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A User`s Guide to EnergyPLAN

1. as a te gae Cete e na Ctghdtehdt Adela delaea ca cal 2 8313 4595195531535 ores ae aes TOA oe ORO ORE ON OA cee ares a E Tom S NA ee ORT ORD Atel CRE aoe PORE kee Ome ose 2227 _ oreo rom os omo nace ai ame zew acea sao aosa saos focos 2 we feco Loo foso acco foso acco foso neces omo zes Jooo emr io a ALLA d au PR RL bk kL j i g iii aa Double Click to Open if Using MS Word Version sete Figure 3 Irish Energy Balance for 2007 The Energy Balance document proved to be the most useful source of information for my investigation However it is important to check the accuracy of the data in this document as the figures can sometimes be based on estimates Secondly meteorological data also proved very important when predicting renewable energy production Meteorological data can usually be obtained from a national meteorological association However another option is to use a program called Meteonorm 11 This program has gathered data from a number of meteorological stations around the world which can be accessed using a very intuitive user interface However the program is not free so you will need to decide how important meteorological data will be before fe ae Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENEE purchasing it It is also important that even if you use this program tha
2. 0 000 0000 0 000 000 000 0 000 0000 0000 0000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 Ireland s Provisional Energy Balance 2007 TWh Ga soil Diesel DERV ojo ko Ezd PABER Lubricants i o gt 5 N gees 6 000 1540 5355 13 476 Sane EEE 20 263 0 093 0 000 0 000 0 000 4 233 0 003 fame anon oono oao aaoo faze onon am CALALALAL oo 0 000 0000 0000 0 0 000 20 263 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 9 000 0 000 1 085 6 108 2 459 0 oo 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 co 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 e000 aoon foao onoo To 000 0000 0000 0 000 T 0000 T 0 00 000 0 000 0 000 L 0 000 000 SiS oje S S ojo n So o 0 000 Coe ACAENA AECE AA 0 000 0 000 22 325 10 620 12 134 4295 1 853 45 168 3637 0 012 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 015 0 000 0 060 0 001 0416 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000_ 0 000 0 000 0 188 0 000 0 731 0 051 0488 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 eo agno f aoon paom om 0 018 0 000 0 070 0 000 0 058 00 LE t onor tooo ooe tonr onar tantooo tonat ootan 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 023 0 000 0 090 0 011 0 074 0 000 0 012 0 000 0 000 0 000 EE 0 000 a 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 13 798 0 000 C 0 000 CACI Fanos 000 2121 0000 f 0000 f 0000 noo 5243 o000 0000 fonoa O00
3. CEEP load 2G6 transH2 transH2 HH elec HH elec HH elec HH H2 HH H2 HH H2 torage electr storage CHP HP EB Electr storage price pmpor t export 0 00 0 00 0 0 00 0 00 0 00 Oo Oo Oo oOo m m m m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 79 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 63 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 137 Lay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 176 176 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 81 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1506 1506 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 kd Figure 21 Stab Load results displayed in EnergyPLAN In section 8 3 of the EnergyPLAN user manual it states that the percentage of electricity production from grid stabilising units GridStab is found from GridStab 100 4 Stab Where estaa is the total electricity production from grid stabilising units and doa is the minimum grid stabilisation production share that was specified in EnergyPLA
4. ElectricityDemand DistrictHeating RenewableEnergy Storage Cooling Individual Industry Transport waste Heat supply and distributed generation from households Distribution of heat demand Change Hour_distr heat txt Distribution of solar thermal Change Hour_solarl_prod txt TWh year Fuel Consumption Efficiency Heat Efficiency Capacity Electricity Heat Solar Thermal Input Output Thermal Demand Electric Limit Production Storage Share Input Output Coal boiler fo 0 00 fo 7 0 00 fo fi fo 0 00 Dil boiler fo 0 00 jo g 0 00 fo fi fo 0 00 Ngas boiler fo 0 00 jog 0 00 fo fi fo 0 00 Biomas boiler fo 0 00 0 7 0 00 fo fi fo 0 00 H2 micro CHP 0 00 fo 5 fo 0 3 fi 0 00 fo fi fo 0 00 Ngas micro CHF 0 00 fo 5 fo 0 3 fi 0 00 fo fi fo 0 00 Biomas CHF 0 00 jo 5 jo 0 3 fi 0 00 fo fi fo 0 00 Heat Pump fo 3 fi 0 00 fo fi fo 0 00 Electric heating jo 0 00 fo fi fo 0 00 Total 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 The capacity of the heat storage is given in days of average heat demand The capcity limit of the CHP and HP is given in share between 0 and 1 of maximum heat demand Share of heat consumers with solar thermal j BIVR Heat Distribution It was very difficult to predict the annual heat distribution for the entire population of Ireland In order to estimate it used Degree Day data from Met Eireann the Irish meteorological service 23 There are Heating Degree Days HDD and Cooling Degree Days C
5. A User s Guide to EnergyPLAN David Connolly University of Limerick david connolly ul ie www cpi ul ie 13 April 2010 Version 3 I would like to thank Prof Henrik Lund and Assistant Prof Brian Vad Mathiesen for all their help during my time at Aalborg University 6 UN ee L a T di O pe Enum Pp Print Double Sided A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENER Table of Contents Section Title Page Table OT CORTEING cesisavcaivonssnecasseecenpveacancaenvedanaeaeisinaaenasdsiveraisnenesacecanawasdnmedense pis euceanascamesuuruaaiseeusaamesuaiedoeenedenaens 1 1 TOETO oraraa EE on seneuewereeaheavsseaysaupvevenanconcesecsaseseetesaceuees 2 2 Why Enere yPLAN csrsrereisiernir n EE TE EEE E E E 3 3 Collecting the Required Data sesesesesesessssssssessssssesssesseesssesseesesesseeseeesssesesesssesesesesesseesee 4 3 1 Data for a Reference Model with a Technical Optimisation cccccesssccecesssseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 5 3 1 1 O T eaa E A A A E E E E A 6 3 2 Data for Future Alternatives with a Technical Optimisation cccccccccssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 21 3 2 1 PRO OVO IE araar A ace se eduamstaaaetengans cecakanesanqeetenbouieeaiaeceseeatameneatacoedaeatad 21 3 2 2 TVG e A E E E snes dua te one donua E E E E 21 3 2 3 W Ne PON a E E E E E E E E E NS 22 3 2 4 PrE AOU O Eare E AE A E EOE EA 24 3 3 Date TOR COGUS oiera A A 25 3 3 1 POETA ea A A EE E E 25 3 3 2 Opera ON We a E E ter e
6. Areas of Difficulty CO Nippon A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 4 2 District Heating Groups After learning about the operation of the thermal storage energy system the next question that comes to mind is in relation to the CHP inputs under the Input gt DistrictHeating tab Under this tab there are three district heating DH categories 1 DH without CHP These are systems that use boilers waste heat or some other form of heat supply but do not use CHP It is necessary to have this group in order to specify the heat capacity that is not going to be met by CHP plants 2 DH with small CHP plants This category needs to be specified as they cannot operate without a heat load 3 DH with large CHP plants This category specifies the amount of centralised CHP capacity The primary difference between these and group 2 is the fact that these plants do not need to create heat during the production of electricity They can remove the heat from their system using water usually from a river or the sea 4 3 Technical Optimisation vs Market Optimisation There are two kinds of studies that can be carried out in EnergyPLAN 1 Technical Optimisation tries to minimise fossil fuel consumption and can be carried out without any cost inputs 2 Market Optimisation tries to minimise the operation costs of the system The technical optimisation is based on the technical abilities of the components within the energy system The difference between
7. Gasoil Diesel Petrol JP Ngas Bionas Waste 6298 Million EUR 144 Million EUR 528 Million EUR 2705 Million EUR 1912 Million EUR 919 Million EUR 89 Million EUR 0 Million EUR iunuw io wo T O i E Maginal operation costs 23 Million EUR Total Electricity exchange 64 Million EUR 1 be mrm 4 1 j Figure 25 Sample of the WARNING for excess electricity production on the results screen of EnergyPLAN E Common Error Screens University of Limerick Input Electricity demand TWhiyear Fixed demand 24 45 Electric heating 4 03 Electric cooling 0 00 District heating TWh year District heating demand Solar Thermal Industrial CHP CSHP Demand after solar and CSHP Wind Offshore Wind River Hydro Photo Voltaic Hydro Power Geothermal 6986 MW 25 MW 216 MW 0 MW 0M MAA Output WARNING January February March April May June July August September October November December Average Maximum Minimum oo oooo0o 0 00 00000 ooo o0o0oo0 co 0 coo cf ooo o0oc cc ccc Cc CoC of o Total for the whole year TWh year 0 00 000 0 00 000 483 0 00 000 0 00 O00 4 83 24 45 ireland_REF RH Flexible demand 0 00 Fixed imp exp Transporation Total OoOooo oo ooo oo O00 00 1 31 0 00 27 17 TWhiyear TWhiyear TWhiyear HP ooo oo oo oO 9oO 0 0 0000 ELT Boiler MW MW MW DHP CHP2 CHP3 Boiler2 Boiler3 PP FUEL BALANCE TWh year Co
8. Il is meant to represent DH systems based on small CHP plants Demand fi j TWh year Solar thermal fo o p D Capacities Efficiencies M W e MJ s elec Therm COP Heat storage gr 2 CHP foo na os jos ho Gwh Heat Pump fo 3 Fixed Boiler share Boiler 5000 jas fo Per cent Group Ill District heating ar Ill is meant to represent DH systems based on large CHP extraction plants Demand 10 TWh year Solar thermal jo io jo i 0 00 TAN Distribution of fuel Coal Dil Nagas Biomass ee an elec Se cop Heat storage gr 3 TWhiyear Vatiable _Variable _Veriable _ Variable CHP fiso ue os jos ho Gwh DHP fo fo fo jo Heat Pump 100 ae 3 Fixed Boiler share cHpe2 f fo fo fo Boiler 5000 fos fo Per cent CHP3 fo fo fo fo Condensing s000 jos Boiler2 fo fo fo fo PP2 co oss Boies f fo fo fo CHP extraction plants are modelled as a combination of CHP counterpresure and condensing plants PP fo fo fo fo Loe ae anlar thermal Pre s z For my initial energy model did not have to include any district heating or CHP as there are currently no large scale installations in Ireland However for the condensing power plant data got a list of the power plants currently in operation in Ireland from the TSO 8 Using the energy balance document I could calculate the efficiency of all the condensing plant Nconp using the total fuel input Fw Wh and total electricity generated Elector Wh Ele ie 7 ae 1 COND A It was difficult to obtain the
9. had to decide what exactly wanted to do After some deliberation decided that the model for my investigation must be able To identify how Ireland could integrate the most renewable energy into its energy system This statement although broad at first did limit my selection of energy tool quite substantially An overview of all the energy tools considered as well as many others can be found in 2 and therefore these will not be discussed in detail here Instead the reasons that chose EnergyPLAN are discussed There were a number of reasons that chose EnergyPLAN for my study 1 It was simple to use and hence the training period would be short Also in relation to this point there is online training available from the EnergyPLAN website so it is easy to experience a typical application of the software 1 The EnergyPLAN software is free to download 1 3 EnergyPLAN considers the three primary sectors of any national energy system electricity heat and transport 4 EnergyPLAN was used to simulate a 100 renewable energy system for Denmark 3 5 Prof Henrik Lund is actively publishing his results using EnergyPLAN within academic journals A number of energy model developers publish their results in private reports for those who fund their investigations However in order to obtain my PhD qualification needed to publish my work in academic journals Therefore it was fortunate and important that EnergyPLAN was being u
10. www sei ie 2009 International Energy Agency Energy Balances of OECD Countries Available at International Energy Agency http www iea org Textbase publications free new Desc asp PUBS ID 2033 2008 International Energy Agency Energy Balances of Non OECD Countries Available at International Energy Agency http www iea org Textbase publications free new Desc asp PUBS ID 1078 2008 Meteotest METEONORM Available at Meteotest http www meteonorm com pages en meteonorm php 2009 UCTE We are UCTE Available at eel a www ucte org aboutus 2009 UCTE Data Portal Available at UCTE h www ucte org resources dataportal 2009 Howley M O Gallachdir B Dennehy E aa in Ireland 1990 2007 Available at Sustainable Energy Lund H ee University ee Advanced Energy Systems Analysis Computer Model Available at Aalborg University http energy plan aau dk manual php 2008 Sustainable Energy Ireland Wind Speed Mapping Available at Sustainable Energy Ireland http esb2 net weblink ie SEI MapPage asp 2003 Marine Institute Irish Marine Weather Buoy Network Available at Marine Institute http www marine ie home publicationsdata data buoys 2009 Vestas V90 3 0 MW Available at Vestas http www vestas com en wind power solutions wind turbines 3 0 mw aspx 2007 Hannevig D Oriel Windfarm Limited Grid Connection Presentation Available at EirGrid http www eirgrid com media 7 20O0ffshore 20Wind 20 20Dan 2
11. 0 061 0 000 0 027 0 000 0 000 0 006 Fa000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 IX ick Append Imer ity of L ivers Un MEWN A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 References Lund H EnergyPLAN Advanced Energy System Analysis Computer Model http energy plan aau dk 2009 Connolly D Lund H Mathiesen BV Leahy M A review of computer tools for analysing the integration of renewable energy into various energy systems Applied Energy 2009 Article in Review The Danish Society of Engineers The Danish Society of Engineers Energy Plan 2030 Available at The Danish Society of Engineers http ida dk sites climate introduction Documents Energyplan2030 pdf 2006 Lund H Mathiesen BV Energy system analysis of 100 renewable energy systems The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050 Energy 2009 34 5 524 531 Blarke MB Lund H The effectiveness of storage and relocation options in renewable energy systems Renewable Energy 2008 33 7 1499 1507 Lund H Large scale integration of optimal combinations of PV wind and wave power into the electricity supply Renewable Energy 2006 31 4 503 515 Lund H Large scale integration of wind power into different energy systems Energy 2005 30 13 2402 2412 SEI Sustainable Energy Ireland http
12. 96 96 83 7e 72 65 60 83 47 42 37 33 93 83 59 93 83 83 74 66 i 2 zad E Significant wave height Hs oe a ee o a b Figure 12 Pelamis wave generator a and power matrix output in kW b Wave Period Tz S 6 5 7 0 7 5 8 5 9 0 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 925 953 958 962 941 919 870 820 742 663 1433 1491 1509 1527 1502 1477 1404 1332 1209 1086 1941 1939 1844 1677 1509 Significant Wave Height m Figure 13 Wave Dragon Power Matrix optimised for high average wave conditions output in kW 35 Wave Period Tpow s 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 13 0 13 5 140 145 150 155 160 165 17 0 Significant Wave Height Hsig m Figure 14 Archimedes Wave Swing Power Matrix unrestricted output in kW 35 When multiple power matrices are available the suitability of the device for a particular site can be evaluated by completing a scatter diagram The wave height and wave period recorded at the site in question should be plotted against one another as illustrated in Figure 15 If the power matrix and recorded data from the site in question overlap each other significantly on the scatter diagram then the wave energy generator being investigated is a good choice for that particular location As seen in Figure 15 the Pelamis is a very good match for the sample site analysed University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data 230 NE
13. Energy Ireland Energy in the Residential Sector Available at Sustainable Energy Ireland http www sei ie Publications Statistics Publications EPSSU Publications 2008 28 Department of Communications Marine and Natural Resources Bioenergy Action Plan for Ireland Available at Department of Communications Marine and Natural Resources http www dcenr gov ie NR rdonlyres 6D4AFO7E 874D 4DB5 A2C5 63E10F9753EB 27345 BioenergyActionPlan pdf 2006 29 Sustainable Energy Ireland Energy Balance 2007 Available at Sustainable Energy Ireland http www sel ie Publications Statistics Publications 2007 Energy Balance 2008 30 PlanEnergi The Danish Society of Engineers Energy Plan 2030 Solar Distribution Available at PlanEnergi http www planenergi dk 2006 31 Central Statistics Office Ireland Census 2006 Housing Available at Central Statistics Office Ireland http www cso ie census 2007 32 Sustainable Energy Ireland Tidal and Current Energy Resources in Ireland Available at Sustainable Energy Ireland http www sei ie Publications Renewables Publications 2004 33 Electricity Supply Board ESB International All lsland Grid Study Renewable Energy Resource Assessment Workstream 1 Available at Electricity Supply Board ESB International http www dcenr gov ie Energy North South Co operationt in the Energy Sector All lsland Electricity Grid Study htm 2008 34 Whittaker T Fraenkel PL Bell A Lug
14. PublicThermal Power Plants Combined Heat and Power Plants Pumped Storage Consumption Briquetting Plants Oil Refineries amp other energy sector Transformation Output PublicThermal Power Plants Combined Heat and Power Plants Electricity Combined Heat and Power Plants Heat Pumped Storage Generation Briquetting Plants Oil Refineries Exchanges and transfers Electrici Heat Other Own Use and Distribution Losses Available Final Energy Consumption Non Energy Consumption Final non Energy Consumption Feedstocks Total Final Energy Consumption Non Energy Mining Food beverages and tobacco Textiles and textile products Wood and wood products Pulp paper publishing and printing Chemicals amp man made fibres Rubber and plastic products Other non metallic mineral products Basic metals and fabricated metal products Machinery and equipment n e c Electrical and optical equipment Transport equipment manufacture Other manufacturing Road Freight Road Private Car Public Passenger Services Rail Domestic Aviation International Aviation Fuel Tourism Unspecified Commercial Services Public Services tatistical Difference Industry sub sectoral breakdown is based on the CIP 2004 Last Updated 24 Sep 2008 Key 8 bed ad ba Et e S S 8 S Bituminous Coal sjy o e Anthracite a 4 Manufactured 79 Slovoids ojo 2 2 Lignite oo a3 0 3 0 000 0 3 0 13 071
15. Taxes on electricity for energy conversion Industry fo fo fo fo fo Boilers at CHP and DH plants fo fo fo fo D DKK M Wh m systems j houses CHP units fo fo fo fo fo Electric heating fo Heat Pumps fo fo Compressed Air Energy Storage CAES Electrolysers fo fo CO2 content in th fuels fo fo fo fo ka Gu Ete icons fo fo CO2 Price eluded in tmargnal productionpiceg 10 DKK t C02 ump storage Fuel price alternative Basic 3 3 1 1 Fuel and CO Costs The purchasing costs for each fuel were obtained for the year 2007 2010 2015 and 2020 which were recommended by the International Energy Agency 38 and the Danish Energy Authority 39 and are displayed in Table 4 Also if required the current market price for different fuels can be obtained from the links below e Crude Oil http www oil price net e Coal http www eia doe gov cneaf coal page coalnews coalmar html e Natural Gas http www bloomberg com markets commodities energyprices html University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data C Neeley A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN Table 4 Fuel prices used for 2007 2010 2015 and 2020 38 39 G J Crude Oil Crude Oil Fuel Gas Oil Petrol JP Coal Natural Biomass S bbl Oil Diesel Gas 2007 69 33 9 43 6 66 11 79 2010 2015 100 13 60 9 60 17 00 2020 110 14 96 10 56 18 70 The crude oil price was used to identify the cost of Fuel Oil Diesel and Petrol Jet Fuel As these fuels are refined from crud
16. is chosen to supply the demand For a detailed explanation of the calculations completed in both the technical optimisation and the market optimisation read chapter 6 and 7 respectively in the EnergyPLAN user manual 15 4 3 1 Business economic vs Socio economic calculations The model distinguishes between two types of costs 1 Business Economic costs Taxes are included 2 Socio Economic costs Taxes are not included The socio economic studies are designed to minimise the costs to society i e the cost for the region country to provide the energy necessary In a socio economic study the aim is to identify the costs associated with the Technical Optimisation This way you can optimise the performance of the energy system without the restrictions imposed by economic infrastructures Therefore the following steps can be followed 1 Complete a Technical Optimisation identifying the optimum technical operation of the energy system for example the system with minimum Critical Excess Electricity Production CEEP or minimum CO 2 Complete a socio economic study to identify the costs associated with the technical optimisation The business economic studies show what can be done while being profitable for a business or person Once the socio economic study is completed the market economic study should be done to identify how the existing market infrastructure obstructs the optimal technical solution Therefore after completing steps 1 and 2 ab
17. 0 000 10 000 0 000 13071 0 000 0000 0000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 0 er Epe EEEL ojo p S S S S ojos oje 8 8 3 8 ojo S ojojo E joj Sjj 99 9 ojoje 8 8 38 es ia ca 0 000 0 0 a124 0317 0000 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 ona os oo 0000 0 000 0 000 00 O 000 3 881 0 706 0 000 0 076 0 000 0 000 _ 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 3 568 0 709 0 000 0 076 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0160 0 000 0000 0000 0075 0 000 000 0000 0000 0 000 0000 0000 Foner 000 000 0000 0000 0o00 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1391 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ooo 0 000 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 oo 000 00 0000 0000 000 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 0 000 0 000 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 ooo 0o00 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 0285 0 010 0 000 0008 0000 0 000 _ 0000 0 000 Peat S S Milled Peat gt a oe 0 000 slolojelele 2 2 eee EAEL DOO 0 258 2 163 0 992 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 2 167 0 992 0 000 0 000 0 000 000 0000 0000 0000 0o00 0000 0 003 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0000 0000 000 0
18. 0Hannevig 20 20Sure 20Engineering pdf 2007 EirGrid Welcome to EirGrid http www eirgrid com 2009 SEMO The Single Electricity Market Operator Available at SEMO http www sem o com 2009 Task Committee on Pumped Storage of the Committee on Hydropower of the Energy Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers Hydroelectric Pumped Storage Technology International Experience Available at American Society of Civil Engineers http cedb asce org cgi WWWdisplay cgi 9601277 1996 Met Eireann Degree Days Available at Met Eireann http www met ie climate degree day asp 2009 The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers Degree days theory and application Available at The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers http www cibse org index cfm go publications view amp item 356 2006 Department for Business Enterprise amp Regulatory Reform United Kingdom Energy Trends September 2008 Available at Department for Business Enterprise amp Regulatory Reform United Kingdom http www berr gov uk whatwedo energy statistics publications trends index html 2008 Sustainable Energy Ireland Dwellings Energy Assessment Procedure Version 3 Available at Sustainable Energy Ireland http www sei ie Your Building BER BER Assessors Technical DEAP 2008 E References University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENER 27 O Leary F Howley M O Gallachoir B Sustainable
19. 10 82 10 35 9 23 9 23 Biomass 25 0 35 1 95 N 0 00 0 00 Renewable j i E OAR 0 00 0 00 H2 etc lt n S R 8 0 00 0 00 Geothermal lt 4 B 0 00 0 00 Total F k l 43 31 43 31 ooooocococ soa eococococooo9cjcae oqo Cloocooooococ coos gd ocolooocoocoooocooooo0no0 coojoocoocoocooocoooo0oo0oo0oo ccooloccooccococe ccoolcoconoeccoc coco ecooleoeocaccocooce ccoleococo0ccocoococccono oocoolooocooocoo0oo0oo0 ccoo locooooono0oo0oo0oo0oo0o ooojooooocoocoocoooo0oo0oo0 coool oooocoocoooooocooo0o Hr coicoocccccoccoc eo rolcoocoocooocooocooooo0oo0o bol ooooocoocoocoocooocooo ocoo oocoocooocoocoocoooo ooloocoooocoooooo0oo0oo0 goc l ooooocooo0oo0o000 coool oooooooo0oo0oo0o0 oooco loocooooo0oo0oo0oo0oo0oo0 oocoloooooooooooo0 Figure 22 Verifying the EnergyPLAN model is functioning accurately University of Limerick Verifying Reference Model Data at MIREN A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 6 Common Error Screens These are some of the common error screens that saw during the time that used EnergyPLAN with a brief explanation of their cause 6 1 Wrong Number of Data Points If you do not have 8784 data points within a distribution in your model you will get an error that says is not a valid floating point value as shown in Figure 23 You need to
20. 5000 MWh Therefore when analysing the results for a double penstock the Maximum Storage for the PHES facility may not register as the storage capacity even though it has been full during the analysis For clarity purposes let s look at another example hour 5 from Table 10 1 There is 1000 MW and 5000 MWh of pump and storage capacity available respectively 2 There is 750 MW of wind and O0 MW of grid stabilising power Therefore the turbine capacity required is Turbine 0 3 Wind Turbine 321 MW 3 Now that the total production is 1071 MW 750 321 but the demand is only 331 MW 740 MW is sent to the storage as there is sufficient pump and storage capacity available Therefore the balance for the storage is 592 MWh 740 0 8 in and 401 MWh out 321 0 8 which means the value at the end of the hour is 40 592 401 231 MWh 4 Finally all the excess power was sent to the storage and all of the grid stabilising power was provided by the turbine so no export or import occurred University of Limerick Areas of Difficulty CO MEWO A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN Finally the single penstock is evaluated in the same way except if excess power and grid stabilisation must be provided at the same time the excess power is prioritised i e pump operates and the power plants PP provide the grid stabilisation i e as the turbine cannot operate when the pump is operating Table 12 Calculating the hour pump and turbine
21. 83 10 35 1 95 Geothermal TWhiyear Gr 3 0 00 0 00 Various 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 TWhiyear Coal Oil Ngas Biomass District Heating 7 Electricity Consumption Production Balance Waste Ba Elec Flexi Elec Hy Geo Waste Stab l Faymant Solar CSHP DHP CHP ELT Boiler EH lance demand ble HP trolyser EH dro thermal CSHP CHP Load imp Exp CEEP Eep P Exp MW MW MW MW MW MW Mw Mw MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW MW Million EUR 3056 719 92 106 290 0 3068 770 76 106 300 0 2908 712 73 106 297 0 2648 462 25 106 304 0 2598 449 74 106 294 0 2551 141 88 106 299 0 2530 138 97 106 299 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 o oO o o January February March April May June July August September October November December 2541 138 85 106 297 2666 283 55 106 299 2817 396 63 106 301 3012 597 57 106 297 3016 708 81 106 285 0 Average 2783 459 297 0 Average price Maximum 4339 41 325 0 EUR MWh r 0 Total for the whole year Y g Million EUR TWh year 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 _ 4 03 0 00 M0 00 2 03 0 64 gi M ED 93 0 00 24 08 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 0 FUEL BALANCE TWhiyear mp Exp Corrected CO2 emission Mt DHP CHP2 CHP3 Boiler2 B peo th Hydro Elc ly s i pee V 2 E p a Toa N ap Exp Netto Total Netto Coal lt 5 88 1 72 i 8 14 8 14 Oil 65 80 19 51 1483 rf 25 94 25 94 N Gas
22. DD As their title suggest the HDD indicate the level of heating required on a given day and the CDD indicate the level of cooling required on a given day In Ireland cooling is not required due to the climate therefore using the Heating Degree Days indicate the amount of heat required could be estimated Heating Degree Days work as follows The temperature within a building is usually 2 3 C more than outside so when the outside temperature is 15 5 C the inside of a building is usually 17 5 C to 18 5 C Therefore once the temperature drops below this 15 5 C outside temperature setpoint the inside temperature drops below 17 5 18 5 C and the space heating within a building is usually turned on Note that this 15 5 C setpoint is specifically for Ireland and it can change depending on a number of factors such as climate house insulation etc 23 A full explanation about the calculation and application of degree data can be obtained from 23 24 By obtaining the Heating Degree Day data the level of heat required each day within a building can be estimated Consequently an annual distribution of space heating demand can be created with a resolution of 1 day as Degree Day data is only recorded on a daily basis as seen in Figure 6 For the EnergyPLAN model hourly data is required so this 1 day data was converted into hourly readings using a computer program written in MATLAB if you follow the same approach you can contact me to use the mod
23. Energy and Natural Resources called All Island Grid Study Renewable Energy Resource Assessment Workstream 1 33 The first study 32 identified viable tidal energy resource available in Ireland from tidal power 0 92 TWh and the second study 33 created a power output curve for tidal devices as seen in Figure 10 Using these two inputs it was possible to simulate tidal energy in EnergyPLAN It is worth noting that these figures were based on first generation tidal devices so the area investigated came under the following restrictions 1 Water depth between 20m and 40m Sites outside major shipping lanes Sites outside military zones and restricted areas Sites which do not interfere with existing pipelines and cables 12 nautical mile limit offshore a oP oe Peak tidal velocity greater than 1 5m s Second generation tidal devices are expected to be developed that can be placed in areas without some of these restrictions see Figure 11 However these devices are not expected until 2015 33 University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data fa MIREN A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 140000 120000 gt S 100000 80000 Power Output kW j ill ornet Piled Jacket Floating Figure 11 First and Second generation tidal technology 34 3 2 3 Wave Power consulted with Jens Peter Kofoed Aalborg University in order to generate the expected wave power data for my model During our di
24. N as shown in Figure 20 Using this value the stab load is then calculated from stab load C d 5 MGSPS To make this clear let s look at hour 1 for a double penstock system in Table 10 In Table 10 all of the production units are highlighted in red and all of the demand units are highlighted in green Therefore for hour 1 the total production is 397 MW with 203 MW produced by the turbine and 194 MW produced by wind power However only the PHES turbine provides grid stabilising power and as a result the GridStab value for this hour is 203 397 100 51 However the MGSPS required is 30 see Table 11 and Figure 20 Therefore the stab load is 51 30 170 as displayed in Table 10 Let s calculate the stab load for hour 3 of the double penstock system in Table 10 also It is clear from Table 10 that during this hour the total production is 572 MW with 400 MW from wind power 38 MW from power plants and 134 MW from the PHES turbine As specified in the EnergyPLAN user manual both power plants and the PHES turbine can provide grid stabilising power Therefore the total grid stabilising power production University of Limerick Areas of Difficulty 300 MEWO A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN for hour 3 is 172 MW 38 134 This means that GridStab 172 572 100 30 and stab load 30 30 100 Note There are a number of areas in EnergyPLAN that still do not understand primarily because have not needed to use t
25. O 44 7 CONCUSSIONS sirsisrosno rirse in sra EE E EE AE EEN 46 8 PODEN or E E E E O 47 8 1 Ireland s Energy Balance 200 7 vsscesnssesesvavonewanseytncssecemnssuenstsavosssavoretecaatieunencesetawaneevsnemtecunnase 47 University of Limerick Table of Contents fa Nippon A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 9 Referentes isisisi runana aera NENA ENNE ENIN CAES 48 1 Introduction This is a brief description of my experience when I learned how to use the energy tool EnergyPLAN 1 It is a short description of why I chose EnergyPLAN for my particular study followed by a brief account of the sources used to gather the data for the model When I was carrying out my work using EnergyPLAN I did not know where to begin looking for a lot of the data needed As a result the primary aim of this document is to share with others where or how found the required data for my model I hope that this brief overview of my experience will enable the reader to use EnergyPLAN quicker and more effectively Finally welcome any contributions that could be made to improve the content of this document such as new sources of data or suggestions for new content If you have any further questions or contributions regarding any of the material in this document please don t hesitate to contact me at david connolly ul ie ie Introduction University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENKER 2 Why EnergyPLAN Before choosing the energy tool would use
26. Startdata File Edit Help co Kad eS Frontpage Input Cost Regulation Output Settings Saeeeeenenenenseeeessneenned Specification of Various Additonal Investment Costs Period O andM _ Total Inv Costs Annual Costs MDKK year Years of Inv MDKK Investment Fixed Opr and M Various 1 fo fo fo g g Various 2 fo fo fo g g Various 3 fo fo fo o 0 Various 4 fo fo fo a Various 5 fo fo fo g g Various 6 fo fo fo g g Various 7 fo fo fo g j Various 8 fo fo fo g Q Various 9 fo fo fo g Q Various 10 fo fo fo g Q This can be used if there is any additional costs which have not been accounted for For example the cost of insulating houses to reduce energy demands may be accounted for here 30 Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENKER 4 Areas of Difficulty Although a large degree of EnergyPLAN is intuitive there were some areas which found difficult to understand at first Therefore a few aspects of the model are discussed in more detail here 4 1 Thermal Energy System Coming from a country very little CHP plants or district heating exist and the fact that heat is usually generated at the point of demand did not fully understand how a thermal energy system worked As EnergyPLAN can model this type of energy system a brief outline is provided To illustrate the flexibility induced by thermal energy storage on such a system a snapshot of the power production dur
27. TO ENERGYPLAN 7 Conclusions The EnergyPLAN model is extremely useful because it is simple However this simplicity creates a responsibility on the user to ensure that the data inputted is as accurate and applicable as possible The time required to build the reference model is cumbersome as there is a lot of false paths along the way However the wave of possibilities that present themselves upon completion of the reference model ensure that the time spent searching for data becomes a worthy experience Once the reference model is completed it is possible to build and analyse energy systems with endless quantities of renewable conventional storage and transport technologies in a relatively short period of time Hopefully upon completion of my study will be able to expand the benefits of EnergyPLAN even further Finally the level of detail discussed in this report is not necessary for every study completed using EnergyPLAN especially in relation to the distributions used Therefore before spending a large period of time gathering data ensure that the data is required for the accuracy of the results ra Conclusions University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN WN yine pele 8 Appendix Ireland s Energy Balance 2007 8 1 2007 Units TWh Indigenous Production Imports Exports Mar Bunkers Stock Change Primary Energy Supply ind non energy Primary Energ quirement excl non energy Transformation Input
28. W A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN M4 Scatter Diagram Wave Period s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Pelamis Power Matrix Significant Wave Height m on ae 12 Figure 15 Scatter diagram for M4 data buoy off the coast of Ireland Once the most suitable wave power device has been chosen and the power matrix obtained the wave height and wave period data recorded at the site must be converted into power output To do this have created a program using MATLAB which can be obtained by contacting me at david connolly ul ie For my particular study used wave height and wave period data from four different sites around the coast of lreland The data was gathered by the Marine Institute in Ireland using data buoys see Figure 16 distributed around the Irish coast 36 Obtaining data from four different locations spread over each corner of the island ensured that wave energy fluctuations were minimised A list of data buoys can be seen at 37 Figure 16 A Data Buoy 3 2 4 Future Additions A number of other technologies will be analysed in upcoming alternatives for the Irish energy system so the input details will be added in due course Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENE 3 3 Data for Costs EnergyPLAN simulates the costs of an energy system in four primary categories 1 Fuel costs
29. _name txt as shown in Figure 24 iran zigi Xi salsaa Calculation Tine OOO Frontpage Input ES Rapin Dupa Senir Elechiriliemand iistnctteahng Rersenablet rag Ghousge Cocke traveckisl linctuety Tranpe titate Electricity Demand and Fixed Import Export Dlcmcity demand EE Twihipear Changa elicitation paid demand hous I b Bistre hasing IF inched ip Tehea Subira esdi heating uang dofibyten hon kareha paka kirap Elshie eirg F reiki Thule Sum Demande alec harg 235 Tehi Shull eel keeles cocky Uira chebedbean Enns oag arik Electric heating findividuall 400 Twhipes Eleciie cookeg leoina O00 Twhyas Fierta demand 1 day a Tehes Marae T Mw Flembie dherarel 1 varak a Thies Maraliga 100 MW Plewibde deman A varaka 4 Tht Menefince T Mw Foved bneort E por on Twhipear weoi Toal elachiehy demand maz Twi oo x Pie pat Found C leereyteawicdiieektopleroiecte nergy Hodina Model Energy PLAN En ng PLAM Dectrite tetanes decpet Rat Figure 24 Error that occurs when the distribution is placed in the wrong folder University of Limerick Common Error Screens 430 Naimeypesce A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 6 3 Warnings A WARNING sign will be activated on the results screen see Figure 25 and on the results print out see Figure 26 if any of the three following incident happens 1 Excess electricity production 2 Grid stabilisation is below requested level 3 The specified elect
30. aintenance Costs Interest J Percent pro anno CHP systems Investment Period O andM Total Inv Costs Annual Costs MDKK year Unit MDKK pr Unit Years MDKK Investment Fixed Opr and M Solar thermal 0 TWh epear 0 D 0 0 0 Investment Small CHP units 1000 Mw e 7 7 0 0 0 Sum Annual Costs Heat Pump gr 2 0 M W e 0 0 0 0 0 0 MDKK year Heat Storage CHP 20 Gwh a D 0 0 0 Large CHP units 1500 M W e 0 0 0 0 0 Heat Pump gr 3 100 M W e 0 D 0 0 0 B Heat Storage Solar OGWh 7 7 0 0 0 Fixed Oper and M Boilers gr 2and3 10000 MW th 0 o 0 0 0 Sum Annual Costs Large Power Plants 2500 M V e 0 0 0 0 0 0 MDKK year Wind 1000 M W e 0 0 0 0 0 Wind offshore 0 MWe 0 D 0 0 0 Photo Yoltaic 500 M W e 0 0 0 0 0 Show All Wawe power OM W e 0 0 0 0 0 River of hydro OMW e 0 0 0 0 0 Hydro Power 0 Mwe 0 D 0 0 0 Hydro Storage 0GWh 0 0 0 0 0 Hydro Pump 0 Mwe 0 0 0 0 0 Nuclear OMW e 0 0 0 0 0 Geothermal OMW e 0 0 0 0 0 Electrolyser OMW e 0 0 0 0 0 Hydrogen Storage 0 Gwh 0 0 0 0 0 Pump OMW e 0 0 0 0 0 Turbine OMW e 0 D 0 0 0 Pump Storage 0GWh 0 0 0 0 0 Indy boilers 0 M Ww th 0 D 0 0 0 Indy CHP OM W e 0 D 0 0 0 Indy Heat Pump 0 M W e 0 0 0 0 0 Indy Electric heat OM W e 0 D 0 0 0 Indy Solar thermal 0 TWh year 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Additonal various investment costs see next page Under this tab you must enter the investment lifetime and fixed operation and maintenance costs These costs are used for to calculate the annual costs of each component The inve
31. al 3 37 Oil 0 80 N Gas 5 43 Biomass 0 05 Renewable S H2 etc 0 00 Geothermal 7 m Total 9 65 8 95 2 12 14 40 0 14 25 60 E E JP S E 2 E E E E 00 00 A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENEE Capacities Efficien Group 2 MW e MyJ s CHP 0 0 0 40 Heat Pump 0 0 Boiler 0 Group 3 CHP 500 549 046 Heat Pump 0 0 Boiler 0 Condensing 6445 0 50 0 90 0 50 0 90 0 GWh Heatstorage gr 2 Fixed Boiler gr 2 0 0 Percent Grid gr 3 stabili sation share Electricity prod from CSHP Gr 1 0 00 Gr 2 0 00 0 93 0 00 0 00 0 00 elec Ther cies COP 3 00 0 GWh gr 3 0 0 Per cent Waste TWh year The EnergyPLAN model 8 1 Regulation Strategy Technical regulation no 1 KEOL regulation Minimum Stabilisation share Stabilisation share of CHP Minimum CHP gr 3 load Heat Pump maximum share Maximum import export Distr Name Addition factor Multiplication factor Dependency factor Average Market Price 37 00000 0 30 0 00 500 0 50 220 MW MW EUR MWh EUR MWh pr MW EUR MWh ireland_SEMO_2008_hourly txt 12 00 0 32 0 00 Fuel Price level K Capacities Storage Efficiencies MW e GWh elec Ther Hydro Pump 272 2 0 80 Hydro Turbine 292 0 80 Electrol Gr 2 0 0 0 80 0 10 Electrol Gr 3 0 0 0 80 0 10 Electrol trans 0 Oo 0 80 Ely MicroCHP 0 Oo 0 80 CAES fuel ratio 0 000 TWh year Oil Transport Household Indu
32. at source i e a district heating network E Areas of Difficulty University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENKER 3 Option 2 but Reducing CHP also when partly needed for grid stabilisation As stated this is largely the same as option 2 In option 2 CHP is reduced when there is a large output from renewable energy sources However in option 3 CHP is also reduced if it is required for grid stabilisation 4 Option 1 using the Triple Tariff As stated this is largely the same as option 1 However in this option CHP plants do not operate according to the heat demand but instead they operate according to the Triple Tariff The Triple Tariff was introduced in Denmark to encourage CHP units to produce electricity during peak hours Therefore CHP plants got paid 3 times more for producing electricity during peak hours times than any other time of the day As a result thermal storage became very common with CHP plants so they could store the excess heat created while output was high during peak electricity hours This regulation option is used to simulate the Triple Tariff The market optimisation is designed to match supply and demand at the least cost rather than on the minimum fuel consumption For this optimisation two primary steps are completed 1 The short term marginal cost of producing electricity and or heat is calculated for each power producing unit 2 The least cost combination of production units
33. city and storage capacity As indicated in Figure 4 hydro only provides 2 3 of Ireland s electricity demands and therefore there is not a lot of detailed information which is easily accessible for the hydro plants As a result found that the most productive approach was to contact the hydro plants directly and request the data required from the operator in the control room For the distribution of the hydro production used annual output data for the hydro plants which was recorded by the Irish TSO s EirGrid 20 and SEMO 21 As stated previously hydro power was only simulated using this option when modelling future alternatives for Ireland and not when modelling the reference model in 2007 Geothermal Nuclear There is currently no geothermal or nuclear power stations installed in Ireland so no data was required 3 1 1 4 Electricity Storage nerc N7 F File Edit Help ol Frontpage Input Cost Regulation Output Settings ElectricityDemand DistrictHeating RenewableEnergy ElecStorage Cooling Individual Industry Transport Waste Biomass Electrolysers and electricity storage systems Slits Capacities Efficiencies Miw e MJ s fuel Therm Hydrogen Storage Group 2 fo Gwh Group 3 fo Gwh Transport i fo Gwh i Micro CHP fo Gwh Electricity E Fuel ratio fuel input electric output for CAES technologies or similar Capacities Efficiencies Fuel Ratio Storage Capacity Pump Compress
34. ctricity produced from Turlough Hill in 2007 0 349 TWh and Ew is the total electricity consumed by Turlough Hill in 2007 0 546 TWh The resulting round trip efficiency Nt was 63 9 Therefore inserted the a pump efficiency of 79 9 and a turbine efficiency of 79 9 so that the round trip efficiency was 0 799 0 799 0 639 Note that the same efficiency was used for the pump and turbine as this is typically the situation within a pumped hydroelectric energy storage facility 22 3 1 1 5 Cooling FdenergyPLan 7 20 Startdata File Edit Help a ad S ElectricityDemand DistrictHeating RenewableEnergy Storage Cooling Individual Industry Transport Waste Cooling systems Electric airconditioning and District heating for cooling Distribution of cooling demand Change Hour_distr heat txt TWh pear Electricity Heat COP Cooling Consumption Consumption Demand Electricity for cooling fo 2 0 00 Distric heating for colling DH gr 1 fo 2 0 00 2 2 Distric heating for colling DH gr 2 fo Distric heating for colling DH gr 3 fo 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 There is currently no cooling load in Ireland so no data was required for the Irish reference model Note that the heat demand under the cooling tab is for absorption cooling University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data 130 NRE A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 3 1 1 6 Individual eS lox File Edit Help eE Fesssesessssesseseni
35. demand and supply is met as long as the power producing units are capable of completing the task Only in situations where the power producing units are not able to meet demand is power imported from the external market and where excess energy is produced i e during high wind speeds energy is exported to the external market There are four types of technical optimisation 1 Balancing Heat Demands This option performs a technical optimisation where heat producing plants must operate according to the heat demand The units chosen to supply the heat demand are chosen in the following order a Solar Thermal b Industrial CHP c Heat Production from Waste d CHP Heat e Heat Pumps f Peak Load Boilers This also affects electricity production Under this regulation the amount of heat that CHP units produce and hence the amount of electricity they produce is dependent on the heat demand at that time 2 Balancing Both Heat and Electricity Demands This option performs a technical optimisation where CHP plants must operate according to the electricity demands but the heat demands are still met by using thermal storage heat pumps and boilers Hence the heat and electricity produced from the CHP plants at any time is dependent on the electricity demand A graphical illustration of this option is displayed in Figure 17 gt Heat pumps are powered by electricity to transfer heat from one heat source i e ground or water into another he
36. demand for a double penstock PHES lec ind hour ats mes pump turbine storage import CEEP demand power 4 7 Description of stab load from EnergyPLAN results window As displayed in Figure 20 there is a number of grid stabilisation regulations that can be specified under the Regulation tab This includes that Minimum grid stabilisation production share MGSPS which specifies the percentage of production that must be from grid stabilising units i e power plants hydro etc It is important to remember that this is a percentage of total production and not total demand which is outlined in detail in the user manual in section 8 3 Electric grid stabilisation requierments b linimum grid stabilisation production share D3 Stabilization share of CHP 2 Minimunn CHP in gr 3 Heat Pump Maxinium load U5 Stabilisation share of Waste CHP TT Figure 20 Grid stabilisation criteria in the EnergyPLAN model To measure if the system provided the MGSPS during each hour of the simulation EnergyPLAN calculates the stab load as shown in Figure 21 This illustrates the percentage of the MGSPS that was satisfied during each hour This section illustrates how the stab load is calculated 38 Areas of Difficulty University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENE f EnergyPLAN 7 22 Turbine Capacity Limited by PP fon File Edit Help Close Window Calculation Time 00 00 01 stab
37. e gt Electricity In Lower Reservoir Lower Reservoir Electricity In Figure 19 One PHES facility with A a single penstock system and B a double penstock system So how do these operation strategies affect the hourly operation of the system in EnergyPLAN To illustrate this an example is presented in Table 10 using the parameters defined in Table 11 As seen in Table 10 the primary advantage of a double penstock PHES facility relates to grid stabilisation to see how the grid stabilisation percentage is calculated see section 8 3 of the EnergyPLAN user manual As the pump and turbine can operate together a double penstock system can store excess wind production using the pump while also producing grid stabilising power using the turbine In contrast the single penstock system has to prioritise one of these as the pump and turbine cannot operate together From Table 10 it is clear that the single penstock system prioritises the pump and therefore the excess electricity is sent to the PHES while the power plants PP must now provide the grid stabilising power As a result a system with single penstock PHES facility typically requires more fuel i e more PP production than a system with a double penstock PHES Also as a double penstock can charge and discharge at the same time the storage capacity does not fill up as quickly as a single penstock system Therefore double penstock system can achieve higher fluctuating renewable e
38. e once decided that EnergyPLAN was the most suitable energy tool for my particular study moved to Aalborg University for a short period to learn how to use the software correctly During my time there completed a reference model of the existing Irish energy system However felt that a lot of my questions could have been answered if simply knew where to begin looking for the data required Therefore decided to complete this document which simply discusses where found the information needed to complete my reference model of the Irish energy system hope that this will enable future EnergyPLAN users to collect their data more effectively Important There are important points below that need to be considered when reading the following chapters 1 have discussed a number of inputs in great detail and others only briefly This reflects the effort required and the assumptions made in order to get the data and not the importance of the data 2 When you download the EnergyPLAN model a number of distributions are included with it In a lot of studies these distributions will suffice as the results from the EnergyPLAN model may not be greatly improved by a more accurate distribution Therefore it is worth analysing the effects of various distributions on your results before allocating large periods of time to creating distributions This chapter is divided into three primary sections 1 Data for a Reference Model with a Technical Opti
39. e TWh pear factor production Wind fioo fo Hour_wind_1 tst 2 07 fo 2 07 Photo Voltaic 500 fo Hourwind txt 1 04 fo 1 04 waveFouer I0 fo Hour_solar_prod 0 00 fo 0 00 RiverHydro 0 fo Hour_solar_prod 0 00 fo 0 00 Hydro Power Capacity jo MiW e Annual Water supply jo TWh year Efficiency 0 33 Distribution of water Change Hour_wind_1 txt Storage o Gwh Estimated anuual production 0 00 TWh pear PE Pump Capacity fo Mwe Storage difference 0 Gwh EY jas L Wer J Pump Efficiensy X res electricity Geothermal Power _ Capacity jo Mwe Distribution Change Hour wind 1 Efficiency fo Annual production 0 00 TWh year University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data C MRE A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN Before explaining how obtained the data would like to recall what parameters are required In order to define the energy available from a renewable energy resource in your energy system you need to define five major features 1 The type of renewable energy in question The installed capacity of the renewable resource The distribution profile hourly for one year The stabilisation share oe ey Correction factor Parameters 1 3 are reasonably intuitive Therefore will only recap on the stabilisation share and the correction factor here So just to repeat from the EnergyPLAN user manual 15 the stabilisation share is the percentage between 0 and 1 of the installed capacity of the renewable
40. e first alternatives analysed for the Irish energy system 3 2 1 Photovoltaic As could not obtain PV output from Ireland used the results obtained from a Danish project called Sol300 As discussed previously the solar radiation available in Ireland and Denmark is very similar see Table 3 This project involved the installation of grid connected PV panels on 300 homes in Denmark and the corresponding output was recorded This output is discussed in 6 and is available in the Distributions folder that comes with the EnergyPLAN model The name of the distribution is hour_PV_eltra2001 and hour_PV_eltra2002 for the years 2001 and 2002 respectively Work is currently underway to find a relationship between PV output and global solar radiation as global solar radiation is the most common form of measuring solar radiation at meteorological stations This section will be updated when this work is completed 3 2 2 Tidal Tidal power is developing rapidly at present It is very similar to most renewable energy as you must use it when it is being generated However the unique characteristic of tidal power is the fact that it can be predicted in advance on a minute resolution at least three years in advance if not more In order to simulate tidal power sourced two studies completed in Ireland one by SEI the Irish Energy Authority titled Tidal and Current Energy Resources in Ireland 32 and one by the Department of Communications
41. e oil their prices are proportional to the crude oil price and hence the price ratio between each of these and crude oil typically remains constant Therefore the following ratios recommended by the Danish Energy Authority was used to calculate these prices 39 ratio of crude oil to fuel oil was 1 to 0 70 crude oil to diesel was 1 to 1 25 and crude oil to petrol jet fuel was 1 to 1 33 Also the fuel handling costs were obtained from the Danish Energy Agency 39 and are displayed in Table 5 Table 5 Fuel handling costs 39 Fuel Oil Gas oil Diesel Petrol JP Coal NEL mers Biomass Power Stations central 0 228 1 160 Distributed CHP district 1 914 l 1 120 heating amp industry Individual households 6 118 Road transport i 11 500 40 Airplanes i 3 3 1 2 Taxes rang the Irish revenue office to find out if there were any taxes on specific fuels or technologies and found that there was none Note that Value Added Tax VAT is not included here 3 3 1 3 CO Content In the EnergyPLAN model three CO emission factors are required one for coal oil and natural gas However in this study coal and oil do not just account for a single fuel but instead they account for a group of fuels The coal category represents peat and coal as were modelled as a single fuel this is a method which has been carried out in previous models of the Irish energy system 41 due to the similar power plant efficiencies and CO emissions of th
42. e two fuels The oil category represents a number of different types of oil including kerosene diesel coke etc Therefore the CO emission factors for coal and oil were calculated based on fuel consumptions from the Irish energy balance 29 and CO emission factors recommended by SEI 14 for the various fuel they represent In conclusion the CO emission factor used for coal peat was 100 63 kg GJ see Table 6 for oil was 73 19 kg GJ see Table 7 and for natural gas was 57 1 kg GJ 14 Table 6 CO emission factor for coal peat Consumption Consumption CO Emission Factor TWh 29 of Total kg GJ 14 Coal Milled Peat Sod Peat Briquetted Peat 26 Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN PVI FrE N Table 7 CO emission factor for oil Consumption Consumption CO Emission Factor TWh 29 of Total kg GJ 14 Gasoil Gasoline Jet Kerosene Kerosene Fuel Oil Residual Oil Coke LPG Naphtha 104 342 100 00 3 3 1 4 CO2 Price There is no carbon tax in Ireland at the moment However Ireland participates in the European carbon trading scheme and therefore there is a cost associated with carbon even though it is not an internal government tax For information on carbon costs visit http www pointcarbon com 3 3 2 Operation Tab EjEnergyPLAN 7 20 Startdata File Edit Help fE Frontpage Input Cost Regulation Output Settings F
43. efficiencies of the individual condensing plant as it was commercially sensitive information However obtained a breakdown of fuel inputted into the Irish condensing plants see Figure 4 once again from the Irish energy agency SEI and used this to calculate the efficiencies for the condensing plant of different fuel type using formula 1 For the reference model you will not need to know this instead all you need to find out is the total fuel consumed by all the power plants and the total electricity generated by all the power plants then you can calculate the condensing efficiency However the efficiency of the power plants under each fuel type will be necessary when simulating future alternatives for example if you wanted to simulate coal power plants being replaced by natural gas power plants as illustrated in Table 2 Table 2 How individual power plant efficiencies alter the overall Condensing power plant efficiency Coal PP Natural Gas Coal PP Natural Gas Total Capacity Overall MW PP MW Efficiency PP Efficiency MW Efficiency Reference Alternative 1 Alternative 2 og Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENEE Wind 3 3 Electricity Imports 2 3 Hydro 1 1 Landfill gas biomass _ amp other biogas 0 7 Electricity Transformation i Loss 50 5 of inputs Natural Gas 54 2 Natural Gas 52 9 Coal 22 3 Fuel Oil 7 2 Peat 8 7 h Gas oi
44. el at david connolly ul ie However this only considered the space heating distribution and not the hot water distribution Therefore the heat distribution accounting for both space heating and hot water demand had to be constructed OoOo Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN FNI FE N Li G J a k La J i Figure 6 Degree Day data from Belmullet meteorological station in Mayo Ireland For the summer months it was assumed that space heating would not be required it was assumed that the heat absorbed by the building during warm temperatures and also the building s occupants would keep the building warm during colder temperatures Therefore during the summer hot water is the only heating demand It was also assumed that hot water is a constant demand each day for the entire year as people tend to use a consistent amount of water regardless of temperature or time of year The BERR in the UK completed a report in relation to domestic hot water and space heating which indicated that the ratio of space heating to hot water heating in the home is 7 3 25 Therefore as seen in Figure 7 for the heat distribution a 30 constant bandwidth was placed at the base representing hot water demand and a 70 demand was placed on top based on Degree Day data representing the space heating requirements Figure 7 represents the heat distribution constructed for modelling the heat demand within t
45. eland were found from Gonzalez et al 43 as 0 473 6 M MW and 7 89 GWh for the initial investment 3 000 MW for the fixed O amp M cost and 3 MWh for the variable O amp M cost For the individual heating units such as boilers electric heaters solar found the investment and fixed O amp M costs by contacting the suppliers as displayed in Table 9 Remember to include the installation costs for boiler and solar systems i e plumbing and storage The type of individual heating systems in Ireland by fuel type was got from a report carried out by the Irish Central Statistics Office CSO 46 Finally just to note that taxes should not be included in the costs inputted here Therefore if a supplier is contacted to obtain the costs ensure the price quoted is without tax Table 9 Costs excluding taxes of individual heating systems for the reference model of the Irish energy system Fuel Type Cost Including Installation Lifetime O amp M Costs years year Oil 26 kW Biomass 19 kW Natural Gas 26 kW Solid Fuel 21 kW Electric Boiler 12 kW Electric Heaters 20 kW Solar Thermal 2400 kWh year Does not account for electric transmission upgrades that may be necessary for widespread installations This does not include the balancing costs associated with wind power University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data 290 NEW A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 3 3 4 Additional Tab FdenergyPLan 7 20
46. en a consumption cannot be specified anywhere else or may need to be analysed on its own i e gas consumption for offshore drilling Industrial CHP Energy Production In order to quantify the capacity of industrial CHP I had to contact the statistics department within the Irish energy agency SEI who had the breakdown of CHP plants at their disposal They could identify from their records how much CHP in Ireland was industrial and how much was dispatchable From this they could also provide the amount of electricity and heat that was produced from both industrial and dispatchable CHP Industrial CHP Distribution Since the industrial CHP in Ireland was not controlled by the TSO this means that the distribution used for Industrial CHP was const txt This means that the output was simply constant It is the best proxy for modelling a production that cannot be controlled we Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENEE 3 1 1 8 Transport FdenergyPLan 7 20 initalize File Edit Help co Ga eS S Loading Time 00 00 00 Frontpage Input Cost Regulation Output Settings ElectricityDemand DistrictHeating RenewableEnergy Storage Cooling Individual Industry Transport Waste Transport twnyea JP Jet Fuel fo km kwh Billion TT Diesel fo fis 0 pa om E Ngas 0 1 5 0 Biofuels from waste 0 00 Defined in the Waste window fis 0 Biomass Saa Biomass fo i 5 0
47. enewables Publications 2004 42 Danish Energy Agency Ekraft System Eltra Technology Data for Electricity and Heat Generating Plants Available at Danish Energy Agency Ekraft System Eltra http www energinet dk NR rdonlyres 4F6480DC 207B 41CF 8E54 BFOBA82926D7 0 Teknologikatalog050311 pdf 2005 43 Gonzalez A O Gallach ir B McKeogh E Lynch K Study of Electricity Storage Technologies and Their Potential to Address Wind Energy Intermittency in Ireland Available at Sustainable Energy Ireland http www sei ie Grants Renewable Energy RD D Projects funded to date Wind Study of Elec Storage Technologies their Potential to Address Wind Energy Intermittency in Irl 2004 44 Danish Energy Agency Basisfremskrivning af Danmarks energiforbrug frem til 2025 Forecast of the Danish Energy Supply until 2025 Available at Danish Energy Agency In Danish http www ens dk graphics Publikationer Energipolitik Basisfremskrivning 2007 170108 index htm 2008 45 Salmond N Personal communication at the British Hydropower Association Britain 2008 46 CSO Household Budget Survey 2004 2005 Final Results Available at CSO www cso ie releasespublications pr_hseholds htm 2007 47 Lund H A Green Energy Plan for Denmark Environmental and Resource Economics 1998 14 3 431 439 University of Limerick References ao MIREN A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 48 Connolly D Leahy M A Review of Energy Storage Technologi
48. es For the integration of fluctuating renewable energy Available at University of Limerick http www dconnolly net publications html 2009 50 References University of Limerick
49. faco 0000 0 000 0 820 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 3 948 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 011 0 098 4 069 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000_ 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 103 0 034 2 090 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 Natural Gas Renewables 2 bd fad 3 3 3 S Landfill Gas S S S S oo SS S S 2 Geothermal o s gt w y gt ojo JBEBE s ojo ojojo S sisis s 5 Sj a 00 ked ked ked s 5 Sisisio S So 5 5 TT Pano 000 A000 0 000 0 000 o000 o000 O00 0 000 0 000 2097 0 000 0 044 0 250 0 015 0 012 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 o0 0 000 a0 0 000 0 000 0 000 0000 0 000 0000 0000 2156 0 000 0 044 0 249 0015 0012 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 ca 0 000 coe 0 000 0000 0 000 ooo oo 0o00 _0 000 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 O 0o00 0249 ooo 0 000 0000 0000 0 0 _0 000 oo 0 0 000 0000 0000 0 000 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 Q 0 0 000 000 0 00 0 000 000 0 000 oo 0 000 000 0 000 o0 0000 0000 ooo 0 000 00 0 000 o0 0 000 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 r 0000 0000 0000 00 0000 F 00 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 0 000 9 000 0 000 0 000 0 000
50. g L The potential for the use of marine current energy in Northern Ireland http www detini gov uk cgi bin moreutil utilid 41 amp site 99 amp util 2 2003 35 Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Variability of UK Marine Resources Available at Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford http www carbontrust co uk NR rdonlyres EC293061 611D 4BC8 A75C 9F84138184D3 0 variability uk marine energy resources pdf 2005 36 Marine Institute Marine Institute Available at Marine Institute http www marine ie Home 2009 37 NDBC National Data Buoy Center Stations Available at NDBC http www ndbc noaa gov to_ station shtml 2007 38 International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2008 Available at International Energy Agency http www worldenergyoutlook org 2008 asp 2008 39 Danish Energy Agency Foruds tninger for samfundsg konomiske analyser pa energiomr det Prerequisites for socio economic analysis of energy Available at Danish Energy Agency In Danish http www ens dk sw80140 asp 2009 40 Hamelinck C van den Broek R Rice B Gilbert A Ragwitz M Toro F Liquid Biofuels Strategy Study for lreland Available at Sustainable Energy Ireland http www sei ie uploadedfiles InfoCentre LiguidbiofuelFull pdf 2004 41 Sustainable Energy Ireland A Study on Renewable Energy in the New Irish Electricity Market Available at Sustainable Energy Ireland http www sei ie Publications R
51. have 8784 data points so that there is a data point for each hour of the year 366 hours 24 days Farry i AS 7 20 iret ipai il Fim Edi Mre lasas Eisin Tine 0000 00 Fiontoage lepu Coa Peguir Dua Semings EleckistDiemand DiinciHasing Farsale rang Storage Croley freikvckial kecdicty Transport waste Electricity Demand and Fixed Import Export Dlscmcity demand jis Twhipear Change chatas Beland damani Jhou A07 Elecite heating OF inckaded TWivieat Subit sectie heating wang dhtritadion rom Wndhvehaa vanake Ekte coal fF id Tel Subbed eect cooky wang dioidbuber kom cook varai Sum Dami l cles hasra 2259 Tw hip Dlectric heating findrvidiuall 400 Twhipesr icc cooling coating 00 TWh year Fiete demand 1 day p Twhies Marate m Mw Flembie biman 1 wench p Tehoa Marelo 100 w Feki demand lwe Tahia Mawetincs T Mw Fod Ingo Expo oa Twihipesr wolar cet mint Total electricity demand ma Whee enreaynian x7 x T rat a vpid Foaki pent VAG Figure 23 Error that occurs with the wrong number of data points in a distribution 2a Common Error Screens University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENER 6 2 Distribution File Location If the distribution file that you have used is not located in the Distributions folder that you downloaded with the EnergyPLAN model you will receive an error that says File not found location distribution
52. he Irish energy system dh wall Fat lili Heat Demand 6 ay Figure 7 Individual heat distribution for Ireland Finally the daily distribution created using the degree day data had to be converted into hourly data for EnergyPLAN To do this a daily cycle was applied to the distribution which is displayed in Figure 8 The daily cycle used was taken from a similar study completed on Denmark in 4 It was assumed that Ireland would have a similar daily distribution for heat as Denmark University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data a5 MRE A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN My No Daily Cycle mn on T aE qi aw 4 aE q I With Daily Cycle Figure 8 Individual heat distribution for January 2007 in Ireland Hourly Fuel Consumption and Efficiency of Boilers The fuel consumed for residential heating can be obtained from the Energy Balance For the boiler efficiencies consulted the Building Energy Rating documentation provided by the Irish energy agency SEI 26 This documentation is used by assessors to complete energy ratings for homes in Ireland Therefore the documentation gave the typical type and efficiency of different domestic boilers used in Ireland This documentation is possibly available in other countries also or if not the efficiencies within this documentation could be applied to other applications Electric Heating Electric heating demand can also be difficult
53. heating group Various represent non energy products such as food The economic value is substrated from the cost of the waste energy recource Distribution of Waste Change distribution const txt Waste input DH production Electricity production Biofuel transportation Biofuel CHP Boiler Various Food etc Strategy CHP Boiler TWh pear Efficiency TWh year Efficiency TWh year Efficiency TWh year Efficiency TWh year Efficiency TWh year MDKK TWh fuel substitution DHG 0 0 00 0 00 fo 0 00 fo 0 00 fo 0 00 fi 0 00 os fo DH Gr 2 fo o s 0 00 fo 0 00 fo 0 00 fo 0 00 fo 0 00 in 0 00 pHGra fO jos 0 00 fo oo fo aw fo ow fp ooo 6 oo 1 Coal 2 Biomass Total 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 MDKK GTL Gasification To Liquid transportation fuels Waste coal and Biomass to BioPetrol and CHP Fuel input Output Module 1 Module 2 TWh year TWh year Efficiency TWh year Efficiency TWh year Waste fo BioPetrol fos oR jaz 0 00 Coal fo Electricity pee 0 2 0 00 fo Biomass fo Heat Gr 3 0 2 p p5 0 00 Total 0 00 0 00 0 00 There is currently no waste used for energy production in Ireland so no data was required for the Irish reference model ae Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENKER 3 2 Data for Future Alternatives with a Technical Optimisation Once the reference model is completed a number of new technologies can be introduced Below is a description of the inputs used in th
54. hese technologies or calculations to date If anyone would like to add some information to any of these areas please contact me at david connolly ul ie 40 Areas of Difficulty University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENKER 5 Verifying Reference Model Data Once all the data has been inputted into EnergyPLAN the final step is to verify that the model created is operating the same as the energy system that you are trying to simulate The first step is to ensure that all the capacities and distributions are correct including interconnection Capacity that is placed under the Regulation tab Afterwards the energy outputs from the model must be compared with those of the actual energy system There are five guidelines listed below that may be useful for completing this task see Figure 22 also 1 Check that the electricity demand is correct including demand heating cooling and interconnection 2 Ensure the consumption is also correct at point 2 3 Check that the production other than the power plants are producing the required amount of energy 4 Are the power plants generating the correct amount of energy for each fuel type If steps 3 and 4 are correct but the power plants are not generating the correct amount of energy then the power plant efficiency under the Input gt DistrictHeating tab needs to be adjusted 5 Is the total amount of fuel being used within the energy system correct The EnergyPLAN model 7 20 Elect
55. ial H2 Produced by Electrolysers fo Change Hour_transport txt 3 0 Transport Electricity Dump Charge fo Change Hour_transport txt 5 0 FA ao Gia Electricity Smart Charge fo Change Hour_transport txt 5 0 Fars near Max share of cars during peak demand ja z Eccl e Capacity of grid to battery connection fo Mw EN an Share of parked cars grid connected a7 Electricity SS Efficiency arid to battery fos Battery storage capacity fo Gwh V 2G details Capacity of battery to grid connection fo Mw Efficiency battery to grid fog The amount of fuel used for transport is also available from the Energy Balance 29 University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data 190 NRE A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 3 1 1 9 Waste Ptneraypran tzo startdata TE File Edit Help AEE _ElectricityDemand DistrictHeating RenewableEnergy Storage Cooling Individual Industry Transport Waste Waste Heat electricity and biofuel from energy conversion of waste Waste is defined geograhical on the three district heating groups Only one hour distribution can be defined and storage of waste is not considered an option Heat production is utilised and given priority in the respective district heating groups Electricity production is fed into the grid Biofuel production for transportation is transfered to the transportation window And biofuels for CHP and boliers is substracted from the fuels in the respective district
56. imise electricity generation from baseload power plants i e by charging during the night when electricity prices were low due to a high percentage of baseload power aes Areas of Difficulty University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENKER and discharging during the day when electricity prices were high due to a high demand Therefore they could not or never needed to charge and discharge at the same time To simulate this scenario in EnergyPLAN select NO for Allow for simultaneous operation of turbine and pump However if energy storage devices are designed especially to integrate fluctuating renewable energy there may be additional benefits when using PHES that can charge and discharge at the same time This can be achieved in a single PHES facility by installing two penstocks as displayed in Figure 19 or also by installing multiple single penstock system PHES facilities on the same energy system i e one can charge while the other is discharging at the same time By using a double penstock system the PHES introduces more flexibility onto the energy system and hence it can aid the integration of more renewable energy As a result this operation strategy is also possible in EnergyPLAN by selection YES when asked Allow for simultaneous operation of turbine and pump Electricity Out Upper Reservoir Upper Reservoir During Discharging Electricity Out During Discharging Generator Motor Generator Doubl
57. imulate a 400 MW h Wind Farm MW Fraction Decimal Wind Farm 20 100 0 2 400 30 100 0 3 400 60 100 0 6 400 100 100 1 0 400 80 100 0 8 400 40 100 0 4 400 Figure 1 Distribution of Irish Electricity Demand for January 2007 was oa e T moe a a r Hour E l 5TWh Demand m 1TWh Demand 0 5 TWh Demand Figure 2 Distribution modified by the total demand required 3 1 Data for a Reference Model with a Technical Optimisation EnergyPLAN simulates a single year in hourly time steps To create an initial model picked the year 2007 as it was the most recent when I started gathering my data University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data Cae Niecy A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN To explain where got my data will discuss each tab within the EnergyPLAN model separately The Frontpage tab illustrates a flow diagram of the EnergyPLAN model indicating how all the various components of the energy system interact with one another The Input tab is used to describe the parameters of the energy system in question The Cost tab is used to input the costs associated with the energy system being investigated and the Output tab is used to analyse the results of your investigation Finally the Settings tab enables the user to change the data units in the program Below will discuss in detail where got the information for the Input tab and the Cost tab as these account for the majorit
58. ing different scenarios is presented below The system in question contains a CHP plant wind turbines a thermal storage a hot water demand and an electrical demand as illustrated in Figure 17 During times of low wind power a lot of electricity must be generated by the CHP plants to accommodate for the shortfall power production As a result a lot of heat is also being produced from the CHP plant as seen in Figure 17a The high production of heat means that production is now greater than demand and consequently heat is sent to the thermal storage Conversely at times of high wind power the CHP plants produce very little electricity and heat Therefore there is now a shortage in of heat so thermal storage is used to supply the shortfall as seen in Figure 17b Note This system can be simulated by choosing the Technical Optimisation 2 Balancing Heat and Electricity Demands under the Regulation tab in EnergyPLAN Z gt a Wind Power Wind Power Electricity Electricity Demand Demand CHP Plant TATE CHP Plant Demand Thermal Storage Thermal Storage a b Figure 17 Energy system with district heating and thermal energy storage during a a low wind scenario and b a high wind scenario This system has been put into practice in Denmark which has the highest wind penetration in the world Also Lund has outlined a roadmap for Denmark to use this setup in achieving a 100 renewable energy system 4 University of Limerick
59. ising However if the turbine starts producing power it too will be adding to the production and hence the amount of grid stabilisation required will increase For example if the turbine provides 30 of the wind production which is 360 MW i e 0 3 1200 then the total production is now 1560 MW but 360 1560 is only 23 which is less than 30 Therefore the total power that must come from the turbine must account for its own production also and is calculated from see section 8 3 of the EnergyPLAN user manual for full details on grid stabilisation calculations Turbine 0 3 Wind Turbine 0 3 1200 Turbine gt O 7Turbine 360 gt Turbine 514 MW As the turbine needs to produce 514 MW it means that 643 MWh 514 0 8 must be removed from the storage facility so the balance in the storage facility during this hour is 4351 649 643 4357 MWh 3 Now that EnergyPLAN has evaluated that the maximum electricity it can store is 812 MW and the total electricity it needs for stabilisation is 514 MW it can equate how much electricity is left for export which is 1200 514 812 442 460 MW Note that this has a tolerance of 1 MW as the decimal place may be greater or less than 0 5 An important issue to notice here is the value recorded for the storage facility at the end of the hour Even though the value recorded was 4357 MWh the storage capacity was full during the calculations i e after the pump demand was added 4351 649
60. l amp refinery gas 0 2 Landfill gas biomass Coal 18 8 amp other biogas 0 5 Peat 7 4 Hydro 2 3 Electricity imports 4 6 Note Some statistical differences and rounding errors exist between inputs and outputs Wind 6 7 Percentages of inputs on the left refer to percentages of total inputs Percentages of output with the exception of electricity transformation loss refer to Renewables as of gross electricity consumpti on 9 4 percentages of gross electricity generated ae A J CHP as of total electricity generation Oil 6 8 Figure 4 Breakdown of fuel consumption and electricity generated in Irish electricity system 14 There is a second entry available for the Condensing section called PP2 This is usually used for the economic analysis if there is highly contrasting plant on the system if there is one group of plants with a high efficiency but are expensive and another group of plants which have a low efficiency but are cheap Therefore these may need to be analysed separately by the model 3 1 1 3 Renewable Energy Ttneroypran 7 20 startdata E File Edit Help ca Mad e a S Ans eennnenenasenen ElectricityDemand DistrictHeating RenewableEnergy Storage Cooling Individual Industry Transport Waste Electricity production from Renewable Energy and Nuclear Renewable Capacity Stabilisation Distribution profile Production Corection Post Correction Energy Source Mw shar
61. l requires Usually the EnergyPLAN model requires two primary parameters 1 The total annual production demand 2 The hourly distribution of the total annual production demand a There must be 8784 data points one for each hour b The data points are usually between 0 and 1 representing 0 100 of production demand as shown in Figure 1 However if a distribution is entered with values greater than 1 the program will index the distribution This is done by dividing each entry in the distribution by the maximum value in the distribution This means that historical hourly data can be used in EnergyPLAN for a distribution An example displaying how an index is created and also how an index is used is shown in Table 1 c The distribution is inputted as a text file t This does not apply to the price distributions For the price distribution the actual values provided in the distribution are used po oal Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENEE The distribution is simply adjusted to reflect the total annual production demand For example in Figure 2 the distributions for three separate demands are shown In Figure 2 the three distributions show how the distribution in Figure 1 is manipulated to model the total demand Table 1 How a distribution is indexed and subsequently used in EnergyPLAN Note 8784 hours in total are required Time Output from a 100 MW WEO EDELE Using Indexed Data to S
62. misation 2 Data for Future Alternatives with a Technical Optimisation 3 Data for Costs The order is used as this is a typical modelling sequence that is recommended when simulating an energy system Firstly a reference model must be created to ensure that EnergyPLAN can simulate the energy system correctly before introducing alternatives The reference model does not require economic inputs as it is usually only the technical performance that can be compared i e cost data is usually not in the public domain After creating the reference model using the technical inputs then the fuel investment and O amp M costs can be added to carry out a socio economic analysis of the energy system Therefore alternatives can now be created and compared in relation to their technical performance and annual operating costs Finally the external electricity market costs can be added so a market optimisation can be completed in EnergyPLAN this enables you to identify the optimum performance of the energy system from an business economic perspective rather than a technical perspective However typically the aim when creating future alternatives is to identify how the optimum business economic scenario can be altered to represent the optimum socio economic scenario i e by adjusting taxes as this is the most beneficial for society Finally before discussing the data that was collected it is important to be aware of the type of data that EnergyPLAN typica
63. nd method simply found the average capacity factor for an offshore wind farm in Ireland which was 40 19 then calculated the annual output from the wind farm Eannual using the installed wind capacity PW and the average offshore wind farm capacity factor CFw as displayed below E 8760P CF 2 Annual The result was 0 088 TWh from an installed wind capacity of 25 2 MW with a capacity factor of 40 Therefore after the offshore wind capacity and onshore wind distribution were inputted into EnergyPLAN and the correction factor was adjusted to 0 36 until the annual output was 0 088 GWh In my opinion this method is better when simulating alternatives which introduce new large scale wind capacities as it uses the average Capacity factor In comparison the first method is better if you are simulating a specific wind farm as it takes into account the specific wind speeds at that site As Ireland has very little offshore wind at the moment but my future alternatives will most likely simulate large scale offshore wind capacities used the second method for my model Photovoltaic There is currently no PV power installed in Ireland so no data was required for the reference model However this is discussed in Section 2 in relation to data for alternative models Tidal There is currently no tidal power installed in Ireland so no data was required for the reference model However this is discussed in Section 2 in relation to data for al
64. nergy penetrations at lower storage capacities than a single penstock system University of Limerick Areas of Difficulty 35 0 MRE N A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN Table 10 Results for hours 1 10 when using a single and a double penstock PHES operation strategy in EnergyPLAN elec wind hour Herne mee power pp pump turbine storage T import CEEP EEEP Double Penstock System YES O CON OURA UU N e O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O m e O Single Penstock System NO O CON OURA UU N e O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O m e O Table 11 Parameters used in EnergyPLAN for the sample calculations on the two PHES operation strategies Parameter Capacity Electricity demand 4 TWh Condensing power plants 500 MW Wind energy 2000 MW Pump capacity 1000 MW Turbine capacity 1000 MW Pump efficiency 0 8 Turbine efficiency 0 8 Storage capacity 5 GWh Regulation Minimum grid stabilisation share 0 3 i e 30 All values were entered using the default distributions provided when opening EnergyPLAN 4 6 1 Storage capacity for the double penstock system strategy It should be noted that when using a double penstock system the storage capacity may never be defined as full on an hourly value This is due to the calculation procedure in EnergyPLAN As stated previously a double penstock system can charge using excess electricity while also discharging to provide grid stabilisation Therefo
65. on for the Co Ordination of Transmission of Electricity UCTE which provides a lot of detailed data about the production and consumption of electricity A list of the countries in the UCTE is available from 12 and the data can be obtained from 13 The data includes the following e Statistics e Production Data e Consumption Data e Exchange Data e Miscellaneous Data e Country Data Packages Therefore this is a useful source of information if you re modelling a European region 2 3 Data from meteorological stations may or may not be free so enquire University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data po MIREN A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 3 1 1 2 District Heating EkenerayPLan 7 20 startdata TE File Edit Help SNS Tessensereenenenened ElectricityDemand DistrictHeating Storage Cooling Individual Industry Transport Waste CHP Heat Pumps and Boilers at District Heating Systems Omens nee dstict heata oups Distribution of demand Change Hour_distr heat txt Group District heating gr is meant to represent DH systems without CHP Ch e ooo aes Prodkction Siasa LosT Shae Fined Distribution of solar thermal ange Hour_solar_prod1 txt ii TWwh year Gwh Percent TWh pear Sum of district heating demand 20 00 TWh pear weve jog TWh pear Pelt dade Solar thermal fo fo fo fi 0 00 TWh pear Sum of solar thermal 0 00 TWh pear Demand Group ll District heating or
66. or fo 0 Gwh Turbine fo o s fo Electricity Allow for simultaneous operation of turbine and pump No storage system Advanced VALS Calculate Strategy 6 Optimal strategy Compressor variable operation costs DKK M Wh 0 a00 0 Compressor taxes DKK M Wh Pei eel EETA Turbine variable operation cost DKKZM wh 0 Income electricity MDKK price Natural Gas price DKK MWh e lull Sa phe Cost compressor operation MDKK price Pipa Market average price DKK MWh 227 Cost compressor Taxes price Cost turbine operation MDKK price Turbine Market volumen Limits Change dstbution const txt Cost natural gas MDKK price Value of storage diff MDKK price Compressor Market volumen Limits Change distr bution const txt Neti MDKK i f Soho pier Allow for simultaneous operation of turbine and pump Yes l Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN PVI FE N Only pumped hydroelectric energy storage PHES is in use in Ireland so did not have to gather any data on electrolysers or compressed air energy storage CAES For the PHES parameters simply contacted the plant control rooms and they provided information of pump turbine and storage capacities However plant efficiencies could not be revealed as it was commercially sensitive Therefore from the Energy Balance calculated the overall PHES efficiency using Ng Z Ew 7 where Eour was the total ele
67. ove 3 Carry out a business economic market optimisation to identify how the existing system prevents the introduction of the optimal technical solution 4 Make changes to the existing tax system to outline how the existing market could be adjusted to promote the optimal technical solution Sometimes socio economic costs can include the following aspects also 1 Job Creation 2 Balance of Payment The electric grid needs to be maintained at a certain frequency and voltage Power plants usually provide ancillary services that ensure this frequency and voltage are maintained If the frequency or voltage is not maintained the electric grid will stop working Marginal Cost Is the cost at which there is enough supply to meet demand http en wikipedia org wiki Balance of payments University of Limerick Areas of Difficulty 3300 Nipple A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 3 Public Finances 4 Environmental Costs However these calculations are not made by the EnergyPLAN model Instead these benefits must be calculated externally based on the investments made in the different energy system sectors These calculations are discussed further in 47 4 4 Optimisation criteria for an Energy System It is very important to know how EnergyPLAN identifies that one energy system is better than an alternative energy system There five primary variables that are recorded when doing this are 1 PES Primary Energy Supply This is the total ene
68. purchasing handling and taxes in relation to each fuel as well as CO costs 2 Investment costs capital required the lifetime of each unit and the interest rate on repayments 3 Operation costs the variable and fixed operation and maintenance costs for each production unit 4 Additional costs any extra costs not accounted for in the program by default e g the cost of insulating houses for increased energy efficiency This was not used to create the 2007 Irish energy system but may be used for future scenarios These costs are used by EnergyPLAN to perform socio economic and business economic studies as well as a market optimisation for the energy system 3 3 1 Fuel Tab o x Fie Edit Help al EENE Frontpage Input Cost Regulation Output Settings Fuel Taxes and CO2 costs Coal FuelOil ease Petrol4JP Naas Waste Biomass Fuel Price world market prices DKK GJ fo fo fo fo fo Bp fo Business economic operation All costs fuel handling and taxes are included Fuel handling costs distribution and refinery DKK GJ in the marginal costs when optimal operation Tis HANA CHP sed cower estore lo fo fo fo strategies for the individual plants are decided Te ee inten Nan x Socio economic consequenses To Individual house holds fo fo fo fo Taxes are not included when the socio economic To transportation road and train fo fo o fo COETS OT E CREN To transportation air fo Taxes DKK GJ mo mo oo oo Adan eies i z
69. re at the beginning of each hour EnergyPLAN must decide how much energy will be stored due to excess electricity and how much will be discharged to provide grid stabilisation To do this the following sequence is used by EnergyPLAN 36 Areas of Difficulty University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENKER 1 The amount of excess wind power can be stored is calculated i e is there enough pump capacity and storage Capacity available to send the excess electricity 2 It calculates the electricity that needs to be discharged to meet the grid stabilisation requirements Based on these figures the electricity that must be import or export is evaluated Once again by looking at an example this should become clear Let s take the values from hour 887 in Table 12 At the beginning of this hour there was a demand of 442 MW and a wind production of 1200 MW Therefore by following the steps outlined above EnergyPLAN did the following 1 The storage capacity from the hour before was 4351 MWh while the total capacity was 5000 MWh Therefore the total capacity available for the next hour was 649 MWh which equates to a pump demand of 812 MW i e 649 0 8 Hence there is only room for 812 MW of excess electricity production in the storage during this hour 2 As the total production during this hour is now 1200 MW of wind there is now grid stabilising power operating The regulation used states that 30 of all production must be grid stabil
70. reland as displayed in Figure 9 To ensure the Danish solar resource was similar to the Irish solar resource global solar radiation data was compared between Denmark and Ireland as seen in Table 3 It clearly verifies the similarity and therefore it was considered reasonable to assume that the solar thermal output would be very similar for both Denmark and Ireland This solar thermal distribution was created by a Danish energy consultancy Solar thermal output can be found by measuring the inlet and outlet temperatures of the collector and also the flow rate 16 Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENEE PlanEnergi 30 for the 2030 Danish Energy Plan 3 4 The distribution gives the production of an individual solar thermal installation of 4 4 m during a typical Danish year The production is calculated on the basis of a consumption of 150 litres per day heated from 10 C to 55 C in combination with a 200 litre storage tank The 4 4 m represents a solar thermal installation designed for hot water and some contribution to space heating Table 3 Global solar radiation in Denmark and Ireland Country Number of Stations That Provided Data Average Annual Global Solar Radiation kWh m Denmark 4 976 Ireland 7 989 Yearly global irradiation ngi Figure 9 Solar radiation Solar Share The solar share is the percentage of houses that have a solar panel installed To es
71. resource that can contribute to grid stability i e provide ancillary services such as voltage and frequency regulation on the electric grid At present renewable energy technologies with the exception of hydro plants with storage cannot help regulate the grid Therefore the stabilisation share will be set to O unless this changes in the future Also from the EnergyPLAN user manual 15 the correction factor adjusts the hourly distribution inputted for the renewable resource It does not change the power output at full load hours or hours of zero output However it does increase the output at all other times This can be used for a number of different reasons For example future wind turbines may have higher capacity factors and thus the same installed wind capacity will produce more power Onshore Wind obtained the installed wind capacity and the hourly wind output for 2007 from the Irish TSO The stabilisation factor was inputted as 0 because wind power does not contribute to grid stabilisation Also the correction factor was inputted as 0 because the installed wind capacity and the distribution used generated the expected annual wind energy Otherwise the correction factor would need to be adjusted until the wind production calculated by the model was the same as the actual annual production Offshore Wind There was very little historical data available for offshore wind in Ireland There is currently only one offshore wind farm construc
72. rgy required within the energy system 2 CQ This is the amount of CO produced within the energy system 3 Annual costs The annual costs required to supply the required energy demand 4 EEEP Exportable Excess Electricity Production This is the amount of electricity that had to be exported from the energy system AND it was possible to export because the required transmission out of the energy system was available 5 CEEP Critical Excess Electricity Production This is the amount of electricity that had to be exported from the energy system BUT could NOT be exported because the required transmission was NOT available How important each of these parameters is depends on the objective of your study Exercise four in the EnergyPLAN training which is available from the EnergyPLAN website 1 provides a good example of how these parameters are used to compare alternative energy systems Finally other parameters may also be used to compare energy systems but these are the most common 4 5 External Electricity Market Price Under the regulation tab an external electricity market price can be defined The distribution is NOT indexed like other distributions in EnergyPLAN instead the actual values in the distribution are used The distribution can be manipulated by an Addition Factor and a Multiplication Factor The addition factor is used to represent the cost of CO gt If the CO cost was increased or introduced in the external elect
73. ricity demand TWh year Flexible demand 0 00 Capacities Efficiencies Ri i i a i egulation Strategy Technical regulation no 2 Fuel Price level Basic Fixed demand z A Fixed imp exp 0 80 Group 2 MW e MJ s elec Ther COP KEOL regulation Paes Electric heating 4 Transportation 0 00 CHP 0 0 040 0 50 Minimum Stabilisation share 0 30 Capacities Storage Efficiencies Electric cooling 0 00 Total 27 68 Heat Pump 0 3 00 Stabilisation share of CHP 0 00 MW e GWh elec Ther Hydro Pump 272 2 075 0 Boiler 0 0 90 ini P istri m rN Gr 3 Group 3 Hoa Paes n aii T me Hydro Turbine 292 0 85 District heating demand 0 00 0 00 A CHP 0 40 0 50 Maximum importie 220 MW Electrol Gr 2 0 0 80 0 10 Electrol Gr 3 0 80 0 10 Solar Thermal 0 00 0 00 0 00 Heat Pump z 0 Industrial CHP CSHP 0 00 0 00 0 00 Boiler 0 0 90 Dist Name Hour_nordpool txt Electrol trans 0 0 80 Demand after solarandCSHP 0 00 0 00 0 00 Condensing 6445 0 47 Addition factor 0 00 EUR MWh Ely MicroCHP 0 0 80 ne ee e a ee Multiplication factor 2 00 CAES fuel ratio 0 000 1 93 TWhiyear 0 Heatstorage gr 2 0 GWh gr 3 0 GWh Dependency factor 0 00 EUR MWh pr MW Offshore Wind TWh year 0 Fixed Boiler gr 2 0 0 Percent gr 3 0 0 Percent Average Market Price 227 EUR MWh 3 Wave Power TWh year Electricity prod from CSHP Waste TWh year Transport 0 00 65 80 0 00 0 25 Tidal TWhiyear 0 Gr 093 0 00 Household 5 88 19 53 10 82 0 35 Hydro Power 64 TWhiyear Gr 2 0 00 0 00 Industry 1 72 14
74. ricity demand e g for BEV cannot be met by the capacity of power plants in combination with import on the transmission line capacity For example Figure 25 below illustrates the warning displayed on the results screen of the EnergyPLAN tool when excess electricity production occurs while Figure 26 illustrates the same warning on the results print out of EnergyPLAN File Edit Help EENE Close Window Calculation Time 00 00 00 WARNINGII 1 Critical Excess EnergyPLAN model 8 1 13 pril 2010 13 40 RESULT Data set ireland_REF RH Technical regulation no 1 Critical Excess Regulation Strategy 00000 gt Total Calculation Time 00 00 00 Loading of Data 00 00 00 Calculating Strategy 1 00 00 00 Calculating Strategy 2 00 00 00 Calculating Heatstorage 00 00 00 Calc economy and Fuel 00 00 00 ANNUAL CO2 EMISSIONS Mt a CO2 enission total 42 799 CO2 emnission corrected 37 640 SHARE OF RES fincl Biomass RES share of PES RES share of elec prod RES electricity prod 11 9 percent 79 4 percent 19 42 TWh year ANNUAL FUEL CONSUMPTIONS TWh year 186 06 Fuel Consumption total CAES Fuel Consumption 0 00 Fuelfincl Biomass excl RES 166 72 Fuel Consumption incl H2 186 06 Fuel Consumption corrected 166 52 Coal Consumption 19 92 Oil Consumption 103 06 Ngas Consumption 41 00 2G Pre Load Hous ANNUAL COSTS Total Fuel Coal FuelOil
75. ricity market it would raise the cost of electricity by a constant amount for each hour Check Graphs in Excel sheet before explaining 4 6 Operation Strategy for Electricity Storage In EnergyPLAN electricity storage is described in the form of pumped hydroelectric energy storage PHES as this is the largest and most common form of electricity storage in use today 48 However this can be used to define any type of electricity storage which has a charging capacity i e pump compressor discharge capacity i e turbine and a storage capacity When defining the electricity storage capacities available it is also possible to define an electricity storage operation strategy Once again as EnergyPLAN uses PHES as a reference the question asked in EnergyPLAN when defining an operation strategy is Allow for simultaneous operation of turbine and pump YES NO which is displayed in Figure 18 ERE REE Fuel ratio fuel input electric output for CAES technologies or similar Electricity storage Capacities Efficiencies Fuel Ratio Storage Capacity Pump Compressor 0 0 8 0 Gwh Turbine 0 0 3 0 Electricity Allow for simultaneous operation of turbine and pump No storage system Figure 18 Electricity storage parameters and operation strategy in EnergyPLAN Historically PHES and other large scale electricity storage facilities have typically been constructed with a single penstock system as they were designed to max
76. rtadnssnenseneeneeqeeeaee 27 3 3 3 E Ui a N E A E A ante E 28 3 3 4 AddRional TaD sroine enni en irinna inan ERT S ERATEN Ri 30 4 Areas of ICU CY eisor nrin E OEE OE EE 31 4 1 Thermal Enerey SyS teM eenaa a E E A E 31 4 2 IS ECU A atine GOUD oriei E TO EEO VEEE OO OOE 32 4 3 Technical Optimisation vs Market OptiMiSation ccccccssssscccccesseceecceeseceeeeeeseceesssaeaeses 32 4 3 1 Business economic vs SOCIO ECONOMIC calculations ccccccessssececceeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeaees 33 4 4 Optimisation criteria for an Energy SySteM ccscccccssssecceccsesecceceseeccesseeeeeesseagaeeeeeseees 34 4 5 External Electricity Market Price cccsscccccsssseecececeesseccesseeseceesaeeseeeeesseaseeeesseaaeeeessaeasses 34 4 6 Operation Strategy for Electricity Storage ccescccccssssecccecseeseeeecseeeeceeseeeeeeesssaeaeeeesseees 34 4 6 1 Storage capacity for the double penstock systeM Strategy ccsscccccessseceeeeseeeeeeeees 36 4 7 Description of stab load from EnergyPLAN results WINGOW cc sssscccesesseeeeeeseeeeeeees 38 5 Verifying Reference Model Data csccscsscsccsccsccccsccsceccsccsceccnccsceccnccscesceccsceccnsesceccnces 41 6 COMMON Emor SCleG INS sorrisi i a aa aE Na 42 6 1 Wrong Number of Data Points ccccccccsssseccccceeeseceeceeeeceeeeeesececseeaeeeceesseeaeeeesseaeceeseeenes 42 6 2 Distribution Fle LocatiO iausen T a O E A 43 6 3 Wa a E S TOE OO E A EEE A A O
77. scussion it became apparent that the future of wave power is very unclear Unlike wind power where the three bladed design has become the primary turbine there will be no standard design for future wave generators This is due to the fact that wave power depends on two parameters wave height and wave period Different wave generators will be used depending on the specific wave height and period characteristics at the sites It is unlikely that any single wave generator will be the most efficient at all sites The most convincing way to predict the wave power contribution for an energy system in the future is to use the output from a wave generator device that is publicly providing a power matrix particularly the Pelamis see Figure 12a The Pelamis power matrix as illustrated in Figure 12b is available to the public and hence can be used in conjunction with wave height and wave period data to predict future wave power Since created the wave power output have also found two other wave power matrices one for the Wave Dragon see Figure 13 and the other for the Archimedes see Figure 14 Moa Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN PYESIN Power period T pow 5 60 65 7 0 75 80 85 90 95 10 0 10 5 11 0 11 5 12 0 12 5 13 0 50 55 6 Hi idie idie ice idie idio idle idie idie idto idie ite idio idie idie ide ide idie 1 pea a BB eee my gt 2 50 6s 76 a3
78. sed for this purpose 6 The quality of journal papers being produced using EnergyPLAN was a key attraction Below are a few examples of the titles recorded before contacting Prof Henrik Lund about EnergyPLAN a Energy system analysis of 100 renewable energy systems The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050 4 b The effectiveness of storage and relocation options in renewable energy systems 5 c Large scale integration of optimal combinations of PV wind and wave power into electricity supply 6 d Large scale integration of wind power into different energy systems 7 After reading these journal papers and observing the contribution that the results made to the Danish energy system felt that could supply a similar insight into the Irish energy system using EnergyPLAN 7 Finally and possibly the most important reason for using EnergyPLAN was Prof Henrik Lund s supportive attitude when approached him about using EnergyPLAN was invited to Aalborg University to learn about EnergyPLAN and complete my first model My progress has been accelerated beyond expectation due to the support and guidance from both Prof Henrik Lund and Associate Prof Brian Vad Mathiesen during my time at Aalborg University This is an essential aid when embarking on research especially when deadlines need to be met University of Limerick Why EnergyPLAN as MEWN A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 3 Collecting the Required Data As mentioned abov
79. stment and operation costs for condensing power plants were obtained from 42 and are displayed in Table 8 l Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENEE Table 8 Investment fixed O amp M and variable O amp M costs for Irish condensing power plants 42 Plant Type Investment Fixed VELEL 2007 Irish Capacity Costs O amp M Costs O amp M Costs Fuel Type ME MW MW year MWh Steam turbine coal fired advanced 16000 1 800 852 5 MW Coal steam process 2004 806 MW Oil Steam turbine coal fired advanced 22000 3 000 345 6 MW Peat steam process 20 co firing of biomass 2004 Gas turbine single cycle 40 125 719 MW Gas MW 2004 Gas turbine combined cycle 100 2806 MW Gas 400 MW 2004 Gas turbine combined cycle 10 208 MW Gas 100 MW 2004 The onshore wind and offshore wind costs were obtained from 44 investment costs for onshore wind are 1 2 M MW and offshore wind is 1 6 M MW while the fixed O amp M costs are 6 MWh for onshore wind and 8 70 MWh for offshore wind The investment costs for the hydro power in Ireland were obtained from the British Hydropower Association 45 the investment cost for hydro stations below 100 MW is 1 765 M MW the fixed O amp M costs are approximately 2 7 of the investment and the variable O amp M costs are approximately 1 3 of the investment The costs for pumped hydroelectric energy storage in Ir
80. stry Various 0 10 10 0 Bo 1 Critical Excess D o Ngas Biomass 00 82 35 00 0 25 0 35 1 95 0 00 a Electricity Elec HP trolyser EH MW MW MW Elec Flexi EH MW MW ooo o0ooo0oc0c 0c coc cco 0c o 0 Ooo 1 oo ono go 00 00000 oeooo nouo ono coco cco ocnd ooo oo o0 OO 0 00000 OoOoo oo onoooon oo 000 2 0 00 0 00 Geo th Hydro Elcly s Waste CAES Wind Offsh P 2 2 18 60 0 08 7 18 60 0 08 Hydro Tur Pump bine RES MW 19 33 Solar Th Transp househ 0 01 0 01 Hy Geo dro thermal MW MW Ooo oo ono ogo o0 O00 00 ooo o0ocococ 0c cco CCC of 0 00 5 88 65 60 19 51 10 82 0 25 0 35 66 05 36 56 0 00 0 93 4 39 11 65 1 72 14 83 10 35 1 95 28 85 Industry Various Total 19 92 103 06 41 00 2 74 19 34 0 00 0 00 166 06 Payment Im M CEEP EEP MW MW ooo ooo0ococ0c ccc Cc Cc oO 9 0 00 6 89 Imp Exp Corrected Imp Exp Netto Total 7 21 27 16 8 43 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 42 60 19 54 166 52 p Exp ilion EUR ooo ooo oo 000 0 Average price EUR MWh 40 17 Million EUR 0 147 CO2 emission Mt Netto 474 26 73 6 17 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 37 64 13 April 2010 13 40 Figure 26 Sample of the WARNING for excess electricity production on the results print out of EnergyPLAN University of Limerick Common Error Screens MRE A USER S GUIDE
81. t you compare the data in the program to actual measurements to ensure that the program is providing accurate data 3 1 1 1 Electricity Demand FdenerayPLan 7 20 Startdata ys 5 x File Edit Help S S Frontpage Input Cost Regulation Output Settings ElectricityDemand DistictHeating RenewableEneray Storage Cooling Individual Industry Transport Waste Electricity Demand and Fixed Import Export Electricity demand 20 TWh year Change dstibution Hour_electricity txt Electric heating IF included TWh year Subtract electric heating using distribution from individual window Import Electric cooling IF included Twh year Subtract electric cooling using distribution from cooling window Sum Demand excl elec heating 20 00 TWh year variable Electric heating individual 0 00 TWh pear Electric cooling coolinal 0 00 TWh year Flexible demand 1 day 0 TWh year Max effect 1000 Mw Flexible demand 1 week fo TWhiyear Maxeffect 1000 Mw Flexible demand 4 weeks fo TWh year Max effect 1000 Mw Fixed Import Export 0 TWwhyear Change distribution Hour_Tysklandsexport txt Total electricity demand 20 00 TWh pear Total electricity demand was obtained from the Irish transmission system operator TSO EirGrid 8 and the Energy Balance document Imported and Exported electricity was also obtained from the TSO in Ireland Twenty four European countries are involved in the Uni
82. ted which is located at Arklow Banks off the coast of County Wicklow This wind farm is using a new wind turbine developed by GE Energy hence they will not release any information in relation to the power generated from the turbines The only information had was the installed capacity of the wind turbines 25 2 MW 7 x 3 6 MW turbines As a result used the onshore wind distribution that had obtained from the Irish TSO combined with the correction factor in EnergyPLAN The reason the onshore wind distribution is a good source of data is because it accounts for the variations in wind speed over the island of lreland The only difference between onshore and offshore wind distributions is the higher capacity factor for offshore This is accounted for by the correction factor in EnergyPLAN However after deciding to use the onshore wind distribution then had to identify the annual wind energy produced by the 25 2 MW of offshore wind calculated this in two different ways For the first method began by obtaining the average annual wind speed at location of the offshore wind farm 8 75 m s using the Irish wind atlas 16 Then got an annual offshore wind distribution from a data buoy located close to the offshore wind farm data buoy M2 from 17 This data had an average annual wind speed of 7 82 m s over the year 2007 Therefore scaled up this distribution curve until the average annual wind speed was 8 75 m s the same as the average
83. ternative models Wave Power There is currently no wave power installed in Ireland so no data was required for the reference model However this is discussed in Section 2 in relation to data for alternative models University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data fie MEWO A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN River Hydro River hydro refers to hydroelectric dams with no storage facility i e they must operate as water passes through them Although there is no river hydro in Ireland at the moment it was used to simulate the Irish reference model found that if hydro power was simulated under the Hydro option which discussed after this section EnergyPLAN would optimise the dispatch of hydro itself However the optimal dispatch of hydro according to EnergyPLAN was different to the actual dispatch of hydro power in Ireland in the year 2007 In contrast the river hydro power did not optimise the dispatch of hydro but instead it replicated the historical hourly values that were inputted as the distribution These hourly outputs were obtained from the Irish TSO but note that it took four months to obtain this data so long waiting periods may need to be accounted for When modelling future alternatives for Ireland will use the Hydro Power option in EnergyPLAN as this will enable EnergyPLAN to optimise the dispatch of hydro which is desirable in the future Hydro Power found that hydro data was quite difficult to gather i e power capa
84. timate this in Ireland contacted the Irish energy agency SEI 8 who told me that there was 33 600 m of solar thermal panels installed in Ireland A typical solar installation in Ireland uses 5 m therefore it was assumed that there are approximately 6 720 solar installations in Ireland From the 2006 census in Ireland it was stated that there are 1 469 521 homes in Ireland 31 Therefore it was concluded that there is a solar thermal installation in 0 45 6720 1469521 of Irish houses Solar Input As stated above found the total solar energy utilised from the Irish Energy Balance 29 The solar input and solar share can be adjusted until the solar production matches the value stated in the Energy Balance University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data a NIREO A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN 3 1 1 7 Industry FdenergyPLAn 7 20 Startdata ioj x File Edit Help sasaa Fesseesesessssssssed D DistrictHeating RenewableEnergy Storage Cooling Individual Industry Transport Waste Industry Fuel consumption and Heat and power production Coal pil Ngas Biomass Industry fo fo o fo Various fo fo o fo Industrial CHP CSHP Change distribution Hour_cshpel txt TWh year DH prod Electrcity prod DH Gr 1 fo DHG2 fO fo pHa f fo Total 0 00 0 00 Fuel Consumption The quantity of each fuel type consumed within industry can be found in the Energy Balance 29 The Various input is only used wh
85. tion Storage XERE ea ached a Minimum selling price devided by maximum buying price FR calcd eee 3 ie Hydro Pump Storage 0 3 37 Mh Under this tab you must enter the variable operation and maintenance costs These are the costs that occur if the technology in question is used For example an annual service has to be done every year regardless of how often the generating plant operates Therefore this is a fixed operation and maintenance charge However if the generating plant generates 1 GWh it must get a second service costing 1500 Therefore the generating plant has a variable operation and maintenance cost of 1500 GWh or 1 50 MWh as this second service will only be necessary if the plant actually operates University of Limerick Collecting the Required Data fm NEW A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN For the condensing plant found the variable operation and maintenance costs for each type of power plants from 42 and calculated an overall variable O amp M cost of 1 84 MWh as displayed in Table 8 For the pumped hydroelectric energy storage PHES facilities obtained the variable operation and maintenance costs from 43 and to date have not found the variable operation and maintenance cost for the individual units 3 3 3 Investment Tab PlEnergyPLan 7 20 Startdata OOO File Edit Help ad EENE Frontpage Input Cost Regulation Output Settings Investment and Fixed Operation and M
86. to quantify as it is usually discussed in conjunction with the heating demand and not as a separate entity From a report completed by the Irish energy agency SEI it was found that 14 of all domestic electricity is used for space heating and 23 for hot water 27 In a separate report by SEI it was found that 12 of commercial electricity was used for heating purposes 28 Therefore used these figures to calculate the electric heating demand in Ireland i e 37 of domestic electricity plus 12 of commercial electricity Solar Distribution There are two types of solar thermal in the EnergyPLAN model Solar thermal that contributes to district heating and solar thermal for individual households At present only individual solar thermal energy is used in Ireland and hence it is discussed in this section under the individual s heating demands The inputs required for the EnergyPLAN model are the 1 The total solar thermal production for 2007 2 Hourly distribution of the solar thermal production in 2007 3 Solar thermal share The total solar production in Ireland for 2007 was got from the 2007 Energy Balance 29 For the distribution an attempt was made to obtain the hourly power output from a solar panel for an existing installation in Ireland but this could not be obtained As a result the solar thermal output curve that was constructed for Denmark was used as the solar radiation in Denmark is very similar to the solar radiation in I
87. uel Operation Investment Additional Teneensseeneseeeesensnenseed Variable Operation and Maintenance Cost District Heating and CHP systems Marginal Costs of producing 1 MWh electrcity Boiler 0 DKK MWh th DistricHeating Incr CHP2 decr HP2 0 DKK MWh CHP 0 DKK MWh e Incr CHP3 decr HP3 D DKK MWh Heat Pump 0 DKK MWh e Incr CHP2 decr B2 0 DKK MWh Electric heating 0 DKK M Wh e Incr CHP3 decr B3 0 DKK MWh Incr B2 decr HP2 0 DKK MWh Power Plants Incr B3 decr HP3 0 DKK MWh Incr B2 decr EB2 0 DKK MWh 2 si ety 0 er ii Incr B3 decr EB3 0 DKK MWh ee p IE incr CHP2 decr ELT2 0 DKK MWh 0 l incr CHP3 decr ELT3 0 DKK MWh GTL MI 0 DKK M Wwh fuel input A GTL M2 DKK MWh fuelinout incr B2 decr ELT2 0 DKK MWh 0 P incr B3 decr ELT3 0 DKK MWh S incr GTL decr B3 0 DKK MWh torage incr GTL decr CHP3 0 DKK MWh rases 0 aoa aakala Power Plants Condensing Power 0 DKK MWh Pump a DKK MWh e PP2 0 DKK MWh Turbine 0 DKK M Wh e 2 y Hydro Power 0 DKK MWh 2G Discharge 0 DKK MWh e Geothermal 0 DKK Miwh Hydro Power Pump 0 DKK M Wh e Individual Incr Ngas CHP decr B 0 DKK MWh Individual Incr Bio CHP decr B 0 DKK MWh Boiler 7 DKK Mwheth Incr HP decrease EH 0 DKK MWh CHP 0 DKK MWh e i p Haat Pump 7 DKK MWh e Marginal Costs of storing 1 MY h electrcity Electric heating 0 DKK MWh e DKK MWh Multiplication Factor Individual Incr H2 CHP decr Boiler 0 1 85 Total cost of storing defined pr MWh of electricity produc
88. wind speed at the offshore wind farm Finally got the power curve for a Vestas V90 wind turbine as seen in Figure 5 and calculated the expected output for a single year from the offshore wind farm did not want to use the power curve for the GE Energy wind turbines which were installed at the offshore wind farm as these are still at the testing stage At this point had calculated an expected offshore wind production of 0 11 TWh using the power curve and wind speed distribution with w Collecting the Required Data University of Limerick A USER S GUIDE TO ENERGYPLAN ENER average annual wind speed of 8 75 m s Using the onshore wind distribution the annual electricity generated from the 25 2 MW offshore wind farm was 0 07 TWh However from my calculations the total electricity that should have been generated was 0 11 TWh Consequently adjusted the Correction Factor to 0 65 until the total offshore wind output was 0 11 TWh This accounted for the higher capacity factor of the offshore wind turbines in comparison to the onshore wind turbines However if 25 2 MW of wind power produced an annual output of 0 11 TWh this would give the wind farm a capacity factor of 49 8 which is very high and hence used a second method also Power curve V90 3 0 MMU 3 500 2500 5 CHU A fou 250 2200 JM L730 1 500 L230 IO aa ir i ie n Wind speed m s Figure 5 Vestas V90 Power Curve 18 For the seco
89. y of data required 3 1 1 Input Tab Below is a brief description of the data used under the Input tab in my model It is worth noting that the data required for EnergyPLAN is usually generic data that can be obtained in most OECD countries Therefore if was able to obtain the data for the Irish energy system it is likely to be available in other countries also Also note that each sub heading in this section represents data required for a different tab in EnergyPLAN The first piece of information that you should try to source is the Energy Balance for your country or region The Irish Energy Balance was completed by the Irish energy agency called Sustainable Energy Ireland SEI 8 The Energy Balance indicates the energy consumed within each sector of the energy system as displayed Figure 3 and Appendix A The International Energy Agency IEA completed two reports on energy balances in 2008 one with the Energy Balances for each of the OECD countries 9 and one with the Energy Balances for a number of non OECD countries 10 These documents must be purchased so have not obtained a copy However this is one possible source for an energy balance of your energy system Ireland s Provisional Energy Balance 2007 TWh gt EEE sm Chest I 1 om a DT x z RIL 1008 J i Do REGE J os cus asa buon cs ELE asa neum asa ELE boos boon Lom Lam emaa coos bios Los buon boon a000 bos asa

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