iN ag i 77 4 E T 2 LET D 2 of 2 s i ey 4 7 z 44 4 FA A pu 4 j E 7 p 4 fre T f i t 4 aiff G Ae j 1 4001 H f E 4 pol LE 4 D 7 ht XA E m 4 4 4 e 7 Ya 4 2 Yon 1 1 n Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https archive org details govlawircy1992sp38 0 Indian Roads Congress Special Publication 38 MANUAL FOR ROAD INVESTMENT DECISION MODEL Published by The Indian Roads Congress Copies can be had from The Secretary Indian Roads Congress Jamnagar House Shahjahan Road New Delhi 110011 Price Rs 502. 41 42 43 44 45 Singh Prof C G Swaminathan M M Swaroop The Chief Engineer The Chief Project Manager Roads The Director The Engineer in Chief The President The Director General The Secretary General Manager Technical Indian Road Construction Corporation Ltd Badri 50 Thiruvenkadam Street R A Puram Madras Secretary to the Govt of Rajasthan PWD Concrete Association of India Bombay Rail India Technical amp Economic Services Ltd Highways Research Station Madras Haryana P W D B amp R Indian Roads Congress V P Kamdar Secretary to the Govt of Gujarat Ex officio Road Development amp Addl Secretary to the Govt of India K K Sarin Ex officio Indian Roads Congress D P Gupta Ex officio Corresponding Members M B Jayawant O Mutahchen A T Patel Synthetic Asphalts 103 Pooja Mahul Road Chambur Bombay Tolicode P O Punalur Kerala Chairman amp Managing Director Appollo Earth Movers Pvt Ltd Ahmedabad FOREWORD Highway improvement programmes are assuming increasing importance in view of the fast growing road transport needs of the country However as resources are scarce it is essential that the projects should be economically justifiable In this context economic evaluation has become a handy tool for making correct investment decisions Indian Roads Congress had published in 1984 a Manual on Economic
3. i i I y P 2 vun de I N py 1 1 i V d k j V v y t N 1 n D i y gt 11 N i T v l y Y m wee An X IL E 2 Indian Roads Congress i indian Congress Special Publication 38 iv v 35 n x 5 L4 S 4 4 Y S E 2 00 J P A a z f e 1 2 d 2 4 j 7 gt D DENT A 7 D LI i 5 lt a 4 s f f D s d d tr Ape 4 Ld 3 d 4 3 r V e i y 2 ANG F 2 2 z 4 62 5 UNA 4 GS 4 4 4 y d 1 a e E 4 y 4 L 7 Af lt 4 d gt EN y f D 4 D 4 Ln 3 AN D 4 D 4 E ins 1 2 F 44 f 4 3 2 2 P 4 4 4 3 K y fi 4 y Li 7 i 1 j N d h 4 A D j 4 4 h k lt n 1 7 pi 2 7 2 1 P 7 4 f n 4 And
4. PERCENTAGE GROWTH RATE UPTO YEAR GIVE YEAR O GROWTH RATE CARS O GROWTH RATE BUSES 0 GROWTH RATE TRUCKS GROWTH RATE TWO WHEELERS O CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE COST FINANCIAL RS LAKH CONS MDC COST BASE YEAR CONS MDC COST FIRST YEAR CONS MDC COST SECOND YEAR CONS MDC COST THIRD YEAR CONS MDC COST FOURTH YEAR CONS MDC COST FIFTH YEAR COST OF OVL STG 1 O COST OF OVL STG 2 O COST OF OVL STG 3 O COST OF OVL STG 4 O COST OF ORD REPAIRS KM YEAR COST OF PRD RENEWAL KM YEAR PRD REN COMMENCEMENT YEAR ECO COST CONVERSION FACTOR DISCOUNTING RATE 1 DISCOUNTING RATE2 DISCOUNTING RATE 3 ECONOMIC COST OF RESOURCES ECR PETROL RS LITRE DIESEL RS LITRE ENGINE OIL RS LITRE OTHER OIL RS LITRE GREASE RS KG TYRE COST CAR RS TYRE TYRE COST BUS RS TYRE TYRE COST TRUCKS RS TYRE COSTOFCAR RS VEHICLE COST OF BUS RS VEHICLE COST OF TRUCK RS VEHICLE CREW COST BUS RS DAY CREW COST TRUCK RS DAY LABOUR COST RS HOUR VALUE OF TRAVEL TIME BUS PASSENGER RS HOUR CAR amp TWO WHEELERPASSENGER RS HOUR COMMODITY IN TRANSIT RS HOUR 0 15 0 40 1990 10 00 20 00 40 00 21 35 95 10 460 90 476 10 476 10 380 80 0 25 0 80 2000 0 80 3 40 2 97 6 00 10 00 9 00 383 1674 2268 48000 189750 150000 147 30 51 20 225 4 49 8 21 3 00 27 UPDATE FACTORS ASSIGN UPDATE FACTORS IF ECR VTT NOT UPDATED ELSE 1 00 VEHICLE OPERATING COST 1 59 1 59 TIME SAVING PASSENGER 0
5. Thousande ROUGHNESS MM KM Thousand o Appendix 5 NET PRESENT VALUE v s DISCOUNT RATE DISCOUNT RATE D without ts with ts Appendix 6 ROUGHNESS v s YEAR 6 5 5 5 ALT 1 ALT 2 RSZ KM Appendix 7 VEHICLE OPERATING COST v s YEAR CARS t bos er MS aT Orya ar 45 M d ABE gt e 3 42 34k A ak f x m Si pe ky 273 n Dee iy S R MM 45 Aids ADM Pay 33 4 ZEN Tm wily Se aa iy T n dre MS 4 a tt iy y a POPS Ry uy t NEG FAS s A E 1 m ES SII aos br ng v Fu d INC E Pu f uei Y Beg 4 Pot M 27 3 PLNS A M A AS EA an BLOCH es 47 A EA IN ws in 7 NA ap phu E LANI 27 LU 29 09 2 Pu 4459 VAM s 3 PESE 2 Sm 511 du Wy lay LORS 1 Hp 4 Y ANP SN 0 T 3 PEA ta f LIN y c bf 4 9 wz 442 1 r 9 EN PER 20M Io A INE m RR 74 RES opo SN 4 je VOS ae 4 ip IR ES ad 5 Qi n fe ud VIA eA EN D ot egos ZEN iee
6. Evaluation of Highway Projects in India This enabled the highway engineers to carry out economic analysis of road improvement projects in a scientific manner The analysis of different options with this procedure by manual calculations is however a time consuming task due to which the technique has not been used to its full advantage The computer model now developed overcomes this difficulty and enables quick detailed analysis of various alternatives The Manual for Road Investment Decision Model is the first Computer based manual published by the Indian Roads Congress programmed floppy which is enclosed with this manual will help the user to make use of computer for economic analysis The model is very easy to use and caters to the requirements for analysing alternative proposals evaluating alternate strategies and ranking schemes in order of priority The Manual fulfills a long felt need and its widespread use by highway engineers will have a beneficial effect on planning and preparation of highway projects in India 5 1 The RIDM esa 2 Programme Installation oL SL Input Data Requirements And Output Reports 13 4 Procedure To Run Programme mde 35 Sample Run E 20 6 References 24 TABLES Table 1 Speed Flow Equations Table 2 Recommended Design Service Volumes w Table 3 Major Inputs to RIDM 3 113 Table 4 Output Reports Generated by RIDM m 16 FIGURES Fig 1 Structure of
7. 1538 63 06 6962 5781 5003 7028 2751 13 52 33 34 39255 37280 765 35 456 76991 43460 257 84 10225 y 1913 5106 3235 12339 25066 4200 1933 1056 610 3235 12335 25066 2067 37 58 3420 3891 3403 6259 69 22 5736 51944 8752 33560 16 70 4022 45004 41423 894 26 356 898 82 46124 25085 85 27 m MINS 1133 687 1529 13379 27143 4400 2085 1133 663 3520 13379 27143 2134 35 39 3150 3725 3258 6208 6878 5687 45 80 11009 41497 2033 488 9426 46010 105437 456 105893 49400 24627 71 75 T 726 1204 TEN 14506 29193 any 2250 1204 1202 1550 14506 29391 2201 32 69 28 58 3545 3100 6153 6831 5634 4810 14020 53185 2493 5993 74691 510397 1257 80 4 56 126236 535 36 24465 6110 12 42 15729 STE 41 2425 1250 7821 4200 15729 INES 2268 29 7h 2541 3349 2930 6093 6780 5577 4734 18133 67071 30 85 7420 95710 56712 152422 760 151662 58472 24494 5243 28 136 8394 4581 17057 14275 5000 2620 1351 8494 4583 1705 34475 2335 26 59 2197 313 2745 6028 6724 5515 4652 23927 88774 3859 9296 125855 629 36 1887 91 760 1880 31 65904 25307 4643 gift 1437 9554 S x 15497 17339 ULT 2827 143 9224 5100 1849 37319 2402 24115 1825 2909 2544 5958 6664 5448 4563 12434 122551 48 88 11807 171680 24005 1956 85 760 194925 621 09 21862 3438 1535 EIA 5155 20060 40441 sy 1080 1538 5455 20060 10443 2469 1943 1321 2661 2327 35832 6599 5375 4467 45682 1807 16 62 89 152 50 247938 27767 275705 760 274945 79642 25697 34 64 HER 2241 1815 IN S 139 2
8. 1990 Thereafter the draft was taken up for discussion by the Council in their meeting held on 8th December 1990 The Council authorised the Convenor of Highways Specifications amp Standards Committee to do the necessary modifica tions based on comments received Accordingly the draft was finally modified by the Convenor Highways Specifications and Standards Committee for printing as one of the IRC Publications 1 24 Modifications in IRC SP 30 1984 Manual on Economic Evaluation of Highway Projects in India The following modifications have been incorporated in the model i The IRC Special Publication 30 specifies the design service volumes for various pavement widths in terms of vehicles per day whereas this Model considers the design service volumes in terms of Passenger Car Units PCU per day in line with the revised IRC standard IRC 64 1990 Guidelines on Capacity of Roads in Rural Areas First Revision 11 Speed volume relationships given in Table 2 of IRC SP 30 1984 which relate the speed and the hourly volume in terms of number of vehicles have not been used in the model as new Speed flow equations have become available through a recent research study Ref 4 The new Speed flow equations which relate the speed and traffic volume in terms of PCU hr have been incorporated in the model The equations are given in Table 1 13 Capabilities and Applications of the Model The RIDM carries out economic evalu
9. 2 Level 2 Level 3 Screen menu Input Cost IRR Result 1 Result 2 Graph Quit Print menu Input Cost Result 1 Result 2 Quit File menu Input Cost Result 1 Result2 Graph Quit Graph menu NPV Roughness VOC Quit A menu option can be selected by highlighting the appropriate item using the arrow keys and pressing the Enter key The selected menu will reappear after completing the task except when the Screen menu or Graph menu are chosen The Screen menu again be displayed by pressing and keys together The Graph menu be displayed by pressing Enter key after viewing the graph File menu option facilitates the user to save the output reports in ASCII files The names of the ASCII files are to be specified by the user In case extension is specified by the user default extension PRN is provided The procedure to save and print the graphs is explained in the Sample run 4 41 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 PROCEDURE TO RUN THE PROGRAMME Running RIDM on PC AT PC XT Switch on the Computer Change to the directory where Lotus 1 2 3 and RIDM are installed by typing the command given below dir stands for the name of the directory where RIDM is installed C gt CD DIR Load lotus 1 2 3 with the following command C gt 123 Retrieve the RIDM WKI file Press the keys in the following sequence to retrieve the RIDM file Key Explanation Press sl
10. 35 66 0 0240 Vtw 42 98 0 0350 Vtw 40 83 0 0330 Viw 36 96 0 0300 64 04 0 0200 Vc 60 84 0 0190 53 79 0 0170 Intermediate Vt 51 05 0 0100 Vt 48 50 0 0100 Vt 39 82 0 0080 14116 Vb 58 85 0 0170 Vb 55 32 0 0160 Vb 45 31 0 0130 53 10 0 0170 Vtw 255 97 0 0170 Vtw 249 49 0 0160 Vc 67 96 0 0120 6524 0010 57 7 0 0100 Two lane Vt 58 96 0 0080 56 01 0 0080 46 58 0 0060 Vb 66 79 0 013Q 62 78 0 012Q Vb 52 76 0 0100 Viw 51 58 0 007Q 49 52 0 007Q0 Viw 40 75 0 0060 Vc 268 73 0 00490 Vc 265 98 0 00490 258 42 0 00420 Four lane Vt 263 25 0 00470 Vt 260 09 0 0045Q Vt 249 97 0 00370 Divided Vb 74 48 0 0042Q Vb 70 01 0 00390 Vb 58 84 0 00330 carriageway Vtw 257 21 0 00620 Vtw 234 92 0 00590 248 63 0 00530 where volume of traffic in PCU hour 0 10 PCU day Vc speed of cars km hour Vt speed of trucks in km hour Vb speed of buses km hour Vtw speed of two wheelers in km hour 1 4 7 Accident cost Accident costs are not calculated endogeneous ly but can be specified directly by the user by combining them with other cost parameters if required 1 4 8 Design service volume The design service volumes for the existing road ALT 1 and the proposed facility ALT 2 are to be defined by the user as input parameters The design service volumes for both the alternatives are to be chosen carefully d
11. 4750 817 5623 6106 6631 T202 7821 8494 9224 10017 10879 11815 12871 13934 15132 16434 17847 TW 1695 1561 2047 2280 2473 2717 2965 3235 3529 3550 4200 1583 SOO0 5455 5931 6492 7067 9128 5431 919 10035 ADI 6890 7494 Rite 964 10498 1135 12339 13379 14306 15729 17057 19447 20060 21755 23895 2589 27759 30111 12664 35434 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS WITHOUT TIME SAVINGS RESULT 1 PROJECT WIDENING TO FOUR LANE STATE 4 SECTION KM 0 19 11 09 90 PCL 14163 15376 16695 18125 19637 21381 23150 23066 27143 29394 3183 14475 17339 40443 43807 47454 51406 55691 60325 65369 70827 ROUGHNESS 2000 2067 2134 2201 2265 2335 2402 2469 2536 2603 2670 2121 2804 2871 293N VEHICLE OPERATING COST ALT 1 CARS 1 94 2 00 2 03 2 07 210 13 216 2 19 2 22 2125 229 4 34 235 2 38 BUSES TRUCKS 332 4 66 299 168 335 4 69 3 36 471 3 17 4 72 3 39 4 74 3 40 4 75 3 42 471 3 43 4 79 3 45 4 80 3 46 482 348 4 84 3 49 4 85 351 487 3 52 4 59 TW 0 39 Q 39 Q 40 0 41 0 41 0 42 0 43 0 43 0 44 0 44 0 45 0 46 0 46 0 47 0 48 VEHICLE OPERATING COST ALT 2 CARS 1 24 24 E25 1 25 1 25 1 25 178 178 1 79 1 79 1 79 179 1 79 1 79 1 79 2 83 2 83 2 84 2 84 2 85 2 85 3 21 3 22 1 3 23 3 23 323 3 23 3 24 3 25 RATE OF INTERNAL RETURN WITHOUT TIME SAVING 4 09 4 09 4 10 4 10 4 10 4
12. FC 57 74 5115 08 V 0 027192 0 016 RG 1 01 V Speed of vehicle Kmph RS Rise in m km FL Fall in m km RG Roughness in mm km RF Combined Rise 4 Fall in m km 25 INPUT FORMAT WITH SPECIMEN DATA HIGHWAY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ALT2 14 00 19 00 1995 15 5 00 2000 67 1135 695 3365 1695 PROJECT WIDENING TO FOUR LANE STATE ANDHRA PRADESH NH4 SECTION KM 0 19 DISCRIPTION ALT1 ROAD WIDTH 7 00 LENGTH 19 00 BASE YEAR 1990 YEAR OF COMPLETION DESIGN PERIOD YEARS RISE AND FALL M KM 5 00 INITIAL ROUGHNESS MM KM 4000 INCREASE IN RG YR 200 YEAR OF OVL STG 1 O YEAR OF OVL STG 2 O Y3AR OF OVL STG 3 O YEAR OF OVL STG 4 0 KG AFTER OVL STG 1 MM KM O RG AFTER OVL STG 2 MM KM O RG AFTER OVL STG 3 MM KM O RG AFTER OVL STG 4 MM KM O CARS DAY IN BASE YEAR 1135 BUSES DAY IN BASE YEAR 695 TRUCKS DA Y IN BASE YEAR 3365 2 WHEELERS DAY IN BASE YEAR 1695 DESIGN SERVICE VOL PCU DA Y 15000 For Help Press Enter Alt H PERCENTAGE GROWTH RATE UP TO YEAR GIVE YEAR GROWTH RATE CARS GROWTH RATE BUSES GROWTH RATE TRUCKS GROWTH RATE TWO WHEELERS 7 90 6 30 9 00 9 90 35000 1995 7 90 6 30 9 00 9 90 APPENDIX 2 01 01 80 PERCENTAGE GROWTH RATE UPTO YEAR GIVE YEAR O 2010 GROWTH RATE CARS O GROWTH RATE BUSES 46 O GROWTH RATE TRUCKS GROWTH RATE TWO WHEELERS O 26 7 90 6 30 8 60 9 10 7 90 6 30 8 60 9 10
13. RIDM MES Fig 2 Flow chart for calculating VOC v APPENDICES Appendix 1 Fuel Consumption Equations 2 25 Appendix 2 Input Format with Specimen Data 1426 Appendix 3 Economic Analysis without Time Savings 29 Appendix 4 Economic Analysis with Time Savings a 30 Contd Appendix 5 Net Present Value v s Discount rate Graph 31 Appendix 6 Roughness v s Year Graph Appendix 7 Vehicle Operating Cost v s Year Graph ie 990 1 THE RIDM ek Introduction 11 1 The Road Investment Decision Model RIDM Version 1 is a computer based model designed to carry out economic evaluation of highway projects in accordance with the procedure described in the IRC Special Publica tion 30 Manual on Economic Evaluation of Highway Projects in India with modifications as described in para 1 2 Economic analysis involves quantification of the total transportation cost components for alternative strategies for road improvement and evaluating each of them against the do nothing alternative Proper analysis of various options by manual calculations is a time consuming task which makes it difficult to use the technique to full advantage manually The computer model overcomes this shortcoming and enables detailed analysis of possible combinations of alternatives quickly The Model has been developed using Lotus 1 2 3 Software and its advanced macro programming features It has been tested and applied on a number of major national highway projects
14. above procedure and save the other graphs for Roughness v s year and VOC Car v s year in two separate files with names RG and VOC respectively Select Quit to go to Main menu Select Quit to leave RIDM Press Y to confirm 2 Printing Graph Type Pgraph on C Select Image select option Select from the list of graph files displayed by the computer Select Go to print the graph Repeat the procedure to print the other two graphs Print outs at Appendices 5 6 amp 7 Select Exit to leave this session after printing the graph REFERENCES Central Road Research Institute CRRI Road User Cost Study in India Final Report New Delhi India 1982 Indian Roads Congress IRC Special Publication 30 Manual on Economic Evaluation of Highway Projects in India New Delhi India 1984 Indian Roads Congress 64 1990 Guidelines for Capacity of Roads in Rural Areas New Delhi Updating of Road User Cost Study Draft Report 1990 APPENDIX 1 FUEL CONSUMPTION EQUATIONS AS PER RUCS CAR FC 16 91 2748 85 V 0 0218V 0 00098 RG 2 28 RS 1 69 FL BUS FC 42 20 4997 94 V 0 0265 V 0 00154 RG 4 26 RS 2 2744 FL TRUCKS FC 57 74 5115 08 V 0 0271 V 0 0016 RG 4 3598 RS 2 3277 FL Modified Equations as used in the Model CAR 16 91 2748 85 V 0 0218V 0 00098 RG 0 273 RF BUS 42 20 4997 94 V 0 0265V 0 00154 RG RF TRUCKS
15. down Alt key and press to call back Screen menu Repeat the process to browse through other reports On selecting Graph further sub menu will appear Make selection to view the desired graph on the screen Press Enter key to call Graph menu back Select Quit to go to Screen menu Select Quit to go to Main menu Printing Reports Select Print option from the Main menu Select Input from the menu for printing input data After printing data Print menu re appears Print out at Appendix 2 Select Result 1 to print detailed report and IRR without time savings After printing Result 1 Print menu re appears Select Result 2 to print detailed report and IRR with time savings Print outs at Appendices 3 amp 4 Leave print menu by selecting Quit 25 24 Step 9 1 2 3 4 Printing Graph For printing graphs it is necessary that the Printgraph utility is already installed on your computer Printing of a graph requires saving of the graph in a file 1 Saving the Graph in a ile Select File from the Main menu Select Graph from the File menu Select NPV from the Graph menu Graph for NPV v s Discount rate will appear on the screen press Enter Type NPV as file name when the computer prompts for file name Press Enter File menu will re appear Repeat the
16. type in the data 1 To correct a wrong entry move the cursor to the cell and enter the correct value 111 To make a cell blank move the cursor to that cell and type 0 17 Thecursor should move within the i input format A1 G100 If itis found that the cursor is moving to cells outside the input format it can be brought back to the formatted range A1 G100 by pressing Alt key and I key together v It is not necessary to specify values of the variables marked optional unless their effect is required to be considered vi The values for Economic cost of resources and travel time displayed in the input format are default values at 1984 prices If base year prices of these items are available the new values may be entered by the user It is required to be ensured that all the values are updated If the current prices for these items are not available the prices can be updated by specifying update factors So M copy of the input format with specimen data for a highway project is given in Appendix 2 dug Output Reports Im The model gencrates five output reports which are described in Table 4 The programme also facilitates display and printing of graphs NPV v s Discount rate 11 Roughness v s Year and 111 v s Year 15 TABLE 4 OUTPUT REPORTS GENERATED BY RIDM Report Record Contents Length Input 80 Echo print of Input data Cost Table 132 Yearwise cost of construction and maintena
17. 0 NEW DELHI 1992 Plus Packing amp Postage Plus packing amp postage charges Published in February 1992 Reprinted August 2005 The Rights of Publication and Translation are reserved Printed at Sagar Printers amp Publishers New Delhi 500 copies MEMBERS OF THE HIGHWAYS SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Sikka Dutta Member Secretary S S K Bhagat P Rama Chandran Dr S Raghava Chari Chaudhuri Dr M P Dhir N B Desai J K Dugad Lt Gen M S Gosain Dr Gupta D K Gupta D P Gupta S S Das Gupta Dr L R Kadiyali Dr LK Kamboj Addl Director General Roads Ministry of Surface Transport Roads Wing Chief Engineer Roads Ministry of Surface Transport Roads Wing Chief Engineer Civil New Delhi Municipal Committee Chief Engineer R amp B Govt of Kerala Head Transportation Engineering Regional Engineering College Warangal Chief Engineer Retd Assam Public Works Department Director Engg Coordination Council of Scientific amp Industrial Research Director Gujarat Engineering Research Institute Chief Engineer Mechanical Ministry of Surface Transport Roads Wing Director General Border Roads Professor amp Co ordinator University of Roorkee Chief Engineer HQ UP PWD Chief Engineer Planning Ministry of Surface Transpo
18. 1 59 1 59 TIME SAVING COMMODITY 1 59 1 59 28 YEAR 1990 Qu A UY ty 1 us quf 99 Qu 2 TK Me es DIS MS NO OF 155 ALT 1 CARS 1135 Ils 1321 1426 1538 1660 1791 1933 2085 ARI 242N zh 2527 1080 129 1551 3531 4134 4460 4813 191 BUSES 695 19 755 N35 SS 943 1003 1066 1133 1203 1250 1361 1447 1515 1635 1738 154 1964 2087 2219 2159 TRUCKS 3365 3668 39985 1358 1750 SEN 5623 6106 8631 Pete 7821 5494 9224 10017 10579 11515 12531 13934 15132 16434 17847 TW 1695 1863 2047 2250 2473 2717 2965 3235 3529 3550 4200 4583 5000 455 951 6492 7082 7728 8431 9198 10035 ADT 6890 7494 8152 BRAR 9648 104953 11381 12339 13279 14506 15729 17057 18497 20060 21755 23595 25592 27759 30111 32664 35434 POL 14163 15376 16695 13128 19687 2138 23150 25066 27133 29394 11832 34475 37339 40443 43807 37454 51404 55691 60335 55369 70827 ROUGHNESS 4000 4200 4400 1600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 6200 6400 6600 6509 NO VEHICLES ALT 2 CARS 1321 1426 1538 1660 1791 1933 2085 2220 2428 2620 an 3050 3291 3551 3831 4134 4460 4813 9193 BUSES 695 239 785 525 557 943 1003 1066 1133 1204 1280 1361 1447 1538 1635 1738 547 1964 2087 2219 2159 TRUCKS 3365 3668 3998 435
19. 1 and ECOCAL WKI files are present in the directory C gt DIR 23 Programme Back up It is strongly recommended that you make a backup copy of the RIDM disk before using it and keep the original disk safely To make a backup copy place the original programme disk in drive A and type the following command C gt COPY A WK1 B Follow the message displayed by the computer Remove the original disk and insert a blank formatted disk in drive A on which the programme will be copied 12 Tee gt eee ee ee eee ee 3 INPUT DATA REQUIREMENTS AND OUTPUT REPORTS Sle Data Required For Analysis The data required to run the programme together with the input data limits units and other related comments to facilitate the preparation of the input data in the required form are given in Table 3 TABLE 3 MAJOR INPUTS TO RIDM Input Parameter Units Limit Remarks Project Give project name Max 45 characters State Max 9 characters NH Specify NH number Section Max 9 characters Ex Km 0 25 Road Width Metre Specify carriageway width in m Ex Specify 14m for 4 L divided road with 2x7m carnageway Road Length km Specify length of the section to be evaluated It must have uniform traffic and design standards throughout its length Base Year Year of start of analysis zero year Year of Completion Construction period upto 5 years can be specified Design Period Year Upto 20 years Rise and Fall m km Upto 50 m km Roughn
20. 11 4 55 4 56 4 56 4 56 4 57 4 57 4 58 4 58 4 59 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 25 0 36 0 36 036 0 36 0 36 0 36 0 36 0 36 0 36 19 83 SAVING IN OPERATING COST YR RS LAKHS BUSES TRUCKS TW CARS BUSES TRUCKS 57 00 9774 109 65 122 86 137 51 153 73 67 65 79 29 92 39 107 11 123 64 142 17 162 92 186 14 212 09 33 92 36 80 39 92 43 30 36 96 50 92 18 97 2127 23 80 26 58 29 64 33 00 36 69 40 73 45 16 223 08 246 97 21242 302 68 335 07 370 92 129 51 14875 170 52 195 12 222 9 254 26 289 62 329 43 374 38 TW RSLAKIIS RSLAKHS RSLAKHS 28 80 32 72 3711 42 05 47 58 5378 23 93 28 36 33 41 39 17 45 72 53 15 61 59 81 97 voc SAVING 37280 41423 460 10 510 89 367 12 629 36 240 05 277 67 320 12 367 99 321 90 48258 550 82 627 50 71360 COST NET BENEFIT 13 52 13 52 6772 6172 360 36 360 37252 372 52 372 52 372 52 29628 296 28 56 377 36 4 56 418 79 4 56 364 66 4 56 515 45 760 559 52 7 60 621 76 7 60 232 45 7 60 270 07 7 60 312 52 1 60 360 39 7 60 114 30 7 60 474 98 7 60 543 22 7 60 619 90 7 60 106 00 APPENDIX 3 NETPRESENT VALUE WITHOUT TIME SAVINGS ll 111 13 52 1352 1352 61 56 5643 4837 297 82 25025 183 86 27988 215 58 135 76 25444 17965 9697 18397 119 07 55 09 213 01 126 38 50 12 214 90 116 88 39 73 216 77 108 07 31 49 218 60 99 90 24 95 213
21. 1755 II SADO 3291 1635 10879 5951 175 43807 2536 15 39 10006 2391 209 35800 65 28 5296 4363 68251 294712 82 53 201 15 391331 32012 423343 760 4225 83 111279 329 14 38 03 zus 1551 1738 11815 6492 2159 47154 Sn 1551 1735 11815 6492 21595 47454 2603 1102 1000 2100 1836 5710 6451 5210 4250 113048 312606 11112 27268 464033 36799 5008 22 760 500072 1197 13 324 57 3214 411 8547 12531 TUN 25592 514 nC 3851 1847 12531 2955 28592 51406 2670 10 00 1000 1784 1560 5614 6368 5117 41 27 136825 3315 06 15503 38370 522204 42190 564394 760 563633 1226 63 304 86 2588 4113 1964 13933 TIN 27 SEDIT e 4134 1964 13934 7728 2779 55591 2737 10 00 10 00 1441 1260 5509 6278 5016 39 95 147024 3514 50 22804 57036 578314 48258 6265 72 760 625812 1238141 28207 20 52 HIS 3435 15132 8431 30111 50145 43041 4460 2087 15132 5421 30111 60335 2804 10 00 10 00 1069 1000 5395 61 81 4907 38 51 157897 372474 366 16 54755 651743 55082 7068 24 760 7060 64 126992 26521 16 54 141 221 18534 919 32664 55369 4813 2219 16434 919 12 65369 2871 10 00 1200 1000 1000 5271 60 75 47 89 36 95 169464 394610 43011 91098 693182 62750 7609 32 760 760172 1242 94 198 28 12 72 4 7154 747 113935 35434 70827 ASFK 5193 2159 17 47 10035 39434 70827 2938 10 00 1000 1000 1000 513 5961 46 6 3525 181737 417881 463 70 976 17 743606 71360 8149 66 760 514206 121027 176 98 973 ee RATE OF INTERNAL RETURN WITH TIME SAVING 43 54 11993 10 3019 83 110 26 RS LAKHS
22. 72 90 37 19 34 217 92 83 68 15 35 74 07 26 07 4 10 78 23 25 24 3 40 82 30 24 34 2 81 86 27 23 39 247 90 16 22 41 1 90 93 97 2141 1 56 9770 20 40 1 27 101 36 19 40 1 04 104 94 18 42 0 84 1014 75 8 15 333 34 APPENDIX ECONOMIC ANALYSIS WITHOUT TIME SAVINGS RESULT 2 PROJECT WIDENING TO FOUR LANE STATE AP NH 4 SECTION KM 0 19 11 09 90 YFAR NO OF VEHICLES 1 ADI PCI ROUGHNESS NO OF VEHICLES ALT 2 ADT PCU ROUGHNESS SPEED OF VEINICLE 1 SPEED OF VEHICLE ALT 2 TIME SAVING IN RUPEE LAKHS TIME VOC TOTAL COST NET BENEFIT E ral CARS BESES TRUCKS TW CARS BLSEFS TRUCKS TW CARS BUSES TRUCKS TW CARS BUSES TRUCKS TW CARS BUSES TRUCKS TW SAVING SAVINGS SAVINGS RSLAKIIS RSLAKIIS ALUE S 990 1135 695 3365 1695 5890 14163 1135 69 lt 3365 1595 6890 14163 1352 1352 13 52 13 52 13 52 199 123 739 k 1563 7494 15376 226 739 3665 1863 7494 15376 6772 6772 61 6 55643 4837 1321 E 1998 2047 SI 16695 132 TRS 3995 2047 BIS 16695 360 36 360 36 297 82 250 25 183 86 991 1426 835 434 S SD RYAN 18125 1426 515 4354 2240 8858 15128 372 52 372 52 279 88 215 58 13 76 001 183 887 4750 2473 9648 19647 1538 487 3750 2473 964 19687 172 52 17252 254 44 17965 Zr 90 LAAL 041 4177 1049 R E 3 1660 941 ll 10498 21351 296 28 296 28 183 97 119 07 5509 196 179 1001 523 295 11381 2314 4000 1791 1003 5623 2965 11381 23150 2000 10 3670 4044
23. D34 amp F34 9 00 GROWTH RATE TW D35 amp F35 9 90 GROWTH RAT E Upto 95 F37 2010 GROWTH RATE CARS D39 amp F39 7 90 GROWTH RATE BUSES D40 amp F40 6 30 GROWTH RATE TRUCKS D41 amp F41 8 60 GROWTH RATE TW D42 amp F42 9 10 CONSTRUCTION MDC COST IN BASE YR F53 2095 CONSTRUCTION MDC COST IN FIRST YR F54 95 10 CONSTRUCTION MDC COST IN SECOND YR F55 460 90 CONSTRUCTION MDC COST IN THIRD YR F56 476 10 CONSTRUCTION MDC COST IN FOURTH YR 57 416 10 CONSTRUCTION MDC COST IN FIFTH YR F58 380 80 COST OF ORDINARY REPAIRS KM YEAR D63 0 15 F63 0 25 contd 22 COST OF PERIODIC RENEWALS KM YEAR D64 0 40 F64 0 80 PERIODIC RENEWAL COMMENCEMENT D65 1990 YEAR F65 2000 DISCOUNT RATE D67 10 D68 20 D69 40 UPDATE FACTORS VOC D97 amp F97 1 59 TIME SAVINGS PASSENGER D98 amp F98 1 59 TIME SAVINGS COMMODITY D99 amp F99 1 59 Press Home key followed by Enter key Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 To save the input file and carry out analysis hold down Alt key and press P Select Save Type PROJECT as file name when computer prompts Enter file name Press Enter key Select Continue to carry out analysis After a wait message Main menu will appear on the screen Viewing the Results Select Screen Screen menu will appear on the control panel Select Input Input data will be displayed on the screen Use arrow keys to browse through the data Hold
24. ash to call menu 17 18 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 F Press F to select File option R Press R to select Retrieve option Enter RIDM as file name and press Enter key An introductory message will appear on the screen with a menu giving option Data File Quit Data option Select Data option to create an input data file In about a minute the input format will be displayed on the screen Type in the input data for both the alternatives After entering the data press Home key followed by Enter key and goto step 6 File option If you already have a data file created earlier for the project to be evaluated Select File option to retrieve the existing input data file The model will ask for the file name Type name of the file in which the input data was saved and press Enter The saved data will appear on the screen and can be edited to modify the input data After viewing editing press Home key followed by Enter key and go to step 6 Quit option To leave the programme without creating input file select quit option DOS prompt C gt will be displayed Hold down Alt key and press to save the input file and to process further A menu with the following structure will appear on the control panel Option Description Save To save data in a new file Resave To overwnte the existing data file No save Do not want to save input data Select appropriate men
25. ation of highway schemes at project level for road investment decision making Its major capabilities and applications are i model is very easy to use and adequately caters to the requirements of highway organisations for analysing alternative proposals to select the best option from a number of alternatives at project level It is fully interactive for specifying input data and retrieval of results in proper report forms The model takes 4 to 5 minutes to load the programme retrieve input data file and analyse a pair of alternatives and generate output reports 1 The model can evaluate alternative strategies such as stage construction or full construction alternative specifications for carriageway width pavement structure ELCH It can be used to rank schemes in order of priority v The model can also analyse the sensitivity of the result to changes in unit prices of resources traffic growth rate and design parameters v Witha slight modification in the programme the Model can also be used to generate vehicle operating cost tables 1 4 Basic Relationships Incorporated into the Model ma Je The model considers the following three cost components which constitute the total transportation cost 1 Construction cost 1 Maintenance cost Road user cost The road user cost is composed of vehicle operating cost VOC travel time cost and accident cost 1 4 2 The construction cost and maintenance cost a
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28. e given above Two Lane Roads 1 Incase of paved and surfaced shoulders of at least 1 5 m width on either side the DSV can be increased by 15 per cent 2 In case of restricted lane width or restricted shoulder width apply the following capacity reduction factors to the values given in Table 2 Capacity Reduction Factors Suggested for Substandard Lane and Shoulder Width on Two lane Roads Usable Shoulder 3 50m 3 25 3 00 width lane lane lane EE 1 00 0 92 0 84 gt 102 0 92 0 85 0 77 gt 0 6 0 81 0 75 0 68 gt 0 0 0 70 0 64 0 58 Usable shoulder width refers to well maintained earth moorum gravel shoulder which can safcly permit occasional passage of vehicles Four Lane Divided Roads 1 2 1 4 9 equation where The values relate to 4 lane divided carriageway roads with no control of access In case well designed paved shoulders of 1 5 metre width are provided the DSV of four lane dual carriageway road can be taken upto 40000 PCUs in plain terrain Traffic projections These are made using the following PT LT 147 100 LT number of vehicles in year n PT number of vehicles in year n 1 annual growth rate in per cent For converting the different types of vehicles to passenger car unit the following equivalency factors are used Car 1 Bus 3 Truck 3 Two wheeler 0 5 1 4 10 1 2 3 1 4 11 Unit cost of resources Unit price of consumables The default valu
29. ed of cars buses Traffic 5 and two wheelers for time saving Speed flow Relationship para 1 4 6 VOC and Speed by vehicle VOC savings amp time saving type Traffic Economic Calculation and for cars buses cost of construction and maintenance results tracks amp total cost Length Value of travel para 1 5 3 net benefits discounted time for passenger amp benefits NPV IRR commodity discount rates Graphs for NPV Discount rates raphics NPV v s Discount rate RG VOC Car year we Roughness v s year VOC Car v s year Fig 1 Structure of RIDM Road width RF Design service vol Year of completion 0 Design period Year 1 Read for Year Roughness PCU day Goto Next phase Speed Utilisation Resource consumption Lubricants Spare Parts Tyres Labour Cost of Resources Consumption Fuel Lubricants Tyrres Spare parts Labour Fixed cost Crew cost Depreciation Resource cost Update factors Compute VOC Two wheelers Adjusi VOC components for congestion PCU gt DSV No Fig 2 Flow chart for calculating VOC the basic relationships and is password protected to ensure that the formulae are not tampered with The programme is invoked by pressing Altand P keys together after defining input data The modelusing the various relationships and input values of variables simulates road condition over
30. es of unit prices of consumables 1984 price level are taken from IRC SP 30 1984 Passenger time value and time value of commodity For converting time in monetary terms the default values for passenger time value and time value of commodity in transit are based on 1984 prices as per IRC SP 30 1984 The values adopted for occupancy of cars two wheelers and buses are Average occupancy of a car 4 8 Average occupancy of a two wheeler 1 5 Average occupancy of a bus 43 Updating of prices The rates adopted as default values in respect of 1 and 2 above are given in Appendix 2 These values are required to be updated to current prices This can be done either by 1 specifying current prices of each resource or ii 1f current prices of consumables are not known the 1984 values can be updated by specifying cost update factors for VOC and time values of passenger and commodity Pavement roughness The model calculates pavement rough ness year wise as follows where PRG IRG If Year End of construction Year LRG4DRG Intermediate years with no REN STG RRG If Year Year of REN STG IRG Initial Roughness in mm km at the end of construction user specified PRG Present Roughness mm km LRG Last year s Roughness in mm km RRG Roughness after Renewal Strengthening in mm km user specified DRG Rate of increase of Roughness mm km per year user specified ES Structure of the Model The RIDM is structured in
31. ess mm km Specify Roughness at end of construction year Increase in Roughness Yr mm km OVL STG year Year of overlay strengthening Contd 13 Roughness after OVL STG mm km Base year traffic Veh day For 4 vehicle types cars buses trucks 2 wheelers Design Service Volume PCU day Built in help gives recommended DSV values Traffic Growth Rate Per cent Max 3 growth rates for each type of vehicle Construction Cost with Rs lakh Add cost of maintenance during phasing construction MDC Overlay Cost Rs lakh Annual Maintenance Cost km 1 ORD repairs Rs lakh km Specify cost of ordinary repairs per km per year 1 PRD renewal Rs lakh km Specify cost of periodic renewal per km per year based on renewal cycle Economic Cost Factor Default value 0 80 Discount Rate per cent Max 3 rates Economic Cost of Resources Rs unit Default values of ECR are at 1984 prices ECR Value of Travel Time VTT Default value of VTT are at 1984 prices VOC Update Factor Multiplier to update 1984 prices of ECR to base year prices Time Value Update Factor Multiplier to update 1984 prices 1 Passenger of VTT to base year prices 11 Commodity There is no limitation as to the length of the road section also referred to as link to be evaluated in each run provided it carries uniform traffic and has uniform design standards geometrics pavement structure maintenance etc throughout its length In case the road section to be evaluated does not have u
32. ltiplied by the unit prices of the consumables as specified by the user to give VOC For two wheelers VOC is taken as 20 per cent of VOC of cars 1 4 5 Congestion effect When traffic volume exceeds the design service volume para 1 4 8 the vehicles are subjected to congestion effect resulting in higher VOC as compared to steady state conditions To account for this the following congestion factors are used in the model VEHICLE FACTOR Cars 1 64 Buses 1 25 Trucks 1 31 In case of congestion the calculated values of the components for fuel tyre lubricants spare parts and maintenance labour are increased by multiplying these values with the above factors 1 4 6 Speed volume relationships The Model calculates speeds of the vehicles for quantifying travel time savings using speed flow equations for cars buses trucks and two wheclers for operation on single lane intermediate lane two lane and four lane wide paved roads in plain rolling and hilly terrain The speed flow equations are given in Table 1 If the calculated speed for any category of vehicle is less than 10 km hr a minimum cutoff value of 10 km hr is assigned for determining the travel time savings TABLE 1 SPEED FLOW EQUATIONS Road Type Plain terrain Rolling terrain Hilly terrain Vc 49 98 0 041Q 47 48 0 0390 41 48 0 0340 Single lane Vt 42 45 0 0240 Vt 40 33 0 0230 32 69 0 0180 Vb 46 92 0 0320 Vb 43 63 0 0300
33. n provided with the option Yes No DOS prompt C will appear on the screen S SAMPLE RUN 5 1 Project It is proposed to widen the existing two lane section from Km 0 to 19 of NH 4 in Andhra Pradesh to four lane divided carriageway Carry out economic analysis of the project The data for the existing road and for the proposed improvement are given below Description Existing Road Four Lane Proposal Road Width 7 00 m 14 00 m Length 19 km 19 km Base Year 1990 1990 Year of Completion 1995 Design Period 15 years Rise Fall 5 m km 5 m km Roughness 4000 mm km 2000 mm km Rate of increase of RG Year 200 mm km 67 mm km Design Service Volume 15 000 PCU day 35 000 PCU day Traffic Vehicle Number day Growth rate upto Growth rate Both ways 1995 beyond 1995 Cars 1135 7 9 1 9 Buses 695 6 3 6 3 Trucks 3365 9 0 8 6 Two wheelers 1695 9 9 9 1 20 Phasing of Construction Cost Rs Lakh Year Construction Cost 1990 27 00 1991 95 10 1992 460 90 1993 476 10 1994 476 10 1995 380 80 includes cost of maintenance during construction Annual Maintenance Cost Existing Road Four Lane Proposal Rs lakh km Rs lakh km Cost of Ordinary Repairs 0 15 0 25 Cost of Periodic Renewals 0 40 0 80 Periodic Repair Commencement Year 1990 2000 Discount rate 1 10 Discount rate 2 20 Discount rate 3 40 Update Factors VOC 1 59 Time saving Passenger 1 59 Time saving Commodity 1 59 Output reports required are View on
34. nce IRR 80 IRR with and without time savings Result 1 315 Yearwise traffic roughness Without time vehicle operating costs for cars savings buses trucks 2 wheelers VOC savings cost net benefits NPV Result 2 335 Yearwise traffic roughness With time speeds of cars buses trucks savings and 2 wheelers time savings VOC savings cost net benefits NPV IRR Graphs NPV v s Discount rate Roughness v s Year VOC v s Year for cars only The printer should be set to condensed mode for printing Result 1 and Result 2 reports 3 320 Output Reports Retrieval This part of the programme is also fully menu driven which permits the user to see results print results or save results in a file by selecting the desired option As soon as the computations are completed main menu appears on the control panel with the description of the task to be performed appearing in the second line of the menu It asks the user to select whether he wants reports on screen or printer or wants to save results in a file On making the choice the Level 2 menu appears which permits displaying printing or saving of the desired report The Screen menu and the File menu also offer the option for displaying and saving graphs With the selection of Graph option Level 3 menu appears which permits viewing saving of the desired graph menu structure is described below Level1 Main menu Screen Printer File Quit Level 2 Level
35. niform design standards and uniform traffic throughout its length it should be divided into uniform sub sections and separate runs made to evaluate sub sections 32 Data Input Facility 321 The data input facility is fully menu driven On loading the programme the data input menu is displayed offering the following three options DATA FILE QUIT The Data option facilitates creation of a new input data file to run the programme Data option selection will display an input format listing input data variables against which values are entered by the user for both the alternatives Para 3 2 2 describes the method to enter edit the data After entering the data in 14 the input format it is saved under a name following the steps given in para 4 1 The File Option facilitates retrieval of an existing input data file to run the programme If there is a data file created earlier using the Data option and it is required to run the programme for that data as it is or with some modifications there is no need to enter the data again This file could be retrieved by selecting File option and edited if required as per para 3 2 2 resaved to run the programme following the steps described in para 4 1 Quit option terminates the programme and the DOS prompt C will appcar on the screen 3229 Entering Editing Input data i To enter the data move the cursor to the appropriate cell using the arrow keys and
36. nu Press F to select File option D Press D to select Directory Option Type B to select B as current drive Press Enter key Insert RIDM floppy in drive B and retrieve the RIDM WK1 file following the step 4 of para 4 1 above introductory message will appear on the screen with a menu giving options Data File Quit Data option Select Data option to create an input data file and follow the procedure explained under Data option in step 5 of para 4 1 File option If you have a data file created earlier in the disk placed in drive B and want to run the programme for that data as it is or with some modifications you need not enter data again The input file can be retrieved edited as per the procedure explained under File option in step 5 of Para 4 1 19 Quit option Refer to step 5 of para 4 1 Step 7 Referto step 6 of para 4 1 and follow the procedure explained therein Step 8 Referto step 7 of para 4 1 Step 9 After the analysis is completed Main menu will appear at the control panel through which desired reports can be displayed printed or saved following the steps for retrieving the reports as described in para 3 3 2 For saving the output reports after selecting File menu remove the RIDM disk and insert in drive B a blank formatted disk on which output reports will be saved Step10 To leave the RIDM select quit at each level menu Confirm by pressing whe
37. pertaining to widening strengthening construction of bypasses etc 121 2 This publication is a user Manual for RIDM and describes the procedure for running the model based on the floppy disk which is enclosed with the Manual The Computerisation Committee of the Indian Roads Congress personnel given below in their meeting held at New Delhi on the 6th February 1990 discussed the Package on Economic Analysis developed by the Ministry of Surface Transport and set up a working group comprising Dr L R Kadiyali S Shri J B Mathur and M K Saxena to finalise the same The draft as finalisedby the Group was placed before the Highways Specifications amp Standards Committee in their meeting held on the 30th October 1990 In light of the comments offered by the Members of Highways Specifications amp Standards Committee during the meeting the draft was further modified by S Shri S C Shar ma M K Bhalla and J B Mathur K K Sarin Convenor M K Saxena Member Secretary Members Dr B P Bagish Prof C S Surana P L Bongirwar Dr M G Tamhankar S S Chakraborty Dr Thiruvengadam Dr M P Dhir Rep of National Informatics Dr S S Jain Centre N Tirkey Dr L R Kadiyali Rep of Gammon India Ltd Dr B R Marwah S V Chaukulkar J B Mathur Rep of Tata Consulting Services 1 1 4 The modified draft was subsequently considered and approved by the Executive Committee in their meeting held on thel8th November
38. re specified by the user directly whereas the vehicle operating cost and travel time cost are calculated by the model endogeneously using the VOC equations and Speed flow relationships 1 4 3 The construction cost and maintenance cost of the facility are specified by the user in financial terms The financial costs are converted into economic costs using the following relationship ECONOMIC COST ECF FINANCIAL COST where Economic cost conversion factor A default value of 0 8 has been adopted for ECF The user can specify a different value for ECF while feeding input data 1 4 4 Vehicle Operating Cost The vehicle operating cost relation ship for cars buses and trucks formulated on the basis of the Road User Cost Study and used for preparing VOC Tables in IRC SP 30 1984 have been built into the model The fuel consumption equations have been slightly modified to consider 3 the effect ofroad profile in terms of combined rise and fall absolute values instead of specifying rise and fall separately The modified fuel consumption equations incorporated in the model are given in Appendix 1 The modification does not introduce any variation in fuel consumption values fixed value of 0 02 Rs Km at 1984 prices is taken as lubricant cost for operation of a car in all conditions The model using the VOC equations predicts physical quantities of the resources consumed by cars buses amp trucks These quntities are then mu
39. reduced with the core module kept in the password protected file 2 PROGRAMME INSTALLATION The RIDM is supplied on a DSDD 5 25 in floppy The hardware and software requirements and the procedure to install the programme are described below opi System Requirement 2 1 1 Hardware i An IBM compatible PC or PC XT PC AT system with a minimum installed memory of 640 KB Colour or mono chrome monitor 111 132 column printer 11 2 1 2 Software MS DOS version 2 0 or higher Lotus 1 2 3 Release 2 0 2 Programme Installation on Hard Disk Lotus 1 2 3 is required for running the RIDM Make sure that Lotus 1 2 3 is installed on the hard disk If it is not installed refer to the Lotus manual for installing the Lotus 1 2 3 It is advisable to install Lotus 1 2 3 in a separate directory A basic knowledge of DOS is required to install the Lotus programme 2 2 1 Follow the steps given below to install the RIDM 1 Switch on the computer Change to the directory where the lotus files are stored If these are stored in a directory called LOTUS change ta the directory by typing the following command at the DOS prompt C followed by Enter C gt CD LOTUS ii Copy the programme in the directory LOTUS Place the RIDM disk in drive A and type the following command for copying the programme to hard disk gt A WKI 111 List the files in the LOTUS directory using the following command and make sure that RIDM WK
40. rt Roads Wing Senior Bitumen Manager Indian Oil Corporation Ltd Bombay 259 Mandakini Enclave New Delhi Scientist SD Ministry of Environment amp Forest 17 18 19 20 2 22 23 24 25 26 21 28 29 30 3T 32 V P Kamdar M K Khan Ninan Koshi Lauria S P Majumdar N V Merani T K Natarajan G S Palnitkar M M Patnaik Y R G P Ralegaonkar G Raman A Sankaran Dr A C Sarna R K Saxena N Sen Secretary to Govt of Gujarat Roads amp Buildings Department Engineer in Chief B amp R Andhra Pradesh Addl Director General Bridges Ministry of Surface Transport Roads Wing Chairman cum Managing Director Rajasthan State Bridge Consin Corpn Ltd Director R amp B Research Institute West Bengal Principal Secretary to the Govt of Maharashtra PWD Director Retd CRRI Engineer in Chief MP PWD Engineer in Chief cum Secretary to the Govt of Orissa Deputy Director CRRI Director amp Chief Engineer Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute Director Civil Engineering Bureau of Indian Standards Block No 1 7 2 51 Shangirla Colony 22nd Cross Besant Nagar Madras General Manager T amp T RITES Chief Engineer Roads Ministry of Surface Transport Roads Wing Chief Engineer Retd 12 A Chitranjan Park New Delhi 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41. the screen all the output reports generat d and print the following reports i A print out of the Input data ii Detailed report including VOC tables giving IRR without time savings Detailed report including speeds of vehicles giving IRR with time savings iv Print out of Graphs for NPV v s Discount rate Roughness v s year VOC Car v s year 5207 Running the Programme Assuming that the RIDM is installed on PC XT 21 Step 1 Follow step 1 to step 4 of para 4 1 to retneve RIDM file Step 2 Select Data option to create input data file Step 3 Move the cursor to the appropriate cell using the arrow keys and enter the data of existing road under 1 and of the proposed improvement under 2 Make the following entries Description Celi Enter PROJECT B3 Widening to four lanes STATE B4 NH D4 04 SECTION F4 KM 0 19 ROAD WIDTH D8 7 00 F8 14 00 LENGTH D9 19 00 F9 19 00 BASE YEAR D10 1990 YEAR OF COMPLETION F11 1995 DESIGN PERIOD YEARS F12 15 RISE amp FALL M KM D13 5 00 F13 5 00 INITIAL ROUGHNESS MM KM D14 4000 F14 2000 INCREASE IN RG YEAR D15 200 F15 67 CARS DAY IN BASE YEAR D24 amp F24 1135 BUSES DAY IN BASE YEAR D25 amp F25 695 TRUCKS DAY IN BASE YEAR D26 amp F26 3365 TWO WHEELERS DA Y IN BASE YEAR D27 amp F27 1695 DESIGN SERVICE VOLUME D28 15000 F28 35000 9 GROWTH RATE UPTO F30 1995 GROWTH RATE CARS D32 amp F32 7 90 GROWTH RATE BUSES D33 amp F33 6 30 GROWTH RATE TRUCKS
42. three parts i Input ii Modelling amp Simula tion and 111 Results The data input module is arranged in cells A1 G100 This is designed to create the input data file to run the analysis programme The module is fully interactive and presents a formatted screen giving a list of variables for which values are to be specified by the user to describe road characteristics terrain traffic volume construction and maintenance costs etc for the alternatives to be evaluated The variables and their limits are described in Section 3 19 2 The second part of the model which forms the core module Figs 1 amp 2 is stored in a file named ECOCAL WKT This file contains all INPUT MODEL OUTPUT Initial roughness Deterioration rate Roughness after Strengthening Road Deterioration para 1 4 11 _ Year wise roughness Traffic in base year traffic growth rate Year wise traffic in terms of cars buses trucks ADT PCU Traffic projection para 1 4 9 Year wise economic cost Phasing of Construction cost Maintenance Cost Cost of strengthening Financial Costs Economic cost conversion factor Project cost para 1 4 3 Road width RF RG Traffic design service volume Resources cost Update factors Vehicle operating cost para 1 4 4 amp Fig 2 Year wise VOC by vehicle type including the effect of congestion if any Road width Terrain RF Spe
43. tified as Costs and VOC savings and time savings as Benefits For the pair of alternatives to be compared the model computes year by year the costs benefits of one alternative over the other From the time stream of net costs benefits the model then calculates net present values for three different discount rates defined by the user and also computes the internal rate of return results are tabulated 10 and three graphs generated 1 NPV v s Discount Rate ii Roughness v s Year and iii VOC v s Year The reports can be displayed printed or saved in a file through menu selection The graphs can also be displayed saved and printed The output reports are described in Section 3 1 6 Limitations of the Programme The major limitations of the model are 1 Only one pair of alternatives be compared in each run It is suitable for analysis at project level only Besides a road section having sub sections of different design standards traffic volume cannot be evaluated as a single link alternative Inthe absence of pavement deterioration models for Indian conditions the model makes use of the deterioration rates specified by the user iv Only four types of vehicles are considered cars buses trucks and two wheelers v Compilation of the programme is not possible and as such there remains the risk of effecting unauthorised modification in the programme though this risk is considerably
44. time and calculates vehicle operating and travel time costs for the two aliernatives in the following sequence i Calculates roughness yearwise on the basis of the pavement deterioration rate and maintenance strategy specified by the user ii Based on the initial traffic and growth rates makes traffic projections by vehicle type and calculates average daily traffic and PCU day for each year over the design period ui Calculates economic costs of construction and maintenance based on the financial costs given by ihe user iv Using VOC relationships determines physical quantities of resources consumption for cars buses and trucks for each year of the design period and then calculates VOC on the basis of unit prices of the consumables v Compares the projected traffic PCU day with the design service volume and if the traffic volume exceeds the design service volume the VOCs are adjusted to account for congestion effect vi Selects appropriate speed volume relationships and determines speed of cars buses trucks and two wheelers minimum speed of 10 km hr is assigned if the calculated speed is less than 10 km hr 1 555 Results The reporting module is also stored in the file ECOCAL WKT is fully menu driven for retrieving the output reports In this phase relative costs benefits net present value and internal rate of return are computed and reports generated Construction and Maintenance costs are iden
45. u On selecting Save Resave the model will ask for a file name to save resave the input data a new existing file name maximum 8 characters without any extension Extension WKI will be automatically provided Press Enter key No save If it is not required to save the data select save option It will skip the step of saving and go to the next step Next menu providing option Continue Stop will appear Select Continue option to carry out analysis A wait message will remain on the screen till the analysis is completed Select Stop option to leave the programme without carrying out analysis 8 Step 9 497 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 After the analysis is completed Main menu will appear at the control panel through which desired reports can be displayed printed or saved following the steps for retrieving the reports as described para 3 3 2 To leave the RIDM select Quit at each level menu Confirm by pressing when you are provided with the option Yes No DOS prompt C will appear on the screen Running RIDM on PC Switch on the computer Boot the system using DOS disk in drive A Insert Lotus 1 2 3 floppy in drive and load the lotus 1 2 3 programme with the following command A 123 Change the default directory to B using the following keys inthe given sequence Key Explanation Press slash to call Me
46. uly taking into account various factors such as pavement width shoulder width type of terrain curvature etc To assist the user to select the design service volume a built in help facility has been provided in the model The help facility displays the recommended design service volumes as per the IRC Guidelines for Capacity of Roads in Rural Areas Table 2 The help facility can be invoked by pressing the following keys in the given sequence Press key Press Enter key Press Alt and keys together To revert to data input format press Alt and I keys together TABLE 2 RECOMMENDED DESIGN SERVICE VOLUMES DSV IN PCU DAY Terrain Plain Rolling Hill Curvature low high low high Low high Width Single Lane 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1400 Inter Lane 6000 5800 5700 5600 5200 4500 Two Lane 15000 12500 11000 10000 _ 7000 5000 Four Lane 35000 25000 16000 Plain Rolling Hilly low curvature degrees per km 50 lt 100 lt 200 high curvature degrees per km gt 50 gt 100 gt 200 Terrain Rise Fall metre per km 0 15 15 30 30 50 Notes Single Lane Roads 1 Above values are applicable for paved carriageways with good quality shoulder of minimum 1 m width on either side When the pavement is not black topped the DSV may be lowered by 20 to 30 per cent 2 Incase of low quality shoulders earthen shoulders of plastic soil DSV should be taken as 50 per cent of the valu
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